CONSTITUTION BY-LAWS
AMENDED 2026
What is BAGWIS?
BAGWIS is the official student publication of the Mindanao State University-General Santos. Established on June 1, 1979, it functions as an autonomous student media organization committed to the responsible practice of journalism within the academic community.
As a student publication,BAGWIS serves as a platform forinformation dissemination and student expression, providing timely, relevant, and factual content concerning university affairs, as well as national and local issues that affect the broader community. It operates in accordance with the principles of press freedom, editorial independence, accountability, and ethical journalism.
Throughout its existence, BAGWIS has been composed of student writers, editors, photographers, layout artists, and other contributors across its departments who undergo continuous formation and training in journalistic standards and practices. Through these efforts, the publication fulfills its role not only as a medium of information but also as a training ground for student journalists.
BAGWIS produces critical and analytical articles across various levels of discourse, including university, local, and national issues, with the aim of fostering informed understanding and meaningful public engagement within and beyond the academic community.
Guided by its mantra,“Amplifying Voices, Defending Freedom, Publishing Truth,” BAGWIS upholds its commitment to responsible journalism that reflects diverse perspectives while maintaining fairness, accuracy, and integrity in reporting.
As it continues its operations, BAGWIS remains grounded in its mandate to serve the university through principled journalism and responsible student leadership in media. It stands as a continuing institution that reflects the voice, experiences, and aspirations of the studentry of Mindanao State University-General Santos.
FOREWORD
The Constitution and By-Laws (CBL) of BAGWIS was crafted to serve as the guiding foundation of the organization in upholding responsible, truthful, and transformative campus journalism. Rooted in the principles of integrity, excellence, accountability, and service, this document embodies the collective vision and commitment of the publication in fostering a community of student-journalists dedicated to amplifying voices, defending freedom, and publishing the truth.
As journalism continues to evolve in the midst of changing social landscapes and emerging challenges, the need for a clear and responsive framework becomes increasingly essential. This Constitution and By-Laws establishes the policies, structure, duties, and standards that shall govern the organization and its members, ensuring that Bagwis remains steadfast in its mission of delivering factual, ethical, and relevant information to the community it serves.
Beyond being a governing document, this CBL reflects the publication’s dedication to nurturing discipline, collaboration, creativity, and professionalism among its members. It aims to provide direction in decision-making, strengthen organizational unity, and encourage every staff member to contribute meaningfully to the pursuit of fearless and principled journalism. Moreover, it serves as a framework that upholds transparency, accountability, and fairness within the organization, ensuring that every member understands both their responsibilities and rights as part ofthe publication.Through this document, Bagwis seeks to cultivate an environment that values critical thinking, ethical leadership, and mutual respect among its staffers. More than a set of policies, this CBL stands as a reflection of the publication’s enduring commitment to responsible campus journalism and service to the community.
This revised Constitution and By-Laws stands not only as a symbol of organizational order, but also as a testament to BAGWIS’ continuing commitment to growth, inclusivity, and journalistic excellence. May this document guide both present and future generations of Bagwis staffers in carrying the responsibility of campus journalism with honor, competence, and unwavering integrity. As the publication continues to evolve alongside the changing landscape of media and communication, this CBL shall remain a steadfast foundation that preserves the values and principles upon which Bagwis was built. It serves as a reminder that journalism is not merely a craft, but a responsibility to seek the truth, amplify marginalized voices, and uphold the public’s right to information. Through unity, dedication, and ethical practice, may every member of Bagwis continue to embody the spirit of service and fearless journalism in pursuit of meaningful and transformative storytelling.
Amplifying voices. Defending Freedom. Publishing Truth.
PREAMBLE
We, the editors, writers, and staff of BAGWIS, the official student publication of Mindanao State University–General Santos, recognizing the vital role of a free and responsible campus press in shaping an informed and empowered student body; guided by the University’s core values, vision, and mission; and adhering faithfully to Republic Act No. 7079, or the Campus Journalism Act of 1991;
Do hereby solemnly resolve to uphold the highest standards of ethical journalism, to serve as the independent voice of the student body, and to ensure protection of press freedom.
Therefore, ordain and promulgate this Constitution and By-Laws, so that BAGWIS shall stand as a steadfast beacon of truth and transformative service within and beyond the University.
ARTICLE I
General Provisions
BAGWIS shall be the official student publication of Mindanao State University–General Santos.
The Publication shall serve as a medium of expression for the students, represent their character, interests, and aspirations, and foster awareness and engagement within the academic community.
The Publication shall be domiciled on the campus of Mindanao State University–General Santos, Brgy. Fatima, General Santos City.
For purposes of clarity in this Constitution, the following terms shall be defined as follows:
“Publication” shall refer to BAGWIS;
“Editorial Board and Staff” shall refer to the collective body of all members of the Publication;
“Editorial Board” shall refer to the governing body composed of the Executive Board and the Department Editors, responsible for policymaking and editorial direction;
“Executive Board”shall refertothe officerswho headthe publication and oversee its overall operations and management;
“Department Editors” shall refer to the head of a specific department of a specific department responsibleformanaging staffand outputswithin anan assigned section
“Publication Staff” shall refer to members who have completed training and are officially assigned to a department;
“Management Staff” shall refer to committee members under the supervision of the Executive Board who assist with administrative operations;
“Trainee” shall refer to an individual undergoing training and evaluation for official membership in the Publication; for official membership in the Publication;
“University” shall refer to Mindanao State University–General Santos;
“Simple Majority” shall refer to fifty percent plus one of the total voting members; and
“Absolute Majority” shall refer to two-thirds ofthe total voting members.
The Publication shall adopt and maintain an official emblem symbolizing its identity and ideals. This emblem, together with official identifiers such as letterheads, templates, and publication marks, shall be utilized in all official documents, outputs, and correspondence. The use and reproduction of these identifiers shall be governed by this Constitution, its By-Laws, and the internal policies of the Publication.
All official visual and multimedia outputs shall bear appropriate watermarks or publication marks to establish authenticity and ownership including but not limited to:
Photographs; Videos; Illustrations; and Cartoons.
The Publication shall operate through print, digital, broadcast, and other emerging media platforms. These official channels shall include social media and content-sharing platforms, provided that the Editorial Board shall determine the specific platforms for official use.
The Publication shall publish content in English, Filipino, and other languages as deemed appropriate by the Editorial Board.
The Publication shall establish an internal digital repository and preserve, organize, store, and manage its multimedia outputs, templates, and official documents and records. Access to and administration of this repository shall be regulated by the Editorial Board.
ARTICLE II
Declaration of Policies and Principles
The Publication shall be an independent organization of studentjournalists of Mindanao State University–General Santos.
The Publication shall adhere to the provisions of Republic Act No. 7079, otherwise known as the Campus Journalism Act of 1991.
The Publication shall promote the development ofcampus journalism to strengthen ethical values, encourage critical and creative thinking, and cultivate moral character and personal discipline among the Filipino youth.
The Publication shall uphold and protect the freedom of the press.
The Publication shall exercise the right to responsibly investigate and report on all matters of legitimate concern to the student body and the broader community.
The Publication shall maintain a proactive role in the combat against disinformation through rigorous fact-checking and the promotion of media literacy across all platforms.
The Publication shall adhere to the highest standards of accuracy. Any erroneous information published shall be rectified immediately, transparently, and adequately.
The Publication shall serve as the primary platform for information and expression of the student body, providing coverage of the University’s academic and administrative landscape and external social issues to foster social awareness and creative output.
