Master Plan of Evangelism (Russian Version)

THE MASTER PLAN OF EVANGELISM RUSSIAN VERSION

Master Plan of Evangelism

Russian Version

BY Robert E. Coleman

ISBN: 9781648173110

Master plan of evangelism, Russian version

Robert E. Coleman

First Fruits Press, ©2025

Digital version at http://place.asburyseminary.edu/firstfruitsheritagematerial/5/

First Fruits Press is a digital imprint of the Asbury Theological Seminary, B.L. Fisher Library. Asbury Theological Seminary is the legal owner of the material previously published by the Pentecostal Publishing Co. and reserves the right to release new editions of this material as well as new material produced by Asbury Theological Seminary. Its publications are available for noncommercial and educational uses, such as research, teaching and private study. First Fruits Press has licensed the digital version of this work under the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/.

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Coleman, Robert E., 1928-

Master plan of evangelism, Russian version [electronic resource]/ by Robert E. Coleman = Evangelizatsionnaia strategiia Iisusa / Robert . Koulman ; perevod s angli skogo. – Wilmore, Kentucky : First Fruits Press, ©2025.

145 pages ; cm.: digital.

"Predislovie / Pol Stromberg Ris"--pages 4-5 (original pagination) Reprint. Previously published: Sankt-Peterburg : "Mirt", 1995.

ISBN: 9781648173103 (paperback)

ISBN: 9781648173110 (uPDF)

ISBN: 9781648173127 (Mobi)

OCLC: 1542782124

1. Evangelistic work. I. Title. II. Reese, Paul S. (Paul Stromberg)

BT590.E8 C617 2025eb 269/.2

Cover design by Amanda Kessinger

First Fruits Press

Te Academic Open Press of Asbury Teological Seminary 204 N. Lexington Ave., Wilmore, KY 40390 859-858-2236

frst.fruits@asburyseminary.edu asbury.to/frstfruits

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Robert E. Coleman

The MASTER PLAN of Evangelism

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ISBN: 5-88869-008-2 (pyc.)

ISBN: 971-511-071-1 (anrJI.)

© 1963, 1964 by Robert E. Coleman

All rights reserved.

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* A. B. Bruce, The Training of the Twelve, 3rd ed. (New York: Richard R. Smith, Inc., 1930).

** Henry Latham, Pastor Pastorum (Cambridge: Deighton Bell and Co., 1910).

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OT BCHKoro rpexa ,uJIH Bcex JIIO,ueft. KaK OH yMep 3a onHoro, TaK OH yMep 3a Bcex. B rrpoTHBorroJIO)KHOCTb HallleMy IIOBepxHOCTHOMY IIOHHMaHHIO, B Ero C03HaHHH mmor,ua He 6bIJIO pa3JIHIJH5I Me)K,uy MMC· rneii: B rrpe,ueJiax CBoero ,uoMa H sa py6e)KOM. ,UJI5I

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OH 3AnJIAHMPOBAJ1 nOBE,ll.HTb

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06PATMTE OC060E BHMMAHHE

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trnK 3To OH Mor He yBH,neTb ero paHbllle! Kor,na pa3MhilliJI5Iellib Ha)l Ero rrnaHOM, o6Hapy:>KHBaelllb, lIT0 ero oeHOBHaH H)le5I HaeTOJibK0 OTJIHtiaeTe5I OT oeH0BHOH q>HJ10eoqnrn eoBpeMeHHOH UepKBH, t.J:T0 npeJ.I.rroJiaraeT ,nJI.SI Hee He Mettee tieM peB0JIIOUmo. To, lIT0 H3JI0:>KeHO HH:>Ke, npe)leTaBJIHeT eo6off rroIlblTKY y5IeHHTb B0eeMh PYK0B0)l5IllIJIX npHHUHIT0B rrJiaHa Ramero YtIHTeJI5I. O)lHaKo He eJie)lyeT AYMaTh, qTo 3TH npHHUHilbl HeH3MeHHO oeym.eeTBJ151JIHCb B ,naHHOH TT0CJie,noBaTeJihH0CTH. Cl>aKTHqeeKH, B Ka:>K)lOM H3 3THX maroB npe)lITOJiaraIOTe5I BCe OCTaJibHbie, H B KaK0H-T0 CTerreHH Bee OHH Ha q.EfHaIOTC51 y:>Ke B nepB0M. Hx CHCTeMaTH3aUH51 HY:>KHa TOJibK0 )lJIH Toro, qT06hl npH.n.aTh Ero MeTOAY CTPYKTYPHYIO ocpopMJieHH0CTb H noKa3aTb nocTyrraTeJibHOe, JI0rHtieCK0e pa3BHTHe IIJiaHa. lfaTaTeJib YBH)lHT, qTo no Mepe pa3BHTH51 CJiy:>KeHHH 11Heyea Xp11eTa marn 6y)lyT CTaH0BHTbCH Bee 6oJiee ecpopMyJIHpoBaHHblMH II IlOCJie)l0BaTeJibH0CTb - Bee 6oJiee pa3JIHq.EfMOH.

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KaK 0Kcl3aJIOCb, .9THM HeMH0fHM nepBbIM o8pam.eflHbIM npe.n.Ha3Ha qaJI0Ch era Tb m1.n.epaMH Ero UepKBH, K0T0pa.H ,lI.0JI2KHa 6hIJia TIOHTH e EBaHreJIHeM no see My MHPY, a e no3HI..I.HH Ero K0Heqttoii u.eJIH, 3HaqeHHe HX 2KH3HeH 6y.n.eT oruyIII.aTbC.H Ha nporn2Kemrn seqH0eTH. 3To e.n.HHeTBeHH0e, qTo eJie.n.yeT npHHllMaTh B paeqeT.

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nepaMeHTHhl, IIOpbIBHCTbl, JierKO o(5H:m:aJIHCb H OOJiaAaJIH BCeMH rrpeApaccyAKaMH CBOett cpeAhl. Kopoqe rOBOpH, 3TH JIIOAH, H36paHHbie rocnOAOM Ce6e B rroMOllI.HHKH, rrpeACTaBJI5IJIH co6oH B 0CHOBHOM AHO 06rn.ecTBa Toro BpeMeHH. 3To 6h1Jia He Ta rpyrrrra JHoAefI, OT KOT0poii M01K.HO 6bIJIO 6hI O)KHAaTb rrpHo6peTeHH5I MHpa AJI5I XpHCTa. OAHaKo J,facyc B 3THX rrpOCThIX JIIOA5IX YBH,ll_eJI rroTeHuHaJihHhIX JIH)J.epoB UapcTBa. Ilo MepKaM 3Toro MHpa, 0HH IlOHCTHHe 6hlJIH JllOAH «HeKHH)KHhie H rrpoCThie» (neHH. 4: 13), HO OHH 6bIJIH IlOAaTJIHBbI K yqemno. Hx M0)KHO 6hIJIO yqHTh. XoTH 0HH qacrn onm6aJIHCb B CBOHX CY)KAeHHHX H MeAJieHHO ycBaHBaJIH AYXOBHbie HCTHHhl, 3T0 6hIJIH qeCTHhie JIIO)J.H, rOTOBhie II0HHTb H HCil0BeAOBaTb CBOH HeAOCTaTKH. Hx MaHepbl 6hIJIH HeJI0BKH H HX crroco6HOCTH orpaHHqeHbI, HO, 3a HCKJIIoqeHHeM rrpeAaTeJIH, y Bcex 6bIJIH 60Jibllme cepAua. H, B03M0)KHO, 0HH HMeJIH caMoe Ba)KHOe - HCKpeHHee CTpeMJieH1-1e K Bory H KO

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0 TOM, l!TO yqeHHKOB 33,ll.eBaJIO rrepBeHCTBO 9THX TpoHX, XOT5I OHH H porrTaJIH B ,ll.pyrnx c.71yqa51x, 3TO )J.OK33bIBaeT, l!T0, KOr,ll.a rrpe,ll.IIOtJTeHHe rrp05IBJI5IeTC5I B ,ll.0JI2KHOM )J.yxe H Ha )J.OJI)KH0M 0CHOB3HHH, o6H)J.a He B03HHKaeT.*

C06Jll0)].EHHE flPHHUHflA

Bo BCeM 9TOM, HeCOMHeHHO, 60Jibllle BCero rropa2KaeT TO, KaK l'IHcyc C03HaTeJihHO pacrrop5I,ll.HJIC5I Caoeii 2KH3HhIO, rrocB5ITHB ee TeM, Koro OH xoTeJI o6yqHTb. 3TO tJeTKO HJIJIIOCTpHpyeT OCH0BHOH rrpHHUIIIT o6yqeHH5I: rrpH rrpoqHx paBHWX ycJIOBH5IX, tJeM MeHbllle pa3Mep o6yqaeMOH rpyrrrrhl, TeM 6oJibllle B03M02KHOCTH )J..715!3cpcpeKTHBHOrO HaCT3BJieHH5I. **

* feHpH JlawM npe.n.no.naraeT, tJTo oco6oe H36paHHe 3THX TpOHX noMora.no BCeH rpynne AnocTO.TIOB ycBOHTh Heo6xo.n.HMOCTh «caMOOTpeqeHH5I». no ero c.noBaM, 3TO 5IBHO npe.n.Ha3Haqa.noch .n..n5IToro, tJT06hI rroKa3aTh AnocToJiaM, tJTO «XpncToc CaM ,IJ,.TI5I K8)K,II,Oro orrpe.n.e.n5IeT Mepy OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH; qTo B Bo:>KheM cJiy:>KeHHH ,IJ,OCT8TO'-IHO noqeTHO 6bITh Boo6me rrpH3B8HHhIM H HHKTO He )I.OJI:>KeH oropqaTbC5I, eCJIH BH,ll.HT, tJTO JI.PY· roMy npe.n.Ha3Ha11eHo 60.nee noqeTHoe MeCTO». ** 3TOT npHHUHil M8JIOH KOHUeHTpauHH, npHMepoM KOTO· poif 5IBJI5IeTC5I c.ny:>KeHHe Hncyca, He BBe,n:eH .nttqHo HM. TaKOBa 6b1Jia cTpaTerH5I Bora c caMoro Haqa.na. B BeTXOM 3aBeTe noBecTByeTrn O TOM, K8K Bar H36pa.n cpaBHHTeJihHO MaJibIH Hapo,n. H3paHJIH, qTo6hI 11epe3 Hero 3aseprnHTh CBOH TIJiaH HCKYTTJICHH5I qeJIOBeqecTBa. H ,n.a)Ke BHYTPH Hapona r.naBeHCTBO 6bIJIO CKOHUeHTpHpoBaHo o6hitJHO B po.n.ax, oco6eHHO s po,lle .IlaBH,n.a H3 KOJieHa Hy,ll,hl.

BoJihIIIYIO t.JaCTh CBoeii ocTaBIIIeiicH )KH3HH Ha

3eMJie yfacyc TIOCBHTHJI 9THM HeMHOrHM yt.JeHHKaM. OH 6yKBaJihHO «c,neJiaJI Ha HHX cTaBKy». MHp Mor 6bITb 6e3pa3JIHt.JeH K HeMy, FI 9TO BCe-TaKH He Ha-

PYIIIHJIO 6hl Ero CTpaTenm. Ero ,na)Ke He ocooeHHO 6ecrroKOHJio, Kor,na Ero rrocJie,noBaTeJIH OTBopaq1rna-

JIHCh OT Hero, CTOJIKHYBIIIHCb C HeTHHHbIM eMblCJIOM

UapcTBa (HH. 6: 66). Ho Ero 6JIH)KaHIIIHe yqeHHKH ,noJI)KHhI ohIJIH eo,neiicTB0BaTb Ero ueJIHM. HM Heooxo,nHMO 0bIJIO TIOH51Th Henrny FI OhlTh OCBHilleHHbIMH e10 (Ifa. 17: 17) BO qTo 6h1 TO HH cTaJio. TaK OH

MOJIHJieH «He O BCeM MHpe», HO 0 HeMHOrHX, KOT0pbIX Bor ,naJI EMy «OT MHpa» (HH. 17:6,9).* Bee saBHCeJio OT FIX BepH0CTH, Be,llb MHp ,llOJI)KeH Obi.JI rroBepHTh B Hero «no eJioBy HX» (HH. 17: 20).

OTHOIIIEHHE K MACCAM

O,nHaKO 0blJIO 6bI HeBepHo Ha OCHOBe eKa3aHHOro 3,necb 3aKJIJOqJITh, qTO l1Hcye rrpeHeoperaJI MaceaMH. 3To ObIJIO He TaK. l1Hcyc ,neJiaJI BCe, 1:ITO T0JihK0 M0)KH0 ITOTpe6oBaTb OT JII06oro qeJIOBeKa, H ,na)Ke eBepx Toro, tJTO0hI ,noeTH% Mace. TiepBoe, tJTo OH c,neJiaJI, H81IJIHaH CBoe CJiy)KeHHe, - 9T0 CMeJI0 OT0)K,neeTBHJI Ce6H c BeJIHKHM MaceoBhIM ,llBJI:>KeHHeM rrpooy:>K,neHJIH CBoero BpeMemi:, rroJiytJHB KpemeHHe OT HoaHHa (MK. 1: 9-11; MclJ. 3: 13-17; JTK. 3: 21, 22), H BTIOCJie,llCTBHH rrpo,n0JI:>KaJI rrpocJiaBJIHTh ,neJIO 9Toro

* TiepBOCBHIUeHHHqecKa5I MOJIHTBa XpHcTa B 17 rJiaBe EBaHreJIH5I OT HoattHa oco6eHHO MHoro 3HaqHT B 9TOH CB5I3H. J13 26 CTHXOB MOJIHTBbl 14 Herrocpe,rr.cTBeHHO OTHOC5ITCH K JJ.BeHa.rr.uaTH yqeHHKaM (HH. 17:6-19).

BeJIHKoro npopoKa (Mcp. 11:7-15; JlK. 7:24-28). Oa

CaM l10CT05IHH0 rrporroBe)l.0BaJI TOJIITaM, K0T0phle CJie)1.0BaJIH 3a Ero t.J:YJl.0TB0pHbIM cJiy:>Kem1eM. OH yt.J:HJI HX, K0pMHJI, K0r)J.a OHH 6bJJ1H r0JI0)J.Hbl, HCUeJ151J1

60.JibHbIX H H3roH51JI H3 HX cpe.IJ.bl )J.eM0H0B. OH 6JiaroCJI0BJI51JI HX )J.eTeit 11HOr)J.a OH ueJible AHH rrpoB0)J.HJI c HHMH, Y.IJ.0BJieTB0pR51 HX HY:>K.IJ.hl, TaK, t.J:T0 EMy «eCTb... 6bIJIO HeK0r)J.a» (MK. 6: 31). JlI06bIMH B03M0:>KHbIMH crroco6aMH 1-focyc np051BJI51JI O HMX HCKpeHHIOIO 3a60Ty. 3TO 6bIJIH JIIO)J.H, KOTOpbIX OH rrpmneJI crraCTH, - OH JII06Irn HX, IlJiaKaJI 0 HHX H, H8KOHeu, yMep, t.J:T06bI crraCTH HX OT rpexa. HHKTO He MO:>KeT CKa3aTb, t.J:T0 I111cyc YKJIOH51JIC5I OT MaCC0BOro 6JiaroBeCTH51.

