Issuu

2026

TITLE SPONSOR

OUR DIVERSE PARTNERSHIPS FUEL ECONOMIC GROWTH Using a strong, diverse supplier base not only assists SRP in providing reliable, affordable and sustainable water and power to our customers but also supports economic stability and job growth in our communities. In fiscal year 2025, SRP spent $282 million on goods and services from 768 small, local and diverse suppliers, helping support 2,633 jobs. Our shared business success bolsters the communities we serve, allowing us all to flourish together. Learn more by downloading SRP’s Supplier Diversity Economic Impact Report at srp.net/supplierdiversity.

27CP056-002 08/26

WELCOME TO DATOS 2026 ¡Bienvenidos! a DATOS On behalf of SRP, welcome to the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce’s 2026 DATOS: The State of Arizona’s Hispanic Market report breakfast. For more than 30 years, DATOS has served as a highly anticipated and respected resource, providing the premier annual analysis of Arizona’s Hispanic market and its significant economic influence. Beyond measuring economic impact, the report offers valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities shaping the future of our state. Taking a holistic approach, DATOS examines not only economic trends but also key factors that affect the overall well-being of Arizona’s communities, including critical public health indicators. This year’s report explores environmental quality as a key driver of economic growth, workforce stability and community resilience. By understanding the connection between environmental quality and economic opportunity, Arizona can make informed decisions that support sustainable growth and improve quality of life for communities across the state. The findings highlight several factors that influence economic mobility and long-term prosperity, including affordable housing, workforce participation, small business development and access to capital. By identifying both opportunities and barriers, DATOS helps illuminate pathways toward a stronger, more inclusive economy where every community has the ability to thrive. SRP greatly values its long-standing partnership with the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, and we are proud to continue our support of DATOS. While our mission is to provide reliable, affordable and sustainable water and power, we also recognize our broader responsibility to help create opportunities that support success and prosperity for all Arizonans. By investing in people, communities and the conditions that support long-term success, we can help build a more vibrant and resilient future for everyone who calls Arizona home. Thank you for joining us today and for your continued support of DATOS. We hope you find this year’s report both informative and inspiring. STEVEN LOPEZ DATOS Honorary Chair Senior Director Supply Chain and Flight Services Salt River Project (SRP) 1

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

Arizona, we’ve got your back. Arizona is our home, and we’re stepping up to improve our state’s health. AZ Blue in Action brings health to Arizonans – out in the community, on the road, and from our offices throughout the state.

2006802-25

azblue.com/azblueinaction

EDITOR’S LETTER THE 30TH ANNUAL DATOS REPORT

Environmental Quality

Welcome to the 30th Annual DATOS: The State of Arizona’s Hispanic Market. For three decades, DATOS has served as a trusted resource for business, civic and community leaders by providing responsible, reliable and relevant information about the people, businesses and trends shaping Arizona’s future. Each year, we center the report on one of the Elements of a Healthy Community. This year, we turn our focus to Environmental Quality and its essential connection to economic growth, public health, quality of life, and long-term community prosperity. Arizona’s continued growth brings tremendous opportunity, but it also presents complex challenges. Water availability, rising temperatures, air quality, energy reliability and resilient infrastructure influence where businesses invest, how communities develop, and the quality of life experienced by Arizona families. Meeting this moment will require practical solutions, informed leadership, and collaboration across the public, private, nonprofit, and academic sectors. Throughout this edition, DATOS examines the challenges and opportunities surrounding water resources, environmental health, sustainable growth, and the long-term resilience of Arizona’s communities and economy. As always, the report also continues its broader analysis of the state’s Hispanic population, workforce, purchasing power, educational attainment and entrepreneurial activity. My greatest hope is that the information on these pages will help leaders make better decisions, build stronger partnerships, and take meaningful action. As we celebrate 30 years of DATOS, let us work together to create an Arizona that is healthy, resilient, competitive and full of opportunities for generations to come.

MÓNICA S. VILLALOBOS, Ed.D. President & CEO, Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Editor-in-Chief, DATOS: The State of Arizona's Hispanic Market 3

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

Move your business forward at our Center for Business Empowerment

We’re proud to support business owners in Phoenix with access to the powerful resources they need to launch, grow and succeed. Scott Vanderpool President, Bank of America Phoenix

What would you like the power to do?®

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS DATOS 2026 CONTENT COMMITTEE (LISTED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY COMPANY/ORGANIZATION)

PRODUCTION TEAM DR. MÓNICA S. VILLALOBOS

MARISSA SIMENTAL

BECKY HILL

TARA JACKSON

FRANCISCO AVALOS

ANDREA WHITSETT

SUSANA MARTINEZ

GUILLERMO GAMEZ-CORDOVA

PINNACLE BANK

DATOS ASSOCIATE EDITOR

LUIS CORDOVA

CARMEN G. MARTÍNEZ

KAZANDRA ZELAYA

SONARY AMACHREE

ARIZONA DIAMONDBACKS ARIZONA TOWN HALL

ASU MORRISON INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY

DR. FRANCISCO LARA-VALENCIA

ASU SCHOOL OF TRANSBORDER STUDIES

SILVIA SOLIS GARZA

HILLADVO LYFT

ROUNDS CONSULTING SALT RIVER PROJECT (SRP)

STEVEN LOPEZ

AZ REPUBLIC MEDIA

SALT RIVER PROJECT (SRP)

JOSEPH GARCIA

DR. BERT VALENCIA

CHICANOS POR LA CAUSA (CPLC)

JAMES MONTOYA CITY OF PHOENIX

CARLA DE LA CHAPA CITY OF PHOENIX

AMERICA FONTES

EDUCATION FORWARD ARIZONA

KRISTEN STEPHENSON GREATER PHOENIX ECONOMIC COUNCIL

THUNDERBIRD SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT

JAIME BOYD

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

CREATIVE DIRECTOR STAFF WRITER/COPY EDITOR

KAZANDRA ZELAYA DIGITAL DASHBOARDS

IGNACIO URQUIZO DATOS RESEARCH INTERN

FOUNDERS

UNIVISION ARIZONA

GABRIEL JARAMILLO

VITALYST HEALTH FOUNDATION

STEPHANIE APOSTOL WESTGROUP RESEARCH

MICHELE MALDOVI WL GORE

DR. LOUI OLIVAS SANDY FERNIZA GEMA DUARTE-LUNA RHONDA CARRILLO

TERMINOLOGY AND RESEARCH In DATOS 2026, the terms Hispanic, LatinX and Latino are used synonymously, as are Native American and American Indian and African American and Black. White, non-Hispanic is sometimes referred to as non-Hispanic white. Hispanics may be of any race.

The information presented here was selected from standard secondary sources. However, data changes quickly and is not always collected annually. Data often offers a static picture of an ever-changing situation. The numbers calculated for any statistic depend on the definitions and assumptions used to produce them.

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

Tu vida y tu dinero en equilibrio. Una cooperativa de crédito creada para apoyarte a ti, a tu familia y a nuestra comunidad, con servicios diseñados para brindarte claridad, conﬁanza y equilibrio ﬁnanciero.

DesertFinanical.com/Espanol Asegurado federalmente por la NCUA

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1

POPULATION 15

195

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY 40

10 PARKS AND RECREATION

213

11 COMMUNITY DESIGN

AFFORDABLE QUALITY HOUSING 87

227

12 SOCIAL/CULTURAL COHESION

QUALITY AFFORDABLE FOOD

239

105

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

SOCIAL JUSTICE 253

118

TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS 202

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

COMMUNITY SAFETY

ACCESS TO CARE 181

NOTES

• INFOGRAPHICS VECTOR DESIGN TEMPLATE FILE: #77345968, AUTHOR: TARAPONG © FOTOLIA

•

THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE COMPILATION OF SECONDARY RESEARCH MADE AVAILABLE TO THE AZHCC FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. IT IS EITHER PUBLIC INFORMATION OR USED WITH PERMISSION FROM THOSE SOURCES.

• 484 ICONS BASICS FILE: #56241778, AUTHOR: ARTCO © FOTOLIA

•

PLEASE NOTE THAT THIS IS A SEARCHABLE PDF AND BY CLICKING CTL-F ON A PC OR COMMAND-F ON A MAC, A SEARCH BOX WILL APPEAR TO LOCATE ANY WORD OR PHRASE.

FOR MORE INFORMATION OR ANY QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACT THE ARIZONA HISPANIC CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (AZHCC) AT INFO@AZHCC.COM OR 602.279.1800.

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

OPCIONES DE TRANSPORTE JUSTICIA SOCIAL

COHESIÓN SOCIAL / CULTURAL

ACCESO A LA ATENCIÓN DE SALUD

IDAD EN SALU EQU ES I L I ENCIA D R

VIVIENDA DE CALIDAD A PRECIOS ACCESIBLES

ELEMENTOS DE UNA

COMUNIDAD

SEGURIDAD COMUNITARIA

SALUDABLE

OPORTUNIDADES ECONÓMICAS

PARQUES Y RECREACIÓN

DISEÑO DE COMUNIDADES SALUDABLES

OPORTUNIDADES EDUCATIVAS ALIMENTOS DE CALIDAD A PRECIOS ACCESIBLES

CALIDAD DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE

Given how often data ends up challenging conventional wisdom, it’s almost funny how surprising an accumulation of facts and framing can be. This has held true with Hispanics and DATOS and it similarly applies to health. Conventional thinking holds that health is the product of health care, subject to the influence of genes and personal choice. But the data tell a different story. The consensus finding of the World Health Organization (WHO) is that health care represents only about 10-20 percent of overall health. The science of epigenetics is clarifying that genetic profiles actually do not predetermine our individual fates. Meanwhile, public health officials worldwide agree that the choices we make are predicated by the choices we have. In other words, health goes beyond health care. Health is everywhere — shaped by the contexts in which we live, work, learn and play. Many of health’s data experts assert that the strongest predictor of health and well-being is not your genetic code, but rather your zip code. In fact, conditions in neighborhoods separated by just a 10-20 minute drive in Phoenix have the capacity to affect life expectancy by up to 10-14 years. Phoenix is not an anomaly. Cities all over the U.S. share similar profiles.

We are humbled to be partnered with the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce in order to more thoroughly understand what this approach can mean for the well-being of Hispanics. Part of the DATOS mission is to align perceptions of Arizona Hispanics with a data-based reality. Vitalyst’s Live Well Arizona goal is to realign perceptions with the facts as well — and to capitalize on that new understanding with cross-sector investments of time, talent and treasure that can propel Arizona to a more equitable, healthier future.

These facts are not just attention-getting, they are also perception-shifting and empowering. They tell us that we have new options to improve health and well-being. We can call upon partnership with sectors like food, housing or transportation. We can delve into the health impacts of education and economic opportunity. We can extend ourselves toward impacting the visceral effect that social factors like isolation or toxic stress have on health. We can study how all of these factors are rooted by the cross-cutting issues of equity and resilience. We can use that knowledge to collaborate and integrate efforts among and across sectors. In so doing, we can be more powerful, more effective and more impactful in improving community health and well-being.

When it comes to honoring the Hispanic community’s unique assets and strengths within this new health paradigm, we couldn’t be more grateful to partner with DATOS. Here’s to a future of working together to improve community health and well-being for us all.

The Elements of a Healthy Community wheel was designed and produced by Vitalyst Health Foundation in collaboration with community partners. The elements are inspired by the work of the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. To learn more, please visit VitalystHealth.org

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

DATOS 2026 HIGHLIGHTS POPULATION Latinos represent 20% of U.S. Population; the largest percentage recorded in US Census history.

Foreign-born immigrants are more likely to hold a graduate or professional degree compared to their native counterparts.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

The median age of U.S. Hispanics is 31—nearly a decade younger than the U.S Population overall.

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY Hispanics are more likely to participate in the U.S. civilian labor force than their non-Hispanic counterparts by 6 points.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Hispanics represent nearly onethird of Arizona’s Population. Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

U.S. Hispanic educational attainment increased by 4% between 2020 to 2024.

Arizona Hispanics are more likely to participate in the U.S. civilian labor force than their non-Hispanic counterparts by 11 points.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Of U.S. Hispanics, 57.3% are of Mexican origin.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Arizona has a higher share of Spanish speaking households than the national average.

U.S. Latino GDP reached $4 .4 trillion in 2023; if measured independently, it surpasses the U.K. and France’s GDP.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Source: The 2026 LDC U.S. Latino Economic Impact Report

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

DATOS 2026 HIGHLIGHTS From 2017–2023, Latino-owned firms grew at a faster pace than their White-owned counterparts, outpacing them in firm growth, job growth and revenue growth.

Yuma, Maricopa, and Yuma County face the highest heat exposures in Arizona. Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Climate at a Glance (2026)

In the last 10 years, Phoenix summers have grown hotter with July’s daily highs reaching record levels.

Source: 2025 State of Latino Entrepreneurship

Latina entrepreneurs lead 29% of Arizona’s Hispanic firms, and continue leading the rate of growth by 37% nationally.

Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Climate at a Glance (2026)

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

2025 was the worst year in Arizona’s multidecade drought.

Arizona exports $14.6 billion to Mexico—3 billion more than Mexico’s next top four partners combined.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation

U.S. Hispanic workers almost twice as likely as their nonHispanic counterparts to work in high heat exposure industries.

Source: U.S. International Trade Association

Taiwan and Mexico imported an estimated $30.7 billion in goods to Arizona in 2025.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Arizona Hispanic workers are twice as likely as their nonHispanic counterparts to work in high heat exposure industries.

Source: U.S. International Trade Association

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

In 2025, Arizona’s average temperature outpaced the United States’s by 8 degrees.

Hispanics account for second most heat-related deaths in Maricopa County

Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Climate at a Glance (2026)

Source: Maricopa County Department of Public Health

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

Building a More Sustainable Community, One Delivery at a Time

THE POWERS OF 10 CLASS OF

ONES

CLASS OF

THOUSANDS CLASS OF

MILLIONS CLASS OF

BILLIONS

ONE TEN HUNDRED ONE THOUSAND TEN THOUSAND HUNDRED THOUSAND ONE MILLION TEN MILLION HUNDRED MILLION ONE BILLION TEN BILLION HUNDRED BILLION

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000 1,000,000,000 10,000,000,000 100,000,000,000

WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE CLASSES? 1,000,000,000,000

HISPANIC BUYING POWER IN ARIZONA WILL SURPASS $57 BILLION BY 2022 FIGURES IN MILLIONS OF DOLL ARS 1990 — 2022

Ones thousands millions billions trillions Billions have 9 zeros:

57,000,000,000 57,276 Millions How many zeros DOES A million have? 6 ZEROS

70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0

5,527 1990

14,646 2000

31,182 2010

45,081

57,276

Therefore, one has to add 6 zeros to the number 57,276. As a result:

57,276,000,000 2017 13

2022

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

Give. Grow. Gather together. Building a stronger community brings out the best in everyone. Together, we can share more, create more change, and do more good for the places we call home. Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, we are proud to celebrate your commitment and service to the community.

POPULATION

CHAPTER 1 POPULATION CHARTS

17–26

•

Latinos Represent One in Five U.S. Population, Reaching a Record 20% in 2024

•

Hispanics Are Nearly a Decade Younger Than the U.S. Population Overall

•

Hispanic Men and Women Are Significantly Younger Than Their Non-Hispanic Counterparts •

•

Arizona's Population Growth Is Concentrated in Maricopa and Pinal Counties — While Rural Counties Stagnate or Decline

•

Two of Arizona's Border Counties Are Majority Hispanic, Anchoring the State's Binational Economy One in Five Arizonans Speaks Spanish at Home, Compared With One in Eight Nationally

In 2024, 62.3% of Hispanics were BetweenAges 18–64, Compared With 60.1% of non-Hispanics.

•

Hispanics Steadily Remain One-Third of Arizona’s Population

With 2.4 Million Hispanic Residents, Arizona Ranks 6th Among All States

•

Arizona's Hispanic Market is Almost Entirely Mexican-Origin

Arizona Ranks 4th Nationally in Hispanic Population Share at 32%

•

More Than Half of All U.S. Hispanics Are of Mexican Origin

U.S. Hispanic Educational Attainment Has Increased Consistently from 2020 to 2024

•

In 2024, Immigrants Accounted for 14.8% of the U.S. Population — Highest Level in Over a Decade

Arizona Hispanic Educational Attainment Has Also Increased Consistently from 2020 to 2024

•

Top U.S. States by Immigrant Population Share (2024)

•

Top 5 Immigrant Origin Countries in the U.S. (2023)

•

Educational Attainment of Immigrant vs. Native-Born Adults, 2024

•

Citizenship and Legal Status Composition of the U.S. Immigrant Population

•

The Age Gap Is Widening: Hispanic Population Stays Young as Non-Hispanics Grow Older 15

RESEARCHER’S NOTE The Population chapter (Chapter 1) includes comparisons from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2013 American Community Survey (ACS) 1-year estimates, 2022 American Community Survey (ACS) 1-year estimates and 2022 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates. Outcomes derived from these comparisons should be acknowledged with caution as each U.S. Census Bureau product has a different methodology. More information about comparing estimates can be found here.

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

POPULATION

CHAPTER 1 POPULATION INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD

27 30 33 35 IN FOCUS

Population Insights

PHOENIX SCHOLAR HOUSE Breaking Barriers Through Housing, Education, and Opportunity BY ROBYN JULIEN

IN FOCUS

EXCERPT

Investing in Our Community, Building Lasting Connections BY VERONICA GRIJALVA

The Demographic Outlook: 2026 to 2056

The Congressional Budget Office projects that the U.S. population will increase from 349 million in 2026 to 364 million in 2056. Over the next decade, the U.S. population will grow at an average of 0.3 per year and slow to an average of 0.1 a year from 2037 to 2056.

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

1 Latinos Represent One in Five U.S. Population, Reaching a Record 20% in 2024

POPULATION HISPANIC ORIGIN FOR THE UNITED STATES 20.02% 19.64% 19.28% 18.97% 18.77% 2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Source: Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Sex, Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-national-detail.html#v2025

Hispanics Are Nearly a Decade Younger Than the U.S. Population Overall

MEDIAN AGE IN THE UNITED STATES 40.8

41.0

41.1

41.2

41.4

38.5

38.8

38.9

39.0

39.1

30.1

30.5

30.7

30.9

31.2

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

HISPANIC

NOT HISPANIC

US TOTAL POPULATION

Source: Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Sex, Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-national-detail.html#v2025

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

1 Hispanic Men and Women Are Significantly Younger Than Their NonHispanic Counterparts

POPULATION MEDIAN AGE IN THE UNITED STATES (Female & Male)

42.0

42.1

42.3

42.4

42.5

39.6 30.5 29.9

39.8 30.8 30.2

39.9 31.0 30.4

40.1 31.3 30.6

40.2 31.5 30.8

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

MALE NOT HISPANIC FEMALE NOT HISPANIC

MALE HISPANIC FEMALE HISPANIC

Source: Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Sex, Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-national-detail.html#v2025

% OF POPULATION 18–64 YEARS OLD IN THE UNITED STATES

In 2024, 62.06% 62.3% of 61.57% 61.75% 61.88% 61.18% 61.00% 60.81% Hispanics were 60.63% 61.09% 60.82% BetweenAges 60.55% 60.28% 18–64, Compared 2021 2023 2022 2020 With 60.1% of TOTAL US POP 18–64 YEARS OLD non-Hispanics. NOT HISPANIC POP 18–64 YEARS OLD HISPANIC POP 18–64 YEARS OLD

Source: Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Sex, Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-national-detail.html#v2025

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

62.31% 60.51% 60.06% 2024

Hispanics Steadily Remain One-Third of Arizona’s Population

POPULATION ARIZONA POPULATION - HISPANIC VS NON HISPANIC 68.1%

68.5%

2021

2022

HISPANIC

68.6%

69.0%

32.0%

31.9%

31.5% 2020

68.0%

31.4%

31.0% 2023

2024

NON HISPANIC

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES. American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Data Profiles, Table DP05. data.census.gov/table/ACSDP5Y2020.DP05?q=arizona+population

HISPANIC ORIGIN % - ARIZONA

Arizona's 10.5% 1.6% Hispanic 2.7% Market is Almost Entirely 85.2% Mexican-Origin

MEXICAN PUERTO RICAN CUBAN OTHER HISPANIC OR LATINO

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates. American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Data Profiles, Table DP05. data.census.gov/table/ACSDP1Y2024.DP05?q=arizona+population&g=010XX00US

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

POPULATION HISPANIC ORIGIN % - UNITED STATES

More Than 29.4% Half of All U.S. Hispanics Are of 4.3% Mexican 9.0% Origin

MEXICAN PUERTO RICAN

57.3%

CUBAN OTHER HISPANIC OR LATINO

FOREIGN-BORN SHARE OF THE POPULATION

In 2024, 2024 2023 Immigrants 2022 2021 Accounted for 2019 2018 14.8% of the 2017 U.S. Population — 2016 2015 Highest Level in 2014 2013 2012 Over a Decade 2011

14.8% 14.3% 13.9% 13.6% 13.7% 13.7% 13.7% 13.5% 13.5% 13.3% 13.1% 13.0% 13.0% 12.9% 12.6%

2010 2009

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from "Foreign-born share of the US population" line chart. Original analysis by USAFacts, "How many immigrants are in the US?", USAFacts. usafacts.org/answers/how-many-immigrants-are-in-the-us/country/united-states/

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

POPULATION FOREIGN-BORN SHARE OF THE POPULATION

Top U.S. States by Immigrant Population Share (2024)

27.70% 25% 23.30% 23.10% 19.90% 18.80% 18.60% 18.40% 17.10% 16.10%

CALIFORNIA NEW JERSEY NEW YORK FLORIDA NEVADA MASSACHUSETTS HAWAII TEXAS MARYLAND WASHINGTON

Top 5 Immigrant Origin Countries in the U.S. (2023)

BIRTHPLACE OF U.S. IMMIGRANTS — SHARE OF ALL IMMIGRANTS (In Millions)

11.4

MEXICO INDIA CHINA PHILIPPINES CUBA

3.2 3 2.1 1.7

Source: Kramer, S., & Passel, J. S. (2025, August 21). What the data says about immigrants in the U.S. Pew Research Center. www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/08/21/key-findings-about-us-immigrants/#where-are-u-s-immigrants-from

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

POPULATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT 2024 ESTIMATES

Educational GRADUATE OR PROFESSIONAL DEGREE Attainment of BACHELOR'S DEGREE Immigrant vs. SOME COLLEGE OR ASSOCIATE'S DEGREE HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE Native-Born (INCLUDES EQUIVALENCY) LESS THAN HIGH SCHOOL Adults, 2024 GRADUATE

FOREIGN-BORN

16% 14% 20% 23% 18% 30% 22% 27% 24%

NATIVE

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. (2024). Selected characteristics of the native and foreign-born populations (ACSST1Y2024.S0501). American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2024.S0501?q=S0501:+SELECTED+CHARACTERISTICS+OF+THE+NATIVE+AND+FOREIGN-BORN+POPULATIONS&g=010XX00US

Citizenship and Legal Status Composition of the U.S. Immigrant Population

LEGAL STATUS OF IMMIGRANTS IN THE U.S. (2023)

4% 23%

NATURALIZED CITIZENS UNAUTHORIZED IMMIGRANTS

46% 27%

LAWFUL PERMANENT RESIDENTS TEMPORARY LAWFUL RESIDENT

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

1 The Age Gap Is Widening: Hispanic Population Stays Young as Non-Hispanics Grow Older

POPULATION U.S. HISPANIC AND NON-HISPANIC POPULATION By Age Group (2020–2024)

62% 63% 62% 62% 63%

60% 59% 60% 59% 59%

30% 29% 30% 29% 28%

21% 22%

19% 19%

20% 21% 22%

8% 9% 20% 19% 19% 8% 8% 9% UNDER 18 YEARS

18 TO 64 YEARS

65 YEARS AND UNDER 18 OVER YEARS

HISPANIC 2020

18 TO 64 YEARS

65 YEARS AND OVER

NOT HISPANIC

2021

2022

2023

2024

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. (2025, June). Annual estimates of the resident population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin for the United States: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2024 (NC-EST2024-ASR6H). Vintage 2024 Population Estimates. www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-national-detail.html

Arizona's Population Growth Is Concentrated in Maricopa and Pinal Counties — While Rural Counties Stagnate or Decline

COUNTY

2020

2025

% Change

PINAL YUMA MOHAVE YAVAPAI MARICOPA SANTA CRUZ GRAHAM NAVAJO PIMA LA PAZ GILA COCHISE COCONINO APACHE GREENLEE

430,231 205,618 214,167 237,223 4,445,025 47,711 38,626 106,748 1,045,245 16,562 53,338 125,527 145,182 65,913 9,531

539,380 224,449 228,102 252,552 4,689,558 50,020 40,157 109,946 1,074,685 16,711 53,801 126,332 144,368 64,445 9,312

25.4% 9.2% 6.5% 6.5% 5.5% 4.8% 4.0% 3.0% 2.8% 0.9% 0.9% 0.6% -0.6% -2.2% -2.3%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. (2026, March). Annual estimates of the resident population for counties in Arizona: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2025 (CO-EST2025-POP-04). Vintage 2025 Population Estimates. www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-counties-total.html

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

POPULATION ARIZONA HISPANIC POPULATION

Two of Arizona's APACHE COCHISE COCONINO Border Counties GILA GRAHAM Are Majority GREENLEE LA PAZ Hispanic, MARICOPA MOHAVE NAVAJO Anchoring the PIMA COUNTY COUNTY State's Binational SANTAPINAL CRUZ COUNTY YAVAPAI COUNTY Economy YUMA COUNTY

By County (2020–2024)

93.6% 65.3% 84.5% 82.0% 69.2% 53.3% 74.4% 68.8% 82.9% 89.1% 63.6% 70.2% 17.5% 84.6% 35.1%

6.4% 34.7% 15.5% 18.0% 30.8% 46.7% 25.6% 31.2% 17.1% 10.9% 36.4% 29.8% 82.5% 15.4% 64.9%

HISPANIC OR LATINO (OF ANY RACE)

NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO

Source: U.S Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table DP05 (2020-2024) data.census.gov/table?g=040XX00US04$0500000

One in Five Arizonans Speaks Spanish at Home, Compared With One in Eight Nationally

LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME

UNITED STATES

ARIZONA

ENGLISH ONLY

78.3%

73.4%

LANGUAGE OTHER THAN ENGLISH

21.7%

26.6%

SPANISH

13.3%

20.1%

OTHER INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES

3.7%

2.0%

ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER LANGUAGES

3.5%

2.0%

OTHER LANGUAGES

1.2%

2.4%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. (2024). Selected social characteristics in the United States (Table DP02). American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2020–2024. data.census.gov/table/ACSDP5Y2024.DP02?g=010XX00US_040XX00US04

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

POPULATION HISPANIC OR LATINO POPULATION

With 2.4 Million Hispanic Residents, Arizona Ranks 6th Among All States

By State (2024)

MASSACHUSETTS NEVADA VIRGINIA NEW MEXICO WASHINGTON PENNSYLVANIA GEORGIA NORTH CAROLINA COLORADO NEW JERSEY ARIZONA ILLINOIS NEW YORK FLORIDA TEXAS CALIFORNIA

998,795 999,427 1,017,833 1,046,253 1,194,522 1,232,617 1,299,200 1,324,570 1,382,948 2,229,464 2,435,661 2,462,768 4,019,288 6,706,088

12,602,305 16,069,214

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. (2024). Hispanic or Latino origin (Table K200301). American Community Survey 1-Year Supplemental Estimates. data.census.gov/table/ACSSE2024.K200301?g=010XX00US,$0400000

HISPANIC SHARE OF TOTAL POPULATION

Arizona Ranks 4th Nationally in Hispanic Population Share at 32%

Selected States (2024)

NEW MEXICO CALIFORNIA TEXAS ARIZONA NEVADA FLORIDA NEW JERSEY COLORADO NEW YORK ILLINOIS CONNECTICUT RHODE ISLAND UTAH OREGON

49.1% 40.8% 40.3% 32.1% 30.6% 28.7% 23.5% 23.2% 20.2% 19.4% 19.2% 18.8% 16.9% 15.5%

HISPANIC OR LATINO

NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. (2024). Hispanic or Latino origin (Table K200301). American Community Survey 1-Year Supplemental Estimates. data.census.gov/table/ACSSE2024.K200301?g=010XX00US,$0400000

50.9% 59.2% 59.7% 67.9% 69.4% 71.3% 76.5% 76.8% 79.8% 80.6% 80.8% 81.2% 83.1% 84.5%

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

U.S. Hispanic Educational Attainment Has Increased Consistently from 2020 to 2024

POPULATION HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT IN THE UNITED STATES 70.3%

72.4%

73.1%

73.4%

74.1%

17.6%

19.7%

20.4%

20.8%

21.5%

2021 2022 2023 HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE OR HIGHER BACHELOR'S DEGREE OR HIGHER

2024

2020

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from Table S1501, Educational Attainment. Original analysis by U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (2021–2024). data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2024.S1501?g=010XX00US

Arizona Hispanic Educational Attainment Has Also Increased Consistently from 2020 to 2024

HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT IN ARIZONA 71.7%

74.1%

75.0%

75.4%

76.4%

14.3%

16.5%

17.2%

17.8%

18.9%

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE OR HIGHER BACHELOR'S DEGREE OR HIGHER

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

POPULATION

CHAPTER 1 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Population Insights

U.S. by Hispanic Origin 4% 4%

Hispanic Origin

Mexican Central American:

Puerto Rican 9%

57%

South American: Other Hispanic … Cuban

11%

Dominican (Do…

Hispanic % by State Top 15 States with Largest % of Hispanics

Race/Ethnicity Hispanic or Latino Not Hispanic or Latino 100%

All

Gender All



50%

U.S. Population by Year

1.6bn 0%

t d ico nia exas zona vada ida rsey rado York inois ticu r r x lan o o l e c i s l e f l o T I r i e I l e l J w F t M A N w er nn Co de w Ca Ne 1.5bn Pu Ne Co Rho Ne co

i oR

Source: DATOS Interactive — Population Dashboard

1.4bn 27

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

Year

e Or

POPULATION

U.S. by Hispanic Origin

Hispanic % by State Top 15 States with Largest % of Hispanics

CHAPTER 1 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD 4% 4%

Hispanic Origin

Hispanic or Latino

Mexican

Not Hispanic or Latino

100%

Central American:

Population Insights Puerto Rican

57%

South American:

50%

Other Hispanic …

Cuban

11%

Dominican (Do…

Race/Ethnicity

rto

e Pu

w Ne

s y k o a a o d is ia ut da or rid erse ad xic forn Texa izon no tic Islan va Illi lor ew Y ec li J Flo Ar Ne w nn Co de Ca N e o o h N C R

All



All



U.S. Population by Year



U.S. by Age Group - Top 10

1.6bn 4%

Age Group

Under 18 years

1.5bn

27%

Median Age

1.4bn

1.3bn

60 to 64 years

39.04

65 years and over Under 5 years

55 to 59 years 65 to 69 years

8% 22%

1.2bn

Year

Gender

All

70 to 74 years

14% 2010

2015

2020

2025

Arizona by Hispanic Origin 5%

Hispanic Origin Mexican Other Hispanic … Central American: Puerto Rican South American: Cuban 85%

Dominican (Do…

Source: DATOS Interactive — Population Dashboard

Race/Ethnicity All

Gender

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET All 

POPULATION

CHAPTER 1 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Population Insights

Hispanic % by County Hispanic or Latino

Not Hispanic or Latino

100%

50%

Hispanic % by County

Arizona by Hispanic Origin 5%

Hispanic or Latino

Hispanic Origin

Not Hispanic or Latino

100%

Mexican Other Hispanic …

nty

Central American:

nty

50%

ntyPuertouRican nty unty unty unty unty unty unty unty unty unty z … ou u u u u o o o o South American:o C C C C C C Co 0% z Co a Co e Co o Co i Co o Co e Co Cr l a a e e a a a m tyil ty le m un un in nt im chis icop Cubanha aunvty unty ouinnty Countyvl Caoupntay Countay Cvoaunjty CountyaCcouhntyi County County County PaCruz …a CoG Co a Cho e Co aoCn P P85% a Yu reen e a a r o t Sa r e Dominican (Do… L San Yum eenl PMim ochis ariococp raham YPiana La Paz NGila ohave cAonpino avapa Navajo pache Co Ma G A Y M G C G MC Gr Co

Race/Ethnicity

Year

Gender

All



Year

Arizona Population by Year

All 35.9M



36M

All



Arizona by Age Group - Top 10 36.3M 5%

6% 35M

2020 35.9M

2021

18 to 64 years

Arizona by Age Group 39.09 - Top 10

36.3M

33.9M

18 years and over

Median Age

11%

2022

2023

Source: DATOS Interactive — Population Dashboard

3% 3% 2024

16% 2025

22%

6% 6% 7%

15 to 44 years

11%

25 to 44 years 21%

45 to 64 years

Age Group Under 18 years 16 years and over 18 years and over 18 to 64 years

Median Age

15 to 44 years

39.09 29



16 years and over

22%

34.4M 34M

Age Group

3% 3%

35.3M 34.9M



25 to 44 years

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET 45 to 64 years 21%

Under 18 years

IN FOCUS

POPULATION

PHOENIX SCHOLAR HOUSE

Breaking Barriers Through Housing, Education, and Opportunity BY ROBYN JULIEN

For many low-income parents, pursuing higher education while raising children can feel out of reach. The challenges of finding affordable housing, securing reliable childcare, maintaining employment and succeeding in school often force parents to put their educational goals on hold. As a result, opportunities for economic mobility can remain elusive for families striving to build a better future.

Robyn Julien, Chief Executive Officer, Save the Family Foundation of Arizona.

Family previously served through Save the Family's Housing Program Photos courtesy of Save Our Families

Phoenix Scholar House, a program of Save the Family Foundation of Arizona (Save the Family), was created to address these interconnected challenges through an innovative two-generation approach that supports both parents and their children.

For single parents, the competing demands of housing, childcare, employment and school can make degree completion particularly difficult. According to the Institute for Women's Policy Research, only 8% of single mothers who enroll in college earn an associate or bachelor's degree within six years. In contrast, graduation rates among participants in the Family Scholar House model have reached 89%, demonstrating the transformative impact of combining stable housing with education-focused support services.

As the exclusive Family Scholar House affiliate in Arizona, Phoenix Scholar House combines affordable housing, educational support and comprehensive services to help low-income parent scholars achieve degree completion, career advancement and long-term economic self-sufficiency. The program is based on the nationally recognized Family Scholar House model, which has helped thousands of families across the country achieve educational and economic success.

Located in Phoenix, the community includes 56 affordable housing units, with 20 units designated specifically for parent scholars 30

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

IN FOCUS

POPULATION

PHOEN IX SCHOLAR HOUSE: BREAKI NG BARRI ERS TH ROUGH HOUSI NG, EDUCATION, AN D OPPORTU N ITY

Former recipients of Save the Family Children's Services

enrolled full-time in higher education or workforce training programs. Residents have access to one-, two-, and three-bedroom apartments, along with services designed to reduce barriers to educational attainment and family stability. Beyond housing, the community was intentionally designed to support family success. Residents have access to academic and career coaching, financial aid and scholarship assistance, childcare coordination and basic-needs resources. Additional amenities, including a community gathering space, computer lab, fitness room, children's play area, and secure bike storage help foster connection, wellness and educational achievement. Located near colleges, workforce opportunities and healthcare providers, Phoenix Scholar House reduces many of the barriers that often prevent parents from completing their education.

Phoenix Scholar House Grand Opening

82% of occupied units are headed by single parents, highlighting the program's commitment to supporting families who often face some of the greatest barriers to higher education, affordable housing and economic opportunity.

The program's two-generation model recognizes that investments in parents create lasting benefits for children. By helping parents complete degrees, obtain workforce credentials and secure higher-paying careers, Phoenix Scholar House creates a pathway to greater family stability and long-term economic mobility. At the same time, children benefit from a stable home environment and increased access to educational and developmental opportunities.

As a newly launched initiative, Phoenix Scholar House is expected to serve approximately 56 families representing more than 150 individuals through housing, while also providing case management and academic guidance to an additional 50 parent scholars who do not require housing but can benefit from supportive services. This expanded reach allows the program to impact a broader community of families working toward educational achievement and economic independence.

Phoenix Scholar House serves families from diverse backgrounds who are working to create brighter futures through education. Currently, 78% of residents identify as people of color, reflecting the diversity of Arizona's communities and workforce. Additionally,

As Arizona continues to experience workforce demands and housing affordability challenges, innovative models like Phoenix 31

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

IN FOCUS

POPULATION

PHOEN IX SCHOLAR HOUSE: BREAKI NG BARRI ERS TH ROUGH HOUSI NG, EDUCATION, AN D OPPORTU N ITY

Join us in creating pathways to opportunity. To learn more about Phoenix Scholar House, support parent scholars, or help expand access to affordable housing and education, visit www.savethefamily.org. Robyn Julien is Chief Executive Officer of Save the Family Foundation of Arizona, where she leads innovative programs that help prevent homelessness and promote housing stability, education, and economic mobility for more than 800 families annually across Maricopa County.

Front view Phoenix Scholar House

Scholar House demonstrate how housing can serve as a platform for educational attainment, economic mobility and generational change. By combining affordable housing, higher education and comprehensive support services, Save the Family is helping parent scholars earn credentials, secure sustainable careers and build stronger futures for themselves and their children. In doing so, Phoenix Scholar House is not only changing individual lives, it is strengthening Arizona's workforce, economy and communities for generations to come.

RESOURCES Save the Family Foundation of Arizona www.savethefamily.org 125 E University Drive, Mesa, AZ 85201 480.898.0228 • IG: savethefamily • FB: Save the Family AZ

NOTES

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

IN FOCUS

POPULATION

Investing in Our Community, Building Lasting Connections Veronica Grijalva, Market Manager for Hispanic banking at Desert Financial Credit Union

BY VERONICA GRIJALVA

At Desert Financial Credit Union, we believe that strong communities are built through meaningful relationships, trusted partnerships and a genuine commitment to helping people thrive. That belief has guided our efforts to deepen our connection with Arizona's Hispanic community through education, outreach, community engagement and increased access to financial resources.

AZHCC Health Fair

Photos courtesy of Desert Financial

Over the past several years, Desert Financial has expanded its involvement in community initiatives that support Hispanic families, entrepreneurs, students and small business owners throughout Arizona. By partnering with organizations that are already making a difference in the community, we have been able to provide financial education, support local events and connect individuals with resources designed to help them achieve their goals.

partnerships with organizations such as the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, ALL In Education, E.L.L.A., Amor Collective, Local First Arizona/Fuerza Local, and other community-focused nonprofits, we have worked alongside leaders who share our passion for creating opportunities and strengthening the financial well-being of Hispanic families and businesses. A key focus of our community efforts has been financial education. From workshops for first-time homebuyers and small business owners to educational events focused on building credit, savings, and long-term financial well-being, we have sought to provide practical resources that help individuals make informed financial

Our team has proudly participated in community events, health fairs, networking forums, cultural celebrations, business workshops and educational programs that create opportunities for meaningful conversations and lasting relationships. Through 33

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

IN FOCUS

POPULATION

I N V E S T I N G I N O U R C O M M U N I T Y, B U I L D I N G L A S T I N G C O N N E C T I O N S

At Desert Financial, we are honored to be part of a vibrant and growing community that contributes so much to Arizona's culture, economy and future. Our commitment goes beyond offering financial services. It is about supporting dreams, empowering families, investing in local businesses and helping create opportunities that strengthen our communities for generations to come. Together, we are building relationships, creating impact and helping more individuals achieve financial well-being. Veronica Grijalva serves as market manager for Hispanic banking at Desert Financial Credit Union. With a focus on financial well-being, community empowerment and authentic cultural connections. AZHCC Día de Los Muertos

decisions with confidence. Several of these programs have been delivered in Spanish to ensure they are accessible and relevant to the communities we serve.

RESOURCES

Perhaps most importantly, our work within the Hispanic community has been rooted in listening. Through ongoing conversations with community members, business owners, nonprofit leaders, and local partners, we continue to gain valuable insights into the needs, aspirations and experiences of the people we serve. These relationships allow us to be more responsive, more engaged and more impactful in our efforts.

148 N. 48th St. Phoenix, AZ 85034

Desert Financial Credit Union

Social Media: @desertfinancial • Instagram, Facebook, TikTok and YouTube

NOTES

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

EXCERPT

POPULATION

The Demographic Outlook: 2026 to 2056 Congressional Budget Office, Nonpartisan Analysis for the U.S. Congress

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

EXCERPT

POPULATION

The Demographic Outlook: 2026 to 2056 Population Growth and Contributing Factors Percent

Net immigration Population growth Births minus deaths

JANUARY JANUARY||2026 2021

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

POPULATION

EXCERPT

At a Glance The size of the U.S. population and its composition by age and sex have significant implications for the economy and the federal budget. For example, the number of people at the prime working ages of 25 to 54 affects the number of people who are employed, and the size of the population age 65 or older affects the number of Social Security and Medicare beneficiaries. In this report, the Congressional Budget Office describes its population projections, which underlie the baseline budget projections and economic forecast that the agency will publish in February 2026. The population projections reflect laws and policies that were in place as of September 30, 2025.

• Population. The Social Security area population is projected to increase from 349 million people

this year to 364 million in 2056. (That measure of the population, which is relevant for estimating payroll taxes and benefits for Social Security, includes residents of U.S. states and territories, as well as U.S. citizens, federal employees, and service members living abroad.) The segment of the population age 65 or older is projected to grow more quickly, on average, than younger groups, causing the average age of the population to rise.

• Population Growth. On the basis of recent laws, policies, and demographic trends, CBO projects that the rate of population growth will generally slow over the next 30 years, from an average of 0.3 percent a year in the next decade to an average of 0.1 percent a year from 2037 to 2056. The total population is projected to stop growing in 2056 and remain roughly the same size as in the previous year. Thereafter, the population is projected to shrink. Net immigration (the number of people who migrate to the United States minus the number who leave) is projected to become an increasingly important source of population growth in the coming years, as declining fertility rates cause the annual number of deaths to exceed the annual number of births starting in 2030. Without immigration, the population would begin to shrink in 2030.

• Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population. Some of CBO’s economic projections (such as of gross

domestic product and the labor force) depend on the number of people age 16 or older who are not on active duty with the armed forces or in institutions. CBO produces two projections of that civilian noninstitutionalized population using differing data from federal agencies. Each projection totals 301 million people in 2056, consistent with CBO’s projection of overall population growth.

• Changes Since January and September 2025. CBO typically publishes updated demographic

projections early in the calendar year. In 2025, it also released updated projections in September, which reflected laws and policies in place as of July 31. Compared with both of last year’s projections, the Social Security area population is now projected to grow more slowly over the next 30 years and to be smaller in 2055 (2.1 percent smaller than projected last January and 0.7 percent smaller than projected last September). Since January 2025, CBO has reduced its projections of fertility rates because of new information and a change in its methods. CBO has also reduced its projections of net immigration from 2025 to 2029 because of administrative actions taken by the current Administration, enactment of the 2025 reconciliation act (Public Law 119-21), and updates to past population data.

CBO’s projections of fertility, mortality, and net immigration rates are highly uncertain. Small differences between those projections and actual outcomes could compound over time and significantly THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S alter the demographic picture by the end of 37 the 30-year projection period. HISPANIC MARKET

EXCERPT

POPULATION

The Demographic Outlook: 2026 to 2056 The outlook for the U.S. economy and the federal budget depends on projected changes in the size and composition of the population. Each year, the Congressional Budget Office produces 30-year population projections that are based on existing laws and policies—in this case, as of September 30, 2025—and recent demographic trends. The projections provide a benchmark for assessing how potential legislation, administrative actions, and judicial decisions would affect the size and structure of the U.S. population. This report explains how CBO’s current population projections differ from the ones the agency released in January 2025 and then updated in September 2025 (to reflect laws and policies in place as of July 31, 2025).1 To project the U.S. population, CBO starts with recent data and then estimates future rates of fertility, mortality, and net immigration (the number of people who migrate to the United States minus the number who leave). In this report, the U.S. population is defined as the population used for estimating Social Security payroll taxes and benefits. (That measure, known as the Social Security area population, is described in Appendix C). In CBO’s projections, the population increases from 349 million people in 2026 to 364 million in 2056. Population growth slows during that period—from an average rate of 0.3 percent a year over the next decade to 0.1 percent a year thereafter. Through 2029, the population grows because more people are projected to migrate to the United States than to leave it (positive net immigration) and because the annual number of births is projected to exceed the annual number of deaths. Starting in 2030, declining fertility rates are projected to cause births to fall short of deaths. Over time, the negative net contribution of births and deaths increasingly offsets the positive contribution of net immigration, until population growth slows to zero in 2056. The population is projected to shrink thereafter. (For details about how CBO’s projections differ from those of other government forecasters, see Appendix A.) CBO’s population projections are highly uncertain, especially in the later years of the 2026–2056 period. If rates of fertility, mortality, or net immigration were higher or lower than CBO projects, the resulting population would differ in size and composition from the one described in this report. The effects of such differences would be larger in later years because the differences would compound over time. Population Growth and Contributing Factors Percent

In CBO’s projections, annual population growth generally slows over the next 30 years, reaching zero in 2056. Throughout that period, net Net immigration contributes to immigration population growth but is Population increasingly offset by the growth effect of annual deaths’ Births minus exceeding births. deaths

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

CHAPTER 2 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY CHARTS

42-52

•

HIGHLIGHTS: U.S. Latino Economic Growth

•

Arizona Hispanic Unemployment Has Fallen Every Year Since 2021, Reaching 4.2% in 2024 — Still Above the Total Arizona and White Rate

•

Hispanic Labor Force Participation Outpaces Non-Hispanic by 6 Percentage Points

•

Hispanic Labor Force Participation in Arizona Outpaces Non-Hispanic by 10.6 Points

•

Hispanic-Owned Firms Are 11% of Arizona Employers but Earn 3.4% of Revenue

•

Hispanic Workers are Overrepresented in Service, Construction, and Production — the Occupations That Keep the Economy Running

•

Latinas Own 29% of Arizona's Hispanic-Owned Employer Firms but Earn 15% of Their Revenue

•

In Arizona, Hispanic Overrepresentation in Service, Construction, and Production Runs Even Deeper Than Nationally

•

Hispanic Poverty Rates Exceed White Rates by 5 Points in Arizona and 7 Points Nationally

•

The Hispanic-White Income Gap is $15,000 Nationally but $11,000 in Arizona

•

Hispanic Workers Are in Agriculture, Construction, and Mining at Nearly Twice the Non-Hispanic Rate

•

Hispanic Workers Power Nearly Twice Their Share of Arizona's Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Jobs

Arizona Exports $14.6 Billion in Goods to Mexico — More Than the Next Four Partners Combined

•

Taiwan and Mexico Drive Arizona's Imports: $30.7 Billion in Goods From the Top Two Partners in 2025

•

Computer and Electronic Products Lead Arizona Exports at $19.6 Billion — Nearly Triple the Next Sector

•

Latino-Owned Businesses are Driving U.S. Growth—+48% Firms, +29% Jobs, +68% Revenue

The Lending Gap Widens With Loan Size: Latino-Owned Firms Trail by 23 Points on $1M+ • Requests Hispanic Unemployment Has Run Above Both the White Rate and the National Average Every Year Since 2021

Computer and Electronic Products Dominate Arizona Imports at $30.3 Billion — Six Times Any Other Sector

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

CHAPTER 2 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD

53 55 59 66 72

Economic Opportunity Insights

IN FOCUS

EXCERPT

TURNING PROFIT INTO PURPOSE

How E.L.L.A. Is Building Opportunity for Latina Entrepreneurs in Arizona BY NADIA VASQUEZ

The 2026 LDC U.S. Latino Economic Impact Report – Part One

According to Latino Donor Collaborative's May 2026 report, The 2026 LDC U.S. Latino Economic Impact Report, the U.S. Latino GDP in 2024 was $4.4 trillion; between 2019 and 2024, it grew at an annualized rate of 5.4%.

