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DECEMBER 19-25, 2025 Volume 19 - No.51 • 16 Pages

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Unprogrammed funds restored as bicameral DATELINE USA panel adopts House version of 2026 budget FROM THE AJPRESS NEWS TEAM ACROSS AMERICA

Tax refunds in 2026 reflect post-pandemic rules; no $2,000 payment authorized

by AJPRESS MANILA — The bicameral conference committee reconciling the House of Representatives and Senate versions of the 2026 national budget restored unprogrammed appropriations to more than P243 billion, largely adopting the House version despite

earlier assurances from senators that the amount would be significantly reduced. The House-approved version of the proposed P6.7-trillion General Appropriations Act set unprogrammed appropriations at P243.22 billion. In contrast, the Senate version passed earlier cut the amount to P174.55 billion, trimming P68.66 billion in

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Alex Eala wins SEA Games tennis gold, ends long drought for PH

Here’s what taxpayers should expect from tax refunds arriving in 2026, including the status of the proposed $2,000 payment discussed by President Trump TAX refunds issued in 2026 will reflect a federal tax system that has largely returned to its pre-pandemic baseline. Inflation indexing remains in place, but the emergency credits and stimulus-driven provisions that shaped refunds earlier in the decade are no longer part of current law. The result is a filing season defined by normalization rather than relief, with refund outcomes driven primarily by withholding accuracy and long-standing statutory provisions. Emergency tax provisions have expired

what senators described as an effort to curb discretionary spending and tighten fiscal controls. Following closed-door deliberations, the bicameral conference committee reconciled the differing versions by restoring the House figure, effectively reversing the Senate’s re-

by AJPRESS

TRADITION STARTS. Hundreds attend the first Simbang Gabi (Dawn Mass) of 2025 at St. Peter Parish: Shrine of Leaders in Commonwealth, Quezon City on Tuesday (Dec. 16). Also known as Misa de Gallo or Dawn Masses, the nine-day novena dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary may also start Dec. 15 as Anticipated Mass. PNA photo by Joan Bondoc

NONTHABURI, Thailand — Filipino tennis player Alexandra “Alex” Eala captured the women’s singles gold medalat the 33rd Southeast Asian Games, defeating Thailand’s Mananchaya Sawangkaew in straight sets, 6–1, 6–2, in the final held at the National Tennis Development Center in Nonthaburi, just outside Bangkok. The victory marked the Philippines’ first women’s singles tennis gold at the SEA Games in 26 years, ending a drought that dated back to 1999. Eala, one of Southeast Asia’s highest-ranked

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Bicam restores OVP budget Lucio Co group to acquire Villar- Bondi attack investigation to P889 million, undoing owned PrimeWater in full buyout focuses on Islamic State House cut over Sara's snub ideology and suspects’ by AJP by CRISTINA CHI Philstar.com

MANILA — The bicameral conference committee restored the Office of the Vice President’s proposed P889 million budget for 2026, reversing a House-approved cut imposed after Vice President Sara Duterte declined to personally defend her office’s spending during plenary deliberations. The amount approved by the bicam panel late Tuesday, December 17, matches the figure

in the National Expenditure Program for 2026 and scraps the P733 million version passed earlier by the House of Representatives. The House cut of about P156 million was explicitly linked to Duterte’s repeated refusal to face lawmakers during budget deliberations, which supporters—including opposition figure Rep. Leila de Lima (Mamamayang Liberal party-list) said was meant to enforce accountability rather

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RESS

MANILA — The Villar family has agreed to sell 100 percent of PrimeWater Infrastructure Corp. to Crystal Bridges Holding Corp., an investment vehicle of the Lucio Co group, transferring full ownership of the water utility company to the retail-led conglomerate. The transaction, disclosed Tuesday, covers PrimeWater’s entire portfolio of water supply, wastewater, septage, and bulk water operations across the Philippines. Financial terms were

not disclosed, and the companies did not announce a closing date. PrimeWater was founded and owned by the Villar family, one of the Philippines’ most prominent business families, with interests spanning real estate, retail, and infrastructure. The sale marks the family’s divestment from the water utility sector. PrimeWater’s operations PrimeWater operates water and wastewater systems nationwide, primarily through joint venture agreements with local

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travel to Mindanao by AJPRESS

SYDNEY, Australia — Australian authorities investigating the mass shooting at a Jewish community gathering at Sydney’s Bondi Beach said evidence gathered so far indicates the two suspects were motivated by Islamic State ideology and had traveled to the Philippines weeks before the attack, according to official statements and immigration records confirmed by Philippine authorities. The December 14 attack killed 15 people

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From the Front Page Unprogrammed funds restored... Lucio Co group to acquire Villar-owned PrimeWater... PAGE 1 duction. Unprogrammed appropriations are budgetary items included in the national spending plan without specific project allocations at the time of enactment. Under existing budget laws and Department of Budget and Management rules, these funds may only be released if certain conditions are met, such as the availability of excess revenues, additional borrowings, or foreign grants. The size and role of unprogrammed appropriations have long been a recurring issue in Philippine budget debates. Critics argue that large unprogrammed funds reduce transparency and al-

low spending decisions to be made after the budget has been approved by Congress. Budget reform advocates have repeatedly called for stricter limits or the removal of such items from the national budget. Supporters, including some members of the House leadership, have countered that unprogrammed appropriations provide fiscal flexibility, allowing the government to respond to unforeseen needs or to finance projects that depend on revenue performance later in the fiscal year. They note that releases remain subject to legal conditions and executive certification. The bicameral committee’s action comes after

weeks of public debate over the structure of the 2026 budget, particularly provisions governing discretionary funds. Senators who had earlier pushed for deeper cuts to unprogrammed appropriations said their intent was to align spending more closely with confirmed revenues. With the bicameral process completed, the reconciled budget measure is expected to be ratified by both the House and the Senate before being transmitted to the President for approval. Once signed into law, the 2026 national budget is scheduled to take effect on January 1, 2026, barring a veto or further legislative action. n

Bondi attack investigation focuses on... PAGE 1 and wounded dozens, making it one of Australia’s deadliest mass shootings in decades. New South Wales Police have classified the incident as terrorism based on the nature of the target and evidence recovered during the investigation. One suspect, a 50-yearold man, was shot and killed by police at the scene. His 24-year-old son remains hospitalized under police guard. Authorities have not announced formal charges as of publication. Investigators cite ideological indicators recovered at the scene Australian counterterrorism officials said investigators recovered two homemade flags associated with the Islamic State militant group from a vehicle linked to the suspects, along with improvised explosive devices that were not detonated. Police said these findings informed their assessment that the attack was ideologically motivated. Officials emphasized that the investigation remains ongoing and that conclusions could evolve as forensic analysis and intelligence reviews continue. Australian media, citing law enforcement and security sources, reported that the younger suspect had previously come to the attention of Australia’s domestic intelligence agency in 2019 in connection with extremist associations, though he was not assessed at the time as

An aerial view of Bondi Beach in Sydney, where Australian authorities are investigating a deadly December 14 attack classified as terrorism. Photo courtesy of Nick Ang / Own work (CC BY-SA 4.0)

posing an imminent threat. Philippine immigration records confirm pre-attack travel to Mindanao Philippine Bureau of Immigration officials confirmed that the two men entered the Philippines on November 1, arriving from Sydney and transiting through Manila before traveling to Davao City on the southern island of Mindanao. Immigration records show they departed the country on November 28, returning to Australia. According to Philippine authorities, the father traveled using an Indian passport, while the son traveled on an Australian passport. Officials said both entered and exited the country through regular immigration channels. Purpose of the Philippines trip remains under review Security officials in both Australia and the Philippines said they are still determining the purpose of the suspects’ visit to Mindanao. Authorities have not publicly confirmed

whether the men met with extremist groups, underwent training, or traveled beyond Davao City during their stay. Philippine military and law enforcement agencies said they are coordinating with immigration officials and foreign counterparts as part of standard information-sharing procedures related to transnational terrorism investigations. Regional extremist history provides context, not attribution Mindanao has experienced periodic militant activity over the past decade, including the 2017 siege of Marawi by Islamic State-aligned groups. Philippine forces regained control of the city after months of fighting. Officials cautioned that the suspects’ presence in the region does not, by itself, establish contact with militant organizations, and that historical context should not be conflated with specific allegations absent evidence. n

PAGE 1 water districts. Over the past decade, the company has expanded its footprint across provincial and urbanizing areas. Based on figures cited in business reporting, PrimeWater serves more than 1.7 million households and delivers approximately 500 million liters of water per day through partnerships with dozens of local water districts and local government units. These figures are drawn from company disclosures referenced in prior coverage. Under the agreement, control of these operations will transfer to Crystal Bridges Holding Corp., subject to customary closing conditions. The Villar family The Villar family is led by Manuel “Manny” Villar Jr., a former Senate president and founder of Vista Land & Lifescapes, one of the country’s largest residential real estate developers. His wife, Sen. Cynthia Aguilar Villar, has served multiple terms in Congress, while their son, Mark Aguilar Villar, previously served as secretary of public works and highways and later as a

Left to right: Manuel “Manny” Villar Jr., founder of PrimeWater Infrastructure Corp. and Lucio Co, founder and chair of Puregold Price Club Inc. File photos

senator. Through their business group, the Villars have built a diversified portfolio that includes residential real estate, retail, lifestyle brands, and infrastructure-related ventures. PrimeWater was established as part of that broader business expansion. The buyer: Lucio Co group The buyer, Lucio Co, is the founder and chair of Puregold Price Club Inc., one of the Philippines’ largest supermarket chains, and a key investor in S&R Membership Shopping, a warehouse-style retail brand. Through listed affiliates such as Cosco Capital Inc. and The Keepers Holdings Inc., the Lucio Co group has interests in retail,

liquor distribution, real estate, banking, and other consumer-focused sectors. The acquisition of PrimeWater represents an expansion of the group’s investments into water utility operations. Ownership transition The companies did not disclose whether PrimeWater’s existing management team would remain in place following the transaction, nor did they outline operational changes. No timetable was provided for regulatory approvals or completion. The deal concludes the Villar family’s ownership of PrimeWater and positions the Lucio Co group as the new owner of one of the country’s largest private-sector water utility operators. n

Bicam restores OVP budget to P889 million... PAGE 1 than cripple the office. Duterte initially skipped the House's first two committee-level hearings of the OVP's budget. She eventually appeared in September, but she was not questioned about her office's budget as lawmakers chose to extend the controversial "parliamentary courtesy" reserved for the country's top officials. De Lima, who moved for the reduction during plenary debates in October, expressed frustration at the time over Duterte’s absence, which she said was “an insult” to Congress and a rejection of her duty to explain how her office uses public funds. The lawmaker had pointed out that Duterte chose to attend the Senate's plenary deliberations of her office's budget even as she was not required to do so. The House majority adopted de Lima’s amendment, keeping the OVP budget at P733 million, roughly its 2025 level. As it turns out, however,

