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2015 autumn ebm special cro cmo

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European Biotechnology Autumn 2015

CROs & CMOs

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Experience for the Future Biopharmaceutical Development and Manufacturing • recombinant proteins (e. g. cytokines, antibody fragments) • plasmid DNA • vaccines

Manufacturing Capabilities • from strain development to GMP manufacturing • from lab scale up to commercial supply

Partnering and Licensing • full development up to finished product • global in- and out-licensing of biopharmaceutical projects

FDA and EMA GMP compliant Winner of CMO Leadership Awards 2015: Productivity | Quality | Innovation

Meet us at: BioTalk Biological Manufacturing Excellence 2015 Berlin, Germany, September 21– 22 Bio-Europe 2015 Munich, Germany, November 02 – 04 www.richter-helm.eu | Phone: +49 40 55 290 - 436 | t.rupp@richter-helm-biotec.eu 70_EBN-Autumn_2015_RichterHelm.indd RHB-AG-001_AZ_210x275_EBN.indd 1 1

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SpEciAl

European Biotechnology | Autumn Edition | Vol. 14 | 2015

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Outsourcing set to increase CRO/CMO  Cost-effective development and manufacture of biopharmaceutical products is rapid-

ly gaining in importance, while healthcare systems across the globe are looking to contain costs and  improve efficiency. To adapt to these changes, industries need to review and streamline their in-house  processes. Outsourcing to Contract Research Organisations (CROs) and Contract Manufacturing   Organisations (CMOs) have become a major trend and the markets are still going to expand. According to market intelligence published in April 2015, the current trend  in the biotechnology and pharma industries to outsource research and  manufacturing services – such as target discovery, assessment of biosimilarity, clinical development, regulatory affairs, pharmacovigilance and  manufacture, formulation and fill and  finish of small-molecule and biologic  therapeutics – is set to grow at a stable rate.  The authors of the recent Research  & Markets "Outlook of Global Pharmaceutical Outsourcing Market" expect the global pharmaceutical outsourcing  market  to  expand  by  8.7%  annually, from about US$131bn in 2014  to US$215bn in 2020. For the past six  years (2009–2014) they have report-

ed a Compound Annual Growth Rate  (CGAR) of 9.4%. Outsourcing to Contract Research Organisations (CROs)  or to Contract Manufacturing Organisations (CMOs) has become a foundation  for pharmaceutical and biotechnology  drug developers.

Outsourcing services for new technology trends In order to streamline its lengthy, inflexible and inefficient drug development and approval procedures, major players from the pharmaceutical  industry have cut their R&D teams to  focus on top priorities and outsourced  the rest.  One of the challenges for them is  selecting the right partner that is ca-

pable of coping with the rapid technological progress in the field. Currently,  the  US$16.5bn  contract  manufacturing market as well as the US$25.6bn   contract  research  market  is  dominated  by  a  handful  of  large,  public  players.  However,  even  in  a  consolidating  market, special expertise in the analysis and production of glycooptimised  antibodies, antibody conjugates, gene  and cell therapies, regulatory submission or electronic data capture has become  a  competitive  advantage.  The  same is true for companies that offer  advanced contract research services  such as stochastical data analytics to  flesh out a medicine's safety and efficacy just before a clinical trial has started  enrolment. L

Meet us at BioEurope booth #90

The full-service CRO at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf

SEARCH. RESEARCH. DISCOVER.

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www.ctc-north.com

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SPECIAL

European Biotechnology | Autumn Edition | Vol. 14 | 2015

HAbE: complete registration of novel antibody formats Bioinformaticians at Roche have created a software that allows an automatic description and registration of the full molecular structure of antibodies, conjugates and antibody-derived drug formats just from its raw sequence. HELM ANTIBODY EDITOR

In the past, therapeutic antibodies followed nature's standard format: a set of two identical light and heavy chains interconnected by Cys-Cys bonds at defined positions. Increasingly complex formats such as antibody conjugates, glycoengineered antibodies or bispecific antibodies, however, challenge the industry to fully describe their chemical structure and record every change in its molecular structure over the whole life cycle of the biological product. Until recently, there was no longer a system available that could describe all molecular characteristics of complex antibodies in a systematic and automatic fashion. Based on the HELM Editor, a notation for smaller macromolecules provided by the Pistoia Alliance in 2013, we have developed the HELM Antibody Editor (HAbE). The soft-

ware package and documentation was published in April on the website of the global alliance of pharma companies, which jointly aim to lower the barriers of innovation (www.pistoiaalliance. org/helmantibodyeditorreleased/ ). In the spirit of open innovation, member companies are currently working on further enhancements.

PREVIOUSLY

TODAY

The HELM Antibody Editor The HELM Antibody Editor employs a domain library to describe functional building blocks of advanced antibody formats. The systems delivers a graphical notation of all functional domains of an antibody and its arrangement just a few moments after its amino acid raw sequence has been entered. Additionally, all extra connections (such

The HELM Antibody Editor easily handles complex biologics and fully automatically generates a full-blown visualisation.

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as Cystein-Cystein bridges) between the antibody chains are automatically recognised. The molecule displayed represents the final drug in full detail. However, the system not only depicts all protein domains, mutations, and functional modules. It also provides an exact description of the localisation of every atom, bond and their position within the antibody. When combined with an additional inhouse designed system module called TaPIR (Therapeutic Protein Identifier and Registration) the software package, which has been developed since February 2014, can do much more than just register and visualise. You can insert novel parts into an antibody, retrieve every single functional module that has been stored in a database previously, and use it for the design of a novel antibody with optimised properties. Before a novel antibody module can be stored in a database, the system checks if its structure is already registered. Otherwise, it gets a unique identifier. This kind of antibody registration is not only beneficial for collaboration at different Roche sites. As other pharma companies plan to adopt this system as well, in the future it could also support the documentation of appropriate products to the regulatory authorities. Currently, the Pistoia Alliance is striving to convince them to accept the HELM notation for submissions. The system is now free for optimisation in the interest of all players. 