Sueño Incompleto: A History of the Latino Wealth Gap in the U.S.

UCLA Latino Policy And Politics Institute, in partnership with Unidos US, examines how US policy systems such as immigration, land and housing, labor markets, public benefits, and education have shaped the Latino wealth gap.

The Inflation Hangover

The Common Sense's Institute's March 2026 report, The Inflation Hangover, ranked Arizona as the seventh least affordable state. According to the report, shelter and utility costs account for the highest increases for Arizona households.

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY HIGHLIGHTS: U.S. LATINO ECONOMIC GROWTH

U.S. Latino GDP reached $4 trillion in 2023, making it the fifth-largest economy in the world if measured independently— surpassing the U.K. and France and comparable to India’s GDP.

Since 2015, Latino GDP has grown by over 50%, compared to just 17% among non-Latinos. Over that same 2018–2023 period, Latino Purchasing Power increased from $2.8 trillion to $4.1 trillion.

Between 2018 and 2023, Latino Gross Domestic Income (GDI) rose from $2.1 trillion to $3.1 trillion.

Latino consumer spending exceeded $2.5 trillion in 2023, growing at a rate of 4.9% annually—more than double the rate of non-Latinos Source: Latino Donor Collaborative. (2025, September). The 2025 Official LDC U.S. Latino GDP Report™ – Part Two. Produced in collaboration with the W. P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University. latinodonorcollaborative.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/LDCRprtGDP-0925-FNL-MR-2.pdf

HIGHLIGHTS: U.S. LATINO ECONOMIC GROWTH As of the 2022 Economic Census, 5.66 million U.S. businesses with employees identified as Latino-owned, representing 16.3% of the total — generating nearly $1 trillion in sales and employing 3.8 million people that year.

As a share of total consumption, U.S. Latinos increased their footprint by 40% between 2012 (9.4% share) and 2023 (13.2% share).

As of 2023, Mexican Americans represented the majority of U.S. Latino GDP in key states, contributing over 75% of U.S. Latino GDP in California, Texas, and Arizona

U.S. Latino immigrants generated $1.6 trillion in GDP in 2023, accounting for 40% of the total U.S. Latino GDP, largely due to their high labor force participation and concentration in working-age groups

From 2017 to 2023, Latino-owned businesses added 180K firms (48% increase) and 976K jobs(29%), while White-owned firms lost 140K firms (-3%) and added 658K jobs (1%). Source: Latino Donor Collaborative. (2025, September). The 2025 Official LDC U.S. Latino GDP Report™ – Part Two. Produced in collaboration with the W. P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University. latinodonorcollaborative.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/LDCRprtGDP-0925-FNL-MR-2.pdf

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY HIGHLIGHTS: U.S. LATINO ECONOMIC GROWTH U.S. Latino immigrants generated $1.6 trillion in GDP in 2023, supported by high labor force participation and strong representation in working-age groups. U.S. Latinos were responsible for creating 3 out of every 10 new businesses in the United States between 2012 and 2022. U.S. Latinos spent $2.5 trillion on goods and services in 2023, which corresponds to 13.2% of the nation’s total personal consumption.

U.S. Latino-owned businesses grew more than 2.5 times faster than non-Latino-owned businesses over the 2012–2022 period

U.S. Latinos are overrepresented in the working-age population. Without them, the ratio of individuals 65 or older to those of working age worsens by 13% today and by 10% in 2055, placing additional strain on entitlement programs.

Source: Latino Donor Collaborative. (2025, September). The 2025 Official LDC U.S. Latino GDP Report™ – Part Two. Produced in collaboration with the W. P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University. latinodonorcollaborative.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/LDCRprtGDP-0925-FNL-MR-2.pdf

Hispanic Labor Force Participation Outpaces Non-Hispanic by 6 Percentage Points

U.S. LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION By Hispanic origin (2024)

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

68.5% 62.4% 64.7%

EMPLOYED

59.6%

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from Table S0201, Selected Population Profile in the United States. Original analysis by U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates Selected Population Profiles (2024). data.census.gov/table/ACSSPP1Y2024.S0201

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

Hispanic Labor Force Participation in Arizona Outpaces Non-Hispanic by 10.6 Points

ARIZONA LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION By Hispanic origin (2024)

68.5%

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

57.9% 65.1%

EMPLOYED

55.4%

Hispanic Workers are Overrepresented in Service, Construction, and Production — the Occupations That Keep the Economy Running

U.S. EMPLOYMENT

By Occupation and Hispanic Origin (2024) PRODUCTION, TRANSPORTATION, AND MATERIAL MOVING OCCUPATIONS NATURAL RESOURCES, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE OCCUPATIONS SALES AND OFFICE OCCUPATIONS SERVICE OCCUPATIONS MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, SCIENCE, AND ARTS OCCUPATIONS

NOT HISPANIC

11.6% 16.4% 6.8% 14.3% 19.2% 18.5% 15.1% 22.6% 47.3% 28.1% HISPANIC OR LATINO

CITATION : Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from Table S0201. Original analysis by U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates Selected Population Profiles (2024). data.census.gov/table/ACSSPP1Y2024.S0201

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

In Arizona, Hispanic Overrepresentation in Service, Construction, and Production Runs Even Deeper Than Nationally

ARIZONA EMPLOYMENT

By Occupation and Hispanic Origin (2024) 9.6% 14.8% 6.2% 14.2% 20.7% 20.3% 14.8% 21.9% 48.7% 28.7%

PRODUCTION, TRANSPORTATION, AND MATERIAL MOVING OCCUPATIONS NATURAL RESOURCES, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE OCCUPATIONS SALES AND OFFICE OCCUPATIONS SERVICE OCCUPATIONS MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, SCIENCE, AND ARTS OCCUPATIONS

NOT HISPANIC

HISPANIC OR LATINO

Hispanic Workers Are in Agriculture, Construction, and Mining at Nearly Twice the Non-Hispanic Rate

U.S. EMPLOYMENT

By Industry and Hispanic Origin (2024) PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT, FOOD SERVICE, AND OTHER SERVICES EDUCATION, HEALTHCARE, AND SOCIAL SERVICES

TRANSPORTATION, WAREHOUSING, AND UTILITIES TRADE MANUFACTURING AGRICULTURE, CONSTRUCTION, AND MINING

NOT HISPANIC

13.0%

16.8% 19.0%

PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS SERVICES FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE

5.0%

3.6%

11.8% 4.8%

25.0% 13.1%

7.0% 5.7%

6.7%

13.0% 9.1%

12.4% 9.7%

7.1% 13.9%

HISPANIC OR LATINO

CITATION : Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from Table S0201, Selected Population Profile in the United States; industry categories aggregated by AZHCC. Original analysis by U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates Selected Population Profiles (2024). data.census.gov/table/ACSSPP1Y2024.S0201

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

Hispanic Workers Power Nearly Twice Their Share of Arizona's Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Jobs

ARIZONA EMPLOYMENT

By Industry and Hispanic Origin (2024) 4.6% 4.4% 14.0% 15.7% 23.9% 19.1% 13.0% PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS SERVICES 11.5% 9.5% FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 6.1% 5.3% TRANSPORTATION, WAREHOUSING, AND UTILITIES 6.7% 13.3% TRADE 13.4% 7.5% MANUFACTURING 7.8% 7.2% AGRICULTURE, CONSTRUCTION, AND MINING 14.1% NOT HISPANIC HISPANIC OR LATINO

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT, FOOD SERVICE, AND OTHER SERVICES EDUCATION, HEALTHCARE, AND SOCIAL SERVICES

Source: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from Table S0201, Selected Population Profile in the United States; industry categories aggregated by AZHCC. Original analysis by U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates Selected Population Profiles (2024). data.census.gov/table/ACSSPP1Y2024.S0201

Latino-Owned Businesses are Driving U.S. Growth— +48% Firms, +29% Jobs, +68% Revenue

U.S. LATINO-OWNED VS. WHITE-OWNED BUSINESS GROWTH (2017–2023)

48%

29%

68% 45% 1%

-3% LATINO-OWNED

WHITE-OWNED

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from Figures 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3. Original analysis by Chávez Zárate, R., Orozco, M., & Alcocer, J., 2025 State of Latino Entrepreneurship (March 2026), Stanford Latino Entrepreneurship Initiative, Stanford Graduate School of Business. www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/publication/pdfs/state-of-latino-entrepreneurship-report-2025.pdf

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

The Lending Gap Widens With Loan Size: Latino-Owned Firms Trail by 23 Points on $1M+ Requests

SHARE OF BUSINESSES RECEIVING FULL FUNDING REQUESTED 60% 46%

By Loan Size (2024) 55%

40%

49% 36%

36%

45%

44% 22%

$50,000 – $100,000 – $250,000 – $500,000 – $1,000,000+ $99,999 $249,999 $499,999 $999,999

LATINO-OWNED

WHITE-OWNED

Hispanic Unemployment Has Run Above Both the White Rate and the National Average Every Year Since 2021

U.S. UNEMPLOYMENT RATES (2021–2025)

6.8 5.4 4.7

2021

4.3 3.7

4.6 3.6

5.1 4.0

3.2

3.3

3.6

2022

2023

2024

TOTAL U.S.

WHITE

HISPANIC

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from annual averages of monthly series. Original data from U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Unemployment Rate [UNRATENSA], Unemployment Rate - White [LNU04000003], and Unemployment Rate - Hispanic or Latino [LNU04000009], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (April 23, 2026) fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?id=UNRATENSA,LNU04000003,LNU04000009,#

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

Arizona Hispanic Unemployment Has Fallen Every Year Since 2021, Reaching 4.2% in 2024 — Still Above the Total Arizona and White Rate

ARIZONA UNEMPLOYMENT RATES (2021–2024)

5.7% 5.1% 5.0%

4.5% 4.0%

4.3% 3.9%

3.9% 2021

3.6%

2022 TOTAL ARIZONA

4.2%

3.4%

2023 WHITE

2024

HISPANIC OR LATINO

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population in States by Sex, Race, Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity, and Intermediate Age (2021–2024). Original analysis by U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Expanded State Employment Status Demographic Data. www.bls.gov/lau/ex14tables.htm

Hispanic-Owned Firms Are 11% of Arizona Employers but Earn 3.4% of Revenue ARIZONA HISPANIC-OWNED VS. TOTAL EMPLOYER FIRMS 2023

METRIC NUMBER OF FIRMS REVENUE ($) EMPLOYEES ANNUAL PAYROLL ($)

Total Arizona

Hispanic-Owned

Hispanic Share

119,314 $890.2B 2,721,965 $164.6B

13,239 $30.2B 122,794 $5.4B

11.10% 3.40% 4.50% 3.30%

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from Table AB2300CSA01. Original analysis by U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Business Survey: Statistics for Employer Firms by Industry, Sex, Ethnicity, Race, and Veteran Status for Arizona: 2023 (November 2025). data.census.gov/table/ABSCS2023.AB2300CSA01?g=040XX00US04

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

Latinas Own 29% of Arizona's Hispanic-Owned Employer Firms but Earn 15% of Their Revenue ARIZONA LATINA-OWNED VS. ALL HISPANIC-OWNED EMPLOYER FIRMS 2023

METRIC NUMBER OF FIRMS REVENUE ($) EMPLOYEES ANNUAL PAYROLL ($)

All Hispanic-Owned

Latina-Owned

Latina Share

13,239 $30.2B 122,794 $5.4B

3,897 $4.6B 31,530 $1.09B

29.40% 15.10% 25.70% 20.00%

Hispanic Poverty Rates Exceed White Rates by 5 Points in Arizona and 7 Points Nationally

U.S. AND ARIZONA POVERTY RATES By Hispanic Origin (2024)

11.7% ARIZONA

8.9% 14.1% 12.1%

U.S.

9.1% 16.2% TOTAL

WHITE (NOT HISPANIC)

HISPANIC

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from Table S1701. Original analysis by U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months (2024). data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2024.S1701?g=010XX00US040XX00US04_040XX00US04

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

The HispanicWhite Income Gap is $15,000 Nationally but $11,000 in Arizona

U.S. AND ARIZONA MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME By Hispanic Origin (2024)

$87,572 $72,574

$81,604

$74,892

UNITED STATES

HISPANIC OR LATINO

$86,126 $81,486

ARIZONA

WHITE (NOT HISPANIC)

TOTAL

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from Table S1903. Original analysis by U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Median Income in the Past 12 Months (2024). data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2024.S1903?g=040XX00US04

Arizona Exports $14.6 Billion in Goods to Mexico — More Than the Next Four Partners Combined

ARIZONA TOP GOODS EXPORT PARTNERS IN 2025 Numbers in Billions

$14.6

$1.6

$2.4

$2.8

GERMANY NETHERLANDS CANADA

$4.5 TAIWAN

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from the Arizona State Trade and Economy Factsheet, top goods export markets. Original analysis by International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce (2025 data) www.trade.gov/data-visualization/state-trade-and-economy-factsheets

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

MEXICO

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

Taiwan and Mexico Drive Arizona's Imports: $30.7 Billion in Goods From the Top Two Partners in 2025

ARIZONA TOP GOODS IMPORT PARTNERS IN 2025 Numbers in Billions

$16.7 $14.0

$2.8

CANADA

MALAYSIA

CHINA

MEXICO

TAIWAN

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from the Arizona State Trade and Economy Factsheet, top goods import markets. Original analysis by International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce (2025 data). www.trade.gov/data-visualization/state-trade-and-economy-factsheets

Computer and Electronic Products Lead Arizona Exports at $19.6 Billion — Nearly Triple the Next Sector

ARIZONA TOP GOODS EXPORT SECTORS IN 2025 Numbers in Billions

$19.6

COMPUTER & ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

$6.7

MINERALS & ORES

$2.7

MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL

$2.7

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS

$2.2

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from the Arizona State Trade and Economy Factsheet, top goods export sectors. Original analysis by International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce (2025 data). www.trade.gov/data-visualization/state-trade-and-economy-factsheets

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

Computer and Electronic Products Dominate Arizona Imports at $30.3 Billion — Six Times Any Other Sector

ARIZONA TOP GOODS IMPORT SECTORS IN 2025 Numbers in Billions

$30.3

COMPUTER & ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL

$4.8

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, APPLIANCES & COMPONENTS

$4.1

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

$3.5

GOODS RETURNED (EXPORTS FOR CANADA ONLY)

$3.2

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from the Arizona State Trade and Economy Factsheet, top goods import sectors. Original analysis by International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce (2025 data). www.trade.gov/data-visualization/state-trade-and-economy-factsheets

NOTES

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

CHAPTER 2 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Economic Opportunity Insights

Year 2021

2022

2023

2024

U.S. % Employed by Gender Men

2025

U.S. Median Income by Race/Ethnicity

Women

$117K $100K

$87K

$83K

$77K

$73K

$68K

$64K

$57K

$50K

46.1% 53.9%

$0K Asian

White

Native Two or more Hawaiian and races Other Pacific Islander

U.S. Unemployment Rate White

Hispanic or Latino

5.4% 4.3%

3.2%

5.1%

4.6% 3.7%

3.6%

3.3%

5.1% 4.0%

3.6%

4.3%

3.8%

2022

2023

Black or African American

South Dakota

Nebraska

Minnesota

North Dakota

Iowa

Utah

Wisconsin

Kansas

Virginia

63 0

2021

Native American

U.S. % Employed by State

6.8%

4.7%

Some other race

Total U.S.

Hispanic or Latino

2024

2025

Source: DATOS Interactive — Economic Opportunity Dashboard

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

CHAPTER 2 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Economic Opportunity Insights

Year 2021

2022

2023

Arizona % Employed by Gender Men

2024

Arizona Median Income by Race/Ethnicity

Women

$104K $100K

$86K

$77K

$75K

$71K

$68K

$64K

$56K

$50K

45.1% 54.9%

$0K Asian

White

Two or more races

Hispanic or Latino

Some other race

Black or African American

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander

Native American

Arizona % Unemployed by Race/Ethnicity Asian

Black or African American

Hispanic or Latino

Total

White

6 5.7 5.1 4.5 4.0

4.3

4 3.9

4.2 3.6

2 2021

2022

2023

Source: DATOS Interactive — Economic Opportunity Dashboard

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

2024

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

INEXCERPT FOCUS

TURNING PROFIT INTO PURPOSE

How E.L.L.A. Is Building Opportunity for Latina Entrepreneurs in Arizona BY NADIA VASQUEZ

Some people talk about giving back. For Stephanie Vasquez, it has been a way of life. For nearly two decades, Stephanie has worked at the intersection of business and community, viewing commercial success not as an end in itself, but as fuel for something larger: creating economic opportunity for Latina women and underrepresented entrepreneurs in Arizona. That philosophy is at the heart of ELLA — Empowering Latina Leaders in Arizona. Stephanie’s journey toward founding ELLA began with a statistic she encountered in 2015. Latina and Indigenous women were among the lowest-paid groups in the country for equivalent work. As a Latina, a mother, a business owner and a first-generation college graduate who had built businesses of her own, the reality was difficult to accept. Her response was not simply to talk about the problem. She decided to build an alternative.

ELLA Founder and CEO Stephanie Vasquez (left) and Marketing Director Nadia Vasquez (right), representing the leadership behind ELLA’s mission to empower Latina and women of color entrepreneurs across Arizona.

What began as a single community pop-up market on Latina Equal Pay Day was created to shift the narrative from disparity to achievement. The event celebrated Latina-owned businesses and gave entrepreneurs an opportunity to showcase their products, connect with customers and generate income.

Photo by Eboni Key – Key Media Studio

That first market became the foundation for ELLA, which Stephanie formally founded as a nonprofit in 2018. What started as one event evolved into an ecosystem designed to provide Latina and women of color with the opportunity, education, visibility and community needed to thrive in business and leadership.

Only 15 businesses participated in that first Mujeres Mercado. But the community response made something clear: there was a need for more. People showed up. They asked for more. They needed more.

Today, ELLA operates through three flagship programs: Mujeres Mercado, Amor Collective and Amor Amigas.

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

INEXCERPT FOCUS

TU RN I NG PROFIT I NTO PU RPOSE: HOW E.L.L.A. IS BU I LDI NG OPPORTU N ITY FOR LATI NA ENTREPREN EU RS I N ARIZONA

The Season 5 cohort of Amor Collective brings together 36 entrepreneurs and businesses for a new season of business education, retail experience, coaching, and community through ELLA’s business incubator program. Photo by Renaldo Key – Key Media Studio

Mujeres Mercado provides direct market access, giving entrepreneurs opportunities to showcase their businesses and connect with customers. What began with 15 vendors has grown into a recurring marketplace serving entrepreneurs and communities throughout the Phoenix metropolitan area.

creates space for connection, personal development, continued education and authentic community among women navigating leadership and entrepreneurship. Together, the programs reflect a simple belief: belonging in business is not something that is granted. It is something that is built through opportunity, visibility, access and community.

Amor Collective takes that opportunity a step further. Launched in 2023, the hybrid retail storefront and business incubator gives entrepreneurs real-world retail experience alongside business education, coaching and a network of peers. Since its launch, Amor Collective has showcased more than 87 Latina-owned businesses, provided more than 2,000 hours of

Since its founding, ELLA has raised more than $400,000 in programmatic funding and driven nearly $200,000 in documented economic impact through Mujeres Mercado. In 2026, Amor Collective’s fifth season will feature 36 businesses and entrepreneurs participating in its incubator programming and support network. ELLA’s programming reaches communities throughout Phoenix, Goodyear, Peoria and Tempe.

one-on-one and group coaching, and generated more than $1.5 million in direct retail sales for participating entrepreneurs. Amor Amigas recognizes another important part of entrepreneurship: community. Building a business can be isolating, particularly for women of color who may not have generational business knowledge or established support systems. Amor Amigas

BUT THE NUMBERS TELL ONLY PART OF THE STORY. At the center of ELLA’s work is Stephanie’s belief that economic empowerment has a ripple effect. When an entrepreneur gains the

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

INEXCERPT FOCUS

TU RN I NG PROFIT I NTO PU RPOSE: HOW E.L.L.A. IS BU I LDI NG OPPORTU N ITY FOR LATI NA ENTREPREN EU RS I N ARIZONA

Members of the Amor Amigas community gather for an evening of connection, collaboration, and personal growth. Amor Amigas creates space for Latina women and entrepreneurs to build meaningful relationships, access support, and celebrate one another’s successes.

Community members gather for a blessing before the start of ELLA’s Noche de Amor annual fundraiser, creating a moment of gratitude, reflection, and intention before the evening’s celebration.

Photo by Eboni Key – Key Media Studio

knowledge and confidence to grow a business, that success can extend to a family, create opportunities for employees, strengthen a neighborhood, and inspire another person to believe that entrepreneurship is possible for them, too. Stephanie’s approach to leadership has been shaped by the same values that guide ELLA. She is also the founder and owner of Fair Trade Café, a longtime Phoenix business built around sustainability, community, and ethical enterprise. Across both her for-profit and nonprofit work, she has consistently looked for ways to turn business success into community impact.

FOR STEPHANIE, THE WORK IS DEEPLY PERSONAL. “This is how I’ve curated my life. There’s a lot of responsibility in it, but it feels really good to look in the mirror at the end of the day and say: I did good work today.” Her own path serves as an example to the entrepreneurs ELLA supports. A third-generation Phoenix native and Arizona State University graduate, Stephanie was the first in her family to graduate from college. She ultimately left a teaching career to pursue entrepreneurship, built a successful business, and transformed one community event into an organization dedicated to helping others build businesses of their own.

Mujeres Mercado brings entrepreneurs, shoppers, and community members together at a vibrant marketplace in Goodyear, Arizona, creating opportunities for Latina and underrepresented small business owners to showcase their products and connect with new customers. Photo by Jose Pacheco

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

INEXCERPT FOCUS

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

TU RN I NG PROFIT I NTO PU RPOSE: HOW E.L.L.A. IS BU I LDI NG OPPORTU N ITY FOR LATI NA ENTREPREN EU RS I N ARIZONA

HER ADVICE TO ASPIRING ENTREPRENEURS IS SIMPLE:

Management. She believes that when women are given the opportunity, resources, and community to believe in themselves, there is no limit to what they can build.

“Move. Even if it’s small. Even if it’s imperfect.”

That philosophy captures what ELLA hopes to make possible for the next generation of Latina leaders.

RESOURCES

The goal is not simply to help women start businesses. It is to help them see themselves as founders, leaders, decision-makers and people who belong at every table.

Empowering Latina Leaders in Arizona (ELLA) 1024 N. 1st Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85004 623-628-0711

Because when women have access to opportunity, education, visibility and community, their success does not stop with them.

www.azella.org

It becomes something they can pass forward.

www.amorcollectiveaz.com

That is what Stephanie Vasquez has spent nearly two decades building: not just businesses or programs, but pathways for others to succeed.

Stephanie Vasquez, Founder & CEO stephanie@azella.org

Social Media

Turning profit into purpose. Purpose into community. And community into possibility.

• • • • •

Nadia Vasquez is the marketing director for ELLA (Empowering Latina Leaders in Arizona), where she has been part of the organization since its beginning. She leads ELLA’s marketing, social media, creative direction, community events and entrepreneur support, helping bring the vision of ELLA and its programs to life. Nadia holds a Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration and a Master’s degree in Global

ELLA IG: @azellaorg Amor Collective IG: @amorcollectiveaz Amor Amigas IG: @AMORAMIGAS Stephanie Vasquez IG: @the_stephanie_vasquez Nadia Vasquez IG: @nadiavasquezz

NOTES

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

EXCERPT

The 2026 LDC U.S. Latino Economic Impact Report – Part One W. P. Carey School of Business at Arizona State University, U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, and Bureau of Labor Statistics

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

EXCERPT

$4.4 Trillion

The 2026 LDC U.S. Latino Economic Impact Report Growth engine of the U.S. economy Part One · May 2026

Research Partner

W P Carey

School of Business Arizona State University

LatinoDonorCollaborative.org

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

EXCERPT

Executive Summary

The 2026 LDC U.S. Latino Economic Impact Report The growth engine of the U.S. economy — and the central market opportunity of the next decade. 4th largest economy in the world

Growing 2x faster than non-Latinos

3rd largest consumer market in the world

U.S. Latino GDP, 2024

U.S. Latino GDI, 2024

U.S. Latino Household Consumption, 2024

$4.4T $3.4T $2.8T

In 2024, U.S. Latinos generated $4.4 trillion in economic output — a figure that, considered on its own, would rank as the fourth-largest economy in the world, ahead of Japan, India, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Canada. With roughly 20% of the U.S. population, this cohort accounted for 28.2% of total U.S. economic growth in 2024 — the equivalent of $419 billion in additional GDP in a single year. This is not a niche segment to be courted at the margins. It is the single most powerful growth engine in the American economy and the country’s most significant competitive differentiator.

LatinoDonorCollaborative.org

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

EXCERPT

Executive Summary

The fastest-growing major economy in the world Momentum is what makes the story impossible to ignore. U.S. Latino GDP grew at an annualized 5.4% between 2019 and 2024 — more than double the 2.4% national rate, and faster than any major economy on earth, including China and the United States. That growth rests on two reinforcing forces: A rapidly expanding workforce. Latinos accounted for roughly two-thirds of all U.S. working-age population growth in 2024, with the Latino working-age population growing 4.9% year-over-year while the non-Hispanic White working-age population declined. Rising output per worker. Productivity is climbing alongside headcount, so the economy is growing on both volume and value (see income and mobility, below).

A consumer market larger than Germany’s U.S. Latino households spent $2.8 trillion in 2024 — more than the entire household consumption of Germany, and enough to rank as the third-largest consumer market among major economies, if measured as a standalone economy. Adjusted for inflation, that spending is expanding at 6.3% annually, nearly three times the pace of the rest of the U.S. consumer base. In 2025, Latino households drove 92.6% of all U.S. household formation; without them, national household growth would have effectively collapsed. According to NAHREP, in 2025, Latino households drove 92.6% of all U.S. household formation; without them, national household growth would have effectively collapsed. For any company assessing where demand will come from over the next decade, the answer is already visible in the data.

Source: 2025 State of Hispanic Homeownership Report, NAHREP

LatinoDonorCollaborative.org

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

EXCERPT

Executive Summary

Rising incomes and a story of economic mobility From homeownership to assets. 51% of Latino households in the U.S. were homeowners in 2025, converting rising incomes into the single largest driver of household wealth and a foundation for intergenerational mobility.

The deeper signal in the income data is mobility. Latino Gross Domestic Income reached $3.4 trillion in 2024 — up $250 billion, or 8%, in a single year, and it is growing roughly twice as fast as that of non-Latinos. Critically, this reflects not just more earners but higher earnings per person: inflation-adjusted GDP per capita among U.S. Latinos is rising nearly 3% annually, almost double the rest of the economy, narrowing the per-capita gap over time. A population whose individual incomes are climbing is a market that is deepening, not merely widening — trading up in categories, qualifying for credit and homeownership, and shifting from price-driven to value- and brand-driven purchasing.

A demographic tailwind to income. With the most common U.S. Latino age range at 16–20, a large share of the cohort is still entering its peak earning years — implying that aggregate income and per-capita income are positioned to compound for decades.

Wealth-building through ownership. Proprietor’s income — the earnings of owner-operated businesses — accrues to Latinos at 15.7%, well above what their ~20%-of-population share would suggest for a historically lower-income cohort, signaling a fast-growing base of business equity and self-made wealth.

LatinoDonorCollaborative.org

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

EXCERPT

Executive Summary

Built on durable fundamentals This strength is anchored in structural advantages that are unlikely to reverse: A young population. The most common U.S. Latino age range is 16 to 20, versus 61 to 65 among non-Latinos — a pipeline of workers and consumers entering their most productive years. High-velocity entrepreneurship. 5.7 million Latino-owned employer businesses, forming new firms 2.5 times faster than the national average; U.S. Latinos created three of every ten new businesses between 2012 and 2022. A diversified, dynamic footprint. Concentrated in the economy’s fastest-expanding sectors — manufacturing, construction, health care, and real estate — each growing 7% to 12% annually. Geographic breadth. Local Latino economies exceed $1 trillion in California and reach into the hundreds of billions across Texas, Florida, and New York, where they drive a third or more of statewide growth.

The implication for business and capital As the broader United States confronts an aging population, slowing growth, and tightening labor markets, this cohort stands as the country’s most important demographic and economic counterweight — supplying the workers, the new businesses, and the consumer demand that will sustain national growth. For investors, operators, and resource allocators, the conclusion is direct: long-term success in the U.S. marketplace increasingly depends on understanding and serving this market. The prosperity of the U.S. Latino population is, increasingly, inseparable from the prosperity of the nation.

LatinoDonorCollaborative.org

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

EXCERPT

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

Executive Summary

The numbers at a glance Indicator (2024)

U.S. Latino cohort

Benchmark

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

$4.4 trillon

4th-largest economy globally

Annualized GDP growth, 2019-24

5.4%

2.4% U.S. overall

Share of total U.S. growth

28.2%

from ~20% of population

Gross Domestic Income (GDI)

$3.4 trillion

+8% year-over-year

GDP per capita growth, 2019-24

~3% /yr

~2x the rest of the economy

Household consumption

$2.8 trillion

3rd-largest market globally

Real consumption growth, 2019-24

6.3%

~3x non-Latino rate

Latino homeownership rate, 2025

51%

converting income to wealth

Share of 2025 U.S. household formation

92.6% (according to NAHREP)

near-total of net new

Latino-owned emplover businesses

5.7 million

forming 2.5x faster

Why this matters now The U.S. economy is entering a decade in which demographic headwinds — an aging workforce, slowing population growth, and mounting fiscal pressure — will increasingly constrain national output. The U.S. Latino cohort is the primary offset to each of these pressures. Allocators who position early against this demand curve — in products, distribution, talent, and capital deployment — stand to capture an outsized share of where U.S. growth is actually being created.

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis; U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey; and U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2025 State of Hispanic Homeownership Report, NAHREP

LatinoDonorCollaborative.org

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

EXCERPT

Sueño Incompleto: A History of the Latino Wealth Gap in the U.S. UCLA, Latino Policy & Politics Institute

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

EXCERPT

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

Sueño Incompleto

A joint report by UCLA Latino Policy & Politics Institute and Unidos us.

Immigration

April 2026

Sueño Incompleto: A History of the Latino Wealth Gap in the United States

HOUSING

LABOR

SOCIAL BENEFITS

authors

Gabriella Noemi Carmona, Rodrigo Dominguez Villegas, Mariah Bonilla, and Xalma Palomino EDUCATION

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

EXCERPT 05

Executive Summary

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Latinos are central to the present and future of the U.S. economy. They account for nearly one fifth of the population, drive the vast majority of new workforce growth, anchor key industries, and contribute more than $4.1 trillion annually to the U.S. gross domestic product, an economy larger than that of most countries in the world. Bet these contributions have not translated into proportional financial security for >atino households.` Today, the median Latino household holds less than one quarter of the wealth of white households, a gap that has persisted for more than three decades. In 1989, the median Latino household held about seven cents for every dollar of wealth held by white households. By 2022, that figure rose to 22 cents—a modest improvement that nonetheless reflects enduring inequality. Latino households are far less likely than white households to own high‑value, appreciating assets such as homes, retirement accounts, and business equity, and more likely to rely on high‑cost debt to meet basic needsT This report shows that the Latino wealth gap is not the result of individual choices, cultural factors, or recent economic shocks. It is the cumulative outcome of policy decisions, made across generations and across systems, that limited Latinos’ ability to convert work, residence, and education into lasting wealth. Specifically, this report traces how Latino wealth has been shaped and constrained by five maNor interlocking policy systems that govern immigration, land and housing, labor markets, public benefits, and education. Together, these systems created unequal starting points, restricted access to appreciating assets, e4posed Latino families to greater economic risk, and repeatedly disrupted the intergenerational transfer of wealth. As Latinos continue to drive population growth and labor force participation, closing the wealth gap is a prerequisite for long‑term economic stability and national prosperity for all.

A History of the Latino Wealth Gap in the United States

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

EXCERPT 06

Executive Summary

Five Policy Systems That Shaped Latino Wealth

system #1

Immigration Policy and Foreign Relations U.S. immigration law has functioned as a wealth‑sorting system, determining who can access stable work, credit, mobility, and legal protections—the basic prerequisites for building and preserving wealth. Across history, Latino immigrants were often recruited during periods of labor demand and economic expansion, then excluded, criminalized, or deported during downturns.j Foreign policy priorities often shaped unequal pathways to citizenship and legal permanence, producing stark differences in economic trajectories across Latino subgroups. Historically, white European immigrants who entered without authorization faced minimal enforcement and were frequently granted amnesty or legal adjustment, while later Latino immigrants encountered expanded enforcement, limited relief, and far fewer pathways to permanent status.\ Moreover, even within the Latino community, foreign policy has produced stark disparities. For instance, many Cuban refugees during the Cold War were better positioned to secure higher wages, access credit, purchase homes, and start businesses, while Mexican and Central American immigrants frequently faced temporary, delayed, or denied legal status, which constrained their job mobility, increased vulnerability to exploitation, and made long‑term investments riskier. Today, millions of long‑term residents remain in legal limbo, participating in the labor force but unable to fully participate in wealth‑building systems. This results in lower lifetime earnings, lower homeownership rates, and weaker intergenerational wealth transfer.

system #

Land Loss and Barriers to Homeownership Homeownership has been the primary engine of wealth for most U.S. families, yet it has never operated on equal terms for Latinos. After the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, legal systems stripped many Mexican‑descended families of land through costly litigation, discriminatory taxation, and fraudulent practices, removing a critical foundation for intergenerational wealth.

A History of the Latino Wealth Gap in the United States

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

EXCERPT 07

Executive Summary

In the 20th century, redlining and race‑based appraisal systems steered mortgage capital away from Latino neighborhoods, while urban renewal programs targeted those same neighborhoods for demolition and displacement. Even when Latino families became homeowners, exclusion from safe credit pushed many into high‑cost contracts‑ for‑deed arrangements and later into subprime loans, increasing foreclosure risk and slowing equity growth. 'oday, homes in majority‑Latino neighborhoods remain undervalued, limiting appreciation and reinforcing wealth gaps even as homeownership rates rise. system #3

Unfair Pay and Job Discrimination Latino workers have long faced labor market structures that generate economic value while suppressing wages and limiting protections. From early mining, railroad, and agricultural labor systems to modern subcontracting, gig work, and worker misclassification, employer practices have concentrated Latinos in low‑wage, insecure jobs, which are often enabled or tolerated by policy. Exclusions in labor law, weak enforcement, and declining access to collective bargaining reduced wages and limited benefits, including retirement coverage. ds a result, even sustained employment often failed to translate into savings, retirement security, or upward mobility. Lower wages compounded over time, reducing the ability to purchase homes, invest in education, or withstand economic shocks, and reinforcing long‑term wealth inequality. system #

Exc usion from t e Socia Safety et Public benefits are designed to prevent temporary setbacks, such as job loss or illness, from becoming permanent poverty and wealth loss. ¬et eligibility rules, documentation requirements, and discretionary state and local implementation have repeatedly limited Latino families¨ access to these protectionsÇ Over time, federal policy increasingly tied benefit access to immigration status, creating chilling effects that deterred even eligible mixed‑status families from applying. ²uring major crises, from the ¥reat ²epression to the ¤OÆI²‑µ¢ pandemic, these exclusions

A History of the Latino Wealth Gap in the United States

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

EXCERPT 08

Executive Summary

became especially consequential. While many white households used public support to stabilize and recover, Latino families were more likely to drain savings, sell assets, or take on high‑cost debt. Temporary expansions of inclusive benefits, such as the 2021 Child Tax Credit, demonstrated how policy design could rapidly reduce poverty and protect assets, only for gains to reverse when exclusions returned.

system #5

EcucatiaZ SeUreUatiaZ aZc ^ccess Barriers Education has become increasingly central to economic mobility and wealth accumulation, yet Latino students have historically faced segregated and under‑ resourced schools, inadequate language support, and uneven access to higher education. Lower quality K–12 education limited college readiness and completion, while rising costs and debt‑based financing delayed homeownership, savings, and family formation. Even when Latinos completed college, disparities in labor market returns persisted, reflecting discrimination and occupational sorting. mver time, these educational barriers translated into lower lifetime earnings, reduced job stability, and weaker intergenerational wealth transfer. Latinos are one of the youngest groups in the .j. and are projected to comprise nearly 28 percent of the population by 2060. Their economic security will increasingly shape the nation’s fiscal health, housing markets, labor force stability, and consumer demand. Persistent wealth inequality weakens economic growth, destabilizes communities, and limits the country’s ability to respond to future crises. Closing the Latino wealth gap is not a zero‑sum proposition. Policies that expand access to stable legal status, fair wages, safe credit, education, and social protections strengthen the economic foundations of the entire country.

A History of the Latino Wealth Gap in the United States

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

EXCERPT

The Inflation Hangover Common Sense Institute Arizona

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

EXCERPT

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

MARCH 2026

THE INFLATION HANGOVER HOW THE POST-PANDEMIC PRICE SURGE RESHAPED AFFORDABILITY IN ARIZONA

Just how much more are Arizona families having to spend on basic necessities today compared to 2019? The newest CSI report “The Inflation Hangover: How the Post-Pandemic Price Surge Reshaped Affordability in America” answers this question. CSI estimates that households in Arizona needed to spend $19,300 more in 2025 to cover shelter and utilities, groceries, health and car insurance, gas, and child care – more than the $15,400 increase seen on average across the country. Arizona is now the 7th least affordable state in the nation according to this analysis – a 12 position decline from its affordability ranking in 2019. Households in Arizona saw the 12th largest decline in affordability among all states since 2019.

Household Annual Cost Increases by Category +$9,012

Shelter and Utilities

+$3,375

Groceries

+$1,302

Health Insurance

+$1,355

Car Insurance

+$313

Gas

+$3,950

Child Care

Although estimated household income did rise over 33% in the state, this was insufficient to cover the increased costs faced by households. CSI estimates households in Arizona lost 3.8% of their gross income to rising prices since 2019. Shelter costs are the single largest expense driving down affordability both in Arizona and across the nation. In Arizona, shelter and utilities costs for a family of four increased 59% – the fourth largest percentage increase out of all states and Washington D.C. Arizona also saw some of the fastest growing groceries (2nd fastest) and car insurance costs (4th fastest) over the 6 year period. As CSI has documented in previous research, child care costs strain Arizona families and can influence entry or exit from the labor market. CSI estimates it takes roughly 38% of the gross income generated by one parent working full time at the prevailing median hourly wage just to cover child care costs in the state – slightly more affordable than the 39% of income needed on average across the country.

To read the full report, visit www.commonsenseinstituteus.org.

COMMON SENSE INSTITUTE :: COMMONSENSEINSTITUTEAZ.ORG

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

EXCERPT MARCH 2026 // THE INFLATION HANGOVER

COMMON SENSE INSTITUTE :: COMMONSENSEINSTITUTEAZ.ORG

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

TOGETHER Our communities are richer and stronger when

we embrace all perspectives. We’re better together. Join us in celebrating Arizona’s many and varied voices.

Arizona’s #1 Philanthropic Company* *Based on Phoenix Business Journal’s 2025 corporate giving and volunteerism rankings. This ad and partnership is funded by shareholders and does not impact customer rates.

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

CHAPTER 3 EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD

77 80 83

Educational Opportunity Insights

IN FOCUS

EXCERPT

Preparing Arizona's Workforce for a More Sustainable Future BY LINDSEY WILSON

Latino College Completion: Arizona 2026

Excelencia in Education’s report, Latino College Completion: Arizona 2026, found that Hispanics in twoyear institutions have a graduation rate 3% lower than their white non-Hispanic peers. This trend doubles at four-year institutions were Hispanics have a graduation rate 7% lower than their White non-Hispanic peers.

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

CHAPTER 3 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Educational Opportunity Insights Year 2025

2024

2023

2022

2021

2020



Arizona Student Population by Race & Ethnicty ASIAN 3.16% MULTIPL… 4.21% AFRICAN AMERI… 5.76%

$80K

$60K

HISPANIC 47.94% $40K 2

WHITE 34.4%

-2

4 00

-2

5 00

-2

6 00

White

95% 90%

Arizona Teacher Population by Race & Ethnicity 85%

AFRICAN A… 4.11% ASIAN 5.1%

80% 75%

HISPANIC 18.17%

70%

WHITE 69.7%

65% 60%

Source: DATOS Interactive — Educational Opportunity Dashboard

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

2016

-2

7 00

Native H



EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

CHAPTER 3 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Educational Opportunity Insights U.S Avg. Teacher Salary (2004-2025) Current Dollars

Constant 2004-2005 Dollars

Baseline

$80K

$60K

$40K

-2

4 00

-2

5 00

-2

6 00

-2

7 00

-2

8 00

-2

9 00

-2

1 01

-2

2 01

-2

3 01

-2

4 01

-2

5 01

-2

6 01

-2

7 01

-2

8 01

-2

9 01

-2

0 02

-2

1 02

-2

2 02

Arizona Graduation Rate by Race & Ethnicity White

Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

Hispanic or Latino

Black or African American

2020

2022

Asian

Native American

95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60%

2016

2018

Source: DATOS Interactive — Educational Opportunity Dashboard

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

2024

-2

3 02

-2

4 02

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

CHAPTER 3 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Educational Opportunity Insights School Type

Charter

# of Schools

Public

7.384K

School Model

9-12

Alternative

Hybrid

K-8

Demographic Majority

School Grade Rating

Arizona Letter Grade Rating by School Type A

100%

139

549

756

414

1246

50%

1370 986 1133 423

Non-majority

Latino-majority

White-majority

School Name

All



Letter Grade

School Model

School District

9-12

A+ Charter Schools

Source: DATOS Interactive — Educational Opportunity Dashboard

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

Latin

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

IN FOCUS

Preparing Arizona's Workforce for a More Sustainable Future BY LINDSEY WILSON

Lindsey Wilson is the chief marketing and communications officer for Maricopa Community

Arizona remains one of the nation's fastest-growing states, both economically and in population. New employers continue to invest billions of dollars across the state, communities are expanding and industries are evolving at an unprecedented pace. Yet one challenge threatens nearly every sector of Arizona's economy: finding enough skilled workers to meet demand. Key sectors such as advanced manufacturing, healthcare, information technology, business services and construction are experiencing significant demand due to recent growth. Employers across Arizona continue to face workforce shortages that cannot be solved through recruitment alone. Building a stronger, more resilient Arizona requires investing in the people who will power its future. Creating a sustainable future is about more than preserving our natural resources. It also means building an economy that can adapt to change, supports everyone who lives in our communities and ensures Arizona residents have access to the education and skills needed to succeed in today's rapidly changing workforce. Students attending class in the AI Bachelor's Degree program at Maricopa Community Colleges

BUILDING TALENT CLOSE TO HOME

Photos courtesy of Maricopa Community Colleges

Every successful economy depends on a strong talent pipeline. Businesses can only grow when qualified workers are available. The health of our communities depends on residents having access to meaningful careers. Families are stronger when education creates pathways to economic mobility.

universities combined. Across our 10 colleges, we offer more than 600 certificates, degrees, microcredentials and bachelor's degree programs developed in partnership with employers and aligned with Arizona's workforce needs.

As the state's largest provider of workforce education, Maricopa Community Colleges educates more Arizona residents than any other college or university. In fact, it's more than all three public

Community colleges are built differently. Our role is not just to educate students—it is to respond quickly to the changing needs of the communities and industries we serve. As Arizona's economy 80

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

IN FOCUS

PREPARI NG ARIZONA'S WORKFORCE FOR A MORE SUSTAI NABLE FUTU RE

Nursing student at Maricopa Community Colleges

Welding student with faculty member at Maricopa Community Colleges

Student working with an instructor in a science lab at Maricopa Community Colleges Semiconductor technician student working in class at Maricopa Community Colleges

continues to evolve, so must the educational pathways that prepare students for it. And, it's time for the state to get serious about a long-term strategic education plan that delivers for its residents.

and responsive. The future requires higher education institutions to think differently. For example, short-term certificates and microcredentials allow learners to gain industry-recognized skills in weeks or months, helping employers address immediate workforce needs while opening doors to meaningful careers. Just as importantly, these credentials are stackable, allowing students to continue building toward an associate or bachelor's degree over time. College is no longer a one-time destination; it is a lifelong pathway that evolves alongside a student's career.

EDUCATION THAT MOVES AT THE SPEED OF INDUSTRY

Today's learners are balancing careers, raising families, changing professions and returning to school after years away from the classroom. Employers, meanwhile, need skilled workers today, not years from now.

This flexibility is especially important in industries experiencing rapid transformation. As technology advances and workforce

Meeting both needs requires education that is flexible, accessible 81

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

IN FOCUS

PREPARI NG ARIZONA'S WORKFORCE FOR A MORE SUSTAI NABLE FUTU RE

demands shift, educational programs must evolve just as quickly to ensure graduates enter the workforce prepared for the jobs that exist today—and those that will be developed tomorrow.

That requires more than just words. It requires leadership, strong partnerships and a commitment to building workforce pathways that reflect today's economy. It also requires investments in educational models that are unafraid to challenge the status quo or to think differently about how we provide learning options for students.

EXPANDING OPPORTUNITY THROUGH WORKFORCEALIGNED BACHELOR'S DEGREES Arizona's economy still requires professionals with a traditional four-year degree in fields facing persistent workforce shortages. The question is no longer whether these jobs require advanced education, but whether that education is accessible to the people Arizona needs most. In the midst of a national reckoning about the true cost and value of a college degree, we have to be willing to recognize that providing real opportunities for students depends on systemic change.

At Maricopa Community Colleges, there is a better way to do college, one grounded in opportunity, community and meaningful outcomes for every learner. Workforce education is more than filling open positions. It is about providing economic mobility for our residents, while also supporting the economic growth of our communities. Our state's future will not be shaped solely by the companies that choose to invest here. It will be shaped by the people who call Arizona home. By investing in accessible, workforce-aligned education today, we are helping build the skilled workforce—and the resilient communities—that will define Arizona's future.

Recognizing this, Maricopa Community Colleges developed bachelor's degree programs in high-demand fields, including healthcare, information technology, business, education, public safety, artificial intelligence and behavioral sciences. These programs were designed in partnership with employers to address real workforce needs while serving as the Valley's most affordable option for a bachelor's degree.

Lindsey Wilson is the chief marketing and communications officer for Maricopa Community Colleges. She joined the district in 2020 and leads system-wide efforts that connect with more than 140,000 students annually.

Affordability is more than a financial advantage—it is a workforce strategy. When students can earn a bachelor's degree without taking on significant debt, they are more likely to pursue careers in essential industries, remain in Arizona after graduation, and continue contributing to the communities where they live and work. Flexible scheduling and the ability to complete lowerdivision coursework at any of our colleges make these programs accessible to working adults, first-generation college students and learners balancing multiple responsibilities.

RESOURCES Maricopa Community Colleges www.maricopa.edu 2411 W. 14th Street Tempe, AZ 85281 • FB: maricopa.edu

INVESTING IN ARIZONA'S FUTURE

• IG: maricopacolleges

Arizona has never lacked ambition. The state continues to attract new industries, welcome new residents and create new opportunities. The question is whether we will prepare enough of our own residents to seize them.

• X: mcccd • IN: maricopa-community-colleges

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

EXCERPT

Latino College Completion: Arizona 2026 Excelencia in Education

Excelencia in Education’s report, Latino College Completion: Arizona 2026, found that Hispanics in two-year institutions have a graduation rate 3% lower than their white non-Hispanic peers. This trend doubles at four-year institutions were Hispanics have a graduation rate 7% lower than their White non-Hispanic peers. SOURCE: Latino College Completion: Arizona 2026

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

EXCERPT

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY

LATINO COLLEGE COMPLETION:

ARIZONA - 2026 FAST FACTS

6th

ACCELERATING COLLEGE COMPLETION

largest Latino 1

population in the U.S.