Vice President Sara Duterte attends the House appropriations committee's deliberations of the Office of the Vice President's proposed 2026 budget, Sept. 16, 2025. Philstar.com / Dominique Nicole Flores

this decision would not survive the bicameral process. By restoring the P889 million allocation late Tuesday, the bicam panel set aside the House-imposed penalty and adopted the executive’s original 2026 budget proposal for the OVP. The bicameral conference committee reconciles differ-

ing versions of the proposed national budget passed separately by the House and the Senate. Its report, once ratified by both chambers, becomes the basis of the final General Appropriations Act. A statement from the OVP was not immediately available. This article will be updated with their response. n

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Tax refunds in 2026 reflect post-pandemic... States sue to block Trump administration’s $100,000 H-1B visa fee A COALITION of 20 U.S. states, led by California, has filed a federal lawsuit seeking to block the Trump administration’s decision to impose a $100,000 fee on new H-1B visa petitions, arguing the policy exceeds executive authority, violates federal law, and threatens access to skilled workers across key sectors of the economy. The lawsuit was filed on December 12, 2025, in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts, with California Attorney General Rob Bonta serving as lead plaintiff and coordinating the multistate legal challenge. Administration orders unprecedented increase in visa filing costs The case challenges a presidential proclamation issued September 19, 2025, directing the Department of Homeland Security to implement a six-figure fee for employers filing initial H-1B visa petitions. Historically, total H-1B filing fees — including statutory assessments and fraud prevention charges — have ranged from approximately $960 to $7,595, depending on employer size and petition type. No prior administration has imposed a six-figure fee tied to a single visa petition. Congress created the H-1B program to meet specialized labor needs The H-1B visa program, established under the Immigration Act of 1990, allows U.S. employers to hire foreign professionals in specialty occupations requiring at least a

bachelor’s degree or equivalent expertise. H-1B workers are commonly employed in technology, healthcare, higher education, scientific research, and public education — sectors that states say already face persistent labor shortages. States argue fee exceeds authority delegated by federal law In their complaint, the states argue that federal law limits visa fees to amounts reasonably related to the cost of administering immigration programs. They contend the $100,000 charge functions as a policy barrier rather than an administrative fee and therefore exceeds authority granted by Congress. The lawsuit also alleges violations of the Administrative Procedure Act, asserting the fee was imposed without required notice-and-comment rulemaking. Public employers warn of impact on education and healthcare The states argue the fee would disproportionately affect public schools, state universities, teaching hospitals, and nonprofit institutions, which rely on H-1B professionals but lack the financial capacity to absorb six-figure petition costs. According to the complaint, the policy could worsen shortages in healthcare, special education, and research positions, particularly in underserved communities. Twenty-state coalition joins challenge in federal court Joining California in the

lawsuit are Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin. The states argue that the nationwide scope of the policy justifies multistate action and reflects broad economic and workforce implications across regions. Administration defends fee as immigration reform measure The Trump administration has defended the fee as a lawful reform intended to deter misuse of the H-1B program and encourage employers to prioritize domestic hiring. Federal officials maintain the Department of Homeland Security acted within its delegated authority. Parallel lawsuits filed by business groups The states’ lawsuit follows separate legal challenges filed by business organizations, including the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, raising similar objections regarding statutory authority and administrative procedure. Court to decide whether fee can take effect The federal court will determine whether to temporarily block the fee while litigation proceeds. No hearing date has yet been announced. Until a ruling is issued, employers, universities, and healthcare systems nationwide remain uncertain whether the new fee will take effect. (AJPress)

PARADE OF STARS. The float of the movie Manila's Finest, one of the eight entries to the 51st Metro Manila Film Festival, makes its way from Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard in Pasay City to Buendia Avenue in Makati City on Friday, Dec. 19, 2025. The movie is a crime thriller topbilled by actors Piolo Pascual and Enrique Gil. PNA photo by Avito Dalan

PAGE 1 All federal tax measures enacted under COVID-19 emergency legislation have sunset. There will be no stimulus-related credits, no retroactive rebate claims, and no temporary expansions of refundable credits. The Recovery Rebate Credit, which allowed taxpayers to claim missed stimulus payments in prior years, is no longer available. Expanded versions of the Child Tax Credit and Earned Income Tax Credit enacted earlier in the decade have also lapsed. Federal tax agencies have warned taxpayers against online claims suggesting additional stimulus-linked refunds remain accessible. Inflation indexing continues, with limited impact Under existing law, the IRS will continue to adjust tax brackets, the standard deduction, and income thresholds for certain credits to account for inflation. These annual adjustments are intended to prevent inflation from increasing effective tax rates in real terms. While they may modestly reduce taxable income for some filers, they are not designed to produce large increases in refund amounts. Final inflation-adjusted figures affecting 2026 refunds are expected to be announced

ahead of the filing season. Withholding accuracy becomes decisive With temporary credits no longer available, refund outcomes will depend more directly on payroll withholding during the year. Taxpayers whose withholding closely matched their tax liability may see smaller refunds or none at all. Those who under-withheld may owe additional taxes. Larger refunds, where they occur, generally reflect over-withholding rather than new tax benefits. The IRS continues to advise taxpayers to review Form W-4 settings following major life changes such as job transitions, marital status changes, or the addition of dependents. Child Tax Credit remains unchanged Absent legislative action, the Child Tax Credit remains capped at up to $2,000 per qualifying child, with partial refundability and income-based phaseouts. Although proposals to expand the credit have circulated in Congress, no permanent changes affecting refunds issued in 2026 have been enacted. The status of the $2,000 payment discussed by President Trump President Donald Trump has repeatedly referenced a

potential $2,000 payment, often described as a “tariff dividend” funded by revenue from import tariffs. As of now, no such payment has been authorized by Congress or implemented by the IRS. There is no statute, appropriation, eligibility framework, or payment schedule directing the Treasury or IRS to issue a $2,000 refund or rebate in 2025 or 2026. Treasury officials and independent budget analysts have characterized the proposal as a policy idea rather than an enacted program. Any such payment would require new legislation approved by Congress and signed into law. Until that occurs, the proposal does not affect tax refunds or filing outcomes. A return to predictable refund patterns Refunds issued in 2026 will reflect a tax system no longer shaped by crisis-era interventions. Inflation adjustments may offer limited relief, but the unusually large refunds seen earlier in the decade were tied to temporary programs that have expired. For most taxpayers, refunds will be smaller, more predictable, and more closely aligned with withholding decisions made throughout the year. (AJPress)

Alex Eala wins SEA Games tennis gold... PAGE 1 players on the global professional circuit, controlled the match from the outset. She broke serve early in the opening set and maintained consistent pressure through the baseline exchanges, limiting unforced errors and dictating pace throughout the contest. The final concluded in just over an hour, with the Filipino player closing out the second set without facing serious resistance. With the win, Eala became only the third Filipina to claim SEA Games women’s singles gold, joining Pia Tamayo, who won in 1981, and Maricris Fernandez, who last delivered the title for the Philippines in 1999. The gold medal is Eala’s first SEA Games championship, improving on her previous appearances in the regional meet, where she had earned bronze medals in earlier editions. Her performance in Thailand capped a strong tournament run in which she advanced through the draw without dropping a set.

Alex Eala’s victory marked the Philippines’ first women’s singles tennis gold at the SEA Games in 26 years, ending a drought that dated back to 1999. Photo from Instagram/@alex.eala

Eala’s SEA Games success comes amid a breakthrough year on the international tour. In 2025, she reached a career-high Women’s Tennis Association (WTA) singles ranking inside the world’s top 50, becoming the highest-ranked Filipino player in the modern era of professional tennis. While SEA Games results do not carry WTA ranking points, the tournament remains a significant benchmark for national programs in Southeast Asia. Beyond the singles event, Eala also competed in other tennis disciplines during

the Games, contributing to the Philippines’ overall medal count, including a bronze medal in mixed doubles. The SEA Games, held from December 9 to 20, brought together athletes from across Southeast Asia in one of the region’s largest multi-sport events. For the Philippine delegation, Eala’s gold medal was among the standout results in the tennis competition and a rare return to the top step of the podium in a discipline where the country has seen limited success in recent decades. n

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Judgment changes may precede memory loss in early Alzheimer’s, health agencies say Health officials say impaired decision-making and poor judgment can appear before memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease, underscoring the need to distinguish isolated mistakes from persistent patterns that affect daily life by AJPress ALZHEIMER’S disease is commonly associated with memory failure, the missed appointment, the forgotten name, the familiar story retold. Yet federal health agencies and medical experts increasingly emphasize that the earliest signs of the disease may be less visible and more easily dismissed. In some people, the first noticeable change is not forgetfulness but a shift in judgment, a departure from long-standing habits of reasoning, risk assessment, or decision-making. Public health authorities now routinely include impaired judgment among the early warning signs of Alzheimer’s and related dementias. The guidance reflects a growing recognition that cognitive decline does not unfold in a single sequence and that memory loss, while central, is not always the

first symptom to emerge. How health agencies describe judgment impairment Judgment, in clinical terms, refers to the ability to evaluate situations, anticipate consequences, and make decisions that align with personal history and social norms. The National Institute on Aging identifies poor judgment as a potential early indicator of Alzheimer’s, noting that changes in reasoning and decision-making can precede more obvious memory problems. The Alzheimer’s Association similarly lists impaired judgment and decision-making among its early warning signs. It points to behaviors such as unusual financial decisions, difficulty managing money, or choices that diverge sharply from an individual’s established values and patterns. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention de-

fines dementia as a condition that affects memory, thinking, and decision-making in ways that interfere with daily life. Judgment, the agency notes, is among the cognitive functions that may be affected, sometimes early in the disease process. Why decision-making can change before memory Neurologists stress that Alzheimer’s disease does not damage the brain uniformly or all at once. While memory-related regions are often affected, the disease can also disrupt neural networks responsible for planning, self-monitoring, and risk evaluation. As a result, some individuals first experience difficulty weighing consequences, recognizing unsafe choices, or managing complex decisions, even as their ability to recall names or events appears largely intact. These changes are often subtle and may be more apparent to family members or col-

leagues than to the individual experiencing them. The difference between ordinary mistakes and warning signs Health agencies caution against conflating everyday lapses with signs of dementia. Poor judgment can occur in anyone facing stress, fatigue, illness, grief, or financial pressure. An impulsive purchase or a single ill-considered decision is not, by itself, evidence of cognitive disease. Clinicians instead look for patterns that suggest decline rather than circumstance. These include repeated decisions that are out of character, a progressive worsening over time, or consequences that affect safety, finances, employment, or personal relationships. When judgment changes occur alongside other cognitive or behavioral shifts, medical evaluation becomes more appropriate. The CDC notes that dementia symptoms vary widely, re-

inforcing the importance of context and trajectory rather than isolated incidents. What evaluation typically includes When concerns arise, health agencies recommend professional assessment rather than self-diagnosis. A clinical evaluation often involves a review of medical history, medications, sleep habits, and mental health, along with brief cognitive testing. Clinicians also assess for reversible contributors such as depression, thyroid disease, vitamin deficiencies, sleep disorders, or medication side effects, all of which can impair judgment. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force does not recommend routine cognitive screening for adults without symptoms, citing insufficient evidence. It draws a clear distinction, however, between population screening and evaluation prompted by observed changes or

concerns raised by patients, families, or clinicians. Why early recognition matters Although Alzheimer’s disease remains incurable, early recognition can provide tangible benefits. It allows individuals and families to identify treatable conditions, plan for future care, address financial and legal matters, and access support services sooner. It can also reduce uncertainty by clarifying whether observed changes stem from neurodegenerative disease or other medical causes. Health officials emphasize that Alzheimer’s is not defined by a single symptom. Changes in judgment are one possible early signal, not a diagnosis. The central message, they say, is vigilance without alarm, recognizing when shifts in behavior reflect the pressures of daily life and when they may warrant professional attention. n