A)I(HOTA)K TOJlflbl

CoocTBeHHO ronopH, crroco6HocTb I111cyca npmrnB0JUiTh BITet.J:aTJieHHe Ha MaCCbl CO3)J.aBaJia )J.J151Hero cepbe3HYIO npo6JieMy. BH.II.51 Ero cocTpa.II.aHHe :u Ero MOrymecTBO, OHH o.n.Ha:>K)J.bl XOTeJlli «Het.J:a51HHO [ TO ecTh HeO:>KH.IJ.aHH0 .II.JI51 Hero H c11J1oii] B3RTh Ero H c,ueJiaTb uapeM» (I1H. 6:15). O)1.HH H3 II0CJie)J.OBaTeJieH I1oaHHa Kpecnnem1 ronopHJI, t.J:T0 «Bee» H.UYT K HeMy H Tpe6yIOT Ero BHHMaHH51. na:>Ke cpapHCeH npH3HaBaJIH, t.J:TO «Beeb MHp H,UeT 3a HHM~ (I1H. 12: 19), H, KaK 6bl rophK0 HH 6bIJIO 3T0 rrpH3HaHHe, ero np0H3H0CHJIH H rrepBOCB51llleHHHKH (I1H. 11:4748). y I1Hcyca He 6hIJIO He,U0CTaTKa B rrorryJI51pHoCTH, H JIIO,UH CJie,UOBaJIH 3a HHM, HeCMOTp51 Ha CBOe HerroCTO51HCTBO, )J.0 CaMoro KOHUa. I1MeHHO CTpax nepe)l. TOJIIIOH, KOTOpa51 C CHMIIaTHeii OTHOCHJiaCb K I111cycy, 3acTaBHJI Ero o6BHHHTeJieii cxnaTHTb Ero B

orcyrcrnne Hapo,ua (MK. 12: 12; Mcp. 21 :26; JIK. 20: 19).

naH Htt:cye X0Tb KaKoe-T0 TI00IUpemie tJyBCTBaM, 0BJia,ueBllIHM MaccaMH, OH JierK0 Ohl M0f HMeTb BCe qeJIOBetJecKHe uapcrna y CBoHx Hor. Bee, tJTO EMy HY}KH0 6hIJIO ,ueJiaTb, - 3T0 y,uoBJieTB0p5ITb BpeMeHHhle anneTHTbl n mo6onhITCTBO Hapo,ua CBoeii CBepx'hecrecTBeHHOH CHJIOH. TaKoBo 6bIJIO HCKyllleHne, npe,uJIO}KeHHoe caTaHOH B rrycTblHe, Kor,ua OH rro6y}K,uaJI

Hncyca rrpeBpaTHTb K3MHH B XJie6bl H 6pOCHTbC5I C

KPhlllIH xpaMa, qro6hl Bor rroHec Ero (Mcp. 4: 1-7; .TTK. 4: 1-4; 9-13). 3rn 3Q)Q)eKTHble rrocryrrKH, HecoMH¤HHO, Bbl3BaJIH 6bl arrJI0,UHCMeHTbI T0JII1b1. CaraHa

He rrpe,uJiaraJI HHcycy Hnqero HOB0ro, KOr,ua o6emaJI

EMy Bee uapcrna Mttpa, ecJrn Y1rnreJib rroKJI0HHTC5I eMy (MQ). 4: 8-10). npeBHHH O0M3HIUHK mo,ueii OtJeHb xopollI0 3Ha.TI, tJT0 Hrrcyc aBT0MaTrrqeCKH BCTYIIHT B

06Jia,uam1e 3THM, eCJIH T0JibKO rrepecTaHeT 0blTb cocpe,uoT0tJ:eHHblM Ha TOM, qro OTHOCHTC5I K BetJH0MY

UapcTBy.*

Ho Hncyc He rro,uJia}KHBaJIC5I rro,u BKYChI TOJIIThI. KaK pa3 HarrpoTHB, To H ,ueJio OH rrpnJiaraJI oco6ble ycHJIHH, qT06bl OCJia6HTb ITOBepXHOCTHblH 3HTY3Ha3M T0JIIThl, Bhl3BaHHhIH Ero cBepx'hecrecrBeHHOii cnJioii ( CM., HarrpHMep, HH. 2: 23-3: 3; 6: 26, 27). qaCTO OH .na}Ke rrpoCHJI Tex, Koro rrcueJI5IJI, Hrrqero He roBopHTh

* CKa3aHHOe He rro,npa3yMeBaeT, qTO HCKyIIIeHHe 9THM orpaHHqHBaJIOCb, OHO JIHIIIb rro,nqepKHBaeT, qTo HCKyIIIeHHe 6hIJIO HarrpaBJieHo rrpoTHB crroco6a oxBaTa MHpa BJiaroft BecThIO, H36paHHOro HHcycoM, H rrpOTHB ,nyxoBHOH uemI Ero MHCCHH. ,.npyroe HCTOJIKOBaHHe 9TOrO MecTa, HeCKOJibKO HaIIOMHH8IOlllee BbIIIIeH3JIO)KeHHOe, r ,ne rOBOpHTC5I HMeHHO O MeTo,ne eBaHreJIHBaUHH, ,naeTC5I B KHHre Celin W. Williams Where In The World? (New York: Nat'l Council of Churches of Christ), pp. 24-27.

06 3TOM, 1IT00bl H30e)KaTb MaCC0BbIX BblCTyrrJieHHH

JierK0 B036y,nHMhIX TOJIII.* Tio,no6HhlM )Ke o6pa30M rrocJie CBoero rrpeo6pa)Kemrn Ha rope «OH He BeJieJI

HHK0MY paccKa3hIBaTh o TOM, IITO [ 0HH l BH,neJIH» ,no Ero B0CKpecemrn (MK. 9:9; Mcp. 17:9). B ,npymx c.71yqa51x, Kor,na ToJirra pyKorrJiecKaJia EMy, OH yxo,11JrJI co CBOHMH yqeHHKaMH H rneJI B ,npyrne MeCTa rrpo,noJI)KaTh CBoe cJiy)KeHHe. **

Ero TIOBe,neHHe B 3TOM OTHOllieHHH HHOr ,na ,na)Ke

Bbl3hIBaJIO ,noca,ny y Tex Ero IIOCJie,noBaTeJieii, KOTOpbie He IIOHHMaJIH Ero CTpaTerHH. na)Ke Ero co6CTBeHHhie 6paTb51 H cecTpbI, KOTOpbie eme He BepHJIH B Hero, HacTaHBaJIH, 1IT06b1 OH ocTaBHJI rro,no6HyIO

TaKTHKY H OTKpbITO 5IBHJI Ce65I MHpy, HO OH OTKa33JIC5I IIOCJie)l0B3Tb HX COBeTy (I-fa. 7: 2-9). Ero TIOHMMAJIM TOJihKO HEMHOfME

He y,nHBHTeJibHO, 1ITO oqeHh HeMHOrHe JIIO)lH 6bIJIH rro-HaCT0511UeMy o6pameHbl BO BpeM5I cJiy)KeHH5I XpHCTa - HBHhIM, orrpe,neJieHHbIM ot5pa30M. KoHeIIHO, MHO)KeCTBO JIIO,neii BepHJIO B XpHCTa, TO eCTb rrpHHHM3JIO Ero CJiy)KeHHe, *** HO cpaBHHTeJibHO HeMHOrne, Ka3aJI0Cb, yJioBHJIH cyTh EBaHreJIHH. Bepo5ITHO, B

* HanpHMep, OH 3anperuaJI rosopHTb o Csottx qy,n:ecax: MK. 1:44-45; Mcp. 8:4; JIK. 5: 14-16; MK. 3: 11-12; MK. 5:4243; JIK. 8: 55-56; Mcp. 9: 30; MK. 8: 25-26. ** HanpHMep, OH yxo,n:tt.11OT TOJin: HH. 1 : 29-43; 6: 1415; MK. 4:35-36: 6: 1, 45-46; 7:24-8:30; Mcp. 8: 18, 23; 14:2223; 15: 21, 39; 16: 4; JIK. 5: 16; 8: 22 ll ,llp. *** HanpHMep, CM. HH. 2: 23-25; 6: 30-60; 7: 31-44; 11 : 4546; 12: 1I, 17-19; JIK. 14: 25-35; 19: 36-38; Mcp. 21 : 8-1 t, 14-17; MK. 11:8-11.

qucno Ero rrpenaHHMX rrocnenoeaTeneii K KOHUY Ero

3eMHOro CJiy}KeHH.51 BXO)lHJIO HeMHOrHM 6oJibIIIe rex 500 6paTbeB, KOTOpbIM Hucyc .51BHJIC5I rrocne BOCKpeceHH5I ( 1 Kop. 15: 6), H TOJibKO OKOJIO 120 ocrasa-

JIHCb B HepycanHMe, qro6bI rrpHH5ITb KpemeHHe CB51· TbIM ,UyxoM (,Ile.HR. 1: 15). Xorn 9TO qJ,JCJIO H He Ka-

}KeTC5I M8JibIM, eCJIH yqeCTb, qro Ero 8KTHBHOe cny}KeHHe OXB8TbIB8JIO rrepHO)l TOJibKO B TPH rona, HO eCJIH 6bI KTO·HH6y)lh CT8JI oueHHB8Tb acpcpeKTHBHOCTh eBaHreJIH38UHOHHOH )le.HTeJibHOCTH I1Hcyca no qncJiy o6pameHHbIX Ha TOM 9Tarre, TO I111cyc, HeC0MHeHH0, He MOr 6bI CqfIT8TbC.H O)lHHM H3 C8MbIX DJIO)lOTB0pHblX M8CCOBbIX eBaHreJIHCTOB UepKBH.

EfO CTPATEfH51

ffoqeMy? TioqeMy I1Hcyc YMhIIIIJieHHo cocpenoroIIHJI CBOIO }KH3Hb Ha 9T0M cpaBHHTeJibHO M8JIOM KO·

JIHqecrBe n10neii? Pa3Be OH rrpHIIIeJI He )lJI.H roro, IJT06bI crraCTH MHp? Bbip83HTeJibHOe 38.HBJiemie HoaHHa KpecTHTeJIR o HeM eme 3eyqaJio B yrnax y MHO}KeCTBa JIIO)lett, H TbIC.HqH HeMe)lJieHHO IT0CJie)l0·

B8JIH 6bI 38 yqHTeJieM, eCJIH 6bI OH 9TOro 38XOTeJI. TioqeMy }Ke OH rorna He 11crroJib30BaJI CeoH B03· MO}KHOCTH II He M06HJIH30B8JI MorymecTBeHHYIO apMHIO eepyIOll.lHX, qro6hI B3.HTh MHp IIIrypMoM? KoHeqHO, CbIH 60}KHH MOr 6bI HCITOJib30B8Tb 6onee «3cpcpeKTHBHYIO» nporpaMMY M06HJIH38UHH Mace. KaK }Ke T8K nonyqHJIOCb, qTo Tor, IT0)l qbHM KOM8H)l0B8·

HHeM Haxonurc.H BC5I BceneHHa.51, Tor, KoropbIH }KHJI H yMep, 11ro6bI crracrH MHp, 1rnen B pe3yJibTaTe CeoHX rpy)l0B TOJibKO HeCKOJibKO o6opB8HUeB-yqeHHKOB?

OTBeT Ha 9TOT BOnpoc cpa3y yKa3bIBaeT Ha HCTHHHYIO ueJib Ero nJiaHa eBaHreJuI3aUHH. I-focyc He CTapaJICH npoH3BeCTH BneqaTJieHHe Ha TOJiny, OH xoTeJI BBeCTH Jironeii B UapcTBO. 3TO 3HaqHT, qTo OH Hy}KnaJIC.51 B JIIOnHx, KOTOpbie MOrJIH 6bI noBeCTH MaCChI. K8KaH noJih38 ObIJI8 6b1 nJIH Ero KoHeqHoii ueJIH, ecm-1 Ohl OH no3B8JI 38 Co6oii M8CChI H He ooecneqHJI HX HH peryJIHpHbIM Han3opOM, HH H8CT3BJiem.YeM B nyTH? MHO}KeCTBO CHTYBUHH noK33blBaeT, qTO TOJin8, OCT3BJieHH8H Oe3 noJI}KHOro noneqeHH.51,- 3T0 JierK851 no6h1q3 nJIH JI0}KHblX KYMHpOB. ToJinbI 0blJIH KaK 6ecnOMOlllHbie OBUbl, 6ecueJibHO oJiy}Kn8roJJ.J.He 6e3 naCThipH (MK. 6: 34; Mcp. 9: 36; 14: 14). OHH rOTOBbl 0hlJIH nocJienoBaTh qyTb JIH He 38 Ka2Knh1M, KTO rroooem3JI Obi HM 6JiarorroJiyqHyro 2KH3Hb, 6ynh TO npyr HJIH Bpar. 3TO 0blJI8 Tp8renHH BpeMeHH - 6JiaroponHbie CTpeMJieHH.51 M qaHHHH JierK0 npooyJKnaJIHCb B JIIOnHx non BJIHHHHeM J,facyca H c TaK0H JKe OhlCTpoToii ncqe3aJIH non BJIHHHHeM

JIJKHBhlX peJIHrHO3HblX BO}Kneii, HMeBlllHX Han HHMH BJI8CTh. nyxOBHO CJienbie BOJK,ll.H lfapaHJI.51 (l-fH. 8: 44; 9:39-41; 12:40; cp. Mcp. 13-1-39), xorn nx OhIJIO cpaBHHTeJibHO HeMHOro, * IlOJIHOCTbIO ynpaBJIHJIH ne-

* f JiaBHhIMH B02KJI.51MH l-fapaHJrn, IlOMHMO pHMCKHX BJiacTeH, 6bIJIH q>apHceH H ca.ri:.ri:yKeH, H BC51 peJIHrH03Ha51, o6mecTBeHH851 H B HeKOTOpOH CTeneHH TIOJIHTHIJecKa51 2KH3Hh npH6JIH3HTeJibHO ,nayxMHJIJIHOHHoro Hapo.ri:a TTaJiecTHHhI onpe,neJISIJiach HX .rr.e51TeJihHOCThJO. Coo6mecTBO q>apHceeB B OCHOBHOM COCT051JIO H3 paBBHHOB H COCT051TeJibHhIX JIJO,LI.eH, H, corJiacHO no.rr.ci:i:eTaM Hornq>a cJ)JiaBH51, He npeBhllnaJio 6.000 11eJI0BeK; o6mee 2Ke IJHCJIO ca.ri:.rr.yKeeB (B 9TY napTHIO BXO,l{HJIH B OCHOBHOM nepBOCB51IUeHHHKH, tJJieHbl c1rne.ri:pH0Ha H HX ceMbH), Bep051THO, He HaCtJHThIB3JIO H HeCKOJihKHX COTeH. EcmI npHH51Th B pactJeT, IJTO 9Ta MaJia51 npHBHJierHpoBaHHa51 rpynna Meuee 11eM B

.naMH Hapo,na. Ec.nH 6b1 06pa1JJ.eHHbIM Httcyca He

6bIJIH ,naHbl OT Bora KOMIIeTeHTHbie JII0,1J.H, 1IT06bI BeCTH HX H 3ammu.aTb B HCTHHe, TO OHH CKOpo BrraJIH

6bI B CM51TeHHe H OT1I351HHe, a 3TO rroc.ne,nHee 6bIJIO

6b1 xy:iKe rrepBoro. Tio3TOMY, rrpe:iK,ne 1IeM MHpy BO· 061JJ.e MO:iKHO 6bIJIO OKa3aTb cylll,eCTBeHHYIO H .9cp· cpeKTHBHYIO IIOMOIJJ.b, Heo6xo,nHMO 6bIJIO BOCIIJ:ITaTb

JIIO,nei%, KOTOpbie Mor JIH 6bI BeCTH 33 co6oii M3CChI, IIOMora51 HM IIOCTHraTb Eo:iKbH HCTHHbI.