Picture: Roche Innovation Center Penzberg

› by Stefan Klostermann, Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, pREDi, Penzberg, Germany

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Want to make a difference? We’ll show you how.

Celonic is different. As a GMP certified CDMO, we think pharmaceutical biotechnology far beyond standard processes, procedures and regulations. We tailor our support to your individual needs, streamline processes in close cooperation with you and use state-of-the-art platform technologies to meet your goals. We develop manufacturing processes and produce new biologic entities and biosimilars under GMP. We are your reliable and experienced partner for all stages of biopharmaceutical production. Celonic offers the best infrastructure for research, GMP production and quality control. We have a culture of mutual respect and commitment.

Empathy. Efficiency. Excellence. That‘s the difference.

www.celonic.ch

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SPECIAL

European Biotechnology | Autumn Edition | Vol. 14 | 2015

Cell line development for biopharma production CHO production cell lines need high productivity but also robustness and scalability too. Celonic's licencable SEFEX serum-free expression platform can provide both. CELL LINES

› by Daniel Lüscher, PhD, Director USP, Celonic AG, Basel

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more generation cycles, often resulting in small, and sometimes dramatic loss of productivity.

SEFEX technology For 17 years, Celonic has extensively worked on the development of expression vectors, cell lines and media, resulting in its proprietary serum-free SEFEX expression platform. It is based on a CHO-K1 host cell line, a set of high level-expression vectors and repeatedly refined protocols for the best screening and selection processes. The result is a highly robust and scalable platform where growth behaviour in the shaking flask is almost identical to the one from a 10 l, 250 l and 1000 l batch (Figure 1).

Extremely high titers beyond 7 g/l make SEFEX an ideal system for the manufacture of biologics. Celonic out-licenses SEFEX. The license includes not only the host cells and vector set but also detailed protocols for the handling, screening and selection processes necessary to generate high performing production cell lines. The license is royalty-free and with a guarantee to licensees: we will take over the developed cell line from our licensees and upgrade it to a GMP compliant Master Cell Bank. Celonic (www.celonic.com) is a CDMO located in the heart of pharmaceutical industry in Basel, Switzerland. It is providing services from cell line to cGMP manufacturing. 

Figure 1: Scalability of a SEFEX antibody production cell line. VCD = Viable Cell Density; SF250 = Shake Flask 250 ml; 10 L = 10 L stainless steel bioreactor; 250 L SUB = 250 L single-use bioreactor; 1000 L SUB = 10000 L single-use bioreactor

Picture: Celonic

Since the approval of tPA derived from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in 1986, stable expression of recombinant proteins has become a very important system for the manufacturing of therapeutic proteins. During the last 30 years, the productivity of stable recombinant cell lines could be increased from less than 100 mg/L to several grams per liter. The huge increase in productivity has been achieved by optimisation › of the culture media, resulting in higher viable cell densities, higher productivities and longer cultivations in fed-batch mode and › of expression vectors resulting in higher productivities, more efficient selection systems and higher stability of production cell lines. But a good production cell line requires more than a high titer alone. During largescale production in bioreactors, shear force as well as limited availability of nutrients and oxygen put stress on the cells, which are expected to grow fast and maintain high expression yields in a consistent manner over time and also from batch to batch. This requires a high degree of physical and genetic robustness, which is reported to be lacking even in cell lines meant for industrial production. One of the most important characteristics of a cell line is its scalability. As the scale becomes larger during the development of a product – from 1–10 l during R&D over 100-250l in phase I to 1000 l for phase II/III and commercial manufacturing, the upscaling is performed in three or more steps. Every step means

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European Biotechnology | Autumn Edition | Vol. 14 | 2015

Pichia – competitive through diversity Biomanufacturing  Austrian protein production expert VTU Technology is set to achieve yet another boost

in productivity benefitting from its unparalleled spectrum of diverse Pichia pastoris expression tools › Dr. Evelyn Trummer-Gödl, Dr. Thomas Purkarthofer, VTU Technology GmbH, Grambach, Austria

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sion. Timely adjusted co-expression of  helper proteins from a proprietary set  of auxiliary proteins allows for maximisation of protein production. Based on  this broad genetic diversity, thousands  of  Pichia strains producing the target  protein are generated that differ in their  genetic configuration. A high-throughput microscale screening and cultivation regime is applied for the rapid identification of the best performing genetic  constellation.

New dimension in protein production Pichia processes at VTU show extraordinary high space-time yields due to  short process times and typical product concentrations of 10 – 20 g/l at initial  purities of 80 – 90% before downstream  processing.

Pichia’s biological limit has not yet been  reached so far, as VTU recently developed  an exceptionally high performance expression strain yielding 35 g/l of secreted product. These high-yielding processes are based on protein synthesis under  the control of the strong and methanolinducible AOX1 promoter. Additionally,  AOX1 promoter variants showing high  protein yields (up to 20 g/l) using only  glucose or glycerol as the sole carbon  source have been developed by the company. Major advantages of this new technology – besides abolishing toxic and explosive methanol as a substrate – are  reduced oxygen consumption in fermentation and therefore clearly reduced heat  production as well as a significant potential to reduce process times. Optimised  fermentation- and feeding strategies further reduce process times without sacrificing product titer or quality going along  with a substantial increase in volumetric  productivity.