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OPINION

When oversight has no teeth: Why the ICI must give way to a permanent institution

FeATUres

THE Independent Commission for Infrastructure, or ICI, was created in response to mounting public concern over alleged irregularities in flood control spending. The issue cuts across administrations, agencies, and contractor networks. The commission was assembled quickly, staffed with respected figures, and tasked with examining a system that channels billions of pesos in public funds. As the commission nears the end of its work, a central lesson has become unavoidable. The ICI was never designed to match the scale or permanence of the problem it was asked to confront. This is not a judgment on the integrity or competence of its members. It is a judgment on institutional design. A recurring pattern in Philippine governance Philippine political history is marked by investigative bodies formed in moments of cri-

sis. These commissions often perform valuable fact finding, but they share predictable limitations. They are temporary, dependent on voluntary cooperation, and constrained by the absence of coercive powers. The pattern is well established. The Agrava Board, formed in the aftermath of the 1983 assassination of Senator Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr., was intended to establish the truth behind a national trauma that shook public confidence in the state. It produced a detailed factual record and identified those believed

Editorial

Flea Market of Ideas JOEL RUIZ BUTUYAN HOW will President Marcos deal with the push and pull of angry political forces as we enter a new year? First, there is an enraged citizenry demanding the prompt prosecution of public officials involved in massive corruption. Second, there is the throng of disgruntled lawmakers who will threaten the President’s grip on power if they are stripped of their shady privileges. Third, there are the wrathful

The opposing political forces in 2026 pro-Duterte supporters who are constantly looking for ways to oust the President. The first group is the enraged citizenry—consisting of the Catholic Church, civil society organizations, student groups, left-leaning alliances, and business associations— who are showing impatience with what they perceive to be a dragging investigation and prosecution of those involved in outrageous corruption in flood control and other public works projects. They are furiously demanding a permanent stop to lawmakers’ pork barrel allocations in infrastructure

projects and an end to the necessity of legislators’ endorsements for the people’s access to free health care. They are also demanding full transparency and public access to budget deliberations and public bidding processes in public works projects. This first group of enraged citizenry has two subgroups, though, with one subgroup not hesitating to call for accountability all the way to the President, while the other subgroup wants to temporarily suspend judgment on the president because doing otherwise will unPAGE 7

ManilaTimes.net photo

responsible, but it operated under severe political constraints that limited how its findings were enforced. The Melo Commission, created in 2006 to investigate a wave of extrajudicial killings,

Demand and supply Boo Chanco

“HOW can a supposedly Christian country,” a taipan asked me, “allow its culture to be so permeated by corruption?” The taipan sounded dismayed and worried about how foreign investors look at us. The taipan then said we are fake Christians, that’s our problem. He blames our Christian churches for their failure to properly teach the basic tenets of the Christian faith. Look at something basic, he

sought to document abuses and recommend institutional reforms. While it succeeded in laying out patterns and concerns, it lacked subpoena power, allowing key witnesses to dePAGE 7

Pinoy Christianity and corruption said… sin. The God we claim to worship hates sin. Psalm 5:4 says “O God, you take no pleasure in wickedness; you cannot tolerate the sins of the wicked.” Sin caused Adam and Eve to be thrown out of Eden and suffer the consequence of death. Yet, the taipan said, we do not take sin seriously. We don’t think hell is real. A UP sociologist, Prince Kennex Aldama, writing in the Inquirer observed: “Ours is a nation of faith yet also a nation haunted by dishonesty, patronage and moral compromise. Every Sunday, millions of Filipinos attend Mass, pray for grace

and seek divine guidance. Yet on Monday, the same society tolerates deception, favoritism and abuses of power as if they were part of ordinary life.” If we took our Christianity seriously, we should know sin leads to death (spiritual and physical) (Romans 6:23) and separation from God (Isaiah 59:2). Good for us, God offers forgiveness and restoration through confession (1 John 1:9). The taipan asked me, is public repentance enough? The taipan pointed out the story of Zacchaeus, the tax PAGE 7

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When oversight has no teeth...

cline participation and leaving its recommendations dependent on follow through by other institutions. The Truth Commission, established in 2010 to investigate allegations of large scale corruption in the previous administration, was intended to provide a comprehensive accounting of past abuses. It never began its work. The Supreme Court struck it down, ruling that an executive created commission could not perform functions that required a clear statutory and constitutional foundation. Together, these experiences point to a consistent conclusion. Commissions formed to respond to national crises can clarify facts, but without legal authority and permanence, they struggle to translate truth into accountability. The ICI followed this lin-

eage. Created by administrative action, it had no subpoena authority, no power to compel testimony, and no guarantee of continuity. Its work depended on cooperation from the very institutions under scrutiny. The resignation of former public works secretary Rogelio “Babes” Singson made this limitation unmistakable. Experience and technical expertise could not substitute for legal authority. The U.S. parallel: when oversight is built for resistance, not cooperation The Philippines is not alone in grappling with these dilemmas. Democratic systems that succeed at large scale investigations do so because they ground oversight in law, continuity, and independence, not expediency. The United States is instructive. The 9/11 Commission

(2002 to 2004) Created by an act of Congress, the commission had full subpoena power, independent investigators, and bipartisan legitimacy. Federal agencies could not refuse cooperation. Its final report reshaped U.S. national security policy and led to the creation of a new intelligence structure. Its authority came from statute, not executive goodwill. The Watergate investigations (1973 to 1974) A Senate Select Committee with subpoena power operated alongside a Special Prosecutor shielded from political interference. When the executive branch attempted to obstruct the probe, the courts intervened to protect investigative independence. The result was accountability, reform, and enduring historical clarity. PAGE 8

The opposing political forces... PAGE 6 wittingly help Vice President Sara Duterte become president in 2028, which to them will be even more disastrous for our country. The second group, consisting of disgruntled lawmakers, is threatening to oust House Speaker Faustino Dy III and Majority Leader Sandro Marcos if their pork barrel allocations in next year’s budget are not granted, according to Sen. Panfilo Lacson. This is notwithstanding the fact that the president’s draft national budget for 2026 still incorporates pork barrel funds for public works projects and still maintains the need for public officials’ endorsements for access to free health care, albeit apparently at decreased levels. This group of disgruntled lawmakers will foreseeably threaten to withhold support for any attempt by the ruling government to impeach VP Sara in 2026, unless their pork barrel allocations and other questionable privileges are maintained. With regard to the third group consisting of pro-Duterte forces, they’re equally voicing angry protests against the corruption scandal in public works projects. Their difference with the first group is that they selectively protest against officials identified with the Marcos administration, but they’re eerily silent on officials identified with the Duterte camp, even if they equally have their hands dirtied by

corruption. Mr. Marcos will have to navigate his way in the midst of these three opposing political forces as he enters 2026, which is the most crucial year of his presidency. Depending on how he handles and responds to the pressures of the three forces, he will either become a lame duck president or be viewed as a valuable ally in 2027, when our country will already be so absorbed in the choice of his successor. The first group is pushing the President to practice politics based on moral or principled considerations. The lawmakers are pressuring the President to engage in realpolitik, or the practice of politics based on practical considerations. The pro-Duterte forces are forcing the President to engage in a tit for tat of fair and foul means to neutralize each other. The Marcos administration and the pro-Duterte forces are competing for the allegiance of military and police forces, and they’re engaged in a war of attrition in controlling the narrative in cyberspace. The Marcos and Duterte camps will also be fighting for the support of lawmakers who want to preserve the status quo of political dynasties and the perpetuation of lawmakers’ dubious privileges. But not to be discounted is the fact that Mr. Marcos will continue to wield the formidable powers of the presidency, and the vast resources of government

will remain at his disposal to support or counter the pressures of any of the opposing forces. The problem with the first group is that their interest, attention, and fury will wane in the course of time because of disillusionment, apathy, or shifting attention. The first group is also susceptible to splintering into squabbling factions, causing their influence to dwindle. In contrast, disgruntled lawmakers and pro-Duterte forces will doggedly pursue their agenda unceasingly. There’s also the stark danger that disgruntled lawmakers and pro-Duterte forces will form an unholy alliance in support of their amoral objectives. This is the political landscape that our country faces in the new year. In the end, barring insurmountable pressure from any of the opposing forces, the most compelling considerations that will influence the President’s decisions, and which will inevitably shape our country’s direction until 2028, will be the survival of his presidency and the protection of his family when he surrenders sovereign powers. (Inquirer. net) *** The opinions, beliefs and viewpoints expressed by the author do not necessarily reflect the opinions, beliefs and viewpoints of the Asian Journal, its management, editorial board and staff.

*** Comments to fleamarketofideas@ gmail.com

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BEMEDALLED. Senators led by Senate President Vicente Sotto III pose for a photo with Filipina Olympic swimmer Kayla Sanchez (2nd row, 6th from left) on Wednesday (Dec. 17, 2025). The Senate adopted Resolution 205 commending Sanchez for her eightmedal haul in the 2025 Southeast Asian Games in Thailand. PNA photo by Avito Dalan

Pinoy Christianity and corruption...