Httcyc 6hIJI pea.nHCTOM. OH B rroJIHOii Mepe oco3HaBaJI HeIIOCT051HCTBO H H3MeH1IHBOCTb HCIIOp1IeHHOH

1IeJIOBe1IeCKOH rrpHpO,nbI, KaK H TO, 1ITO caTaHHHCKHe

CHJibI OIIOJI1IHJIHCb rrpOTHB 1IeJIOBe1IeCTBa. Y1IHTbIBa51

3TO, OH HCIIOJib30B3JI TaKOH IIJiaH eBaHreJIH33UHH, KO·

TOpbIH rro,nxo,nHJI K ,naHHOH CHTyaUHH. MHo:iKecrno pa3,nHpaeMbIX rrpoTHB0pe1IH51MH H CMyIJJ,eHHbIX ,nyrn 6bIJIH IIOTeHuHaJibHO roTOBbI c.ne,noBaTb 33 HHM, HO CaM I-facyc rrpocTo He Mor 06ecrre1IHTb HM To JIHl!Hoe rrorreqemie, B KOTOpOM 0HH Hy:iK,naJIHCb. E,nHHCTBeH· H351 B03MO)KHOCTb 6bIJia rrpHo6peCTJi JIIO,neH, KOTOpbie c,ne.naJIH 6hI 3TO BMecrn Hero. Tio3TOMY OH cocpe,noT01IHJIC51 Ha Tex, KTO ,1J.0JI)KHbI 6bIJIH CTaTb rrepBbI· MH ,nyxoBHhIMH BO:iKJJ.51MH. XoTH OH ,neiicTBHTeJibHO )KeJiaJI IIOM01Ib MHO)KeCTBY, CHTyaUHff BhIHy)K,naJia Ero IIOCB51THTb Ce651 B OCH0BH0M JIIHllb HeKOTOpbIM, tITO· 6bI B KOHelJHOM HTOre MOrJIH 6bITb crraceHbl M3CCbI. BoT B 1IeM 6bIJia IIO,lI.JIHHHa5i reHH3JibH0CTh Ero CTpaTerHH. 7.000 qeJIOBeK, cocTaBJI5IBIIIa5I OKOJIO 0,3% HaceJieHH5I lfapaHJI51, pernaJia JlYXOBHYIO cy}lh6y H3UHH, TO HeTPYJlHO IlOH5ITh, l10· 1IeMy I-IHcyc TaK MHoro roBOpHJI O HHX CBOHM y1IeHifK3M, o6b· 5ICH5I5I CTpaTernqecKyIO Heo6XO}lHMOCTb e JIY1IllIHX BO:>K.lI,5IX.

COBPEMEHHOE UPMMEHEHHE. UPMHUMUA

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OH OCTABAJICSI C HHMH

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KHlDKHHKOB H 33KOHoyqHTeJiefl:. PeJIHrH03Hbie yqIIreJI5I Ero BpeMeHH HaCTaHBaJIII Ha TOM, qTo6bI IIX yqeHHKH CTporo npH,uepMHB3JIHCb onpe,ueJieHHhIX pIIryaJIOB H cpopM 3HaHH5I, no K0TOpbIM HX II OTJIIIqaJIH OT ,npyrnx; l1Hcyc Me npocHJI TOJihKO, qT06b1 Ero yqeHHKH CJie,UOB3JIH 3a HttM. 3HaHHe He nepe,uaBaJI0Cb Yq1neJieM B BH,Ue saK0HOB H ,uorM, OHO saKJIIoqaJIOCb B MHBOH JIHqHoCTH Toro, KTo xo,uHJI c HHMII. Ero yqeHHKH OTJIIIqaJIIICb OT ,upyrHX He BHellIHett npIIBepIB.eHHOCTbIO K orrpe,ueJieHHblM o6p5I,UaM, a TeM, llT0 0HH 6bIJIH c HttM, tt ITOTOMY 6bIJIH rrpIIllaCTHbl TOMY, 4eMy OH yqIIJI (I1H. 18: 19).

«3HATb» 03HAlfAJ10

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I1MeHHO 6Jiaro,uap5I 3TOMY o6ru.eHHIO y11eHHKaM ,uo3B0JieHO 6b1J10 «3HaTb TattHbI UapcTBH51 BoMH51» (J1K. 8: 10). 3HaHtte 6bIJIO noJiyqeHo II3 o6ru.emrn, npeJK,ue qeM TIOH5ITO II3 06b5ICHeHH5l. 3ry MblCJib XOporno HJIJIIOCTpHpyeT CJie,uyIOllI.HH npIIMep. O,uHalK,Ubl o,nttH H3 Ero rpyrrrrhI crrpocttJI: «KaK MOJKeM 3HaTb rryrb?» Ero Borrpoc orpaMaJI Hecrroco6HocTb rroHHTb cyTh CB.HTOH TpoHUbI, H I1ttcyc 0TBeTIIJI: «51 ecMb rryrb, H HCTHHa, II MH3Hb» (I1H. 14: 5-6). npyrttMII

CJIOB3MH, OH CKa3aJI, 4T0 Ha 3ror BOrrpoc yMe ecrb Orser, ,uocraroqHo r0JibKO yqeHHK3M 0TKpbITb rJiasa Ha BorrJioru.eHHYIO ,uyxoBHYIO PeaJibHOCTb, MHBYill.YIO cpe,lJ,I-1 HHX.

3Ta rrpocTaH MeTO,UHKa BH,uHa c caMoro HallaJia. OHa OTKpbIBaeTC51 B TOM, KaK I1ttcyc npIIrJiaruaJI JIIO3* 35

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C06JIIO,ll.EHHE TIPHHU.HTIA

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TIOJ.1.fOTOBKAK KOHEqHoA U.EJHI

UeJieHarrpaBJieHHOCTh Httcyca CTaHOBHTC.H oqeBHAHOH, eCJIH BHHMaTeJibHO rrpocJie)lHTb C06bITH.H, ormcaHHhie B EBaHremm. OKa3bIBaeTC.H, BO BTopoii H TpeTHH ro)lbI CBoero cJiy)KeHirn XpHcToc yAeJI.HJI H36paHHhIM yqeHHKaM BCe 0OJibl.l.le, a He MeHbllle BpeMeHH, KaK MO)KHO 6bIJIO 6hr O)KH)laTh. * lfacTO OH YXO,lLHJI c HHMH B KaKHe-HH6y)lb ropHbie MeCTI-IOCTH CTpaHbJ, r)le On 6bIJI OTHOCHTeJibHO

* HeKOTOpbie yqeHhie, HanpHMep f eHpH JlanM, yrnep2i{,r:r_alOT, l!T0 AO H36paHH5I AnocTOJJOB rnaBHOH 3a60TOH I1ttcyca 6hlJlll TOJlTibl npHX0,11_5Ill.I,HX K HeMy e'IIOJI,ett, H Jlllllib Bil0CJJe,LI,CTBHH 0!1 ncpeHec Bee CBoe BHHMaHHe Ha yqeHllK0B, B oco6eHHOCTH 11a ,nBerI3JlU3Tb (Hanry Latham, Pastor Pastorum, pp. 188269.) Onpasnauo TaKoe pa3ne.r1e1-rne HJI!r HeT, tj)UKT o::Taeror <IJaKTOM: no :vrepe Toro KaK WJJO BpCMH, Hncyc ;~ettcrn1neJ1bHO Bee 6om,me 11 60J1bU1e nornHu.1,aJJ Ce6H Anocro.11cn1.

HeH3BeCTeH, CTpeMHCb, HaCKOJibKO B03M0)KH0, H36e)KaTb BHHMaHHH T0JIIlbI. OHH rrpe,nrrpHHHMam1 COBMeCTHbie rryTernecrnm1 K ceBepo-3arra,uy B Tnp 11 Ctt,uoH (MK. 7:24; Mcp. 15:21); B «rrpe,neJibI )leCHTH· rpa,nHH» (MK. 7:31; cp. Mcp. 15:29) H B «rrpe,ueJihI )laJIMaHycpcKHe» Ha IOrO-B0CTOKe r aJIHJieH (MK. 8: 10; cp. Mcp. 15:39); H, HaKoHeu, B «ceJieHHH Kecapn11 <l>HJIHTITIOBOH» Ha ceBepo-BOCTOKe (MK. 8: 27; cp. Mcp. 16: 13). 3m nyTernecrn1rn ,neJiaJII-ICb onacrn

H3-3a OTII103HUHH cpapnceeB H BpaLK,ue6HOCTH Hpona, HO rJiaBHbIM o6pa30M rrornMy, qrn H11cyc omymaJI Heo6xO,UHMOCTb 6WTb Hae,n11He C yqeHHKaMH. TT03Me OH rrpoBeJI co CBOHMH yqeHHKaMH HeCK0JihK0 MeC5I· ueB B Ilepee, Ha BocrnqHOM 6epery Hop,uaHa (JlK. 13:22-19:28; l1H. 10:40-11:54; Mcp. 19:1-20:34; MK. 10:1-52).

Kor,ua TaM co6paJiacb onrro3HUHH, Hncyc «yme He XO,UHJI HBHO MeLK,uy Hy,ueHMH, a rrorneJI 0TTyna B CTpaHy 6JIH3 nyCTbIHH, B ropo,u, Ha3hIBaeMblll EcppaHM H TaM ocTaBaJicH c yqeHHKaMH CBoHMH» (HH. 11: 54). Korna HaKoHeu ,UJIH Hero HacTyrrnJio BpeM5I H,UTH B Hepycamrn, OH He cJiyqattHO «OT03BaJI ,uBeHanuaTb yqeHHKOB O,UHHX», OT,UeJIHB HX OT OCTaJihHhIX, H Me,UJieHHO HarrpaBHJICH K I1epycam1My (Mcp. 20: 17; cp. MK. 10:32).

HeT HHqero Y.UHBHTeJibH0ro B TOM, qTo B TeqeHHe nocJie,nHeii He,neJIH Httcyc Boo6me He BhmycKaJI Csoiix yqeHHKOB H3 rroJIH 3peHHH. )laLKe Korna OH MO· JIHJIC5I O,UHH B fecpCHMaHHH, Ero yqeHHKH HaXO)I.H·

JIHCb OT Hero TOJibKO Ha pacCTOHHHH 6porneHHOro KaMHH (JIK. 22:41). Pa3Be He TaK 6brnaeT B ceMhe, Korna rrpH6JIHLKaeTCH qac paccTaBaHHH? C6eperaeTC5I

KaLK,n,aH MHHyTa, TaK KaK BCe OC03HaIOT, qTQ TaK:or0

6JIR3KOrO o6memrn: BO IIJIOTH 60JibIIIe He 6y)leT. TTpoH3HeCeHHbie B IIO)l06HhIX o6CT05ITeJibCTBax CJIOBa BCer)la ,llparoueHHhI. He cpa3y, a TOJihKO KOrJI.a BpeM5I Y*e 6b1JI0 6mrnKo, yqeHHKH XpHcTa rroCTHr JIH r Jiy60qa111IIee 3Ha qeHHe Ero rrpHCYTCTBH51 (I1H. 16: 4). HeCOMHeHHo, HMeHHO 3THM o6b5ICH5IeTC5I TO, qTo aBTOphl EBaHreJIHH TaK MHOfO BHHMaHH5I yJI.eJIHJIH 3THM noCJie)lHHM )lH5IM. TTOJIOBHHa BCero, qTo HaIIHCaHO 06 l1Hcyce, rrpOH3OIIIJIO B JIOCJie)lHHe MeC5IUhI Ero )KH3HH, H oco6eHHO B IIOCJie)lHIOIO He)leJIIO. HarrpaBJieHHe, KOTopoMy I-facyc cJieJI.OBaJI BCIO )K:H3Hb, oco6eHHO 5ICHO rrpO5IBHJIOCb B )lHH, KOTOpbie IIOCJie)lOBaJIH 3a Ero BOCKpeceHHeM. l.Jpe3BbJqa11HO HHTepeCHO, qTo JIOCJie BOCKpeceHH5I BO BCex )leC5ITH cJiyqa51x Xpttcrnc 5IBJI5IJIC5I TOJibKO CBOHM rrocJie)loBaTeJI5IM, oco6eHHO H36paHHhIM ArrocToJiaM.* HaCKOJibKO Mhl MO:>KeM IIOHHTh 113 DH6JIHH, HH O,llHOMY HeBepyIOW.eMy qeJIOBeKy He cyM)leHO 6blJIO YBH)leTh rrpocJiaBJieHHoro focrro)la. 11 3TO He TaK Y* CTpaHHo. He 6hIJIO HYMJI.hl B036Y2KJI.aTh TOJirrhI Ero 3cpcpeKTHhIM 5IBJieHIIeM. l.JTO 6bI OHH MOr JIH C)leJiaTh? Ho yqeHHKOB, KOTOphie B OTqa5IHHH 6e2KaJIH IIOCJie pacrrnTH5I, Heo6XO)llIMO 6bIJIO OMHBHTh B Bepe II yrnep,llHTb B HX MHCCHH BCeMHpHoro 3HaqeHH5I. Bee Ero cJiyMeH11e 6blJIO HarrpaBJieHO Ha HHX. TaK 11 6brJio. BpeMH, KOTopoe l111cyc rroCB5ITHJI 3THM HeMHOfHM yqeHHK3M, HaCTOJlhKO BeJIHKO no cpaBHeHHIO C BpeMeHeM, BbI)leJieHHhIM OCTaJibHhIM,

* 3TOT cpaKT r.ny6oKo OC03HaBaJIC5I yqcm:IKaMH, TieTp roBopirn: «Cero 6or BOCKpecHJI s TpeTHH JJ,eHb H JJ,a.n EMy 5IBJI5IThC5I He BCeMy HapoJJ,y, HO CBHJJ,eTeJieM, npe,ll,hI36paHHbIM OT Bora, HaM, KOTOpbre C HHM eJIH H IlHJ!H, I'IO BOCKpeceHHH Ero H3 MepTBhIX» (.UeHH. 10: 40-41).