32% Latino

of the population was 1

K-12 population 43% ofwastheLatino 1

The median age of Hispanics in Arizona {{state}}

was 29, compared to

To make our country stronger and meet the economy’s demand for a highly educated workforce, we must ensure access to quality higher education for Latino, and all, students. This requires accelerating Latino degree completion, increasing completion for all students, and scaling programs and initiatives proven to support Latino, and all, student success. The following demographics, institutional data, and practices inform Latino degree attainment.

TOP 5 INSTITUTIONS ENROLLING AND GRADUATING HISPANIC UNDERGRADUATES IN ARIZONA2 Institution

49 for White non-

Sector

Enrollment (Fall 2023)

4-Pub

16,763

Hispanics. 1 White nonHispanics

Hispanics

18%

of Hispanics (ages 18 to 34) were enrolled in higher education, 22% of compared to xx% 1 White non-Hispanics.

26% and older) had earned

of Hispanic adults (25

an associate degree or

higher, compared to 50% of White nonxx% Hispanic adults.

Hispanic Adults

Arizona State University Campus Immersion

26% Latino 64,398

Grand Canyon University

4-Priv*

Arizona State University Digital Immersion

4-Pub

University of Arizona

4-Pub

16,630

3,047 13,825

68,619

24% Latino

22% Latino

11,627

1,882

49,000

8,471

28% Latino

27% Latino

11,259

2,120

40,769

University of Phoenix-Arizona

12% Latino 4-Priv*

9,174 76,996

*These institutions are private, for-profit institutions.

a college degree vs. with a

NOTE: The institutions in this chart are ordered from highest to lowest Latino enrollment.

$36,350

15,108

22% Latino

Median income of adults without 1

25% Latino 3,748

24% Latino

White Adults

college degree in Arizona

Completions (2022-23)

7,772

13% Latino 1,861 14,526

Legend Latino Enrollment

Latino Completions

All Enrollment

All Completions

$65,039 NOTE: We use the terms Latino and Hispanic interchangeably in this factsheet. 1. U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. 2. Excelencia in Education analysis using U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), 2023 Fall Enrollment, Graduation Rates Survey, and Institutional Characteristics Survey.

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

EXCERPT

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY ARIZONA DEGREE COMPLETION GAP

Tracking the progress of students along their educational pathways can inform strategies and practices to close the degree completion gap. Four key indicators of student progress highlight different stages on the path to graduation. Together, they provide a clearer picture of how degree attainment varies between Hispanic and White non-Hispanic student cohorts in a given year. While no single indicator tells the whole story, collectively they help illustrate the extent of the gap and where targeted efforts can make a difference. TWO-YEAR INSTITUTIONS At two-year institutions, Hispanics’ graduation rate was 3%-points lower than that of their White nonHispanic peers in Arizona.

White

42%

5% 9%

45%

Hispanic

39%

4% 12%

45%

Graduation Rate Transferred to Another Institution

FOUR-YEAR INSTITUTIONS At four-year institutions, Hispanics’ graduation rate was 7%-points lower than that of their White nonHispanic peers in Arizona.

White

58%

Hispanic

51%

12% 2%

14% 4%

Still Enrolled

28%

No Longer Enrolled

32%

*Percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding. NOTE: Outcomes shown are for students at two-year institutions who started in Fall 2020, and for students at four-year institutions who started in Fall 2017. These rates are at the point of 150% normal time to completion, and capture first-time, full-time undergraduate students only. Source: Excelencia in Education analysis using the U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), 2023 Graduation Rates Survey and the Institutional Characteristics Survey.

EXAMPLE OF WHAT WORKS FOR LATINO STUDENTS There are institutions showing success in enrolling, retaining, and graduating Latino students. The following is an example of a program across the country with evidence of effectiveness in serving Latino students recognized for Examples of Excelencia. The Joaquin Bustoz Math-Science Honors Program (JBMSHP) is an intense academic program that provides motivated students an outstanding opportunity to begin university mathematics studies before graduating high school. The program is designed to provide a successful university experience for Arizona high school students who have limited exposure to higher education opportunities in STEM to enhance their prospects for future academic success. Since 1985, 49% of all program alumni are Latino. JBMSHP offers a summer residential mathematics program for Arizona high school students interested in pursuing academic careers in fields requiring mathematics, science, or engineering coursework. Students join a community of peers with similar interests and interact with dedicated and experienced faculty and staff who closely monitor student progress.

Participants live on the Arizona State University (ASU) Tempe campus while enrolled in a university-level mathematics course for college credit. Tutoring is also available for students as they participate in the program. Tuition, room and board, textbooks, and classroom expenses are provided for participants. JBMSHP creates an environment where students can focus on their studies, develop a strong academic work ethic, and become familiar with the university environment, resources, and faculty. As of 2023, 72% of all JBMSHP alumni have graduated with an undergraduate or graduate degree. The program also supports continued student success; since the program’s inception, a total of 754 program participants have earned a graduate degree (by 2023). Just between 2017 and 2023, 576 program participants earned a graduate degree.

For more information on institutional programs improving Latino student success in higher education, visit 85 https://www.edexcelencia.org/what-works/growing-what-works

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

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AFFORDABLE QUALITY HOUSING

CHAPTER 4 AFFORDABLE QUALITY HOUSING INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD

88 90 93 IN FOCUS

EXCERPT

Affordable Quality Housing Insights

Hospitalidad and the Value of Hosting on Airbnb: Donde comen dos, comen tres. BY GABRIEL SALOMON RAMIREZ

2025 The State of the Nation's Housing

In 2025, households and the housing markets faced challenging headwinds: Home buying rates were reduced to its lowest levels since the 90s due to high home prices and elevated interest rates; current homeowners and landlords faced heightened financial stress due to increased insurance premiums and property taxes; high rental prices left many renters paying more, and in some cases, led to a rise in homelessness.

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

AFFORDABLE QUALITY HOUSING

CHAPTER 4 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD

Affordable Quality Housing Insights Select County All



Housing by Year Built 1.0M

0.5M

0.0M

Built 2000 to 2019

Built 1980 to 1999

Built 1960 to 1979

Built 1940 to 1959

Built 2020 or later

Built 1939 or earlier

Housing by Occupancy Type Maricopa County Coconino County

Yavapai County Pinal County Pima County Mohave County

Gila County Santa Cruz County Cochise County

Yuma County Owner occupied

Renter occupied

Source: DATOS Interactive — Affordable Quality Housing Dashboard

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

$0.0M

AFFORDABLE QUALITY HOUSING

CHAPTER 4 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD

Affordable Quality Housing Insights Median Home Value by County



Maricopa County Coconino County Yavapai County Pinal County Pima County Mohave County Gila County Santa Cruz County Cochise County Yuma County $0.0M

$0.1M

$0.2M

$0.3M

$0.4M

Source: DATOS Interactive — Affordable Quality Housing Dashboard

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

$0.5M

AFFORDABLE QUALITY HOUSING

IN FOCUS

ACCESS TO CARE

CHAPTER 7 ACCESS TO CARE

Hospitalidad and the Value of Hosting on Airbnb: Donde comen dos, comen tres. 379-379 CHARTS

• IN 2021, NEARLY 1/5 OF HISPANICS IN THE U.S. DID NOT HAVE HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE

OF UNINSURED HISPANICS AGED 18–64 ROSE TO MORE THAN THREE B Y G A B R I E L S A L O M O N R• A MTHE I R EPERCENTAGE Z TIMES THAT OF NON-HISPANICS BY 2021 There is a refrán my nana always •livedMEDICARE/CHIP by: "Donde comenIS THE dos, LARGEST SOURCE OF COVERAGE FOR LATINO KIDS IN ARIZONA comen tres." Where two eat, three can eat. • NUMBER & RATE OF UNINSURED LATINO CHILDREN BY ARIZONA COUNTY (2018) If you have ever been to a proper carne you have • asada, HISPANICS AGEDwatched 18–29 FIND THE PROCESS TO GET MEDICAL CARE HARDER TO this proverb in action. Growing up, my nanas, tíos and tías UNDERSTAND THANwere OTHER HISPANIC AGE GROUPS some of the most hospitable people on the planet. Another cousin ABOUT A THIRD OF them HISPANIC ADULTS SAY THEY WOULD PREFER A HEALTH CARE shows up? Grab a chair. A neighbor •smells the asada? Make PROVIDER WHO SPEAKS SPANISH a plate. • A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT GET Nobody left hungry. Nobody sat alone. And nobody,MEDICAL no matterCARE how DUE TO COST NEEDED they arrived, left a stranger. mid-century modern house in Old Town Scottsdale • A GREATER PERCENTAGE OFGabriel's HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ranch VS.style NON-HISPANICS DID NOT TAKE Hospitalidad was baked into Latinos long before anyone thought to Photos courtesy of Gabriel Salomon Ramirez & Familia. • MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED TO SAVE MONEY call it a "hospitality industry". • A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS WERE OBESE • LATINO DIABETES RATES HAVE REMAINED CONSTANT OVER THE LAST DECADE IN THE DEMOCRATIZATION OF HOSPITALITY

ARIZONA (2011–2021) One interesting trend has been the democratization of hospitality through technology. Now with the •rise MENTAL of platforms like IN Airbnb HEALTH ARIZONA (FEBRUARY 2021) hosting your home or an experience •is something we canALLallRACIAL/ETHNIC do. SINCE 2020, GROUPS HAVE EXPERIENCED HIGHER RATES OF

Short-term rentals have become a realMENTAL form ofDISTRESS Latino income creation, turning properties like mine• into53% an avenue to save forADULTS the SAY HEALTH RISKS IN JOBS ARE MAJOR REASON FOR OF HISPANIC future. Nationally, Latino families drove allGENERALLY net U.S. homeownership WORSE HEALTHIndoor OUTCOMES outdoor vibes all day growth in 2025, yet we still trail in home ownership and income averages. For me it created an additional income stream during a time of The median Latino household earns about $64,000, roughly rising expenses and lets me save for my kids' education (future $13,600 below the white median according to Urban Institute. Sun Devils, if their dad has any say in it). Hosting income directly supplements household earnings. But the deeper gift of hosting is the practice itself, creating that According to Airbnb, the typical host earned $15,600 a year in hospitality intention over and over, and learning from those who embody it best. 2025. 90

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

AFFORDABLE QUALITY HOUSING

IN FOCUS

ACCESS TO CARE

HOSPITALI DAD AN D TH E VALU E OF HOSTI NG ON AI RBN B: DON DE COM EN DOS, COM EN TRES.

CHAPTER 7 ACCESS TO CARE CHARTS

379-379

• IN 2021, NEARLY 1/5 OF HISPANICS IN THE U.S. DID NOT HAVE HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE • THE PERCENTAGE OF UNINSURED HISPANICS AGED 18–64 ROSE TO MORE THAN THREE TIMES THAT OF NON-HISPANICS BY 2021 • MEDICARE/CHIP IS THE LARGEST SOURCE OF COVERAGE FOR LATINO KIDS IN ARIZONA • NUMBER & RATE OF UNINSURED LATINO CHILDREN BY ARIZONA COUNTY (2018) • HISPANICS AGED 18–29 FIND THE PROCESS TO GET MEDICAL CARE HARDER TO UNDERSTAND THAN OTHER HISPANIC AGE GROUPS • ABOUT A THIRD OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY THEY WOULD PREFER A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER WHO SPEAKS SPANISH • A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT GET NEEDED MEDICAL CARE DUE TO COST • A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT TAKE • MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED TO SAVE MONEY • A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS WERE OBESE • LATINO DIABETES RATES HAVE REMAINED CONSTANT OVER THE LAST DECADE IN

ARIZONA (2011–2021) Our small family prefers to stay in Airbnb's when traveling

• MENTAL HEALTH IN ARIZONA (FEBRUARY 2021)

ranch home in Old Town Scottsdale, with beautiful mid-century THE BEGINNING OF MY HOSTING JOURNEY • SINCE 2020, ALL RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS HAVE EXPERIENCED HIGHER RATES OF

I've always been a big fan of Airbnbs. I preferred staying in them modern bones, Arizona through and through. In 2019, I decided to MENTAL DISTRESS while traveling because it feels like living in the neighborhood give it a go. 53%families, OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY HEALTH RISKS IN JOBS ARE MAJOR REASON FOR instead of just visiting it. And like •so many we almost GENERALLY WORSE HEALTH OUTCOMES always stay in Airbnbs when we travel with our small kids because KEEPING IT IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD it fits our needs better, things like convenience, being able to cook One of the true gifts of hosting is getting to send guests to the and supporting the local communities we visit. family-owned restaurants and experiences we've discovered

in the neighborhood over the years. We send each guest a little money back and encourage them to spend it locally, especially with businesses that give back to animal causes, like Echo Coffee in Scottsdale. Why? Porque "Donde comen dos, comen tres," and the third seat also belongs to the neighborhood.

On a long ski trip to Taos with my good friend Phil, he mentioned hosting his own place. I had a million questions. We talked about it the whole 10-hour drive. Then I remember the light bulb going off on the lift to Kachina Peak: "Hey, I can do this." At the time I was living in the first house I had ever saved for, a 1950s Haver-style 91

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

AFFORDABLE QUALITY HOUSING

IN FOCUS

ACCESS TO CARE

HOSPITALI DAD AN D TH E VALU E OF HOSTI NG ON AI RBN B: DON DE COM EN DOS, COM EN TRES.

CHAPTER 7 ACCESS TO CARE THE STORIES WE'VE HEARD

Here is what nobody tells you about hosting. We have welcomed people celebrating of life's twistsHEALTH and turns: military families • IN 2021, NEARLY 1/5 OF HISPANICS IN THE U.S.allDID NOT HAVE INSURANCE driving across the country between bases, folks staying with us COVERAGE U.S. HISPANIC for specialty medical procedures, people welcoming newborns and • THE PERCENTAGE OF UNINSURED HISPANICS AGEDHearing 18–64people's ROSE TOstories MOREgives THANyouTHREE CHAMBER REPORT others mourning losses. a whole TIMES THAT OF NON-HISPANICS BY 2021 FINDINGS new perspective on life. • MEDICARE/CHIP IS THE LARGEST SOURCE OF COVERAGE FOR LATINO KIDS IN ARIZONA Latinos treat Strangers' stories and situations sit with me deeply, and that still • NUMBER LATINO entrepreneurship as&aRATE OF UNINSURED surprises me. CHILDREN BY ARIZONA COUNTY (2018) security strategy, not AGED a 18–29 FIND THE PROCESS TO GET MEDICAL CARE HARDER TO • HISPANICS nanas, tíos and tías always kept the door open, the stories risk. 84% say flexible THAN OTHER My UNDERSTAND HISPANIC AGE GROUPS flowing and the asada going, trusting the oldest math we know: income opportunities help • ABOUTliving A THIRD OF HISPANICdonde ADULTS SAYdos, THEY WOULD comen comen tres.PREFER A HEALTH CARE families manage PROVIDER WHO SPEAKS SPANISH costs and 68% see shortWe saved you a seat if you ever want to join our table. • Aspecifically GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT GET term hosting Gabriel is an alumni of Arizona State University and spent 13 years with MEDICAL TO COST as a possibleNEEDED pathway into CARE DUEmedia and publishing conglomerate Gannett Co, Inc. and currently works

CHARTS BY THE NUMBERS

379-379 84%

or 68% entrepreneurship small-business

the advertising agency He is also a graduate theTAKE Hispanic • A GREATER PERCENTAGE OFinLeadership HISPANIC ADULTS 18+industry. VS. NON-HISPANICS DID ofNOT Institute and Valley Leadership and served on the board of directors for Adelante Healthcare (a nine-location community health center in Phoenix). A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS WERE OBESE

• MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED TO SAVE MONEY ownership. •

73%

The home is a major asset alsoDECADE partnered • LATINO DIABETES RATES HAVE REMAINED CONSTANT OVERGabriel THE LAST IN with the social impact incubator Seed Spot for Latino families, with ARIZONA (2011–2021) to run two-day launch camps to 73% saying hosting helps empower diverse, impact driven • MENTAL HEALTH IN ARIZONA (FEBRUARY 2021) families make resourceful entrepreneurs and serves as an advisor to several start-ups and use of property they • SINCE 2020, ALL RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS HAVE EXPERIENCED OF Canyon is anHIGHER advisor RATES to Grand already own.MENTAL DISTRESS University's digital arts and advertising program where he

53% OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY HEALTH RISKS IN JOBS AREhelped MAJORdevelop REASONtheir FORnew social Over half•believe that media degree program. GENERALLY WORSE HEALTH OUTCOMES

OVER HALF

residents should be able to host under reasonable guidelines including paying their fair share and meeting basic health and safety requirements.

Gabriel Salomon Ramirez

RESOURCES •

Gabriel’s Scottsdale Airbnb: www.airbnb.com/h/oldtownscottsdaleaz

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

AFFORDABLE QUALITY AFFORDABLE QUALITYHOUSING HOUSING SPECIALEXCERPT FEATURE

ACCESS TO CARE

COURTESY OF

2025 The State of the Nation's Housing ACCESS TO CARE CHAPTER 7 Joint Center CHARTSfor Housing Studies of Harvard University

379-379

• IN 2021, NEARLY 1/5 OF HISPANICS IN THE U.S. DID NOT HAVE HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE

• THE PERCENTAGE OF UNINSURED HISPANICS AGED 18–64 ROSE TO MORE THAN THREE TIMES THAT OF NON-HISPANICS BY 2021 • MEDICARE/CHIP IS THE LARGEST SOURCE OF COVERAGE FOR LATINO KIDS IN ARIZONA • NUMBER & RATE OF UNINSURED LATINO CHILDREN BY ARIZONA COUNTY (2018) • HISPANICS AGED 18–29 FIND THE PROCESS TO GET MEDICAL CARE HARDER TO UNDERSTAND THAN OTHER HISPANIC AGE GROUPS

• ABOUT A THIRD OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY THEY WOULD PREFER A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER WHO SPEAKS SPANISH

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT GET NEEDED MEDICAL CARE DUE TO COST • A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT TAKE • MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED TO SAVE MONEY

• SINCE 2020, ALL RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS HAVE EXPERIENCED HIGHER RATES OF MENTAL DISTRESS • 53% OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY HEALTH RISKS IN JOBS ARE MAJOR REASON FOR GENERALLY WORSE HEALTH OUTCOMES

SOURCE: Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

AFFORDABLE QUALITY AFFORDABLE QUALITYHOUSING HOUSING SPECIALEXCERPT FEATURE

ACCESS TO CARE

COURTESY OF

CHAPTER 7 ACCESS TO CARE CHARTS

379-379

2 0 2 5

• NUMBER & RATE OF UNINSURED LATINO CHILDREN BY ARIZONA COUNTY (2018) • HISPANICS AGED 18–29 FIND THE PROCESS TO GET MEDICAL CARE HARDER TO UNDERSTAND THAN OTHER HISPANIC AGE GROUPS

T HE STATE

• ABOUT A THIRD OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY THEY WOULD PREFER A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER WHO SPEAKS SPANISH

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT GET OF NEEDED MEDICAL CARE DUE TO COST

NATION’S

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT TAKE THE

HOUSING • MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED TO SAVE MONEY

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS WERE OBESE • LATINO DIABETES RATES HAVE REMAINED CONSTANT OVER THE LAST DECADE IN ARIZONA (2011–2021) • MENTAL HEALTH IN ARIZONA (FEBRUARY 2021) • SINCE 2020, ALL RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS HAVE EXPERIENCED HIGHER RATES OF MENTAL DISTRESS • 53% OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY HEALTH RISKS IN JOBS ARE MAJOR REASON FOR GENERALLY WORSE HEALTH OUTCOMES

JOINT CENTER FOR HOUSING STUDIES OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

AFFORDABLE QUALITY AFFORDABLE QUALITYHOUSING HOUSING SPECIALEXCERPT FEATURE

ACCESS TO CARE

COURTESY OF

CHAPTER 7 ACCESS TO CARE EXEC UTIVE SUMMARY CHARTS

379-379

In 2025, households and housing markets face an ever-more challenging environment. High home prices

• MEDICARE/CHIP IS THE LARGEST SOURCE OF COVERAGE FOR LATINO KIDS IN ARIZONA

and elevated interest rates reduced homebuying to its lowest level since the mid-1990s. Increases in both

• NUMBER & RATE OF UNINSURED LATINO CHILDREN BY ARIZONA COUNTY (2018)

insurance premiums and property taxes have heightened financial stress on homeowners and landlords. And, despite an abundance of new apartments, high rents have left more people than ever cost burdened,

• HISPANICS AGED 18–29 FIND THE PROCESS TO GET MEDICAL CARE HARDER TO UNDERSTAND THANthreat OTHER HISPANIC AGE GROUPS wildfires has further highlighted the growing to the housing stock from climate-related disasters. and have contributed to a sharp rise in homelessness. Meanwhile, unprecedented destruction from

At the same time, federal housing support is lessening, creating uncertainty regarding the availability

• ABOUT A THIRD OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY THEY WOULD PREFER A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER WHO SPEAKS SPANISH nation’s already-enormous housing challenges. of crucial assistance programs. The looming possibility of an economic downturn is exacerbating the

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT GET

National Home Price Index (Figure 1). Prices increased Home Prices Grow Along NEEDED MEDICAL CARE DUEinTO COST all four regions and in 88 of the top 100 largest metro with Inventories

Consequently, the US median existing single• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OFareas. HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT TAKE family home price hit a new high of $412,500 in 2024,

In the for-sale market, home prices grew again over

according to the National Association of Realtors • MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED TO SAVE MONEY

the previous year across most of the country. As of

early 2025, prices are up 60 percent nationwide since

(NAR). This is a shocking five times the median house-

income and significantly above the price-to• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OFhold HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS WERE OBESE

2019 and still rising at a rate of 3.9 percent year over year, according to the S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller US

income ratio of 3 that has traditionally been consid-

• LATINO DIABETES RATES HAVE REMAINED ered affordable.CONSTANT OVER THE LAST DECADE IN ARIZONA (2011–2021)

Figure 1

Home Prices Continue to Grow

• MENTAL HEALTH IN ARIZONA (FEBRUARY 2021)

Home Price Index

Annual Change (Percent)

24 OF • SINCE 2020, ALL RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS HAVE EXPERIENCED HIGHER RATES 20 MENTAL DISTRESS

240 220

200

• 53% OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY HEALTH RISKS IN JOBS ARE MAJOR REASON FOR 12 GENERALLY WORSE HEALTH OUTCOMES 8

180 160 140

120

100

-4

2010

2011

Home Price Index

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

-8

Annual Change (Right scale)

Source: JCHS tabulations of S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller US National Home Price Index.

J O I N T C E N T E R F O R H O U S I N G ST U D I E S O F H A R VA R D U N I V E R S I T Y

T H E STAT E O F T H E N AT I O N ’S H O U S I N G 20 25

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

AFFORDABLE QUALITY AFFORDABLE QUALITYHOUSING HOUSING SPECIALEXCERPT FEATURE

ACCESS TO CARE

COURTESY OF

CHAPTER 7 ACCESS TO CARE

As prices rose, existing home sales dropped to a 30-year low. Just 4.06 million home sales were recorded last year, the fewest since 1995. Contributing to the low

CHARTS

379-379

rate of sales is the large share of existing homeowners with below-market mortgage rates who are disincentivized from selling in the higher-rate environment.

• IN 2021, NEARLY 1/5 OF HISPANICS IN THE U.S. DID NOT HAVE HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE The slowdown in home sales has increased the for-sale

inventory, which could help to moderate the rate of • THE PERCENTAGE OF UNINSURED HISPANICS AGED 18–64 ROSE TO MORE THAN THREE appreciation in prices. Although inventories remain TIMES THAT OF NON-HISPANICS BY 2021 low, the number of homes for sale rose 20 percent in March 2025. Inventories were up in 98 of the nation’s • MEDICARE/CHIP IS THE LARGEST SOURCE OF COVERAGE FOR LATINO KIDS IN ARIZONA 100 largest metros in early 2025, with some of the

Inventories largest gainsCHILDREN in metros that saw slower home(2018) price • were NUMBER up & RATE OF UNINSURED LATINO BY ARIZONA COUNTY growth over the year. in 98 of the• nation’s HISPANICS AGED 18–29 FIND THE PROCESS TO GET MEDICAL CARE HARDER TO While much this growth in supply came from an UNDERSTAND THAN OTHER HISPANIC AGEofGROUPS 100 largest metros increase in the number of days on market, modest in SAY single-family construction also helped. • ABOUT A THIRD OF HISPANICgains ADULTS THEY WOULD PREFER A HEALTH CARE in early 2025. Though existing home sales remained flat, new home PROVIDER WHO SPEAKS SPANISH sales increased by 3 percent last year. The growth of new home sales reflected rising construction levels.

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT GET NEEDED MEDICAL CARE DUESingle-family TO COST starts rose by 7 percent annually in 2024 to 1.01 million. Additionally, 1.02 million new single-family homes were completed in 2024, a meaningful increase on par with the 15-year high reached in 2022.

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT TAKE • MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED TO SAVE MONEY

Contending with the same high costs and affordability

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OFpressures HISPANIC ADULTS 18+home VS. NON-HISPANICS WERE OBESE as existing sellers, many builders responded by producing homes that were smaller • LATINO DIABETES RATES HAVE REMAINED CONSTANT OVER THE LAST DECADE IN or had fewer amenities. The median size of a new ARIZONA (2011–2021) single-family home declined for the third consecutive year in 2024, to 2,150 square feet. As a result of these

• MENTAL HEALTH IN ARIZONAcompetitive (FEBRUARYadjustments, 2021) new construction consti-

tuted the largest share of all home sales since 2005 (16 • SINCE 2020, ALL RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS HAVE EXPERIENCED HIGHER RATES OF percent). Additionally, the median sales price of new MENTAL DISTRESS single-family homes fell for the second straight year to $420,300, just $7,800 above that of existing single• 53% OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY HEALTH RISKS IN JOBS ARE MAJOR REASON FOR family homes in 2024. Many builders also cut prices GENERALLY WORSE HEALTH or OUTCOMES offered mortgage rate buydowns to facilitate sales. Going forward, however, these sorts of adjustments

and incentives could be overshadowed by increases in interest rates or construction costs.

T H E STAT E O F T H E N AT I O N ’S H O U S I N G 2025

J O I N T C E N T E R F O R H O U S I N G ST U D I E S O F H A R VA R D U N I V E R S I T Y

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

AFFORDABLE QUALITY AFFORDABLE QUALITYHOUSING HOUSING SPECIALEXCERPT FEATURE

ACCESS TO CARE

COURTESY OF

Barriers to Homeownership Rise

Access to homeownership is further restricted by

CHAPTER 7 ACCESS TO CARE Home price appreciation combined with elevated interest rates to drive up homebuyers’ mortgage payments, pricing less affluent households out of the for-sale market. With the interest rate on the

CHARTS

379-379

the large sums needed for a downpayment, which have grown in step with rising home prices. Inability to afford a downpayment was the primary reason households continued to rent, according to a 2024 report by the Federal Reserve. Last year, a buyer would

need to possess $26,800 in cash cover INSURANCE both the • IN 2021, NEARLY 1/5 OF HISPANICS IN THE U.S. DID NOT HAVEtoHEALTH closing costs and a 3.5 percent downpayment on the COVERAGE

30-year mortgage only dipping from 6.8 percent on average in 2023 to 6.7 percent in 2024, monthly mort-

gage payments on the median-priced home rose by $90 to $2,570, assuming the loan terms typical for a first-time homebuyer (30-year fixed rate, 3.5 percent downpayment, and 3 percent closing costs). This record-breaking mortgage payment is about 40 percent higher than in 1990, after adjusting for inflation (Figure 2). Applying the standard lender affordability ratio of 31 percent debt to income, a buyer would need an annual income of at least $126,700 to afford such a payment. As of 2023, only 6 million of the nation’s

median-priced home, or $95,000 in cash for closing

• THE PERCENTAGE OF UNINSURED HISPANICS AGEDdownpayment. 18–64 ROSE TOItMORE THAN THREE costs and a 20 percent is perhaps, then, not surprising that first-time homebuyers were TIMES THAT OF NON-HISPANICS BY 2021 older and more affluent in 2024. Nevertheless, they

• MEDICARE/CHIP IS THE LARGEST SOURCE OF COVERAGE LATINO IN ARIZONA increasingly relied on friendsFOR and familyKIDS for help covering the downpayment, according to NAR’s 2025

• NUMBER & RATE OF UNINSURED LATINO CHILDREN BY ARIZONA COUNTY (2018) survey of homebuyers and sellers. • HISPANICS AGED 18–29 FIND THE PROCESS TO GET MEDICAL CARE HARDER TO this environment, annual growth in the number of UNDERSTAND THAN OTHERIn HISPANIC AGE GROUPS homeowner households dropped from 1.25 million in

2023 to justSAY 613,000 year. PREFER The US homeownership • ABOUT A THIRD OF HISPANIC ADULTS THEYlast WOULD A HEALTH CARE rate fell in 2024 for the first time in eight years to 65.6 PROVIDER WHO SPEAKS SPANISH

nearly 46 million renters can meet this benchmark, according to the American Community Survey (ACS). While home prices vary by market, a buyer still needs to earn at least $100,000 in more than half (53 percent) of all metro areas to afford the median-priced home, up from 11 percent in 2021.

percent and continued downward to 65.1 percent in the first quarter of 2025. The largest decline occurred among households under the age of 35, dropping a

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT GET NEEDED MEDICAL CARE DUE TO COST full 1.4 percentage points in 2024. This downturn cut

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT TAKE • MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED TO SAVE MONEY

Figure 2

Homeowner Costs Hit Record Highs

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS WERE OBESE

Index

• LATINO DIABETES RATES HAVE REMAINED CONSTANT OVER THE LAST DECADE IN ARIZONA (2011–2021)

200 180 160

• MENTAL HEALTH IN ARIZONA (FEBRUARY 2021)

140 120

• SINCE 2020, ALL RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS HAVE EXPERIENCED HIGHER RATES OF MENTAL DISTRESS

100 80 60 40 20 0

1990

1995

• 53% OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY HEALTH RISKS IN JOBS ARE MAJOR REASON FOR GENERALLY WORSE HEALTH OUTCOMES

Median Single-Family Sales Price

2000

2005

Mortgage Interest Rate

2010

2015

2020

2025

Monthly Mortgage Payment

Notes: Payments and prices are adjusted for inflation using the CPI-U for All Items Less Shelter and a four-quarter rolling average. Monthly mortgage payments are on the median-priced home and assume a 3.5% downpayment on a 30-year fixed-rate loan and 0.55% mortgage insurance, 0.35% property insurance, and 1.15% property tax rates. Source: JCHS tabulations of Freddie Mac, Primary Mortgage Market Surveys; National Association of Realtors (NAR), Existing Home Sales.

J O I N T C E N T E R F O R H O U S I N G ST U D I E S O F H A R VA R D U N I V E R S I T Y

T H E STAT E O F T H E N AT I O N ’S H O U S I N G 2025

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

AFFORDABLE QUALITY AFFORDABLE QUALITYHOUSING HOUSING SPECIALEXCERPT FEATURE

ACCESS TO CARE

COURTESY OF

Figure 3

CHAPTER 7 ACCESS TO CARE

Renter Household Growth Outpaces the Surge in Apartment Construction Units in Professionally Managed Properties (Thousands) 800

CHARTS

600

379-379 400 200 0 -200 -400

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

• NUMBER RATE OFCompleted UNINSURED LATINO CHILDREN BY ARIZONA COUNTY (2018) Net Change in Occupied Apartments New& Apartments • HISPANICS AGED 18–29 FIND THE PROCESS TO GET MEDICAL CARE HARDER TO UNDERSTAND THAN OTHER HISPANIC AGE GROUPS

Note: Estimates are four-quarter rolling totals for professionally managed apartment buildings with five or more units. Source: JCHS tabulations of RealPage data.

• ABOUT A THIRD OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY THEY WOULD PREFER A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER WHO SPEAKS SPANISH

short a rebound in homeownership rates that began in 2016, underscoring the obstacles facing would-be first-time buyers.

This demand is absorbing the wave of new multifamily

rental units that have recently come online. InDID 2024, • A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS NOT GET multifamily developers completed 608,000 new units, NEEDED MEDICAL CARE DUE TO COST the most in nearly four decades and more than double

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF VS. NON-HISPANICS NOT TAKE theHISPANIC 298,000ADULTS annual18+ completions averagedDID since

Deeply rooted disparities in incomes and intergen-

erational wealth perpetuate homeownership gaps

1990. According to RealPage, growth in the number

• MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED TO SAVEliving MONEY of renters in professionally managed apart-

between racial and ethnic groups. The difference between white and Hispanic homeownership rates

ments outpaced even the historically large number of • A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS WERE OBESE new units added through early 2025 (Figure 3). Rising

inched up to 25.2 percentage points in 2024, while the

demand drove down rentalOVER vacancies over the last • LATINO DIABETES RATES HAVE REMAINED CONSTANT THE LAST DECADE IN year, with the occupancy rate increasing in 89 percent ARIZONA (2011–2021)

white-Black gap remained stuck at 27.7 percentage points. By contrast, both of these measurements narrowed between 2019 and 2023.

of the 150 large markets tracked by RealPage.

• MENTAL HEALTH IN ARIZONA (FEBRUARY 2021)

Even as vacancies declined, the supply boost helped

• SINCEStrong 2020, ALLasRACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS EXPERIENCED HIGHER RATES Rental Demand Remains keep rent growthHAVE modest through early 2025, risingOF just 0.8 percent annually in the first quarter. That said, MENTAL DISTRESS Supply Grows rates varied considerably by market, from a high of 6.6

• 53% OF HISPANIC ADULTSpercent SAY HEALTH RISKS IN JOBS ARE MAJOR REASON FOR in Lexington, Kentucky, to a drop of 7.4 percent GENERALLY WORSE HEALTH homeowners, the renter population has grown, espein OUTCOMES Cape Coral, Florida. Though rents climbed in most As fewer households have been able to become cially over the past two years. After increasing by an average of 171,000 per year between 2019 and 2022,

the number of renter households jumped by 408,000 in 2023 and then another 848,000 in 2024, according to the Census Bureau’s Housing Vacancy Survey.

places, they fell in about a third of markets, primarily those with the most new construction.

T H E STAT E O F T H E N AT I O N ’S H O U S I N G 2025

J O I N T C E N T E R F O R H O U S I N G ST U D I E S O F H A R VA R D U N I V E R S I T Y

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

AFFORDABLE QUALITY AFFORDABLE QUALITYHOUSING HOUSING SPECIALEXCERPT FEATURE

ACCESS TO CARE

COURTESY OF

Figure 4

CHAPTER 7 ACCESS TO CARE

Cost Burdens Continue Rising for Homeowners and Reach New High for Renters Cost-Burdened Households (Millions) 25

CHARTS

379-379 15 10 5 0

2001

2003

Homeowners

2005 Renters

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

2019

2021

2023

• NUMBER & RATE OF UNINSURED LATINO CHILDREN BY ARIZONA COUNTY (2018) • HISPANICS AGED 18–29 FIND THE PROCESS TO GET MEDICAL CARE HARDER TO UNDERSTAND THAN OTHER HISPANIC AGE GROUPS

Notes: Cost-burdened households spend more than 30% of income on housing and utilities. Estimates for 2020 are omitted due to data collection issues experienced during the pandemic. Source: JCHS tabulations of US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.

• ABOUT A THIRD OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY THEY WOULD PREFER A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER WHO SPEAKS SPANISH

While new construction has grown the rental supply overall, it has failed to increase the stock of low-rent units, which has dwindled over time. Between 2013 and 2023, the number of units renting for less than $1,000 per month after adjusting for inflation fell by more than 30 percent, from 24.8 million to 17.2 million. Instead,

Rising Costs Encumber More

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT GET Homeowners NEEDED MEDICAL CARE DUE TO COST Homeowners are increasingly burdened by rising

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTScosts. 18+ VS. DID NOT homeownership In NON-HISPANICS 2023, the number of TAKE cost-burdened homeowners—those spending more

• MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED MONEY thanTO 30SAVE percent of income on housing and utilities—

new construction focused primarily on higher-rent units, which helped to nearly triple the stock that rents for $2,000 or more, from 3.6 million to 9.1 million during the same period.

rose by 646,000 to 20.3 million (Figure 4). They now • A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS WERE OBESE represent 24 percent of all homeowner households. Burdens are rising most rapidly for homeowners with lower incomes and for the growing number of older homeowners. In 2023, a record-high 74.2 percent of the 10.9 million homeowners with incomes below $30,000 were cost burdened, up from 68.7 percent in 2019.

• LATINO DIABETES RATES HAVE REMAINED CONSTANT OVER THE LAST DECADE IN ARIZONA (2011–2021)

The multifamily building boom has ended. Despite historically high rents, developers are struggling to finance new construction in the face of rising operating costs, modest income growth, and higher interest rates. Multifamily construction starts fell 25 percent in 2024 to just 354,000 units, on top of a 14 percent decline in 2023. With new supply ebbing and rental demand once again on the rise, the stage is set for rental markets to tighten over the coming years and for rent increases to accelerate, further stressing household budgets.

• MENTAL HEALTH IN ARIZONA (FEBRUARY 2021)

• SINCE 2020, ALL RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS HAVE EXPERIENCED HIGHER RATES OF MENTAL DISTRESS The rising cost of homeownership is partially explained

• 53% OF HISPANIC ADULTSbySAY HEALTH RISKSinINinsurance JOBS AREpremiums MAJOR REASON FOR steep increases and propGENERALLY WORSE HEALTH OUTCOMES erty taxes. Home insurance premiums jumped 57 percent from 2019 to 2024, according to Freddie Mac. The sharpest increases were in areas with the greatest risk of a climate-related disaster. In Miami, annual premium rates average $17.20 per $1,000 of coverage,

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T H E STAT E O F T H E N AT I O N ’S H O U S I N G 2025

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

AFFORDABLE QUALITY AFFORDABLE QUALITYHOUSING HOUSING SPECIALEXCERPT FEATURE

ACCESS TO CARE

COURTESY OF

according to the ICE Mortgage Monitor, or an annual payment of more than $11,000 on the metro’s medianpriced home (of $644,000).

While households with lower incomes constitute the bulk of burdened renters, the strain is creeping up the income ladder. Fully 83 percent of renters earning under $30,000 were cost burdened in the most recent data, including an astounding 67 percent with severe burdens. But burden rates were also over 70 percent

CHAPTER 7 ACCESS TO CARE Rising construction costs and the scale and frequency of disasters have prompted private insurers not only to raise premiums, but in some cases to reduce coverage or pull out of markets entirely, as in California, Florida,

CHARTS

379-379

for rentersIN earning $30,000 to $44,999, an increase of • IN 2021, NEARLY 1/5 OF HISPANICS THE U.S. DID NOT HAVE HEALTH INSURANCE 15.0 percentage points since 2001. During the same COVERAGE

and Louisiana. In response, homeowners are turning

period, burden rates doubled to more than 45 percent

for renters earning $45,000 to $74,999. • THE PERCENTAGE OF UNINSURED HISPANICS AGED 18–64 ROSE TO MORE THAN THREE TIMES THAT OF NON-HISPANICS BY 2021

to public Fair Access to Insurance Requirement plans and the National Flood Insurance Program. However, like private insurers, these programs face the threat of insolvency. Against this backdrop, the number of uninsured homeowners, estimated at 6.1 million households in 2021, has almost certainly risen.

As housing costs have grown, many households

• MEDICARE/CHIP IS THE LARGEST SOURCE OFavailable COVERAGEtoFOR LATINO KIDS IN ARIZONA have less money cover other necessities. In 2023, renters with incomes below $30,000

• NUMBER & RATE OF UNINSURED LATINO CHILDREN BY ARIZONA COUNTY (2018) had a median of just $250 per month left over after paying for housing. Many are forced to make difficult • HISPANICS AGED 18–29 FIND THE PROCESS TO GET MEDICAL CARE HARDER TO spending trade-offs between crucial needs, including UNDERSTAND THAN OTHERhealthcare, HISPANIC food, AGE GROUPS and retirement savings, according

Property taxes also increased an average of 12 percent between 2021 and 2023, lifting the average annual tax bill to $4,380, according to the ACS. Some state and local governments have implemented tax abatement programs, typically targeted to lowincome and older adult households. However, discounts are often limited, as property taxes are one of the few sources of local revenue.

to the 2023 SAY Consumer Expenditure • ABOUT A THIRD OF HISPANIC ADULTS THEY WOULD PREFERSurvey. A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER WHO SPEAKS SPANISH

Demand Set to Slow

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT GET Net household growth decelerated for the second year NEEDED MEDICAL CARE DUE TO COST in a row in 2024, and the underlying drivers suggest an extended slowdown is on the horizon. Last year, the US added just 1.56 million households, on the heels of 1.61 million in 2023. Growth has further slowed to 1.26 million households annually as of the first quarter of 2025. By contrast, the nation averaged 1.93 million annually between 2019 and 2022.

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT TAKE

• MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED TO SAVE MONEY Cost Burdens Hit Record Number of Renters

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS WERE OBESE • LATINO DIABETES RATES HAVE REMAINED CONSTANT OVER THE LAST DECADE IN ARIZONA (2011–2021) This downturn is occurring at a moment of increasing

For the third consecutive year, the number of costburdened renters reached another record high in 2023 at 22.6 million renters (50 percent). This includes more than 12.1 million (27 percent) who are severely burdened, spending more than half of their income on housing and utilities.

uncertainty regarding • MENTAL HEALTH IN ARIZONA (FEBRUARY 2021) multiple drivers of household

growth, including the employment rate, income

• SINCE 2020, ALL RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS HAVE EXPERIENCED RATES OF growth, immigration levels, and shiftingHIGHER demographics. The immigration surge ended in early 2025, removing MENTAL DISTRESS

As rental unaffordability has worsened, burdens have become more pervasive across the country. Between 2019 and 2023, the share of renters with cost burdens increased in 43 of 50 states and in 89 of the nation’s 100 largest metro areas. More than half of all renters were burdened in 13 states and in 50 of the 100 largest metro areas.

the largest source of population growth and, in turn,

• 53% OF HISPANIC ADULTSthe SAYlargest HEALTH RISKS IN JOBS AREdemand. MAJOR REASON FOR driver of new housing At the same time, demographics are becoming less favorable for GENERALLY WORSE HEALTH OUTCOMES

further growth. Baby boomers will start to turn 80 in 2026 and will soon experience mortality rates that overshadow new household formations.

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

AFFORDABLE QUALITY AFFORDABLE QUALITYHOUSING HOUSING SPECIALEXCERPT FEATURE

ACCESS TO CARE

COURTESY OF

Figure 5

CHAPTER 7 ACCESS TO CARE Housing Assistance Fails to Keep Up with Increasing Needs Very Low-Income Renter Households (Millions) 16

CHARTS

379-379 12

10 8

• IN 2021, NEARLY 1/5 OF HISPANICS IN THE U.S. DID NOT HAVE HEALTH INSURANCE 10 COVERAGE 8 6 • THE PERCENTAGE OF UNINSURED HISPANICS AGED 18–64 ROSE TO MORE THAN THREE 4 TIMES THAT OF NON-HISPANICS BY 2021 2

2 0

2001 Assisted Households

• MEDICARE/CHIP IS THE LARGEST SOURCE OF COVERAGE FOR LATINO KIDS IN ARIZONA 0

2019

2021

2001 2019 Eligible but Unassisted Households No Problems Moderate Problems Severe Problems

2021

• NUMBER & RATE OF UNINSURED LATINO CHILDREN BY ARIZONA COUNTY (2018) • HISPANICS AGED 18–29 FIND THE PROCESS TO GET MEDICAL CARE HARDER TO UNDERSTAND THAN OTHER HISPANIC AGE GROUPS

Notes: Very low-income renters earn 50% or less of area median income. Severe problems include spending more than 50% of income on rent and utilities or living in severely inadequate housing. Moderate problems include spending 30–50% of income on rent and utilities or living in moderately inadequate housing. Source: JCHS tabulations of US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Worst Case Housing Needs Reports to Congress.

• ABOUT A THIRD OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY THEY WOULD PREFER A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER WHO SPEAKS SPANISH including severe cost18+ burdens or severely inadequate • A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT GET housing, an increase of 760,000 households since NEEDED MEDICAL CARE DUE TO COST

More locally, household growth is also influenced by residential moves within markets and across states. Currently, the rate of residential mobility remains at a record low, with just 8.3 percent of households relocating in 2024, limiting another source of new housing demand. This decline reflects both the sharp drop in homeowner moves and a decrease in the relocations from large urban counties into outer suburbs and rural areas that surged during the pandemic.

2019 (Figure 5).

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT TAKE Proposed reductions in federal resources for crucial

• MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED TO SAVE MONEYwould leave even more househousing supports

holds with severe housing problems. Rental assis• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS WERE OBESE tance programs like Housing Choice Vouchers, public housing, and Low-Income Tax LAST Credits provide • LATINO DIABETES RATES HAVE REMAINED CONSTANTHousing OVER THE DECADE IN lifelines for roughly 5.1 million households. Most houseARIZONA (2011–2021) holds assisted by the US Department of Housing

Policy Responses to• Address and(FEBRUARY Urban Development (HUD) have extremely low MENTAL HEALTH IN ARIZONA 2021) Growing Need incomes and include children, older adults, or a person

• SINCE 2020, ALL RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPSThese HAVE programs, EXPERIENCED HIGHER with a disability. which assist RATES vulner-OF Even as the nation’s rental housing affordability chalable households and expand the supply of affordable MENTAL DISTRESS lenges grow in urgency, the availability of federal housing assistance has not kept pace with rising need. It has long been true that only about one in four income-eligible renters are able to secure a subsidy, but the number that go without assistance has grown substantially in recent years. At last count in 2021, a record-high 8.5 million very low-income renter households experienced worst case housing needs,

housing, are already underfunded.

• 53% OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY HEALTH RISKS IN JOBS ARE MAJOR REASON FOR GENERALLY WORSE HEALTH OUTCOMES The potential pullback in federal resources comes at a time of record-high homelessness. In January 2024, fully 771,480 people were homeless, a 33 percent increase since January 2020. Of these, an all-time high of 152,590 people were chronically homeless, having been unhoused for at least a year or having

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

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ACCESS TO CARE

COURTESY OF

experienced episodic homelessness during the last

Another obstacle is the growth in monthly mortgage payments, made worse by elevated interest rates. The Federal Home Loan Banks can offer lower rates for

CHAPTER 7 ACCESS TO CARE three years. While the temporary surge in asylum

seekers added to the rise in overall homelessness, much of the increase in housing instability comes from

growing housing costs and a lack of affordable housing.

homebuyers with modest incomes. FHLB Des Moines

Some places, including Houston and Milwaukee

and FHLBank Boston both launched permanent rate buydown products in 2024, reducing interest rates by up to 2 percentage points.

using housing first principles, a strategy that houses individuals and then provides supportive services

Special purpose credit programs (SPCPs) can also increase access to homeownership by allowing lenders

CHARTS

379-379

• IN 2021, NEARLY 1/5 OF HISPANICS IN THE U.S. DID NOT HAVE HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE

County, have successfully reduced homelessness

• THE PERCENTAGE OF UNINSURED HISPANICS AGED 18–64 ROSE TO MORE THAN THREE to offerBY products TIMES THAT OF NON-HISPANICS 2021 to populations and communities

to address other needs, such as mental health or substance abuse challenges. Delayed grant disburse-

historically underserved by the mortgage market.