No member ofthe Publication shall act based on their personal, political, or religious interests that may compromise the fairness and accuracy of the Publication’s work.
ARTICLE III
Editorial Board Composition
Section 1
2
The Editorial Board shall be the highest policy-making body of the Publication. It shall be composed of the Executive Board and the Department Editors, selected through a merit-based and transparent process to ensure competence, integrity, and a commitment to the Publication’s mandate.
The Publication shall adhere to the provisions of Republic Act No. 7079, otherwise known as the Campus Journalism Act of 1991.
Editor-in-Chief. As the chief executive and principal representative, the Editor-in-Chief shall exercise overall supervision over editorial and administrative operations, hold final authority over all content, preside over meetings, and ensure strict compliance with journalistic ethics and university policies.
Associate Editor.Asthe principal deputy,theAssociate Editorshall assist in overseeing editorial workflows, refine content for adherence to editorial standards, supervise section editors, and assume the duties of the Editor-in-Chief in their absence or upon designation.
Managing Editor. The Managing Editor shall oversee administrative and production logistics,includingthe management ofproductiontimelines, coordination of content submission schedules, and the maintenance of internal documentation and workflow efficiency.
Circulation Manager. The Circulation Manager shall be responsible for the dissemination of materials, developing strategies for both print and digital distribution, maintaining readership engagement data, and expanding the Publication’s reach within the community.
PropertyCustodian.The PropertyCustodian shall be accountable forthe inventory and safekeeping of all Publication assets, ensuring the proper storage and maintenance of equipment and facilitating the authorized issuance and return of properties.
Social Media Manager. The Social Media Manager shall oversee the Publication’s digital presence,curating content across official platforms, monitoring audience analytics, and ensuring that all digital engagement reflects the branding and ethical standards of the Publication
Human Resource Manager.The Human Resource Managershall manage personnel welfare and organizational development, facilitating recruitment and onboarding, maintaining membership records, and fostering a professional and inclusive working environment.
The Editorial Board may establish permanent Management Staff under the supervision of the respective Executive Board officers to handle specific areas of management, or create ad hoc committees as necessary. Such committees shall consist of no more than two (2) senior members and two (2) junior members.
The Department Editors shall consist of but not limited to the following positions:
News Editor.Theyshall oversee news coverage and ensure all reports are verified, balanced, and ethically sound;
Opinion Editor. They shall lead the development of opinion pieces and the publication’s institutional voice;
Feature and Literary Editor. They shall manage long-form and humaninterest stories, maintaining creativity, strong narrative quality, and audience engagement;
Sports Editor. They shall cover sports-related developments with a commitment to fairness, accuracy, and relevance in reporting;
Science and Technology Editor. They shall ensure the accuracy and accessibility of complex scientific information;
Head Photojournalist. They shall supervise visual documentation and ensure adherence to ethical photojournalism;
Head Videojournalist. They shall produce and multimedia content, upholding technical quality and storytelling;
Head Cartoonist. They shall create editorial cartoons that reflect creativity and responsible expression;
Layout Director. They shall design publication materials with emphasis on clarity, consistency, and visual appeal across all formats; and
Broadcast Media Director. They shall manage broadcast and audiovisual content, ensuring clarity, professionalism, and accuracy in all outputs.
Each department shall be composed of senior members, junior members, and trainees. The specific recruitment quotas and membership requirements for each department shall be determined and reviewed annually by the Editorial Board.
The Editorial Board may restructure, merge, or establish new staff positions to ensure operational relevance within a shifting media landscape. These actions are subject to an absolute majority vote and shall be formally documented as an amendment to the Internal Rules, provided they do not infringe upon the publication’s fundamental mandate.
ARTICLE IV
Qualifications of the Editorial Board
Section 1
Section 2
Principles of Selection. The selection of the Editorial Board shall be guided by the principles of merit, integrity, competence, and commitment to the Publication's mandate and service to the student body.
Qualification. All applicants shall be subject to screening based on the following qualifications:
Must be a bona fide undergraduate student of the University;
Must be of proven probity and integrity, with no prior disciplinary charges as certified by the Office of Student Development Services;
Must have maintained a passing grade in all currently enrolled subjects;
Must possess strong leadership background and experience within and outside the Publication;
Must have completed at least one (1) year of residency as a member of the Publication; and
Must not hold any of the following positions:
Any position within the Supreme Student Council (SSC);
Executive positions in College or Department Organizations;
Executive positions in any other Publication within the University; and
Appointed or elected official positions at the local or provincial level.
Section 3
A B
Editor-in-Chief. The Editor-in-Chief shall be the highest governing and editorial authorityofthe Publication,entrustedwiththe overall direction, integrity, and management of editorial operations. An applicant for the position shall:
Have held an editorial position within the organization;
Pass the oral interview, aptitude, and capability test administered by the Selection Committee;
C
D
Demonstrate strong editorial judgement and the ability to oversee content development across all sections; and
Possess a thorough knowledge of and commitment to the principles, objectives, and ethical standards of the Publication.
Associate Editor. An applicant must demonstrate superior editorial judgment and the leadership capacity to refine content for clarity, coherence, and accuracy. Qualification requires the proven ability to oversee multi-section operations and the readiness to assume the Editor-in-Chief’s mandate, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the Publication’s editorial identity.
Managing Editor.An applicant should preferably be enrolled in Business, Accountancy,or allied fields,or otherwise demonstrate proven expertise in financial management,resource allocation,and fiscal documentation. They must possess proficiency in financial reporting and spreadsheet applications, alongside a proven commitment to transparency and accountability in asset management.
Circulation Manager. An applicant must demonstrate proficiency in logistics and distribution strategies for both print and digital platforms. Candidates should preferably have held a secretariat position or similar administrative role, possessing the organizational aptitude required to manage complex dissemination networks and audience reach.
Property Custodian. An applicant for Property Custodian must possess skills and experience in asset management, demonstrate proficiency in inventory tracking and record-keeping, and maintain accurate records of all organizational properties and assets.
Human Resources Manager. An applicant shall preferably be enrolled in a program related to Human Resource Management or possess equivalent experience in personnel administration and recruitment. Essential qualifications include mastery of internal workflow management, the ability to maintain staff confidentiality, and proficiency in membership data systems.
Social Media Manager. An applicant should preferably be enrolled in InformationTechnologyoralliedfields,orotherwise demonstrate proven expertise in digital content creation and platform analytics.Qualification requires a sophisticated understanding ofaudience engagement trends and the technical ability to manage a professional digital presence.
Department Editors. An applicant must demonstrate specialized technical proficiency and creative expertise in their respective editorial field. Beyond passing the prescribed aptitude tests and oral interviews, candidates must possess a portfolio or body of work that reflects the high ethical and aesthetic standards of the Publication.
ARTICLE V
The Consultants
Section 1
Section 2 Composition. The publication shall have two (2) Consultants composed of an Administrative Consultant and a Fiscal Consultant.
Duties and Functions. The Consultants shall provide guidance and support to the Executive Board in accordance with their respective qualifications and expertise. Specifically, the consultants shall:
Provide professional, technical, and advisory guidance regarding administrative, operational, or financial matters;
Assist the Executive Board in ensuring that operations and activities comply with University policies, ethical standards, and applicable laws;
Review and recommend improvements for administrative procedures, financial planning, and resource management;
Counselthe Editorial Board onthe interpretation and implementation of this Constitution and By-Laws as they relate to advisory functions;
Monitor the lawful use of Publication funds to ensure transparency and compliance with University fiscal regulations; and
Serve as chaperones for official external activities to ensure the safety and proper conduct of the Publication's representatives.