Tailor-made glycoprotein production with VTU P. pastoris VTU has expanded its technology platform by adding  Pichia Glycoswitch® to  the company´s technology portfolio.  Pichia Glycoswitch® is a platform allowing for the specific production of glycoproteins with Man5-or higher human  like glycoforms. Beside the elimination  of immunogenic effects from  Pichia  specific glycans, tailor-made glycoproteins with a homogenous glycosylation  pattern can be efficiently produced. L

Picture: VTU Technology

The global pharmaceutical market is set  to double in the coming years, reaching  $400bn (D365m) by 2020. The soaring cost of biologics development is forcing drug developers to  increase productivity and efficiency in  biomanufacturing through achieving  excellence in process development.  Reductions in upstream- and downstream development costs are indispensable. To cope with these challenges, VTU  Technology acquired and further developed a  Pichia pastoris technology  platform facilitating the competitive  production of biopharmaceuticals and  other recombinant proteins. The yeast  P. pastoris combines the advantages of  prokaryotes, such as easy genetic manipulation and fast growth to high cell  densities on inexpensive and chemically  defined media with eukaryotic features  such as a subcellular protein processing machinery needed for post-translation modification and secretion. These  Pichia specific properties enable the  efficient production of a wide range of  proteins at high yields and high initial  purities allowing for a fundamental reduction in processing costs. Using Pichia´s inherent potential, VTU  established an exclusive and yield-enhancing technology platform, standing out due to its diversity of expression tools and expression strategies. A  proprietary AOX1 promoter library and  a diverse set of platform strains provide the genetic diversity necessary  for the fine-tuning of protein expres-

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AdvertoriAl

european Biotechnology | Autumn edition | vol. 14 | 2015

AnaPath GmbH founds Safety Alliance ContraCt researCh  AnaPath has founded a strategic alliance of a selected number of well-estab-

lished, complementary CROs located in Europe. This “Safety Alliance” is a one point of access to full  preclinical development and regulatory packages.

safety-alliance.net)  was  founded  in  April 2015 by AnaPath as a coordination and monitoring function for multi-site studies in order to facilitate the  collaboration and communication between CROs and clients. The involved  CROs are located in Europe and well  established in their specific field of  exper tise  (see  below).  The  strategic alliance of these CROs offers the  possibility to join their expertise and  to provide the complete services for  preclinical  development  and  registration from a single point of contact.

›› Accelera   is  a  reliable  par tner  in  pharmacokinetics,  metabolism  and  toxicology potential issues. They sup-

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›› BSL BIOSERVICE Scientific Laboratories Munich GmbH is a specialist in  non-clinical testing. BSL offers a broad  range of biological safety and activity  testing for pharmaceuticals, chemicals,  medical  devices,  agrochemicals, cosmetics and food ingredients.

››   Jesus Usón Minimally Invasive ›› AnaPath is a CRO for histology and  pathology evaluation in the fields of  toxicology and experimental pathology and anatomy. Next to high quality  performance of standard histological  techniques, the scientists and technicians are specialised in neuropathology,  inhalation  pathology,  bone  marrow  evaluations,  immunological processes, pathology in unusual  laboratory species (fish, amphibian,  birds, and invertebrates), hard material techniques, immunohistochemistry,  fetal pathology and image analysis.

Surger y Centre Ser vices(JUMISC)  belongs  to  the  pharma-biotech  and  medical devices industry. It is a multidisciplinary institution that has large  experience in translational research  and covers several fields of expertise:  laparoscopy, endoscopy, microsurgery,  endoluminal therapy and diagnosis,  anesthesiology, pharmacology, bioengineering and medical devices, stem  cell therapy and assisted reproduction.

›› IBACON is a competent partner for  contract research and efficient per-

Picture: Anapath

›› The  Safety  Alliance  (http://w w w.

port all stages of drug discovery and  development  by  offering  integrated  services, including Attrition Reducing Technologies (ART) and Toxicology  Screening to help “pick the best” drug  candidates, as well as Regulatory Drug  Safety, Safety Pharmacology, ADME, Bioanalysis and Pharmacokinetic studies.

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AdvertoriAl

european Biotechnology | Autumn edition | vol. 14 | 2015

formance of GLP-compliant studies in the fields of ecotoxicology, environmental fate, physico-chemical properties and analytical chemistry.

›› IES is a Swiss GLP-certified CRO. In its state of the art laboratories they perform tailor-made environmental fate, metabolism, ecotoxicological, OPEX and analytical chemistry testing to support global development, registration and stewardship of agrochemical, pharmaceutical, biocidal and chemical products.

›› Dr. Knoell Consult GmbH is one of the leading regulator y ser vice providers worldwide. With its nine subsidiaries, Knoell is offering notification and registration services (actives and products) in the business areas of agrochemicals, biocides, industrial chemicals, product safety & compliance, cosmetic ingredients, food packaging and pharmaceuticals (e.g., veterinary pharmaceuticals and medical devices).

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tive HPLC, chiral separations and specialised purification capabilities from analytical (µg) to multi-100g scale.

›› Vivotecnia offers services to support

Know-how from 10 partners

the preclinical development of biotechnology and pharmaceutical products (general toxicology, safety pharmacology, genotox, carcinogenicity, etc.) as well as safety studies for chemical and agrochemical companies. It is specialised in large animal studies (non-human primates, dogs, mini pigs, etc.) and inhalation toxicology.

›› Selcia is one of the leading independent providers of 14C GMP radiolabelling services and produces 14C radiolabelled compounds for a global customer base encompassing both the life sciences and chemical industries. Selcia also offers GLP NMR and mass spectrometry services to support regulatory submissions, as well as analytical/prepara-

Contact Safety Alliance Hammerstr. 49 4410 Liestal, Switzerland www.safety-alliance.net info@safety-alliance.net Tel.: +41-61-906-4018 Fax: +41-61-906-4001

›› PDS Life Sciences provides the allencompassing services to get your preclinical data SEND-ready. PDS aggregates and translates data to produce SEND export files, including the Study Data Reviewer's Guide as recommended by the FDA. From assessment, to implementation, to comprehensive submission guidance, PDS is your all-in-one FDA-compliant partner for SEND.