While SPCPs wereOF enabled by a law the 1970s, • MEDICARE/CHIP IS THE LARGEST SOURCE COVERAGE FORpassed LATINOinKIDS IN ARIZONA

ments to homeless services providers are threatening this work as well as the viability of shelters, permanent

it was guidance from HUD and the Consumer Finan-

• hotlines. NUMBER & RATE OF UNINSURED LATINO CHILDREN ARIZONA COUNTY (2018) supportive housing, and crisis cial Protection Bureau onBY compliance with the Fair Housing Act that spurred the development of these • HISPANICS AGED 18–29 FIND THE PROCESS TO GET MEDICAL CARE HARDER TO programs. In addition to expanding access to credit UNDERSTAND THAN OTHER HISPANIC AGE GROUPS state and local governments to encourage develand downpayment assistance, SPCPs have broadThe magnitude of unmet housing needs has prompted

opment of lower-cost housing options. Many are reforming zoning laws to increase the construction of

ened the market served by government-sponsored • ABOUT A THIRD OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY THEY WOULD PREFER A HEALTH CARE enterprises (GSEs) and for-profit companies. However, PROVIDER WHO SPEAKS SPANISH smaller apartment buildings and accessory dwelling a recent directive from the Federal Housing Finance

Agency (FHFA) will prevent Mac and DID Fannie • A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS.Freddie NON-HISPANICS NOT GET Mae from continuing this work. NEEDED MEDICAL CARE DUE TO COST

units (ADUs). Fourteen states now preempt local limits

on ADUs in some capacity, with Arizona, Colorado, Hawaii, and Massachusetts joining the list in 2024.

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT TAKE The Outlook

New financing mechanisms are also increasingly

• MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED TO SAVEfor MONEY The outlook housing is inextricably linked to that of

important. Last year, voters approved more than $640

million in state and local affordable housing bonds. Eight places also passed ballot initiatives to levy lodging taxes in support of affordable housing, and

the economy and federal policy. As such, much of its

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS WERE OBESE future is uncertain. Nonetheless, housing affordability will remain the primary challenge • LATINO DIABETES RATES HAVE REMAINED CONSTANT OVER for THEboth LASThouseholds DECADE IN and housing markets, and costs appear likely to rise. ARIZONA (2011–2021) Homebuilders estimate that the newly imposed tariffs

three others increased or extended real estate transfer taxes. More than 800 state and local housing trust funds are also available to finance affordable housing. But flexible federal resources are often needed to buttress these efforts. States and localities will be far less effective in addressing the affordability crisis if federal funding declines.

on construction materials will increase new home • MENTAL HEALTH IN ARIZONA (FEBRUARY 2021) prices by $10,900 apiece, according to an April 2025

• SINCE 2020, ALL RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS HAVE EXPERIENCED RATES OF survey by the National Association ofHIGHER Home Builders (NAHB). Changing interest rates could have an even MENTAL DISTRESS greater impact on costs for builders and buyers of

• 53% OF HISPANIC ADULTSboth SAY singleHEALTH and RISKSmultifamily IN JOBS AREhousing. MAJOR REASON FOR And overall GENERALLY WORSE HEALTH OUTCOMES In the current environment of rising costs, fewer houseeconomic uncertainty surrounding the implications holds are able to access homeownership and its associated benefits. One major barrier is the downpayment. Despite the nearly 1,700 downpayment assistance programs identified by the Urban Institute in 2023, millions of would-be buyers simply do not have the

of recent policy changes could continue to slow market activity as consumer confidence languishes at near-record lows.

necessary cash.

T H E STAT E O F T H E N AT I O N ’S H O U S I N G 20 25

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AFFORDABLE QUALITY AFFORDABLE QUALITYHOUSING HOUSING SPECIALEXCERPT FEATURE

ACCESS TO CARE

COURTESY OF

Meanwhile, proposed and implemented cuts to federal housing resources will weaken assistance programs that are already underfunded relative to the demon-

CHAPTER 7 ACCESS TO CARE strated need. Even when budgets are preserved, reductions in staff and delays in disbursing funds

CHARTS

are hampering effectiveness. The diminishment of

379-379

• IN 2021, NEARLY 1/5 OF HISPANICS IN THE U.S. DID NOT HAVE HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE

these critical supports threatens to exacerbate an

already-unprecedented housing crisis, with record numbers of households facing rent burdens and

• THE PERCENTAGE OF UNINSURED HISPANICS AGED 18–64 ROSE TO MORE THAN THREE TIMES THAT OF NON-HISPANICS BY 2021

experiencing homelessness. Pullback of the federal

government funding that underpins state and local programs would also undermine regional efforts to

• MEDICARE/CHIP IS THE LARGEST SOURCE OF COVERAGE FOR LATINO KIDS IN ARIZONA Cuts to critical

promote more affordable housing options and assist income-eligible households.

• NUMBER & RATE OF UNINSURED LATINOfederal CHILDREN BYsupports ARIZONA COUNTY (2018)

The growing risk to the housing stock of increasingly frequent and severe climate disasters is impacting a

• HISPANICS AGED 18–29 FIND THE PROCESS TO GET MEDICAL CARE HARDER TO would worsen UNDERSTAND THAN OTHER HISPANIC AGE GROUPS broader range of geographies and households. It is

the • ABOUT A THIRD OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY THEYnational WOULD PREFER A HEALTH CARE crises. Here, too, addressing these challenges necesPROVIDER WHO SPEAKS SPANISH housing crisis. sitates a level of federal support and resources that also worsening the supply shortage and affordability

may soon be reduced.

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT GET NEEDED MEDICAL CARE DUE TO COST

Against this backdrop is the growing possibility of an

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS DID NOT TAKE

economic downturn, a scenario that could significantly increase housing needs. Given the magni-

• MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED TO SAVE MONEY

tude of the housing affordability challenges, the

increasing economic uncertainty, and the potential

• A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF HISPANIC ADULTS 18+ VS. NON-HISPANICS WERE OBESE

federal retrenchment, there is an obvious imperative to preserve the existing housing supply and govern-

• LATINO DIABETES RATES HAVE REMAINED CONSTANT OVER THE LAST DECADE IN ARIZONA (2011–2021) in the current environment and is far short of what ment resources. But even this could prove difficult

• MENTAL HEALTH IN ARIZONA (FEBRUARY 2021)

is required to ensure healthy housing markets and stable households. At this moment, when unprecedented numbers of households are unable to afford

• SINCE 2020, ALL RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS HAVE EXPERIENCED HIGHER RATES OF MENTAL DISTRESS

housing and the sector’s economic contributions are suppressed, there must be a concerted effort to do more to address the affordability and supply crises.

• 53% OF HISPANIC ADULTS SAY HEALTH RISKS IN JOBS ARE MAJOR REASON FOR The potential consequences ofGENERALLY inaction are simply WORSE HEALTH OUTCOMES too harmful to the macroeconomy and the millions of households striving for a safe, affordable place to call home.

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

QUALITY AFFORDABLE FOOD

CHAPTER 5 QUALITY AFFORDABLE FOOD SPECIAL FEATURE

106 110

EXCERPT

Quality Affordable Food Insights Household Food Security in the United States in 2024

In 2024, 79.8% of Hispanic households were food secure. The remaining 20.2% of Hispanic households were food insecure. Of that 20.2%, 13.8% of Hispanic households had low food security, and 6.4% had very low food security. The 2024 prevalence of food security and food insecurity within Hispanic households was not significantly different from 2023.

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

QUALITY AFFORDABLE FOOD

CHAPTER 5 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Quality Affordable Food Insights United States Select all

Metro Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale Area Pre-COVID

COVID Era

Post-COVID

Food insecurity is defined as "lack of consistent access to the food needed for an active, health life" and is considered a major threat to public health with various consequences on mental and physical well-being. In the United States the primary cause of food insecurity is related not to food production or availability but rather is related to income distribution which affects individuals purchasing power (Berkowitz et al., 2024; Olufemi-Philips et al., 2024).

12-month Percentage Change, Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food *Not seasonally adjusted

CPI Item

All food

Food at home

Food away from home

Annual percent change

15 10 5 0 -5

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Year

Source: DATOS Total Access — Quality Affordable Food Dashboard

106

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

2024

QUALITY AFFORDABLE FOOD

CHAPTER 5 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Quality Affordable Food Insights Year

a-Scottsdale Area

All



Households receiving SNAP benefits: All Years, All Areas, All Groups

Post-COVID

d for an active, health nces on mental and is related not to food ffects individuals

259.1M

Number of WIC participants: All Years, All Areas, All Groups

80.5M

Number of WIC eligible individuals: All Years, All Areas, All Groups

153.2M

Urban Consumers:

Race/Ethnicity All

Area 

All



CPI Item Year Annual percent change



All food

2017

0.4

All food

2019

3.1

All food All food All food All food 2023

2024

All food All food

Food at home Food at home

2018

0.8

2020

3.3

2021

3.4

2022

10.2

2024

2.1

2023

6.3

2017

-2.1

2018

-0 6

Source: DATOS Total Access — Quality Affordable Food Dashboard

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

QUALITY AFFORDABLE FOOD

CHAPTER 5 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Quality Affordable Food Insights

Period Category Select all

Pre-COVID

CPI Item

COVID Era

Post-COVID

Select all

All food

United States, 12-Month Percentage Change, Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food

CPI Item

*Not seasonally adjusted

Annual percent change

CPI Item

All food

Food at home

Food away from home

2.3

0.9 0

1.4

0.4

2.6

1.9

0.9

3.1

3.4 3.5 3.4

11.4 7.7

3.9 3.5 4.5

5.8

5.0

7.1

-0.2 2017

2018

2019

2020 Year

2021

2022

2023

Annual percent change

Food at home

2017

0.9

All food

United States

2018

1.4

All food

United States

2019

1.9

All food

United States

2020

3.4

All food

United States

2021

3.9

All food

United States

2022

9.9

CPI Item

10.2

10 4.0 0

2.7

0.8

0.4 -2.1 2017

3.1 3.1 3.0

3.3 3.8 3.0

8.6

3.4 3.5 3.2

6.3

8.8 4.6

2.1 1.2

3.6

-0.6 2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Locale

Year



Food away from home

2023

2024

Annual percent change

All food

United States

2017

0.9

All food

United States

2018

1.4

All food

United States

2019

1.9

All food

United States

2020

3.4

All food

United States

2021

3.9

All food

United States

2022

9.9

Year

Source: DATOS Total Access — Quality Affordable Food Dashboard

108

Annual percent change

United States

*Not seasonally adjusted All food

Year

Food away from home

All food

Metro Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale Area, 12-Month Percentage Change, Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food CPI Item

Locale



9.9

Food at home

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

QUALITY AFFORDABLE FOOD

CHAPTER 5 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Quality Affordable Food Insights

Area 2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

All



Food Insecurity Rate by County Location Food Insecurity Category

High

Moderate

Households receiving SNAP benefits: 2023, All Areas, All Groups

34.8M Number of individuals who are food insecure: 2023, All Areas, All Groups

Source: DATOS Total Access — Quality Affordable Food Dashboard

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QUALITY AFFORDABLE FOOD

EXCERPT

Household Food Security in the United States in 2024 Economic Research Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture

110

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

QUALITY AFFORDABLE FOOD

Economic Research Service Economic Research Report Number 358 December 2025

EXCERPT

Household Food Security in the United States in 2024 Matthew P. Rabbitt Madeline Reed-Jones Laura J. Hales Shellye Suttles Michael P. Burke

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EXCERPT

QUALITY AFFORDABLE FOOD

Summary

A report summary from the Economic Research Service

Household Food Security in the United States in 2024 Matthew P. Rabbitt, Madeline Reed-Jones, Laura J. Hales, Shellye Suttles, and Michael P. Burke Key Points • In 2024, 86.3 percent of U.S. households were food secure. The remaining 13.7 percent (18.3 million households) were food insecure. Food-insecure households (those with low and very low food security) had difficulty at some time during the year providing enough food for all their members because of a lack of resources. The 2024 prevalence of food insecurity was not statistically significantly different from the 13.5 percent in 2023 nor the 12.8 percent in 2022. • In 2024, 5.4 percent of households had very low food security, statistically similar to the 5.1 percent in both 2023 and 2022. In this more severe range of food insecurity, the food intake of some household members was reduced and normal eating patterns were disrupted at times during the year because of limited resources. • Children were food insecure at times during 2024 in 9.1 percent of U.S. households with children (3.3 million households), statistically similar to the 8.9 percent in 2023 and 8.8 percent in 2022. These households with food insecurity among children were unable at times to provide adequate, nutritious food for their children. • Children are usually shielded from the conditions that characterize very low food security. However, in 2024, children, along with adults, experienced instances of very low food security in 0.9 percent of households with children, statistically similar to the 1.0 percent in both 2023 and 2022. These 318,000 households with very low food security among children reported that, at times in 2024, children were hungry, skipped a meal, or did not eat for a whole day because there was not enough money for food.

Why Does This Matter? Most U.S. households have consistent, dependable access to enough food for active, healthy living, meaning they are food secure. However, some households experience food insecurity at times during the year, meaning their ability to acquire adequate food is limited by a lack of money and other resources. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) food and nutrition assistance programs aim to increase food security by providing low-income households access to food for a healthful diet, as well as nutrition education. USDA monitors the extent and severity of food insecurity in U.S. households through an annual, nationally representative survey sponsored

and analyzed by USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS). This report presents statistics from the survey that cover household food security, food expenditures, and the use of Federal food and nutrition assistance programs in 2024. The prevalence of food insecurity is determined by many factors, including household circumstances, the economy, and Federal, State, and local policies. This report does not provide an analysis of the factors that determine the prevalence of or trends in food insecurity.

Economic Research Report # 358 Report Summary | December 2025

www.ers.usda.gov

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EXCERPT

A Few More Details Data for the USDA, ERS food security reports come from an annual survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census as the December supplement to the monthly Current Population Survey. USDA, ERS sponsors the annual Food Security Supplement (FSS) and compiles and analyzes the responses. The 2024 FSS included 32,719 households, which comprised a representative sample of the U.S. civilian population of about 134 million households. The FSS asked one adult respondent per household about experiences and behaviors that indicate food insecurity during calendar year 2024, such as being unable to afford balanced meals, cutting the size of meals, or being hungry because of too little money for food. The food security status of the household was assigned based on the number of food-insecure conditions reported. Prevalence of food insecurity in 2024 similar to 2023 prevalence

Percent of households 16

13.7 percent

14 Food insecurity (including low and very low food security)

12 10 8

5.4 percent

6 Very low food security

4 2

06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 20 17 20 18 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24

Source: USDA, Economic Research Service using U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey Food Security Supplements data.

ERS is a primary source of economic research and analysis from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, providing timely information on economic and policy issues related to agriculture, food, the environment, and rural America. Economic Research Report # 358 Report Summary | December 2025

www.ers.usda.gov

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EXCERPT

QUALITY AFFORDABLE FOOD Figure 2

U.S. households with children by food security status of adults and children, 2024

Food-insecure households with children: 18.4% Food insecurity among adults only: 9.3%

Low food security among children: 8.2%

Food-secure households with children: 81.6%

Very low food security among children: 0.9%

Food-insecure children and adults1: 9.1%

1The food security survey measures food security status at the household level. Not all individuals in a household are affected

equally by the households' food insecurity. However, in households where the child is food insecure, the adults also experience food insecurity. Source: USDA, Economic Research Service using U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2024 Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement data.

The food security survey is designed to measure food security status at the household level. Although it is informative to examine the number of persons living in food-insecure households, these statistics should be interpreted carefully. Within a food-insecure household, each household member may be affected differently by the household’s food insecurity. Some members—particularly young children—may experience only mild or no effects, whereas adults are more severely affected (Coleman-Jensen et al., 2013; Nord, 2009a). It is more precise to describe these statistics as representing “persons living in food-insecure households” rather than as representing “food-insecure persons.” Similarly, “persons living in households with very low food security” is a more precise description than “persons with very low food security.” In 2024, 47.9 million people lived in food-insecure households (table 1a, middle panel). They constituted 14.4 percent of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population and included 33.8 million adults (table 1a, bottom panel) and 14.1 million children (table 1b, bottom panel). About 7.3 million children (10.1 percent of children) lived in households where at least one child was food insecure. About 12.4 million adults (4.8 percent of adults) lived in households with very low food security (table 1a, bottom panel), and 751,000 children (1.0 percent of children) lived in households with very low food security among children (table 1b, bottom panel).

11 Household Food Security in the United States in 2024, ERR-358 USDA, Economic Research Service

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EXCERPT

The prevalence of food insecurity in 2024 (13.7 percent) is not statistically different from the rate in 2022 and 2023, statistically significantly higher than the food insecurity prevalence observed from 2016 through 2021 and statistically significantly lower than the level observed in 2011 (figure 3; table 1a). The stability in the prevalence of food insecurity between 2022 and 2024 coincides with food price inflation that began to surge in 2022. Regarding earlier annual trends, a statistically significant decline in the prevalence of food insecurity from 11.1 percent in 2018 to 10.5 percent occurred in 2019, and food insecurity was unchanged at 10.5 percent in 2020 (figure 3; table 1a). For the first time, in 2019, food insecurity was statistically significantly below the 11.1-percent, pre-recession level of 2007. Year-to-year declines in food insecurity from 2014 to 2015, 2016 to 2017, and 2017 to 2018 were also statistically significant. Some year-to-year changes were not statistically significant, that is, there was no real change, or the changes were within the range that could occur from sampling variation. The cumulative decline from 2011 (14.9 percent) to 2014 (14 percent) was statistically significant. In the previous decade, food insecurity increased from 10.7 percent in 2001 to 11.9 percent in 2004, declined to about 11.0 percent in 2005‒07, then increased significantly in 2008 (to 14.6 percent), and remained essentially unchanged (i.e., the difference was not statistically significant) at that level in 2009 and 2010. Figure 3

Trends in the prevalence of food insecurity and very low food security in U.S. households, 2001–24 Percent of households 16 14 Food insecurity (including low and very low food security)

12 10 8 6

Very low food security

4 2

06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 20 17 20 18 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24

Source: USDA, Economic Research Service using data from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey Food Security Supplements.

The prevalence of very low food security in 2024 (5.4 percent) was not statistically significantly different from the prevalence in 2022 and 2023 (5.1 percent), but the prevalence was statistically significantly higher than the annual prevalence from 2017 through 2021 (table 1a). The prevalence of very low food security in 2024 was not statistically significantly different from that observed in 2010–16. Statistically significant year-to-year declines in very low food security occurred in 2014–15 and 2016–17. The prevalence of very low food security was essentially unchanged from 2011 (5.7 percent) through 2014. The prevalence of very low food security was also 5.7 percent in 2008 and 2009. Before 2008, the prevalence of very low food security increased from 3.3 percent in 2001 to 3.9 percent in 2004 and remained essentially unchanged through 2007 (4.1 percent). The prevalence of food insecurity in households with children was higher in 2024 (18.4 percent) than in 2022 (17.3 percent) and 2023 (17.9 percent), a difference that is not statistically significant (figure 4; table 1b). The 2024 prevalence of food insecurity in households with children was statistically significantly higher than that observed in 2015 through 2021 and statistically significantly lower than the levels in 2010 through 2011. 17 Household Food Security in the United States in 2024, ERR-358 USDA, Economic Research Service

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EXCERPT

The percentage of households with food insecurity among children in 2024 (9.1 percent) was not statistically significantly different from the 2022 (8.8 percent) and 2023 prevalence (8.9 percent) but was statistically significantly higher than the prevalence observed in 2015 through 2021. The prevalence of households with food insecurity among children between 2010 and 2014 was not statistically significantly different from that observed in 2024. The percentage of households with very low food security among children in 2024 (0.9 percent) was not statistically significantly different from the prevalence from 2023 (1.0 percent) but was statistically significantly lower than the 2012 prevalence (1.2 percent). Figure 4

Trends in the prevalence of food insecurity in U.S. households with children, 2001–24 Percent of households with children 22

Food insecurity in households with children

20 18 16 14 12 10 8

Food insecurity among children

6 4

Very low food security among children

06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 20 17 20 18 20 19 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24

Source: USDA, Economic Research Service using U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey Food Security Supplements data.

Prevalence of Food Insecurity by Selected Household Characteristics The prevalence of food insecurity varied considerably in 2024 among households with different demographic and economic characteristics (table 2). The differences in food security across demographic and geographic groups partly reflected the differences in income across those groups. Although no further adjustment beyond Census Bureau survey sample weights was made for income in the statistics presented in this report, food insecurity was strongly associated with income. For example, 39.4 percent of households with annual incomes below the official poverty line (household income-to-poverty ratio under 1.00) were food insecure, compared with just 7.9 percent of those with incomes at or above 185 percent of the poverty line.20 Table S-1 in the Statistical Supplement (Rabbitt et al., 2025) shows food insecurity by selected household characteristics for households with annual incomes below 130 percent of the poverty line. Most households with gross incomes at or below 130 percent of the poverty line are eligible to participate in SNAP, provided they meet other eligibility criteria (USDA, Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), 2022).

20 The Federal poverty line was $31,812 for a family of four (two adults and two children) in 2024. Some households in the Current Population Survey did not report their income because they did not know or refused to provide it. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census imputed income for those households and identified which households did not report their income. USDA’s Economic Research Service calculated the household income-to-poverty ratio only for households with reported income and assigned those households that did not report income as having “income unknown.”

18 Household Food Security in the United States in 2024, ERR-358 USDA, Economic Research Service

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MEMBRESÍAS SIGNIFICAN MÁS EMPIEZA EN TU ASIENTO. NO ES DONDE TERMINA.

MÁS QUE

UN ASIENTO

MÁS QUE

UN JUEGO

MÁS QUE

UN FANÁTICO

LOSDBACKS COM/MEMBERSHIP

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY CHARTS

121-136 • Rising Temperatures: Arizona Consistently Outpaces the National Average

Workers Bear the Deadliest Share of On-the-Job Heat Exposure • Hispanic Workers Are a Growing Share of Construction — And of Its Fatalities •

• Arizona's Daily Highs Run 10°F Hotter Than the Nation — Year After Year

•

• Maricopa, Pima, and Yuma Face the Highest Heat Exposure in Arizona

•

• Phoenix Summers Are Growing Hotter: July Daily Highs Reach Record Levels • 25 Years of Decline: Lake Mead's Water Levels Reflect the Colorado River Crisis • Arizona Has Been in Drought for Most of the 21st Century — And 2025 Is Among the Worst • U.S. Hispanic Workers Are Nearly Twice as Likely to Work in High Heat-Exposed Industries • Arizona Hispanic Workers Are Twice as Likely to Work in the State's Hottest Jobs • Phoenix Hispanic Workers Are More Than Twice as Likely to Work in High Heat Jobs • Construction and Agriculture

•

Tripled in a Decade • Manufactured and Mobile Homes Are Overrepresented in Indoor Heat Deaths

• White and Hispanic Residents Arizona’s New Heat Guidelines Are Account for the Most HeatNot an Enforceable Standard — Related Deaths Six States Have One in Maricopa County Hispanic Families Spend 42% • Extreme Heat Is Already More of Their Income on Energy Disrupting the School Day in Than the National Average Maricopa County 71% of Phoenix Metro Hispanic • Small, Rural Districts Bear the Households Use Electricity — The Highest Per-Student Cooling Most Expensive Way to Beat the Costs in Arizona Heat • Mesa Unified Faces the Highest The Solar Market Is Shifting — Combined Cooling Cost of Any Over 44% of Adopters Now Earn Maricopa District Under $100K • In Some Maricopa Districts, Nearly 60% of Arizona Solar Cooling Costs Exceed $130 per Adopters Earn Under $100K — A Student Sign of Growing Equity • Arizona's Cooling Costs Are Groundwater and the Colorado Surprisingly Low Compared to River Supply Nearly 80% of Neighboring States Arizona's Water • Heat Deaths in Maricopa County Agriculture Accounts for Nearly Rose for Nearly a Decade, but Three Quarters of Arizona's Total Have Just Begun to Fall Water Use • Phoenix-Mesa Ranks 4th Worst in In the Southwest, Heat Ranks the Nation for Ozone Pollution Among the Top Causes of Crop • Maricopa County's Ozone Days Insurance Losses Rose From 48 to 58 Per Year While Other Weather Hazards Stay • Highlights Flat, Heat Fatalities Have Nearly 118

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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD

137 139 143 146 149 152 164 IN FOCUS

IN FOCUS

EXCERPT

Environmental Quality Insights

POWERING ARIZONA’S FUTURE:

Clean Energy, Savings and Sustainability with SRP BY TOM COOPER

HEALTHY LANDS, STRONG COMMUNITIES:

How Hispanic Leadership Is Shaping Arizona’s Conservation Future BY CAMILLA SIMON

EMERGING SUSTAINABILITY LEADERS:

Building Arizona’s Next Generation of Sustainability Professionals BY MACIE LANTRIP

GROWING SAVINGS ONE TREE AT A TIME:

SRP Shade Tree Program™ Continues to Make an Impact BY TANYA HUGHES

State of Climate Action 2025

10 years after the Paris Agreement was signed by 190 countries, the goal of limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, is at best, a mixed result, and at worst, heading in the wrong direction.

Arizona Climate Summary 2025

The Arizona Climate Office’s 2025 summary of Arizona’s climate conditions details significant weather events across the state.

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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY SPECIAL FEATURE

171

WestGroup Research

Environmental Quality Survey Results

NOTES

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Rising Temperatures: Arizona Consistently Outpaces the National Average

U.S. AND ARIZONA, ANNUAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE, 2000–2025 61.7

60.9 61.5

61.3 60.1 61.8 61.4 61.1 61.2 61.5 60.6 61.0 60.9 60.6

61.2

53.1

53.3 53.6

53.9 53.0 54.1

52.4 52.9 53.7 53.6 52.3

63.3 60.8

62.8 63.5

60.8

62.0 61.3

55.3 54.3 53.7 52.7 55.0 54.2 54.1 54.3 54.4 52.9 52.3

55.0 53.1

61.4 62.6

62.3 62.1

55.0

53.5

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

UNITED STATES

ARIZONA

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from National Time Series data. Original analysis by NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Climate at a Glance (2026). www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/climate-at-a-glance/national/time-series/110/tavg/12/1/2000-2026

78.3

76.175.4

74.4

75.2 76.1

75.1 67.3

66.8

64.4

64.6 65.8

64.1

76.3

65.9

74.4 75.9

66.4

77.6 66.2

65.0 64.3

77.7

76.5

75.3 75.1

67.3

65.8 66.3

77.1

65.9

67.0

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Arizona's Daily Highs Run 10°F Hotter Than the Nation — Year After Year

U.S. VS. ARIZONA, ANNUAL AVERAGE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE, 2010–2025

UNITED STATES

ARIZONA

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Maricopa, Pima, and Yuma Face the Highest Heat Exposure in Arizona

ANNUAL AVERAGE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE BY ARIZONA COUNTY, 2025

89.2 87.1 87.1 85.9 85.6 79.3 79.1 78.2 77.6 76.9 76.9 73.7 70.5 70.4 68.7

YUMA COUNTY MARICOPA COUNTY LA PAZ COUNTY PINAL COUNTY PIMA COUNTY COCHISE COUNTY SANTA CRUZ… GRAHAM COUNTY MOHAVE COUNTY YAVAPAI COUNTY GILA COUNTY GREENLEE COUNTY NAVAJO COUNTY COCONINO COUNTY APACHE COUNTY

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from County Mapping data. Original analysis by NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Climate at a Glance (2026). www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/climate-at-a-glance/county/mapping

Phoenix Summers Are Growing Hotter: July Daily Highs Reach Record Levels

PHOENIX JULY AVERAGE DAILY HIGH TEMPERATURE (°F), 2015–2025 114.7 110.9 109.3 108.6109.3 108.5 107.2 106.2 104.7

112.3 107.6

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 !"#$%&'()*)+

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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

25 Years of Decline: Lake Mead's Water Levels Reflect the Colorado River Crisis

LAKE MEAD ANNUAL AVERAGE WATER LEVEL

(FEET ABOVE SEA LEVEL), 2000–2025

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from historical reservoir elevation data. Original analysis by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Lake Mead at Hoover Dam End of Month Elevation (2026). www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/hourly/mead-elv.html

2.29

0.42

-0.49

-0.5

-0.69

-0.74

-3.11 -3.93 -5.15

-2.91

-3.02

-0.84

-3.04

-1.13

-1.21

-1.36

-3.4

-3.76

-3.77 -4.31

0.22

-4.21 -4.65

-4.76

-5.67

-5.8

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Arizona Has Been in Drought for Most of the 21st Century — And 2025 Is Among the Worst

ARIZONA PALMER DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX (PDSI), JULY 2000–2025

NOTE: The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) measures how dry or wet conditions are relative to the historical average. Values below zero indicate drought conditions — the more negative, the more severe. July readings capture peak drought conditions at the height of Arizona's dry season, making it the most representative month for annual drought severity. CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from historical reservoir elevation data. Original analysis by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Lake Mead at Hoover Dam End of Month Elevation (2026). www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/hourly/mead-elv.html

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U.S. Hispanic Workers Are Nearly Twice as Likely to Work in High Heat-Exposed Industries

U.S. WORKERS IN HEAT-EXPOSED INDUSTRIES BY ETHNICITY, 2024

65.4% 53.5%

LOW/NO HEAT EXPOSURE

27.5% 32.6%

MODERATE HEAT EXPOSURE

HIGH HEAT EXPOSURE

7.1% 13.9%

UNITED STATES NOT HISPANIC

UNITED STATES HISPANIC

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from American Community Survey data. Original analysis by U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 1-Year Estimates, Table C24030, Industry by Sex for the Civilian Employed Population 16 Years and Over, Hispanic or Latino and Not Hispanic or Latino (2024). data.census.gov/table?t=400:450&g=040XX00US04

Arizona Hispanic Workers Are Twice as Likely to Work in the State's Hottest Jobs

ARIZONA WORKERS IN HEAT-EXPOSED INDUSTRIES BY ETHNICITY, 2024

64.2% 52.4%

LOW/NO HEAT EXPOSURE

28.6% 33.5%

MODERATE HEAT EXPOSURE HIGH HEAT EXPOSURE

7.2% 14.1%

ARIZONA NOT HISPANIC

ARIZONA HISPANIC

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Phoenix Hispanic Workers Are More Than Twice as Likely to Work in High Heat Jobs

PHOENIX METRO WORKERS IN HEAT-EXPOSED INDUSTRIES BY ETHNICITY, 2024

65.50% 51.30%

LOW/NO HEAT EXPOSURE MODERATE HEAT EXPOSURE HIGH HEAT EXPOSURE

28.00% 34.40% 6.50% 14.30%

PHOENIX-MESA-CHANDLER, AZ METRO AREA NOT HISPANIC PHOENIX-MESA-CHANDLER, AZ METRO AREA HISPANIC

Construction and Agriculture Workers Bear the Deadliest Share of Onthe-Job Heat Exposure

SHARE OF FATAL HEAT-RELATED WORKPLACE INJURIES BY INDUSTRY, 2023

34.00%

CONSTRUCTION

28.30%

SUPPRESSED/MISSING AGRICULTURE, FISHING, FORESTRY, AND HUNTING

20.80%

TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING

9.40%

UTILITIES

7.50%

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries data. Original analysis by CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training, Data Bulletin (August 2025). www.cpwr.com/wp-content/uploads/DataBulletin-August2025.pdf

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY HISPANIC SHARE OF CONSTRUCTION WORKFORCE VS. FATAL WORK INJURIES

Hispanic 37.5% Workers Are a 34.0% Growing Share 24.4% 25.3% of Construction — And of Its Fatalities 2011 2022–2023 SHARE OF CONSTRUCTION WORKFORCE

SHARE OF FATAL WORK INJURIES

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from construction workforce and fatality data. Original analysis by CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training, Data Bulletin (December 2024). www.cpwr.com/wp-content/uploads/DataBulletin-December2024.pdf

Arizona’s New Heat Guidelines Are Not an Enforceable Standard — Six States Have One

YEAR STATE HEAT ILLNESS PREVENTION STANDARD TOOK LEGAL EFFECT 2025 2022 2023 2024

2026

2005

CALIFORNIA OREGON WASHINGTON MARYLAND NEVADA

COLORADO ARIZONA

NOTE: In April 2026, the Industrial Commission of Arizona adopted non-binding heat safety guidelines and an employer plan template, but Arizona still has no enforceable heat illness standard with legally binding requirements like the six states shown above. CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from construction workforce and fatality data. Original analysis by CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training, Data Bulletin (December 2024). www.cpwr.com/wp-content/uploads/DataBulletin-December2024.pdf

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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Hispanic Families Spend 42% More of Their Income on Energy Than the National Average

AVERAGE COMBINED ENERGY BURDEN BY HOUSEHOLD TYPE, UNITED STATES, 2022

7.9%

HISPANIC

6.1%

BLACK WHITE, NON-HISPANIC

5.4%

ALL HOUSEHOLDS

5.6%

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from combined household energy burden data. Original analysis by American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE), "Combined Energy Burdens: Estimating Total Home and Transportation Energy Burdens," Topic Brief, May 2024. www.aceee.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/combined_energy_burdens_-_estimating_total_home_and_transportation_energy_burdens.pdf

1.7% 0.9%

32.6%

64.8%

71.6% 1.6% 1.3%

25.6%

3.8% 0.8%

38.3% 57.0%

65.2%

1.7% 1.1%

32.0%

6.1% 1.0%

3.4% 2.5%

52.0% 40.8%

BY ETHNICITY, U.S., ARIZONA, AND PHOENIX METRO, 2024

47.1% 47.1%

71% of Phoenix Metro Hispanic Households Use Electricity — The Most Expensive Way to Beat the Heat

HOUSEHOLD HEATING FUEL TYPE

HISPANIC OR NOT HISPANIC HISPANIC OR NOT HISPANIC HISPANIC OR NOT HISPANIC LATINO OR LATINO LATINO OR LATINO LATINO OR LATINO UNITED STATES ARIZONA PHOENIX-MESA-CHANDLER, AZ METRO AREA

GAS

ELECTRICITY

ALL OTHER FUELS

NO FUEL USED

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from American Community Survey data. Original analysis by U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 1-Year Estimates, Table B25040, House Heating Fuel by Hispanic or Latino Origin (2024). data.census.gov/table?t=400:450&g=010XX00US_040XX00US04_310XX00US38060

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

The Solar Market Is Shifting — Over 44% of Adopters Now Earn Under $100K

NATIONAL SOLAR ADOPTER INCOME DISTRIBUTION, 2023 30.5% 22.8% 13.7%

14.0% 8.1%

<$50k

10.90%

$50–100k $100–150k $150–200k $200–250k >$250k

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from solar adopter income data. Original analysis by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Residential Solar-Adopter Income and Demographic Trends (2024). emp.lbl.gov/solar-demographics-tool

Nearly 60% of Arizona Solar Adopters Earn Under $100K — A Sign of Growing Equity

ARIZONA SOLAR ADOPTER INCOME DISTRIBUTION, 2023 39.3% 21.3%

19.9%

9.6% <$50k

3.4% 6.4%

$50–100k $100–150k $150–200k $200–250k

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

>$250k

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Groundwater and the 18% Colorado River Supply Nearly 80% of Arizona's Water 36%

ARIZONA WATER SUPPLY BY SOURCE, 2020

5% 41% GROUNDWATER COLORADO RIVER IN-STATE RIVERS RECLAIMED WATER

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from Arizona water supply data. Original analysis by Arizona Department of Water Resources, Annual Water Use Report (2020), www.azwater.gov/adwr-data-dashboards

Agriculture Accounts for Nearly Three Quarters of Arizona's Total Water Use

ARIZONA WATER USE BY SECTOR, 2019

6% 22%

AGRICULTURAL USE MUNICIPAL USE INDUSTRIAL USE

72%

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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

In the Southwest, Heat Ranks Among the Top Causes of Crop Insurance Losses

CROP INSURANCE INDEMNITIES (IN MILLIONS)

1,387 1,386 1,333 1,140 830 592 326 319 277

DROUGHT FAILURE OF IRRIGATION SUPPLY HEAT EXCESS MOISTURE / PRECIPITATION / RAIN HAIL FREEZE WIND / EXCESS WIND FROST COLD WET WEATHER

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from federal crop insurance data. Original analysis by Environmental Working Group (2023), using USDA Risk Management Agency data, 2001-2021. www.ewg.org/research/ewg-intensifying-climate-crisis-hotter-southwest-spurs-rising-heat-related-crop-insurance

U.S. WEATHER FATALITIES 529 46 47 37 29 35 32 74 85 73 71 65 59

273

438 149 103 114 78 47 27

14 15 20 52 68 47

While Other Weather Hazards Stay Flat, Heat Fatalities Have Nearly Tripled in a Decade

BY HAZARD TYPE, 2014–2024

Lightning Tornado

Flood Hurricane Heat

2024

5-YEAR AVG (2020–2024)

Cold

Winter

Wind

10-YEAR AVG (2015–2024)

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from weather fatality statistics. Original analysis by NOAA National Weather Service, Weather Fatality, Injury and Damage Statistics (2024). www.weather.gov/media/hazstat/80year_2024.pdf

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Manufactured and Mobile Homes Are Overrepresented in Indoor Heat Deaths

SHARE OF HOUSING STOCK VS. SHARE OF INDOOR HEAT-RELATED DEATHS, MARICOPA COUNTY, 2025

22.5%

5.0% SHARE OF MARICOPA CO. HOUSING STOCK

SHARE OF INDOOR HEAT DEATHS, 2025

NOTE: Manufactured/mobile homes and RV/trailers accounted for 23% of Maricopa County's indoor heat deaths in 2025, versus 5% of its housing stock. CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from county mortality data. Original analysis by Maricopa County Department of Public Health, 2025 Heat-Related Deaths Report (April 2026). www.maricopa.gov/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/6510

White and Hispanic Residents Account for the Most HeatRelated Deaths in Maricopa County

HEAT-RELATED DEATH DEMOGRAPHICS, MARICOPA COUNTY, 2025 WHITE (NON-HISPANIC)

230

100 BLACK/AFRICAN AMERICAN (NON-HISPANIC) 52 AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVE (NON-HISPANIC) 37 ASIAN OR PACIFIC ISLANDER (NON-HISPANIC) 10 UNKNOWN/OTHER/REFUSED 1 HISPANIC/LATINO

CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from county mortality data. Original analysis by Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Informatics, 2025 Heat-Related Deaths Report (April 2026). www.maricopa.gov/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/6510

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Extreme Heat Is Already Disrupting the School Day in Maricopa County

SHARE OF MARICOPA COUNTY ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS REPORTING HEAT-DISRUPTED RECESS, FALL 2023 93% 49%

ANY HEAT-RELATED RECESS DISRUPTION

4–6 WEEKS OF DISRUPTED RECESS

NOTE: Based on a survey of 61 Maricopa County elementary schools during the first quarter of the 2023-24 school year. CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from survey data. Original analysis by Poulos and Wilson, "Effect of Heat on Outdoor Recess in Arizona Elementary Schools," Preventing Chronic Disease (CDC), 2025. journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00333549251342205

Small, Rural Districts Bear the Highest Per-Student Cooling Costs in Arizona

COOLING EQUIPMENT COST PER STUDENT, 2025

WINDOW ROCK UNIFIED ROUND VALLEY UNIFIED BLUE RIDGE UNIFIED FLAGSTAFF UNIFIED WILLIAMS UNIFIED GANADO UNIFIED

$4,050 $3,942 $3,907 $3,567 $2,745 $2,340

NOTE: These districts saw days over 80°F roughly double since 1970, leaving little legacy cooling infrastructure. Window Rock and Ganado serve Navajo Nation communities. CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from school facilities data. Original analysis by the Center for Climate Integrity, "Hotter Days, Higher Costs" (September 2021). coolingcrisis.org/states/arizona

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Mesa Unified Faces the Highest Combined Cooling Cost of Any Maricopa District

MARICOPA COUNTY DISTRICTS WITH THE HIGHEST COMBINED COOLING COSTS, 2025 (IN MILLIONS) $6.32

MESA UNIFIED CHANDLER UNIFIED PARADISE VALLEY UNIFIED GILBERT UNIFIED DEER VALLEY UNIFIED WASHINGTON ELEMENTARY PEORIA UNIFIED SCOTTSDALE UNIFIED

$3.94 $3.25 $3.22 $2.81 $2.34 $2.32 $2.03

NOTE: “Combined” cost = projected 2025 cooling equipment (installation + upgrades) plus annual operations and maintenance; O&M recurs every year, equipment is a one-time cost, so the two are added here only to show total exposure, not an annual bill. CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from school facilities data. Original analysis by the Center for Climate Integrity, "Hotter Days, Higher Costs" (September 2021), full districtlevel dataset, filtered to Maricopa County districts coolingcrisis.org/states/arizona

In Some Maricopa Districts, Cooling Costs Exceed $130 per Student

MARICOPA COUNTY DISTRICTS — HIGHEST COMBINED COST PER AFFECTED STUDENT, 2025

SALT RIVER ELEMENTARY BALSZ ELEMENTARY TEMPE SCHOOL DIST. GILA BEND UNIFIED ISAAC ELEMENTARY FOWLER ELEMENTARY WASHINGTON ELEMENTARY WILSON ELEMENTARY

$138 $120 $110 $108 $105 $104 $103 $103

NOTE: “Combined” cost = projected 2025 cooling equipment (installation + upgrades) plus annual operations and maintenance; O&M recurs every year, equipment is a one-time cost, so the two are added here only to show total exposure, not an annual bill. CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from school facilities data. Original analysis by the Center for Climate Integrity, "Hotter Days, Higher Costs" (September 2021), full district-level dataset, filtered to Maricopa County districts coolingcrisis.org/states/arizona

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Arizona's Cooling Costs Are Surprisingly Low Compared to Neighboring States

ARIZONA'S SCHOOL COOLING CATCH-UP COST PER STUDENT IS AMONG THE LOWEST OF ITS BORDER STATES, 2025 $1,614.00 $1,411.00

COLORADO UTAH

$567.00 $149.00 $145.00

NEW MEXICO ARIZONA NEVADA

NOTE: “Combined” cost = 2025 cooling equipment (installation + upgrades) plus annual O&M, divided by total students statewide. Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico historically needed less school cooling infrastructure, so they face steeper catch-up costs as extreme heat spreads; Arizona and Nevada, long-time hot-climate states, already have more infrastructure in place. CITATION: Recreated by the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce from school facilities data. Original analysis by the Center for Climate Integrity, "Hotter Days, Higher Costs" (September 2021), full districtlevel dataset, filtered to Maricopa County districts coolingcrisis.org/states/arizona

Heat Deaths in Maricopa County Rose for Nearly a Decade, but Have Just Begun to Fall

HEAT-RELATED DEATHS IN MARICOPA COUNTY, 2015–2025 645 608 425

430

323 339 84

154 179 182

199

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 NOTE: Includes both heat-caused and heat-contributed deaths, per Maricopa County Department of Public Health classification. 2024 and 2025 mark the first two consecutive annual declines since the upward trend began. CITATION: Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology & Informatics, "2025 Heat-Related Deaths Report" (April 2026). www.maricopa.gov/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/6510

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Phoenix-Mesa Ranks 4th Worst in the Nation for Ozone Pollution

RANK

METRO AREA

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA Visalia, CA Bakersfield-Delano, CA Phoenix-Mesa, AZ Fresno-Hanford-Corcoran, CA Houston-Pasadena, TX San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA Denver-Aurora-Greeley, CO Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK El Centro, CA Las Vegas-Henderson, NV New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA Salt Lake City-Provo-Orem, UT-ID San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI

CITATION: American Lung Association, "State of the Air" 2026 report (data years 2022–2024), Most Polluted Cities by Ozone ranking. www.lung.org/research/sota/city-rankings/most-polluted-cities

Maricopa County's Ozone Days Rose From 48 to 58 Per Year

UNHEALTHY OZONE DAYS IN MARICOPA COUNTY HAVE RISEN ACROSS RECENT REPORTS

47.7

54.8

58.2

2022 (2020–22 Data) 2023 (2021–23 Data) 2024 (2022–24 Data)

NOTE: Each edition of the American Lung Association's “State of the Air” report uses a 3-year weighted average of ozone-specific unhealthy days, a different methodology than the EPA's daily all-pollutant AQI counts shown elsewhere in this deck — the two trends are not directly comparable. CITATION: American Lung Association, "State of the Air" reports, 2024–2026 editions (data years 2020–22, 2021–23, 2022–24), Maricopa County ozone-weighted average unhealthy days. www.lung.org/research/sota

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Short-term heat-induced lost labor productivity costs the U.S. approximately $100 billion annually — and these costs will only increase as climate change worsens

Without emissions reductions or sufficient heat adaptations, labor productivity losses may double to nearly $200 billion by 2030 and reach $500 billion by 2050.

The lowest-paid 20% of workers suffer five times as many heat-related injuries as the highest-paid 20%

In its own regulatory impact analysis of the proposed heat standard, federal OSHA estimated that savings to employers are projected to outweigh any implementation costs by $1.4 billion each year. SOURCE: Economic Policy Institute, "Extreme Heat is Deadly for Workers and Costly for the Economy: States Can't Afford to Wait to Pass Protective Heat Standards" (August 2025). www.epi.org/blog/extreme-heat-is-deadly-for-workers-and-costly-for-the-economy-states-cant-afford-to-wait-to-pass-protective-heat-standards/

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CHAPTER 6 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Environmental Quality Insights

Heat-Related Deaths by Year, United States

Weather Fatalities by Hazard Type, United States

Exposure to Excessive Natural Heat

Year 2024

5-Year Avg (2020-2024)

100

200

10-Year Avg (2015-2024)

Heat Flood 1000

Category

Hurricane

500

Rip Current Wind Tornado Cold Winter Lightning

2018

2020

2022

2024

300

400

500

Temperature Changes Through Time, United States Max Temperature

Avg. Temperature

Temperature (F)

2016

2018

2020

2022

Source: DATOS Total Access — Environmental Quality Dashboard

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CHAPTER 6 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Environmental Quality Insights

Heat-Related Deaths by Year

Annual Average Maximum Temperature, 2025

Maricopa County

Top 5 Arizona Counties

Yuma County

600

La Paz County

Maricopa County

Pinal County

Pima County

400

200

2015

2020

2025

Temperature (F)

Temperature Changes Through Time, Arizona Max Temperature

Avg. Temperature

Temperature (F)

2016

2018

2020

2022

Source: DATOS Total Access — Environmental Quality Dashboard

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POWERING ARIZONA’S FUTURE:

Clean Energy, Savings and Sustainability with SRP Tom Cooper, Future System Assets and Environmental Services, Salt River Project

BY TOM COOPER

Arizona continues to be a national leader in energy innovation, balancing rapid economic growth with a commitment to sustainability and affordability. For members of the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, understanding the evolving energy landscape is not only important for environmental stewardship, but it’s also a strategic business advantage. Salt River Project (SRP), a not-for-profit utility that has powered Arizona homes and industry for more than 120 years, is playing a central role in this effort through its expanding renewable energy portfolio, robust energy efficiency programs and meaningful 2035 Sustainability Goals.

EXPANDING CLEAN ENERGY RESOURCES

As Arizona continues to grow, SRP is working to more than double the capacity of its power system by 2035 while maintaining

Kyrene Generating Station Photos courtesy of SRP

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P O W E R I N G A R I Z O N A’ S F U T U R E : C L E A N E N E R G Y, S A V I N G S A N D S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y W I T H S R P

technologies such as long-duration battery storage, demand-side management programs and even advanced nuclear power. For Hispanic-owned businesses and entrepreneurs, these investments create the opportunity to participate in clean energy supply chains while benefiting from an energy system that is top tier in reliability.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY & CONSERVATION

While continuing to diversify its power generation resources, SRP emphasizes energy efficiency as one of the fastest, most costeffective ways to reduce energy use and lower operating costs for businesses. SRP’s helpful programs provide financial incentives and technical support to help companies adopt energy-saving technologies.

Brittlebush Solar Park

KEY OFFERINGS INCLUDE:

• Business Rebates: Financial incentives for upgrading to energy-efficient equipment, such as HVAC systems, LED lighting, refrigeration and industrial processes. • Custom Solutions: Programs for larger facilities or specialized operations, helping businesses identify and implement high-impact efficiency improvements. Sierra Estrella Energy Storage

• Energy Audits and Assessments: Tools that pinpoint inefficiencies and provide actionable recommendations.

reliability and affordability and making continued progress toward its sustainability goals. To achieve these goals, SRP continues to make significant investments to diversify Arizona’s energy mix.