I.ITO 3T0 M0.>KH0 paccMaTplrnaTb T0JibK0 KaK HaMepeHHYIO cTpaTern10. OH rrp·oao,zuIJI co CaoHMH y1IeHHKa-· MH. 0OJibIIIe BpeMeHH, 1:IeM co BCeMH 0CTaJibHbIMH, BMeCTe B35IThIMH. OH eJI ·c HHMH, crraJI H roaopHJI 66JibllIYIO 11aCTb acero Caoero aKTHBHoro cJiy.>KeHH5I. Omr BMeCTe X0)I.HJIH no 6e3JIIO)I.HbIM ,lI.0poraM; BMeCTe BXO)I.HJIH B MHOfOJIIO)I.Hble ropo,ll.a; BMeCTe IIJiaaam1 H JIOBHJIH pb16y B fa.nHJieikKOM MOpe; BMeCTe MOJIHJIHCb B nycThIHHbIX MeCTax H Ha ropax; BMeCTe II0KJI0HHJIHCb B CHHarorax H B XpaMe.

O6paTHTe BHHMaHHe: ,ll.a.>Ke K0r,lI.a l1Hcyc CJIY.tKHJI ,lI.pyrnM, y11eHHKH Bcer,ll.a 0hIJUI c HHM p5I,ll.0M. Kor,n.a OH o6paIII,aJIC5I K T0JIIIaM, K0T0pbie TeCHHJIH Ero, K0r,lI.a BCTynaJI B 6oph6y c KHIDKHHKaMH H cpapHCeHMH, K0T0pbie cTpeMHJIHCh noiiMaTh Ero B JI0BYillKY, HJIH fOBOpHJI C KaKHM-HHOY)I.b 0)1.HHOKHM HHill.HM Ha ,ll.0pore, y11eHHKH Bcer)I.a 6bIJIH rro6JIH30CTH - 11To6b1 Ha0JIIO)I.aTb H CJiyIIIaTb. TaKHM o6pa30M, BCe, tJT0 HH JJ,eJiaJI l1Hcyc, rrpHH0CHJI0 JJ,BOHHOH pe3yJihTaT: OH yJJ,emrn BHHMaHHe BCeM Hy.>KJJ,aIOIIJ,HMC5I H rrpH 3TOM ocyIIJ,eCTBJI5IJI CJiy.>KeHHe CBOHM y11eHHKaM, KOTOpbie 6bIJIH p5I,l1,0M. OHH rroJiytJaJIH TI0Jib3Y OT Bcero, lITO OH f0B0pHJI H JJ,eJiaJI JJ,pyrnM, IIJIIOC' - pa3'b5ICHeHH5I H. C0BeTbl JII,ftlH0 JJ,JHI ce65I.

TaKOe 6JIH3KOe H II0CT0HHH0e o6IIJ,eHHe Tpe60B8JIO OT l1Hcyca TIOJIH0H CaM00TJ(aqH, y Hero 6yKBaJibHO He ocTaBaJI0Ch BpeMemr JJ,JI5I Ce6H. KaK MaJieHbKHe JJ,eTH, .>KalKJJ,YIIJ,He BHHMamu1 OTII.a, ytJeHHKH Bcer,n.a «BepTeJIHCh noJJ, HoraMH» y Y 1mTeJIH. ,Ua.>Ke Ero yeJJ,HHeHHhie M0JIHTBbl 0HH II0CT0HHH0 Ha pylllaJIH CB0HM BMeillaTeJibCTB0M (MK. 6:46-48; cp. J1K. 11:1). ijo 1rnaqe 1rna11e l1Hcycy 6bIJIO HeJib3H. OH xoTeJI. 6bITb c HHMH. OHH 6bIJIH Ero ,uyxoBHbIMH ,ueTbMH 40-

(MK. 10:24; Htt. 13:33; 21:5), a oTeu M0)KeT rroHacTo.HmeMy BOCITHThIBaTb CB0HX ,11,eTefi, TOJibKO HaX0,11,.HCbp.H,!l.OM C HHMH.

OCHOBA YCflEXA

3TOT rrpHHUHIT TaK oqeBH,IJ,eH, u BCe JKe pe,ll.K0 KTO ITbITaeTC5I rrpHMeHHTb ero Ha npaKTHKe. OH He cpa3y 6pocaeTC.H B rJia3a, H JII0,11,H yrrycKaIOT ero H3 BH,11,y. O,11,HaKO OT CBOHX ytieHHK0B HHcyc Tpe6oBaJI rrpe,11,eJibHoro BHHMaHHH K CBOHM ,11,ettCTBHHM. B rrocJie,IJ,HHe ,ll.HH yqHTeJib oco6eHHO CTapaJIC5I 3arreIJaTJieTb B HX C03HaHHH CMblCJI Toro, lJTO OH ,ll.eJiaeT. K rrpHMepy, 0,11,Ha)K,IJ,bl, o6pama.Hcb K TeM, KTO TPH ro,11,a cJie,11,oBaJI 3a HHM, HHcyc cKa3aJI: «Bbl 6y,1J..eTe CBH,11,eTeJibCTB0BaTb, ITOTO MY lJT0 Bbl C Ha qaJia co MHOIO» (HH. 15: 27). CKpOMHO H He3aMeTHO ,11,JI.HMHpa yfacyc BOCITHTbIBaJI JIIO,IJ,eH TaK, lJT06bl 0HH CTaJIH Ero CBH,11,eTeJIHMH rrocJie Toro, KaK OH yft,11,eT, a Ero cnoco6 BOCITHTaHH.H 6bIJI rrpocT: OH 6bIJI B ITOCT05IHH0M o6meHHH c HHMH. HMeHHO II0T0MY lJT0 0HH «rrpe6bIBaJIII c HHM» B Ero HCKyrneHHHX, HM 6b1J10 rrpe,11,Ha3HalJeHo 3aH5ITh Be,ll.ymtte MeCTa B Ero BelJHOM uapcTBe, r,11,e OHH 6y,11,yT eCTb H ITHTh 3a Ero CTOJI0M H CH,11,YTHa rrpecTOJiax cy,ll.HTb ,ll.BeHa,nuaTb K0JieH I-fapaHJI.H (JlK. 22: 28-30).

HeBepHO 6y,1J..eT, 0,ll.HaK0, 3aKJIIOlJHTh, lJT0 rrpHHrum cJie,11,oBaHHH 3a HttcycoM pacrrpocTpaH.HJIC.H HCKJIIOlJHTeJihH0 Ha rpyrrrry ArrocToJIOB. Httcyc cocpe,11,0roqHJI Bee CBoe BHHMaHHe Ha 3THX HeCKOJihKHX H36paHHbIX JIIO,lUIX, HO B pa3HOH CTerrem-1 OH npO.HBJIHJI raKy10 )Ke 3a60Ty H O ,11,pyrnx, CJie,IJ,oBaBWHX 3a HHM. K rrp1rnepy, OH rrorueJI ,11,0Mo11 K 3aKxeIO rrocJie ero

o6pam.eHH51 Ha 11epHXOHCKOH JlOpore ( JIK. 19: 7) H rrpoBeJI C HHM HeKOTOpoe BpeMH, npe:>K]le tJeM YHTH H3 ropo,ll.a. TTocJie o6pam.eHHH 2KeH1I.I.HHhI y KOJio,nua

B CaMapmI 11Hcyc 3a,ll.ep:>KaJICH Ha HeCKOJibKO ,ll.Hett

B CHxape, tJT06b1 HacTaBHTh JIIOJI.eii aToi1 o6rn.ttHhI, KOTOpble «yBepoBaJIH B Hero no CJIOBy MeHW.HHbl CBH]leTeJibCTBOB3Bllleii», H 6Jiaro]lapH 3TOMY JIHqHOMy o6m.eHHIO C HHM «em.e 60JibllJee tJHCJIO yBepoBaJIO ITO Ero CJIOBy», He no CBH,ll.eTeJibCTBY MeHIU.HHbl, a noTOMY tJTO C3MH CJibilliaJIH CJIOBa yqHTeJIH (HH. 4: 3942). 1-lacTO TOMY, KTO noJiyqaJI OT yqHTeJIH IlOMOlll.h, TIO3BOJI5IJIOCb rrpHCOe]lHHHTbCH K CJie,ll.OB3BlliHM sa 11HcycoM, KaK, HanpHMep, BapTHMeIO (MK. 10:52; Mcp. 20:34; JIK. 18:43). TaKHM o6pa30M, MHorne npHcoe]lHH5IJIHCb K anoCTOJibCKOH rpynne, HanpHMep, ceMb,ll.eC5IT, 6bIBllIHX C HHM B TIO3]lHeM CJiy:>KeHHH B HyJI.ee (JIK. 10: 1, 17). Bee 3TH Bepy10m.He noJiyqaJIH OT HHcyca onpe,ll.eJieHHOe BHHMaHHe, HO ero HeJih351 6blJIO cpaBHHTb c TeM, tJTO y]leJUIJIOCb ,ll.BeHaJI.u.arH.

CJieJI.yeT ynOM5IHYTb TaKMe H o MaJieHbKOii rpynne BepHbIX 2KeHII.I.HH, «KOTOpbie CJIY)KHJIH EMy HMeHHeM CBOHM», K3K Map1rn H Mapcpa (JIK. 10:38-42), MapHH Mar,ll.amrna, HoaHHa, CycaHHa H «MHorne JI.pyrne» ( JlK. 8: 1-3). HeKOTOpbie H3 3THX 2KeHW.HH 6bIJIH c HHM ,ll.O KOHU.a. OH He OTBepraJI HX BeJIHKO· JI.YllIHOH Jl06pOTbI H qacTO TIOMoraJI HM B HX Bepe. TeM He MeHee HHcyc xopolllo 3HaJI o noJIOBOM 6apb· epe H, XOT5I H npHBeTCTBOBaJI HX TIOMOII.I.b, He CTapaJIC5I rrpHCOe,ll.HHHTb 3THX 2KeHII.I.HH K 1rn6paHHOH rpyrrrre CBoHx yqeHHKOB. B TaKoro po,ll.a cJieJI.OBaHHH eCTb orpaHH4eHH5I, KOTOpbie HY2KHO rrpH3H8B8Tb.

Ho qam.e Bcero y Httcyca rrpocTO He 6blJIO BpeMem-1, qT06bI y,ll.eJIHTb 3THM JIIOJlHM, 6y,ll.b TO My)l{-

qI-JHbl HJIH )KeHIIUIHbI, ,ll.OCTaToqHO BHHMaHH51. OH ,ll.eJiaJI BCC, tITO MOr, fl 3TO, HCCOMHCHHO, CJIY)KHJIO TOMY, qTO Ero yqeHHKH rJiy6oKo oco3HaBaJIH Heo6xo,UHMOCTb Herrocpe,ll.CTBCHHOH JIHtIHOH 3a60ThI O HOB0o6pameHHhIX, HO EMy rrpHX0,ll.HJIOCb rrpe)K,ll.C BCero II0CBHIII.aTb Ce6H 3a,ll.aqe B0CITHTaHHH HCCKOJibKHX JIIO,rr.ett, KOTOphle, B CBOIO oqepe,ll.b, MOrJIH rrp051BHTh TaK0ro po,ll.a JiflqHoe BHHMaH11e K OCTaJibHbIM.

UEPKOBb - BOnJIOlll.EHHE

nPHHUHnA

TTpo6JieMa rrpo.HBJieHH.H JIHqHoii 3a60TbI o Ka)KJJ.0M BepyIOIII.CM pa3pernaeTCH TOJibKO rrpH rrpaBHJibHOM rroHHMaHHH cyIII.HOCTH H Ha3Haqemrn UepKBH. 3JJ.ecb yMeCTH0 3aMeTHTh, tIT0 UepKOBh, KaK ee rrpeJJ.CTaBJI51JI ce6e 11Hcyc, - K0r,ll.a BepyIOIII.He B3aHM0,ll.CHCTBYIOT JJ.pyr C JJ.pyroM, - 6bIJia rrpaKTHqeCKHM B0ITJI0III.CHHCM Toro, qTQ OH JJ.CJiaJI C JJ.BCHaJJ.uaTbIO

T0JibK0 B 6oJiee KpyrrHOM MaCII1Ta6e.* <l>aKTHqeCKH,

* HeJih3H He 3aMeTHTh s 3TOH CBH3H, tJTO s EsaHreJIHHX ropa3.ll.O 11ame rosopHTcH 06 «y11eHHKax», T. e. KaK o e,/J,HHOM TeJie, 11eM O KaKOM-JIH6o OT)J,eJibHOM y11eHHKe. T. PaJib<p MopTOH eme )J.aJibllle npocJie:»urnaeT 3TO H yTsep:>K.n.aeT, 11To 6oJibUIHHCTBo ynoMHHaHHH 06 OT)l~_llbHblX y11eHHKax CB513aHbl C HX oUIH6KaMH, Tor.n.a KaK o rpyrrrre s 11.eJIOM 11ame scero rosopHTcH, Kor.n.a pe1Ib H,/J,eT 06 HX pa.ll.OCTHX, IlOHHMaHHH H )J,OCTH)KeHHHX. KpattHe sa:>KHO IlOMHHTb, lJTO 3TO 6hIJIO HallHCaHO yqeHHKaMH Il0,11. B,Il.OXHOBeHHeM CBHTOro ,Uyxa, a He l-'.IHcycoM, 3TO IlOKa3bIBaeT, lJTO y11eHHKH xopollIO IlOHHMaJIH csoe MeCTO. He CJie.n.yeT ,n.yMaTb, lJTO OHH He HMeJIH 3Ha11eHHH KaK OT,Il.eJibHb!e JIHlJHOCTH, H6o 3TO 6hIJIO He TaK. Y,n.HBHTeJibHO, HO yqeHHKH IlOHHMaJIH, lJTO HX f OCilO,Il.b CMOTpHT Ha HHX KaK Ha TeJIO BepyIOW.HX, 06y11aeMb!X ,Il.JI51 o6meii MHCCHH. l3Jiaro.n.ap51 XpHCTY OHH BH.ll.eJIH ce6H npe:>K,n.e scero UepKOBhIO, a so s1opy10 011epenh - OT)l.eJibHb!MH JIH1IHOCT5IMH BHYTPH TeJia.

HMeHHO UepKOBb crroco6Ha ocyru.ecTBHTh rrpHHIJ.Hrr CJie.L(OBaHHH sa XpHCTOM. To eCTb, rpyrrITa BepyIOI.IJ.HX craHoBHTCH Te.noM XpHCTa 11 B 3TOM Ka qecTBe cJiy2KHT .npyr .npyry HH)lHBH.nyaJibHO H KOJIJieKTHBHO. Ka2K)lhIH q.neH 3Toro o6'be.L(HHeHHH ITO Bepe HMeJI B c.ny2KeHim CBOIO oco6y10 tiaCTb. Ho qTo6bI OHH MOrJUI BbIIIOJIHHTh CBOIO pOJib, HX Heo6XO.L(HMO 6bIJIO 06yqa Tb H B)lOXHOBJIHTb. IloKa H11cyc 6hIJI C HHMH BO ITJIOTH, OH 6hIJI HX B02K)leM, HO ITOTOM ITPHHHTb Ha ce6H 3TO PYKOBO)lCTBO HeHs6exrno .L(OJI2KHa 6hIJia UepKOBh. CJie.noBaTeJihHO, HHcyc )lOJI2KeH 6b1JI o6yqaTb 11x TOMY, tJTO .neJiaJI OH CaM: yMemm ocyru.ecTBJIHTh IIOCTOHHHOe JIHqHoe o6ru.eHHe c HeCKOJibKHMH JI36paHHbIMH JIIO.L(bMH.