Qualifications of the Administrative Consultant. An applicant for the position of Administrative Consultant shall meet the following requirements: Section 3
Must be a faculty member of the University;
Must possess expertise in administration, organizational management, or policy implementation;
Must have proven experience in supervising institutional processes; and
Must demonstrate a commitment to the publication's independence.
Qualifications of the Fiscal Consultant. An applicant for the position of Fiscal Consultant shall meet the following requirements:
Must be a faculty member ofthe College ofBusinessAdministration and Accountancy;
Must possess expertise in accounting, public finance, business management;
Must have competence in financial administration, budgeting, or resource management; and
Must uphold integrity, accountability, and commitment to the proper and lawful use of Publication’s funds.
Appointment. The Consultants shall be appointed upon the recommendation of the Editorial Board. Each department may recommend qualified faculty members for consideration. The Editorial Board shall review the recommendations and shall issue an invitation to the potential consultants.No person shall assume the role ofConsultant without submitting a written Letter of Intent to accept the position and a formal Letter of Commitment to uphold the independence, integrity, and proper functioning of the Publication.
Scope of Authority. The Consultants shall act strictly in an advisory capacity. Final authority over editorial policies, content, and publication decisions shall remain with the Editorial Board, in accordance with the editorial independence guaranteed by the Campus Journalism Act of 1991.
Tenure. The consultants shall hold office for a term of one (1) academic year. This term may be terminated prior to expiration upon an absolute majority vote of the Editorial Board and Staff, provided that such termination is supported byvalid documentation justifying the action.
Section
Section 6
Section 7
ARTICLE VI
Membership and Recruitment
Section 1
Section 2
Membership in the Publication shall be open to students who meet the following criteria:
Must be a bona fide undergraduate student of the Mindanao State University–General Santos;
Must be in their first, second, or third year of study at the time of application;
Must have no record of major disciplinary offenses as certified by the Office of Student Development Services;
Must signify a formal commitment to undergo all prescribed training, workshops, and performance evaluations; and
Must demonstrate a strong interest and commitment in journalism, writing, multimedia, or related fields.
The formal recruitment ofmembers shall be conducted at the beginning of the academic year or at the discretion of the Editorial Board. The Human Resource Manager shall be responsible for the standardization of screening procedures, examinations, and interviews.
Section 3
4
Successful applicants shall be designated as Trainees and must complete a mandatory training period of one (1) academic year, during which they must fulfill the following requirements:
Complete all prescribed trainings, workshops, and activities;
B C Successfully conceptualize, manage, and execute a Batch Project as a prerequisite for promotion; and
Activelycontributetothe Publication’s regulareditorial oradministrative outputs.
Membership is not permanent and shall be subject to annual renewal and performance-based progression. The process shall be governed by the following:
A B Must be a faculty member of the University;
Must possess expertise in administration, organizational management, or policy implementation;
Section
Section 5
Must have proven experience in supervising institutional processes; and
Must demonstrate a commitment to the publication's independence.
Qualifications of the Fiscal Consultant. An applicant for the position of Fiscal Consultant shall meet the following requirements:
All members must undergo a deliberate evaluation by the Executive Board at the end of each academic year to determine eligibility for the succeeding term.
Members shall progress from Trainee to Junior Staff, and subsequently to Senior Staff, based on years of service and the results of the annual performance evaluation.
Promotion to Junior or Senior status shall be contingent upon a satisfactory evaluation of competence, consistency in output, and adherence to the Publication’s ethical standards.
No member shall exercise the rights and privileges of their position unless and until they have taken the Oath of Membership during the official Turnover Event at the end of the academic year. Newly accepted members shall take their oath immediately upon acceptance.
6
Applicants who fail to complete the recruitment due to valid, documented reasons (e.g., health or emergencies) may be allowed to reapply forthe next opening of applications. Such cases shall be subject to the review and absolute approval of the Editorial Board.
Section
ARTICLE VII
Training and Staff Development
The Publication shall maintain a comprehensive and continuous Member Development Program (MDP) designed to ensure technical competence, ethical grounding, and professional growth, thereby securing the sustainability and excellence of the Publication.
To uphold the editorial integrity and organizational performance, The Member Development Program (MDP) shall consist of the following components:
A B
Core Training. Refers to formal sessions conducted through seminars, workshops, or bootcamps designed to establish foundational competencies in writing, editing, ethics and media literacy;
Modular or Continuous Training. Refers to practice-based learning embedded within operations, including editorial critiques, writing drills, simulations,and production meetings,to ensure the refinement ofskills; and
Specialized Training. Refers to targeted, role-specific, and advanced learning interventions designed to develop technical expertise, leadership capacity, and external opportunities.
The Publication shall promote participation in external seminars, workshops, and competitions as part of continuous member development. Such participation shall be subject to the approval of the Editorial Board; members representing the Publication shall uphold professionalism, ethical standards, and the reputation of the organization at all times.
A Trainee must satisfactorily complete the Batch Project; provided that such completion shall not, by itself, entitle the Trainee to promotion, which remains subject to the evaluation of the Editorial Board.
The Batch Project shall be required, collective, and culminating undertaking for every batch of Trainees. It shall serve as the primary mechanism for Trainees to demonstrate their readiness to function as regular members of the Publication.
Each Batch Project shall be identified by its corresponding batch designation or title.The project shall maintain a clear journalistic nature, ensuring that all initiatives result in a tangible journalistic output.
Trainees who fail to meet the standards set by the criteria in the MDP for the Batch Project may be subject to remediation, reassignment, extension of trainee status or non-advancement, as determined by the Editorial Board.
The specific processes, guidelines, and evaluation procedures governing the Batch Project shall be prescribed under the Member Development Plan and other official issuances of the Editorial Board.
The Publication shall implement a systematic evaluation process to assess member contribution and program effectiveness. Performance results shall be used as the basis for organizational decisions, including honoraria, promotion, leadership selection, and disciplinary action.
The Editorial Board shall determine the design, schedule, and format of all training activities to ensure alignment with the standards of the Publication.
ARTICLE VIII
Tenure and Editorial Leave
Section 1
2
Section 3
The term of office for all members of the Editorial Board and Staff shall coincide with one (1) academic year, including the summer term when applicable.
At the end of each academic term or at such time as may be required by the publication, members shall reaffirm their membership status through signing a renewal of commitment and oath-taking during the turnover ceremony. However, failure to enroll or a dismissal from the university may result in an automatic vacancy of the position unless otherwise appealed by the party through justified grounds.
University Leave of Absence. Any member of the Publication who is granted a UniversityLeave ofAbsence (LOA) shall be deemed on inactive statuswithinthe Publication forthe duration ofsuch leave and untiltheir official return to the University, subject to the following conditions:
A They shall forfeit their right to vote in Board decisions and shall not receive honoraria or stipends for the duration of their absence.
They shall not be assigned any editorial, administrative, or production responsibilities during the period of their LOA.
A letter of intent to resume duties must be submitted to the Executive Board at least seven (7) working days prior to the expiration of the LOA.
Failure to return after the approved period, or an unnotified absence extending through the production of one (1) full issue, shall be grounds for termination of membership and be required to undergo proper action under this Constitution.
Section 4
Editorial Leave. An Editorial Leave is a temporarily authorized absence from official publication duties, grounded on valid personal, academic, or health-related reasons.
A B Entitlement and Limits. All members are entitled to a maximum of fourteen (14) working days of editorial leave per semester. Unused leave shall not be carried over to the succeeding term. The Executive Board may waive this limit for major University-wide events or exceptional circumstances.