PAGE 6

collector, who repented and promised Jesus he would pay back four times the amount he had cheated people (Luke 19:1-10). So, the taipan said, it is not enough for the corrupt who stole from the national treasury to say they are sorry. They must return what they stole. Everything. Up to the last centavo. The Bible teaches us that the consequences of sin are severe. Unforgiven sin results in eternal punishment in the “lake of fire,” described as the second death (Revelation). These corrupt officials may escape accountability under our corrupt justice system but will not escape God’s justice. God holds people accountable. Look at Zaldy Co, he pointed out. His punishment starts here on earth. With all that money, he can’t sleep in peace, he and his family will be constantly on the run and under surveillance. That’s not a life. Aldama also observed that for us Filipinos, “faith marks one part of a community but not necessarily a participant in moral transformation. It provides symbols and rituals yet sometimes lacks the power to reshape social structures. “The result is a kind of cultural Christianity that thrives in devotion but falters in discipline, a faith strong in sentiment but weak in consequence.” Aldama further explains that: “Here lies the heart of the sociological problem. Corruption survives not simply through the powerful but through the consent of the ordinary. It is sustained by a culture that confuses kindness with tolerance and faith with resignation. “Christianity was meant to redeem this weakness. The gospel offers not only personal salvation but also a vision of social

renewal. “Christ preached compassion, yes, but also courage. His call was to justice, honesty and love that transforms. Yet Filipino Christianity has often settled for comfort over conviction. “We pray for a better nation without confronting the injustices that make it worse. We admire the humility of Christ while ignoring His boldness to challenge hypocrisy. Faith becomes a refuge from the world rather than a force to renew it.” Bullseye! Indeed, I am not convinced that our bishops and other Christian religious leaders understand true Christianity. Remember the bishops who accepted SUVs from then President GMA? The Discayas said they have contributed to the Church. A Church in Romblon was built through the contributions of the Discayas and Co. The local bishop said that’s OK because they received the money before the corruption scandal broke out. The stolen money was clean before it was nabuking? Recently, a parish in Bulacan returned a Nissan Navara given by ex-DPWH district engineer Henry Alcantara after the corruption scandal broke out. Our corrupt officials think that they can buy forgiveness from their sins by sharing their loot with the Church. And some priests and bishops happily accept. Then we have this politician from a supposedly “born again” Christian group always in the news involving corruption cases. Remember Jesus rebuked the Pharisees for their hypocrisy and inner spiritual decay. The taipan feels strongly about the failure of Pinoy Christian leaders to strongly warn against sin and the reality of hell. The taipan is concerned

about the country’s future. Perhaps, if Filipinos can practice true Christianity, not Sunday Christianity, the renewal that can save our country’s future is within reach. Mr. Aldama’s conclusion is apt: “Corruption is not destiny. It is culture, and culture can change. But such change requires more than outrage. It requires conscience. The gospel reminds us that transformation begins in the heart but must never end there… “Only when faith becomes action and conviction becomes culture will the Philippines finally reconcile its Christianity with its integrity.” Abolish congress My column last Monday with a tongue-in-cheek suggestion of abolishing Congress was based on a post in the website of PIDS, the government economic think tank. The folks at PIDS wrote to say that none of their studies advocated abolishing Congress. They were just reprinting a previously published item that mentioned them in connection with the rising cost of corruption. Well, there was no disclaimer so the article reposted in the PIDS website’s news section seemed like theirs. I assumed that PIDS technocrats are a cut above the usual government technocrats in calling out issues the way they really are. I understand their concern. Congress can abolish PIDS by denying it a budget. That would be a loss to good policy making in this country. (Philstar.com) *** The opinions, beliefs and viewpoints expressed by the author do not necessarily reflect the opinions, beliefs and viewpoints of the Asian Journal, its management, editorial board and staff.

*** Boo Chanco’s email address isbchanco@ gmail.com. Follow him on X @boochanco

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When oversight has no teeth...

PAGE 7 Permanent oversight committees The U.S. Congress maintains standing committees dedicated to government oversight. These bodies possess continuity, subpoena authority, professional investigative staff, and guaranteed funding. They do not dissolve after a single scandal. Oversight is treated as a core function of governance, not a temporary reaction to crisis. The lesson is universal. Effective oversight requires legal authority, institutional permanence, and protection from political winds. President Marcos Jr.’s directive: moving beyond the ICI President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. has acknowledged this institutional gap. In recent guidance to Congress, he has called for the creation of a permanent oversight body, placing infrastructure accountability among four priority governance issues requiring legislative action. Importantly, the President did not attempt to expand the ICI’s powers by executive order. Instead, he recognized

that a body with permanence, subpoena authority, and investigative capacity must be created by law. This approach avoids the legal vulnerabilities that undermined earlier executive created commissions and respects constitutional boundaries. In doing so, Marcos shifted the issue decisively to where it belongs, the legislature. The ICI’s limitations therefore are not the result of executive resistance to accountability. They reflect a deliberate choice to operate within constitutional guardrails while urging Congress to provide a durable solution. The Senate’s test With the President’s directive on record, the responsibility now rests with Congress. Proposals to establish a permanent, legislated oversight institution, including measures to create an independent people’s commission with subpoena power, professional investigators, and guaranteed funding, are no longer abstract reform ideas. They are a response to an explicit call from the executive branch. Whether Congress succeeds

will depend not on rhetoric but on design. Independence must be real. Powers must be enforceable. Due process must be protected. Continuity must be assured across administrations. A permanent body would allow the state to track procurement patterns over time, examine upstream budgeting and project readiness, and pursue accountability beyond the lifespan of any single controversy. What the ICI ultimately teaches As the ICI concludes its work, its most enduring contribution may be the lesson it leaves behind. The commission demonstrated what committed individuals can accomplish within narrow constraints and, more importantly, what they cannot. It showed that oversight without teeth cannot outlast the problems it seeks to address. President Marcos Jr. has signaled that temporary fixes are no longer sufficient. The question now is whether Congress will act on that signal. Institutions, not intentions, determine accountability. (AJPress)

SHOW. The University of the Philippines holds its annual lantern parade in Diliman, Quezon City on Wednesday (Dec. 17, 2025). The event showcases the creativity of College of Fine Arts students. PNA photo by Joan Bondoc

PH emerging as key market for sustainable finance by Keisha Ta-asan Philstar.com

MANILA — The Philippines is emerging as a key growth market for sustainable finance in Asia-Pacific, buoyed by accelerating renewable energy projects and rising demand from data-intensive industries, even as global issuance softened in 2025, according to Dutch financial giant ING. ING’s latest Sustainable Finance Pulse showed global sustainable finance issuance reached $1.231 trillion from January to September, down by 5.2 percent from $1.298 trillion in the same period last year. Despite the moderation, the Asia-Pacific region recorded $345 billion in issuance from January to September, extending a growth streak that began in 2021 and keeping the region on track for another record year. Within this regional momentum, the Philippines has posted measurable gains, supported by policy targets and strong deal flow. ING said year-to-date sustainable finance issuances in the country have exceeded $10 billion, alongside commitments for around 10.2 gigawatts of renewable energy capacity secured through the government’s Green Energy Auction program. The country is also set to record its first annual decline in coal power generation in nearly two decades, marking a milestone in its energy transition. “The global sustainable finance market’s resilience cre-

Photos show a view of Bonifacio Global City’s skyline in Taguig. Philstar.com file photo

ates a strong foundation for growth in our Philippine operations,” said Jun Palanca, country manager for ING Philippines. He noted rising client interest across multiple sectors, prompting the bank to expand its local expertise and product offerings. “ING Philippines is committed to being a leading partner for companies driving the country’s energy transition, supporting projects that deliver both environmental impact and commercial value,” Palanca said. The Department of Energy’s Clean Energy Scenario aims to raise the share of renewables in the power generation mix to 35 percent by 2030 and 40 percent by 2040, targets that ING said are spurring both project development and sustainable finance activity. The data center market in the Philippines is also experiencing robust growth. ING said the country is targeting one gigawatt of hyperscale data center capacity by 2026,

with government policy encouraging operators to source power directly from renewable energy suppliers through the Green Energy Option Program. Several leading facilities are already transitioning to 100 percent renewable energy operations, aligning digital infrastructure growth with climate objectives. At the regional level, ING noted that sustainable finance has remained resilient despite global headwinds. “Even against a backdrop of geopolitical uncertainty and shifting policy signals, sustainable finance has proven remarkably resilient,” Deepali Bhargava, head of research and chief economist for ING Asia Pacific, said. She added that corporates are pushing ahead with decarbonization while the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence and data centers is driving fresh demand for clean energy, keeping sustainable finance central to funding the transition beyond 2025. n

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Romualdez camp says DPWH Sarah Discaya finally served recommendation not a finding of guilt warrant, arrested, says NBI by Faith argoSino

by Zacarian Sarao

MANILA — The Department of Public Works and Highways’ (DPWH) recommendation to file plunder, graft, and direct bribery complaints against former Speaker Martin Romualdez over alleged irregularities in flood control projects is merely a “recommendation” and does not constitute a finding or determination of guilt, his camp said. Atty. Ade Fajardo, Romualdez’s lawyer and spokesperson, issued the statement after news of the Nov. 21 recommendation by the DPWH, together with the Independent Commission for Infrastructure (ICI), resurfaced online following the presentation of the agency’s year-end report by Secretary Vince Dizon earlier Thursday, December 18. “We take note of the DPWH Secretary’s statement. However, it is important to clarify that a DPWH ‘recommendation’

MANILA — The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) on Thursday, December 18 arrested controversial contractor Cezarah “Sarah” Discaya. NBI spokesperson Palmer Mallari confirmed Discaya’s arrest to INQUIRER the same day President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. announced that an arrest warrant had finally been

Inquirer.net

Inquirer.net

issued against the contractor. According to Mallari, Discaya will be detained at the NBI’s custodial facility within the compound of the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) in Muntinlupa City. “Arrested na (she’s already arrested). Otw (on the way) na sa (she is on her way to the) NBI Detention Facility sa (in) BuCor,” Mallari told INQUIRER through a Viber message. The warrant stems from

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the graft and malversation charges filed against her and nine others by the Office of the Ombudsman for a P96.5million flood control project in Jose Abad Santos, Davao Occidental, that was fully paid but never actually built. Discaya then voluntarily surrendered to the ICI on Dec. 9, the same day Marcos first announced that warrants of arrest against her and her co-accused were set to be released. n

Department of Public Works and Highways Office in Port Area, Manila Inquirer.net file photo

is not a finding, much less a determination of guilt,” Fajardo said. He added that it was “not true” that the ICI had recommended to the Office of the Ombudsman that former Speaker Ferdinand Martin G. Romualdez be charged with plunder or other serious crimes related to flood control projects or the 2025 budget. “In fact, the ICI made it clear in its referral report that it was issued without any finding or conclusion of guilt or liability

on the part of former Speaker Romualdez,” Fajardo said. Fajardo was referring to the ICI’s clarification regarding its joint referral with the DPWH. In a separate statement, the commission said it issued the referral without any finding or conclusion of guilt or liability against Romualdez. “We respect due process and will await the Ombudsman’s independent evaluation of the submissions based on evidence, not press conference soundbites,” he said. n

Contractor Sarah Discaya

Inquirer.net file photo

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Ex-DPWH chief Manuel Bonoan misses Dec. 17 return date by Ian LaquI Philstar.com

MANILA — Former Public Works and Highways Secretary Manuel Bonoan has yet to return to the Philippines, despite a commitment made by his legal counsel that he would be back in the country by Dec. 17, 2025. In a statement sent to reporters, Bureau of Immigration (BI) spokesperson Dana Sandoval said there is no record of Bonoan’s arrival at any Philippine port of entry as of Thursday, December 18. “Records show that he has not returned to the Philippines to date, despite indicating Dec. 17, 2025 as his return date in his letter, through counsel, on Nov. 10, 2025,” Sandoval said. Left Philippines amid

probe Bonoan, who is the subject of an Immigration Lookout Bulletin over alleged negligence linked to anomalous flood control projects, left the Philippines on November 11 for the United States. He transited through Taiwan before heading to the U.S., reportedly to accompany his wife for a medical procedure. His travel was expected to end by December 17. Bonoan departed amid ongoing investigations into alleged irregularities in flood control projects during his term as Department of Public Works and Highways secretary. The Department of Justice had earlier said that in the absence of a hold departure or-

der, there was no legal restriction on his right to travel. According to a November 6 report by the Independent Commission for Infrastructure (ICI), Bonoan is accused of “inexcusable negligence tantamount to fraud” for allegedly failing to prevent the misuse of public funds under his watch. The findings relate to an alleged P95 million flood control project in Bulacan. September exit Bonoan resigned from his post on September 1 amid the investigation. He was replaced by former Transportation Secretary Vince Dizon. Philstar.com has reached out to the Department of Justice and the ICI for comment. As of posting time, their spokespersons have yet to respond. n