HAlIIA nP06JIEMA

Kor.na UepKOBh ycBOHT 3TOT ypoK? TiporroBe,n_b MaccaM He06XO)lHMa, HO 3TOro He .L(OCTaToqHo, qTQ6bI ITO.L(fOTOBHTb JIII.L(epOB eBaHreJIH3Ma. He CMoryT 3TOro C)leJiaTb H c.nyqafIHbie MOJIHTBeHHble co6paHH5I, n rro.nroTOBHTeJibHbie KypCbl. Co3H.L(aTb JIIO.L(eH HeJierKO. 3To Tpe6yeT IIOCTOHHHOro JIHqHoro BHHMaHHH, BeCbMa IIOXO2Kero Ha TO, KaKoe OTeu y.neJrneT CBOHM )leTHM. 3ro Heqro TaKoe, 1 1ero He MoryT c.neJiaTh HM opramrnauHH, HH KypCbI, HH lllKOJibI. ,UeTeH He BOCITHTbIBaIOT ITO )lOJiry CJiy2K6bI. TipnMep H11cyca yqHT Hae, qro 3TO MO2KeT ocyru.ecTBJIHTbCH TOJibKO JJIO)lbMH, )lOJI2KHbIM o6pa30M TIO.L(fOTOBJieHHhIMH )lJIH pa6oTbI c TeMH, KeM OHH pyKoBO)lHT.

UepKOBb .HBHO He npeycrreJia B 3TOM, II rrocJie,uCTBHH MoryT 6hITh rparnqecKHMH. B UepKBH Mttoro rOBOpHTC.H O eBaHreJIH3Me H O xpHCTHaHCKOM BOCTIH44,

Tamm, HO rrpOHBJIHeTCH M3J10 noneqemrn: 0 JIH4HOM 06memn1, TaK KaK oqeBIIAHO, 4To TaKoI1 rpyA BJietJeT sa co6ott He06XO,ll.lIMOCTb mepTBOBaTb co6crneHHbIMH npHBH.neriu1MII. Kotte4HO, MHon1e uepKBH rrpoBO,LI.5ITC HOBhIMII 4JieH8MII CBOero po,LI.a KOHqmpMaUIIOHHhie 6ece,LI.hI, o6hilJHO pas B He,LI.emo HJIII B MeC5IU, H T. n. Ho OCTaJibHOe BpeM.H xpHCTIIaHCKHM BOCTIHTaHHeM MOJIO,LI.oro o6parn.eHHOro a6CO.ITIOTHO HIIKTO He 3aHHMaeTC5l, OH MO)KeT pa3Be 1ITO rrpHcyTCTBOB3Th Ha CJiy)K6ax s uepKBII HJIII XO,ll.IITh B BOCKpeCHYIO lllKOJiy. ECJIH HOBhIH xpIICTII8HHH (B TOM CJiyqae, ecJIH OH ,LI.eHCTBIITeJibHO crraceH) He IIMeeT pO,LI.IITe.neA HJIH Apy3efl, KOTOphie MOrJIH 6hI rro-HaCT05lllI,eMy 3aITOJIHI1Th 3TY nyCTOTY, TO OH ITOJIHOCThIO rrpe,LI.OCTaBJieH CaMOMY ce6e B IIOHCKaX perneHHH 6eC1IHCJieHHhIX npaKTI11IeCKHX rrpo6.neM, c KOTOpbIMI1 OH CTaJIKirnaetCH B CBoefI )KII3HII II Ka)K,LI.a5I II3 KOTOpbIX MO)KeT HaHeCTII rpoMa,LI.HhIH ypoH ero Bepe. TipH TaKOM 6ecCHCTeMHOM, c.nyqai'fHOM CJie,lI.OBamm BepyIOllI,IIX He YAIIBHTeJihHO, lITO OKOJIO IIOJIOBHHbl HCITOBe,LI.OBaBlllHX XpIICTa If rrpIICOe,LI.HHIIBlllHXC5I K u.epKBH ITOCTerreHHO OTIIa)l.8IOT HJIII Tep5IIOT rrepBOHaqaJibHYIO 5IpKOCTb xpIICTHaHCKOrO OIIhITa, II BCe MeHhIIIe y HHX CTpeM.neHHH K II03HaHI1IO II )Ke.namrn rrpHHHTb yqacTIIe B K8KOM-HII6y,n:.h CJiy)KeHirn )1.JI5I Uapcrna. EcJIII BOCKpeCHhie c.ny)K6bI II 6ece,n:.hI c HOBhIMH qJieHaMH - 3TO see, 1ITO uepKOBh MO)KeT c,n:.eJiaTb )lJIH pa3BIITHH MOJIO,il.hIX o6pameHHbIX, TO OHa CaMa )lHCKpe)lHTIIpyeT co6cTBeHHhie ue.nH, Ha,n:.e5ICb

Ha JIO)KHOe, 11 eCJIH qeJIOBeK rroc.nenyeT 3TOMY JieHHBOMY rrpHMepy, TO 3TO npIIHeceT 60Jibllle spe,n:.a, qeM I10Jlb3bI. H11qeM He B03MO)KH0 3aMeHHTb o6rn.eHIIe C

JIIO)lhMH, I1 HeJierro B006pa)KaTb, 1ITO 4TO-HH6y,n:.b eme

,npyroe (KpOMe pa3Be qy ,ua) MO)KeT BhipacntTb CHJlb· HblX xpHCTHaHCKHX Jrn,nepoB. ,Ua H B KOHUe KOHUOB, ecJIH CaM Hncyc, Cbrn 6oMHH, Haxo,zIJICb rrol!TH noCT05IHHO B Te1Iem1e Tpex JieT co CBOHMH HeCKOJlbKH· MH yqeHHKaMH, BCe-TaKH rroTep5IJI 0,UHOrO H3 HHX, KaK Ha,ueeTC5I uepKOBb crrpaBHTC5I co CBOeii 33,LJ.aqefI, paCCl!HThIBa5I JIHlllb Ha co6paHH5I, ycTpaHBaeMbie

HeCKOJibKO pa3 B ro,u?

nPHMEHEHHE nPHHUHnA CEfOJJ.HSI

TToJIHTHKa I111cyca B 3TOM BOrrpoce 5IBHO yqHT

Hae, l!TO KaKoii 6b1 MeTO,u pyKoBo,ucTBa HOBoo6pameHHhIMH HH yCBOHJia uepKOBb, OHa )lOJIMHa ITOJIO· MHTb B ero OCHOBY rrpHHUHil HH)lHBH,nyaJibHOH 3a60Tbl O Tex, KTO ,UOBepHJIC5I ee rrorreqeHHIO. TTocTyITHTb HHa qe - 3TO 3H31IHT IIOKHHYTb HOBhlX Bepy10mnx, rrpe)l0CT3BHB HX BOJie ,Ub5IBOJia. ,UoJIMHa 6bITb BBe,neHa orrpe,ueJieHH35I CHCTeMa, cor JI a CHO KOTOpofI BC5IKOMY o6pameHHOMY ,uaeTC5I ,upyr-xpHCTH3HHH, H yBepoBaBllIHH ,UOJDKeH CJie,UOB3Tb 33 HHM ,no Tex rrop, ITOKa caM He 6y,neT B COCT05IHHH BeCTH ,upyroro. HacTaBHHKY CJie,nyeT rrpoBO,UHTb C yBepoBaBllIHM KaK MOMHO 60Jibllle BpeMeHH, BMeCTe C HHM 113yqa51 6tt6JimO H MOJIHCb, OTBella5I Ha Bonpocbl, pa3'h5ICH5I5I eMy Te HJIH HHhie HCTHHbI H BMeCTe C HHM I10MOra5I ,upyrHM. EcJIH B uepKBH HeT TaKHX H3CT3BHHKOB, rOTOBbIX HC· ITOJIH5ITb 3TO CJiyMeHHe, TO HYMHO TIO)lfOTOBHTb XOT5I 6hI HeCKOJibKHX. A e,nHHCTBeHHbIH cnoco6, KOTOpbIM HX MOMHO no,nrOTOBHTb, - 3TO ,naTb HM JIH,nepa )lJ151 CJie,UOB3HH5I. I1TaK, Mbl ,naJIH OTBeT Ha BOnpoc, KaK 3TO ,neJiaTb, HO Heo6XO)lHMO TIOH5ITb, l!TO C TIOMomhIO 3TOro Me-

'fO)I.a MO)l{HO )I.OCTHllb ueJrn TOJlbKO TOr)I.a, KOr)I,a noCJie)I.OBaTeJIH npaKTI-IKYIOT TO, IJeMy yIIaTCH. A Tenepb HaM npe)I.CTOHT ycBOHTb CJie)I.yIOIUHH OCHOBHOH npHHUHTI CTpaTerHH Y4HTeJIH.

rAaBa 3

nOCBRW.EHHE

«Bo3bMure uw Moe Ha ce6Jl»

Mc/J.11:29

OH TPE60BAJI flOCJIYUJAHlUI

I1ncyc 02KII,LI.aJI OT Tex, C KeM OH 6hIJI, ITOCJiylllaHII51. OT HIIX He Tpe6oBaJIOCb yMa H pacTOpOITH0CTH, OT HIIX Tpe6oBaJiaCb BepHOCTb. 3To CTaJIO 0TJIH1IH· TeJihHOH qepToii, rro KoTopo:n HX Y3HaBaJIH. Hx Ha3BaJIH Ero «yqeHIIKaMH», qTo 03HaqaJio, qT0 0HH yqHJIIICh y YqnTeJIH. HecKOJihKO II032Ke nx cTaJIM Ha3hIB3Th «XpIICTIIaHaMH» (JLeHH. 11: 26), H 9T0 6bIJIO Heif36e2KHO, TaK KaK co BpeMeHeM TIOCJIYllIHbie noCJie,LI.OBaTeJIII HeII3MeHHO rrpHHIIMaIOT BHyTpeHHMH 06JIHK CBoero B02K.l(5I. flpoCTOTa 9T0ro II0,LI.X0,LI.a Y,LI.HBJI5IeT, eCJIH He nopa2KaeT. Hn O,LI.Horo II3 yqeHHKOB 11Hcyc npe2K,LI.e BCero He rrpOCHJI C,LI.eJiaTb IICUOBe,LI.aHIIe Bep~ IIJIH np~ IUITh ITOJIHOCTblO oqmueHHOe yqeHHe, XOT5I OHM, HeCOMHeHHO, rrpH3HaBaJIII J,facyca Mecrnefl (11H. 1:41, 45, 49; JlK. 5:8). B TOT MOMeHT Bee, qTo Ott rrpocHJI

ux .n.eJiaTh,- 3TO cJieJI,oBaTb 3a HHM. KoHetJHO, B 3TOM rrepBOHa qaJibHOM rrpHr JiallleHHH HCHO rro,npa3yMeBaeTCH rrpH3hIB K Bepe B Jll:lqHOCTb XpHCTa l:I K rroc.rryrnaHHIO Ero C.rroBy. EcJIH 3TO He 6hIJIO IIOHHTO HMH c ca Moro Ha qa.rra, TO 6bIJIO BOcrrpHHHTO BITOCJieJI,CTBHH, ITOKa OHH rrpOAOJI)K3JIH CBOH rryTh C yql{TeJieM. HHKTO He 6y ,ueT CJie,UOB3Th 33 qeJIOBeKOM, KOTOpOMY OH He AOBepHeT, If HHKTO HCKpeHHe He npe,LI.rrpHMeT rnara BepbI, eCJIH OH He roTOB If He )KeJiaeT ITOBHHOBaTbCH TOMY, qTQ fOBOpHT ero H3CTaBHHK HJIH BO)K,LI.b.

UYTb KPECTA

TToHa qa.rry K333JIOCh, lJTO CJieJI,OB3Th 3a 11HcycoM ,ll.OBOJihHO JierKO, HO 3TO oru.yru.eHHe 6bIJIO OT Toro, qro OHH eru.e CJIHWKOM MaJio npornJIH c HHM. CKopo CT3JIO HCHO, qTQ ITOHHTHe «yqeHHK XpHCTa» BKJIIOtJaeT B ce6H ropa3JI,O 60Jibllle, qeM rrpOCTO pa,uoCTHOe npHHHTHe o6eTOB3HHH O MeCCHH: 3TO 03HatJaeT Heo6xo,ll.HMOCTh OTJI,aTh Y4HTeJIIO BCIO CBOIO )Klf3Hh B ITOJIHOe no,LI.qHHeHHe Ero BepxoBHoii BJiaCTH. He MOrJIO 6h!Th HHK3KHX KOMilpOMHCCOB. «H1maKOH CJiyra He MO)KeT CJIY)KHTh ABYM rocrroJI,aM: H6o HJIH o,uHoro 6yAeT tteHaBHAeTh, a Apyroro JII06l:1Th; HJIH OJI_HOMY CTaHeT ycep,nCTBOB3Th, a O .n.pyroM Hepa.n.eTb. He MO)KeTe cJiy)KHTh Bory H MaMMOHe» (JIK. 16: 13). Heo6xo.D.HMO 6bIJIO ITOJIHOCTblO OCT3BHTh rpex. CTapmi o6pa3 MbICJieH, rrpHBhllJKH H YAOBOJihCTBHH MHpa Hy)KHO 6h!JIO 3aMeHHTh HOBott AHCUHITJIHHOH Uapcrna 6o)Khero (Mcp. 5: 1-7: 28; JlK. 6: 20-49). CoBeprneHCTBO JII06BH 6bIJIO Terrepb e,LI.HHCTBeHHblM MepHJIOM noBeJI,eHHH (Mcp. 5: 48)' H 3Ta JII060Bb AOJI)KHa 6h!Jia 4 3aK. 950 49

11po~1BHTbC}l B Il0CJiylllaHHH XpHCTy (l,1H. 14:21, 23):

0HH ,LI.0JI)KHhl 6bIJIH 110CB5ITHTh ce65I TeM, pa,LI.H cnacemrn KoTop hIX Ott yMep ( Mcp. 25: 31-36) . B 3TOM

6bIJI KpecT -0X0TH0e 11 ,LI.o6pOBOJ1bHOe 0TpetieH11e OT ce65I pa,LI.H .LI.pyrnx (MK. 8: 34-38; 10: 32-45; Mcp. 16:24-26; 20: 17-28; JlK. 9:23-25; HH. 12:25-26; 13: 1-20).