The Minicircle Company

Minicircle & Plasmid DNA Service Customized plasmid- and minicircle-production InStock service for reporter gene plasmids and minicircle (GFP, lacZ, luc, miniS/MAR etc.) InStock service for AAV helper & packaging plasmids (e.g. pDG/pDP) Certified and reproduced quality High Quality Grade production of plasmid DNA for GMP virus & RNA productions QC including CGE service for topology analysis Stability and storage studies

PlasmidFactory.com

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Made in Germany

PlasmidFactory GmbH & Co. KG | Meisenstraße 96 | D-33607 Bielefeld | Germany | Fon ++49 521 2997350 78-79_EB_Autumn_15_Special_Advertorial_Safety-Alliance.indd 79

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Plasmid DNA as raw material adjuvant Plasmid dNa  The small circular DNA molecule is often resorted to for the production of RNA and viral

vectors for clinical gene therapy studies. › by Marco Schmeer, PlasmidFactory GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld

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At the beginning of 2011, PlasmidFactory put its own separate, dedicated production area into operation with new  laboratories to produce ultrapure plasmid DNA. To avoid cross-contamination,  only one plasmid is produced there. Parallel plasmid production does not occur  on the same premises. “The High Quality Grade Plasmid DNA is produced here  using a cell bank (RCB) created by PlasmidFactory and particularly effective patented ccc Grade technology,” explains  Martin Schleef, the company's Managing  Director. PlasmidFactory provides a variety of quality controls for the cell bank  as well as for the plasmid DNA product,  so that a product can finally be tailored  to a specific use or to the relevant regulatory requirements. Research institutes  and companies in Europe and the US use  the High Quality Grade Plasmid DNA produced in Bielefeld as a raw material or

adjuvant to produce RNA and viral vectors used in clinical studies. Since its inception in 2000, PlasmidFactory has provided industrial and academic researchers with high quality  plasmid and Minicircle DNA (circular  DNA structures without a bacterial backbone) for uses ranging from laboratory  research to clinical applications.

Successful for 15 years As a partner in the European Network of  Excellence “Clinigene”, combined valuable expertise from academic and industrial research for the clinical applications of plasmid DNA could be gained.  In this way, for example, the immunestimulating effects of genes inserted  into cells by special microarrays were  studied in collaboration with Fatima  Bosch from the Universitat Autónoma de  Barcelona. The effects of the so-called   S/MAR elements on gene expression  were studied together with Lausanne  University and the Centre National de la  Recherche Scientifique in Paris. In collaboration with the Technical University  of Munich, experiments were conducted  to develop a potential minicircle-based  vaccine for fibrosarcomas in cats. The  company Genosafe in Évry (France) determined the biodistribution of plasmid  and minicircle DNA. “Sleeping Beauty  Minicircles” were produced and tested  in various applications in close cooperation with MDC Berlin. PlasmidFactory also conducts research and works  closely with many other institutions. L

Picture: Plasmid Factory

Supervisory authorities have set particularly strict requirements on the production of RNA and viral vectors to be used  during clinical studies involving humans.  These requirements concern, for example, the purity, safety and tolerability of  each individual ingredient. Procedures analogous to the EMEA  Directive CHMP/BWP/2458/03 provide  one possibility for so-called High Quality  Grade Plasmid DNA to meet these specifications during the manufacturing process. PlasmidFactory GmbH & Co. KG in  Bielefeld has developed such a procedure. This procedure involves plasmid  DNA that is produced entirely without the  use of substances of animal origin due  to product safety. During the production  process of the product, impurities are removed as much as possible, e.g. by bacterial chromosomal DNA or damaged  plasmid forms.

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Outsourcing in process development – a case study Process DeveloPment  Innovative R&D-focused biotech companies often face challenges when it

comes to rapid transfer of a project to clinical or commercial manufacturing, finding the best formulation or validation of raw materials, bulk solutions, in-process materials, and finished product for  cGMP-compliant manufacture. Outsourcing is an option of growing interest in the biotech industry. › Dr. Claus Feussner, Senior Vice President Vetter Development Service, Vetter

ical Development and Manufacturing  Organization (CDMO), from the start  can elevate the entire drug package’s  value from development on through to  market.

Multiple delivery systems to optimise your development approach

In the perilous world of biotechnology, companies face a difficult journey. With limited budgets, failure to  reach milestone payments is a constant threat. Everything that can be  done to increase the chance of success must take precedence. Because  the focus and expertise of small biotech firms is the research and development of promising drug candidates,  they have very limited expertise and  resources in process development, in-

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cluding the choice of the right drug delivery system, packaging, and product  lifecycle management (PLM). Therefore, early and careful planning for the  future is important. Executing  a  well-defined  product  development process from the start  is the key, and affords the biotech firm  the best opportunity for creating the  most  advanced  and  complete  drug  candidate package possible. Having the  right partner, like an experienced Clin-

To illustrate how a well-defined drug  development process works, consider  a  case  histor y  involving  a  multivalent vaccine; a complex compound  that can present especially challenging issues in the early clinical development phase. All highly sensitive biologics, including vaccines, are affected by filtration  in the scale-up and filling processes.  Many require multiple complex filtration processes with key variables to  control, including fill concentration,  viscosity, and pumping pressure. In  this case, a complex, multistep filtration process had to be developed to  prevent  protein  aggregation  during  pooling, eliminate leaching of any filter  particles or extractable compounds in  final drug solution, and to maintain targeted viscosity and concentration during scale-up.  To  achieve  this  goal,  specialised  teams worked together to develop a  novel, customised process design that  delivered a high-yield, biologically potent vaccine, which was then planned

PPictures: Vetter

Multistep process to prevent protein aggregation

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for smooth scale-up from clinical to full commercial production.

Drug delivery systems The choice of the right drug delivery system is also a critical decision, given the increased complexity of today’s compounds. A variety of factors must be considered, including the compound itself and its specific environmental conditions e.g. possible adverse reaction of the drug compound to packaging material, contact packaging specifications relating to contaminant levels, and possible defects, etc. In addition, factors such as time-to-market and long-term market success following the products’ launch, also need to be considered. These include:

Pictures: Vetter

› Is the drug compatible with materials such as rubber stoppers, closure systems, and other related components? What materials are compatible for add-on systems, such as safety devices? › How much silicone can the substance endure? › Which rubber components should be used? › How does the substance behave with break-loose and glide force?