Richard Gomez accused of assault by PH fencing president during SEA Games by AJPress BANGKOK, Thailand — Leyte 4th District Rep. Richard Gomez has been accused by Rene Peter Paul Gacuma, president of the Philippine Fencing Association (PFA), of physical and verbal misconduct during the 33rd Southeast Asian Games in Thailand, according to incident reports and accounts published by multiple Philippine media organizations. Gacuma submitted a written incident report to the Philippine SEA Games delegation’s chef de mission, detailing a confrontation that he said occurred on December 16, 2025, inside the fencing competition venue. In his account, the encounter followed a disagreement related to team lineup decisions in the women’s fencing events. According to Gacuma’s written statement, Gomez allegedly stepped on his foot, squeezed his thumb, and confronted him verbally while questioning the authority behind a roster change involving a national team athlete. Gacuma said the exchange escalated as he attempted to disengage from the discussion. Several media outlets reported that CCTV footage from the venue has been referenced in connection with the incident and that portions of the video have circulated online. No official findings based on the video

Leyte 4th District Rep. Richard Gomez

Photo from Facebook/@richardgomezph

have been publicly released as of publication. Gacuma further stated that he experienced physical distress following the confrontation and later sought medical attention at the venue. In subsequent interviews, he said he would not accept an apology and that he had elevated the matter through official delegation channels. In separate interviews, Gomez acknowledged a heated exchange but disputed key aspects of Gacuma’s account. He said the confrontation stemmed from his objection to the removal of an athlete from competition and framed his actions as advocacy for athlete welfare. Gomez has not admitted to committing physical assault

and has said he has not reviewed the video cited in reports. Gomez is a former president of the Philippine Fencing Association and currently serves as a PFA officer. He is also a second vice president of the Philippine Olympic Committee and has represented the Philippines in international fencing competitions for decades, in addition to his role as a legislator. As of publication, no criminal charges or disciplinary sanctions related to the incident have been publicly confirmed by Thai authorities, SEA Games organizers, or the Philippine Olympic Committee. The matter remains based on allegations and written complaints. n

CAPIZ LANTERNS FOR SALE. A vendor wraps clear plastic on a lantern made of capiz shells before it is sold at a stall in Quiapo, Manila on Friday, Dec. 19, 2025. A lantern sells between PHP500 and PHP2,800. PNA photo by Yancy Lim

Recto: PH dev’t should not be dictated by political whims by Luisa Cabato Inquirer.net

MANILA — Executive Secretary Ralph Recto said the Marcos administration is committed to implementing Ambisyon Natin 2040 and the Philippine Development Plan 2023–2028, noting that development should not be controlled by political whims but by data, direction, and discipline. In his speech during the 90th Anniversary of Socio-Economic Planning on Wednesday, Recto emphasized the importance of having a long-term plan that extends beyond administrations. “We chose to believe that our development should not be dictated by political whims but by data, direction, and discipline,” he said. Ambisyon Natin 2040, initiated by the Department of Economic Planning and Development (Depdev), formerly the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), is a national plan to transform the country into a prosperous and predominantly middle-class society by 2040. The Philippine Development Plan 2023–2028, meanwhile, aims to boost economic growth, create more jobs, and reduce poverty through major economic and social reforms. “Together, they are our bibles in planning — one tells us where we are going, the other tells us how we get there, regardless of who is in office or what crisis we face,” he said. “And crises, as history has shown, are inevitable. And our country’s challenges are complex. They are generational. They cannot be solved by a six-year plan, or a three-year

Executive Secretary Ralph Recto

term, or a midnight executive order. That is why long-term, inclusive, and resilient planning is necessary because without it, we would not be sailing the ship of state, we would be simply drifting,” Recto also said. He also reiterated the government’s goal to reduce the poverty rate to single digits by the end of Marcos’ term. “A decade ago, poverty incidence stood at 23.5 percent. Today, through inclusive growth strategies — even amid a pandemic and repeated global shocks — we have reduced it to 15.5 percent. By 2028, we are determined to bring poverty down to single-digit levels,” Recto said. Moreover, he cited the Russia-Ukraine war, the Israel-Gaza war, the Israel-Iran war, and trade wars, in stressing the importance of planning for the future. “Each crisis was different in form, but identical in consequence. It reminded us of the same truth: countries without plans react. But countries with plans recover, adapt, and emerge stronger,” he said. Recto, who also served as

Inquirer.net file photo

NEDA secretary from 2008 to 2009, also hailed the role that Depdev plays in the economic growth of the Philippines. He described the agency as “the nerve center of reason” and the “scoreboard keeper” for the government’s priority targets when it comes to growth. “It is the chief exponent of Philippine progress and champion of the ordinary Filipino. It is the nerve center of reason in the noise of populism. It is the scoreboard keeper of what truly matters: jobs created, investments drawn in, classrooms and roads built, and Filipinos lifted out of poverty,” he said. “While others obsess over political surveys, we pore over household surveys. While others post status updates, we update development indicators,” he also said. Recto further said, “Because the true state of the nation is written not in rhetoric, but in economic conditions felt by Filipino families every day — in the price of rice and food, in the availability of decent jobs, and in achieving a bright future.”

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NEW YORK / NEW JERSEY DECEMBER 19, 2025

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Simbang Gabi: A Filipino Noche Buena: the Filipino Christmas table and its traditions tradition of faith and discipline by AJPress

by AJPress

THE table is already set by the time Christmas arrives. In Filipino homes, Noche Buena unfolds after midnight, after Christmas Eve Mass, after the walk home when streets have gone quiet. Shoes are left by the door. Someone checks the clock. No one announces the hour. Food is placed on the table not for display, but as confirmation that everyone has made it back. Noche Buena, Spanish for “good night,” refers to the traditional Christmas Eve meal shared after midnight on December 24. Rooted in Catholic practice introduced during the Spanish colonial period, it marks the formal beginning of Christmas following the Nativity Mass. Over time, it has become one of the most enduring family rituals in the Philippines and among Filipino communities abroad. A tradition rooted in Catholic practice In Catholic liturgy, Christmas begins at midnight. The meal that follows was originally a practical gathering after Mass, but it evolved into a cultural marker that outlasted strict religious observance. Even households that no longer attend Simbang Gabi or Christmas Eve Mass often continue Noche Buena, treating it as the moment when Christmas officially begins. What distinguishes the tradition is timing. The meal requires waiting. Midnight serves as a fixed point around which schedules, travel, and preparation must align. In a culture shaped by migration and long work hours, that coordination has become increasingly significant. What is typically served at the table There is no fixed Noche Buena menu. In some households, a whole lechon anchors the table. In others, hamon is

A festive Noche Buena spread of traditional Filipino entrees and Christmas desserts such as bibingka, puto bumbong, and fruit salad – reflecting the Filipino tradition of gathering to mark Christmas.

sliced thin beside queso de bola, meant to last through the night. Many tables feature rellenong manok, embutido, or morcon, dishes that reflect both Spanish influence and the Filipino preference for food prepared well in advance. Pancit is served for longevity. Lumpia is often finished early in the evening. Rice is present whether it is mentioned or not. Desserts commonly include bibingka and puto bumbong, with fruit salad and other sweets added over time. The menu reflects layered history. Spanish influence introduced the late-night feast and stuffed meat dishes. American presence added hams, packaged desserts, and holiday sweets. Regional cooking retained vinegar, coconut, and smoke. As families moved from provinces to cities, and later across borders, menus adapted to cost, availability, and time. How the tradition has adapted over time Economic shifts, urban living, and migration have reshaped how Noche Buena is prepared and served. Meals may be simpler. Preparation may be spread across several days. In diaspora households, ingredients are substituted and timing adjusted to work schedules. What has not changed is the

structure. Families continue to wait for one another before eating. The meal remains anchored to midnight, even when celebrated in different time zones or circumstances. What has remained constant Across generations, several elements have endured. Noche Buena takes place late at night. It is shared rather than staggered. The gathering prioritizes presence over formality. The table serves as a pause at the close of the year rather than a display of excess. For households spread across cities or continents, this pause carries practical meaning. It is one of the few traditions that still requires simultaneous presence rather than convenience. When the night ends Noche Buena does not require interpretation. Plates are cleared. Leftovers are packed. Lights are turned off. By morning, the table returns to its ordinary use. What distinguishes the night is not emotion but coordination. People waited. Schedules aligned. Midnight served as a fixed point everyone agreed to honor. For a few hours each year, the table is not incidental. It is deliberate. Then it recedes, intact, until the next December. That is Noche Buena.

EACH December, before dawn breaks across the Philippines, church bells begin to ring. They carry through dark streets and quiet neighborhoods, calling people from their homes while the day is still undecided. This is Simbang Gabi, a distinctly Filipino tradition observed from December 16 through December 24, marking the final days of preparation before Christmas. Rooted in the Spanish colonial period, Simbang Gabi developed as a practical accommodation for Filipino farmers who needed to attend Mass before heading to the fields at first light. Over time, the practice evolved into something uniquely its own. What began as necessity became ritual. What was once logistical became devotional. Traditionally held around four o’clock in the morning, Simbang Gabi asks for effort. It requires waking before sunrise nine days in a row and choosing faith over convenience. While many parishes now offer anticipated evening Masses beginning December 15, the early morning vigil remains the heart of the tradition for

many Filipinos. Completing all nine Masses is often linked to a panata, a personal vow made in prayer or gratitude. Yet Simbang Gabi is not defined by petitions alone. Its power lies in repetition, in the discipline of showing up without guarantees. Faith here is not a singular moment, but a sustained act. Inside the church, the atmosphere is subdued and intimate. The light is softer. Voices are quieter. Elderly parishioners sit beside students home for the holidays. Parents bring children still half-asleep. Workers arrive before early shifts. In these pre-dawn hours, distinctions fall away. Everyone comes tired. Everyone stays. When the Mass ends, the tradition continues outside. Vendors sell puto bumbóng and bibingka, rice cakes cooked over charcoal and eaten with butter, sugar, and grated coconut. The scent of smoke lingers in the air. Conversations unfold slowly, warming alongside the food. These moments of shared breakfast are as much a part of Simbang Gabi as the liturgy itself. As Filipinos have migrated, Simbang Gabi has traveled with them. In diaspo-

ra parishes across North America, parts of Europe, and several Middle Eastern countries where Catholic worship is permitted under regulation, Simbang Gabi is adapted to climate, work schedules, and local church guidelines. Snow replaces tropical dawn. Evening Masses stand in for early morning walks. Yet the tradition remains recognizably Filipino in its rhythm and intent. What distinguishes Simbang Gabi from many religious observances is its refusal to be hurried or theatrical. There is no climax until Christmas itself. Meaning is built gradually, through discipline rather than display. There is nothing convenient about waking before dawn nine days in a row. That is precisely the point. Simbang Gabi teaches that faith is less about feeling inspired and more about choosing to be present. By the time Christmas arrives, those who have kept the vigil do not emerge transformed in obvious ways. Instead, they carry a quieter certainty. A reminder that belief, like dawn, arrives slowly, to those willing to rise and meet it.