3m

6bIJIO TPY ,LI.Hoe yqeHHe. He MHorne 113 HHX

Mor JIH rrpHH5ITb ero. HM HpaBHJIOCb qifCJIHTbC5I cpe,llH

Ero rrocJie,LI.0BaTeJie11, Kor.LI.a OH HarroJIHHJI HX )KeJIY.LI.KH xJie6oM H pb16011, Ho K0r,LI.a HHcyc HaqaJI roB0pHTh 06 HCTHHH0H ,LI.yxoaHofi ueHH0CTH UapcTaa H o 2Keprne, Heo6xo,LI.HMo:n ,LI.JIR ,LI.OCTH2KeHH5I ero (l1H. 6: 25-59), «MHorne H3 yqeHHK0B Ero oT0lllJIH oT Hero H y)Ke He xo,LI.HJIH c HHM» (HH. 6: 66). KaK 0H11 ro-

B0pHJIH: «KaKHe cTpaHHhle cJioaa! KTo M02KeT 3TO cJiyrnaTb?» (HH. 6: 60, a aHrJIHHCKOM rrepeBo,LI.e 6116JIHH: «KaKHe rn2KeJihle ( TPY.ll.Hhle) CJioaa!» - rrp11M. rrepea.). Y .LI.HBHTeJihH0 To, qTo I111cyc He rro6e)KaJI 3a HHMH, 11bITa5ICb 0CTaHOBHTb HX H y6e,LI.HTb OCTaTh· C51 B «CITHCKe qJieH0B». OH rOTOBHJI JIH,LI.epOB )])I5I UapcTBa, H, ecJIH OHH co6HpaJIHCb 6h1Tb cocy.z:r.aMH, rrpHrO,LI.HhIMH ,LI.JUI CJiy)KeHHH, HY2KHO 6hIJIO rrJiaTl1Th.

Bb(qucJIUTb U3)].EP)l(KH

Te, KT0 He llleJI TaK, KaK Tpe6oBaJI I1Hcyc, a CBOe BpeMH OTITa,LI.aJIH OT rryn1. OHH 0T,LI.eJI5IJIHCb OT 113· 6paHHOH rpyrrrrhI H3-3a caoero co6crneHHoro ce65Imo6H5I. l1y,LI.a, 0 K0T0p0M CKa3aH0 KaK 0 ,LI.b5IBOJie ( I1H. 6: 70), ,LI.ep)KaJIC5I ,LI.0 K0HUa, HO a K0HUe KOH· U0B aJiqH0CTb 3aBJia,LI.eJia HM (MK. 14: 10-11, 43-44; Mcp. 26: 14-16, 47-50; JlK. 22:3-6, 47-49; HH. 18:2-9).

TipocTO HeB03MOLKH0 6hIJ10 CJie,U0BaTh 3a 1'1HcycoMt He OCB060,UHBlllHCh ITOJIHOCThlO OT MHpa, H Te, KT0 TibITaJICH H36e2KaTb 3Toro, T0JibKO rrpHHeCJIH 60Jib H Tpare,uHIO CB0HM ,n.ylllaM (Mcp. 27: 3-10; ,lJ.eHH. 1: 1819).

Bo3MO)KHO, HMeHHO I103T0MY 11ttcyc TaK cypoB0 fOB0pHJI C KHHJKHHK0M, KOTOphlii rrpHllleJI H CKa3aJI: «Y11ttTeJih! H rroH,n.y 3a To6010, Ky,n.a 6hI Tb1 HH norneJI». l1ttcyc qecTH0 CKa3aJI 3T0MY, Ka3aJI0Cb 6bI, .n.o6pOBOJibUY Ha CJ1y2Kemre, l!T0 .9TO 6y,n.eT HeJierKo: «JlHCHUbl HMeIOT H0pbI, H ITTHUhI He6eCHbie = rHe3,n.a; a Chm 4eJ10Be1IeCKHH He HMeeT, r,n.e rrpHKJIOHHTh roJIOBY» (Mcp. 8: 19-20; JIK. 9:57-58). ,UpyroH yqeHHK XOTeJI HaHTH ITOBO,U, 1IT06bl He CJie,n.oBaTb 3a 11ttcycoM HeMe,n.JieHHO, OH CKa3a.n, l!TO ,UOJI2KeH CH a qaJia ITOHTH H noxopoHHTb caoero oTua, HO l1ttcyc He ,n.orrycTHJI rrpoMe,z:weHHH. «11,uH 3a MHoIO, - cKa3aJI OH, - H rrpe.n.ocTaBb MepTBbIM rrorpe6aTb CBOHX Meprneuoa; a ThI HJI.H, 6Jiaroaecrnyii UapCTBHe BoJKHe» (Mcp. 8: 21-22; J1K. 9: 59-60). )lpyroff qeJIOBeK CKa3aJI, l!TO OH II0CJie,LI.yeT sa l1ttcycoM, HO Ha CB0HX co6CTBeHHbIX ycJI0BHHX. OH xoTeJI rrpeJK,LI.e rrorrporuaTbCH co csoefr CCMbeH, B03MOJKHO, rrpe,LI.BKyllla5I YJI.OBOJibCTBHe OT 3Toro rrporuaHHH. Ho 11ttcyc rrpHMo cKasaJI eMy: «HIIKTO, B03JI0JKHBlllHH pyKy cao10 Ha rrJiyr H 03HpaIOW.HHCH Hasa,LI., He 6JiaroHa,LI.eJKeH JI.JIH UapcTBHH 6m1urn» (JlK. 9: 62). Y l1ttcyca He 6bIJio HH apeMeHH, HH JKeJiaHH5I OTBJieKaTbCH Ha Tex, KTO XOTeJI rroCTaBHTb CBOH co6CTBeHHbie ycJI0BH5I. Ilo3TOMY 6y JI.YIUHii yqeHHK ,uoJIJKeH 6hIJI BhlllHCJIHTb H3,LI.epJKKH. «I16o KT0 H3 Bae, 2KeJia5I IIOCTp0HTb 6alllHIO, He C5I)].eT npe)K,LI.e H He Bhll!HCJIHT H3,Uep2KeK, HMeeT JIH OH, l!T0 HYJKHo JI.JIH coaeplllemrn ee ... ?» 4* 51

(JlK. 14: 28). He C)J.eJiaTb 3TOfO 6bIJIO paBHOCHJibH0

TOMY, qTo6bI HaBJieqb Ha ce651 CM ex BCex OKpy1KaJOlll,HX. 2ho 2Ke 6bIJIO crrpaBe,LLJIHBO H ,LLJI51 BOIOIOlll.ero uap51, KOTOpblH He BblqHCJIHJI ueHy rro6e,LI,bl rrepe,Q cpa2KeH11eM. Tio,LLBO,LI,51BCeMy 3TOMY 11rnr, H11cyc cKasaJI: «TaK BC51KHH 113 Bae, KTO He OTpelllHTCH OT Bcero, qTo HMeeT, He MO2KeT 6bITb MOHM yqeHHKOM» (JlK. 14:33; cp. MK. 10:21; Mcp. 19:21; JIK. 18:22).

HEMHOfHE flJIATHJIH UEHY

Kor)J.a MHorne ocTaBHJIH Ero B KarrepHayMe H3· sa Toro, qTo OH He YAOBJieTBOpHJI HX 02Kn)J.aHHH, y Hncyca OCTaJiaCb TOJibKO ropCTKa TIOCJie)J.OBaTeJie11. 06palll,a51cb K )J.BeHaAuaTH, OH CKa3aJI: «He xoTHTe JIH n Bbl OTOHTH?» (HH. 6:67). 3TO 6bIJ1 pewaIOlll.liH

BOrrpoc. ECJIH 3TH HeCKOJibKO qeJIOBeK rrepecTaHyT cJie)J.oBaTb 3a HHM, TO qTo ocTaHeTrn oT Ero cJiy2KeH1151? CHMOH TieTp OTBeTirn: «rocrrO)J.H! K KOMY HaM ll,LLTH? Tb! HMeelllb r JiarOJibl Bel!HOH 2KH3HH, II MbI yBepoBaJI11 11 rro3HaJIH, qTo Tb1 - XpHcToc, CbIH Bora 2KHBoro» (HH. 6: 68-69). TioHCTHHe 3TH CJIOBa

ArroCTOJia ,LLOJI2KHbI 6bIJIH rrpH,ll.aTb YlIHTeJIIO yBepeHHOCTb, n6o C Toro BpeMeHH Httcyc Ha qaJI 60Jibllle roBOpHTb co CBOHMH yqemmaMH o CBoeM CTpa,ll.aHHH H CMepTH, H C 60JibllleH OTKpoBeHHOCTblO. *

* Do Kpaiitteif Mepe rnecTHa,11_1.i:aTb pa3 B npouecce CBoero cJiy)KeHH5I Httcyc fOBOpHJI O CBOHX CTpa,n:aHH5IX H cMepTH. ITepBb!e YIIOMHH3HH5I 06 .3TOM 6bUIH OKYT3Hbl T3HHOH, xorn B ll,eJIOM 6hlJIO 5ICHO, l!TO 33 HHMH CTOHT cpaBHeHHe Ero TeJia C xpaMOM, KOTOpb!H 6y,n:eT pa3pyrneH (HH. 2: 19), YIIOMHH3HHe o TOM, l!TO CbIH l.JeJioBetiecKHH 6y,n:eT B03HeceH, rro,n:o6Ho Me.a.HOMY 3MeIO B IIYCTb!He ( I1H. 3: 14)' 33MetraHHe O TOM, l!TO Ha-

noBHHOBATbCSI - 3HA11HT Y11HTbCSI

3To, 0,ll.HaKo, He 3HatJHT, l:JTO ytJeHHKII 6bICTpo rroHifMaJUI Bee, l:JTO fOBOpHJI rocrro,nb. ,UaJieKO He TaK. lJeJioBetJeCKHe cJia6ocTH, rrpIIcymtte HM, orpaHHtJirnacrymIT nHH, a K0TOpbie OH, KaK 2KeHHX, 6yneT 0THHT (MK. 2: 20; Mcp. 9: 15; JIK. 5: 35), npoBeneHHe aHaJIOrHH Me2Kny HHM H XJie6oM )KH3HH, KOTOpbIH Hano npeJIOMHTb H ecTb (HH. 6: 5158)' H, B03MO)KH0, CCblJIKa Ha npoHcIIIenIIIee C npopOK0M HoHOH KaK Ha 3HaMeHHe ( Mcp. 16: 14). TiocJie cMeJioro nonTBep2KneHH5! TieTpoM BepbI B HHcyca B KecapHH <l>HJIHnnoBoH, HHcyc HaqaJI HCHee OTKpbIBaTb yqeHHKaM, «qTo EMy noJI)KHO H.LI.TH B HepycaJIHM, H MHoro IlOCTpanaTb OT cTapeHIIIHH H nepBOCBHmeHHHKOB H KHH)KHHKOB, H 6bITb y6HTY H a TpeTHH neHb BOCKpecHyTb» (MK. 8:31; Mcp. 16:21; JIK. 9:22). C 3Toro apeMeHH H naJibIIIe, npoxonH C yqeHHK3MH 11epe3 f aJIHJieID, OH B rronpo6HOCTHX npencK33b!B3JI CBOIO CMepTb H BOCKpeceHHe (MK. 9:30-32; Mcp. 17:22-23; JIK. 9:43-45). H cHoBa OH roBopHJI 06 3T0M BO BpeMH nocJienHero nyTeIIIeCTBHH B HepycaJIHM, rrocJie cJiy:iKeHHH B Tiepee (MK. 10:33-34; Mcp. 20: 18-19; JIK. 18:32-33). TeMa Ero CMepTH 6bIJia npenMeTOM pa3rOBOpa c MoHceeM H HJIHeH Ha rope Tipeo6pa:iKeHHH (JIK. 9:31). 3To *e nonpa3yMeBaJiocb H B 3aMe11aHHH o npopoKe, He norH6aIDmeM BHe HepycaJIHMa (JIK. 17:25), H B CJIOBax O TOM, tITO rrpe)Kne, tieM BepHyTbCH B c.JiaBe, OH IlOCTpa,llaeT H 6yneT OTBeprnyT JIIO)lbMH ( JlK. 17: 25). OH ynono6HJI Ce6H no6poMy nacTblpIO, KOTOpbIH «IlOJiaraeT )KH3Hb CBOIO 3a OBeII» (HH. 10:11, 18), H IlIIIeHHlIHOMY 3epHy, KOTopoe, npe:iK)le qeM npHHeCTH IlJIO)l, na)laeT B 3eMJIIO H YMIIpaeT (HH. 12:24), 3a HeCK0JibK0 ]lHeH JlO Csoe11 noc.Jie)lHe11 TiacxH Hncyc cHosa HaITOMHIIJI yqeHHKaM, lITO OH «npe,llaH 6y)leT Ha pacnHTHe» (Mcp. 26:2), TI03)Ke B TOT )Ke caMbIH neHb B JI.OMe CHMOHa npoKa)KeHHoro OH o6bHCHHJI, tJTo ,llparoueHHoe MHpo, KOTopoe MapH5! B03JIHJia Ha Ero ro.JIOBY, 6bIJIO npe,llH33HatJeHO, lJT06bI npHroT0BIITb Ero K norpe6eHHID (MK. 14:8; Mcp. 26: 12). H, HaKoHeII, BO apeMH IlOCJie)lHeH BeqepH C y11eHHKaMH Hncyc cKa3a.JI 0 CsoeM Ha,llBHraIDmeMCH CTpa,llaHHH (JIK. 22: 15), H 3aTeM, Korna OH eJI xJie6 H ITH.JI BHHo, OH noJIO:iKIIJI HatJaJio o6pH.D.Y aocrroMHHaHHH o Ce6e ( MK. 14: 22-25; Mcp. 26: 26-29; .TTK. 22: 17-20).

