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Genes can mutate to form similar proteins to the original protein, a totally different functional protein, or a totally non-functional protein. A gene that codes for a non-functional protein is called a pseudogene.
Quiz 1. Which nucleotide on DNA usually hydrogen bonds with the adenine nucleotide? a. Thymine b. Guanosine c. Cytosine d. Uracil Answer: a. It is usually the thymine molecule that bonds with the adenine nucleotide in a hydrogen bond to create an adenine-thymine bond. 2. About how many tons of carbon atoms are made up from human DNA in the world? a. One ton b. Two tons c. Three tons d. Four tons Answer: d. About four tons of carbon atoms in the world come from human DNA alone. 3. About what percentage of human DNA strands are not encoded for any protein? a. Fifty percent b. Seventy percent c. Eighty percent d. Ninety-eight percent Answer: d. About 98 percent of all DNA in the world is not actually encoded into any type of protein. The rest have no known purpose or are used in regulation. 4. What type of protein is found in the nucleus of DNA in eukaryotes that isn’t found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes? a. RNA polymerase b. Histone proteins c. DNA polymerase d. Transcriptase proteins Answer: b. Histone proteins are found in the nucleus of eukaryotes in order to condense the DNA and to decide which DNA segments get transcribed. These types of proteins are unnecessary in prokaryotes.
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