A parish church illuminated for Simbang Gabi shown alongside vendor stalls offering traditional Filipino holiday fare, bibingka baked in clay pots and puto bumbóng steamed in bamboo, rituals that come together after pre-dawn Masses held from December 16 to 24 in preparation for Christmas.

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Long Live ‘Da King’: FPJ statue unveiled Pope Leo XIV appoints Bishop Ronald A. Hicks as new archbishop of New York on his 21st death anniversary by Jan Escosio Inquirer.net

SAN CARLOS CITY, Pangasinan — Around 7,000 residents from across Northern Luzon gathered at the Fernando Poe Jr. Esplanade and Eco Park in San Carlos City on Saturday, December 13 to commemorate the 21st death anniversary of Fernando Poe Jr. and witness the unveiling of a statue honoring the late icon of Philippine cinema. The event, titled “FPJ Lives On: The Unveiling and Legacy Concert,” brought together supporters from different generations to celebrate the enduring legacy of “Da King,” while underscoring his deep roots in San Carlos City, Pangasinan—the hometown of the Poe family. At the heart of the ceremony was the unveiling of FPJ’s statue, accompanied by a commemorative plaque that formally recognizes him as a son of San Carlos City. The inscription reads: “FERNANDO POE JR. (1939–2004) Son of San Carlos City, Pangasinan Born Ronald Allan Kelley Poe on August 20, 1939, Fernando Poe Jr., affectionately known as ‘Da King,’ was a symbol of courage, integrity, and compassion — virtues deeply rooted in his Pangasinense heritage. The son of Fernando Poe Sr. of San Carlos City and Bessie Kelley of Pampanga, FPJ rose from humble beginnings to become one of the most beloved figures in Philippine cinema. Across more than two hundred films, he portrayed the everyman hero — a voice for the poor, a defender of the oppressed, and a steadfast believer in justice and equality. His characters

reflected the strength, humility, and resilience of the Filipino spirit — values nurtured by his roots in Pangasinan, a province known for its industrious and principled people. Beyond the screen, FPJ was a man of quiet generosity and deep patriotism. His life continues to inspire countless Filipinos to live with dignity, stand for what is right, and serve others with sincerity. ‘Ang tunay na lakas ng Pilipino ay nasa kabutihan ng kanyang puso.’ — Fernando Poe Jr.” Former Senator Grace Poe expressed pride in seeing her father’s legacy permanently honored in Pangasinan, emphasizing the significance of San Carlos City in the Poe family history. “Nakakaproud na makita ‘yan (estatwa ni FPJ) dito sa San Carlos sapagkat dito talaga nanggaling ang pamilyang Poe ni FPJ. Ang estatwa na po na ‘yan ay talagang inisip ng aking anak na si Brian dahil simbolo ito ng ating mga kababayan, kayong mga kababayan namin na katulad ni FPJ – matatapang at magagaling.” FPJ Panday Bayanihan Party-list Congressman Brian Poe said the unveiling was both a tribute to his grandfather and a way to ensure FPJ’s legacy remains alive for future generations. “Itong gabi ay para sa aking lolo na si FPJ para sa kanyang alaala. Alam niyo naman na December 14 ang death anniversary ni FPJ. Kaya nag-cecelebrate tayo ngayon at meron tayong estatwa doon sa harap ng FPJ Esplanade and Ecopark para hindi siya malilimutan ng mga kababayan natin.” San Carlos City Mayor Ayoy Resuello noted that the statue unveiling builds on the city’s

continuing efforts to honor FPJ’s memory, following the inauguration of the FPJ Esplanade and Eco Park last year. “Kung natatandaan po ninyo last year unveiling at ribbon cutting ng FPJ Esplanade and Ecopark, ngayon po unveiling naman po ng statue ng ating pinakamamahal na Fernando Poe Jr.” Also in attendance were Vice Mayor Bogs Resuello, Councilor Bido Fermin, and SK President Reyna Jamaica Tamondong of San Carlos City; Mayor JR Resuello, Vice Mayor Jake Perez, and Councilor Monica Ramos of Basista; Mayor William Dy and Councilor Edren Llanillo of Bugallon; Mayor Noel Uson of Labrador; Mayor Rosemarie Gacutan of Bautista; Mayor Dickerson Villar of Santo Tomas; Councilor Jessica Gueco of Malasiqui representing Congresswoman Rachel Arenas; Ms. Clarita L. Evangelista representing Congressman Mark Cojuangco; Councilor Betty Ballesteros, ABC President of Aguilar, representing Mayor Kristal Ballesteros-Soriano; Councilor Darryll Bataan of Aguilar; Councilor Marvin Charles Caranay of Anda; Councilor Norman Guiang of Burgos; and Councilor Jairus Dulay of San Nicolas. The evening concluded with performances by The MNY, LA Santos, and Itchyworms, turning the commemoration into a celebration of FPJ’s life, artistry, and enduring connection to the Filipino people. The unveiling of the statue stands as a permanent reminder of Fernando Poe Jr.’s Pangasinense roots and his lasting influence as a cultural icon whose values of courage, justice, and compassion continue to resonate across generations. n

by AJPress

VATICAN CITY / NEW YORK — Pope Leo XIV has accepted the resignation of Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan and appointed Bishop Ronald A. Hicks of the Diocese of Joliet, Illinois, as the next archbishop of New York, the Vatican announced Thursday through the Apostolic Nunciature to the United States and the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops. Cardinal Dolan, who turned 75 in February, submitted his resignation in accordance with canon law, which requires bishops to offer retirement at that age. He has led the Archdiocese of New York since 2009. Transition at a major U.S. archdiocese The Archdiocese of New York is among the most prominent Catholic jurisdictions in the United States, encompassing New York City and several surrounding counties.

Its archbishop traditionally plays a significant role in national church leadership, Catholic education, and public engagement. Hicks, 58, will become the 14th bishop and 11th archbishop of New York. His installation is scheduled for February 6, 2026, at St. Patrick’s Cathedral in Manhattan. Until then, Cardinal Dolan will serve as apostolic administrator, providing continuity during the transition. Background and pastoral experience Ronald Aldon Hicks was born on August 4, 1967, in Harvey, Illinois. He studied at Niles College Seminary and the University of Saint Mary of the Lake / Mundelein Seminary, where he later earned a Doctor of Ministry degree. Ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of Chicago in 1994, Hicks served in parish ministry, seminary formation, and administrative leadership. His work also included inter-

national service with Nuestros Pequeños Hermanos, a Catholic organization supporting vulnerable children in Latin America. He was appointed an auxiliary bishop of Chicago in 2018 and named bishop of Joliet in 2020, where he focused on parish reorganization, clergy formation, and pastoral outreach. Issues facing the incoming archbishop Hicks will take office as the archdiocese continues to address clergy abuse accountability, survivor compensation programs, and the financial and pastoral effects of parish consolidation. Church officials have framed these as ongoing institutional responsibilities. The New York appointment is closely watched as an early indicator of Pope Leo XIV’s approach to leadership in the U.S. church, with recent selections emphasizing pastoral experience and administrative steadiness.

Lav Diaz’s ‘Magellan’ snubbed from Oscars’ International Feature Film shortlist by HannaH Mallorca Inquirer.net

LAV Diaz’s “Magellan” has failed to secure a spot at the shortlist for International Feature Film at the 98th edition of the Oscars, weeks after the film made it to the award giving body’s eligibility list. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) announced the shortlist for 12 categories on Wednesday, December 17, including International Feature Film, Documentary, Animated Short Film, Music (Original Score), Music (Original Song), and Sound and Visual Effects, to name a few. The entries that made it to the shortlist for Best International Feature Film are: “Belen” (Argentina), “The Secret Agent” (Brazil), “It Was Just an Accident” (France), “Sound of Falling” (Germany), “Homebound” (India), “The President’s Cake” (Iraq), “Kokuho” (Japan), “All That’s Left of You” (Jordan), “Sentimental Value” (Norway), “Palestine 36” (Palestine), “No Other Choice” (South Korea), “Sirat” (Spain), “Late Shift” (Switzerland), “Left-Handed Girl” (Taiwan), and “The Voice of Hind Rajab” (Tunisia). Baby Ruth Villarama’s documentary, “Food Delivery:

Fresh from the Philippine Sea”—which was included in the Oscars eligibility list as well—was also snubbed from the Documentary feature shortlist. According to the Academy, films from 86 countries were eligible for the Best International Feature Film category where members from all branches were invited to participate in the preliminary round of voting. The final nominees, which will be narrowed down to five, will be announced by the Academy on Jan. 22, 2026. Despite failing to advance to the shortlist, “Magellan” was included in Oscars prediction lists of international publications including Variety, Gold Derby, and The New Yorker. The Oscars for Best International Feature Film remains an elusive category for the local industry to break into, as no Filipino movie has ever advanced to the shortlist. The country’s recent submissions included Ramona Diaz’s “And So It Begins” (2024), Carl Joseph Papa’s “The Missing” (2023), Erik Matti’s “On the Job: The Missing 8” (2022), and Brillante Mendoza’s “Mindanao” (2021). In a September 2025 interview, Film Academy of the

A still from Lav Diaz’s “Magellan.” Photo from Facebook/Black Cap Pictures

Philippines (FAP) director general Paolo Villaluna said “Magellan” was selected by a seven-member committee after a “fair, transparent, and objective process.” The FAP is tasked by the AMPAS with selecting the Philippines’ entry to the awards giving body each year. “Magellan,” which made its global premiere at the Cannes Film Festival last May, tells the story of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan (played by Mexican actor and filmmaker Gael Garcia Bernal) embarking on a voyage in Southeast Asia, particularly the Philippines. The film is told in Cebuano, Portuguese, Spanish, and French.