• Online Savings Tools: Digital platforms that allow businesses to track energy usage, compare performance over time and identify cost-saving opportunities.

Currently, SRP’s clean energy portfolio includes solar, wind, geothermal, nuclear and hydropower resources. Large-scale solar facilities, often paired with battery storage and supported by flexible resources like natural gas, are a strong component of SRP’s strategy to provide reliable, affordable power even after sunset.

These programs are especially valuable for small and mid-sized businesses seeking to manage expenses while reinvesting in growth. By reducing energy consumption, companies can improve their bottom line while demonstrating environmental responsibility.

SRP’S 2035 SUSTAINABILITY GOALS

Strengthening grid resiliency and meeting peak demand will continue to be critical as Arizona experiences population growth and increased energy needs from a variety of business sectors. To address this growth, SRP is continuing to explore innovative

SRP’s 2035 Sustainability Goals provide a comprehensive roadmap for reducing environmental impact while supporting economic prosperity. 140

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P O W E R I N G A R I Z O N A’ S F U T U R E : C L E A N E N E R G Y, S A V I N G S A N D S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y W I T H S R P

KEY COMMITMENTS INCLUDE:

SRP also emphasizes community engagement. This includes outreach to diverse business communities and support for programs that make reliable, affordable and sustainable power accessible to all customers, regardless of size or industry.

• Reduce carbon emissions intensity from generation 82% by 2035 (from 2005 levels) and achieve net zero by 2050. • Achieve 5 billion gallons (~15,300 acre-feet) of water conservation by 2035.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR ARIZONA’S HISPANIC BUSINESS COMMUNITY

• Divert 75% of municipal solid waste from landfills by 2035.

As Arizona continues to grow, businesses can reduce costs through energy efficiency programs and align with sustainability trends that increasingly influence procurement and investment decisions. Moving forward, it’s critical to keep in mind that partnerships between utilities, business leaders and community organizations

• Invest in grid modernization and water stewardship. These goals are tied to maintaining reliability and affordability, ensuring that customers, including businesses, continue to receive dependable service during Arizona’s extreme weather conditions. 141

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P O W E R I N G A R I Z O N A’ S F U T U R E : C L E A N E N E R G Y, S A V I N G S A N D S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y W I T H S R P

are essential. By utilizing the available resources and building connections with SRP and other local partners, businesses can better position themselves from simply adapting to change to actively shaping it, all while contributing to a more resilient grid, a stronger local economy and a more prosperous future for the communities they serve.

utilities, where he provides executive oversight of new nuclear siting, permitting and technology evaluation while shaping the organization’s long term resource and infrastructure strategy.

RESOURCES SRP Headquarters

Tom Cooper, MBA, is an electric utility executive with more than two decades of experience spanning enterprise strategy, resource planning and large scale infrastructure development, with a current focus on nuclear generation and advanced energy systems. He currently serves as Senior Director of Future System Assets and Environmental Services at Salt River Project (SRP), one of the nation’s largest public power

1500 N. Mill Ave. Tempe, AZ 85288 (602) 236-5900 www.srpnet.com

NOTES

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HEALTHY LANDS, STRONG COMMUNITIES:

How Hispanic Leadership Is Shaping Arizona’s Conservation Future BY CAMILLA SIMON

Camilla Simon, HECHO Executive Director

Conservation is strongest when it reflects the experiences, stewardship values and economic realities of the communities most connected to the land and water. For many Hispanic communities across Arizona and the Southwest, these connections span generations through outdoor traditions, family histories, cultural practices, and a deep commitment to caring for public lands. Many organizations recognize the importance of representation, authentic voices and community engagement. The deeper

The HECHO team: (first row) Sol Sandoval, (l-r) Wade Axup, Max Jr. Metz, and Camilla Simon in Saguaro National Park, southern Arizona. Photos courtesy of HECHO

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H E A LT H Y L A N D S , S T R O N G C O M M U N I T I E S : H O W H I S P A N I C L E A D E R S H I P I S S H A P I N G A R I Z O N A ’ S C O N S E R V A T I O N F U T U R E

(l-r) HECHO Executive Director Camilla Simon and HCLC member, Coconino Supervisor Jeronimo Vazquez, with former CEQ Chair Brenda Mallory at the designation event for Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni — Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon.

(l-r) HECHO HCLC members Coconino Supervisor Jeronimo Vazquez and president at Suarez Forestry, LLC., Devon Suarez, along with HECHO Advisory Board Member Jose Witt during an advocacy trip to Washington, D.C.

opportunity is ensuring those voices are meaningfully connected to policy conversations and decisions. Since its founding in 2013, Hispanics Enjoying Camping, Hunting and the Outdoors (HECHO) has helped make that connection possible by building a strong platform for trusted Hispanic leaders to engage directly with federal decisionmakers in discussions about public lands, water, access, stewardship and conservation.

The Grand Canyon National Park and its surrounding public lands support a thriving outdoor recreation and tourism economy that depend on healthy ecosystems, reliable water sources, clean air and continued public access. In 2024, 4.9 million people visited the park, spending about $905 million in nearby communities. This spending supported 8,780 jobs, generated $393 million in labor income and resulted in $1.1 billion in economic output. These figures show that environmental quality is not just an ecological concern, it is critical for economic vitality and community wellbeing.

At the center of our work is the Hispanic Conservation Leadership Council (HCLC), the first-of-its-kind network that convenes Hispanic elected officials, business leaders, appointed officials and community advocates. These leaders are credible and knowledgeable messengers who can speak authentically about the intersection of conservation, community priorities and economic realities. Their perspectives are increasingly important as Arizona faces challenges that require both environmental stewardship, long-term resilience and economy prosperity.

The Dragon Bravo and White Sage Fires, which together burned more than 200,000 acres in 2025, underscored how vulnerable rural economies can be when environmental conditions deteriorate. The fires damaged critical natural and cultural resources, harmed wildlife habitat, disrupted transportation corridors and worsened air quality. The closure of the Grand Canyon’s North Rim for the remainder of the 2025 season resulted in significant tourism revenue losses, impacting businesses, workers and communities across the region.

Coconino County, home to iconic landscapes such as Grand Canyon National Park and Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni—Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument— offers a powerful example of how healthy lands support healthy communities, exemplifying how environmental quality and economic opportunity are deeply intertwined.

These impacts reinforce a simple but important reality: Healthy lands support healthy communities, and environmental quality, economic opportunity and community resilience are fundamentally linked. 144

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H E A LT H Y L A N D S , S T R O N G C O M M U N I T I E S : H O W H I S P A N I C L E A D E R S H I P I S S H A P I N G A R I Z O N A ’ S C O N S E R V A T I O N F U T U R E

HECHO Executive Director Camilla Simon at Chiricahua National Monument in Arizona.

HECHO and leaders within our HCLC network, including Coconino County supervisor and business owner Jeronimo Vasquez, as well as Devon Suarez, president at Suarez Forestry, LLC, have recognized this connection firsthand through their advocacy for proactive forest management and for the protection of the Grand Canyon region and the communities that depend on it. Their leadership reflects an understanding that conservation is not only about safeguarding places, but also about protecting the people, livelihoods and traditions connected to those places.

Learn more about us at HECHOOnline.org and follow us in social media @HECHOOnline. Camilla Simon is the executive director of HECHO, a conservation leader with 15 years of experience in land and water protection. Since 2014, she has grown HECHO into an established voice for conservation, engaging Hispanic leaders in advocacy efforts and impacting federal policy.

RESOURCES

As Arizona continues to grow, trusted local leadership will be more important than ever. By elevating Hispanic leaders and connecting conservation priorities to lived experience, HECHO helps ensure that community voices are heard and represented by leaders who truly understand the real-world impacts of decisions impacting our lands and waters, from economic opportunity and public health to cultural heritage and quality of life.

Learn more about us at HECHOOnline.org • Social Media: @HECHOOnline Contact: Camilla Simon, HECHO executive director by emailing info@hechoonline.org

Contact Camilla Simon, HECHO executive director by emailing info@hechoonline.org. 145

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EMERGING SUSTAINABILITY LEADERS:

Building Arizona’s Next Generation of Sustainability Professionals

Macie Lantrip, communications & programs director, Arizona Forward

BY MACIE LANTRIP

Arizona’s future depends on leaders who can navigate the complex challenges of water, energy, climate, economic development and community resilience. Developing that talent doesn’t happen by chance, it requires intentional investment, meaningful mentorship and opportunities to connect emerging professionals with industry leaders. That’s exactly what Arizona Forward’s Emerging Sustainability Leaders Program was created to do. For more than a decade, the Emerging Sustainability Leaders program has served as Arizona’s premier professional development program for early- and mid-career professionals committed to creating a more sustainable future. Through a nine-month cohort experience, participants gain a deeper understanding of Arizona’s most pressing environmental and economic issues while building the leadership skills, professional networks, and cross-sector relationships needed to make lasting impacts in their communities. The program brings together professionals from a wide range of industries, including government, nonprofit organizations, higher education, consulting, engineering, utilities, architecture, planning and private business. This diversity of perspectives creates a unique learning environment where participants collaborate across disciplines and develop a broader understanding of the interconnected challenges facing Arizona.

Emerging Sustainability Leaders participants visit Freeport-McMoRan's Morenci Mine to gain firsthand insight into Arizona's mining industry, natural resource management, and sustainable operations. Site visits like these connect classroom learning with real-world challenges and innovations. Photo courtesy of Arizona Forward

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EM ERGI NG SUSTAI NABI LITY LEADERS: BU I LDI NG ARIZONA’S N EXT GEN ERATION OF SUSTAI NABI LITY PROFESSIONALS

The 2025–2026 Emerging Sustainability Leaders cohort celebrates the completion of the nine-month leadership development program alongside Arizona Forward staff, program partners, and mentors. Photo by Jason Wise Photography

Throughout the program year, participants engage in interactive workshops, behind-the-scenes tours, and conversations with some of Arizona’s most respected leaders in sustainability, business and public policy. Topics include water stewardship, renewable energy, climate resilience, sustainable development, circular economy principles, environmental justice and collaborative leadership. More importantly, participants leave with practical tools they can immediately apply within their own organizations. The program is also committed to expanding access to sustainability leadership opportunities. Arizona’s future will be strongest when the leaders shaping it reflect the diversity of the communities they serve. Arizona Forward actively works to cultivate a cohort representing different backgrounds, industries, experiences and perspectives, helping ensure that the next generation of sustainability professionals is equipped to lead with collaboration, innovation and inclusion.

The Emerging Sustainability Leaders cohort tours Arizona Public Service (APS) headquarters to learn about Arizona's evolving energy landscape, grid reliability, and the role utilities play in advancing a sustainable future. Photo courtesy of Arizona Forward

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EM ERGI NG SUSTAI NABI LITY LEADERS: BU I LDI NG ARIZONA’S N EXT GEN ERATION OF SUSTAI NABI LITY PROFESSIONALS

Emerging Sustainability Leaders program helps ensure Arizona has the knowledgeable, connected and collaborative leaders needed to address today’s challenges while preparing for tomorrow’s opportunities. Arizona Forward is proud to continue fostering the next generation of sustainability leaders who will help build resilient communities, strengthen our economy and protect the natural resources that make Arizona a remarkable place to live and work. By Macie Lantrip is the communications & programs director of Arizona Forward. Arizona Forward President & CEO Lori Singleton addresses graduates during the Emerging Sustainability Leaders Graduation celebration, recognizing the next generation of sustainability leaders committed to shaping Arizona's future.

RESOURCES

Photo by Jason Wise Photography

Graduates of the program continue to make meaningful contributions across Arizona. Alumni have advanced into leadership positions within their organizations, launched innovative sustainability initiatives, served on nonprofit boards and remained actively engaged through Arizona Forward’s growing alumni network. Many continue mentoring future cohorts, creating a cycle of leadership development that strengthens Arizona’s sustainability community year after year.

Arizona Forward

602-240-2408 3800 N. Central Ave. Ste. 1030 Phoenix, AZ 85012

info@arizonaforward.org Socials • • •

As Arizona experiences continued population growth, economic expansion and increasing environmental challenges, investing in people is just as important as investing in infrastructure. The

IG: @arizonaforward FB: Arizona Forward IN: Arizona Forward

NOTES

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GROWING SAVINGS ONE TREE AT A TIME:

SRP Shade Tree Program™ Continues to Make an Impact BY TANYA HUGHES

In the Arizona desert, a well-placed shade tree can make all the difference. Through the SRP Shade Tree Program™, thousands of customers are discovering how a simple landscaping investment can deliver long-term energy savings while creating a greener, more beautiful community.

energy-saving benefits. Since launching in 2012, the initiative has helped more than 33,000 customers plant shade trees throughout the Valley, with nearly 6,000 trees distributed between May 2025 and April 2026 alone. The program focuses on one of the most effective natural ways to improve home energy efficiency. When planted on the east, west or south side of a home, shade trees help block direct sunlight from exterior walls and windows, reducing heat gain and easing the workload on air conditioning systems during Arizona's hottest months. As a result, customers can lower their energy use while making their homes more comfortable.

Offered in partnership with Trees Matter, the SRP Shade Tree Program provides residential electric customers with two free desert-adapted shade trees after attending a free educational workshop. The program teaches participants how to select, plant and care for trees in ways that maximize their environmental and

Drive-through pickup area at an SRP Shade Tree Program distribution event, with tree saplings prepared for customer collection. Photos courtesy of SRP

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GROWI NG SAVI NGS ON E TREE AT A TI M E: SRP SHADE TREE PROGRAM™ CONTI N U ES TO MAKE AN I M PACT

Desert willow saplings available for pickup at an SRP Shade Tree Program distribution event.

A customer discussing tree selection with an SRP Shade Tree Program volunteer at a shade tree distribution event.

A customer selecting a tree sapling at an SRP Shade Tree Program distribution event.

Mature shade trees providing a cooling canopy over a customer's home.

Beyond energy savings, the benefits of shade trees extend throughout the community. Trees help improve air quality, support local wildlife and enhance neighborhood landscapes. They can also contribute to increased property values and create cooler outdoor spaces for families to enjoy. The program's focus on desertadapted species ensures that participants receive trees well suited to Arizona's climate, providing meaningful environmental benefits while requiring relatively low water use.

species, proper planting locations and ongoing care requirements to help their trees thrive for years to come. The workshops, hosted by Trees Matter, are offered virtually and are available in both English and Spanish with closed captioning. Upon completing a workshop, customers receive information about their tree pickup date and location, where they can collect their two free tree saplings and begin transforming their yards into energy-saving landscapes.

Customers participating in the program can choose from six desert-friendly tree varieties: native mesquite, thornless mesquite, palo verde, willow acacia, desert willow and lilac chaste. During the workshop, participants learn about the characteristics of each

The SRP Shade Tree Program reflects the organization’s ongoing commitment to helping customers manage energy costs while investing in sustainable solutions that benefit the 150

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GROWI NG SAVI NGS ON E TREE AT A TI M E: SRP SHADE TREE PROGRAM™ CONTI N U ES TO MAKE AN I M PACT

broader community. By combining education, conservation and affordability, the program empowers customers to take simple actions today that can provide comfort, savings and environmental benefits for years to come.

RESOURCES SRP Headquarters

1500 N. Mill Ave. Tempe, AZ 85288 (602) 236-8888 — English (602) 236-1111 — Spanish

Whether you're looking to lower your cooling costs, improve your home's appeal or contribute to a greener Valley, the SRP Shade Tree Program offers an opportunity to make a lasting impact, one tree at a time.

Webpage: Free shade trees program and workshop

Social Media Handles: @srpconnect

Tanya strategist experience improve about the residential to reduce

UPCOMING EVENT SRP's final virtual shade tree workshop of 2026 has already taken place. However, SRP electric customers can still register for the final workshop of the year, an in-person event on October 17. To register, visit srp.net/shadetrees or contact Trees Matter directly at shadetree@treesmatter.org or (602) 325-1254.

Hughes is a senior activation at SRP with more than 18 years of helping customers save energy and comfort at home. She is passionate SRP Shade Tree Program and other initiatives that empower customers energy use.

Tanya Hughes, senior activation strategist, Salt River Project

NOTES

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State of Climate Action 2025 Systems Change Lab

10 years after the Paris Agreement was signed by 190 countries, the goal of limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, is at best, a mixed result, and at worst, heading in the wrong direction. SOURCE: State of Climate Action 2025

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STATE OF CLIMATE ACTION 2025

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Executive summary

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alfway through the middle of what the climate community has dubbed the “decisive

Highlights

decade,” urgency is fading, vested interests

in maintaining the status quo are playing defense

as strongly as ever, and complacency is on the rise

(Mishra 2024; García Santamaría et al. 2024; Ekberg et

• Ten years since the Paris Agreement was signed,

al. 2022). This past year saw a troubling backsliding of

this report card on climate action shows that global

action, precisely when the world needed it most. The

efforts across the highest-emitting sectors fall

international solidarity that led to the Paris Agreement

far short of what’s needed to limit warming to 1.5

a decade ago has weakened, with countries facing

degrees Celsius (°C).

roadblocks at the negotiating table that are stifling

progress when it’s more important than ever. In many

• While progress is heading in the right direction for

gas reserves, entrenched fossil fuel interests continue

track to achieve 2030 targets compatible with this

ambition and action (InfluenceMap 2025). Geopolitical

albeit still too slow, for 6 indicators and at well below

aid, and wealthy countries’ failure to meet existing

heading in the wrong direction entirely. Data are

most of the 45 indicators assessed, none are on

major economies, primarily those with large oil and

to exert powerful political influence, stymieing climate

temperature goal. The pace of change is promising,

tensions, trade wars, substantial cuts to development

the required speed for another 29. For 5, trends are

climate finance commitments have further eroded the

insufficient to evaluate the remaining 5.

• Several bright spots underscore that rapid change

foundation for global cooperation on climate change.

is possible. Private climate finance has increased

In a particularly notable development this year,

sharply, shifting from well off track to off track; solar is

the world’s second-largest emitter and largest

the fastest-growing power source ever; and nascent

historical emitter, the United States, has scaled

innovations like green hydrogen saw meaningful

back climate policies and programs, reduced the

one-year gains.

scope of environmental agencies, and discontinued

• Yet such positive changes have occurred alongside

long-standing investments in climate science and

far more troubling trends. For electric vehicle sales—

decarbonization measures (Lockman 2025; US EPA

2025). In January 2025, the United States announced

the only indicator previously on track—growth slowed,

Agreement (Perez and Waldholz 2025). At the same

reduce coal-fired power and deforestation remain

political leaders against environmental, social, and

even consistent year-on-year growth in renewables

its intention to once again withdraw from the Paris

such that progress is now off track for 2030. Efforts to

time, a growing global backlash among corporate and

well off track for multiple installments in a row. And

governance principles has prompted several leading

is not enough, as, with each passing year, the pace of change needed to get on track for 2030 increases.

corporations to retreat from their commitments, while

• An enormous acceleration in effort is needed

the Net Zero Banking Alliance has seen an exodus of

its members even though it has softened its targets by

across every sector. By 2030, for example, electricity

dropping 1.5°C-aligned lending requirements (Gayle

generated from unabated gas needs to be phased

2025; London Business School 2025; Segal 2025b).

out seven times faster, declines in deforestation need to accelerate ninefold, and growth in total climate

Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continue to

finance needs to increase four times faster.

climb, intensifying climatic changes and impacts

that are already more severe and widespread than

anticipated. To keep the Paris Agreement temperature limit within reach, GHG emissions should already be

peaking and starting a sharp decline (IPCC 2022b). But

they have instead increased by roughly 0.65 gigatonnes

triggering catastrophic coral bleaching across more

2000, reaching 56.6 GtCO2e in 2023 (Figure ES-1), with

Watch 2025). In the Arctic, winter sea ice cover fell to its

signs of slowing down (Crippa et al. 2024; IEA 2024h;

while Antarctica saw its summertime sea ice cover

have been the hottest on record, with 2024 the warmest

recordkeeping began (NOAA 2025). Elevated sea surface

all-time high (Cheng et al. 2025), with marine heatwaves

the wind speeds of every Atlantic hurricane in 2024

within multiple ocean basins (Dong et al. 2025) and

unprecedented fires scorched entire communities and

of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO2e) per year since

than 80 percent of the world’s reefs (NOAA Coral Reef

global CO2 emissions from fossil fuels showing no

lowest level ever observed in March 2025 (Riordon 2025),

Friedlingstein et al. 2025). Consequently, the past 10 years

simultaneously reach its second-lowest extent since

yet (WMO 2025a). Ocean heat content also reached an

temperatures also intensified hurricanes, increasing

unparalleled in severity, scale, and duration occurring

(Climate Central 2024; Gilford et al. 2024). And on land,

Executive summary | STATE OF CLIMATE ACTION 2025 | 2

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ecosystems (Granados et al. 2025; MacCarthy et al.

This year, Parties to the Paris Agreement have the

temperature rise superimposed on the warm phase

new NDCs that will determine the global emissions

2025; New York Times 2025), fueled by human-caused of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (Otto et al. 2024). These fires, alongside extreme heat and drought across the tropics, contributed to an unprecedented weakening

of the land sink in 2023 that, in turn, led to a significant rise in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 (Ke et al. 2024; Friedlingstein et al. 2025). Searing heatwaves

in China and India also spiked demand for cooling,

driving a surge in coal consumption (IEA 2025j). In fact,

chance to step up ambition further still and submit trajectory through 2035. As of September 30, 2025,

64 new NDCs, representing about 30 percent of global GHG emissions today, had been submitted (UNFCCC

Secretariat 2025). Yet these new national commitments

still fall far short of delivering emissions reductions at the scale and pace needed to limit warming to 1.5°C—even

if fully implemented, they leave a substantial emissions gap of 22-23 GtCO2e in 2035. In fact, these new NDCs2

about half of the growth in global energy-related CO2

would collectively reduce GHG emissions at most by

temperatures (IEA 2025e).

(UNEP 2025a).

emissions in 2024 can be attributed to record high

12% in 2030 and 20% in 2035, relative to today’s levels

These worsening climate impacts lay bare countries’

Far steeper and more rapid GHG emissions reductions

to combat the crisis, but that doesn’t necessarily

within reach. For the first time, 2024 saw global

collective failure to act at the pace and scale required mean that efforts are not underway. We continue to

see progress emerge in some governments, markets,

local communities, and boardrooms. (PwC 2025). Clean energy investments hit a new milestone, surpassing $2 trillion in 2024, approximately twice the investments in fossil fuels (IEA 2025i).1 The world had its largest-ever

increase in renewable energy generation in 2024 (Ember 2025), and the share of global electricity produced from

zero-carbon sources is now over 40 percent (Graham et al. 2025). China’s cumulative installed capacity of solar

energy, alone, surpassed 1 terawatt (TW) in June 2025, 10 times more than solar capacity in 2017 and 1,000 times more than solar capacity in 2010 (Shaw 2025; Ember

2025). Notably, 37 percent of companies strengthened

the ambition of their climate commitments, compared to only 16 percent that weakened them (PwC 2025).

are needed immediately to keep the Paris Agreement temperature rise reach 1.55°C for a full year, and, while this does not mean that the world has breached the

Paris Agreement temperature goal (WMO 2025b), there is increasing evidence that the world is fast approaching this limit (Cannon 2025; Bevacqua et al. 2025).3 With

many continuing to delay climate action, the prospect of avoiding low overshoot of 1.5°C is getting more and

more remote (Peters 2024; Bertram et al. 2024). Limiting warming to 1.5°C even with higher levels of overshoot entails unprecedented transformational change

across every sector, alongside large-scale carbon

removal (Gambhir et al. 2023). And, as this report shows, while rapid, nonlinear change is possible and already

underway in some sectors, the pace and scale of global progress continues to fall far short of what’s needed.

These developments demonstrate that change is

In spite of these grave challenges—and indeed,

faster than analysts had predicted (Bond et al. 2024).

achieving 1.5°C-aligned sectoral targets is all the

underway and, in some cases, occurring at rates much A decade ago, the Paris Agreement was adopted

with the shared goal of putting humanity on a more

sustainable path, not only averting climate impacts but also advancing energy security, safeguarding

ecosystem services, improving human health, and enhancing overall well-being. Although the global

emissions trajectory is far from being aligned with the Paris Agreement’s goals, some notable progress has

been achieved in the past decade (Box ES-1). Projections before the Paris Agreement indicated we would see

global average temperature rise increase by around 4°C by the end of the century (Rogelj and Rajamani 2025).

Today, current policies put the world on course for up to 2.8°C of warming, and projections fall to between 2.3°C

and 2.5°C if governments fully implement their nationally determined contributions (NDCs), with the lower end of

this range conditional on developing countries’ receipt of finance and support (UNEP 2025a).

precisely because collective efforts are so far behind— more vital (Rogelj and Rajamani 2025). Should warming exceed 1.5°C even temporarily, already devastating

impacts will only intensify, subjecting more and more people to increasingly frequent and severe storms,

even longer heatwaves and droughts, more extreme

precipitation and flooding, rapid sea level rise, and more. Overshooting this limit also increases the likelihood that

future impacts will compound one another, with multiple hazards battering communities at the same time

(IPCC 2022a). Every fraction of a degree matters when it comes to avoiding these increasingly catastrophic

impacts, and even if global temperature rise crosses the Paris Agreement’s limit, the world should still be

doing exactly what it needs to be doing today—rapidly

reducing GHG emissions and enhancing removals. The global, sector-specific targets outlined in this report

provide a comprehensive roadmap for doing just that across the highest-emitting sectors. Achieving these

targets is not only still technically feasible but also more important than ever.

Executive summary | STATE OF CLIMATE ACTION 2025 | 3

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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY It is in Parties’ interests to step up climate ambition

We still have a small window of time not to avoid

benefits, from curbing harmful air pollution and creating

ecosystems, but we must use it wisely and act with

all impacts but rather to limit harm to people and

and action to secure their tremendous and myriad

the urgency this moment demands. Considering the

new industries and jobs to bolstering food security and

alternative, the benefits of urgent climate action are

safeguarding both ecosystems and the irreplaceable,

impossible to overstate and the costs of inaction too

life-sustaining services they provide to humanity

high to quantify.

(OECD and UNDP 2025). We have also never had more

knowledge and tools about how to realize these benefits, and, indeed, the sectoral indicators and targets tracked

in this report paint a clear picture of the transformations that must occur to unlock them.

BOX ES-1 | Ten years after the Paris Agreement was signed, what progress has been made to

transform sectors?

Since more than 190 countries signed the Paris

global share of electricity generated from solar and

a net-zero future take off, with many changes underway

while the ratio of investment in low-carbon to fossil fuel

wind has more than tripled since 2015 (Ember 2025),

Agreement in 2015, the world has seen the transition to

energy supply more than doubled (Figure BES-1.1) (IEA

today that were unfathomable just 10 years ago. Electric

2025i). And some technologies that were merely ideas

vehicles, for example, accounted for less than 1 percent

or small pilot projects in 2015, such as green hydrogen

of light-duty vehicle sales in 2015. By 2024, that share

and direct air carbon capture and storage, are being

surged to roughly a quarter, and, in China, the world’s

tested, developed, and deployed around the world.

largest car market, electric vehicles account for almost half of all passenger car sales (IEA 2025k). Similarly, the

FIGURE BES-1.1 | Rapid growth in electric vehicle passenger car sales share, solar and wind generation share, and the ratio of investment in low-carbon to fossil-fuel energy supply since 2015

Share of electric vehicles in light-duty vehicle sales (%)

Share of solar and wind in electricity generation (%) 2024 data

2024 data

1.1:1

12 0.8

2015 data

0.6

1:2

2015 data

4.5

0.4

2015 data

0.2

0.68 2000

2024 data

1.2 1.0

Ratio of investment in low-carbon to fossil fuel energy supply

2004

2008

2012

2016

2020

2024

2000 2004

2008

2012

2016

2020

2024

0.0

2000 2004

2008

2012

2016

2020

2024

Sources: IEA 2025i, 2025k; Ember 2025.

Executive summary | STATE OF CLIMATE ACTION 2025 | 4

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BOX ES-1 | Ten years after the Paris Agreement was signed, what progress has been made to

transform sectors? (continued)

While such rapid changes warrant recognition, not

In the three years leading up to the Paris Agreement,a

have seen more modest, albeit still positive, changes in

hectares per year (Mha/yr) of forests. Deforestation

every sector has seen such momentous gains. Some

the 10 years following the Paris Agreement’s adoption.

the world permanently lost an average 7.6 million has not fallen since, b with the last three years

Since 2015, for instance, the carbon intensity of global

witnessing permanent forest losses occurring at an

number of kilometers of metro rails, light-rail train tracks,

Turubanova et al. 2018; Sims et al. 2025).c Meanwhile,

cement production improved by 7 percent, while the

and bus lanes in the world’s largest cities increased by 26 percent, growing from an average of 19 kilometers per 1 million inhabitants in 2015 to 24 kilometers per

1 million inhabitants in 2024. At the same time, some trends have not improved at all, or even worsened.

annual average rate of 8.3 Mha/yr (Hansen et al. 2013; public fossil fuel finance increased from an average of $1.1 trillion per yeara to $1.6 trillion per year,d such that a step-change in action is now needed to achieve the Paris Agreement.

Notes: a This trend is measured between 2013 and 2015. b The methods behind one of the data sources (Hansen et al. 2013) used to produce this estimate have changed over time, resulting in increased sensitivity in detecting tree cover loss in recent years. As a result, comparison of different time periods should be interpreted with caution, as methodological changes may contribute to increases in tree cover loss over time (Weisse and Potapov 2021). c This trend is measured between 2022 and 2024. d This trend is measured between 2021 and 2023.

About this report The State of Climate Action series provides the world’s most comprehensive roadmap for closing the global gap in climate action across key sectors to help limit

global warming to 1.5°C. Building on CAT 2020a, 2020b, 2023b, 2024a, 2024b; Lebling et al. 2020; Boehm et al.

2021, 2022, 2023; and Climate Analytics 2023, it translates the Paris Agreement’s temperature goal into global,

sector-specific targets primarily for 2030, 2035, and 2050 across power, buildings, industry, transport, forests and land, and food and agriculture. Together, these sectors

accounted for 86 percent of GHG emissions in 2023, with waste and upstream energy emissions like those from

fossil fuel extraction and petroleum refining comprising

the remaining 14 percent (Figure ES-1) (Crippa et al. 2024; IEA 2024h; Friedlingstein et al. 2025). Additionally, the

series includes targets and indicators to track progress made in scaling up technological carbon dioxide

removal (CDR) and climate finance, both of which are

urgently needed to limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C.

While this report’s scope is limited to mitigation, a similar effort is warranted for adaptation, though achieving

some targets featured in this series would also help build resilience to intensifying impacts.

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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY FIGURE ES-1 | Global net anthropogenic GHG emissions by sector in 2023

Agriculture 0.6

Buildings

Transport 0.3

6.6

Coal mining fugitive emissions 2.0 Oil and gas fugitive emissions 2.0

Industry 7.6

Electricity and heat

Petroleum refining 1.6

15.1

Other 0.4

Energy Nonresidential 1.1

Other 0.2 Rail 0.1 Inland shipping 0.2 Domestic aviation 0.4 International aviation 0.5

21.0

Waste 2.0

Residential 2.5

Global GHG Emissions

Buildings 3.6

56.6 GtCO2e

Transport 8.4

Agriculture, forestry, and other land 11.5uses 10.1

Industry 11.5

Road Transport 6.3

International shipping 0.7

Enteric fermentation 3.2

Managed soils and pastures 1.8

Fuel combustion 6.5

Industrial processes 5.1

Land use, land-use change, and forestry 3.6

Rice cultivation 1.0 Manure management 0.4 Biomass burning 0.1

Notes: GHG = greenhouse gas; GtCO2e = gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent emissions are calculated using global warming potentials with a 100-year time horizon from IPCC 2022b. Note that for agriculture, forestry, and other land uses (AFOLU), Crippa et al. 2024; IEA 2024h; and Friedlingstein et al. 2025 only consider non-CO2 emissions from agricultural production, which accounts for 89 percent of total methane (CH4) emissions from AFOLU and 96 percent of total nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from AFOLU (IPCC 2022b). Accordingly, these data exclude non-CO2 emissions from land use, land-use change, and forestry, such as N2O from drained peatlands or CH4 from fires set to permanently clear forests and grasslands. Also, sectors in gray are not covered in this report. Sources: Crippa et al. 2024; IEA 2024h; Friedlingstein et al. 2025.

This report also issues a global report card on

reach 1.5°C-aligned targets for the same year. With these

including those focused on delivering the sector-

much the pace of recent change needs to increase over

collective efforts to combat the climate crisis,

specific mitigation goals outlined in the Global

Stocktake (Box ES-2). To assess global progress for the majority of these climate action indicators, we use the most recent 5 years of data (or 10 years to account for high interannual variability in some indicators)

to project a linear trendline from the latest available

year of data to 2030 and then compare this extended

data, we calculate acceleration factors to quantify how this decade (Appendix A). Based on these acceleration factors, indicators fall into one of five categories of

progress: heading in the right direction and on track, heading in the right direction but off track, heading

in the right direction but well off track, heading in the wrong direction entirely, or insufficient data.

historical trendline to the rate of change required to

Executive summary | STATE OF CLIMATE ACTION 2025 | 6

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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY It is in Parties’ interests to step up climate ambition

We still have a small window of time not to avoid

benefits, from curbing harmful air pollution and creating

ecosystems, but we must use it wisely and act with

all impacts but rather to limit harm to people and

and action to secure their tremendous and myriad

the urgency this moment demands. Considering the

new industries and jobs to bolstering food security and

alternative, the benefits of urgent climate action are

safeguarding both ecosystems and the irreplaceable,

impossible to overstate and the costs of inaction too

life-sustaining services they provide to humanity

high to quantify.

(OECD and UNDP 2025). We have also never had more

knowledge and tools about how to realize these benefits, and, indeed, the sectoral indicators and targets tracked

in this report paint a clear picture of the transformations that must occur to unlock them.

BOX ES-1 | Ten years after the Paris Agreement was signed, what progress has been made to

transform sectors?

Since more than 190 countries signed the Paris

global share of electricity generated from solar and

a net-zero future take off, with many changes underway

while the ratio of investment in low-carbon to fossil fuel

wind has more than tripled since 2015 (Ember 2025),

Agreement in 2015, the world has seen the transition to

energy supply more than doubled (Figure BES-1.1) (IEA

today that were unfathomable just 10 years ago. Electric

2025i). And some technologies that were merely ideas

vehicles, for example, accounted for less than 1 percent

or small pilot projects in 2015, such as green hydrogen

of light-duty vehicle sales in 2015. By 2024, that share

and direct air carbon capture and storage, are being

surged to roughly a quarter, and, in China, the world’s

tested, developed, and deployed around the world.

largest car market, electric vehicles account for almost half of all passenger car sales (IEA 2025k). Similarly, the

FIGURE BES-1.1 | Rapid growth in electric vehicle passenger car sales share, solar and wind generation share, and the ratio of investment in low-carbon to fossil-fuel energy supply since 2015

Share of electric vehicles in light-duty vehicle sales (%)

Share of solar and wind in electricity generation (%) 2024 data

2024 data

1.1:1

12 0.8

2015 data

0.6

1:2

2015 data

4.5

0.4

2015 data

0.2

0.68 2000

2024 data

1.2 1.0

Ratio of investment in low-carbon to fossil fuel energy supply

2004

2008

2012

2016

2020

2024

2000 2004

2008

2012

2016

2020

2024

0.0

2000 2004

2008

2012

2016

2020

2024

Sources: IEA 2025i, 2025k; Ember 2025.

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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY loss falls within this category for the third installment

of affordable electric sports utility vehicles, which

al. 2013; Turubanova et al. 2018; Sims et al. 2025). Not

car sales. Consequently, annual growth rates in EVs’

account for three-quarters of the country’s passenger

in a row is particularly worrying (Box ES-3) (Hansen et

share of total light-duty vehicle sales fell to an average

only does deforestation, alone, account for just over

of roughly 20 percent in 2023 and 2024 compared to

10 percent of global GHG emissions (Crippa et al. 2024;

growth rates of more than 60 percent in each of the

IEA 2024h; Friedlingstein et al. 2025), but alongside

three previous years (IEA 2025k). So, while EVs are still

other forms of land-use change, it also poses among the most significant threats to biodiversity across

terrestrial ecosystems (Jaureguiberry et al. 2022). Equally concerning are sluggish efforts to phase out electricity

achieving meaningful gains in the global share of light-

duty vehicle sales, more recent progress is off track and falls short of what’s needed to help achieve the Paris Agreement temperature goal (Box ES-3).

generated from coal, the largest source of GHG

emissions in the power sector (Ember 2025). Lackluster

Getting on track for 2030 and staying on track for

declines in this indicator also stymie mitigation across

2035 will therefore require an enormous acceleration

buildings, industry, and transport that all, to varying

of efforts across every sector. The world must, for

degrees, rely on electrification and a fully decarbonized

example, do the following:

grid. The scale-up of total climate finance, particularly

• Phase out coal generation more than 10 times

from public sources, also remains well off track. Failure to mobilize sufficient funds similarly risks constraining

faster—equivalent to retiring nearly 360 average-sized

climate action across all sectors (CPI 2025c).

coal-fired power plants each year through the end of this decade.5 As countries continue to plan and

Most of today’s bright spots, while promising,

build out new coal-fired power plants, reducing coal

represent isolated instances of rapid change—a far

generation will only become more challenging.

cry from the systemwide transformations urgently

• Rapidly increase growth in solar and wind power.

needed to close the GHG emissions gap for 1.5°C.

Progress for another six indicators is heading in the

These technologies’ share of electricity generation

right direction at a promising, albeit still inadequate,

has risen by an average of 13 percent per year since

pace. Private climate finance, for example, increased

2020 (Ember 2025), but recent growth rates must

sharply from roughly $870 billion in 2022 to $1.3 trillion

more than double to 29 percent per year to get on

in 2023, with individual consumers, businesses, and

track for 2030.

institutional investors, particularly in China and

Western Europe, driving much of these recent gains

• Achieve a fivefold acceleration in the construction

rapidly, fueled by impressive growth across China, the

the world’s highest-emitting cities by building at

light-duty vehicles (IEA 2025k). But in 2024, momentum

light rail, metro rail, and bus rapid transit lanes, every

analysis from IEA (2025k), EV sales fell slightly across

• Reduce deforestation nine times faster. Current levels

of affordable and reliable public transit systems in

(CPI 2025c). Electric vehicle sales also continue to rise

world’s leading consumer and manufacturer of these

least 1,400 kilometers of new transit routes, including

stalled in two other major markets. According to recent

year through 2030.

Europe, following the rollback of supportive subsidies

are far too high–roughly equivalent to permanently

in countries like Germany and France, while in the

losing nearly 22 football (soccer) fields of forest every

United States, growth in EV sales decelerated due to a

minute in 2024.6

combination of factors like a relatively slow buildout of

• Lower consumption of beef, lamb, and goat meat

public charging infrastructure and limited availability

across high-consuming regions more than five times

faster, which will entail eating about 1.9 fewer servings per week in Australia and New Zealand, 1.3 fewer

servings per week in South America, and 1.2 fewer servings per week in North America by 2030.7

• Scale up technological CDR more than 10 times

faster—equivalent to building nine of the largest direct air capture facilities currently in development each month through the end of this decade. 8

• Increase global climate finance by nearly $1 trillion

each year through the end of this decade. This annual increase is roughly equal to two-thirds of public fossil fuel finance in 2023 (Gerasimchuk et al. 2024).

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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY FIGURE ES-2 | Assessment of global progress made toward 2030 targets L I K EL I H OO D O F FO L LOWI N G A N S -CU RV E

ACC EL ER AT I O N FACTO R a

N/A S-curve Likely These indicators track technology adoption directly. They are either following an S-curve or are likely to do so in the future. For those in early stages of an S-curve, a meaningful increase may not occur immediately. Our assessment relies on author judgment of multiple lines of evidence.

S-curve Unlikely

These indicators are not closely related to technology adoption so are unlikely to follow an S-curve. Our assessment of progress relies on acceleration factors—calculations of how much recent rates of change (as estimated by linear trendlines) need to accelerate to achieve the 2030 targets.

RIGHT DIRECTION, OFF TRACK

S-curve Possible

These indicators indirectly or partially track technology adoption so could experience non-linear change, although likely in a different form than an S-curve. Our assessment of progress relies on acceleration factors—calculations of how much recent rates of change (as estimated by linear trendlines) need to accelerate to achieve the 2030 targets. Change may occur faster than expected.

RIGHT DIRECTION, WELL OFF TRACK

Share of electric vehicles in light-duty vehicle sales (%)

Share of electric vehicles in the light-duty vehicle fleet (%)

2.5x

1.8x

Reforestation (total Mha)

GHG emissions intensity of manure management (gCO2e/1,000 kcal)

1.2x

GHG emissions intensity of soil fertilization (gCO2e/1,000 kcal)

GHG emissions intensity of rice cultivation (gCO2e/1,000 kcal)

1.6x

Ruminant meat productivity (kg/ha)

10x

Crop yields (t/ha)

Global private climate finance (trillion US$/yr)

Ruminant meat consumption in high-consuming regions (kcal/capita/day)

N/A

b,d

1.8x

GHG emissions intensity of agricultural production (gCO2e/1,000 kcal)

>10x RIGHT DIRECTION, WELL OFF TRACK

GHG emissions intensity of enteric fermentation (gCO2e/1,000 kcal)

Technological carbon dioxide removal (MtCO2/yr)

Global total climate finance (trillion US$/yr)

Share of zero-carbon sources in electricity generation (%)

Global public climate finance (trillion US$/yr)

Share of solar and wind in electricity generation (%)

>10x

Share of coal in electricity generation (%)

Share of unabated fossil gas in electricity generation (%)

>10x

Carbon intensity of electricity generation (gCO2/kWh)

Energy intensity of building operations (kWh/m 2)

U-turn needed

Carbon intensity of global steel production (kgCO2/t crude steel)

Carbon intensity of building operations (kgCO2/m2)

U-turn needed

Share of kilometers traveled by passenger cars (% of passenger-km)

Share of electricity in the industry sector's final energy demand (%)

U-turn needed

Carbon intensity of global cement production (kgCO2/t cement)

U-turn needed

N/A

Green hydrogen production (Mt)

U-turn needed

Number of kilometers of rapid transit per 1 million inhabitants (km/1M inhabitants)

N/A

b,d

Weighted average carbon price in jurisdictions with emissions pricing systems (2024 US$/tCO2e) Ratio of investment in low-carbon to fossil fuel energy supply

WRONG DIRECTION, U-TURN NEEDED

Mangrove loss (ha/yr) Share of food production lost (%)

Public fossil fuel finance (trillion US$/yr)

INSUFFICIENT DATA

N/A

Share of electric vehicles in bus sales (%)

N/A

Share of electric vehicles in medium- and heavy-duty commercial vehicle sales (%)

Ins. data

Retrofitting rate of buildings (%/yr)

N/A

Share of sustainable aviation fuels in global aviation fuel supply (%)

Ins. data

Share of new buildings that are zero-carbon in operation (%)

Share of zero-emissions fuels in maritime shipping fuel supply (%)

Ins. data

Peatland degradation (Mha/yr)

>10x

Share of fossil fuels in the transport sector's total energy consumption (%)

Ins. data

Peatland restoration (total Mha)

Deforestation (Mha/yr)

Ins. data

Food waste (kg/capita)

>10x

Mangrove restoration (total ha)

b,d

N/A

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FIGURE ES-2 | Assessment of global progress made toward 2030 targets (continued) Notes: gCO2e = grams of carbon dioxide equivalent; gCO2/kWh = grams of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour; ha = hectares; kcal = kilocalories; kcal/capita/day = kilocalories per capita per day; kg = kilograms; kg/ha = kilograms per hectare; kgCO2 /m2 = kilograms of carbon dioxide per square meter; kgCO2 /t = kilograms of carbon dioxide per tonne; km = kilometers; km/1M inhabitants=kilometers per 1 million inhabitants; kWh/m2 = kilowatthour per square meter; Mha = million hectares; Mha/yr = million hectares per year; Mt = million tonnes; MtCO2 = million tonnes of carbon dioxide; tCO2 = tonnes of carbon dioxide; tCO2e = tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent; t/ha = tonnes per hectare; yr = year. For more information on indicators’ definitions, deviations from our methodology to assess progress, and data limitations, see corresponding indicator figures in each section. a For acceleration factors between 1 and 2, we round to the 10th place (e.g., 1.2 times); for acceleration factors between 2 and 3, we round to the nearest half number (e.g., 2.5 times); for acceleration factors between 3 and 10, we round to the nearest whole number (e.g., 7 times); and for acceleration factors higher than 10, we note as >10. b For indicators categorized as S-curve likely, acceleration factors calculated using a linear trendline are not presented, as they would not accurately reflect an S-curve trajectory. The category of progress was determined based on author judgment, using multiple lines of evidence. See Appendix C and Boehm et al. 2025 for more information. c

The most recent year of data represents a concerning worsening relative to recent trends.

The most recent year of data represents a meaningful improvement relative to recent trends.

Sources: Authors’ analyses based on data sources listed in each section.

A handful of indicators experienced meaningful

trucks also experienced meaningful advances. Across

represent early signals of acceleration ahead. For

demand and incentivize investments will prove critical

advances in 2023 or 2024 that, if sustained, could

nine indicators, the most recent year of data available represents a notable improvement over the previous historical trend. The scale-up of relatively nascent

innovations like green hydrogen, technological CDR

approaches, and sustainable aviation fuels saw some of the greatest one-year gains, though current levels of adoption remain relatively low and are not yet

close to a mainstream breakthrough. More mature

technologies like electric passenger cars, buses, and

these indicators, additional measures to stimulate

to ensuring that these recent signs of acceleration

translate into longer-term momentum rather than a

temporary upswing. At the same time, immediate and

supportive actions could also help reverse one year of underperformance in efforts to increase total climate

finance, expand carbon pricing schemes, and reduce

methane emissions from enteric fermentation, which all saw a concerning worsening, relative to recent trends.

BOX ES-3 | What has changed since the State of Climate Action 2023? Since the last installment of this report series, four

substantially picking up the pace of change can

have experienced a course correction since

another year closer to 2030.

indicators’ statuses have changed. Electric buses Boehm et al. 2023, with global sales shifting from heading in the wrong direction to heading in the right direction, but well off track. Private climate finance also increased so substantially that its

progress advanced from well off track to off track. While such upgrades are promising, another

two indicators suffered setbacks. Beyond the

downgrade in electric passenger car sales from on track to off track, zero-carbon sources’ share

in electricity generation also fell from off track to

well off track. Globally, the share of solar and wind in electricity generation continues to grow rapidly

at roughly 13 percent per year (Ember 2025) and is the primary driver of recent increases in zerocarbon power sources. But maintaining these

historical growth rates won’t be enough to get on track. This underscores a critical reality across

many sectors—each year an indicator sustains rather than accelerates progress, the gap

between climate action today and climate action

needed by the end of this decade widens. Only by

the world make up for delayed efforts and moving While most indicators’ overall statuses have not

shifted since Boehm et al. 2023, many have seen

progress accelerate or decelerate marginally. Of all indicators that were included in both reports and have sufficient data, approximately a third

had acceleration factors that improved such that required rates of future change are now lower.

Boehm et al. (2023), for example, found that global efforts to decarbonize global cement production had stagnated, with progress needing to occur more than 10 times faster. But in recent years,

cement’s carbon intensity has begun to decline thanks to alternative fuels, substituting clinker

with other materials, and increased efficiency.