Mandatory Requirements. No leave shall be granted without a formal Letter of Intent and, in the case of staff members, a formal endorsement from their respective Department Head.
Authority to Approve. The Executive Board shall have the sole authority to approve or reject leave applications based on the recommendation of the Human Resource Manager. Applications must be reviewed within one (1) week. Unless an absolute majority ofthe Executive Board objects, the leave shall be deemed approved.
Emergency Leave. In cases of medical emergency or bereavement, the formal application process may be bypassed temporarily, provided that The Human Resource Manager is notified within 24 hours.
Implementing Rules and Regulations. Matters pertaining to specific procedures, detailed guidelines, limitations, and implementation mechanisms not expressly provided in this Constitution shall be governed by the Implementing Rules and Regulations.
Section 5 Action on Leave Applications. Applications for Editorial Leave shall be reviewed within one (1) week by the Editorial Board. Unless an absolute majority thereof objects within the review period, the leave shall be deemed approved. During the approved leave, a temporary replacement may be designated to ensure operational continuity.
Section 6
Section 7
TemporaryVacancy.Avacancy shall be deemed temporarywhen it arises from approved leave, temporary incapacity, or any cause where the incumbent is expected to return. In such case, the following grounds must be adhered to:
Editor-in-Chief. The Associate Editor shall automatically assume the duties of the Editor-in-Chief. No two positions shall be on leave concurrently.
Other Executive Positions. The primary officer shall appoint a senior management staff member from their respective committee to serve in an acting capacity.
Departmental Positions. The Department Editor shall appoint a senior staff member from within the department to serve in an acting capacity.
Sudden Permanent Vacancy. A vacancy shall be deemed permanent when it arises from resignation, disqualification, expulsion, or any cause that permanently prevents the incumbent from resuming office. In such case, the following grounds must be adhered to: A
Editor-in-Chief. The Associate Editor shall automatically assume the position for the unexpired portion of the term.
Associate Editor. The Selection Board shall facilitate the appointment of a new Associate Editor, prioritizing nominations from the Department Editors.
Section 8
C D
Concurrent Vacancy. Should both offices become vacant, the Selection Board shall call for a Special Election among the incumbent members.
Executive and Departmental Officers.The Selection Board shall facilitate the selection of a replacement from the qualified members of the respective committee or department, subject to the qualifications in Article IV.
Section 9 Candidacy. Any member of the Editorial Body who intends to run for an elective or appointed position in the Editorial Board and holds positions in organizations not qualified to run for it as stipulated under Article VI shall submit a letter of resignation at least one (1) week prior to filing their candidacy. No leave, resignation, or vacancy shall be allowed to curtail or interrupt the general circulation, operations, and activities of the Publication.
Continuity of Operations. No leave, resignation, or vacancy shall be permitted to curtail, interrupt, or paralyze the general circulation and essential activities ofthe Publication.The Executive Board is empowered to take all necessary emergency measures to ensure continuity.
ARTICLE IX
Meetings and Assemblies
Section 1
Section 2
Meeting and Attendance. The Publication shall conduct regular and special meetings as necessary for the efficient performance of its functions.Attendance shall be mandatoryforall members and governed by the internal rules and procedures of the Publication.
Parliamentary Meetings. These meetings shall be conducted in accordancewith Robert’s Rules ofOrderoran established parliamentary authority to ensure structured deliberation.
General Assembly. The highest internal meeting of the Publication, where the Editorial Board shall present its financial and audit reports, project updates, and institutional direction to the entire staff.
Semestral Planning. A mandatory meeting held at the commencement of each semester to finalize objectives, editorial calendars, and budgetary allocations.
Regular Meetings. Monthly sessions of the Editorial Board to monitor project implementation, review editorial outputs, and address operational concerns.
Board Meetings. Convened among members of the Editorial Board to deliberate on policies, major decisions, and organizational directions.
Special or Emergency Meetings. Urgent sessions called bythe Editor-inChief, or a majority of the Executive Board, to address unforeseen or critical matters.
Section 3
Non-Parliamentary Meetings. Informal but mandatory sessions may be conducted for creative and technical coordination:
Departmental Meetings. Monthly sessions presided over by Department Editors to manage section-specific workflows.A mandatory preparatory meeting must precede the Semestral Planning. Each department shall submit a narrative report documenting discussions, outputs, and progress.
Creative Meetings. Conducted as brainstorming and development meetings for the conceptualization of specific issues, multimedia projects, or creative outputs.
A
Quorum. No parliamentary meeting shall be valid without a quorum, defined as simple majority. If a quorum is not reached, all pending matters shall be deferred to the next scheduled meeting.
Attendance and Accountability.Attendance is required for all scheduled meetings. Members must communicate anticipated absences to the Human Resource Manager at least twenty-four (24) hours in advance, except in cases of emergency.
Members must attend all scheduled meetings unless duly excused, and absences must be communicated in advance to the Department Editor, which shall inform the Editor-in-Chief.
B
Absences shall only be excused for health, academic, or family emergencies, subject to the submission of supporting documentation.
Three (3) instances of unexcused tardiness shall constitute one (1) unexcused absence.Accumulating three (3) unexcused absences within a single semester shall be grounds for disciplinary action.
ARTICLE X
Rights and Privileges
Section 1 Every member of the publication shall have the right to:
Identify themselves as a member of the Publication and as a campus journalist in all official capacities;
Access information and data necessary for the production of accurate reporting, subject to applicable laws and institutional policies;
Exercise the right to vote in all organizational matters where they are duly designated as a voting member;
Engage in planning, discussions, and activities, and receive mentorship and professional development opportunities provided by the Publication;
Receive proper attribution for authored works and recognition for significant contributions to the Publication;
Access and utilize the publication’s facilities, tools, and resources for official functions and training;
Be informed of all policies affecting their status and express concerns regarding fair treatment, safety, and well-being without fear of reprisal;
File foran Editorial Leave in accordancewith applicable procedures; and
I
Resign from the Publication, provided that a formal written notice is submitted and a proper turnover of responsibilities is completed.
Section 2 Privileges are conditional benefits granted to members and may be regulated or suspended by the Editorial Board for cause. These include the power to:
A B Cover university and external events, provided that such coverage is authorized bythe Editorial Board and complies with established editorial policies;
Claim financial compensation or honoraria in accordance with the Honorarium Matrix and the fiscal capacity of the Publication;
C D E
Exercise the Press ID solely for official journalistic functions;
Be granted access to University events and authorized external activities, subject to the limitations, rules, and regulations imposed by the organizing body and the University; and
Represent the Publication in official capacities, collaborations, press conferences, or approved external functions.
Section 3
All rights and privileges must be exercised in accordance with Republic Act No.7079 orthe CampusJournalismAct of1991,the Code ofEthicsfor Campus Journalists, and the provisions of this Constitution.
Section 4
Section 5
The Editorial Board,the University,orthe Republic ofthe Philippines may grant additional rights and privileges, provided they do not conflict with existing laws or the fundamental mandate of the Publication.
No right orprivilege shall be restricted orsuspended arbitrarily.Anysuch action must be based on a deliberate evaluation by the Editorial Board and communicated to the affected member in writing.