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› What washing procedures are necessary? Should sterilisation be performed? The choice of the right drug delivery system from the very start is critical and will impact the products’ lifecycle, even following expiration of the patent. This process, or PLM, is critical for addressing issues, such as market share and return on investment. For example, a company might launch a drug in a vial/diluent system and then change to an innovative enduser-friendly application system, such as a prefilled syringe, cartridge/pen, or dual chamber system to add a valuable benefit over a competitor’s product. The key to successful PLM is to create and evolve a proactive strategy for the product throughout its entire useful life, from its launch through to its long-term growth and acceptance in the market. There will never be an end to ‘perfect storms’ in the world of biotechnology and drug development. However, executing a well-defined drug development process that takes into account the proper drug delivery systems and manufacturing process, including longer term PLM strategy could be the answer to navigating the storm successfully. 

DR. CLAUS FEUSSNER is Senior Vice President of Vetter Development Service, responsible for the company’s development centres in both Ravensburg and Chicago. Dr. Feussner’s responsibilities encompass the divisions of Chemical Analysis, Process Development and Implementation, Packaging Material Development, as well as the newly created department of Innovation Management. He joined Vetter in 2010 as Vice President, Quality Control and was named Senior Vice President in September 2014.

26.08.15 12:54

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european Biotechnology | Autumn edition | vol. 14 | 2015

Manufacturing at its best CDMO  Contract Development Manufacturing (CDMO) is not only about being a key part of the bio­

pharmaceutical development, but also about feeling and understanding clients´ needs. This is how  3P Biopharmaceutical works: with a highly personalized service for each client and providing solu­ tions that go further.

3P  has  defined  a solid differen­ tial project man­ a g e m e n t  m o d ­ el based on high  flexibility and ad­ aptation capabili­ ty at any moment  to the circumstances, needs and re­ quirements of the clients. This is pos­ sible thanks to a broad reaction capac­ ity of the team that embark in every  project as a unique one.

About the company 3P Biopharmaceuticals is a European  based Contract Development Manu­ facturing Organisation (CDMO) spe­ cialised in the Pro cess Development  and GMP Manufacture of biopharma­ ceutical  and  cell  therapy  products  from early stages up to clinical and  commercial.  The  company  is  head­ quartered in Navarra, Spain, a region  well known for its large pharmaceuti­ cal tradition and for having one of the  top national universities, the Univer­ sity of Navarra.  3P  has  experience  working  with  different  expression  systems:  mi­ crobial (Escheria Coli, Saccharomy­ ces Cerevisiae, Hansenula Polymor­ pha, Pichia Pastoris) and mammalian  (CHO, BHK, HEK, Hybridomas) for the  development and manufacture of Bi­ osimilars and New Biological Entities  (NBEs) like fusion proteins, vaccines,  and  monoclonal  antibodies  among   others.  The  company  is  GMP  cer tified  by  AEMPS* for:

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››  API for clinical trials and commercial  manufacture. ››  Q C and release of medicinal prod­ ucts for clinical trials and commer­ cial manufacture. As  part  of  its  strategy  of  providing  an integral and complete bioproduc­ tion service; the company also offers  project specific customization of many  manufacturing related services, such  as process validation, stability studies,  formulation, advanced therapy servic­ es (cell therapy) and Master and Work­ ing cell bank generation, characteriza­ tion and storage.  3P is doing an important investment  not  only  in  state­of­the­fart  equip­ ments and technology but also in qual­ ified team with the incorporation of a  downstream area that will double the  current capacity for GMP DSP activ­ ity. This gives the company the con­ trol over the processes on their own  premises by minimizing outsourcing  that result in increased costs and pro­ duction time, and in a loss of control  over processes and knowledge of mol­ ecules.

Team Its human resources are the most im­ portant asset of the company. In addi­ tion to high caliber and professional  qualifications, it is the human quali­ ties of the people that make 3PBiop­ harmaceuticals the best possible envi­ ronment that works for its customers,  suppliers  and  technology  partners.  In just eight years, 3P has grown its  staff considerably and now  has 109

people at its facilities. The 3P team is  composed of highly skilled technical  professionals (over 40% hold PhDs or  Master Degrees) and advanced voca­ tional education employees that offers  the company a real capability of growth  and development. 3P boasts a multi­ cultural team made up of different na­ tionalities, such as Cuban, Moldavian,  American or Lithuanian that represent  20% of the complete team. The growth  of the team is part of a strategic plan  of consolidation to meet customers'  needs in a sector where finding expe­ rienced new employees is sometimes  difficult.

Clients 3P is a global CDMO and about 70% of  its clients are international. The com­ pany focuses on international strategy  to expand its services to new potential  markets around the world, especially  across Europe and the US. The com­ pany is in particular centered on reach­ ing FDA approval. This certification will  give 3P the solidness to enter the US  market and also access to clients that  are interested in expanding their brand  in this market. The company is work­ ing on this approval, which it expects  to reach by summer 2016. *  S panish  Medicines  and  Sanitar y  Products  Agency  (equivalent to EMA)

Contact Edurne Gil Marketing & Communications Manager Tel. + 34 984346480 Email: egil@3pbio.com

10.09.2015 9:56:43 Uhr


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Accelerating clinical studies Clinical Trials  The organisation and  coordination of multicenter Phase II  and III trials is nothing unusual for CTC  North. At least half of the clinical trials, for which the full service contract  research organisation (CRO) provides  clinical trial management services, are  initiated by non-commercial sponsors. However,  the  clinical  conduct  of  phase I trials with a non-commercial  sponsor is even unusual for CTC North.  Only two of the 29 Phase I trials conducted at the 35-bed study ward of the  CRO within the last few years, have  been Investigator-Initiated Trials (IIT).