Now, getting on track for 2030 entails a fourfold acceleration. However, for another quarter of these indicators, progress has occurred too

slowly, which means that future changes must

occur even faster to keep 1.5°C-aligned targets

within reach. See Appendix D for a more in-depth comparison of results across reports.

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Arizona Climate Summary 2025 Arizona State Climate Office

The Arizona Climate Office’s 2025 summary of Arizona’s climate conditions details significant weather events across the state. SOURCE: Arizona Climate Summary 2025

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^ƵŵŵĂƌǇ ŽĨ ĐŽŶĚŝƚŝŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ϮϬϮϱ WƵďůŝƐŚĞĚ &ĞďƌƵĂƌǇ ϱ͕ ϮϬϮϲ

ϮϬϮϱ ŶŶƵĂů ^ƵŵŵĂƌǇ

:ĂŶƵĂƌǇ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ Ă ƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŽĨ Ϭ͘Ϭϵ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϱƚŚ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ :ĂŶƵĂƌǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ :ĂŶƵĂƌǇ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϮϬϭϰ͘ 'ƌĞĞŶůĞĞ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƌĂŶŬĞĚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϯƌĚ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ :ĂŶƵĂƌǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͕ ƉĂĐŚĞ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƚŝĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ϭϵϳϮ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϯƌĚ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ :ĂŶƵĂƌǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͕ ĂŶĚ EĂǀĂũŽ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƚŝĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ϮϬϭϭ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϰƚŚ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ :ĂŶƵĂƌǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ EŽ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ǁĂƐ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚ ŝŶ zƵŵĂ ŽƵŶƚǇ͕ ůĞĂĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŵ ƚŽ ƚŝĞ ǁŝƚŚ ϮϬϮϮ ĂŶĚ ϵ ŽƚŚĞƌ ǇĞĂƌƐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ :ĂŶƵĂƌǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ ǁŝŶƚĞƌ ƐƚŽƌŵ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ ƌĂŝŶ ĂŶĚ ŵŽƵŶƚĂŝŶ ƐŶŽǁ ƚŽ ƐŽŵĞ ĂƌĞĂƐ ĨƌŽŵ :ĂŶƵĂƌǇ ϮϳͲϯϬ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĞŶĚĞĚ Whoenix’s dry streak oĨ ϭϱϵ ĚĂǇƐ ;ŽŶĞ ĚĂǇ ƐŚŽƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ŽĨ ϭϲϬ ĚĂǇƐ ƐĞƚ ŝŶ ϭϵϳϮͿ͘ &ĞďƌƵĂƌǇ ƌĂŶŬĞĚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ &ĞďƌƵĂƌǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ǁŝƚŚ WŝŵĂ ŽƵŶƚǇ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ &ĞďƌƵĂƌǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ĂŶĚ WŝŶĂů ŽƵŶƚǇ ƚǇŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ϮϬϭϱ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ &ĞďƌƵĂƌǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ KƚŚĞƌ ůŽĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ &ĞďƌƵĂƌǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ŽƌŽŶĂĚŽ EĂƚŝŽŶĂů DĞŵŽƌŝĂů͕ EĂƚƵƌĂů ƌŝĚŐĞ ^ƚĂƚĞ WĂƌŬ͕ WŝĐĂĐŚŽ͕ ^ŚŽǁ >Žǁ͕ ĂŶĚ tŝůůŝĂŵƐ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ WŚŽĞŶŝǆ ƚŝĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ϭϵϵϭ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ &ĞďƌƵĂƌǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ KŶ &ĞďƌƵĂƌǇ ϯ͕ dƵĐƐŽŶ ƌĞĂĐŚĞĚ Ă ŚŝŐŚ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ϴϲΣ&͕ ƚǇŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ƐĞƚ ŝŶ ϭϵϮϱ ĂŶĚ ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĨŝƌƐƚ ƚŝŵĞ ƚŚŝƐ ǇĞĂƌ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ ƌĞĂĐŚĞĚ Ă ŚŝŐŚ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ĂďŽǀĞ ϴϱΣ&͘ dŚĞ ůĂƐƚ ƚŝŵĞ ƚŚŝƐ ŚĂƉƉĞŶĞĚ ŝŶ dƵĐƐŽŶ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĨŝƌƐƚ ǁĞĞŬ ŽĨ &ĞďƌƵĂƌǇ ǁĂƐ ŝŶ ϮϬϬϯ͕ ĂŶĚ ďĞĨŽƌĞ ƚŚĂƚ͕ ŝƚ ŽĐĐƵƌƌĞĚ ƚǁŽ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƚŝŵĞƐ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϭϴϵϱ ;ϭϵϲϯ ĂŶĚ ϭϵϮϱͿ͘ KŶ &ĞďƌƵĂƌǇ Ϯϰ͕ &ůĂŐƐƚĂĨĨ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ ϲϲΣ&͕ ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĨŝƌƐƚ ƚŝŵĞ ƚŚŝƐ ǇĞĂƌ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ ĞǆĐĞĞĚĞĚ Ă ŚŝŐŚ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ϲϱΣ&͘ dŚĞ ůĂƐƚ ƚŝŵĞ &ůĂŐƐƚĂĨĨ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ ϲϲΣ& ŝŶ Ă &ĞďƌƵĂƌǇ ǁĂƐ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϱ͘ KŶ &ĞďƌƵĂƌǇ Ϯϱ͕ WŚŽĞŶŝǆ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚ ϵϬΣ& ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĨŝƌƐƚ ƚŝŵĞ ƚŚŝƐ ǇĞĂƌ͘ dŚĞ ůĂƐƚ ƚŝŵĞ WŚŽĞŶŝǆ ƌĞĂĐŚĞĚ Žƌ ĞǆĐĞĞĚĞĚ ϵϬΣ& ŝŶ Ă &ĞďƌƵĂƌǇ ǁĂƐ ŽŶ &ĞďƌƵĂƌǇ ϭϳ͕ ϮϬϭϲ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĞĂƌůŝĞƐƚ ŽĐĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ WƌŝŽƌ ƚŽ ƚŚĂƚ ǇĞĂƌ͕ ŝƚ ŚĂƉƉĞŶĞĚ ƚŚƌĞĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƚŝŵĞƐ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϭϴϵϱ ;ϭϵϴϲ͕ ϭϵϮϭ͕ ĂŶĚ ϭϵϬϰͿ͘ DĂƌĐŚ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ ĂďŽǀĞ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ŵŽƐƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ͕ ǁŝƚŚ 'ŝůĂ͕ 'ƌĂŚĂŵ͕ WŝŵĂ͕ WŝŶĂů͕ ĂŶĚ ^ĂŶƚĂ ƌƵǌ ĐŽƵŶƚŝĞƐ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ DĂƌĐŚ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϮϬϭϴ͘ ^ƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞ͕ ƌŝǌŽŶĂ ƚŝĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ϭϵϵϬ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϯϭƐƚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ DĂƌĐŚ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ ^ĞǀĞƌĂů ƐƚŽƌŵ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ Ă ƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŽĨ Ϭ͘ϵϳ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ͕ ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϱϳƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ DĂƌĐŚ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ ĨĞǁ ůŽĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ŽǀĞƌ ƚǁŽ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ĞůůĞŵŽŶƚ ;Ϯ͘ϳϴ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ͕ ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϲƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ DĂƌĐŚ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͕ ƉĂĐŚĞ :ƵŶĐƚŝŽŶ ;Ϯ͘Ϭϰ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ͕ ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϭϬƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ DĂƌĐŚ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂƌĞĨƌĞĞ ;Ϯ͘ϰϴ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ͕ ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϭϯƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ DĂƌĐŚ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͘ Ɖƌŝů ŚĂĚ ƐĞǀĞƌĂů ůŽǁ ƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ƚŚĂƚ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ Ă ƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŽĨ Ϭ͘ϯϰ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ůĞĂĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĂŶ ĂŶŽŵĂůǇ ŽĨ Ϭ͘ϭϵ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ďĞůŽǁ ƚŚĞ ϭϴϵϱͲϮϬϮϱ ŵĞĂŶ ŽĨ Ϭ͘ϱϯ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ͘ ĞůůĞŵŽŶƚ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϴƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ Ɖƌŝů ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ;ϭ͘ϭϵ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶͿ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ EĂǀĂũŽ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƐĂǁ ƚŚĞŝƌ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ Ɖƌŝů ƐŝŶĐĞ ϮϬϬϱ ;Ϭ͘ϳϵ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶͿ͘ KŶ Ɖƌŝů ϭϭ͕ dƵĐƐŽŶ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚ ϭϬϭΣ& ;ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ϵϵΣ& ŝŶ ϮϬϮϯͿ͕ ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĨŝƌƐƚ ƚŝŵĞ ƚŚŝƐ ǇĞĂƌ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ ƌĞĂĐŚĞĚ Ă ŚŝŐŚ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ϭϬϬΣ&н͘ dŚŝƐ ǁĂƐ 37 days before the climatological normal date of May 18. This also set a new record for Tucson’s earliest ϭϬϬΣ&н ŽĐĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞ ;ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ Ɖƌŝů ϭϵ͕ ϭϵϴϵͿ͘ DĂǇ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ ĂďŽǀĞ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ƚŽ ǁĞƐƚĞƌŶ ĐŽƵŶƚŝĞƐ͕ ǁŝƚŚ >Ă WĂǌ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƌĞĐĞŝǀŝŶŐ ϱϮϵй ŽĨ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ DĂǇ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϱƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ DĂǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ DĂǇ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϮϬϭϱͿ͕ DŽŚĂǀĞ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƌĞĐĞŝǀŝŶŐ ϯϲϭй ŽĨ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ DĂǇ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϮŶĚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ DĂǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ DĂǇ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϮϬϭϵͿ͕ ĂŶĚ zĂǀĂƉĂŝ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƌ͘ ƌŝŶĂŶŶĞ ^ĂĨĨĞůů͕ ƌŝǌŽŶĂ ^ƚĂƚĞ ůŝŵĂƚŽůŽŐŝƐƚ tƌŝƚƚĞŶ ďǇ :ƵůŝĂŶĂ >ŝŬŽƵƌŝŶŽƵ͕ ƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ ^ƚĂƚĞ ůŝŵĂƚŽůŽŐŝƐƚ ŚƚƚƉ͗ͬͬĂǌĐůŝŵĂƚĞ͘ĂƐƵ͘ĞĚƵ

Ξ ϮϬϮϲ ƌŝǌŽŶĂ ^ƚĂƚĞ ůŝŵĂƚĞ KĨĨŝĐĞ

165

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

EXCERPT

ƌĞĐĞŝǀŝŶŐ Ϯϯϵй ŽĨ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ DĂǇ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƚǇŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ϮϬϭϲ ĂŶĚ ϮϬϬϵ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϭϭƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ DĂǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͘ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƌĂŶŬĞĚ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƚŽƉ ϭϬ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ DĂǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ WŝĐĂĐŚŽ ;Ϭ͘ϯϭ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϳ ƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ DĂǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ ĂŶĚ ĞůůĞŵŽŶƚ ;Ϭ͘ϴϰ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϵƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ DĂǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͘ ^ƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞ͕ ƌŝǌŽŶĂ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ Ϭ͘ϰϮ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϯϴƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ DĂǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ :ƵŶĞ ŚĂĚ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ŵŽŝƐƚƵƌĞ ĨƌŽŵ ƌĞŵŶĂŶƚƐ ŽĨ dƌŽƉŝĐĂů ^ƚŽƌŵ ůǀŝŶ ĂůŽŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ĨĞǁ ǁĞĂƚŚĞƌ ĚŝƐƚƵƌďĂŶĐĞƐ͕ ďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐ Ă ƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŽĨ Ϭ͘ϱϱ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƚǇŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ϭϵϴϴ ĂŶĚ ϭϵϲϳ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϮϬƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ :ƵŶĞ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͘ zƵŵĂ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ϱϱϬй ŽĨ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ :ƵŶĞ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƚǇŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ϭϵϭϮ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϰƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ :ƵŶĞ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ĂŶĚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ :ƵŶĞ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϮϬϭϱͿ͕ >Ă WĂǌ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ϱϮϱй ŽĨ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ :ƵŶĞ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƚǇŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ϭϵϭϰ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϮŶĚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ :ƵŶĞ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ĂŶĚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ :ƵŶĞ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϭϵϭϴͿ͕ ĂŶĚ DĂƌŝĐŽƉĂ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ϰϬϬй ŽĨ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ :ƵŶĞ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƚǇŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ϮϬϭϱ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϰ ƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ :ƵŶĞ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ĂŶĚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ :ƵŶĞ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϮϬϭϱͿ͘ KŶ :ƵŶĞ ϯ͕ ŚĞĂǀǇ ƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵ ƌĂŝŶĨĂůů ůĞĚ ƚŽ Ă ĨůĂƐŚ ĨůŽŽĚ ŝŶ <ĂŶĂď ƌĞĞŬ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ůĞǀĞůƐ ƌŽƐĞ ŽǀĞƌ ϲ ĨĞĞƚ ;h^'^ ƐƚƌĞĂŵ ŐĂƵŐĞͿ͘ dƌŝďĂů ŽĨĨŝĐŝĂůƐ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ sŝůůĂŐĞ ŽĨ ^ƵƉĂŝ ǁĞƌĞ ĂĨĨĞĐƚĞĚ ďǇ ĨůĂƐŚ ĨůŽŽĚŝŶŐ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ƚƌĂŝůƐ ĂůŽŶŐ ,ĂǀĂƐƵ ƌĞĞŬ ǁĞƌĞ ĨůŽŽĚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉĂƐƐĂďůĞ͕ ůĞĂǀŝŶŐ ŚŝŬĞƌƐ ƐƚƌĂŶĚĞĚ͘ :ƵůǇ ďĞŐĂŶ ǁŝƚŚ ŵŽŶƐŽŽŶĂů ĂĐƚŝǀŝƚǇ͖ ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ĂŶ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŽĨ Ϭ͘ϴϯ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϭϰ ƚŚ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ :ƵůǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ zƵŵĂ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƚŝĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ϭϵϵϯ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϯƌĚ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ :ƵůǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ DĂƌŝĐŽƉĂ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƚŝĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ϭϵϵϳ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϳƚŚ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ :ƵůǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ ĂƐƚ DĞƐĂ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ Ϭ͘ϭϰ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϮŶĚ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ :ƵůǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͕ ĞůůĞŵŽŶƚ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ Ϭ͘ϳϵ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƚǇŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ϮϬϮϬ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϮŶĚ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ :ƵůǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͕ ƉĂĐŚĞ :ƵŶĐƚŝŽŶ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ Ϭ͘Ϭϰ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƚǇŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ϭϵϵϳ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϯƌĚ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ :ƵůǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͕ ĂŶĚ WĂƌĂĚŝƐĞ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ϭ͘ϴϯ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϲƚŚ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ :ƵůǇ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͘ ƵŐƵƐƚ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ ĂďŽǀĞ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐ ƚŽ ŵƵĐŚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ͕ ƚǇŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ϮϬϭϭ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ƵŐƵƐƚ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ KŶ ƵŐƵƐƚ ϳ͕ WŚŽĞŶŝǆ ƌĞĂĐŚĞĚ ϭϭϴΣ&͕ ďƌĞĂŬŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ŽĨ ϭϭϮΣ& ŝŶ ϮϬϭϮ ĂŶĚ ϭϵϬϱ͕ ƐĞƚƚŝŶŐ Ă ŶĞǁ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂůůͲ ƚŝŵĞ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ƵŐƵƐƚ ŚŝŐŚ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ;ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ϭϭϳΣ& ŽŶ ϴͬϮϴͬϮϬϮϯ͕ ϴͬϭϰͬϮϬϮϬ͕ ϴͬϭϰͬϮϬϭϱ͕ ĂŶĚ ϴͬϮϲͬϮϬϭϭͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ůĂƚĞƐƚ ĚĂƚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ ƌĞĂĐŚĞĚ ϭϭϴΣ& ;ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ϳͬϯϬͬϮϬϮϬͿ͘ dƵĐƐŽŶ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚ ϭϭϮΣ&͕ ďƌĞĂŬŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ŽĨ ϭϬϴΣ& ŝŶ ϭϵϵϱ͕ ƚǇŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂůůͲƚŝŵĞ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ƵŐƵƐƚ ŚŝŐŚ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ;ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐůǇ ŽĐĐƵƌƌĞĚ ŽŶ ϴͬϭͬϭϵϵϯͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ůĂƚĞƐƚ ĚĂƚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ ƌĞĂĐŚĞĚ ϭϭϮΣ& ;ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ϴͬϭͬϭϵϵϯͿ͘ KŶ ƵŐƵƐƚ Ϯϱ͕ Ă ƉŽǁĞƌĨƵů ŚĂďŽŽď ĨƌŽŵ WŝŶĂů ŽƵŶƚǇ ƐǁĞƉƚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ WŚŽĞŶŝǆ DĞƚƌŽ ĂƌĞĂ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ŵĂŶǇ ĂƌĞĂƐ ƌĞƉŽƌƚŝŶŐ ƌĞĚƵĐĞĚ ǀŝƐŝďŝůŝƚŝĞƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ǁĞƐƚ ŽĨ ĂƐƚ DĞƐĂ ;ϭϬϬ ĨĞĞƚͿ ĂŶĚ /ŶƚĞƌƐƚĂƚĞ ϭϬ ĂŶĚ tĂƌŶĞƌ ZŽĂĚ ;ǌĞƌŽ ǀŝƐŝďŝůŝƚǇͿ͘ ǁĞĂƚŚĞƌ ƐƚĂƚŝŽŶ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ^h dĞŵƉĞ ĐĂŵƉƵƐ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ Ă ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ůŽƐƐ ŽĨ ƐŽůĂƌ ƌĂĚŝĂƚŝŽŶ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĚĞŶƐĞ ĚƵƐƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽǀĞƌ ϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ ůŽƐƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉŽǁĞƌ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ŵŽƐƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŵ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ DĂƌŝĐŽƉĂ ŽƵŶƚǇ ;WŽǁĞƌKƵƚĂŐĞ͘ƵƐͿ͘ ůƚŚŽƵŐŚ ƌŝǌŽŶĂ ƐĂǁ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϭϭƚŚ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ ƵŐƵƐƚ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ;ϭ͘Ϭϭ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶͿ͕ zƵŵĂ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƚŝĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ϭϵϰϱ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϭϰƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ ƵŐƵƐƚ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ;ϭ͘ϴϭ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶͿ͘ ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌ ƚŝĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ϮϬϬϵ ĂŶĚ ϭϵϮϮ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϮϱƚŚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͕ ůĞĂĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĂŶ ĂŶŽŵĂůǇ ŽĨ ϭ͘ϳΣ& ĂďŽǀĞ ƚŚĞ ϭϴϵϱͲ ϮϬϮϱ ŵĞĂŶ ŽĨ ϳϮ͘ϰΣ&͘ ^ƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞ͕ ƌŝǌŽŶĂ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ĂŶ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŽĨ ϭ͘ϴϬ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ƚǇŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ϭϵϵϵ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ Ϯϰ ƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ zƵŵĂ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ϯϭϳй ŽĨ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƚǇŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ϭϵϳϭ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϴ ƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͕ ĂŶĚ >Ă WĂǌ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ϯϬϮй ŽĨ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϵ ƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ĂŶĚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϭϵϵϴͿ͘ &ƌŽŵ ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌ ϮϱͲϮϳ͕ Ă ůŽǁ ƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ ƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂŶƚ ĂŵŽƵŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ŵŽƐƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ͘ ĂƚĂƐƚƌŽƉŚŝĐ ĨůĂƐŚ ĨůŽŽĚŝŶŐ ŽĐĐƵƌƌĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ 'ůŽďĞͬDŝĂŵŝ ĂƌĞĂ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚƌĞĞ ĨĂƚĂůŝƚŝĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐ ƐǁŝĨƚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƌĞƐĐƵĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŚĞ WŚŽĞŶŝǆ DĞƚƌŽ ĂƌĞĂ ǁŝƚŚ ŽŶĞ ĨĂƚĂůŝƚǇ͘ KŶ September 27, a State of Emergency for Globe was declared by Mayor Al Gameros (Globe’s mayor), and an Arizona State of ŵĞƌŐĞŶĐǇ ǁĂƐ ĚĞĐůĂƌĞĚ ďǇ ƌŝǌŽŶĂ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŽƌ ,ŽďďƐ͘ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ƚŝĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ϭϵϵϭ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϮϬƚŚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƐŽŵĞ ĐŽƵŶƚŝĞƐ ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƚŽƉ ϭϬ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ KĐƚŽďĞƌ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƉĂĐŚĞ ŽƵŶƚǇ ;ƚŝĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ϮϬϭϱ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϳƚŚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͕ 'ƌĂŚĂŵ ŽƵŶƚǇ ;ƚŝĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ϭϵϴϴ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϴƚŚ ƌ͘ ƌŝŶĂŶŶĞ ^ĂĨĨĞůů͕ ƌŝǌŽŶĂ ^ƚĂƚĞ ůŝŵĂƚŽůŽŐŝƐƚ tƌŝƚƚĞŶ ďǇ :ƵůŝĂŶĂ >ŝŬŽƵƌŝŶŽƵ͕ ƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ ^ƚĂƚĞ ůŝŵĂƚŽůŽŐŝƐƚ ŚƚƚƉ͗ͬͬĂǌĐůŝŵĂƚĞ͘ĂƐƵ͘ĞĚƵ Ξ ϮϬϮϲ ƌŝǌŽŶĂ ^ƚĂƚĞ ůŝŵĂƚĞ KĨĨŝĐĞ

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

EXCERPT

ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͕ 'ƌĞĞŶůĞĞ ŽƵŶƚǇ ;ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϴƚŚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽĐŚŝƐĞ ŽƵŶƚǇ ;ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϵƚŚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͘ ƌŝǌŽŶĂ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚ ĂŶ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŽĨ ϭ͘ϱϵ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϮϬƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͕ ĂŶĚ WŚŽĞŶŝǆ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ ϯ͘Ϯϲ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ϱϴϮй ŽĨ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶͿ͕ ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϯƌĚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ &ƌŽŵ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ϵͲϭϯ͕ ŵŽŝƐƚƵƌĞ ĨƌŽŵ ƌĞŵŶĂŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƚƌŽƉŝĐĂů ƐƚŽƌŵƐ WƌŝƐĐŝůůĂ ĂŶĚ ZĂǇŵŽŶĚ ĨƵĞůĞĚ ƐƚŽƌŵƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ŵƵĐŚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ͘ ^ĞǀĞƌĂů ƐǁŝĨƚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƌĞƐĐƵĞƐ ŽĐĐƵƌƌĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ WŚŽĞŶŝǆ DĞƚƌŽ ĂƌĞĂ ǁŝƚŚ ŽŶĞ ĨĂƚĂůŝƚǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ 'ůŽďĞͬDŝĂŵŝ ĂƌĞĂ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĚ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ƌŽƵŶĚ ŽĨ ƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂŶƚ ĨůĂƐŚ ĨůŽŽĚŝŶŐ͘ ƐƵƉĞƌĐĞůů ƚŚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽƌŵ ĂĨĨĞĐƚĞĚ ŚĂŶĚůĞƌ͕ dĞŵƉĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ^ĐŽƚƚƐĚĂůĞ ŽŶ KĐƚŽďĞƌ ϭϯ͕ ďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐ ĚĂŵĂŐŝŶŐ ǁŝŶĚ ŐƵƐƚƐ ŽĨ ϴϬͲϵϬ ŵŝůĞƐ ƉĞƌ ŚŽƵƌ͘ >ĂƚĞƌ ƚŚĂƚ ĚĂǇ͕ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ƚŚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽƌŵ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ůŝŵĞͲƐŝǌĞĚ ŚĂŝů ;Ϯ͘ϬϬ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŝŶ ĚŝĂŵĞƚĞƌͿ ŶĞĂƌ ƉĂĐŚĞ :ƵŶĐƚŝŽŶ͘ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ƌĂŶŬĞĚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϰƚŚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ƉĂĐŚĞ͕ ŽĐŽŶŝŶŽ͕ ĂŶĚ EĂǀĂũŽ ĐŽƵŶƚŝĞƐ ĞĂĐŚ ŽďƐĞƌǀŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ Ŷ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŽĨ ϭ͘ϲϯ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ǁĂƐ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ ƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞ͕ ƚǇŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ϭϵϬϮ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϭϳƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ zƵŵĂ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ϰϱϬй ŽĨ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϰƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ĂŶĚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϭϵϲϵͿ͕ >Ă WĂǌ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ϰϭϬй ŽĨ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϰƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ĂŶĚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϭϵϴϱͿ͕ ĂŶĚ zĂǀĂƉĂŝ ŽƵŶƚǇ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ϯϭϯй ŽĨ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϳƚŚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ĂŶĚ ǁĞƚƚĞƐƚ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ƐŝŶĐĞ ϮϬϭϵͿ͘ &ƌŽŵ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ϭϳͲϮϬ͕ Ă ƐůŽǁͲŵŽǀŝŶŐ ůŽǁ ƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ ƐŚŽǁĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽƌŵƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ŵƵĐŚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ DĂƌŝĐŽƉĂ ŽƵŶƚǇ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƋƵĂƌƚĞƌͲƐŝǌĞĚ ;ϭ͘ϬϬ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŝŶ ĚŝĂŵĞƚĞƌͿ ƚŽ ŐŽůĨ ďĂůůͲƐŝǌĞĚ ;ϭ͘ϳϱ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŝŶ ĚŝĂŵĞƚĞƌͿ ŚĂŝů ǁĂƐ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ͘ ĨĞǁ ĂƌĞĂƐ ƐĂǁ ĂĐĐƵŵƵůĂƚŝŶŐ ŚĂŝů͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŶĞĂƌ dŽůůĞƐŽŶ ;ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂĨĨĞĐƚĞĚ Ă ƉŽƌƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ /ŶƚĞƌƐƚĂƚĞ ϭϬͿ ĂŶĚ ŚǁĂƚƵŬĞĞ ĂŶĚ dĞŵƉĞ ;ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂĨĨĞĐƚĞĚ Ă ƉŽƌƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ >ŽŽƉ ϮϬϮͿ͘ Ŷ &ͲϬ ƚŽƌŶĂĚŽ ǁĂƐ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚ ĂůŽŶŐ ,ŝŐŚǁĂǇ ϲϬ ŝŶ &ŽƌĞƉĂƵŐŚ ;ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŐƵŝůĂ ĂŶĚ tŝĐŬĞŶďƵƌŐͿ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĨůŝƉƉĞĚ ĂŶ Zs ƚƌĂŝůĞƌ ĂŶĚ ďůĞǁ Ă ƌŽŽĨ ŽĨĨ ŽĨ Ă ŐĂƌĂŐĞ͘ ĞĐĞŵďĞƌ ƌĂŶŬĞĚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ĞĐĞŵďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ dŚĞ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ǁĂƐ ϱϬ͘ϱΣ&͕ ůĞĂĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĂŶ ĂŶŽŵĂůǇ ŽĨ ϴ͘ϳΣ& ĂďŽǀĞ ƚŚĞ ϭϴϵϱͲϮϬϮϱ ŵĞĂŶ ŽĨ ϰϭ͘ϴΣ&͘ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂůƐŽ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ĞĐĞŵďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ WŚŽĞŶŝǆ͕ WƌĞƐĐŽƚƚ͕ ^ŚŽǁ >Žǁ͕ dŽŵďƐƚŽŶĞ͕ dƵĐƐŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ tŝŶƐůŽǁ͘ KŶ ĞĐĞŵďĞƌ ϭϭ͕ &ůĂŐƐƚĂĨĨ ƌĞĂĐŚĞĚ ϲϴΣ&͕ ƚǇŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ƐĞƚ ŝŶ ϭϵϱϬ͕ which is also the record for December’s allͲƚŝŵĞ ŚŝŐŚ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ͘ KŶ ĞĐĞŵďĞƌ ϮϮ͕ dƵĐƐŽŶ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚ ϴϱΣ&͕ ďƌĞĂŬŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ŽĨ ϴϮΣ& ƐĞƚ ŝn 1917 and tying the record for December’s allͲƚŝŵĞ ŚŝŐŚ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ;ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐ ĚĂƚĞƐ ϭϮͬϭͬϮϬϮϭ͕ ϭϮͬϴͬϭϵϯϵ͕ ϭϮͬϮϵͬϭϵϮϭ͕ ϭϮͬϮͬϭϵϭϭ͕ ĂŶĚ ϭϮͬϰͬϭϴϵϱͿ͘ ƌŝǌŽŶĂ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ Ă ƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŽĨ Ϭ͘ϰϯ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ͕ ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϯϳƚŚ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ ĞĐĞŵďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ ĂƐƚ DĞƐĂ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ Ϭ͘ϭϭ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϯƌĚ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ ĞĐĞŵďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͕ ^ŚŽǁ >Žǁ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ Ϭ͘ϭϭ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϲƚŚ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ ĞĐĞŵďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͕ ĂŶĚ WĂƌĂĚŝƐĞ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ Ϭ͘ϭϱ ŝŶĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ;ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ϳƚŚ ĚƌŝĞƐƚ ĞĐĞŵďĞƌ ŽŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚͿ͘

ĂƚĂ ĂƌĞ ƉƌĞůŝŵŝŶĂƌǇ ĂŶĚ ĂƌĞ ĨƌŽŵ EK ZĞŐŝŽŶĂů ůŝŵĂƚĞ ĞŶƚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ EĂƚŝŽŶĂů tĞĂƚŚĞƌ ^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ &ŽƌĞĐĂƐƚ KĨĨŝĐĞƐ ŝŶ &ůĂŐƐƚĂĨĨ͕ WŚŽĞŶŝǆ͕ dƵĐƐŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ >ĂƐ sĞŐĂƐ͘ EŽƚĞ͗ tĞĂƚŚĞƌ ƐƚĂƚŝŽŶƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ ŚĂǀĞ ĚŝĨĨĞƌĞŶƚ ƌĞƉŽƌƚŝŶŐ ƚŝŵĞƐ͘ KĨĨŝĐŝĂů ĚĂŝůǇ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞĐŝƉŝƚĂƚŝŽŶ ǀĂůƵĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ĂŝƌƉŽƌƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ŵŝĚŶŝŐŚƚ ƚŽ ŵŝĚŶŝŐŚƚ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ƐƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞ ŽďƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶƐ ĂƌĞ ƚĂŬĞŶ Ăƚ ǀĂƌǇŝŶŐ ƚŝŵĞƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĚĂǇ͘

ƌ͘ ƌŝŶĂŶŶĞ ^ĂĨĨĞůů͕ ƌŝǌŽŶĂ ^ƚĂƚĞ ůŝŵĂƚŽůŽŐŝƐƚ tƌŝƚƚĞŶ ďǇ :ƵůŝĂŶĂ >ŝŬŽƵƌŝŶŽƵ͕ ƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ ^ƚĂƚĞ ůŝŵĂƚŽůŽŐŝƐƚ ŚƚƚƉ͗ͬͬĂǌĐůŝŵĂƚĞ͘ĂƐƵ͘ĞĚƵ Ξ ϮϬϮϲ ƌŝǌŽŶĂ ^ƚĂƚĞ ůŝŵĂƚĞ KĨĨŝĐĞ

167

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EXCERPT

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ϮϬϮϱ ^ƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞ ǀĞƌĂŐĞ dĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐ ƉĞƌ ŽƵŶƚǇ

dŚĞ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ĨŽƌ ϮϬϮϱ ǁĂƐ ϲϮ͘ϵΣ&͕ ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ǇĞĂƌ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉĞƌŝŽĚ ŽĨ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ dŚĞ ϭϴϵϱͲϮϬϮϱ ŵĞĂŶ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ǁĂƐ ϱϵ͘ϴΣ&͕ ƌĞƐƵůƚŝŶŐ ŝŶ ĂŶ ĂŶŽŵĂůǇ ŽĨ нϯ͘ϭΣ&͘ ŽƵŶƚǇ

ǀĞƌĂŐĞ dĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ

ƉĂĐŚĞ ŽĐŚŝƐĞ ŽĐŽŶŝŶŽ 'ŝůĂ 'ƌĂŚĂŵ 'ƌĞĞŶůĞĞ >Ă WĂǌ DĂƌŝĐŽƉĂ DŽŚĂǀĞ EĂǀĂũŽ WŝŵĂ WŝŶĂů ^ĂŶƚĂ ƌƵǌ zĂǀĂƉĂŝ zƵŵĂ

ϱϮ͘ϴΣ& ϲϯ͘ϲΣ& ϱϱ͘ϰΣ& ϲϮ͘ϮΣ& ϲϯ͘ϳΣ& ϱϵ͘ϬΣ& ϳϯ͘ϳΣ& ϳϮ͘ϴΣ& ϲϱ͘ϭΣ& ϱϰ͘ϱΣ& ϳϬ͘ϱΣ& ϳϭ͘ϯΣ& ϲϯ͘ϯΣ& ϲϮ͘ϬΣ& ϳϰ͘ϯΣ&

ZĂŶŬ ;ϭϯϭ zĞĂƌƐͿ

ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ϯƌĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ϰƚŚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ϯƌĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ,ŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ϰƚŚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ WĞƌŝŽĚ ŽĨ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͗ ϭϴϵϱͲϮϬϮϱ

ŶŽŵĂůǇ

&ƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ϭϴϵϱͲϮϬϮϱ ŵĞĂŶ

нϮ͘ϳΣ& нϮ͘ϵΣ& нϯ͘ϮΣ& нϯ͘ϮΣ& нϯ͘ϭΣ& нϮ͘ϵΣ& нϯ͘ϬΣ& нϯ͘ϮΣ& нϯ͘ϯΣ& нϯ͘ϬΣ& нϯ͘ϲΣ& нϯ͘ϮΣ& нϯ͘ϭΣ& нϯ͘ϯΣ& нϮ͘ϵΣ&

ĂƚĂ ĂƌĞ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ EĂƚŝŽŶĂů ĞŶƚĞƌƐ ĨŽƌ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĂƌĞ ƉƌĞůŝŵŝŶĂƌǇ͘

ƌŝǌŽŶĂ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ^ƵŵŵĂƌǇ͕ ϮϬϮϱ ŶŶƵĂů ZĞƉŽƌƚ

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EXCERPT

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ϮϬϮϱ ^ƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞ DĂǆŝŵƵŵ dĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐ ƉĞƌ ŽƵŶƚǇ

dŚĞ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŵĂǆŝŵƵŵ ƐƚĂƚĞ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ĨŽƌ ϮϬϮϱ ǁĂƐ ϳϳ͘ϯΣ&͕ ƌĂŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϯƌĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ǇĞĂƌ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉĞƌŝŽĚ ŽĨ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ dŚĞ ϭϴϵϱͲϮϬϮϱ ŵĞĂŶ ŵĂǆŝŵƵŵ ƐƚĂƚĞ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ǁĂƐ ϳϯ͘ϵΣ&͕ ƌĞƐƵůƚŝŶŐ ŝŶ ĂŶ ĂŶŽŵĂůǇ ŽĨ нϯ͘ϰΣ&͘ ŽƵŶƚǇ

DĂǆŝŵƵŵ dĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ

ƉĂĐŚĞ ŽĐŚŝƐĞ ŽĐŽŶŝŶŽ 'ŝůĂ 'ƌĂŚĂŵ 'ƌĞĞŶůĞĞ >Ă WĂǌ DĂƌŝĐŽƉĂ DŽŚĂǀĞ EĂǀĂũŽ WŝŵĂ WŝŶĂů ^ĂŶƚĂ ƌƵǌ zĂǀĂƉĂŝ zƵŵĂ

ϲϴ͘ϰΣ& ϳϵ͘ϯΣ& ϳϬ͘ϬΣ& ϳϲ͘ϲΣ& ϳϳ͘ϲΣ& ϳϯ͘ϰΣ& ϴϳ͘ϬΣ& ϴϲ͘ϳΣ& ϳϳ͘ϯΣ& ϳϬ͘ϮΣ& ϴϱ͘ϯΣ& ϴϱ͘ϰΣ& ϳϵ͘ϬΣ& ϳϲ͘ϱΣ& ϴϴ͘ϵΣ&

ZĂŶŬ ;ϭϯϭ zĞĂƌƐͿ

,ŽƚƚĞƐƚ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ϭϬƚŚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ϯƌĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ϱƚŚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ϯƌĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ,ŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ϯƌĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ϱƚŚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ WĞƌŝŽĚ ŽĨ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͗ ϭϴϵϱͲϮϬϮϱ

ŶŽŵĂůǇ

&ƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ϭϴϵϱͲϮϬϮϱ ŵĞĂŶ

нϰ͘ϬΣ& нϯ͘ϲΣ& нϯ͘ϳΣ& нϯ͘ϵΣ& нϯ͘ϲΣ& нϯ͘ϴΣ& нϮ͘ϯΣ& нϮ͘ϵΣ& нϮ͘ϴΣ& нϰ͘ϮΣ& нϯ͘ϳΣ& нϯ͘ϰΣ& нϯ͘ϵΣ& нϯ͘ϰΣ& нϮ͘ϵΣ&

ĂƚĂ ĂƌĞ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ EĂƚŝŽŶĂů ĞŶƚĞƌƐ ĨŽƌ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĂƌĞ ƉƌĞůŝŵŝŶĂƌǇ͘

ƌŝǌŽŶĂ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ^ƵŵŵĂƌǇ͕ ϮϬϮϱ ŶŶƵĂů ZĞƉŽƌƚ

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EXCERPT

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ϮϬϮϱ ^ƚĂƚĞǁŝĚĞ DŝŶŝŵƵŵ dĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐ ƉĞƌ ŽƵŶƚǇ

dŚĞ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ ƐƚĂƚĞ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ĨŽƌ ϮϬϮϱ ǁĂƐ ϰϴ͘ϱΣ&͕ ƚǇŝŶŐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ǇĞĂƌ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉĞƌŝŽĚ ŽĨ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘ dŚĞ ϭϴϵϱͲϮϬϮϱ ŵĞĂŶ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵ ƐƚĂƚĞ ƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ǁĂƐ ϰϱ͘ϲΣ&͕ ƌĞƐƵůƚŝŶŐ ŝŶ ĂŶ ĂŶŽŵĂůǇ ŽĨ нϮ͘ϵΣ&͘ ŽƵŶƚǇ

DŝŶŝŵƵŵ dĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ

ƉĂĐŚĞ ŽĐŚŝƐĞ ŽĐŽŶŝŶŽ 'ŝůĂ 'ƌĂŚĂŵ 'ƌĞĞŶůĞĞ >Ă WĂǌ DĂƌŝĐŽƉĂ DŽŚĂǀĞ EĂǀĂũŽ WŝŵĂ WŝŶĂů ^ĂŶƚĂ ƌƵǌ zĂǀĂƉĂŝ zƵŵĂ

ϯϳ͘ϯΣ& ϰϴ͘ϬΣ& ϰϬ͘ϵΣ& ϰϳ͘ϴΣ& ϰϵ͘ϳΣ& ϰϰ͘ϱΣ& ϲϬ͘ϯΣ& ϱϴ͘ϵΣ& ϱϮ͘ϴΣ& ϯϴ͘ϵΣ& ϱϱ͘ϴΣ& ϱϳ͘ϭΣ& ϰϳ͘ϲΣ& ϰϳ͘ϰΣ& ϱϵ͘ϴΣ&

ZĂŶŬ ;ϭϯϭ zĞĂƌƐͿ

dŝĞĚ ϵƚŚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ϯƌĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ϯƌĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ϭϬƚŚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ϮŶĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ,ŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ϴƚŚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ,ŽƚƚĞƐƚ dŝĞĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ϯƌĚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ ,ŽƚƚĞƐƚ ϱƚŚ ŚŽƚƚĞƐƚ WĞƌŝŽĚ ŽĨ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ͗ ϭϴϵϱͲϮϬϮϱ

ŶŽŵĂůǇ

&ƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ϭϴϵϱͲϮϬϮϱ ŵĞĂŶ

нϭ͘ϲΣ& нϮ͘ϯΣ& нϮ͘ϵΣ& нϮ͘ϲΣ& нϮ͘ϱΣ& нϮ͘ϬΣ& нϯ͘ϱΣ& нϯ͘ϱΣ& нϯ͘ϳΣ& нϭ͘ϴΣ& нϯ͘ϲΣ& нϯ͘ϬΣ& нϮ͘ϮΣ& нϯ͘ϮΣ& нϯ͘ϭΣ&

ĂƚĂ ĂƌĞ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ EĂƚŝŽŶĂů ĞŶƚĞƌƐ ĨŽƌ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĂƌĞ ƉƌĞůŝŵŝŶĂƌǇ͘

ƌŝǌŽŶĂ ůŝŵĂƚĞ ^ƵŵŵĂƌǇ͕ ϮϬϮϱ ŶŶƵĂů ZĞƉŽƌƚ

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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

SPECIAL FEATURE

COURTESY OF

DATOS 2026 Environmental Quality Survey Results

Methodology and Demographics

WestGroup Research, an Arizona-based market research firm established in 1959, conducted a web survey with 448 Maricopa County residents via an online panel between May 12th and 27th, 2026. The sample includes 127 Hispanic residents and 321 non-Hispanic residents, which is representative of region. Demographics

Total (n=448)

Hispanic (n=127)

NonHispanic (n=321)

15%

31%*

Age Category 18-29

Total (n=448)

Hispanic (n=127)

NonHispanic (n=321)

Male

50%

46%

51%

Female

50%

54%

48%

Demographics

Gender

30-49

37%

40%

36%

50+

47%

28%

55%*

Income

Ethnicity

Less than $35,000

23%

32%*

20%

White

73%

43%

84%

$35,000–$54,999

21%

28%*

18%

Hispanic or Latino

25%

88%

<1%

$55,000–$74,999

16%

14%

17%

Black or African American

11%

$75,000+

40%

27%

46%*

Asian

Avg # of household members

2.83

3.57*

2.53

American Indian/Alaska Native

Multi-racial

*Represents a significantly higher percentage than the comparative sub-group at 95% confidence level.

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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

SPECIAL FEATURE

COURTESY OF

Respondent Demographics Demographics

Total (n=448)

Hispanic (n=127)

NonHispanic (n=321)

Education

Demographics

Total (n=448)

Hispanic (n=127)

NonHispanic (n=321)

Length of Time in Arizona

Some high school

<6 months

Graduated high school

23%

36%*

18%

6-11 months

Some college or technical training

34%

36%

33%

12-23 months

Graduated 4-year college

29%

17%

33%*

2-5 years

Post-graduate college

11%

13%*

6-10 years

10%

More than 10 years

78%

80%

78%

Language spoken at home

Primarily English

90%

65%

99%*

Age of Children at Home

Bilingual – Both English and Spanish Primarily Spanish Some other language

9% <1% <1%

33% 2% -

<6 years old 6-12 years old 13-17 years old

13% 18% 17%

22%* 25%* 24%*

9% 15% 15%

None of these categories

63%

45%

71%*

*Represents a significantly higher percentage than the comparative sub-group at a 95% confidence level.

Summary of Key Findings • Extreme heat is the top environmental concern for Arizona, reported among over half of Latinos (53%) and 46% of non-Latino Maricopa County residents. Looking nationally, Latinos and Valley residents overall view climate change as the leading concern (39%). • Environmental conditions are affecting health: 57% of Latinos say heat, pollution, or poor air quality negatively affect their or their family’s health often or very often, while significantly fewer non-Latinos are affected 40%. • •

Latinos believe Hispanic communities are disproportionately affected (43% vs 18%) by environmental conditions. Latinos consider environmental quality extremely important when deciding where to live, work, or raise a family (45% vs 25%).

• Water and shade are leading priorities for improvement: Latinos and non-Latinos agreed that water conservation and access (51% and 62%), more trees and shade (54% and 53%), and cleaner air (40% and 40%) emerge as the most desired improvements. • There is broad support for investment, but limited confidence in government effectiveness: 63% support increased public investment in environmental programs and infrastructure (68% Latinos/60% non-Latinos), while only 5% view state and local governments as very effective (6% Latinos/4% non-Latinos).

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Latinos perceive environmental conditions as significant personal or family health concerns. More than half of Latinos say heat, pollution, or poor air quality negatively affect their personal health or family’s health often or very often (57%), while significantly fewer non-Latinos feel negatively impacted (40%). 57%*

60% 50%

44%

Latinos are more than twice as likely to feel Hispanic communities are more negatively impacted by environmental problems than other communities. Hispanic

Non-Hispanic

43%* Yes

18% Yes

40%

40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Total

Hispanic

Non-Hispanic

% Very Often/Often How often do you feel that environmental conditions (such as heat, pollution, or poor air quality) negatively affect your health or your family’s health?

Do you believe Hispanic communities are more negatively affected by environmental problems than other communities?

Total n=448; Non-Hispanic n=321; Hispanic n=127 *Represents a significantly higher percentage than non-Latinos at a 95% confidence level 8

Environmental quality is substantially more important in life decisions for Hispanic residents. Eight in ten Latinos (81%) rate environmental quality as highly important when deciding where to live, work, or raise a family, with nearly half (45%) considering it extremely important. In comparison, only 25% of non-Hispanic residents feel environmental quality is extremely important, and just over two-thirds rate it as highly important (68% very/extremely).

Very or Extremely Important 81%* Hispanic 3% 2% 14%

36%

45%*

Very or Extremely Important 68%* Non3% 4% Hispanic

25%*

43%

Not important

Slightly important

Very important

Extremely important

25% Somewhat important

How important is environmental quality when deciding where to live, work, or raise a family?

Total n=448; Non-Hispanic n=321; Hispanic n=127 *Represents a significantly higher percentage than the comparative sub-group at a 95% confidence level

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Survey Results How would you rate the overall environmental quality (such as heat, pollution, or poor air quality) in your community? Rating Summary Total

Top-Two % 5%

24%

44%

20%

29% 10

Hispanic

22%

Non-Hispanic

19%

Poor

27%*

43%

Very poor

18%

45%

Fair

Good

26%

31%

Excellent

Total n=448; Non-Hispanic n=321; Hispanic n=127 *Represents a significantly higher percentage than the comparative sub-group at a 95% confidence level

Environmental Issue that is Most Concerning for Arizona

Most Concerning for Arizona 48% 46%

Extreme heat Water quality/access to water

18%

Air pollution

8% 7% 9%

Climate change

8% 8% 8%

Waste and litter

6% 5% 6%

Wildfires

5% 5% 6%

Other

53%

25% 28%*

Total Non-Hispanic

<1% <1%

Hispanic

Total n=448; Non-Hispanic n=321; Hispanic n=127 *Represents a significantly higher percentage than the comparative sub-group at a 95% confidence level

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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY COURTESY OF

Environmental Issue that is Most Concerning for United States Most Concerning for United States 39% 39% 39%

Climate change Air pollution

15% 15% 15%

Water quality/access to water

15% 16% 13% 12% 11%* 13%

Waste and litter

10% 11% 8%

Wildfires

6% 5%

Extreme heat

Total

Non-Hispanic

2% 2% 2%

Other

Hispanic

Total n=448; Non-Hispanic n=321; Hispanic n=127 Note: No statistically significant differences between Non-Hispanic and Hispanic.