ARTICLE XI
Duties and Responsibilities
Section 1
General Duties of Editorial Board Members. All members of the Editorial Board shall discharge their duties with competence, integrity, and accountability. They shall be primarily responsible for informing, educating, and engaging the student body through accurate, relevant, and responsible journalism, while contributing to the development of criticalthought and public awarenesswithinthe University.Theyshall,at all times,uphold the credibility,independence,and institutional integrity of the Publication in all official and unofficial undertakings that directly impact the publication’s reputation and shall conduct themselves in a mannerthat reflects professionalism and respectforthe publication and its audience.
Section 2
Section 3
Participation and Professional Conduct. Members are expected to attend, collaborate, and carry out professional behavior in all publication-related activities.All members shall:
Attend meetings, trainings, and official activities punctually and participate actively in deliberations and assigned tasks;
Perform duties and responsibilities with diligence and initiative, and accept assignments as may be reasonably delegated by the Department Editor, Editorial Board or the University; provided that it does not compromise the editorial independence of the publication;
Maintain professionalism,mutual respect,and cooperation in all internal and external engagements; and
Observe properdecorum in representingthe publication in anycapacity.
Responsible Use of Position and Privileges. This governs the proper use of authority, access, and privileges granted to members as campus journalists. Members shall:
Refrain fromthe misuse orabuse oftheirposition,authority,orprivileges as campus journalists;
Use access to information, resources, and platforms solelyfor legitimate journalistic purposes;
Section 4
Avoid any act that may undermine the credibility, dignity, or independence of the Publication; and
Follow proper protocols with the usage of the Publication’s merchandise, as provided under this Constitution.
Confidentiality and Protection of Information. This ensures the safeguarding of sensitive information and the protection of sources and internal processes. Members shall:
Respect and protect information obtained in the course of their work, including but not limited to sources, documents, and internal deliberations;
Exercise discretion in handling sensitive information, ensuring that confidentiality is maintained unless disclosure is justified by public interest and approved through proper editorial processes; and
All accepted applicants, including trainees, shall be required to execute a Non-Disclosure Agreement as a condition for admission, binding them to uphold the confidentiality of all unpublished materials, internal communications, and sensitive information obtained through the publication; such obligation shall remain in force during and, where applicable, even after their membership.
Section 5 Section 6 Section 7
Ethical Writing and Fairness. This emphasizes fairness, respect, and responsibility in content creation and publication. Members shall:
Strive to present all sides of an issue where applicable, ensuring fairness and balance;
Avoid discriminatory, defamatory, or malicious content; and
Uphold respect for individuals’ rights, dignity, and reputation in all published materials.
Exercise of Judgment. In matters not expressly covered by this Constitution or the Code of Ethics, members shall be guided by sound judgment, established principles of responsible journalism, and the best interest of the publication and the student body.
Accountability and Sanctions. This affirms that violations of duties shall be subject to appropriate disciplinary measures. Failure to comply with the duties and responsibilities herein prescribed shall subject the member to appropriate disciplinary action in accordance with this Constitution, University policies, and applicable laws.
Statement of Commitment. The Bagwis Editorial Board, Staff, and Trainees commit to the highest standards of journalistic integrity. Guided bythe foundational motto ofthe publication,“Amplifying Voices. Defending Freedom. Publishing Truth,” all members shall uphold the following principles.
Amplifying Voices. The Publication shall uphold dignity, inclusivity, and social responsibility in all its journalistic endeavors.
Members shalltreat all sources,subjects,and communitymemberswith fairness and respect, exercising compassion when reporting on trauma or vulnerable individuals.
The Publication shall respect the privacy of individuals and avoid unnecessary intrusion into private lives unless justified by a clear and significant public interest.
Bias, discrimination, and stereotyping in all forms of reporting and internal operations are strictly prohibited.
Defending Freedom. The Publication shall uphold independence, integrity, and the freedom of the press. C
The public’s right to know shall be balanced against the potential harm reporting may cause to innocent or vulnerable parties.
Members shall actively seek to amplify the voices of marginalized and underrepresented sectors within the University and the community.
The Publication shall resist all forms of censorship, undue influence, or external pressure from university authorities or outside organizations.
Members shall disclose potential conflicts of interest and must inhibit themselves from coverage where their impartiality may be compromised.
The editorial decisions shall remain vested within the authority of the Editorial Board.
The acceptance of gifts, favors, or incentives that may influence or appear to influence journalistic judgment is strictly prohibited.
Section 4
The Publication shall remain non-partisan and refrain from endorsing political parties, candidates, or organizations in any official capacity.
The Publication shall ensure fair, balanced, and responsible coverage of issues, especially those involving public interest and campus governance.
Publishing Truth. The Publication shall commit to accuracy, accountability, and ethical reporting in all its outputs.
All information must be verified and contextualized prior to publication. Fabrication and the dissemination of unverified information are strictly prohibited.
Subjects of allegations or criticisms must be given a fair and timely opportunity to respond before publication.
Sources shall be clearly identified. Anonymity may only be granted to prevent significant harm and must be approved by the Editor-in-Chief.
Manipulation of text, images, or multimedia that alters the truth is prohibited. Plagiarism in any form shall be dealt with as a major offense.
News reporting must be clearly distinguished from opinion and commentary and ensure that headlines and visual elements accurately reflect the content.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and emerging technologies shall only be used as supplementary tools. Human judgment and accountability must remain primary; any AI-generated or AI-assisted content must be disclosed where applicable.
The Publication shall promptly and prominently correct errors and address public grievances with transparency.
ARTICLE XIII
Disciplinary and Appeals Procedures
Disciplinary Mandate. The Publication shall maintain an Ad Hoc Disciplinary Committee to adjudicate internal misconduct and a Grievance Machinery to address external complaints from the student body or University administration. No member shall be penalized except for cause and after the observance of due process as defined in this Article and the Grievance Manual.
Composition. Upon receipt of a formal complaint, an Ad Hoc Disciplinary Board shall be constituted, composed of the Editor-in-Chief as Chairperson, the Associate Editor, the Human Resource Manager, and the Department Editor ofthe respondent.Any member ofthe Board with a direct personal interest or conflict of interest in the case must recuse themselves. The Administrative Consultant may be invited to sit as an observer in an advisory capacity to ensure compliance with universitywide policies without infringing upon editorial independence.
Grounds for Disciplinary Action. A member may be subjected to disciplinary action, including suspension or expulsion, on just and valid grounds, including but not limited to:
Gross neglect of duty, incompetence, or repeated failure to perform responsibilities;
Plagiarism,fabrication of data, or serious breaches ofthe Code of Ethics;
Abuse or misuse of authority, privileges, resources, or official capacity;
Conduct prejudicial to the integrity, credibility, independence, or operations of the Publication;
Persistent non-attendance or failure to comply with lawful policies and directives; and
Anyviolation ofanyprovision contained in this Constitution and all other duly adopted rules, regulations, and policies of the Publication provided elsewhere that severely undermines the independence, credibility, and operations of the Publication.
Section 4
Section 5
Rights of the Respondent. The respondent must be served a written notice of allegations and be given at least three (3) working days to provide a written defense. No final decision shall be rendered without providing the respondent a fair opportunity to present evidence or testimony. The Board may temporarily relieve a member of duties to protect an investigation; this shall not be construed as a penalty or a determination of guilt.
Right to Appeal. A member found liable may file a written appeal to the full Editorial Board within five (5) working days based on new evidence or procedural errors.Decisions rendered bythe Editorial Board upon appeal shall be considered final and executory within the Publication’s internal jurisdiction.
Section 6 Due Process. All internal disciplinary proceedings must satisfy the following constitutional guarantees:
All disciplinary proceedings shall be conducted with strict adherence to the principles of justice, impartiality, and institutional integrity. No member shall be penalized without the observance of the due process guarantees provided in this Article.