.TIH HX crroco6HOCTb IIOCTHraTh r.ny60-qafnm1e HCTHHbl 3acTyIIHHtJecKoro c.ny)KeHH5I focrro,ua. Korna HHcyc rrocJie BeJIHKoro OTKpoBemrn B KecapHH <l>HJIHrrnoBOH

CKa3aJI ytJeHHKaM, tJTO 6y,ueT rrpe,uaH CMepTH pe;rnr:IIO3HbIMH BO)K,U5IMH B HepycaJIHMe, TieTp 6yKBaJib· Ho ynpeKHYJI Ero, cKa3aB: «By.uh MHJIOCTHB K Ce6e, focrro,uH! na He 6y,ueT 3Toro c To6010!» (Mcp. 16:22, cp. MK. 8: 32). Ha tJTo HHcyc .UOJI)KeH 6hIJI oTBeTHTh pb16aKy, tJTO ero 060.nbCTHJI caTaHa: «TioToMy tITo ,uyMaeIIIh He o TOM, tJT6 Bo)KHe, HO tJT6 qeJioaeqeCKoe» (Mcp. 16:23; MK. 8:33). Ho Ha 3TOM He KOH· tJHJIOCh. BHOBh H BHOBb HHcyc 6bIJI BhIHy)K,ueH roBOpHTh O CBoeft CMepTH Hee 3HatJeHHH ,UJI5I HHX, HO 3TO He ycBaHBaJIOCb HMH rro-HaCTO5IllleMy ,uo Toro ,umr, Korna OH 6hIJI rrpe,uaH B pyKrr CBoHx BparoB. He Y5ICHHB BIIOJIHe CJIOBa O KpecTe, OHH, KOHetJHO, CH a qaJia nyTaJIHCb H B IIOHHMaHHH CBOero co6CTBeHHOfO MeCTa B Uapcrne. HM 6h1.no TPY.UHO npnH5ITh yqeHHe O CMHpeHHOM CJiy)KeHHH ,upyrrrM ( JlK. 22:24-30; HH. 13: 1-20). 0HH ccopHJIHCb Me)K,uy co6oft, BhrnCH5I5I, KTO 6y,ueT 60.nhIIIIIM B UapcTBe (MK. 9: 33-37; Mcp. 18: 1-5; .TIK. 9: 46-48). HaKOB H HoaHH xoTeJIH 3aH5ITh rroqeTHbie MecTa (MK. 10: 35-37; M~. 20: 20), a npyrne ,ueC5ITb, rrpO5IBJI5I5I 3aBHCTJIHBhlH nyx, HeronoBaJIH no 3TOMY rroBo,uy (MK. 10: 41; M~. 20: 24). 0HH 6bIJIH HeyMeCTHO cypOBbl B CBOeM cyne Hall, TeMH, KTO He 6hIJI cornaceH c HHMH (.TIK. 9:5154). OmI poIITaJIH Ha pOJJ,HTeJieH, KOTOpbie XOTeJIH, tJT06bI HHcyc 6.narOCJIOBHJI HX JJ,eTeH (MK. 10: 13).

QqeBJIJJ,HO, 1ITO He BCe 6hIJIO IIMH rrepe)KHTO tt HCITbl· Ta HO H He B IIOJIHOH Mepe erne OHH IIOCTHr Jill, qro 3HatJHT CJieJJ,OBaTb 3a XpHCTOM.

H Bee 2Ke HHcyc TeprreJIHB0 rrpHHHMaJI qeJioBeqeCKHe He,LI.0CTaTKH CBOHX H36paHHhIX yqeHHK0B, TI0T0MY qTo, HeCM0Tp5I Ha Bee CB0H onrn6KH, 0HH 6hIJIH r0T0Bhl CJie,LI.0BaTb 3a HHM. O6paTHTe BHHMam1e, tJT0 crrycT5I HeMH0ro BpeMeHH, II0CJie Toro KaK Httcyc BrrepBbie rrpH3BaJI rrx, 0HH BepHyJIHCb K CB0eMy CTapoMy 3aHHTHIO pb16Hoii JIOBJieii (MK. 1: 16; M¢. 4: 18; JlK. 5:2-5; cp. 11H. 1:35-42), HO HX B03BpameHHe, Ka3aJI0Cb, He 6bIJIO BbI3BaH0 KaKHM-T0 aKT0M HerroCJiyIIIaH115I C HX CT0p0HbI. OmI rrp0CT0 He I10H5IJI11, qTO Ero ueJib - pyKoBo,rr.HTb nx iKH3HhIO, HJIH 06 3Toft ueJIH 11M eme He 6hIJIO CKa3aHo. Bo BC5IK0M CJiyqae, C Toro BpeMeHH, Kor ,rr.a OH BH0Bb rrorrp0CHJI HX CJie,U0Ba Tb 33 HHM, qTo6bI CTaTb «JI0BUaMrr qeJIOBeK0B», 0HH «0CTaBHJIH BCe H IT0CJie,rr.oBaJIH 3a HHM» ( .TTK. 5: 11, cp. M¢. 4: 22; MK. 1: 20). BrrocJie,rr.cTBHH, xorn HM rrpe,rr.CT05IJI0 eme MHOroe Y3HaTb, 0HH M0rJill CKa3aTb, tJT0 HX rrpe,rr.aHH0CTb XpHCTY 6hIJia HCTHHHOH (MK. 10:28; M¢. 19:27; .TTK. 18:28). C TaKlIMH

JIIO,UbMH 11rrcyc roT0B 6bIJI TeprreTb MH0rHe Bemrr, rrpOHCTeKaBIIIHe OT HX ,rr.yxOBHOH He3peJI0CTJI. OH 3HaJI, qTo 0HH rrpeo,rr.oJieIOT 3TH He,LI.0CTaTKH, B03pacTa5I B 6Jiaro,rr.aTH fl B I103HaHHH, 11 rrx crroco6HOCTb B0crrpHHHMaTb OTKpOBeHHe 6y,rr.eT B03pacTaTb no Mepe Toro, KaK OHH 6y,rr.yT rrpaKTHKOBaTb II0CTHraeMhie HMH HCTHHbI.

l-Iepe3 rrocJiylllaHne XpttcTy, TaKHM o6pa3oM, JIIO.UH Ero oKpy2KeHH5I Y3HaBaJIH 11cnrny. OH He rrpocttJI yqeHHKOB rrpHHHMaTb qTo-m160, eCJIH 0HH C0MHeBaJIHCb B HCTHHHOCTH 3TOro, HO HHKT0 He MOr CJie,rr.oBaTb 3a HttM, He rrocTttraH HCTHHY (HH. 7: 17).

I1Hcyc XOTeJI, qT06bI Ero yqeHHKH II0CBHTHJIJI CB0H )KH3HH He yqeHHIO, HO .TTHqHoCTH, K0TopaH CaMa 0hI-

Jia yii:emieM, a rrpe6brna.H B Ero CJIOBe, OHH MOrJIH I103HaBaTb HCnrny (}fa. 8: 31-32).

J].OKA3ATEJlhCTBO Jll06BM

HattBbICllla.H <pOpMa IIOCJiylllamrn TIOHIIMaJiaCb KaK

Bbipa:iKeHne JIIOOBH. 3TOT ypoK Bbipa3HTeJibHee BCero

6bIJI npeno,uaH HaKaHyHe Ero CMepTH. l(or,ua Ero yqeHHKH co6pam1Cb BOKpyr Hero B ropHHUe IlOCJie nacxaJibHoro y:iKHHa, l111cyc CKa3aJI: «EcJIH mo611Te

MeH.H, co6JIIO,UHTe Mott 3an0Be,u11... l(To HMeeT sa, rroBe,uH Mott H co6JI10,uaeT HX, TOT JIIOOHT Memr; a KTO JIIOOHT MeH.H, TOT B03JII06JieH 6y,ueT OrueM MoHM, H 5I B03JIIOOJIIO ero H .HBJIIOCb eMy CaM... KTO JII06HT MeH.H, TOT co6JI10,uaeT cJioBo Moe; 11 0Teu Mott B03JIIOOHT ero, H Mb! np11,ueM K HeMy H o6HTeJih y Hero coTBopHM. HeJIIOO.HI..UHH MeH.H He co6mo,uaeT

CJIOB Mottx; CJIOBO :iKe, KOTopoe Bbl CJiblllIHTe, He ecTb Moe, Ho rrocJiaBlllero MeH.H 0Tua EcJIH 3anoBe,utt MoH co6JI10,ueTe, rrpe6y,ueTe B JIIOOBH Moeii

Ctt.H ecTb 3an0Be,Ub Mo.H, ,ua JIIOOHTe ,upyr ,upyra, KaK 5I B03JIIOOHJI Bae... BbI ,upy3b.H Mott, eCJIH 11cITOJIH.HeTe TO, 4TO 5I 3an0Be,uy10 B3M» (l1H. 14: 15,21, 23,24; 15:10, 12, 14).

nOCJlYUJAHME,nPO~BJlEHHOE MMCYCOM

A6comoTHoe rrocJiylllaHtte BoJie 60:iKbeii, 6e3ycJIOBHO, 6hIJIO pyKOBO,U.HI..UHM rrpHHUHITOM :iKH3HH CaMoro Y4HTeJI.H. 6y,uyqH t.JeJioBeKOM, OH rrocTO.HHHO rro,u4HH.HJIC5i BOJie CBoero 0Tua, 4TO ,uaJio Bory B03-

MO)KHOCTb TIOJIHOCTblO HCTIOJib3OBaTb Ero 2KH3Hb ,ll,JIH

npeJI.Ha3Ha IIeHHOH ueJIH. To H .neJio OH roBopHJI 06 3TOM: «Mor1 nmua eCTb TBopHTb B0JIIO TTocJiaBinero

Memi H coBepllIHTb .neJio Ero» (I-fa. 4: 34); «He muy Moeii BOJIH, HO BOJIH nocJiaBlllero MeHrI OTua» (I1H. 5: 30, cp. 6: 38); «5! co6JIIOJI 3an0Be.ntt OTua Moero H rrpe6hIBaIO B Ero JII06BH» (I1H. 15: 10, cp. 17:4).

KyJ1hMHHauttr1 Bcero 3Toro -Ero MOJib6a B fecpcHMamrn: «He Mor1 BOJI5I, HO TBoH .na 6y.neT» (.TTK. 22:42; cp. MK. 14:36; Mcp. 26:39,42,44).

11 KpecT 6bIJI He qeM HHbIM, KaK KYJibMHHautte:ii, BeHqaIOIUe:ii npe.naHHOCTb I1ttcyca BoJie Bora. OH noKa3aJl, qTO B nocJiylllaHHH He M02KeT 6bITb KOMnpoMHCC0B; rrocJiylllaHHe - 3TO BCer.na npe.naHHOCTb .no cMeprn.

PeJ1HrH03Hbie B02KJI.H C MHpCKHM o6pa30M MbICJie:ii roBopHJIH rrpaB.ny, Kor.na HacMexaJIHCh: «,Upyrnx crracaJ1, a Ce6r1 He M02KeT crracrn!» (MK. 15: 31; Mcp. 27:42; JIK. 23: 35). K0He1IHO, OH He Mor cnacTH Ce651. OH rrpttllleJI He ,lI.JIH Toro, 1IT06h1 cnacaTh Ce6r1. OH rrpHllleJI crracTH MHp. OH «He ,l1.JI5I Toro npttllleJI, 4T06hI EMy cJiy2KHJIH, Ho 1IT06h1 rrocJiy2KHTh H oT.naTh ,uywy CBoIO ,l1.JI5I HCKyrrJieHHH MHOrnx» (MK. 10: 45; Mcp. 20: 28). OH «rrpttllleJI B3hICKaTh H cnacTH norn6rnee» ( .TTK. 19: 10). OH npttllleJI OT,lI.aTb Ce6H B )KepTBy Bory 3a rpextt Bcex. OH npttllleJI yMepeTb. He 6bIJ10 Apyroro crroco6a, KOTOpbIM M02KHO 6bIJIO 6bI HCITOJIHHTb HepyllIHMhIH 3aKOH Bora. 3TOT KpeCT, y2Ke npHH5ITbl11 I1M sapaHee (OTK. 13:8, cp. ,Ile5IH. 2: 32), c.neJiaJI Ka2K,lI.bIH mar Xpttcra Ha 3eMJie C03HaTeJibHbIM npHH5ITHeM Be1IHOH B02KbeH ueJIH, AJIH K0Topo11 6brJia rrpe.n.HasHa1IeHa Ero 2KH3Hb. TTo3TOMY Kor .na 11ttcyc fOB0pHJI O TI0CJiylllaHHH, TO 57

yqemIKH Mor JIH BH,UeTb ero BOTIJI0llleHHblM B qe.noBe1IeCKOM o6mme. HHcyc 3TO ccpopMyJIHpOBaJI TaK: «5I ,uaJI BaM npHMep, 1IT06bI H Bbl ,ueJiaJIH TO :>Ke, 1IT0 5I c,ueJiaJI BaM. HcnrnHo, HCTHHH0 roBopIO BaM: pa6 He 60Jibllle rocno,uHHa CBOero, H TI0CJiaHHHK He 6oJihIIIe nocJiaBIIIero ero. EcJIH 3T0 3HaeTe, 6Jia:>K:eHHhI Bbl, Kor ,ua HCTI0JIH5IeTe» ( HH. 13: 15-17). HHKTO He Mor He ycB0HTb 3Toro ypoKa. KaK lfacyc Haxo,UHJI 6Jia)KeHCTBO B HCII0JIHeHHH BOJIH CBoero OTua, TaK H Ero IlOCJie,UOBaTeJIH B 3TOM )Ke ,UOJI)KHhl 6hlJIH HaXO,UHTb CB0e 6Jia)KeHCTBO. 3TO BeJIHKHH ,U0Jir CJIY· rn:. ,Umi XpHCTa 3Ta HCTHHa 6b1Jrn HenpeJIO)KHOii, H HMeHHO 3TO ,UOJI)KHO 6bIJIO OTJIH1IaTb Ero yqeHHKOB (JlK. 17:6-10; cp. 8:21; MK. 3:35; Mcp. 12:50).

OCHOBHOA nPMHUMn

C T01IKH 3peHH5I CTpaTern:H, O,UHaKO, 3TO 6b!JI e,uHHCTBeHHbIH cnoco6, KOTOpbIM HHcyc Mor B03,UettCTB0BaTb Ha HX )KH3HH CBOHM CJIOBOM. 3TO cnoco6CTBOBaJI0 pa3BHTHIO B yqeHHKax xapaKTepa H TBep,UOCTH. ECJIH 0Teu X01IeT, 1IT06bI ,ueTH TI0X0,LUIJIH Ha Hero, TO OH ,UOJI)KeH Hay1IHTb HX TIOBHHOBaTbC.H.

CJie,uyeT TaKMe noMHHTb, 1ITO HHcyc cpopMttpoBaJI JIIO,UeH, KOT0pbie ,UOJI)KHbl 6bIJIH B03rJiaBHTh Ero no6e)K,ua10my10 UepKOBb, a HHKTO HHKor,ua He MO· )KeT 6bITb JIH,UepoM, eCJIH OH rrpeM,ue caM He HayqnT· C5I cJie,uoBaTb 3a JIH,uepoM. Tio3TOMY OH B0cnnTaJI CBOHX 6y,uylllHX KOMaH,UHpOB H3 p5I,UOBblX, BHYIIHIB HM npH 3TOM He06XO,UHMOCTb ,UHCUHTIJIHHbl H yBaJKeHH5I K BJiaCTH. HHKTO JIY1IIIIe HHcyca He 3HaJI, qro ,Ub5IBOJibCKHe CHJibI TbMbI, BblCTynaIOlllHe rrpOTHB HHX, xoporno opraHH30BaHbI H Boopy)KeHhl 11 cnoco6Hhl

C)leJiaTh 6e3pe3yJihTaTHOH BC5IKYIO HepermneJihHYIO II0IIblTKY eBaHreJIH3aum1. OHH He M0r JIH 6hI, B03M01KH0, rrepeXHTpHTb caTaHHHCKHe CHJibl 9T0ro MHpa, eCJIH 6hl He 6bIJIH rroJIH0CThIO rrpenaHhI ToMy, KTo 0)lHH 3HaJI CTpaTerHIO rro6e,UhI. 3TO Tpe6oBaJIO a6COJIIOTHOro IIOBHHOBeHH5I BOJie YtJHTeJI5I, qTo 03HatJaJio ,Ua1Ke TIOJIHhIH OTKa3 OT co6CTBeHHOH B0JIH.