How often do you feel that environmental conditions (such as heat, pollution, or poor air quality) negatively affect your health or your family’s health? Rating Summary

Total 2%

Non-Hispanic 2%

27%

39%

15%

Hispanic 1% 7%

25%

40%

18%*

Rarely

Sometimes

17%

24%*

33%

35%

Never

Top-Two %

Often

15%

44%

57%*

40%

Very often

Total n=448; Non-Hispanic n=321; Hispanic n=127 *Represents a significantly higher percentage than the comparative sub-group at a 95% confidence level

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SPECIAL FEATURE

COURTESY OF

Do you believe Hispanic communities are more negatively affected by environmental problems than other communities? “Yes” Summary Total

Non-Hispanic

25%

18%

Hispanic

43%*

Total n=448; Non-Hispanic n=321; Hispanic n=127 *Represents a significantly higher percentage than the comparative sub-group at a 95% confidence level

How concerned are you about extreme heat and drought conditions in Arizona? Rating Summary Total 2% 6%

Hispanic 1%4%

Non-Hispanic 2% 7%

Not concerned

35%

34%

23%

24%

Slightly concerned

33%

34%

Somewhat concerned

Very concerned

69%

75%

42%

33%

20%

Top-Two %

67%

Extremely concerned

Total n=448; Non-Hispanic n=321; Hispanic n=127 Note: No statistically significant differences between Non-Hispanic and Hispanic.

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SPECIAL FEATURE

COURTESY OF

In your opinion, how effective are local and state governments in addressing environmental quality issues? Rating Summary Total

12%

Hispanic

15%

Non-Hispanic

30%

25%

29%

25%

31%

25%

11%

Very ineffective

Somewhat ineffective

Neutral

Top-Two % 28%

33%

25%

31%

29%

33%

Somewhat effective

Very effective

Total n=448; Non-Hispanic n=321; Hispanic n=127 Note: No statistically significant differences between Non-Hispanic and Hispanic.

Which environmental improvements would most benefit your community? Up to three selections allowed

Most Beneficial Environmental Improvements 59% 62%* 51% 53% 53% 54%

Improved water conservation More trees and shade 40% 40% 40% 35% 35% 35%

Cleaner air Renewable energy investments Safer parks and green spaces Reduced industrial pollution Better public transportation More recycling programs

29% 27%

35%* 27% 25% 30% 25% 24% 29% 22% 21% 24%

Total Non-Hispanic Hispanic

Total n=448; Non-Hispanic n=321; Hispanic n=127 *Represents a significantly higher percentage than the comparative sub-group at a 95% confidence level

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COURTESY OF

How important is environmental quality when deciding where to live, work, or raise a family? Rating Summary Total 3%3%

22%

Hispanic 3%2%

41%

14%

Non-Hispanic 3% 4%

81%*

45%*

43%

Slightly important

72%

31%

36%

25%*

Not important

Top-Two %

25%

Somewhat important

Very important

68%

Extremely important

Total n=448; Non-Hispanic n=321; Hispanic n=127 *Represents a significantly higher percentage than the comparative sub-group at a 95% confidence level

Would you support increased investment in environmental programs and infrastructure, even if it required additional public funding? Rating Summary Total 3% 4%

30%

Hispanic 2% 1%

39%

29%

Non-Hispanic 3% 6%*

Strongly oppose

24%

39%

31%

29%

39%

Oppose

Neutral

Top-Two %

21%

Support

63%

68%

60%

Strongly support

Total n=448; Non-Hispanic n=321; Hispanic n=127 *Represents a significantly higher percentage than the comparative sub-group at a 95% confidence level

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SPECIAL FEATURE

COURTESY OF

Have you received any communications from Environmental advocacy groups? “Yes” Summary Total

Non-Hispanic

Hispanic

Total n=448; Non-Hispanic n=321; Hispanic n=127 Note: No statistically significant differences between Non-Hispanic and Hispanic.

What actions or policies do you believe would most improve environmental quality for Hispanic communities in Arizona and across the United States? Actions/Policies: Open-Ended Responses

Total n=448

Hispanic n=127

Non-Hispanic n=321

Water/access to clean water Green spaces/adding trees/grass The same policies as other communities Better air quality/cleaner air Awareness/educate the public Affordable housing Government funding/assistance Clean energy/renewable Food access/food banks Better public transportation/access Clean up garbage/environment Access to resources/programs (unspecified) Better economy/paying jobs Recycling Deport illegal immigrants/stricter laws Other

9% 9% 7% 6% 5% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 9%

5% 7% 6% 3% 5% 4% 7% 2% 6% 5% 6% 6% 6% 3% 1% 13%

11%* 10% 7% 7%* 6% 5% 4% 6% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3%* 7%

*Represents a significantly higher percentage than the comparative sub-group at a 95% confidence level

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ACCESS TO CARE

CHAPTER 7 ACCESS TO CARE INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD

182 183 185

Access to Care Insights

IN FOCUS

EXCERPT

AZ BLUE IN ACTION:

Building Healthier Communities Across Arizona BY PAUL PENZONE

Household Food Security in the United States in 2024

Before the Affordable Care Act was enacted, Latinos were the most likely group to be uninsured. After the law went into effect, the uninsured rate fell from a high of 32.7% in 2010 to 18% in 2022.

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ACCESS TO CARE

CHAPTER 7 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Access to Care Insights

Community Health Metrics DQS Death Rates Through Time

Health Categories

Deaths per 100,000 resident population

All 100K

 Gender

All

50K

 Race/Ethnicity

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

All



Total Heart Disease/Stroke Mortality by State (2023) TX

Data per 100,000 resident population

Mortality Type

All

VA NC

 Gender

TN KY

All

MS MO

 Race/Ethnicity

CA IL

All

OH AR MI LA 0M

Source: DATOS Interactive — Access to Care Dashboard

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

IN FOCUS

ACCESS TO CARE

AZ BLUE IN ACTION:

Building Healthier Communities Across Arizona BY PAUL PENZONE

At Blue Cross Blue Shield of Arizona (AZ Blue), we believe health starts long before someone walks into a doctor’s office. It begins in our neighborhoods, schools, workplaces and community centers. That belief is at the heart of AZ Blue in Action, our statewide boots-on-the-ground effort that brings together philanthropy, volunteerism, partnerships and healthcare resources to improve the well-being of Arizonans. As an Arizona-based nonprofit health plan serving more than 2 million members, AZ Blue is committed to addressing the factors that influence health beyond traditional care. Through AZ Blue in Action, we focus on issues that matter most to Arizona families, including food insecurity, mental health, workforce development, heat relief, and access to healthcare services. In 2025 alone, AZ Blue invested more than $6 million into communities across the state, supporting more than 220 organizations working to improve lives and create healthier futures. Our employees also contributed more than 14,000 volunteer hours in communities across all 15 Arizona counties. A key part of this work is our commitment to Arizona’s Latino community. Latino families represent a vibrant and essential part of Arizona’s culture, economy and future, and we are dedicated to ensuring they have access to the resources and support needed to thrive. Through community health fairs, food distribution events, no-cost health screenings, health education programs and partnerships with trusted local organizations, AZ Blue works to reduce barriers to care and bring services directly into the communities that need them most.

AZ Blue supported the Superior Food Bank to help provide essential food and resources to families in the community. Photos courtesy of Blue Cross Blue Shield of Arizona

across Arizona by reducing barriers to care and addressing the social factors that influence health outcomes. Through culturally responsive outreach, Spanish-language communications, community partnerships, and health education, AZ Blue Health Choice helps families access the information, preventive services, and resources they need to lead healthier lives.

Our Medicaid team, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Arizona Health Choice (AZ Blue Health Choice), plays a vital role in advancing health equity 183

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ACCESS TO CARE

A Z B L U E I N A C T I O N : B U I L D I N G H E A LT H I E R C O M M U N I T I E S A C R O S S A R I Z O N A

Whether assembling heat relief kits during Arizona’s hottest months, supporting local schools, investing in behavioral health resources, or connecting families with healthcare services, AZ Blue’s mission remains the same: to inspire health and make it easy. We are proud to stand alongside community partners, businesses and organizations that share our vision of a healthier Arizona. Together, we are creating lasting impact and strengthening communities across the state, including the many Hispanic and Latino communities that help make Arizona such a vibrant place to live and work. To learn more about AZ Blue’s community efforts, visit: www.azblue.com/azblueinaction.

AZ Blue employees came together to give back and support our community through hands-on volunteer service.

Paul Penzone is the VP Chief Community Relations Officer of Blue Cross Blue Shield of Arizona

AZ Blue Health Choice invests in programs that address food insecurity, housing stability, and homelessness. In 2025, the organization helped provide food assistance to more than 3,225 households across Arizona and has supported more than 2,000 households in 2026 so far. It also assembled 1,000 outreach kits for individuals experiencing homelessness and provides housing coordination and resource navigation services, reaching more than 400 members this year alone. Through these efforts, AZ Blue Health Choice is helping build healthier, stronger communities across Arizona, particularly among underserved and vulnerable populations.

RESOURCES Blue Cross Blue Shield of Arizona www.azblue.com • IG: @bcbsaz • IN: Blue Cross Blue Shield of Arizona

NOTES

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Household Food Security in the United States in 2024 Economic Research Service | U.S. Department of Agriculture

Before the Affordable Care Act was enacted, Latinos were the most likely group to be uninsured. After the law went into effect, the uninsured rate fell from a high of 32.7% in 2010 to 18% in 2022. SOURCE: Household Food Security in the United States in 2024| Economic Research Service

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June 7, 2024 HP-2024-12

Health Insurance Coverage and Access to Care Among Latino Americans: Recent Trends and Key Challenges* The uninsured rate for nonelderly Latinos decreased from 32.7 percent to 18.0 percent, from 2010 to 2022. However, Latinos are more than twice as likely to be uninsured as non-Latino Whites. KEY POINTS •

• • • •

• •

Latinos *, who were most likely to be uninsured when the ACA was enacted, experienced the largest percentage point decline in their uninsured rate immediately after the law’s coverage expansions went into effect: from 33 percent in 2010 to 21 percent in 2015. Over that period, the number of Latinos with health insurance coverage grew by 9.6 million. The uninsured rate for Latinos fell an additional 2.8 percentage points between 2015 and 2022, as the number of Latinos with health insurance coverage increased by 6 million. While the coverage gap between the Latino and the non-Latino White population was lower in 2022 than in 2010, Latinos are more than twice as likely as non-Latino Whites to be uninsured. Latinos have long been overrepresented in the uninsured population: In 2022, Latinos represented 21 percent of the total non-elderly population but accounted for 39 percent of the nonelderly uninsured population. The American Rescue Plan (ARP) and the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) significantly expanded and enhanced tax credits for purchasing health insurance through the ACA Marketplaces. This plus a major investment in Navigator funding, outreach and education led to an over 100 percent increase in Marketplace enrollment among Latinos from 2020 to 2023, with 3.4 million Latinos enrolled in Marketplace coverage 2023. Access to care and affordability also significantly improved for Latinos between 2010 and 2022. The share without a usual source of care fell from 24 to 14 percent and the share saying that they delayed care due to cost fell from 10 percent to 8 percent. While disparities in access to care among Latinos and non-Latino Whites remain, these gaps have narrowed since the passage of the ACA. In 2010, the percentage of Latinos without a usual source of care was nearly 11 percentage points higher than the corresponding rate for non-Latino Whites. By 2022, this gap had fallen to 5 percentage points.

*This Issue Brief was corrected on July 11, 2024 to correct Figure 2.

_______________________ * This brief uses the term “Latino” to refer to all individuals of Latino origin.

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Latinos are the largest racial or ethnic minority group in the United States and are projected to grow to 27.5% of the population by 2060. 1 The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines “Latino” as any person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. 2 According to data from the 2020 Decennial Census, there are more than 62 million Latinos living in the U.S. 3 In 2022, among Latino subgroups, Mexicans ranked as the largest at 59.1 percent, followed by Puerto Ricans (9.0 percent), Central Americans (9.0 percent), South Americans (6.9 percent), and Cubans (4.3 percent). States with the largest Latino populations were California, Texas, Florida, New York, Arizona, Illinois, New Jersey, Colorado, Georgia, and New Mexico. In a growing number of U.S. cities such as Miami, San Antonio, and Phoenix, Latinos are the majority population. 4 Latinos also are the youngest demographic group in the U.S. In 2022 approximately 28 percent of Latino Americans were under the age of 18 compared to 17 percent of non-Latino Whites. 5 Health outcomes among Latinos are affected by factors such as lack of health insurance, language and cultural barriers, and lack of access to care. Studies show that people without health insurance coverage are less likely to receive necessary preventive care and screening services, have less access to care, and experience worse health outcomes than those with health insurance coverage. 6,7,8 As of 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that the leading causes of death among Latinos include heart disease, cancer, COVID-19, unintentional injuries, stroke, and diabetes. 9 Latinos have long been overrepresented in the uninsured population. In 2010, one-third of nonelderly Latinos were uninsured, the highest rate among all race and ethnic groups. Latinos experienced the largest decline in uninsured rates among all racial and ethnic groups after the ACA, but they continued to have uninsured rates than all other race and ethnic groups except American Indian/Alaska Natives. In 2022, Latinos were 21 percent of the total non-elderly population but accounted for 39 percent of the nonelderly uninsured population. 10 Furthermore, among Latinos with Medicaid coverage, beneficiaries are disproportionally enrolled in a limited benefits package which does meet the minimum essential coverage standard under the Affordable Care Act. While Latinos represented 28% of all Medicaid/CHIP enrollees in 2020, they accounted for 37% of beneficiaries with limited benefits. 11 This Issue Brief is part of a series of ASPE Issue Briefs examining the change in coverage rates and access to care among select racial and ethnic populations after implementation of the ACA, the American Rescue Plan (ARP), and the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). It is an update to an ASPE brief released in 2021. 12 This brief uses federal survey data from 2010 to 2022 to analyze changes in health insurance coverage and access to and affordability of care among Latinos.

DATA SOURCES AND METHODS This Issue Brief presents data from several federal data sources. Estimates of insurance coverage estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS), the largest national survey of households, which is conducted by the Census Bureau. The Census Bureau surveys almost 300,000 households each month for the ACS and collects health insurance and demographic information, including race and ethnicity, along with other types of information. This brief used ACS data for selected years between 2010 and 2022 for population, health insurance coverage and demographic estimates. Individuals were defined as uninsured if they did not report having private health insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP, state-sponsored or other government-sponsored health plan, or military plan at the time of interview; respondents were also defined as uninsured if they only had Indian Health Service coverage. We assess trends in several self-reported measures of health care access for Latinos using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for selected years between 2010 and 2022. The measures we analyze June 2024

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are: not having a usual source of care, delaying medical care due to cost, worrying about medical bills, and delaying prescription refills to save money. In federal survey data, ethnicity (i.e., Latino origin) and race are two distinct categories. Origin is defined by the Census Bureau as ancestry, lineage, heritage, nationality group, or country of birth. Latino origin includes persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central American, South American, or Spanish origin. This brief uses the term “Latino” to refer to all individuals of Hispanic or Latino origin. Analyses using the ACS and the NHIS were weighted to reflect the noninstitutionalized population and to adjust for complex survey design.

RESULTS HEALTH COVERAGE The ACA expanded access to health coverage for millions of Americans through the Marketplace and Medicaid expansion to low-income adults. According to data from the ACS, between 2010 and 2015, the uninsured rate for all nonelderly Americans fell by 7 percentage points, from 18 to 11 percent. Latinos, who were most likely to be uninsured when the ACA was enacted experienced the largest percentage point decline in their uninsured rate after the law’s coverage expansions went into effect: from 32.7 percent in 2010 to 20.8 percent in 2015 (Figure 1). By 2020, the uninsured rate among non-elderly Latinos was 18.6 percent and continued to fall to 18 percent in 2022. Between 2010 and 2022, the number of Latino Americans with health insurance increased by 15.6 million. While progress in coverage has been made, the uninsured rate for Latinos remained substantially higher than the rate for all other groups in 2022 except American Indian/Alaska Natives. Figure 1. Uninsured Rate Among U.S. Population (Ages 0-64) by Race and Ethnicity, Select Years

Source: American Community Survey Public Use Microdata, 2010-2022. Notes: In this analysis, individuals were defined as uninsured if they did not have any private health insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), state-sponsored or other government plan, or military plan. Individuals were also defined as uninsured if they had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a private plan that paid for one type of service, such as accidents or dental care. Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian non-institutionalized population.

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Latino is defined as anyone who identified as Latino of any race. Non-Latino, American Indian or Alaskan Native is defined as anyone who identified as non-Latino American Indian or Alaska Native alone without any other race. Non-Latino, White is defined as anyone who identified as non-Latino White alone without any other race. Non-Latino, Black or African American is defined as anyone who identified as non-Latino Black or African American alone without any other race. Non-Latino, Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander is defined as anyone who identified as non-Latino Asian American or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander alone without another race. Results are ACS survey-weighted estimates. Due to pandemic-related survey collection concerns, the Census Bureau urges caution when comparing the experimental 2020 ACS dataset to previous years.

Figure 2 shows how sources of coverage among non-elderly Latinos have changed from 2010 to 2022. Coverage gains among Latinos result from increases in coverage from all sources. Medicaid/CHIP coverage grew by 4 percentage points. Direct-purchase coverage, which since 2014 includes Marketplace coverage, increased by 4 percentage points, an 80 percent increase relative to the 2010 baseline and employment-based coverage rose by 7 percentage points. Figure 2. Health Insurance Coverage Type Among Latino Population (Ages 0-64), 2010 and 2022 5.1%

Direct Purchase

9.1% 26.9%

Medicaid

31.4% 36.7%

Employment-Based

Uninsured

32.7%

18.0% 0%

10%

20% 2010

44.3%

30%

40%

50%

2022

Source: American Community Survey Public Use Microdata, 2010 and 2022. Notes: Private coverage includes employment-based, direct purchase and TRICARE. Public coverage includes Medicaid/CHIP, and VA coverage. Uninsured is classified as a respondent not having any health insurance coverage or only have Indian Health Service coverage at the time of interview.

Table 1 presents state-level estimates of the Latino uninsured rate in 2010 and 2022. The percent of Latinos who were uninsured fell in all but two states between these two years, though there is considerable variation in both the change and the rate in 2022. In nine states, one-quarter or more of the Latino population were uninsured in 2022. Medicaid is a critical source of coverage for Latinos. While Latinos were 19 percent of the population in 2020, they represented 28 percent of the population enrolled in Medicaid coverage. 13 Seven of these nine states had not implemented the ACA Medicaid expansion by 2022. The importance of the ACA Medicaid expansion is highlighted by comparing the two states with the largest Latino populations, California, an expansion state, and Texas, a non-expansion state. Between 2010 and 2022, the Latino uninsured rate fell by nearly twice as much in California (19 percentage points) compared to Texas (10 percentage points). According to a previous ASPE analysis, if the 10 remaining states expanded Medicaid, the number of Medicaid eligible uninsured Americans is projected to decrease by 19 percent, and according to the Urban Institute, the number of Latinos without health insurance would decrease by 16 percent. 14 15

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ACCESS TO CARE Table 1. Uninsured Latino Population (Ages 0-64), by State, Select Years State

Alabama

Number (2022)

234,662

Latino Share (2022)

2010 Uninsured Rate

2022 Uninsured Rate

5.6%

49.9%

25.0%

Percentage Point Change (2010 to 2022) -25.0

Alaska

Arizona

2,200,391

36.8%

29.6%

18.8%

-10.8

Arkansas

241,549

9.6%

37.6%

25.6%

-12.0

California

14,381,263

43.8%

30.7%

11.5%

-19.2

Colorado

1,214,155

24.7%

31.2%

15.1%

-16.2

Connecticut

609,162

20.6%

22.6%

12.1%

-10.5

Delaware

98,960

12.3%

24.1%

18.3%

-5.8

District of Columbia

73,511

12.6%

16.0%

5.3%

-10.7

Florida

5,248,387

30.1%

38.2%

19.0%

-19.2

Georgia

1,077,917

11.6%

48.7%

30.1%

-18.6

Hawaii

148,443

13.0%

8.5%

6.4%

-2.1

Idaho

246,836

15.3%

33.2%

18.1%

-15.1

Illinois

2,129,421

20.4%

29.0%

16.1%

-12.9

Indiana

505,730

8.9%

29.8%

14.7%

-15.1

Iowa

210,309

8.1%

29.4%

10.8%

-18.6

Kansas

360,928

14.9%

30.9%

21.3%

-9.6

Kentucky

180,559

4.8%

38.3%

19.8%

-18.5

Louisiana

240,240

6.3%

40.5%

28.6%

-11.9

Maine

Maryland

664,747

13.0%

35.4%

24.3%

-11.1

Massachusetts

847,863

14.8%

10.6%

5.0%

-5.6

Michigan

534,448

6.5%

23.6%

11.8%

-11.9

Minnesota

320,975

6.8%

25.9%

17.3%

-8.6

Mississippi

91,996

3.8%

49.4%

26.5%

-22.9

Missouri

276,521

5.5%

30.1%

19.2%

-10.9

Montana

47,283

5.3%

26.7%

6.9%

-19.8

Nebraska

229,585

14.0%

32.0%

19.4%

-12.6

Nevada

892,968

33.8%

36.9%

20.8%

-16.2

1,844,282

24.1%

31.7%

18.4%

-13.3

New Mexico

922,059

54.0%

25.7%

11.4%

-14.3

New York

3,438,948

21.3%

24.3%

10.6%

-13.7

North Carolina

1,066,465

12.1%

43.6%

28.3%

-15.4

North Dakota

New Hampshire New Jersey

Ohio

480,200

5.0%

26.8%

15.5%

-11.3

Oklahoma

464,220

13.8%

39.6%

24.3%

-15.3

Oregon

575,935

16.8%

34.5%

15.3%

-19.2

Pennsylvania

1,045,929

10.0%

22.5%

11.6%

-10.9

Rhode Island

179,198

20.2%

29.1%

8.5%

-20.6

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324,098

South Dakota

Tennessee

7.6%

46.8%

25.9%

-20.9

427,162

7.3%

41.8%

30.7%

-11.1

Texas

11,085,572

42.7%

38.8%

28.1%

-10.7

Utah

485,238

16.3%

38.9%

22.3%

-16.6

856,575

11.9%

33.8%

20.3%

-13.5

1,040,811

16.1%

30.6%

15.5%

-15.1

8.8%

29.4%

18.6%

-10.7

Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia

Wisconsin

423,773

Wyoming

Source: ASPE analysis of American Community Survey data. Note: Latino Share (2022) refers to the share of the state population that is Latino in 2022. **ACS population estimates of less than 65,000 are not shown.

SUBGROUP ANALYSIS Table 2 shows the uninsured rates among various subgroups of Latino Americans in selected years from 2010 to 2022. From 2010 to 2015 Latinos with incomes between 100 and 200 percent of FPL experienced the largest uninsured reduction-- 15 percentage points, from 41 percent to 26 percent – largely due to the implementation of the ACA’s Medicaid expansion for individuals with incomes up to 138 percent of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL) and advance payments of the premium tax credit (APTC) for the purchase of private insurance through the ACA Marketplaces. The uninsured rate for this group fell again between 2015 and 2022, in part because of the enhancement of Marketplace financial assistance as a result of the ARP. A recent ASPE report estimated that in 2021, more than 60 percent of consumers in this income range could select a zero dollar premium plan on the ACA Marketplaces and over 97 percent could select a plan with a premium of fifty dollars or less per month. 16 Furthermore, to help mitigate high unemployment and potential loss of health insurance coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Biden-Harris Administration opened a Special Enrollment Period (SEP) on HealthCare.gov, which may have also contributed to Marketplace coverage gains. Coverage increased more for adults than for children because income eligiblity thresholds for Medicaid were generally higher for children before the ACA. Among Latino adults, 19-25 year olds experienced the largest uninsured rate decline of 24 percentage points (from 52 percent to 28 percent). While many gained eligibility through the ACA Medicaid expansion, others could remain on their parents’ group health insurance plan as a result of the ACA dependent coverage mandate. Throughout the analysis period, there were substantial differences in coverage related to country of origin and English proficiency. Puerto Ricans were least likely to be uninsured and Latinos with roots in Central American were most likely to be uninsured. The small minority (4.4 percent) of Latinos who do not speak English are substantially more likely to be uninsured than the large majority (83.3 percent) who speak English well. This heterogeneity with respect to country of origin and language may be explained, at least in part, by citizenship and immigration status. For all three language proficiency groups, there is a similar pattern over time. The uninsured rate fell substantially between 2010 and 2015 and then by a smaller amount between 2015 and 2022.

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Table 2. Uninsured Rate Among Latino Population (Ages 0-64), by Select Characteristics, Select Years Share in 2022

2010

2015

2020

2022

Percentage of Poverty Level 0-100

16.1%

38.6%

26.2%

25.1%

23.4%

101-200

22.2%

41.1%

26.4%

24.2%

24.0%

201-400

34.0%

30.4%

19.4%

18.6%

>400

27.7%

13.7%

8.6%

9.5%

9.3%

0-18

34.0%

15.1%

8.1%

8.5%

8.1%

19-25

12.6%

51.7%

27.9%

22.8%

22.7%

26-34

14.9%

48.4%

33.4%

25.3%

25.0%

35-50

24.0%

40.9%

29.4%

26.9%

25.5%

51-64

14.5%

31.8%

19.0%

18.7%

17.7%

Central American

10.3%

43.3%

29.5%

26.1%

28.5%

Cuban

3.5%

29.8%

16.5%

14.8%

14.0%

Dominican

3.7%

22.9%

13.4%

12.3%

10.8%

Mexican

59.6%

35.2%

22.6%

20.4%

19.4%

Puerto Rican

9.2%

16.3%

9.9%

9.0%

8.0%

South American

7.1%

31.1%

17.6%

15.5%

14.9%

Does not speak English

4.4%

71.4%

55.3%

50.1%

53.8%

Yes, but not well

8.8%

60.5%

45.4%

40.0%

39.4%

Yes, well*

83.3%

28.3%

17.2%

16.4%

15.0%

Age Group

Latino Subgroups

English Proficiency

Source: American Community Survey Public Use Microdata. *Speaking well includes (only speaking English, speaking well, and speaking very well). Note: Share in 2022 refers to the share of Latinos in each subcategory in 2022.

ACCESS TO CARE Access to affordable, high quality, and timely health care may prevent onset of disease and help patients to avoid experiencing health complications of chronic conditions. 17 Health insurance coverage status is a critical facilitator of access to care. Having a usual source of care is associated with receipt of preventive health care and management of chronic diseases 18 and has been well documented to prevent emergency department visits and reduce unmet health needs. 19,20,21,22,23,24 However, even with health insurance, cost barriers can lead to delays in health care access associated with poorer health status. 25,26,27 In addition to expanding access to health insurance coverage, the ACA increased access to care by providing additional funding for community health centers, which serve patients with private health insurance and public health insurance such as Medicaid or Medicare, as well as patients without health insurance. Building on the ACA, the American Rescue Plan of 2021 awarded community health centers more than $6 billion to expand health centers’ operational capacity during the pandemic and beyond. Coinciding with these additional investments, the number of Latino patients seen in community health centers increased from 7.5 million to 8.1 million (8 percent) from 2020 to 2022 while the total number of patients increased by 4.7 percent. 2829 Table 3 reports several common measures of access to care and affordability for selected years from 2010 to 2022. The results suggest that the increased coverage documented in Figure 1 translated to improved access and affordability. From 2010-2022 the share of Latinos without a usual source of care fell by 10 percentage June 2024

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points from 24 to 14 percent. In 2010, the percentage of Latinos without a usual source of care was nearly 11 points higher than the corresponding rate for non-Latino Whites (data not shown). By 2022, this gap was 5 percentage points. There was also a statistically significant decline in the percentage reporting that they delayed seeking care due to cost—from 10.5 percent to 8.3 percent. There was a similar decline in the percentage saying they delayed filling prescriptions due to cost. Throughout the analysis period, a majority of nonelderly Latino adults said that they worried about medical bills. The percent saying this fell over time but remained quite high in 2022 at just under 64 percent, the highest rate of any racial or ethnic group. Table 3. Access to Care Trends for Latino Population (Ages 0-64), Select Years 2010

2015

2020

2022

No Usual Source of Care

23.6%

17.9%

12.0%

14.0%

Delayed Care Due to Cost

10.5%

7.2%

8.4%

8.3%

Worried About Medical Bills (18-64)*

69.2%

63.3%

66.9%

63.9%

Delayed Filling Prescriptions Due to Cost (18-64)*

10.4%

10.1%

11.3%

8.9%

Source: ASPE Analysis of NHIS Microdata. Notes: 1) Respondents are classified as worried about paying medical bills if they reported being very worried or somewhat worried about paying medical bills. 2) Respondents were only asked about delaying refilling prescription medications if they reported using prescriptions in the past 12 months. *Data on worrying about medical bills or delayed prescriptions available is from 2011, the earliest year available and is only consistently asked among those 18-64.

Disparities in Health Outcomes While significant progress has been made in reducing coverage and access to care disparities between Latinos and non-Latino Whites, there are persistent disparities in health outcomes. The leading causes of death among Latinos include heart disease, cancer, COVID-19, unintentional injuries, stroke, and diabetes. 30 Data from the CDC shows that the age-adjusted diabetes prevalence among Latinos is 1.6 times than the prevalence among non-Latino Whites in 2022, a slight improvement relative to 2010 when the rate was 1.7 times as high. 31 Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic had a disproportionate impact on Latinos relative to non-Latino Whites, which caused a sharper decline in average life expectancy since 2020. Between 2019 and 2020, life expectancy decreased by 3.0 years for the Latino population (81.8 to 78.8) and decreased by 1.2 years for the non-Latino White population (78.8 to 77.6). 32 Continued efforts to increase health insurance coverage and access to health care have the potential to stem these existing health inequities.

DISCUSSION Latinos are significantly more likely to be uninsured than other race and ethnicity groups in the US. After the coverage expansions of the ACA went into effect, the uninsured rate among Latinos fell substantially. The percentage of Latinos without health insurance fell again after the ARP and IRA enhanced and expanded tax credits for private insurance purchased through the ACA Marketplaces. From 2020-2022 the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services increased funding for Navigators’ outreach and educational activities, increased the focus on culturally responsive interventions through large increases in funding. 33 The larger subsidies plus the greater outreach are likely driving the number of Latinos to enroll in Marketplace coverage at rates that more than doubled between 2020 and 2023, with 3.4 million Latinos enrolled in Marketplace coverage in 2023. 34

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COMMUNITY SAFETY

CHAPTER 8 COMMUNITY SAFETY INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD

196 197

Community Safety Insights

EXCERPT

Crime Overview 2025 Arizona

Crime rates in 2025 were 12% lower than in 2024. 2025 saw the lowest crime rate of this decade.

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COMMUNITY SAFETY

CHAPTER 8 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Community Safety Insights

911 Caller Reason - Top 10

EMS Provider's Impression - Top 10

Sick Person

Weakness

Falls

Generalized abdominal pain

Breathing Problem

Acute pain, not elsewhere classified

Chest Pain (Non-Traumatic)

Chest pain, unspecified

Traffic/Transportation Incident

Injury NOS

Unconscious/Fainting/Near-Syncope

Altered mental status, unspecified

No Other Appropriate Choice

Encounter for general examination

Abdominal Pain/Problems

Asthenia NOS

Convulsions/Seizure

Fainting

Psychiatric Problem/Abnormal Beh…

Shortness of breath 0%

10%

15%

# of Crimes by Year, Arizona

Violent Crime Committed, Arizona 2025

280K 0K (2%) 260K

240K

220K

20K (98%) 2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

Aggravated Assault

Source: DATOS Interactive — Community Safety Dashboard

Source: DATOS Total Access — Community Safety Dashboard

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Homicide

EXCERPT

COMMUNITY SAFETY

Crime Overview 2025 Arizona

Data is collected from participating agencies on a monthly basis and all charts reflect data processed prior to the current day. The current year does not reflect a full 12 months of data and should not be compared to previous years. The data on this page is based on data reported in the legacy FBI format (known as "Summary"), which has some limitations. Since 2017, some agencies in the state have been reporting more detailed reports (known as "NIBRS"). As a result, the data may not reflect the data exactly as submitted by the agency. For exact reporting information, please contact the reporting agency.

Crime rates in 2025 were 12% lower than in 2024. 2025 saw the lowest crime rate of this decade. SOURCE: Crime Overview 2025 Arizona

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Crime Overview 2025 Arizona

Data is collected from participating agencies on a monthly basis and all charts re�ect data processed prior to the current day. The current year does not re�ect a full 12 months of data and should not be compared to previous years.

The data on this page is based on data reported in the legacy FBI format (known as "Summary"), which has some limitations. Since 2017, some agencies in the state have been reporting more detailed reports (known as "NIBRS"). As a result, the data may not re�ect the data exactly as submitted by the agency. For exact reporting information, please contact the reporting agency.

CRIME OVERVIEW The graphs in this theme are an overview of crime in the jurisdictions within the state of Arizona. Number of Crimes: 218,196 Clearance Rate: 32.74% Population: 7,631,234 Crime Rate (per 100,000): 2859.25

 -12.01% Compared to 2024

5-YEAR TREND Crime Overview

Number of Crimes

CRIMES AGAINST PERSON OFFENSES Crimes where victims are always individuals

Number of Actual Offenses

198

Total Offenses Cleared

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

EXCERPT

COMMUNITY SAFETY CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY OFFENSES The object of a crime against property is to obtain money, property or another bene�t

Number of Actual Offenses

Total Offenses Cleared

CRIMES AGAINST SOCIETY OFFENSES (THIS IS A NIBRS ONLY REPORT) Society Crimes represent Society’s prohibition against engaging in certain types of activity, they are typically victimless crimes in which property or persons are not the object

All Offenses

Offenses Cleared

ARRESTS

ARREST BREAKDOWN

An arrest is the taking or detaining in custody by authority of law.

This is a NIBRS report only

Number of Arrests: 159,794 Population: 7,631,234 Arrest Rate: 2093.95 per 100,000

 6.66% Compared to 2024

Group B

Crimes Against Society

Crimes Against Person

Crimes Against Property

ARREST JUVENILE/ADULT

Juvenile

199

Adult

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

EXCERPT

COMMUNITY SAFETY CRIMES AGAINST PERSON ARRESTS (THIS IS A NIBRS ONLY REPORT) Crimes where victims are always individuals

Simple Assault

Aggravated Assault

Intimidation

Others

Kidnapping/Abduction

Criminal Sexual Contact

CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY ARRESTS (THIS IS A NIBRS ONLY REPORT) The object of a crime against property is to obtain money, property or another bene�t

Shoplifting

Destruction/Damage/Vandalism of Property

Others

All Other Larceny

Burglary/Breaking & Entering

Motor Vehicle Theft

CRIMES AGAINST SOCIETY ARRESTS (THIS IS A NIBRS ONLY REPORT) Society Crimes represent Society’s prohibition against engaging in certain types of activity, they are typically victimless crimes in which property or persons are not the object

Drug/Narcotic Violations

Drug Equipment Violations

Weapon Law Violations

Prostitution

Others

Pornography/Obscene Material

GROUP B ARRESTS (THIS IS A NIBRS ONLY REPORT) Group B offenses tend to be minor in nature therefore only arrest data is collected for these crimes

All Other Offenses

Driving Under the In�uence

Disorderly Conduct

200

Trespass of Real Property

Liquor Law Violations

Others

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

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TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS

CHAPTER 9 TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD

203 205 210 SPECIAL FEATURE

EXCERPTS

Transportation Options Insights

Transportation

Univision Communications takes a close look at transportation in the Phoenix and Tucson markets

Key facts about Arizona’s surface transportation system April 2026

TRIP, a National Research Transportation nonprofit, presents key facts about Arizona’s surface transportation system in their April 2026 report.

202

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS

CHAPTER 9 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Transportation Options Insights Transportation Burden by County Population With No Vehicle Access, 2024

All

20 to 24 minutes

15 to 19 minutes

Maricopa County Pima County

Car, truc

Pinal County Yuma County Yavapai County

Car, tr

Mohave County

Taxicab, motorcyc

Navajo County Coconino County

Public transporta

Cochise County 0K

50K

Source: DATOS Interactive — Transportation Options Dashboard

203

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

100K

TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS

CHAPTER 9 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Transportation Options Insights Select Region All



Typical Commute Time, 2024 20 to 24 minutes

30 to 34 minutes

25 to 29 mi… 45 to 59 mi…

10 to 14 minutes 60 to 89 mi…

15 to 19 minutes

5 to 9 minutes

35 t…

Les…

40 to 44 mi… 90 or more…

mTom mTom Feedback Feedback

Transportation by Type, 2024 Car, truck, or van - drove alone Worked from home Car, truck, or van - carpooled Taxicab, motorcycle, bicycle, or other m… Walked Public transportation (excluding taxicab)

Source: DATOS Total Access — Transportation Options Dashboard 100K

Source: DATOS Interactive — Transportation Options Dashboard

204

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS

SPECIAL FEATURE

COURTESY OF

205

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS

SPECIAL FEATURE

COURTESY OF

206

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS

SPECIAL FEATURE

COURTESY OF

207

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS

SPECIAL FEATURE

COURTESY OF

208

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS

SPECIAL FEATURE

COURTESY OF

209

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS

EXCERPT

Key facts about Arizona’s surface transportation system April 2026 TRIP: A National Transportation Research Nonprofit.

TRIP, a National Research Transportation nonprofit, presents key facts about Arizona’s surface transportation system in their April 2026 report. SOURCE: Traffic & Road Research Reports | TRIP

210

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TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS

EXCERPT

Key facts about Arizona’s surface transportation system

April 2026 Investing in Arizona’s surface transportation system improves road and bridge conditions and reduces driver costs • A total of 53% of Arizona’s major roads are in poor or mediocre condition. Driving on deteriorated roads costs Arizona motorists $5.1 billion a year – $880 per driver – in the form of additional repairs, accelerated vehicle depreciation, and increased fuel consumption and tire wear. • A total of 1% of Arizona’s bridges are rated in poor/structurally deficient condition, meaning there is significant deterioration to the major components of the bridge. A total of 40% of the state’s bridges were built prior to 1970. Many bridges that are 50 years or older may require significant rehabilitation or replacement. • Vehicle travel in Arizona dropped by 33% in April 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic (as compared to the same month the previous year), but rebounded to 9% above pre-pandemic levels by 2025. Since 2000, vehicle travel on Arizona’s roads increased 43% and the state’s population increased 49%. .

• The five-year Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), which expires on September 30, 2026, will provide $5 billion in federal funds for highway and bridge investments in Arizona over five years, including a 29% increase over the previous federal surface transportation program. • Construction cost inflation, the erosion of motor fuel taxes due to inflation, improved fuel efficiency, and the adoption of hybrid and electric vehicles threaten the state’s ability to keep pace with growing transportation needs. The Federal Highway Administration’s national highway construction cost index, which measures the rate of inflation in labor and materials cost, increased 52% from the beginning of 2022 through the third quarter of 2025. Roadway improvements can reduce traffic crashes and save lives • From 2020 through 2025, 6,210 people died on Arizona’s highways, an average of 1,242 annual fatalities. Arizona’s traffic fatality rate of 1.5 fatalities per 100 million vehicle miles of travel is higher than the national average of 1.1. • A total of 850 people were killed in traffic crashes in work zones in the U.S. in 2024, 19% higher than a decade ago. There were 146 work zone fatalities in Arizona from 2020 to 2024. Work zone safety can be improved through the use of safety countermeasures including improved work zone design, improved driver messaging, high-visibility markings and speed enforcement. • Traffic crashes in Arizona imposed a total of $9.3 billion in economic costs in 2024. TRIP estimates that a lack of adequate roadway safety features, while not the primary factor, was likely a contributing factor in approximately onethird of all fatal traffic crashes, resulting in $3.1 billion in economic costs in the state in 2024. These costs include work and household productivity losses, property damage, medical costs, rehabilitation costs, legal and court costs, congestion costs, and emergency services. Investing in our transportation system generates jobs, fosters economic recovery and growth, and improves safety • Investments in the surface transportation system will boost Arizona’s economy in the short-term by creating jobs and in the long-term will enhance economic competitiveness, stimulate sustained job growth, improve access and mobility, improve traffic safety, reduce travel delays, and improve road and bridge conditions. • Roads and highways are the backbone of our economy, allowing Arizona motorists to travel 70.5 billion miles annually and moving a significant portion of the $381 billion worth of commodities shipped to and from the state each year. But, conditions on the system are deteriorating, as the need for transportation improvements far outpaces the amount of state and federal funding available. • The design, construction and maintenance of transportation infrastructure in Arizona supports approximately 65,000 full-time jobs across all sectors of the state economy. Approximately 1.1 million full-time jobs in Arizona in key industries like tourism, retail sales, agriculture and manufacturing are completely dependent on the state’s transportation network. Latest data from the U.S. Census Bureau, USDOT, FHWA, BTS, ARTBA, NHTSA, and AAA compiled and analyzed by TRIP.

1101 Connecticut Ave., NW, #450 ■ Washington, DC 20036 ■ 202.466.6706 ■ tripnet.org ■ @TRIP_Inc

211

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

ROUNDS CONSULTING GROUP

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Economic & Policy Consulting

Jim Rounds

Independent economic and policy research serving Arizona businesses, municipalities, counties, nonprofits, developers, and other organizations.

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www.roundsconsulting.com

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4450 S. Rural Rd., Suite C-220 Tempe, AZ 85282 Phone: 480.508.4911

Senior VP

602.739.0844 rounds@roundsconsulting.com

602.849.0632 cordova@roundsconsulting.com

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solar installations in Arizona

*in collaboration with The Coca-Cola Company

PARKS AND RECREATION

CHAPTER 10 PARKS AND RECREATION INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD

214 215 217 219

Parks and Recreation Insights

IN FOCUS

The Phoenix Zoo BY JORDAN NOBLE

IN FOCUS

EXCERPT

Celebrate Fall at Desert Botanical Garden BY ABDEL JIMENEZ

Outdoor Recreation Economic Statistics, U.S. and States, 2024

In 2024, the value added of the outdoor recreation economy was 2.4% ($696.7 billion) of the U.S’s GDP. In Arizona, the outdoor recreation value added was 2.7% of the state’s GDP in 2024.

213

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

PARKS AND RECREATION

CHAPTER 10 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Parks and Recreation Insights

Adults Who Report Participation in Any Physical Activity or Exercise

Year

All

 Physical Activity or Exercise by Race/Ethnicity

Native American 17.4%

White 22.5% 40

Asian 20.5% Hispanic or Latino 20.7%

39 2014

2016

2018

2020

# of Annual Park Visits, 2025

FY25 Median Spending on Parks by Cities, Per Capita

288M

$162.92 Top 10 Annual Visitation by Park Name, 2025

2022

Black or African American 18.9%

2024

2025 Sets Another Record-High Park Investment Across 100 Most Populous Cities Inflation

Private Organizations

Public Agencies - Fed…

Public Capital (Local)

Public Operating (…

Volunteers

6bn

40M 4bn 20M 2bn 0M Central City Park Park

Grant Park

Mission Bay Park

Forest Park

San Antonio Riverw…

Venice Beach

Zilker Metro Park

Presidio Minne… of San Chain of Francis… Lakes Region…

0bn

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Source: DATOS Interactive — Parks and Recreation Dashboard

214

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

2024

2025

PARKS AND RECREATION

IN FOCUS

The Phoenix Zoo BY JORDAN NOBLE

Jordan Noble, Marketing & Communications Manager, Phoenix Zoo/Arizona Center for Nature Conservation

Nestled on 126 acres within beautiful Papago Park, the Phoenix Zoo is a wondrous place of curiosity, imagination and discovery. Featuring more than 3,000 animals, including lions, tigers, flamingos, and rhinos, it is unlike any other place in the Valley. Take a spin on the Lakeside Carousel, opt for a slower ride on a camel or find your next best four-legged friend in the Zoo’s Goat Yard at Harmony Farm. The Phoenix Zoo is proud to support DATOS and the broader Hispanic community in Arizona by providing a space for all community members to gather, learn, play and celebrate. Through events focused on the Hispanic community we hope to create a welcoming environment for those in Phoenix and beyond to celebrate their culture and traditions.

DÍA DEL NIÑO

For more than 20 years, the Phoenix Zoo has been celebrating Día del Niño with an event focused on the children of Arizona. This

A family posing with a large puppet at the Zoo’s Día de los Muertos event

party includes representation from local radio stations including, Campesina, Entravision and Univision, lotería drawings, piñatas, games, crafts and so much more.

DÍA DE LOS MUERTOS

New in 2025, the Phoenix Zoo launched a Día de los Muertos event that featured games for children and families, multiple ofrendas

The Zoo’s animal ofrenda displayed during Día de los Muertos. Photos by Joaquin Hidalgo

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PARKS AND RECREATION

IN FOCUS

THE PHOENIX ZOO

A female Komodo dragon named Jojo

A female jaguar named Caipora

plays in telling the story of the Hispanic community in the Valley through DATOS. Jordan Noble is the Marketing & Communications Manager at the Phoenix Zoo/Arizona Center for Nature Conservation, working to advance the stewardship and conservation of animals and their habitats while providing experiences that inspire people and motivate them to care for the natural world.

A giraffe and a kudu interacting on the Zoo’s Savanna habitat

throughout the Zoo, storytelling focused on the history of the holiday and culturally relevant performances. We are excited to continue those new traditions for years to come!

RESOURCES

NOCHE DE LOS REYES MAGOS

Phoenix Zoo

During ZooLights each year, the Zoo spends an evening celebrating the Night of the Three Kings, including a visit from the Three Kings themselves and the Zoo’s camels, star gazing and mariachi performances.

455 N. Galvin Pkwy Phoenix, AZ 85008 Phoenixzoo.org

Social media handles: @phoenixzoo

The Phoenix Zoo is grateful for the work of the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce and the important role the organization 216

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

PARKS AND RECREATION

Celebrate Fall at Desert Botanical Garden BY ABDEL JIMENEZ

IN FOCUS

Abdel Jimenez, Marketing Communications Manager at Desert Botanical Garden.

As the desert heat fades, Desert Botanical Garden will transform this fall with a vibrant season of art, festivals, live music and thrilling experiences that invite everyone back outdoors. The season begins with the debut of Super Bloom by Graphic Rewilding, on view Oct. 9 through May 31, 2027. Step inside glass houses radiating color and light, sit among flower clouds surrounded by desert blooms and find your center in a magical, night-blooming garden. With more than 21 largerthan-life installations across the Garden, Super Bloom creates an immersive journey for visitors that can be experienced both day and night. The Garden also celebrates the 50th anniversary of its Plant Sale with its biggest event yet. For the first time, the Plant Sale will span five days with extended shopping hours, offering thousands of desert-adapted plants, expert advice and seasonal décor to help visitors prepare their landscapes for cooler weather.

Super Bloom

Photos courtesy of Desert Botanical Garden

For one week only, experience glowing trails and playful Halloween fun for all ages. New this season, enjoy the 21+ Strange Garden Spirit Walk on Oct. 22, and all-ages celebration Oct. 23—24. Don't forget to attend the Garden's first ever Howl-ween day for dogs on Oct. 31 where dogs and humans are encourage to wear costumes and partake in our Pup Club tricks-for-treats stations. From Nov. 6 — 8, Día de Muertos returns with music, dance, storytelling and the Garden's annual ofrenda exhibition honoring loved ones who have passed.

Chiles & Chocolate returns Nov. 13 — 15, featuring seasonal shopping and local vendors.

Plant Sale 217

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

PARKS AND RECREATION

IN FOCUS

CELEBRATE FALL AT DESERT BOTAN ICAL GARDEN

Día de Muertos

Strange Garden Spirit Walk

Beginning Oct. 16, tickets go on sale for Las Noches de las Luminarias, opening Nov. 27.

RESOURCES

This year's holiday tradition pairs twinkling luminarias with the colorful nighttime display of Super Bloom and new living holiday décor.

Desert Botanical Garden

1201 N. Galvin Parkway, Phoenix, AZ 85008 480-941-1225 dbg.org

Experience the beauty of fall at Desert Botanical Garden. For tickets and a full schedule of events, visit dbg.org. Abdel Jimenez is the Marketing Communications Manager at Desert Botanical Garden in Phoenix since 2021 and leads the social media efforts at the Garden.