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Pasko in America 2025 Fills American Dream in NJ With the Spirit of a Filipino Christmas

East Rutherford, NJ — December 6, 2025 — Pasko in America, the Northeast’s biggest indoor Filipino Christmas celebration, drew about 6,000 families, Filipino Americans, and multicultural holiday shoppers across three levels of the mall. The event, presented by Philippine Fiesta USA, Inc., transformed the complex into a vibrant Filipino Christmas village featuring parols, performances, community organizations, and diaspora-centered holiday traditions. A special highlight of this year’s program was the keynote message delivered by Bergenfield Mayor Arvin Amatorio, who spoke about the growing civic and cultural impact of Filipino Americans in New Jersey. His remarks underscored the importance of preserving cultural identity while strengthening community leadership across the region. The undisputed highlight of the day was the Clarkstown Tinikling ensemble, whose electrifying performance filled all viewing levels—from the ground floor to the third level—with an unprecedented number of spectators. The group generated the highest foot traffic of the event, captivating audiences with precision footwork and cultural pride. Many attendees described the moment as “the most exciting Filipino performance they’ve witnessed as of late.” Another standout was the Arato Brothers, whose soaring 80s-inspired rock ballads drew cheers from both longtime fans and first-time attendees. Their set added a nostalgic, arena-rock energy to the celebration and became one of the most talked-about musical highlights of the day. Other performers came to This year’s program also featured a diverse lineup of performers, including Andrew Ace Greenspan, Aptoh Band, Bayani, Caleb Angeli-

to, Chuck Kayvin, Cordillera Cultural Ensemble, GV Divine Divas of St. Vincent, Evangeline Pabalan, Oasis of Grace Church, Pepe and Jayjay, UP Alumni Rondalla, Zoe Erianna, and Ladies in Motion, each contributing to the day’s atmosphere of cultural pride, creativity, and community celebration. This year’s main exhibitor lineup featured AARP, Paysend and Astoria Hotels & Resorts, which drew remarkable interest with its luxury sweepstakes offering a 3-day, 2-night stay in either Boracay or Palawan. Attendees were required to be present to win, adding excitement throughout the day. Other exhibitors were Blank Collectibles, Bayani Comics, Flower Blooms NJ, Global Cargo, Gretz Jewelry, Helping Stars Foundation, The Rafaella Foundation, UNIFFIED, and Zoe Erianna. GMA Pinoy TV served as its media partner. Local officials and community leaders also took part in the festivities. Bergenfield Mayor Arvin Amatorio delivered a rousing message celebrating Filipino American contributions to New Jersey’s cultural and civic life. Fernando “Nanding” Mendez, producer of three major Filipino American events under Philippine Fiesta USA, Inc., also addressed the crowd, emphasizing the importance of cultural preservation and community building in the diaspora. Now in its third year, Pasko in America continues to offer thousands of Filipino families—many unable to travel home for the holidays—a place to gather, reconnect, and experience the traditions of a Filipino Christmas. The event opened with a warm welcome to attendees from across New York and New Jersey, recognizing OFW families, new immigrants, and first-generation Filipino Americans building new holi-

day traditions in the U.S. Mendez also announced its upcoming major events: • The 22nd People’s Ball (Est. 2004), scheduled on August 9, 2026 at Newark Liberty International Airport Marriott, stands as the tri-state area’s premier Filipino-American social networking event. Through its annual Empowerment Awards, it has honored over 140 distinguished Filipino Americans for their field contributions. • The 29th Fiesta in America EXPO (Est. 1996), scheduled on August 15–16, 2026 at American Dream, is the East Coast’s largest Filipino American indoor gathering, attracting 13,000 attendees and 120,000 in foot traffic. For the 29th Fiesta in America EXPO, exhibitors and sponsors are encouraged to reserve their space early to secure prime booth locations, maximize visibility through multi-channel promotion, and for those from the Philippines, obtain the necessary documentation for U.S. visa applications with greater lead time. These events serve as high-impact opportunities for Philippine provinces, cities, and companies to showcase tourism, investment programs, products, and services to a highly engaged, high-income market. The success of this year’s Pasko in America underscores the growing influence and unity of the Filipino American community in the Northeast. With extraordinary performances, strong exhibitor participation, and overwhelming public interest, the event reaffirmed its role as a signature cultural gathering that brings the Philippines closer to home each holiday season. Photos were taken by RJ Ensalada. For more information, call Fiesta in America at (212) 682-6610, email at info@ fiestainamerica.com or visit https://www.philippinefiestausa.com

NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY ASIAN JOURNAL • DECEMBER 19-25, 2025 13

A view of the New York City skyline at dusk. State regulatory actions have cleared the legal path for the city to be considered for full-scale, Vegas-style casino licenses. Photo by Bruce Emmerling / Wikimedia Commons

New York City moves closer to first Vegasstyle casinos after regulatory hurdle cleared by AJPress

NEW YORK CITY — New York City has cleared a key regulatory hurdle toward hosting its first full-scale, Las Vegas-style casinos, a step that brings the nation’s largest city closer to a major expansion of legalized gambling after years of legislative and political debate. In December 2025, state and local actions aligned requirements under New York law, allowing the downstate casino licensing process to move forward. The decision does not authorize construction or gaming operations. Instead, it removes the final procedural barrier that had previously prevented full casino licenses from being considered within the city. State law permits up to three casino licenses in the downstate region, which includes New York City, Long Island, and nearby counties. The licenses would allow table games, slot machines, hotels, entertainment venues, and related commercial development comparable to integrated resort casinos operating in Las Vegas and other global markets. A long path shaped by law and timing New York’s casino policy dates to a 2013 statewide referendum that amended the state Constitution to allow commercial casinos. Early licenses were restricted to upstate regions and paired with a temporary ban on downstate casinos, a measure intended to protect initial investments. That restriction expired in

2023, triggering a multi-year review process involving the New York State Gaming Commission, local advisory committees, environmental assessments, and land-use approvals. The December 2025 actions confirmed that downstate sites, including those within New York City, may now formally enter the licensing pipeline. What the law allows and what remains unresolved State statute caps the number of downstate casino licenses at three. The Gaming Commission retains sole authority to award licenses following financial reviews, suitability investigations, and regulatory compliance checks. Each proposal must first receive approval from a local community advisory committee composed of state and local elected officials. Without that approval, the commission is legally prohibited from issuing a license. As of publication, no downstate licenses have been awarded. Revenue, jobs, and competing expectations State officials have consistently framed downstate casinos as a revenue strategy. Budget projections anticipate billions of dollars in licensing fees, gaming taxes, and related economic activity over the life of the licenses. By law, casino revenues are directed toward public education, local government aid, and infrastructure funding. Supporters argue that large-scale casino resorts could create thousands of

construction and permanent jobs while expanding the city’s hospitality and entertainment capacity. Opposition and regulatory safeguards Casino expansion has drawn opposition from community organizations and some elected officials, who cite concerns about gambling addiction, traffic congestion, neighborhood disruption, and environmental effects. Regulators emphasize that casino licenses carry extensive oversight requirements, including responsible gaming programs, coordination with law enforcement, labor protections, and ongoing compliance audits. Violations can result in fines or license revocation. Regional impact and next steps The arrival of full-scale casinos in New York City would represent a significant shift in the Northeast’s gaming landscape. Analysts say new resorts could alter tourism patterns, affect existing casinos in upstate New York and neighboring states, and influence employment and transportation demand across the region. The Gaming Commission is expected to continue its evaluation process into 2026. Even if licenses are granted, large-scale casino projects would require several years of construction before opening. For now, New York City has not approved casinos outright. What it has done is clear the legal path that makes them possible.

14 DECEMBER 19-25, 2025 • NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY ASIAN JOURNAL

Health@Heart PhiliP S. Chua, MD, FaCS, FPCS BILLIONS of people in at least 160 nations around the world will be calling and texting Christmas greetings, and cellphones will be extraordinarily busy during this holiday season. Concerns about radiation from cellphones are rising, and some individuals are using radiation shield gadgets for protection. However, the so-called “radiation shields” for cell phones do not work and are therefore not effective in protecting the user from radiation, according to the FTC in the United States. If anything at all, this shield “lulls” the user to complacency, and thus the user is subjected to a more prolonged radiation exposure because of the false sense of security the unsuspecting consumers will have. While the association between cell phone use and some type of brain tumors is still unclear, it is best to avoid and minimize any type of radiation exposure from any source. To reduce radiation exposure from cell phones, we recommend the use of one of the hands-free devices now commercially available. Can skin ointment be used for the eyes? No, most definitely no. Skin lotions, creams, gel, ointments, and solutions are for topical (external or skin) application only, and are not safe for the eyes. There are specific drops and ointments for the eyes. Never use any other preparation, except those prescribed by healthcare professionals specifically for the eyes, which are always labeled “Ophthalmic” or “For ophthalmic use.” What causes palpitation? Palpitation (pounding heartbeat, harder and faster than normal) could be due to extrinsic causes like ingestion of a stimulant (coffee, tea, cola drinks, chocolates, some medications, etc.) and/ or cigarette smoking, or due to intrinsic causes like coronary or heart valve diseases. The person feels the heart thumping in the chest, which could lead to some degree of discomfort and anxiety. When this happens regularly, in spite of abstinence from the extrinsic causes listed above, prompt medical consultation is recommended.

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Do cellphone radiation shields work?

Are body moisturizing lotions safe? Yes, in general, hand and body lotions in the market are safe. The frequent use of face, hand, and body lotion (two or more times a day) is recommended because our skin needs moisture to keep it comfortable, healthy, and as young-looking as possible, especially during winter, when heaters are used a lot. Caution: The high-priced ones are not necessarily the best. Experiment to find the one for your complexion. What is cardioversion? Cardioversion, as the term suggests, means converting the heart rhythm from an abnormal one to a so-called normal sinus rhythm, either by your medications or by electrical (shock) “zapping.” The term is most often used to imply electrical cardioversion. This is done when the type of abnormality of the rhythm of the heart is one of the dangerous forms that adversely affects the vital signs of the person or one that could potentially cause cerebral emboli (blood clots from within the heart) traveling to the brain, resulting in stroke. The two paddles (“zappers”), held in each hand of the cardioverting personnel (a physician, a nurse or a medical technician), are applied to the mid-chest of the patient, and the heart is “electrically shocked” to a normal rhythm or to a safer, more benign form of irregularity. In some persons with heart disease, it may not be possible to convert the rhythm to a perfect sinus rhythm. In these cases, the goal is to convert the rhythm to a more acceptable, more benign rhythm. Can trauma to the breasts cause cancer? Repeated trauma to the breast has been implicated as a possible etiology in the formation of cancer of the breast among women. This could be in the form of biting, pinching, squeezing, or rough manual manipulation. The breasts must be handled with care and tenderness. Does diabetes cause blindness? Most definitely, especially among persons whose diabetes is untreated, poorly treated, or simply brittle and hard to treat. The blindness is due to what is termed diabetic retinopathy. A significant number of cases of

blindness in the world today are caused by diabetes. Once the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is confirmed, prompt and appropriate therapy should be instituted. The diabetic should be disciplined enough to religiously follow the prescribed medical regimen if the complications of the disease, like blindness, leg gangrene, etc., are to be prevented. Can hydrogen peroxide be used for gargling? Yes, hydrogen peroxide could be used for gargling, but ask your dentist first since he/she knows your dental condition better and can advise you accordingly. Hydrogen peroxide, together with sodium fluoride and other common ingredients (like triclosan) in tooth pastes, helps prevent tooth decay, gingivitis (inflammation of the gums), tartar and plaque formation, and halitosis (bad breath). Hydrogen peroxide is a substance that is incorporated in many toothpaste preparations in the market today. Baking soda is another. And so with extra virgin olive oil (also a healthy drink). In children, the anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis effectiveness of toothpastes is still not proven. Does surgery make cancer spread? No, this is a myth. Doing surgery or “opening the patient up” does not cause metastasis (spread) of the cancer. In general, cancer proliferates rapidly to invade surrounding tissues and distant organs. The misconception resulted from the refusal of patients suspected or confirmed to have cancer to be operated on early when first advised, and had delayed the surgery so much that the malignant tumor had already spread beyond help before acceding to have the operation. So, when the surgeons operated on them that late, invariably the cancer had already spread all over. When the patients soon expired, people blamed the surgery for the spread. Today, almost everybody knows that prompt detection and early operation in the treatment of cancer gives the best chance for a cure for the majority of patients with malignancy. Here's wishing you and your loved ones a joyous, sacred Christmas and a new year filled with God’s blessPAGE 15