Picture: CDC

Case study: Ebola vaccine One of them was the Ebola vaccine trial (NCT02283009), which is one of four  harmonised clinical trials conducted  within the VSV Ebola consortium (VEBCON) established by the World Health  Organization (WHO) with the VSV ZEBOV vaccine. Sponsor of the trial is the  University Medical Center HamburgEppendorf (UKE), Principal Investigator Prof. Marylyn Addo (UKE). What made the project special apart  from the “IIT-status“ were the challenging timelines. “If somebody would  have told me before that we only have  six weeks for protocol development and  regulatory approval, I would have said  that this is crazy and not feasible; but I  was proven wrong,” says Saskia Borre-

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gaard, Director Clinical Trial Management at CTC North. “Imagining the current Ebola situation in West Africa with  the increasing amount of infected patients, a lot of night shifts and most importantly a fabulous team, we managed  what seemed impossible at the beginning. It took us three weeks to develop  the protocol and compile the submission package, and within three more  weeks, we received regulatory approval”. The following week, milestones  were reached on a daily basis: ›› Monday: Site initiation visit, ›› Tuesday: Recruitment start,  ›› Wednesday: Screening start,  ››  T hursday: Arrival of the vaccine in  Hamburg,  ››  Friday: Release of study drug by the  QP.  ››  A t  the  beginning  of  the  following  week the first patient was vaccinated in Hamburg. The study began in November 2014,  and will be completed by the end of this  year. The first results, which were published in April of this year (NEJM, doi:  10.1056/NEJMoa1414216), showed antibody responses as well as mainly mildto-moderate adverse events. A Phase  II/III study is currently underway with  the VSV ZEBOV vaccine in West Africa.  Interim results published at the end  of July in L ancet (doi: 10.1016/ S01406736(15)61117-5) showed that the vaccine is highly effective and safe. L

Pichia pastoris Protein Expression Excellence Manifold expression and production strategies New dimensions – protein yields of up to 35 g/l MeOH-induced and MeOH-free processes Tailor-made glycoproteins – VTU Pichia boosting Pichia GlycoSwitch®

www.vtu-technology.com

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Value-adding perfusionbased biomanufacturing The current driver in cell culture-based manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals – increasing product yield and reducing cost – challenges the fed-batch paradigm. Because continuous processes can be conducted today in flexible single-use facilities, and because new robust and scalable cell retention devices have been developed, rational decision criteria have to be applied to choose the optimal process with respect to product quality attributes, economics and efficiency.

CONTINUOUS BIOPROCESSING

› by Prof. Dr. Roland Wagner, Rentschler Biotechnologie GmbH, Laupheim, Germany

Advanced fed-batch cell culture processes enable manufacturers to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in 10 gram per liter quantities within 14 days of cultivation. Using a sophisticated feeding strategy, cell concentrations above 2×107 mL-1 are routinely reached even in 10 m3 culture volumes. Until the millennium, these high cell concentrations were the exclusive field of continuously perfused cultivation concepts. Here cells were concentrated within the bioreactor by a cell retention device, and continuously supplied with as many

nutrients as necessary for an optimal cell growth. However, the substantial higher risk for failure during the longterm cultivation over weeks displaced a continuous operation mode from being evaluated by biopharmaceutical manufacturing companies. This process was also supported by the dominant focus on mAbs that can be robustly produced under fed-batch conditions with an acceptable quality. Today more than 70% of all biopharmaceutical proteins produced with cell culture processes are mAbs. When the patent protection for

the first generation of biopharmaceuticals expired, increased interest was aroused for participating in the market with a respective product copy. However, modern Chinese hamster ovary cellbased processes are characterised by a substantially higher efficiency, compared to the original process 20 years ago, and can therefore result in an altered product composition and quality. The high regulatory demands for these biosimilars being produced at a quality closest as possible to the original product, has forced manufacturers to re-dig into their knowledge about continuous bioprocessing. At this stage continuously perfused processes were limited to a small niche of highly complex glycoproteins, which could only be produced under quasi steady-state conditions at a constant quality.

Fig. 1: The 5-boxes guidance provides a decision diagram for easy evaluation of a fed-batch versus a continuous production process.

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Although a handful of different cell retention devices are available, only the gravity settler was considered as robust enough for being scaled-up for market production. The advantage of a near-faultless operation is loaded by a high retention time and an incomplete cell filtration resulting in a cellcontaining harvest. The development of new robust cell retention devices combining separation and filtration

Picture: Rentschler Biotechnologie

New cell retention solutions

10.09.2015 9:58:42 Uhr


Safety Alliance www.safety-alliance.net

The Safety Alliance is a strategic alliance of a selected number of high-quality, complementary small to mid-sized CROs located in Europe. It has a coordination and monitoring function for Multi-Site studies between the different CROs in order to deliver a high quality standard to our valued clients. These CROs are called Safety Alliance Partners. The Safety Alliance is a one point of access to full preclinical development and regulatory packages.

www.anapath.ch

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info@safety-alliance.net The Safety Alliance is a dedicated department installed at AnaPath GmbH / AnaPath Services GmbH to ensure the coordination activities of the Safety Alliance. AnaPath GmbH / AnaPath Services GmbH – Switzerland, registered with company numbers of CH-241.4.004.914-4 and CH-280.4.016.373-6. info@anapath.ch - www.anapath.ch

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Next-gen capsules

revealed a microfiltration module that prevents membrane clogging by an alternating tangential flow (ATF). It has been shown as robust and scalable in several processes up to 1,000 L process volume even in single use bioreactor concepts, which is one pillar of Rentschler’s manufacturing capability (Fig. 2).

Evaluating fed-batch versus continuous perfusion processes Today, the availability of approved cell retention systems offers manufacturers the possibility to evaluate alternative process technologies with respect to economy and efficiency. Figure 1 shows a clear 5-boxes guidance which simplifies the decision process. An inevitable prerequisite for a continuous process is a long-term stability of the cell line (first box). Degradation of the protein product – e.g. by proteolytic activities (second box) during extended exposure in a fed-batch process – can be prevented by a continuously perfused operation. Cells can secrete inhibitors, which accumulate in batch processes, or feed medium components can reach inhibitory concentrations which affect cell growth and productivity such that a fed-bath process is unsuitable (third box). When

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a process is characterised by robustness with a high cellular growth rate and high productivity, a fed-batch process can be performed in a comparably short time period (fourth box). The last box refers to the product quality. When a suitable quality can only be obtained under constant environmental production conditions, a continuous process is without any alternative. In conclusion, there is no fundamental philosophy but an imperative necessity that put pressure on manufacturers to decide on a continuously perfused production process. The far-reaching evaluation should be based on a rational decision strategy covering aspects of product quality and process economy as well as sustainability. Although various cell retention systems using centrifugation, filtration, settling, acoustic, hydrodynamics as well as entrapment and immurement techniques are available, tangential flow filtration is increasingly accepted when processes touch the production scale. The product costs per gram are in the same range when comparing a 14day 10,000 L fed-batch process with 23 batches over the year with a 40-day 1,000 L continuously perfused cultivation comprising 30 harvests and eight yearly batches. L