Any member subject to investigation shall be served a formal notice of the allegations and be granted a reasonable opportunity—not less than three (3) working days—to explain, respond, or be heard before the Disciplinary Board.
The Editorial Board may impose temporary relief from duties when necessary to protect the integrity of the proceedings or the welfare of the Publication. Such measures are protective in nature and shall not be considered a penalty or a final determination of liability.
To ensure an impartial judgment, any member of the Board with a direct personal interest, bias, or conflict of interest in a case shall recuse themselves from all deliberations and voting regarding the matter.
All disciplinary decisions must be based on verified facts, the applicable provisions of this Constitution, and the best interests of the Publication. Everyfinal decision must be communicated inwritingtothe respondent.
A member affected by a disciplinary or separation decision reserves the right to seek reconsideration or appeal as prescribed in Section 4 of this Article.
No member shall be compelled to remain in the Publication against their will; however, resignation or expulsion shall not extinguish the member's accountability for pending responsibilities, unreturned property, or official obligations.
D
Section 7 External Grievances and Institutional Protection. This section governs complaints from the student body or University administration and serves as a shield for the Publication.
A To protect editorial independence, all complaints against the Publication, including allegations of libel, bias, or inaccuracies must first undergo the Publication’s internal grievance process before being elevated to University authorities.
B The Human Resource Manager shall first facilitate a mediation phase to reach an amicable settlement, such as a formal apology, a right of reply, or a printed correction (erratum). If mediation fails, the Executive Board shall deliberate on the merits of the complaint. The matter may be elevated to the Advisory Council for final mediation. If the Publication is found at fault, it shall immediately implement corrective measures.
The Publication shall resist any external complaint or administrative action that serves as a veil for red-tagging, political harassment, or censorship. No member shall be disciplined for content that adheres to the Code of Ethics, even if such content is critical of the University Administration.
Section 8 The specific forms, timelines, and clerical steps for filing, hearing, and documenting cases underthisArticle shall be governed bythe Grievance and Disciplinary Manual as adopted by the Editorial Board.
ARTICLE XIV
Impeachment
Section 1 Nature of Impeachment. Impeachment is a political and constitutional process reserved for the removal of the Editorial Board. Unlike standard disciplinary actions handled by the Human Resource Manager, impeachment is the ultimate exercise of the authority of theEditorial Board and Staff to protect the Publication from failure of duties.
Section 2
Section 3 Specific Grounds. An officer shall be removed from office upon conviction of the following grounds, including but not limited to:
A
CulpableViolation ofthe Constitution.Wilful disregardforthe mandates, editorial policies, or ethical standards established in this document;
Gross Negligence. Habitual absence from meetings, failure to release publications, or total abandonment of official duties;
Financial Malfeasance. Unauthorized use of funds, failure to provide transparency reports, or theft of Publication property; or
Betrayal of Public Trust. Acts including, but not limited to, plagiarism, red-tagging of staff, or collusion with the University Administration to censor content.
Initiation and Preliminary Investigation. Investigation of impeachment shall follow a coherent and structured process:
The Petition. A verified petition for impeachment must be signed by an absolute majority of the total Publication membership.
The Commission.The petition shall be submitted to the Commission on Appointments (COAP). The COAP shall have five (5) working days to determine if the petition is sufficient in Form and Substance. If it is, the officer is considered charged and must face trial.
Section 4 The Impeachment Trial. The officer shall be tried through a rigorous trial in order to ensure impartiality:
A B Presiding Officer. To ensure impartiality, the Chairperson of the COAP shall preside overthe trial.They shall act as a neutral judge, ruling on the admissibility of evidence but having no vote in the final verdict.
Hearing. The trial must be held in a Plenary Session where both the petitioners and the respondent are given the right to present witnesses and evidence.
Section 5
Section 6
Voting.An absolute majorityvote ofthe total membership (excluding the respondent) shall be required to convict. If the vote is not reached, the officer is acquitted and immediately restored to full duties.
Consequences of Conviction. A convicted officer shall be removed from their position effective immediately. The removal carries the following automatic penalties, including but not limited to:
Disqualification. Perpetual disqualification from holding any position, whether elective or appointive, within the Publication;
Non-Extinguishment. Removal shall not exempt the officer from returning Publication property or facing further disciplinary or legal action for any liabilities; and
Succession. The vacancy shall be filled according to the Rules of Succession defined in this Constitution.
Internal Rules and Regulations. All clerical details including the articles of impeachment, the order of trial, and the rules of evidence shall be specified in the Grievance, Disciplinary, and Impeachment Manual.
A B
C
ARTICLE XV
Financial Management
Section 1 All funds of the Publication shall be deposited in the official bank account of the Publication.
The Publication may derive its funds from, but not limited to, the following:
A Student Publication Fees;
Income-Generating Projects, including but not limited to publication projects, merchandise; and Donations, grants, and/or non-commercial sponsorships.
A Semestral Development Plan shall be formulated, deliberated, and approved upon during the semestral planning conducted prior to the collection ofpublicationfees.Subsequently,a Semestral Budget shall be prepared and approved, anchored on the approved Semestral Development Plan, upon determination of the available funds for the semester.
Anyfees collected bythe Publication from students shall be established and approved by the Executive Board before implementation.
Allwithdrawals and financialtransactions involving organizationalfunds shall require the authorization and signatures of the Editor-in-Chief, the Associate Editor-in-Chief, the Managing Editor, and the Financial Consultant.
The Publication may maintain a petty cash fund for minor and immediate operational expenses. The allowable amount, replenishment procedures, and conditions governing its use shall be prescribed in the Implementing Rules and Regulations.
No funds shall be released or disbursed without an approved budget resolution orproject proposal dulyauthorized bythe appropriate officers of the publication.
All requests for cash advance, payment, and reimbursement shall be processed through a duly accomplished Disbursement Voucher. The DisbursementVouchershall contain complete details ofthe transaction, including the purpose, amount, payee, and required supporting documents, and must be reviewed and approved by the authorized signatories prior to release of funds.
All disbursements shall be supported by complete and verifiable documentation. Official Receipts shall be required; however, in their absence, acknowledgment receipts or equivalent supporting documents may be accepted, subject to verification by the Managing Editor and the Staff of Financial Management.
All financial liquidations shall be submitted within fifteen (15) working days after the completion of the activity, together with all required supporting documents,as maybe prescribed in the Implementing Rules and Regulations.
All concerned proponents with pending or completed liquidations for the month shall convene on the last Wednesday of every month, or on a date immediately thereafter as may be determined, to review, reconcile, and finalize all financial liquidation reports.
All donations, grants, and sponsorships, whether monetary or in kind, shall be properly acknowledged, recorded, and reflected in the official financial reports of the organization.
The Publication shall ensure transparency and accountability in all financial matters. Financial statements and liquidation reports shall be prepared periodically and shall be made available for review, audit, and, when appropriate, disclosure to the student body.
The books of accounts of the Publication shall be closed at the end of each academic year or such period as may be determined by the publication to ensure proper financial transition and accountability.
Matters pertaining to specific procedures, detailed guidelines, limitations, and implementation mechanisms not expressly provided in this Constitution shall be governed by the Implementing Rules and Regulations.
ARTICLE XVI
Honoraria and Benefits
Grant of Honoraria. Honoraria shall be granted to the Editorial Board and staff of the Publication in recognition of their service, commitment, and contributions to the publication, subject to the provisions of this Constitution and By-Laws and the availability of funds.