IG: @dbgphx

NOTES

218

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PARKS AND RECREATION

EXCERPT

Outdoor Recreation Economic Statistics, U.S. and States, 2024 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysys (BEA)

In 2024, the value added of the outdoor recreation economy was 2.4% ($696.7 billion) of the U.S’s GDP. In Arizona, the outdoor recreation value added was 2.7% of the state’s GDP in 2024. SOURCE: Outdoor Recreation Economic Statistics, U.S. and States, 2024 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysys (BEA)

219

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

EXCERPT

PARKS AND RECREATION

EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 10:00 a.m. EST, Thursday, March 5, 2026 Technical: Media:

Stanislaw Rzeznik (Regional) Connor Franks (National) Connie O’Connell

301-278-9458 301-278-9710 301-278-9003

BEA 26–13

OutdoorRecreation@bea.gov Connie.OConnell@bea.gov

Outdoor Recreation Economic Statistics, U.S. and States, 2024 New Statistics for 2024; Updates for 2020–2023 Today, the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis released new statistics measuring the outdoor recreation economy for the nation, all 50 states, and the District of Columbia. The new U.S. data show the value added of the outdoor recreation economy accounted for 2.4 percent ($696.7 billion) of current-dollar gross domestic product (GDP) for the nation in 2024 (national table 2). Across states and the District of Columbia, value added for outdoor recreation as a share of state GDP ranged from 6.1 percent in Hawaii to 1.0 percent in the District of Columbia (state table 1).

Page 1 of 7

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EXCERPT

PARKS AND RECREATION

Inflation-adjusted (“real”) GDP for the outdoor recreation economy increased 2.7 percent in 2024, compared with a 2.8 percent increase for the overall U.S. economy, reflecting a deceleration from the increase in outdoor recreation of 5.3 percent in 2023 (national table 1). Real gross output for the outdoor recreation economy increased 2.0 percent. Outdoor recreation compensation increased 5.2 percent, and employment increased 1.1 percent (national table 9).

Change in Outdoor Recreation, Compared With U.S. Economy, 2024 Percent 7 5.8

6 5.2 5 4 3

2.7

2.8 2.0

2.3 1.1

1 0

Real gross domestic product

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Real gross output

Compensation

Outdoor recreation

1.1

Employment

U.S. economy

Page 2 of 7

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

PARKS AND RECREATION

EXCERPT

Outdoor recreation employment increased in 36 states and the District of Columbia in 2024. The percent change in outdoor recreation employment ranged from 4.3 percent in North Dakota to −4.0 percent in Hawaii (BEA interactive tables).

Outdoor recreation by activity Outdoor recreation activities fall into three general categories: (1) conventional activities such as bicycling, boating, hiking, and hunting; (2) other activities such as gardening and outdoor concerts; and (3) supporting activities such as construction, travel and tourism, local trips, and government expenditures. In 2024, conventional outdoor recreation accounted for 29.5 percent of U.S. outdoor recreation value added, compared with 30.0 percent in 2023. “Other outdoor recreation” accounted for 19.0 percent of value added in 2024, compared with 18.8 percent in 2023. Supporting activities accounted for the remaining 51.5 percent of value added in 2024, compared with 51.2 percent in 2023. Growth in supporting activities was led by travel and tourism, reflecting growth in spending on transportation, hotels, and restaurants (national table 4).

Page 3 of 7

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EXCERPT

PARKS AND RECREATION

Outdoor Recreation by Category, Share of Current-Dollar Value Added, 2023–2024 Percent 100 18.8

19.0

30.0

29.5

51.2

51.5

2023

2024

Supporting outdoor recreation

Conventional outdoor recreation

Other outdoor recreation

U.S. Bureau of Economic

Additional highlights for value added by activity for 2024 are as follows (state table 2): •

•

Boating/fishing was the largest conventional activity for the nation at $38.4 billion in currentdollar value added and was the largest conventional activity in 34 states. The states with the largest contributions were Florida ($4.4 billion), California ($3.3 billion), and Texas ($3.0 billion). RVing was the second-largest conventional activity for the nation at $27.5 billion in currentdollar value added and was the largest conventional activity in nine states. The states with the largest contributions were Indiana ($5.2 billion), Texas ($2.7 billion), and California ($2.1 billion). Hunting/shooting/trapping was the third-largest conventional activity for the nation at $16.5 billion in current-dollar value added and was the largest conventional activity in Arizona and Wyoming. The states with the largest contributions were Texas ($2.0 billion), Florida ($974.6 million), and California ($817.5 million). Snow activities for the nation was $7.6 billion in current-dollar value added and was the largest conventional activity in four states (Colorado, New Hampshire, Utah, and Vermont). The states with the largest contributions were Colorado ($1.6 billion), California ($730.5 million), and Utah ($598.2 million).

Page 4 of 7

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EXCERPT

PARKS AND RECREATION

Billions of dollars 45

Conventional Outdoor Recreation Activities, Current-Dollar Value Added, 2023–2024

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Boating/fishing

RVing

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Hunting/shooting/ trapping 2023

Motorcycling/ ATVing 2024

Snow activities

Equestrian

Outdoor recreation by industry The outdoor recreation by industry data show the contributions of industries to the outdoor recreation economy, including their impact on value added, gross output, employment, and compensation. For the nation, the arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services industry group was the largest contributor to U.S. outdoor recreation current-dollar value added in 2024, accounting for $174.4 billion, or 25.0 percent. At the state level, arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services was the largest contributor to outdoor recreation value added in 23 states and the District of Columbia. The states with the largest contributions were California ($24.1 billion), Florida ($22.7 billion), and New York ($11.8 billion) (state table 3). Retail trade was the second-largest industry group for the nation, at $169.1 billion, or 24.3 percent of value added, and was the largest industry group in 24 states. The states with the largest contributions were California ($19.3 billion), Texas ($14.4 billion), and Florida ($13.4 billion).

Page 5 of 7

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PARKS AND RECREATION

Manufacturing was the third-largest industry group for the nation, at $91.3 billion, or 13.1 percent of value added, and was the largest industry group in two states (Indiana and Louisiana). The states with the largest contributions were Texas ($13.1 billion), California ($11.6 billion), and Indiana ($9.1 billion).

Industry Share of Outdoor Recreation, Current-Dollar Value Added, 2024 Outdoor recreation value added was $696.7 billion All other industries 16.3%

Wholesale trade

Transportation and warehousing

25.0%

Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services

8.9%

12.3% 24.3% 13.1%

Retail trade

Manufacturing U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Annual update of outdoor recreation economic statistics Estimates for 2020 to 2023 were updated as a part of this release. At the national level, gross output, value added, employment, and compensation now incorporate the results of the 2025 annual update of the National Economic Accounts, which include the National Income and Product Accounts and the Industry Economic Accounts, and newly available and revised source data. The state statistics now reflect these updated national data as well as the 2025 annual update of the Regional Economic Accounts and newly available and revised regional source data. Previously published estimates are available in BEA’s Data Archive.

For definitions, statistical conventions, BEA regions, uses of these statistics, and more, visit “Additional Information.” Next release: Fall 2026 Outdoor Recreation Economic Statistics, U.S. and States, 2025 Page 6 of 7

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

WEEKDAYS 5:00AM - 7:00AM

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COMMUNITY DESIGN

CHAPTER 11 COMMUNITY DESIGN INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD

228 230 SPECIAL FEATURE

Community Design Insights

Community Design

Univision Communications presents the facts on community design of all types for Hispanics in Phoenix and Tucson

227

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

COMMUNITY DESIGN

CHAPTER 11 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Community Design Insights

Approximately 2 in 3 adults (68%) strongly agree that parks and recreation is an important service provided by their local government. Experiences of Inclusion and Belonging in Parks and Recreation by Category Gen X

Gen Z

Baby Boomers

Millennials

Experience

75%

68% 70%

Safe

Easily accessible

66%

Generally welcoming

66% 66% 65%

59%

Welcoming to people of all ages

71%

64%

44% 54%

47% 48%

55%

49% 48%

Welcoming to people of all races/ethnicities

59%

50% 47% 46%

Welcoming to people of all gender identities

48% 0%

20%

40%

73%

59%

46%

Welcoming to people of all abilities

70% 71%

62%

58% Welcoming to people of all incomes

75% 74%

53%

60%

80%

Source: DATOS Interactive — Community Design Dashboard

228

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

100%

COMMUNITY DESIGN

CHAPTER 11 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Community Design Insights

% Satisfaction with Personal Life and the U.S. United States 100

87 76

Personal life

41 32 23

19 0

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

% Very satisfied with the way things are going in personal life 2020

2025

2020

100%

2025

2020

100%

2025

2020

100%

2025

100%

80% 59% 50%

41%

65%

41%

69%

64% 47%

69% 62%

60%

50%

56% 47%

50%

51%

50%

67%

63% 51% 50%

41%

48% 41%

37%

0% 18 to 29

30 to 49

50 to 64

65 and older

Republicans

Independents

Democrats

Not college graduate

College graduate

Source: DATOS Interactive — Community Design Dashboard

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

Women

Men

SPECIAL FEATURE

COMMUNITY DESIGN COURTESY OF

230

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SPECIAL FEATURE

COMMUNITY DESIGN COURTESY OF

231

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

SPECIAL FEATURE

COMMUNITY DESIGN COURTESY OF

232

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

SPECIAL FEATURE

COMMUNITY DESIGN COURTESY OF

233

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

SPECIAL FEATURE

COMMUNITY DESIGN COURTESY OF

234

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

SPECIAL FEATURE

COMMUNITY DESIGN COURTESY OF

235

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

SPECIAL FEATURE

COMMUNITY DESIGN COURTESY OF

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

SPECIAL FEATURE

COMMUNITY DESIGN COURTESY OF

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

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SOCIAL/CULTURAL COHESION

CHAPTER 12 SOCIAL/CULTURAL COHESION INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD

240 242 245 249

Social/Cultural Cohesion Insights

IN FOCUS

Univision Contigo BY GERARDO HIGGINSON

IN FOCUS

EXCERPT

Arizona’s Environmental Future Runs Through Its Latino Workforce BY JOSHUA MOLINA

2025 LDC U.S. Latinos in Media Report

In 2025, Latino representation in film and television remained far below parity levels. From on-screen to behind the camera , Latinos were largely underrepresented.

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SOCIAL/CULTURAL COHESION

CHAPTER 12 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Social/Cultural Cohesion Insights

U.S. Latino Adults Worried on Deportation for Themselves or Others, 2025 Not much / Not at all

A lot / Some

Trump voters Ages 65+

40%

Republican / Lean Republican Third or higher generation Ages 50–64 U.S. born Men

20%

Nonvoters Second generation All Latino adults Women Ages 18–29

Ages 30–49

Genera drama

Harris voters Immigrant Democrat / Lean Democratic 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Issues Most Affecting Hispanic Voters’ Views of President Trump, 2026 Immigration enforcement

Jobs, wages and economy

Cost of living / inflation

50%

60%

40%

20%

0% 0%

Age 18–29

Women

Overall

Men

Independent

Source: DATOS Interactive — Social/Cultural Cohesion Dashboard

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dent

SOCIAL/CULTURAL COHESION

CHAPTER 12 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Social/Cultural Cohesion Insights

Hispanic & U.S. Share of Broadcast Viewing, 2025 Hispanic Share

U.S. Share

40%

20%

0% General drama

Sports event

News

General variety

Particip… variety

Feature film

Convers… / colloqui…

Daytime drama

News Situation docume… comedy

Preferred Pan-Ethnic Terms Among U.S. Hispanic Adults, 2026

80%

Hispanic

Latinx

Latino

Latine

60%

40%

20%

0% Third or higher generation

U.S.-born adults

Source: DATOS Total Access — Social/Cultural Cohesion Dashboard

All U.S. Hispanic adults

241

Second generation

Immigrants

THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

SOCIAL/CULTURAL COHESION

IN FOCUS

Univision Contigo BY GERARDO HIGGINSON

The Hispanic community is shaping the future of the U.S., driving economic growth, culture and innovation. At TelevisaUnivision, we leverage our trusted platforms and deep connection with Latino audiences to provide timely, culturally relevant resources that break down barriers and create opportunity.

and financial experts. The tactical support, combined with community networking opportunities, provided a launchpad for economic empowerment and long-term success.

Our role goes beyond storytelling. We use our reach, credibility and community partnerships to empower Latino voices, connect families with trusted resources, and help turn information into action.

Our nonpartisan campaign empowers eligible Hispanic voters with trusted information, educational tools, and resources to make informed decisions and participate in the electoral process. Through local voter registration activations and phone banks, we engage and mobilize communities in Arizona. During this year’s primary elections, we took #MartesDeAccion live from Phoenix, reaching audiences across all our markets and driving informed civic participation.

#VOTACONMIGO

The work highlighted in Arizona reflects this commitment— bringing our platforms, partners and communities together to create meaningful impact and build pathways to a stronger future.

Second edition of Creciendo Tu Negocio small business event at the Univision Arizona studios Photos courtesy of Univision Arizona

CRECIENDO TU NEGOCIO

A dynamic entrepreneurship event designed to help individuals build financial independence through their small businesses and entrepreneurial ventures. The event provided practical guidance on launching and scaling businesses by successful entrepreneurs

Phone bank on Arizona Primary Election Day in partnership with Poder Latinx and Mi Familia En Acción at the Univision Arizona studios

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

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SOCIAL/CULTURAL COHESION

IN FOCUS

UNIVISION CONTIGO

FERIA DE EDUCACIÓN Y REGRESO A CLASES Designed to set up students and families for success, this event provided essential back-to-school items and educational pathways for all ages. Participants gained access to information on K-12 and higher education, technical programs, adult education, FAFSA, scholarships and DACA support.

FERIA DE SALUD Y BIENESTAR

Dedicated to preventative care, mental well-being and healthy living, the event united local communities in a vibrant celebration of Hispanic health. Alongside free screenings, vaccines, mammograms and mental health resources, attendees experienced an uplifting, culturally immersive atmosphere designed to meet people where they are.

Citizenship workshop with Mi Familia En Acción at Carl Hayden Community High School

HAZTE CIUDADANO

While citizenship provides essential representation and opportunity, navigating the naturalization process can be daunting. TelevisaUnivision partnered with civic engagement organizations to host workshops and phone banks, providing eligible residents with direct access to the tools and support needed to become U.S. citizens.

Univision Contigo Health & Wellness Fair at Trevor Browne High School

Univision Contigo Education & Back-to-School Fair at South Mountain Community College

Community giving event at Carl Hayden Community High School

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

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SOCIAL/CULTURAL COHESION

IN FOCUS

UNIVISION CONTIGO

SEASON OF GIVING

BECA TU FUTURO

Distributed laptops to close the digital divide facing Latino communities. With the support of a generous sponsor, laptops were donated through a local school serving a student population that is 94% Hispanic and largely low-income. For many, these computers were the first for their family.

Univision Arizona partnered with NAU to create and launch the “Tu Futuro” scholarship. The scholarship program is part of the Univision Arizona Contigo community empowerment initiative, providing an Arizona student with a scholarship to NAU, covering the total cost of tuition and lodging for a four-year undergraduate.

UNIDOS POR VENEZUELA

GET INVOLVED! Let’s make 2027 a year of even greater impact together. Discover how you can support your community and get involved today by contacting our team.

Univision Contigo’s national caravan, “Unidos por Venezuela,” made a special stop in Phoenix at the Univision Arizona studios, mobilizing the local community to support families affected by the earthquakes in Venezuela. The event collected essential items, including nonperishable food, diapers and hygiene products. Donations were transported to Miami and then delivered to families in Venezuela through the Global Empowerment Mission.

Gerardo Higginson is multi awarded executive with more than 25 years of experience empowering Arizona’s Latino community. Currently, Gerardo serves as Senior Director of Community Empowerment for Univision Arizona, where he leads civic engagement initiatives and social impact campaigns. Previously, he served as Senior Assistant to the Mayor of Phoenix, advising on Latino and immigrant community relations and Spanish-language and minority media. His career also includes serving as a Public Information Officer for the City of Phoenix and working as a news anchor and reporter. With additional experience in banking and hospitality, Gerardo brings a diverse perspective and deep connection to the communities he serves.

Volunteers and employees supporting the Unidos Por Venezuela event at the Univision Arizona studios

RESOURCES Univision Arizona

www.UnivisionArizona.com GERARDO HIGGINSON 602.232.3505 Ghigginson@televisaunivision.com Scholarship presentation at the Univision Arizona studios Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

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SOCIAL/CULTURAL COHESION

IN FOCUS

Arizona’s Environmental Future Runs Through Its Latino Workforce BY JOSHUA MOLINA

The heat reflecting off the asphalt hits differently in metro Phoenix. A short walk across a parking lot can feel like a trek across the Sahara. The steering wheel burns your hands. Afternoon plans suddenly seem optional. Many of us manage by moving from an air-conditioned home to an air-conditioned car and then into an air-conditioned office. Thousands of Arizonans working on the front lines of our summer heat do not have that luxury. They pour concrete, repair roofs, maintain landscapes, deliver packages and keep the systems running that allow the rest of us to live here. Many are Latino, and their work helps hold up Arizona’s economy.

The Palabra Media team creates bilingual campaigns that help Arizona organizations connect with Latino and multicultural audiences. Photos courtesy of Palabra Media

A peer-reviewed study by Arizona State University researchers identified 135 heat-vulnerable occupations representing 15% of the state’s workforce. It also identified 110 “heat-solution” occupations that help Arizona prepare for and respond to extreme heat.

Those figures put a price on something Latino families have long understood: cuando falta la salud, falta todo. When health goes, everything else goes with it.

TURNING OPPORTUNITY INTO ACTION

And there is a very Arizona twist: construction laborers, landscapers, electricians, plumbers, HVAC technicians, roofers and maintenance workers appear on both lists. The people sweating through the problem are often the same people we call to solve it.

There is a silver lining in this data. Preparing Arizona for a hotter future can also create good jobs. Nationally, Latino and Hispanic workers held nearly one-third of the new energy jobs created in 2023, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.

The economic stakes are significant. By 2065, outdoor workers across Arizona could have nearly $2.6 billion in total annual earnings at risk from extreme heat. In Maricopa County, the average outdoor worker could lose about $5,000 a year and the equivalent of 41 workdays.

Arizona will need electricians, solar installers, HVAC technicians, engineers, emergency responders, community health workers and skilled tradespeople. It will also need educators, recruiters, smallbusiness owners and communications professionals who can connect people with those opportunities.

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

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SOCIAL/CULTURAL COHESION

IN FOCUS

ARIZONA’S ENVI RON M ENTAL FUTU RE RU NS TH ROUGH ITS LATI NO WORKFORCE

Palabra Media teaching Latino business owners and community organizations at Univision Arizona.

But there is a long road between saying something and making it real. A training program, job opening, rebate or safety resource accomplishes little if the families who could benefit never hear about it or cannot figure out how to apply.

Filming at Palabra Media event

WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED AT PALABRA MEDIA

Before becoming a marketer and agency owner, I was a journalist. The numbers above may be compelling, but experience has taught me that an important fact can still go nowhere. People pay attention when they recognize their neighborhood, their family and their own choices in the story. They listen when the messenger has earned their trust. That lesson is central to the work we do at Palabra Media. We help organizations reach Arizona’s Latino community through bilingual campaigns, video, public relations, advertising and trusted media partnerships. Much of our work involves helping clients cross the distance between “We posted it” and “Our community actually heard it.” Our team sometimes cringes at the campaigns we see directed toward Latino audiences. The Spanish copy looks like someone fed the English version through a translator five minutes before lunch. Important information is buried three clicks deep on a website. Advertising runs everywhere except the places where Latino families get their news. Then everyone wonders why the response was low.

Palabra Media produces culturally informed video and digital content for clients across healthcare, education, nonprofit, retail and public-service sectors.

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

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SOCIAL/CULTURAL COHESION

IN FOCUS

ARIZONA’S ENVI RON M ENTAL FUTU RE RU NS TH ROUGH ITS LATI NO WORKFORCE

Joshua Molina, President and Chief Marketing Officer of Palabra Media, a Phoenix-based multicultural marketing agency.

supervisor, the small contractor and the family member who may recognize the warning signs first. If a rebate can help replace an old air conditioner, explain the application in plain language and make it easy to use.

Pónganse las pilas. We have to do better, especially when the message could connect someone to a safer workplace, a lower utility bill or a good job. If Arizona wants to recruit Latino workers into clean-energy careers, show them the job, the paycheck, the training and someone who has already made the leap. Tell that story in English and Spanish through media and community organizations that have earned their trust.

A SEAT AT THE TABLE

Arizona’s Latino community should be involved while programs are designed, budgets are set and stories are told. Preferably before the cafecito is cold and the important decisions have already been made.

Heat-safety information should reach the worker, the Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

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SOCIAL/CULTURAL COHESION

IN FOCUS

ARIZONA’S ENVI RON M ENTAL FUTU RE RU NS TH ROUGH ITS LATI NO WORKFORCE

A former journalist and longtime advocate for the Hispanic community, he spent more than 15 years leading marketing teams for global technology companies before launching Palabra Media. Today, he helps organizations build trust with multicultural audiences and turn meaningful connections into measurable growth. Sources: Arizona State University, “ASU study offers insights into protecting heatvulnerable jobs in Arizona,” Sept. 16, 2025. news.asu.edu/20250916-environment-and-sustainability-asu-studyoffers-insights-p rotecting-heatvulnerable-jobs Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, “Extreme Heat’s Impacts on a Local Economy: Phoenix, AZ,” March 26, 2024. www.frbsf.org/research-and-insights/blog/communitydevelopment/2024/03/26/extre me-heats-impact-on-a-local-economyphoenix-arizona/ U.S. Department of Energy, “DOE Report Shows Clean Energy Jobs Grew at More Than Twice the Rate of Overall U.S. Employment,” Aug. 28, 2024. www.energy.gov/articles/doe-report-shows-clean-energy-jobs-grewmore-twice-rate-overall-us-employment

RESOURCES

Team filming in studio

Business and civic leaders can hire from the community, contract with Latino-owned firms and create paid pathways into skilled careers. They can budget for bilingual outreach from the beginning and measure who heard the message, who applied and who benefited.

Palabra Media, LLC

515 E. Grant St., Suite 101, Phoenix, AZ 85004 602.688.2395 info@palabramedia.com

At Palabra Media, our work begins with understanding people: how they speak, whom they trust, what they worry about and what gives them hope. Arizona’s environmental future will depend on listening to the people already doing the work and giving them the tools, opportunities and voz to lead.

palabramedia.com SOCIAL MEDIA • • •

Hay que echarle ganas. In Arizona, we know how. Joshua Molina is president and CMO of Palabra Media, one of Arizona’s leading Hispanic and multicultural marketing agencies.

IG: @palabramedia IN: Palabra-Media YT: @palabramedia

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

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SOCIAL/CULTURAL COHESION

EXCERPT

2025 LDC U.S. LATINOS IN MEDIA REPORT Latino Donor Collaborative and Latino Data Collaborative Think Tank

In 2025, Latino representation in film and television remained far below parity levels. From on-screen to behind the camera , Latinos were largely underrepresented. SOURCE: 2025 LDC U.S. Latinos in Media Report

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

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SOCIAL/CULTURAL COHESION

EXCERPT

2025

LDC U.S. LATINOS IN MEDIA REPORT™ FULL-YEAR UPDATE

U.S. Latinos’ Impact on Media and Why It Matters to Brands

PRODUCED BY

The Latino Donor Collaborative

In partnership with the Latino Data Collaborative Think Tank. Authors: LDC Research • May 2025

Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

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EXCERPT

Executive Summary

The Signals That Defined 2025 and Will Shape 2026 Six structural signals defined the media economy

Latinos are 20% of the U.S. population and 27% of the U.S.

in 2025: theatrical demand became concentrated rather than disappearing; YouTube solidified its

role as primary television for younger audiences; AVOD and FAST models became central to

monetization; live content anchored ad-supported

growth; representation improved in visibility but stalled in authority; and finally, misalignment, not uncertainty, emerged as the industry’s core risk.

These signals do not stand in isolation. They converge around one measurable reality: U.S. Latinos are over-indexing in consumption across

platforms while remaining underrepresented where long-term value is created.

young population.

In theatrical releases, Latino audiences represented up to 41% of U.S. openingweekend viewers for some major franchise films, far above their 20% share of the

U.S. population and 27% share of the U.S. young population. That consumption

gap matters because it reflects the scale of the Latino market itself. U.S. Latinos now generate $4.4 trillion in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), making the U.S. Latino

economy the fourth largest in the world if measured independently, and the fastestgrowing among the world’s largest economies. In 2024, U.S. Latino household consumption reached $2.8 trillion and U.S. Latino Gross Domestic Income (GDI)

reached $3.4 trillion, underscoring the scale of a consumer base that is already reshaping demand across industries.1

Hispanic viewers are also 35% more likely than the national average to be cord

cutters, reinforcing that platform migration is not simply a technology shift, but a shift in relevance, engagement, and future monetization.2

Films:

Concentrated Demand, Persistent Representation Gaps Despite strong audience participation, representation in film remains structurally low.

Latino

At the studio level, representation outcomes varied, but no major distributor reached parity. Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures posted the highest Latino main-cast share among major studios (19%) and was also the highest-grossing Hollywood studio of 2025, underscoring how closer alignment with Latino representation can coincide with commercial outperformance. Other highoutput distributors, including Sony Pictures and Warner Bros. Discovery, continued to underrepresent Latinos despite their scale.

Across the Top 100 box office films of 2025, Latino main-cast representation reached only 8.2%, reflecting a –58.8% representation under-index relative to population share. In streaming films, Latinos accounted for 9.1% of overall main-cast representation (–54.4% under-index), while directing and screenwriting indices fell to –76.5% and –92.4%, respectively.

Streaming films showed similar misalignment. Latino participation behind the camera declined year over year: directors fell to 4.7% in 2025, down from 7.6% in 2024, and screenwriters dropped to 1.5%, a sharp decline from 6% the prior year. This reinforces a broader pattern: visibility without authority does not translate into sustained progress.

8 Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

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EXCERPT

SOCIAL/CULTURAL COHESION

Television:

Visibility Improves, Authority Lags In

streaming

television,

Latino

representation

scripted and unscripted content remained uneven. Across 236 scripted streaming shows, Latino overall main-cast

representation

reached

9%,

resulting

in a –55.2% representation index. By comparison, White representation stood at 62% (+8.3% index) and Black

representation

reached

19%

(+41.4%

index),

demonstrating that parity has been achieved or exceeded for some groups but not for Latinos.

In broadcast television, gaps remain pronounced. Across 668 scripted broadcast episodes, Latinos would have

needed to direct more than 133 episodes to reach parity. Instead, they directed only 50 (7.5%, –62.6% index) and accounted for just 3.7% of showrunners (–81.5% index).

Main Cast Representation in Scripted Screaming Shows Comparison of representation levels in streaming television by demographic group 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 9%

62%

19%

Latinos

White

Black

Cable television, though representing a smaller share of production, reflects similar structural underrepresentation.

Audience Power and Strategic Implications This report measures representation as a census, not a sample, providing a much more comprehensive view of Latino participation across qualifying television and film projects. The data shows that U.S. Latinos remain the most underrepresented major demographic group in media, particularly in the roles that shape economic sustainability: leads, directors, writers, and showrunners. The findings do not suggest a lack of demand, talent, or opportunity. They reveal a gap in execution. Viewing choices, ticket purchases, completion rates, and brand investments increasingly determine what gets financed, renewed, and scaled. Latino audiences are already exercising this power. The strategic question for industry leaders is whether capital allocation, creative authority, and distribution strategy will align with the audiences already sustaining growth.

In the 2026 LDC Strategic Roadmap for the Entertainment Industry, we outlined a clear framework for operationalizing this alignment—integrating representation metrics into greenlight decisions,

advertising allocation, and performance dashboards. The experience of observing this industry over multiple cycles makes one point clear: alignment is not cultural rhetoric. It is a revenue strategy. The companies that operationalize this alignment will

define the next cycle of durable returns. Those that do not, risk continuing to misread the market that increasingly drives the industry forward.

9 Source: www2.claritas.com/Knowmore

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SOCIAL JUSTICE

CHAPTER 13 SOCIAL JUSTICE INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD

254 260

Social Justice Insights

SPECIAL FEATURE

Social Justice

Univision Communications presents The 2026 Latino Battleground

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SOCIAL JUSTICE

CHAPTER 13 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Social Justice Insights

Health Coverage by Insurance Type and Age Private Coverage (%)

Public Coverage (%)

Race/Ethnicity

Uninsured (%)

All

65% 60

55%

 Year

42%

All



24% 20

12% 5%

0–17

Age Group (Years)

18–64

Region

Renter Household Gross Rent Cost by Category 2024

Alabama

Colorado

Alaska

Connecticut

Arizona

Delaware

Arkansas

District of Columbia

California

Florida

10M

Under $600

$600-999

$1,000-1,399

$1,400-1,999

$2,000 and Over

Source: DATOS Interactive — Social Justice Dashboard

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET



SOCIAL JUSTICE

CHAPTER 13 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Social Justice Insights

Top 10 Inmate Offenses

U.S. S

2026

32% Drug Offenses

43%

30% 20%

Weapons, Explosives, Arson

22% 10%

Sex Offenses

14%

Burglary, Larceny, Propert…

Immigration

Extortion, Fraud, Bribery

Homicide, Aggravated As…

Robbery

Miscellaneous

Courts or Corrections

Category I prior h

U.S. Sentencing C

White 30%

Race - Other 4%

50%

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

Source: DATOS Interactive — Social Justice Dashboard

Hispanic or

SOCIAL JUSTICE

CHAPTER 13 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Social Justice Insights

U.S. Sentencing Commission Population Snapshot by Criminal History Category Sept. 2025 32% 30%

22% 20%

15% 11%

10%

11%

0% Category II

Category I (Little/no prior history)

Category III

Category IV

U.S. Sentencing Commission Population by Race/Ethnicity

Category V

Category VI (Extensive history)

U.S. Sentencing Commission Population by Citizenship

Sept. 2025

Sept. 2025 Non-U.S. Citizens 15%

Black or African American 35% White 30%

Race - Other 4% U.S. Citizens 85%

Hispanic or Latino 31%

Source: DATOS Total Access — Social Justice Dashboard

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SOCIAL JUSTICE

CHAPTER 13 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Social Justice Insights

Power BI Desktop

Education

Race/Ethnicity

Age

Citizenship

Incarceration Rate by Crime Type Under 21

21 to 25

26 to 30

31 to 35

36 to 40

41 to 50

51 to 60

Over 60

Administration of Justice Antitrust

Arson

Assault

Bribery/Corruption Burglary/Trespass

Child Pornography

Commercialized Vice Drug Possession

Drug Trafficking Environmental

Extortion/Racketeering Firearms

Food and Drug

Forgery/Counter/Copyright Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement Immigration

Individual Rights

Kidnapping

Manslaughter 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Source: DATOS Total Access — Social Justice Dashboard

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

100%

SOCIAL JUSTICE

CHAPTER 13 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Social Justice Insights

Power BI Desktop

Education

Race/Ethnicity

Age

Citizenship

Incarceration Rate by Crime Type US CITIZEN

NON-US CITIZEN

Administration of Justice Antitrust

Arson

Assault

Bribery/Corruption Burglary/Trespass

Child Pornography

Commercialized Vice Drug Possession

Drug Trafficking Environmental

Extortion/Racketeering Firearms

Food and Drug

Forgery/Counter/Copyright Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement Immigration

Individual Rights

Kidnapping

Manslaughter 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Source: DATOS Total Access — Social Justice Dashboard

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

100%

SOCIAL JUSTICE

CHAPTER 13 INTERACTIVE DASHBOARD Social Justice Insights

65% of People Taken by ICE had No Convictions, 93% had No Violent Convictions

ICE Book-Ins by Conviction Nonviolent Vice Other Traffic Violent

Immigration

None

Source: DATOS Total Access — Social Justice Dashboard

100%

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

SPECIAL FEATURE

SOCIAL JUSTICE COURTESY OF

The 2026 Latino Battleground A survey of 1,500 Latino registered voters in key battlegrounds districts, conducted August 6-17, 2026

Profile of Sample Gender

Age

Education

34% Women 54%

25%

Men 46%

18 to 34

35 to 49

Party ID

29% 21%

50 to 64

21%

65/older

2024 Vote

53%

51% 40%

34%

8% did not vote

2% IND

GOP

Harris

Trump

42%

Some college

20% 9%

4-year college grad Postgrad degree

Media Consumers

13%

DEM

High school grad/less

34% Spanish-language media consumers* 66% English-language media consumers

3rd Party

* Watch Spanish media regularly/occasionally AND watch media mostly in Spanish/both Spanish & English

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SPECIAL FEATURE

SOCIAL JUSTICE COURTESY OF

Geographic Profile of Sample

Texas

California

Southwest

Northeast

Florida

TX-23, TX-28, TX-35

CA-13, CA-22, CA-40, CA-48

AZ-02, AZ-06, NM-02, NV-01, CO-08

NY-17, PA-07, NJ-09

FL-14, FL-25

300

400

250

Interviews

Spanish-language media reaches a large portion of Latino voters in competitive congressional races.

• •

34%

53%

13%

Spanish-Language Media Consumers

Total Regular/Occasional Spanish-Language Media Viewers

Never Watch SpanishLanguage Media

Say they watch Spanish media occasionally OR regularly Say they consume media mostly in Spanish OR both Spanish and English

•

Say they watch Spanish media regularly (19%) OR occasionally (33%)

•

Say they never watch Spanish media

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THE STATE OF ARIZONA’S HISPANIC MARKET

SPECIAL FEATURE

SOCIAL JUSTICE COURTESY OF

Latino voters across the battlefield feel overlooked. Do you think most political candidates in your state pay too much attention, too little attention, or the right amount of attention to the interests and concerns of Hispanic or Latino voters? Too much attention

Right amount of attention

Too little attention

All Latino Voters

32%

57%

Spanish Media Consumers

10%

31%

57%

36%

California

11%

31%

56%

Southwest

10%

34%

54%

Northeast

10%

Florida

Texas

55%

31%

58%

28%

64%

Political communication in Spanish is important to Latinos and boosts favorability ratings for candidates. It matters to Latino voters broadly — not only to those who consume Spanish media. How would you feel towards a candidate conducting voter outreach in Spanish? Favorable

Say Spanish-language outreach is important

Unfavorable

Neither favorable nor unfavorable

55%

53% 39%

All Latino voters

Spanish-language media consumers

37%

64% 67%

All Latino Voters

Spanish-Language Media Consumers 6

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SPECIAL FEATURE

SOCIAL JUSTICE COURTESY OF

Democratic expansion in 2026 depends heavily on reaching voters who did not vote in the last midterm election, many of which consume Spanishlanguage media.

Among Latino Spanish-language media consumers who did not vote in 2022 Compared to previous midterm elections, are you more motivated to vote this year, less motivated to vote this year, or is your motivation to vote about the same as in previous midterm elections?

What are the chances that you will vote in the November general election for U.S. Senate and other offices?

Latino Spanish-language media consumers who did not vote in the 2022 midterm election:

85% 69%

60%

24%

10% Certain to vote

Probably will Chances are Will not vote vote 50-50

More motivated Less motivated Motivation is to vote to vote about the same

Supporting candidates who will fight against corruption and Trump’s policies are the strongest motivators to vote this November. Please tell me which TWO or THREE are the strongest reasons for voting in November’s elections for you personally. To support candidates that will fight against corruption in government To vote for candidates that will fight back against President Trump’s policies To exercise my right to vote and make my voice heard To make a change on issues that affect me and my family To keep fighting for our country even in times when it feels like we are on the wrong track To hold elected officials accountable

To represent my community and fight for the next generation To vote for candidates that will support President Trump’s policy agenda

All Latino Voters

31%

30%

29%

28%

54% 40% 35%

24%

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The State of the Battlefield: The political environment is favorable to Democrats and there are real opportunities to make gains with Latino voters across competitive districts.

Democrats are outperforming 2024 margins, including critical improvements with Spanish-language media consumers. In this year's election for U.S. Congress, are you more likely to vote for the DEM or GOP candidate in your district? Self-Reported 2024 Presidential Vote Harris

51%

Trump

2026 Generic Ballot

Neither/DNV

DEM 58%

+1 Trump

+11 Harris

45%

40%

46%

+23 DEM

GOP

Neither/NS 53%

39%

35%

10%

All Latino Voters

+14 DEM

7% All Latino Voters

Spanish Language Media Consumers

11% of 2024 Trump voters support the Democrat in the 2026 generic congressional ballot.

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Democrats are outperforming 2024 margins across each of the five regions though margins have shifted less in California compared to the others. 2024 Self-reported Presidential Vote

2026 Generic Trial Heat

Harris

Trump

Diff: Haris – Trump

Democratic candidate

Republican candidate

Diff: Dem – Rep candidate

All BG Voters

+11

+23

Texas

+20

California

+18

+24

Southwest

+21

Northeast

+26

+39

Florida

-1

+13

A generic 2026 Democratic candidate for Congress consolidates the Democratic vote and expands support with independents. 2024 Self-reported Presidential Vote

All BG Voters Spanish media consumers English media consumers Women Men Noncollege College+ 18-34 35-49 50-64 65+ Democrats Independents Republicans

2026 Generic Trial Heat

Harris

Trump

Diff: Harris – Trump

Democratic candidate

Republican candidate

51 45 53 53 47 48 56 52 48 49 53 82 44 4

40 46 37 38 42 41 37 38 40 43 39 8 39 89

+11 -1 +17 +15 +5 +7 +19 +14 +8 +5 +14 +74 +5 -85

58 53 61 60 56 56 63 62 58 53 56 96 47 4

35 39 32 32 38 36 31 31 35 37 38 2 27 89

Diff: Dem – Rep candidate +23 +14 +29 +28 +18 +20 +32 +31 +23 +16 +18 +94 +21 -85 12

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Three in five Latino voters disapprove of President Trump’s job as president, including 64% of independents. Do you approve or disapprove of the job Donald Trump is doing as president? Strongly Approve

Somewhat Approve

Somewhat Disapprove

Strongly Disapprove

63%

59%

41%

36% 15%

18%

57%

50%

23%

22%

Spanish-Language Media Consumers

All Latino Voters

Approve

Disapprove

DEM

IND

GOP

Texas

California

Southwest

Northeast

Florida

DNV 2022

63 13

On the key issues of costs and immigration, Trump is definitively underwater with Latino voters. Strongly Approve

Somewhat Approve

Somewhat Disapprove

Do you strongly approve, somewhat approve, somewhat disapprove, or strongly disapprove of the job Donald Trump is doing to bring down prices and lower the cost of living?

Do you strongly approve, somewhat approve, somewhat disapprove, or strongly disapprove of the Trump Administration on the issue of immigration enforcement and deportations?

65%

62%

38%

35% 16%

Strongly Disapprove

11%

58%

55%

27%

19%

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Key Issues and the Parties: Democrats have an edge over Republicans when it comes to key issue priorities and preferred candidate qualities, but this is primarily an indictment of Republicans rather than increased confidence in Democrats.

Democrats have the edge on standing up for Latinos, though 40% of independents see no difference between the parties. Which political party do you think does a better job standing up for the Hispanic or Latino community? Want candidates who stand up for the Hispanic community

82%

all Latino voters

87% Spanish-language media consumers

Democratic Party

Republican Party

No difference

92% 68% 57%

53%

26% 18%

45%

25%

17% 2%

All Latino Voters

40%

29%

Spanish-Language Media Consumers

DEM

15%

IND

6% GOP

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Trump and Republicans are underwater with Latino voters; feelings about the Democratic party are evenly split. Please tell me whether you have a favorable or unfavorable impression of the following public figures and organizations. Favorable The Republican Party

MAGA Republicans 64%

62%

Unfavorable Donald Trump 63%

59%

56%

The Democratic Party

59% 50% 49%

42%

37%

32%

All Latino Voters

SpanishLanguage Media Consumers

All Latino Voters

36%

SpanishLanguage Media Consumers

All Latino Voters

Democratic Socialists

49%

50%

40%

SpanishLanguage Media Consumers

All Latino Voters

SpanishLanguage Media Consumers

45%

52%

49%

All Latino Voters

40%

SpanishLanguage Media Consumers 17

Latino voters are more likely to vote for Democratic candidates this year, citing the impact of Trump and the Republicans’ policies as top reasons. Compared to recent elections, are you more likely or less likely to vote for the Democratic candidate?

More Likely

“The Democrats will actually fight Trump's policies. Republicans can see the mess he is making and still stand with him.” “After all the harm Trump and his administration have caused working families and everyday Americans, it's time we push for Democrats to help resolve the problems they have caused.”

Less Likely

93%

“There is no policy being proposed in the Republican-controlled House, Senate, or Executive that directly addresses any of the nation’s affordability problems in a serious and widespread way.”

90%

59%

50%

40%

“I don’t like their liberal ways of thinking. I am against most of the policies/beliefs they represent. Trump and the Republicans look out for America first, I am a US citizen living in my country and it is in my best interest for this country to thrive.”

42%

“[Democrats] don't seem to have real solutions anymore.”

All Latino Voters

DEM

“I left the Democratic party when they went socialist and opened our borders. We used to be a lawful party … Democrats need to put Americans first and not import problems. Take care of our Head Start, poor, American children before taking on foreigners.”

10%

6% IND

GOP 18

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Similarly, voters call out blind loyalty to Trump and corruption as reasons for being less likely to vote for Republicans this year. Compared to recent elections, are you more likely or less likely to vote for the Republican candidate?

More Likely

“Republicans, although not perfect, are not socialist/communist like the Democrats.” “The Democrat Party is focusing on the wrong things. They seem to support criminals, support illegals, and they do not stand for tax-paying citizens. It’s like they lost their identity.”

Less Likely

“The Democrat Party is losing what it used to stand for. The Democrat Party is not looking out for the American people.”

94%

85%

63%

“They don't care about people like me.”

61%

36%

“I feel they are not being independent of the president and representing their constituents. Instead, they are supporting an agenda that is not representative of the American people.”

30%

“Trump has shown that he does not follow through on his word, and Republicans won't call him out.”

15%

“Extensive corruption. No concerns for the working class. We're losing more rights than we've gained and everything is getting more and more expensive.”

5% All Latino Voters

DEM

IND

GOP

Inflation and the cost of living is the top priority for voters of all partisan stripes; Democrats and independents are also focused on the issue of corruption. Please tell me which two or three of the following will be top priorities for you in voting in this year’s elections. All Latino Voters Inflation and the cost of living

62%

Corruption

43%

Democrats

Independents

Republicans

ICE and immigration enforcement

38%

Healthcare

38%

Jobs and economic growth

35%

Crime and safety

21%

Border security

20%

Abortion and reproductive rights

18%

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When it comes to costs, the price of food and groceries tops the list of concerns across the battlefield. When it comes to the cost of living, which TWO concern you the most right now?

All Latino Voters

Food prices and the cost of groceries

58%

The cost of healthcare, including prescriptions

34%

The cost of housing and rent

34%

Gas prices

33%

The cost of utilities, including electricity

30% 11%

The cost of college and higher education

A plurality of voters, including independents, place blame for high prices on Trump’s policies on tariffs and the war. Which of the following, if any, do think is more to blame for high prices today?

The policies of President Trump on tariffs and the war

41%

Corrupt politicians that are focused on enriching themselves instead of lowering prices

32%

Big corporations being greedy and raising their prices to make more profit

Neither/Not sure

19%

Trump tariffs

Corrupt politicians

Big corporations

Neither/ NS

DEM

IND

GOP

Texas

California

Southwest

Northeast

Florida

Spanish media consumers

Top Issue: Inflation and costs

Top Issue: Corruption

5 22

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The environment is favorable for Democrats to present a better economic future. When it comes to addressing the cost of living and bringing down prices, who do you trust more? Democrats in Congress--a lot more Democrats in Congress--a little more Republicans in Congress--a little more Republicans in Congress--a lot more

62% 27%

Total Trust Republicans More

DEM

IND

GOP

DNV 2022

39%

Women

15%

Men

Noncollege

College+

Top Issue: Inflation and costs

58% 36%

26%

13% 35%

Total Trust Democrats More

23%

All Latino Voters

32%

24%

Spanish-language Media Consumers

When it comes to corruption, voters trust Democrats more than Republicans, but Spanish language consumers do so with more narrow margins. When it comes to addressing corruption in our government, who do you trust more?

Democrats in Congress--a lot more Democrats in Congress--a little more Republicans in Congress--a little more Republicans in Congress--a lot more

59% 26%

54% 39%

24%

13% 33%

26%

All Latino Voters

30%

44% 16%

27%

Spanish-language Media Consumers

Total Trust Democrats More

Total Trust Republicans More

DEM

IND

GOP

DNV 2022

Women

Men

Noncollege

College+

Top Issue: Corruption

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ICE is deeply unpopular with Democrats and with a large majority of independents. Please tell me whether you have a favorable or unfavorable impression of the following organizations.

ICE and immigration enforcement Favorable 64%

61%

36%

34%

All Latino Voters

Favorable

Unfavorable

DEM

IND

GOP

Texas

California

Southwest

Northeast

Florida

Unfavorable

Spanish-Language Media Consumers 25

Democratic candidates can position themselves persuasively on immigration vis-à-vis a Republican who backs Trump’s immigration actions. Which ONE of the following would you support in the upcoming November elections/is more in step with your way of thinking? A candidate who supports ICE and Trump's immigration policy A candidate who supports border patrol, border security, and reforming ICE*

A candidate who wants to stop ICE from going after immigrants who have not committed a crime**

68%

66% 33%

30%

DEM

IND

GOP

*Only asked to half of respondents **Only asked to half of respondents

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Persuasive Latino Outreach: Effective outreach to Latino voters must correctly name the problem facing the country and the antidote. This requires calling out high costs and rampant corruption in our government AND positioning our Democratic candidates as part of the solution by showing a commitment to putting country and people first over self-interest and corporate interests.

Lowering costs and taking on corruption are both important and are intertwined as two key elements of an overarching narrative about the challenges facing our country. Which of the following is more in step with your way of thinking? ■ A candidate who says we need to stand up to corrupt politicians who use public office to get rich and says we need to weed out corruption from our government so that it works for everyday Americans ■ A candidate who says we need to focus on bringing down the price of everyday essentials like gas, housing, groceries, and medications so that working families can get ahead and save for the future

All Latino Voters

Spanishlanguage Media Consumers

48%

44%

52%

55%

Voters who prioritize the issues of corruption and inflation are similarly split between candidates focused on corruption and costs, suggesting these two issues are interrelated.

Corruption candidate %

Lower costs candidate %

Top Issue: Corruption

Top Issue: Inflation and costs

■ Not sure 28

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There is a strong desire for candidates who put country and people first. Most important qualities for you personally when voting in the upcoming November elections

58%

Putting the country’s best interests ahead of their own political interests 45%

Putting everyday Americans ahead of big corporations 40%

Being honest and telling the truth

38%

Being independent-minded and not afraid to do what’s right 32%

Being effective, and getting things done 21%

Valuing hard work and the American Dream

18%

Being humble and treating others with respect

16%

Having good family values

Democrats are perceived to be better than Republicans on key qualities, yet there is room to grow--neither party secures majority advantages on any of the qualities we tested. Who would be better on each quality that people might care about when voting for Congress? Democrats

Both

Neither/Not sure

Republicans

27%

28%

+14

24%

+23

24%

+18

27%

+19

30%

+13

+25

+12

Putting the country’s best interests ahead of their own political interests Putting everyday Americans ahead of big corporations

43%

Being honest and telling the truth

42%

31%

Being independent-minded and not afraid to do what’s right

46%

23%

Being effective, and getting things done

Valuing hard work and the American Dream Being humble and treating others with respect Having good family values

47%

39% 46%

26%

27% 6% 5%

50% 44%

Most Important quality %

Net DEM advantage

15% 20% 16%

32% 25% 31%

Horiz (on w bette for Q impo impo okay To be 30

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