Sartobind® membrane adsorbers: the new design of capsules enables higher binding capacities and reduced void volumes

applications,” commented Dr. FischerFrühholz, membrane chromatography expert at Sartorius. Furthermore, Sartorius Stedim Biotech has added new 400 ml and 800 ml Sartobind Q, S and Phenyl capsules with an 8 mm bed height to its portfolio. The optimised capsules increase dynamic binding capacity up to 48% when compared to adsorbers installed in filter housings. ConTaCT Sartorius Stedim Biotech Göttingen, Germany Tel.: +49-551-308-2967 Fax: +49-551-308-3289 info@sartorius-stedim.com www.sartorius.com

Pictures: Rentschler Biotechnologie (left), Sartorius Stedim Biotech (right)

Fig. 2: The 1,000 L continuously perfused single-use production bioreactor system can be connected to an alternating tangential flow filtration cell separation device.

Sartorius The Göttingen-based provider of cutting-edge bioprocess products and services has redesigned its Sartobind membrane adsorber capsules to offer higher binding capacities, reduced void volumes, less buffer consumption and lower operational costs. “Traditionally, membrane adsorbers have been using available filter housings, often ignoring chromatographic process parameters, such as backmixing effects and elution volumes. The next generation membrane adsorber capsules takes these specific requirements into account and reflects substantial progress for bind and elute

10.09.2015 9:58:48 Uhr


SPECIAL

European Biotechnology | Autumn Edition | Vol. 14 | 2015

89

The key to EDC efficiency and effective eCRF design OPIS responds to the latest industry requirements in electronic data capture (EDC) with CLINICAL.NET version 3.0. CLINICAL TRIALS

› by Fabio Renna, Opis s.r.l, Desio, Italy Information Technology is transforming the clinical research industry and clinical trial execution has long moved away from paper-based processes. Today, electronic data capture (EDC), mobile, social, cloud and big data are revolutionising the business. These technologies have led to the development of increasingly sophisticated medical devices, they have reshaped

the collection of clinical research data processes and they have allowed for more responsive trial design, alternative monitoring possibilities and real time data processing.

Clinical.net study portal The OPIS clinical IT team have just released version 3.0 of the CLINI-

CAL.NET Study por tal. It is an upgrade from the previous version 2.0 and Clinical IT Manager, Fabio Renna and Head of Systems Development, Salvatore Scarciglia explain that the new version is the fruit of intelligent design stemming from the latest developments and trends in the industry. Encouraging innovation undeniably helps to unlock potential in the ad-

Let Us Enrich Your Research … Get well off the ground at the very beginning by having access to robust DNA / RNA isolation techniques for any kind of cell & tissue sources

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Interested? Please contact Dr. Christoph Grünig | Head of Contract Research christoph.gruenig@microsynth.ch | + 41 71 726 12 55

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Schützenstrasse 15 | 9436 Balgach | Switzerland + 41 71 722 83 33 | www.microsynth.ch

11.09.2015 10:26:41 Uhr


SPECIAL

vancement of medical research but it remains a daunting task for IT developers and system analysts. Not only do they need to satisfy increasing demand from Sponsors and Regulatory bodies to ensure data authenticity and compliance with stricter data protection regulations, they also need to facilitate the importation, integration and elaboration of more data, more frequently, anywhere, anytime and on any device. OPIS has found the key to successful electronic Case Report Form (eCRF) design: doing it in-house makes all the difference; it is faster, it is cheaper and above all, the fact that there is no dependency on external software suppliers or commercial clinical software, means that OPIS provide its clients with extremely customisable solutions.

Seamless single-source service A highly specialised, in-house Clinical IT team collaborates closely with the OPIS Medical, Biometrics and Quality departments to streamline all processes of clinical software development. Protocol design, user requirements, functionality specifications and validation requirements are tailored to suit Sponsor and Regulator y specifications to a T. The OPIS

European Biotechnology | Autumn Edition | Vol. 14 | 2015

team guarantees an average time of ten days to create a ready-to-launch platform that needs only collection of study specific data. The system is module-based and any additional modules can be added at a later stage. Removing modules and upgrading the system are painless and can be done when need arises. Version 3.0 is fully FDA 21 CFR part11 compliant, web-based and able to interface with validated systems of Sponsors, central laboratories, Imaging providers and even mobile and wearable devices. Version 3.0 was designed to integrate and facilitate e-Data Capture and e-Imaging frequently required by treatments based on NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technologies for example. Added modules for eSAE and

protocol deviation allow for immediate data processing and an embedded IWRS ensures proper online randomization and drug supply management. Another attractive aspect of the upgraded version is improved user experience. CLINICAL.NET 3.0 is extremely user-friendly and the need for extensive training in how to use the platform is greatly reduced. Status of elaborated data is easily extractable as reports or graphs and feedback and alerts e.g. about new randomisation, SAE or clinical worsening, are communicated via email. All communication goes through the server and no other forms of communication is necessary.

Conclusion In short, EDC efďŹ ciency for OPIS means putting into place processes that streamline data collection and data cleaning, facilitate monitoring, query reporting, guarantee data access in real time, and ensure compliance with FDA guidelines and Sponsor SOPs. A highly skilled team, proper management of resources and respecting timelines guarantee value, a cut above the rest. For more information about OPIS and it s ser vices, please visit our website www.opis.it or contact fabio. renna@opis.it. î Œ

OPIS CLINICAL.NET 3.0 : a Customisable platform with user-friendly modules for unimpeded EDC

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Pictures: Centers of Disease Control

90

10.09.2015 12:42:39 Uhr


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A CMO perspective on in-vitro testing of biosimilars In-vitro studies gain high recognition in the authorisation package for biosimilars. They define the extent of in-vivo studies required both in the antibody biosimilar guideline released by the EMA three years ago, and in this year’s FDA guideline for biosimilars.