The Holy Reset: God wants to restore what you lost this year

If you had told me the year would start with LA fires, evacuation alerts, and a business slowdown, I probably would’ve sighed and said, “Well… that’s not exactly the way I planned to kick things off.” It was a rough beginning, and honestly, I wondered how everything was going to play out. But one thing I’ve learned in both faith and finance is that God often uses the moments that shake us to redirect us. When the mortgage market cooled, I had a choice: I could stress, or I could pay attention. And right in the middle of all the uncertainty, God opened a completely different door— one I didn’t see coming. I stepped into another business that allowed me to help people restore not just their financial confidence but even their self-confidence as they cared for their skin. At first, it felt like two very different worlds, but it turns out God is pretty strategic. He was showing me that He can rebuild our lives through multiple streams, not just the one we’re used to. This reminded me of something important: when God restores, He rarely focuses on just one area. His restoration shows up emotionally, finan-

cially, spiritually, and sometimes—quite literally—on your face. Some people experience restored opportunities, others restored peace… and sometimes He restores your courage before He restores your income. But however He does it, His restoration is always purposeful. Many people right now feel discouraged about their finances. The market has shifted, rates have climbed, and the future can feel uncertain. But none of that intimidates God. He restores through wisdom, practical steps, new ideas, and fresh opportunities. Sometimes restoration looks like rebuilding credit, refinancing at the right moment, or exploring an income stream you never thought of. It doesn’t always come with fireworks; oftentimes it’s a steady shift in the right direction, and suddenly you look back and realize God was rebuilding you all along. As we approach the end of the year, it’s easy to think the clock has run out—that whatever didn’t happen by now won’t happen. But God does not operate on this calendar. He can turn things around in December just as easily as January. I’ve seen last-minute escrow breakthroughs and approvals that made no sense on paper. I’ve watched

doors open that were shut for months. My own year, which started in smoke and uncertainty, is closing on a much stronger note than I expected. And that’s the beauty of God’s timing: He restores at the exact moment we think everything is winding down. So if this year felt heavy, unpredictable, or slower than you hoped, don’t count yourself out. Restoration is still possible. In fact, it might already be happening beneath the surface. Ask God what He wants to rebuild in your life, because He is a God who finishes what He starts. Your finances, your confidence, your direction— none of it is beyond His reach. And He’s not done with your story yet. This season may just be your holy reset. *** The opinions, beliefs and viewpoints expressed by the author do not necessarily reflect the opinions, beliefs and viewpoints of the Asian Journal, its management, editorial board and staff. *** Kathy Current is a financial coach, mortgage advisor, and author of Heal Your Money Wounds God’s Way, where she combines over three decades of financial experience with timeless biblical wisdom. Kathy addresses real-life questions about God and money, helping readers find freedom and purpose in their financial lives.

Miss Universe shifts operations from Mexico to New York following CEO’s exit Miss Universe Organization says it is relocating administrative operations from Mexico City to New York following the departure of CEO Mario Búcaro, citing operational consolidation and continuity

by AJPress NEW YORK — The Miss Universe Organization said it is relocating its administrative operations from Mexico City to New York, following the departure of its chief executive officer, Mario Búcaro, marking a return to the pageant’s long-standing operational base in the United States. In a statement released this week, the organization said the move would take effect immediately and would consolidate executive and administrative functions in New York, where it said Miss Universe has historically maintained its headquarters. The

organization described the relocation as an operational decision intended to support stability and continuity in its global operations. The announcement followed confirmation a day earlier that Búcaro had concluded his tenure as chief executive officer. He was appointed to the role in late October and served for several weeks, overseeing organizational and operational matters connected to the most recent Miss Universe competition, which was held in Bangkok, Thailand. In its statement, the Miss Universe Organization credited Búcaro for his contribuPAGE 15

Mario Búcaro, who concluded his tenure as chief executive officer of the Miss Universe Organization following a brief appointment in late 2025. Official government portrait/Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Guatemala file photo

NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY ASIAN JOURNAL • DECEMBER 19-25, 2025 15

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Celebrating the silver anniversary Miss Universe shifts operations... of Alvin and Marissa Varsovia My P.E.P.

(People, Events,Places)

Rogelio Constantino Medina MARISSA Varsovia and Alvin Varsovia marked their 25th wedding anniversary with a renewal of vows at the Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Mount Carmel along Broadway Avenue in New Manila, Quezon City. The ceremony was attended by their children Aldrin Michael Varsovia, Alvin Xavier Varsovia Jr., who is married to Jane Libradilla-Varsovia, and Maria Alyssa Varsovia. Principal sponsors included former Bulacan governor and former tourism secretary Roberto “Obet” Pagdanganan, architect Edwin Gumila, retired teacher Pilar B. De Mesa of Legarda Elementary School, architect Jecelyn Gumila, and Monina Sagun. The Mass was presided over by Most Reverend Elias L. Ayuban Jr., CMF, JCD, DD, Bishop of the Diocese of Cubao, who also delivered the homily. Among those present were Philippine Information Agency Director-General Kat de Castro, daughter of former Vice President Noli de Castro, accompanied by her husband Pancho Juanitez, a musician and events project manager. Also seen at the Mass were

Alvin Varsovia with Jane LibradillaVarsovia.

Brock Polda, Nadine Varsovia, Nicole Varsovia, Daniel Whoville, Rodel Manicat of Security Bank, former diplomat Revimarc Lontok de Mesa and his wife Goldie Burns de Mesa of the Asian Development Bank, Estelita Hufana with her husband Ralph Hufana, Rev. Fr. Paul Vineeth, Rev. Fr. Jinto Choondal, Sudarshan Khadka with Lilian Khadka, Mac Peralta, Emery de Mesa, Atty. Alexandra Khadka, brothers Oyet and Emay Daigdigan, Desiree Tibay Dungo, Philippe Raziel Daigdigan Bolotaolo, Renz Jason Daigdigan, Patrick Daigdigan with his wife Jessica and daughter Cheska, Gloria Daigdigan, Ann Euleah Daigdigan, Tsic de Mesa Leones of Banco de Oro Unibank with her husband Billy Joe Leones, Maroz de Mesa, Carl de Mesa, Paolo Mendoza, musician Rhap-Rhap Daigdigan, Frederick Santos, Linda Puerto Voces, Pinky Voces, and realtor Anita Garcia, who stood out in a light-blue Filipiniana. The reception followed at the historic Miranila Heritage House and Library along Mariposa Street, Barangay Bagong Lipunan ng Crame, Quezon City. *** The opinions, beliefs and viewpoints expressed by the author do not necessarily reflect the opinions, beliefs and viewpoints of Asian Journal, its management, editorial board and staff. *** rogeliocmedina@yahoo.com

Marissa and Alvin Varsovia celebrate their silver wedding anniversary.

Asian Journal columnist Rogelio Constantino Medina with Alvin Varsovia (left).

PIA Director-General Kat de Castro with her husband Pancho Juanitez.

PAGE 14 tions during a transitional period and said a successor would be announced at a later date. Búcaro, in remarks included in the announcement, said his time with the organization had been professionally instructive and emphasized that he had carried out his role in accordance with ethical and professional standards. Return to New York operations The organization said its Mexico City presence had been intended to support operations alongside its U.S. headquarters, with the possibility of expanding its administrative footprint. However, following an internal review, Miss Universe said it determined that consolidating leadership and administrative functions in New York was necessary to meet its institutional and operational requirements. The statement did not cite specific external events as the basis for the move. It said the organization would work with affected staff and evaluate future locations for subsidiary or regional offices as part of its longer-term operational planning. Ownership context The Miss Universe Organization is jointly owned by JKN Global Group Public Co. Ltd., a Thailand-based media company, and Legacy Holding Group USA Inc. The organization has operated as a privately owned entity since 2015, when it was sold by its previous owners. In recent weeks, Mexican

authorities have confirmed that the country’s Financial Intelligence Unit froze bank accounts linked to Raúl Rocha Cantú, a co-owner and president of the Miss Universe Organization, as part of an ongoing investigation. Authorities have described the matter as an inquiry and have not announced any final findings. Rocha Cantú has denied wrongdoing through previous public statements reported by international media. Separately, Thai judicial authorities have issued an arrest warrant for JKN Global Group chief executive Jakkaphong “Anne” Jakrajutatip in connection with a fraud case after she did not appear at a scheduled court hearing. The case remains pending, and no final judgment has been issued. The Miss Universe Organization did not directly address either legal matter in its relocation or leadership statements and has not indicated that the investigations have affected pageant operations. Pageant continuity Miss Universe said its annual competition and national franchise system would continue as scheduled under existing governance structures. The organization emphasized that the relocation of administrative operations would not affect national titleholders, franchise agreements, or upcoming pageant planning. Founded in 1952, the Miss Universe pageant remains one of the world’s most recognized international beauty competitions, with national franchises in more than 80 countries.

Do cellphone radiation...

Cheska Daigdigan.

Former Bulacan governor Obet Pagdanganan (left) with Rogelio Constantino Medina.

Pilar B. De Mesa (left) and Desiree Tibay Dungo.

(From left) Brock Polda, Nadine Varsovia, Nicole Varsovia, and Daniel Whoville.

Marissa Varsovia with her husband Alvin Varsovia.

(From left) Alvin Varsovia, Marissa Varsovia, Pancho Juanitez, and Kat de Castro.

PAGE 14 ings of good health, love, peace, and prosperity! *** The opinions, beliefs and viewpoints expressed by the author do not necessarily reflect the opinions, beliefs and viewpoints of the Asian Journal, its management, editorial board and staff. *** The main objective of this column is to educate and inspire people live a healthier lifestyle to prevent illnesses and disabilities and achieve a happier and more productive life. Any diagnosis, recommendation or treatment in our article are general medical information and not intended to be applicable or appropriate for anyone. This column is not a substitute for your physician, who knows your condition well and who is your best ally when it comes to your health. ***

Philip S. Chua, MD, FACS, FPCS, a Cardiac Surgeon Emeritus based in Northwest Indiana and Las Vegas, Nevada, is an international medical lecturer/author, Health Advocate, medical missionary, newspaper columnist, and Chairman of the Filipino United Network-USA, a 501(c)3 humanitarian foundation in the United States. He is a decorated recipient of the Indiana Sagamore of the Wabash Award in 1995, presented by then Indiana Governor, US senator, and later a presidential candidate, Evan Bayh. Other Sagamore past awardees include President Harry S. Truman, President George HW Bush, Astronaut Gus Grissom, pugilist Muhammad Ali, David Letterman, distinguished educators, scientists, etc. (Wikipedia). Websites: FUN8888.com, Today.SPSAtoday. com, and philipSchua.com. On Amazon.com, search for “Where is My America?” Email: scalpelpen@ gmail.com.

16 DECEMBER 19-25, 2025 • NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY ASIAN JOURNAL

http://www.asianjournal.com • (212) 655-5426