Allocation and Financial Safeguards. A portion of the semestral funds of the Publication shall be allocated for honoraria, provided that such allocation remains reasonable,proportionate,and does not compromise the operational needs and sustainability of the publication. The allocation shall be subject to limitations and safeguards as may be provided in the Implementing Rules and Regulations.
Basis and Distribution of Honoraria. Honoraria shall be based on position, performance, and contribution, including base pay, incentives, and deductions. The Editor-in-Chief and Managing Editor shall determine the honoraria mechanism and budget allocation, subject to the approval of the Editorial Board by an absolute majority vote. All distributions must be fair, equitable, and compliant with the Implementing Rules and Regulations.
Eligibility. Only members and trainees who have demonstrated active participation and have complied with their duties and responsibilities under this Constitution and By-Laws shall be eligible to receive honoraria. Members under disciplinary action or probation may have their eligibility reviewed, limited, suspended, or revoked upon recommendation of the Ad-Hoc Disciplinary Board.
Disbursement of Honoraria. Honoraria shall be released once every semester, upon completion of all required work for the final issue, verification of duties fulfilled by members and trainees, and the release of the physical copy of the publication.
Benefits. In addition to honoraria, officers and staff shall receive organizational benefits and merchandise, including official shirts, lanyards, IDs, and other necessary BAGWIS materials. The issuance of these items is subject to the availability offunds,proper documentation, vand formal approval.
Deductions,Restrictions,andAccountability.Deductionsfrom honoraria may be imposed for failure to comply with duties, violations of policies, or other infractions. No officer, staff, or trainee shall receive honoraria or benefitswithout properauthorization.Anymisuse,misrepresentation,or unauthorized disbursement of funds shall constitute a violation of this Constitution and may result in appropriate disciplinary action, as provided in the Implementing Rules and Regulations.
Section 8
Section 9
Transparency and Reporting. A report on the disbursement of honoraria and benefits shall be prepared at the end of each semester and made accessible to members of the Publication to ensure transparency, accountability, and responsible financial management.
Implementing Rules and Regulations. Matters not provided herein shall be governed by the Implementing Rules and Regulations, formulated in consultation with the Fiscal Consultant and subject to the approval of the Editorial Board.
ARTICLE XVII
Property and Asset Management
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
The Property and Assets. All materials, equipment, and supplies procured with BAGWIS funds shall be recognized as the property of the publication and shall be properly recorded and categorized according to usage.
Storage. All equipment shall be securely stored within university premises. Removal of equipment off-campus requires official approval.
Inventory and Documentation. A comprehensive inventory system shall be maintained and regularly updated. The Property Custodian together with Staff on Property and Asset Management shall conduct inspections. Department liaisons shall assist tracking, cross checking, and reporting of equipment status under their care.
Section 4 Use of Equipment.Access to and use of equipment shall be regulated by all members of the publication but with prime burden to the Property Custodian and their management staffers to maintain accountability. Wherein, it follows standard protocol as stipulated in the adopted Implementing Rules and Regulations of the publication for borrowing and return. However conditions that follow are irrevocable:
A B C No Publication property shall be utilized for purposes outside of official functions, except with the express written permission of the Executive Board.
No Publication property shall be utilized for activities outside the University, notwithstanding any approval from the Executive Board or the Publication Adviser.
No Publication property shall be lent to, or utilized by, any individual who is not a bona fide member of the Publication, regardless of any request or directive from University personnel.
Section 5 Extent of Use. The use of organizational equipment shall be limited to a reasonable period necessary for its intended purpose. Any extension shall require priorapproval from the Editor-in-Chief,Department Liaison, and Property Custodian, subject to valid justification and proper accountability.
Management of Consumable Supplies. Management of Consumable Supplies. Consumable supplies, including but not limited to paper, ink, and other office materials, shall be managed to ensure availability, responsible use, and operational flexibility. Members are expected to report shortages or irregularities to the Property Custodian. Replenishment requests shall be subject to approval by the Executive Board, with detailed procedures governed by the IRR.
Damaged, Broken, or Disposable Assets. Assets that are damaged, broken, or obsolete shall be reported and documented The repair or disposal ofsuch assets shall requirethe approval ofthe Executive Board.
Unaccounted or Missing Assets from Previous Administration. Unaccounted or Missing Assets. Missing or unaccounted assets from previous administrations shall be documented and reported as part of a current inventory assessment. Absence of records does not automatically assign liability unless clear evidence of negligence or misuse is established.
Accountability and Sanctions. Members who misuse, damage, or fail to return the Publication’s property may be subject to sanctions, including replacement of the asset, payment of its value, or other measures prescribed in the Implementing Rules and Regulations. Sanctions for misuse of consumables shall follow the same framework of accountability.
Signatories for Borrowing. All borrowings shall be authorized and signed by the Borrower, the Borrower’s Department Head, the Property Custodian, and the Editor-in-Chief, both before and after the use of the property. Forms shall be submitted and maintained according to the Implementing Rules and Regulations.
Implementing Rules and Regulations. All detailed procedures, limitations, and operational mechanisms not expressly provided in this Constitution shall be governed by the Implementing Rules and Regulations.
The Publication
Section 1
Section 2
Semestral Issue. The Publication shall produce and release at least one (1) majorofficial printed publication peracademic semester.This primary issue serves as the comprehensive and tangible record of the semester's most critical news, features, and editorial content.
Monthly Issue. To ensure the continuous and timely dissemination of information,the Publication shall produce supplementary outputs, such as monthly newsletters or folios, published at least once every month duringthe regularacademicyear.These outputs shallfocus on providing concise and accessible updates on campus developments and student initiatives.
Section 3 The Publication shall maintain an active and timely digital presence across all its official online platforms. The Social Media Manager shall supervise all platforms and are mandated to provide the following:
Breaking news updates and university advisories as they occur;
Real-time or post-event coverage of significant university activities and student-led initiatives;
Relevant commemorative materials and features for national holidays, historical observances, and cultural events; and
Other publication materials approved by the Editorial Board.
Section 4
Section 5
While content is primarily produced by the Editorial Board and Staff, the Publication remains an open forum for guest contributions, subject to the Editorial Board’s screening and ethical review.
The Publication shall maintain a systematic archive of all published materials, in print and digital formats, to preserve the university's institutional memory and for public interest.
ARTICLE XIX
Official Symbols and Identity
Section 1 The Publication Name. The official name and its stylistic usage shall be governed by the following:
A B Standardized Spelling. The official name of the publication shall be BAGWIS.
Stylistic Representation. The name may be styled in all capital letters (BAGWIS) for body text and formal correspondence, or in title case (Bagwis) for digital platforms, mastheads, and official seals.
Visual Standards. The format, placement, and specifications of all identifiers shall be determined by the Layout Director, subject to the approval of the Editorial Board.
Mandatory Branding. All official documents shall utilize standardized letterheads,and all multimedia outputs must bearofficial watermarks to establish authenticity and ownership.
Editorial Independence.The name ofthe Publication shall not be altered or appended by the University administration without the consensus of the Editorial Board and a ratified staff referendum.
Section 2 Official Visual Identifiers. The visual signatures of the Publication’s editorial authority shall be defined as follows:
A
The Official Seal.The seal shall consist of a fountain pen striking through a camera shutter with a Philippine Eagle emerging from the center.
The Primary Logo. The logo shall be a combination of an eagle head and the letter“B,”wherethe eagle head replacesthetop headline ofthe letter down to the midpoint while retaining the letter’s recognizable structure.