CONTRACT DEVELOPMENT & MANUFACTURING

As early as in 1998, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) started to discuss guidelines for “comparability of biotechnology-derived products”, later designated as “biosimilars”. Besides those referring to general quality aspects, a portfolio of guidelines for specific products was issued in the following years. Because of this and viewed from a global perspective, the EMA became a regulatory pioneer in the field of biosimilars. In the US, for example, this process took significantly longer. It wasn’t until April 2015 that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued their guidelines for demonstrating the biosimilarity of therapeutic proteins[1, 2]. Although EMA was the first to start regulating the biosimilar field, it took until June 2012 before the authority pubA

lished the requirements for therapeutic antibodies, one of the most important classes of biologicals. The draft was adopted by the Committee for Medical Products for Human Use (CHMP) and came into effect in December 2012 [3]. Meanwhile, many other regulated markets have followed this model with comparable guidelines. As a result of this, the non-clinical part has gained higher recognition, with a focus on in-vitro studies since these are regarded as more specific and sensitive than in-vivo studies in animals. The results of the invitro studies also define if, or to what extent in-vivo studies will be required. The first in-vitro studies should be conducted in an early phase of development because they will already give details about the properties of the mol-

ecule, e.g. in respect of its biologic activity and its immunological properties. Based on these data, the future quality limits may be set and the decision for the optimal host cell line and the most suitable process parameters will be facilitated. Although they are often time-consuming and laborious, in-vitro studies can prevent project delays and, thus financial loss if the final product does not match the originator product, or if later clinical studies fail due to non-matching biosimilarity. Therefore, it is vital to select a development partner (CMO) who is experienced to carry out, optimise and validate the required assays along the cell line and process development, up to GMP manufacturing for clinical trials supplies. The assays have to be com-

B

C

Dose-response curves derived from a TNF-α neutralising assay in the course of an adalimumab biosimilar development at ProBioGen. The three diagrams show the raw dataset (A), an unrestricted (B) and a restricted (C) curve fit derived from PLA 3.0 software.

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Pictures: VTU Technology

› by Christian Demmler and Christoph Giese, Bioassay Group, ProBioGen AG, Berlin, Germany

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parative in nature and an appropriate number of originator batches must be sourced to confirm the future specification limits of the biosimilar, at best on a statistical base. The guideline on “Similar Biological Medicinal Products Containing Biotechnology-derived Proteins …”[4] is more specific regarding the number of originator batches needed. It states that this is dependent on batch-to-batch variances with numbers between 10 and 30 seen in the industry, and is also dependent on the availability of batches and their intended geographical markets.

Classification of MoAs The mechanisms of action (MoA) of antibodies can be classified into Faband Fc-associated ones and they can be typically divided into three groups comprising (evoking) cell killing, blocking/activation or neutralisation of soluble factors. A list of respective assays is mentioned in the guideline in order

European Biotechnology | Autumn Edition | Vol. 14 | 2015

to assess the differences between the biosimilar and the reference product. These assays can be divided into binding and functional assays and include: ›› Binding to the target antigen ›› Binding to all Fc receptors, FcRn and complement ›› Fab-associated functions (e.g. neutralisation, receptor activation/ blockade) ›› Fc-associated functions (ADCC and CDC assays, complement activation). The assays should be conducted in a full set, even though some may not be considered necessary for the proposed MoA. This is especially relevant for antibodies which neutralise soluble factors or block or activate cell-bound antigens such as receptors. In the latter case, it should be demonstrated that cell killing is not mediated by the antibody or by receptor-bound antigen-antibody complexes. Early establishment and qualification of such assays for the establishment of equivalence margins is crucial in bi-

Sartorius’ tech for GE brands German-French bioprocessing supplier Sartorius Stedim Biotech from Göttingen, and GE Healthcare’s USbased Life Sciences business entered into a worldwide OEM supply agreement at the beginning of September. Sartorius will manufacture membrane adsorbers based on its Sartobind technol-

ogy. GE will market the products as part of its “ReadyToProcess” product offerings. Membrane adsorber ion-exchange technology is widely used in the industry for the removal of contaminants such as endotoxins and viruses during the production of protein-based drugs. Financial terms were not disclosed. L

Sartorius Stedim Biotech's production site in Aubagne, France

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osimilar development and these assays must be optimised in order to generate meaningful datasets. Functional and binding assays have gained more focus due to the detailed guidance by the EMA and can be regarded as a cornerstone during biosimilar development. L

References [1] Quality Considerations in Demonstrating Biosimilarity to a Reference Protein Product; April 2015. www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidance complianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/ ucm291134.pdf [2] Scientific Considerations in Demonstrating Biosimilarity to a Reference Product; April 2015. www.fda.gov/downloads/DrugsGuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ UCM291128.pdf [3] Guideline on Similar Biological Medicinal Products Containing Monoclonal Antibodies – Nonclinical and Clinical Issues; May 30, 2012. www. ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/ Scientific_guideline/2012/06/WC500128686.pdf [4] Guideline on similar biological medicinal products containing biotechnology derived proteins as active substance: non-clinical and clinical issues; Dec. 18, 2014. www.ema.europa. eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2015/01/WC500180219.pdf

Going Nuclear Danish Novo Nordisk decided at the end of August to build up API manufacturing capabilities in the US. The drugmaker plans to invest up to $2bn to build both a new plant in Clayton, North Carolina – in the neighbourhood of an existing plant – and to expand a finished product site in Måløv, Denmark. “The US is by far our largest market,” said Katrine Rud von Sperling, Spokeswoman of Novo. When the new facility becomes operational in 2020, it will focus solely on producing finished API from raw material shipped to the site. A large proportion of staff employed in Clayton have military backgrounds. The reason: according to a Novo spokesperson the veterans’ familiarity with strict military rules is an ideal preparation for working in the regulated pharmaceutical industry, citing veterans with aviation experience and those who have served on nuclear submarines, as particularly well suited. L

Picture: Sartorius

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