Constitutional Authority for Change. The Editorial Board is authorized to adopt changes to the name, seal, logo, or mission statement, provided such changes are ratified by a majority vote in a duly conducted publication referendum.
Management of Identity Assets. The Layout Director shall maintain a high-resolution “BAGWIS Asset Resource” repository, ensuring that all branding materials are stored securely and used solely for official Publication purposes.
C D E
C D B
Section 3 Official Visual Identifiers. The visual signatures of the Publication’s editorial authority shall be defined as follows: B
Section 4
A Official Text. The official motto of the Publication shall be: “Amplifying Voices. Defending Freedom. Publishing Truth.”
Placement. The motto shall appear on the masthead of all print editions and the “About” section of all digital platforms and official documents.
Ownership and Intellectual Property. All symbols, logos, and mastheads defined in this Article are the exclusive intellectual property of the Publication. No individual, organization, or university department may use, alter, or reproduce these identifiers for commercial purposes, endorsements, or external projects without express written permission from the Editor-in-Chief. Original source files must be preserved and securely transferred to each successive Editorial Board, and any unauthorized use or infringement of these assets shall be subject to disciplinary action or appropriate legal measures.
ARTICLE XX Independent Bodies
The Independent Bodies of BAGWIS are entities tasked with maintaining the institutional integrity and legal framework of the Publication. These shall consist of the Electoral Board (EB) and the ephemeral Commission on Constitutional Amendments (COMCA).
No member of the Editorial Board shall concurrently serve in any Independent Body to ensure the separation of powers, except in the specific case of the ephemeral Commission on Constitutional Amendments. Commissioners must be members of the Publication in good standing and shall be selected based on their residency and expertise.
The Editorial Board shall provide funds for necessary expenses incurred by commissioners in performing their duties, based on the semestral budget.
Section 4 The Electoral Board. The EB shall serve as the primary body for the selection and vetting of the succeeding Editorial Board.
A
Composition.The Board shall be composed of one (1) representative per department, officially endorsed by their respective Department Editors. Members must have at least one (1) year of residency in the Publication. They shall elect a Chairperson from among themselves.
Mandate and Powers. The EB shall act as the official selection body; verify the residency, academic standing, and disciplinary records of all Editorial Board applicants; and administer the mandatory Editorial and Technical Examinations.
Authority. The EB shall promulgate the Publication’s Election and Selection Code, providing the specific procedural syllabus necessary to implement the criteria established in this Constitution.
D Tenure. The EB shall be constituted at least sixty (60) calendar days beforethe end ofthe academicyear.Theirauthorityshall expire uponthe official proclamation and turnover of the new Editorial Board, unless otherwise a vacancy has been determined.
Section 5
Section 6 The Commission on Constitutional Amendments (COMCA).The COMCA is an ephemeral body activated solely for the purpose of revising or amending this Constitution.
A Activation and Composition. The COMCA shall be composed of the Executive Board, the Department Editors, and one (1) staff member from each department endorsed by their respective Editors. The Editor-inChief shall serve as the Chairperson.
B
Selection and Assistance. The selection of staff representatives shall be administered by the COAP. The incumbent Editorial Board may assist in the preliminary evaluation of applicants for this Commission.
Tenure. The COMCA shall be automatically dissolved upon the ratification of the proposed amendments by an absolute majority of the Editorial Board and Staff.
Creation of New Commissions. The Editorial Board, by an absolute majority vote, may create new standing or ephemeral Commissions for specific organizational needs. The creating instrument must explicitly define the commission's purpose, scope, and selection criteria. These entities shall maintain independence and budgetary support, provided that their functions do not infringe upon the mandates of the Electoral Board or COMCA.
C
ARTICLE XXI
Transitory Provisions
Section 1
Section 2
The incumbent members ofthe Editorial Board shall continue to serve in a hold-over capacity and exercise their respective functions until their duly selected successors have been proclaimed and have officially assumed office. To ensure continuity, the outgoing board shall facilitate a mandatorytransition period,which includestheturnoverofall physical and digital assets, financial records, and pending editorial projects, including the revocation of access of the outgoing officers to the official digital platforms such as, but not limited to, the institutional email and social media accounts of BAGWIS.
For the first implementation of this amended Constitution and By-Laws, the succeeding members of the Editorial Board shall assume their roles immediately upon the proclamation of the Commission on Appointments (COAP).All appointments and internal structures initiated under the previous constitution shall be reviewed and aligned with the new provisions within thirty (30) days of the new board's assumption of office.
Section 3
Section 4
Upon the ratification of this Constitution, the Editorial Board is mandated to draft or update the subsidiary manuals and other necessary Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) within a period of sixty (60) days or on a date immediately after as determined by the Editorial Board. Until such manuals are ratified, the Editorial Board shall exercise its best judgment consistent with the spirit and intent of this Constitution.
All provisions of the previous Constitution and By-Laws, as well as any internal rules, standing policies, or memoranda inconsistent with the provisions of this amended Constitution and By-Laws, are hereby repealed, amended, or modified accordingly.
Section 5
This amended Constitution and By-Laws shall take effect immediately upon its ratification by an absolute majority of the Editorial Board and Staff in a duly conducted plenum or referendum.
ARTICLE XXII Amendments, Validity,
and Constitutional Supremacy
Section 1
Section 2
This Constitution and By-Laws shall constitute the supreme law of the Publication, insofar as it is consistent with the Constitution, laws, and duly established policies of the Republic of the Philippines and the University. All subordinate rules and internal policies must strictly conform to the mandates set forth herein.
If any provision, section, or part of this Constitution is declared invalid or unconstitutional bya competent authority,the Editorial Board shall pass a resolution suspending the enforceability of such provisions, sections, or parts of this Constitution and By-Laws and convene the Commission on Constitutional Amendments with only the objective of amending such clauses.
Section 3
Section 4 Section 5
Such declarations shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions. In such a case.
The revised Constitution and By-Laws shall take effect immediately upon ratification by an absolute majority of the members present at the assembly convened for such purpose.
A Constitutional Convention may be convened after four (4) academic years as may be deemed necessary by the Editorial Board.
INWITNESSWHEREOF,this CONSTITUTIONAND BY-LAWS ofBAGWIS,the Official Student Publication of Mindanao State University, has been duly adopted and signed this 22nd day of April 2026, at Mindanao State University-General Santos, General Santos City, Philippines.
BAGWIS COMMISSION ON CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS
LYNXTER GYBRIEL LEAÑO President
MARIA NICOLE SILVA Vice-President
JEROMELEE M. PIANA Secretary-General
TRIXIE M. BAYRON Assistant Secretary
VANESS VILLAFUERTE Commissioner Commissioner
JESSIE REY RUERAS Commissioner Commissioner
ISHIE INOCELDA
JOHN PAUL SIAPEL Commissioner
CATHYLENE BULADO Commissioner Commissioner
FAYROUZ M. OMAR Commissioner Commissioner
NIEL ZSUN JOHN VEGA Commissioner
JOHN ROSS SAMBANAN
JILLIANA KAYE ARCILLA
KRYSTEL ANGEL LUBATON Commissioner Commissioner
GABRIEL SANCHEZ
LYLE JOME DELA MADRID
JOSEPH CARL ESTRERA Commissioner Commissioner
MICHAEL ANGELO VILLANUEVA Commissioner
DAVE MODINA
DANIELLA DOCE Commissioner Commissioner
KEVIN ASOMBRADO
PAULINE GAURANA Commissioner
Mindanao State University - General Santos General Santos City, Philippines