COBPEMEHHOE UPMMEHEHHE

UPMHUMUA

CerO)lH5I Mbl CHOBa ,lI.0JI1KHbl ycB0HTb 9T0T ypoK. HeJib35I MellIKaTb, eCJIH pel!b H,ll.eT O IIOBeJieHH5IX XpHcTa. Mhl B0BJietJeHhI B cpa1Kem1e He Ha 1KH3Hh, a Ha CMepTb, H ,UeHb, KOr,Ua Mbl rrp05IBJI5IeM 6e3pa3JIHtJHe K HalllHM 065I3aHHOCT5IM, M01KHO CtJHTaTb rrorep5IHHhIM ,UJl5I )leJia XpHCTa. ECJIH Mbl IIOCTHrJIH X0T5I 6bI caMbie 9.JieMeHTapHbie HatJaTKII yqeHHtJeCTBa, TO )l0JI)KHbl 3HaTb, lJT0 Mbl rrpII3BaHbl 6hITb CJiyraMII

Ramero focrrona II rroBIIHOBaTbC5I Ero CJioBy. Hallie )leJI0 He paccy1K,UaTb, II0tJeMy OH rOBOpIIT IIMeHHO TaK, a He HHa qe, a T0JibK0 HCII0JIH5ITb Ero II0BeJieHH5I. EcJIH MhI, 3Ha.SI, qr6 OH xotJeT or Hae ceifqac (KaKHM 6bI He3peJibIM He 6bIJIO Hallie IIOHIIMaHIIe)' He M0)KeM II0JIHOCTbIO IIOCB5ITHTb ce6.SI .3T0MY, TO BeCbMa C0MHHTeJibHO, qTo Mhl rrpeycrreeM B Ero 1KH3HH II cJiy)KeHHII. B Uapcrne Her Mecra ,LI.JI.SI,LI.e3epmpoB, II60 IIO)l06Ha51 II03HUH51 He T0JibK0 rrpeII51TCTByer II03HaHHIO II B03paCTaHHIO B 6Jiaro,UaTH, HO lI )leJiaeT qeJIOBeKa He rrpIIr0)lHblM ,ll.Jl51 6HTBbl 3a eBaHreJUI3aUIIIO MIIpa. CJienyeT crrp0CHTb ce651, noqeMy TaK MH0ro JIIOnett, IICII0Be,UyIOIUIIX ce651 xpIICTHaHaMH, cero)lH.51 He

B03pacTaIOT B Bepe H He crroco6Hbl CBH,LI.eTeJibCTBO· BaTb? l1JIH, eCJIH pacumpHTh BOrrpoc, IlOIJeMy cospeMeHHa51 uepK0Bb TaK He9cpcpeKTHBHa B CB0eM CBH,UeTeJihCTBe MHpy? He IIOTOMY JIH, qTo KaK cpe,uH rrpocpeccHOHaJibHblX CJIY2KHTeJiefI, TaK H cpe,LI.H rrpHXO· 2KaH uapHT BCeo6iuee 6e3pa3JIHIJHe K IlOBeJieHH5IM

602KhHM, HJIH CBOero po,ua orpaHHIIeHHOe caMo,noBOJibHOe 6Jiaro,uynme? f ,ue rrocJiylllaHHe KpeCTy? TioHCTHHe 0Ka3aJI0Cb, IIT0 yqeHHe XpHCTa 0 CaMoOTpeqeHHH H II0CB511UeHHH 3aMeHeH0 CB0ero po,ua pecrreKTa6eJibHOH cp1rnococpHefI caMoyro2K,ueHH51 H BblfOJ]_bl.

OrpOMHa51 Tpare,LI.H51 B TOM, IIT0 ,ua2Ke Te, KT0 ITO· HHMaeT rrpoHCX0,LI.511Uee, He CJIHlllK0M MH0ro ,ueJlaIOT, lJT06bI HCrrpaBHTb 3TO IIOJI02KeHHe. B Hacromuee BpeM51 HY2KH0 He 0TIJaHBaTbC51, a ,ueiICTBOBaTb. ,llaBHO y2Ke rropa HCTOJIKOBaTb H yCHJIHTb rpe60B8HH5I K

IJJleHCTBY B uepKBH Ha ycJIOBirnX HCTHHHOro xpHCTH· aHCKOro yqeHHIJeCTBa. Ho O,UHOro 9TOro 6y,uer He,UO· CTaTOIIHO. Y IlOCJie,LI.OBaTeJieiI ,ll.OJI2KHhl 6bITb JIH,uepbl, a 9TO 3H81IHT, MaJio IITO M02KHO 6y,uer c,ueJiaTb C lJJleHaMH uepKBH, rroKa IITO-TO He 6y,LI.eT c,ueJiaHO c ee pyKoBO,LI.CTBOM. EcJIH 3Ta 3a,ua qa Ka2KeTCH HerroMepHOH, TO HaM rrpH,ueTC51 HaIIaTb TaK 2Ke, KaK J,focycy,B351Tb HeCKOJihKHX H36paHHblX II HaytJHTh HX IIOBH· H0BaTbC51. l1MeHHO TOr,LI.a, KOr,LI.a 3TOT rrpHHUHIT 6y,ueT npHMeHeH Ha rrpaKTime, Mhl CM02KeM II0JIH0CTbIO rrepeiiTH K cJie,LI.y10iueii cTyrreHH rro6e2K,LI.a10iueif cTparernH YlIHTeJI51.

nPMHRTMEJ).YXA

«flpuMure JJ,yxa CBR.1020» H1-1,.20:22

OH OT)].AJI CEBSI

Hsi:cyc xoTeJI, qTo6hI Ero nocJie,noBaTeJIH noBHH0BaJIHCh EMy. Ho, IIOHHMaH tteo6xo,nHMOCTh 3Toro, OH CO3HaBaJI, 4TO B Ero nyxe yqeHifKH OTKpOIOT 6oJiee rny60KHe rrepe)KI-fBaHH5I H, rrpHHHB Ero nyx, II03HaIOT J11060Bh Bora K rrorn6a10meMy MHpy. BoT rroqeMy Ero Tpe6oBaHHH AHCUHTTJIHHW rrpHHHM3JIHCb 6e3 B03pa)KeHHH. Y4eHlfKH IlOHHMaJIH, qTO OHH He rrpoCTO HcnoJIHHIOT 3aKoH, HO 0TBeqa10T ToMy, KTo JII06HT Hx H KTo )KeJiaeT 0T,naTb HM CaMoro Ce6H. UeJib Ero )KH3HH 3aKJI10qaJiaCb B TOM, qTo6w OT.uaBaTh, OH ,naBaJI HM TO, qTo ,naJI EMy OTeu (11H. 15:15; 17:4,8, 14). OH ,naBaJI HM Caofi MHp, 6Jiaro,napH KOTopoMy OH BhICT0HJI B HCTihITaHHHX (l1H. 16:33; cp. Mcp. 11: 28). OH AaBaJI HM CBOIO paA0CTh,

a KOTopoii OH TPY JJJIJIC.H cpe,nn oKpy}KaBlllHX Ero CTpa,nam:111 H CKop6e11 ( l1H. 15: 11; 17: 11). OH ,naJI HM K.moqH OT CBoero UapcTBa, KOTopoe He MOrJIH o,noJieTb CHJihI a,na (Mip. 16: 19; cp. JlK. 12:32). TToHCTirne, OH ,naJI HM CBOIO co6cTBeHHYIO cJiaBy, K0Topa5I rrpHHa,nJie}KaJia EMy rrpe}K,ne co3,naHH5I MHpoB, qT06bI OHH 6bIJIH e,nHHbl, KaK OH 6bIJI e,nHH C Onr,OM (l1H. 17:22, 24). OH 0T,naJI BCe, qro HMeJI, - HHqero He ocTaBHJI y Ce6.H, ,na}Ke co6cTBeHHYIO }KH3Hh. TaKOBa JII060Bh - 9TO Bcer,na caMOOT,naqa. TaM, r,ne ecrb }KeJiaHHe coxpaHHTb ce651, HeT JII06B11. B 9T0M CMbICJie l1Hcyc 5ICH0 IT0Ka3aJI CBOHM ITOCJie,UOBaTeJI5IM, qro 03HaqaIQT CJIOBa: «TaK B03JII06IIJI Eor MHp» (l1H. 3: 16). 3ro 3HaqHJIO, qro 6or OT,LI.3JI

Bee, qro I:IMeJI, TeM, Koro OH mo6HJI, ,na}Ke «Cbrna CBoero E,nHHopo,nHoro». A ,nJI5I Cbrna, BonJiomaBlllero 9TY JII060Bb, 9T0 03HaqaJio 0TKa3 OT co6cTBeHHOro rrpaBa }KHTh, lIT06bI HMeTb rrpaB0 0T,naTb }KH3Hb 3a MHp. J1 T0JlbK0 T0r,na, Kor,na 0C03Haelllb, qro CbIH 3aH5IJI MeCTO MHpa, HalIHHaelllb II0HHMaTb 3HalieHHe KpecTa.

I1MeHHo rro9TOMY KpecT XpHcra 6bIJI Hett36e2KeH, H60 6e3rpaHHqHa51 JII060Bb Bora M0r JI a HattTH TOJibKO 6e3rpaHHlIHOe Bbipa}KeHHe. TToCKOJibKY "LJeJIOBeK ,noJI}KeH 6hIJI yMepeTh 3a CBOH rpex, TO Eor no CBoett JII06BH ,n0JI}KeH 6bIJI rrocJiaTb CBoero Cbrna yMeperb BMeCT0 Hae. «Her 60Jibllle TOH JII06BH, KaK eCJIH KT0 IT0JIO}KHT ,nyllly CB0IO 3a ,npy3e11 CBOHX» (l1H. 15: 13).

n06Y)l(J1.EHHE K CJIY)l(EHIHO

BoT rroqeMy OH He yrrycKaJI B03MO}KHOCTb nepe,narb CBOHM II0CJie,noBaTeJI5IM rny6oKoe rro6y2K,neHHe

CBoefI coocTBeHHoii ,nynm, oxaatteHHOH nJiaMeHeM 6mKbeii mo6B11 K norn6a10meMy MHpy. Bee, qTo OH ,neJiaJI H fOB0pHJI, 6bIJIO BbI3BaH0 3TOH BCe06beMJIIOlll.efI C)lrnra10mefl CTpaCTbIO. Ero 2KH3Hb IIOCTerreHHO pacKpbrnaJia BeqHyIO 602KbIO ueJib - cnacTH ,nJI5I Ce65! JIIO,neii. 11MeHHO 3TO Kpafl:He Heo6xo,nHMO 6bIJIO Il03HaTb yqeHHKaM He B TeOpHH, a Ha rrpaKTHKe. 11 OHH BH,neJIH, KaK J,facyc e2Ke,nHeBHO ocymecTBJI5IeT 3T0 Ha rrpaKTHKe pa3JIHqHbIMH crroco6aMH. XoT5I qacTO 6bIJIO MyqHTeJibH0 Tpy,nHO rrpHH5ITb TO, qTo OH ,neJiaJI, HarrpHMep, Kor,na OH MhIJI HM Horn (11H. 13: 1-20), OHH He MOfJIH He IlOH5ITb, qTo OH HMeeT B m1,ny. OHH BH,neJIH, KaK HX yqHTeJib OTKa3aJIC5I OT MH0rIIX y.no6CTB II y,ll0BOJibCTBHH MHpa H CTaJI HM CJiyroii. OHH BH,lleJIH, KaK OH OTKa3bIBaJIC5I OT BCero Toro, qTo 0HH ueHHJIH, - qn13HqeCKHe y,ll0B0JibCTBH5I, Hap0,llH0e npH3HaHHe, npeCTH2K; T0r,lla KaK BCe, qero 0HH CTapaJIHCb JI36e2KaTb: 6e,LJ.HOCTb, YHH2KeHHe, CKOp6b H ,lla2Ke CMepTb - OH .no6pOBOJihHO npHHHMaJI pa.nH HHX. Ha6JIIO,na5I, KaK OH cJiyMHT 6oJibHhIM, yTernaeT CKOp65Illl.HX H 6JiaroBeCTByeT HHlll.HM, 0HH Il0CTerreHH0 0C03HaBaJIH, qTo Y4HTeJib HHKaKoe

CJiy2KeHHe He cqHTaeT CJIHillK0M MaJihIM H HHKaKyIO 2KepTBY CJIHillK0M 60JiblI10H, eCJIH 3T0 ,LJ.eJiaeTC5I ,llJ15I CJiaBbI 602KbeH. Omi He BCer.na Il0HHMaJIH 3T0 H, K0HeqHo, He M0fJIH o6b5ICHHTb, HO 0HH HHK0r,lla He M0rJIH OlI1H6HTbC5I B cyTH rrpOHCX0,ll5IllJ.ero.

EfO OCBSIII.(EHHE

OCB5Illl.emie 11Hcyca C0CT05IJI0 B Il0CT05IHH0M 06H0BJieHHH CBoeii nocB5Illl.eHH0CTH Bory qepe3 JII065Imee CJiy2KeHHe .npyrnM. 3To 5ICH0 6bIJIO CKa3aH0 B

Ero nepB0CB5lIUeHHHqecK011

M0JIHTBe: «KaK Thi nocJiaJI MeHH B MHp, TaK H 5l IlOCJiaJI HX B MHp; H 3a HHX 5l II0CBHIUaIO Ce651, qT06hI H 0HH 6hIJIH 0CB5Illl.eHhl HCTHH0IO» (l1H. 17: 18, 19). * 3aMeThTe, qTO 3TO oT.z::r.eJieHHe Ce6H JI.JIH Bora, K0Topoe Bb1pa2KeHo CJIOBOM «0CBHill.aIO» (HJIII «IIOCBHill.aIO»), )LJI51 l1ttcyca He 6hIJI0 tteo6XO)J.lIMblM C ueJibIO oqIIIll.eHH51, TaK KaK OH BCer.z::r.a 6bIJI qlICT. He 6hIJIO 3TO He06XO)J.HMbIM H )J.JIH Toro, qT06bl II0JiyqIITb CIIJIY )LJI51 CJiy2Kemrn:, TaK KaK l1IIcyc BCer.z::r.a o6Jia.z::r.aJI BCeIO CHJIOH, KaKyIO TOJibKO M0r lICII0Jib30BaTb. Ho Ero OCB5Illl.eHHe, KaK craHOBIITC51 5ICHblM H3 K0HTeKCTa, KaCaJI0Cb rrpe.z::r.aHHOCTH ueJIH, pa.z::r.H KOTOpoii Ott 6bIJI «IT0CJiaH B MHp», ** II, rroCBHTHB Ce6H 3TOH uem1 - eBattreJIH3aUHH, OH II0CTOHHHO OT)J.aBaJI CBOIO 2KH3Hb «3a HHX». l1TaK, Ero OCBHill.emie 6bIJIO He c ueJiblO co6CTBeHHOl1 Bblro)J.bl, HO pa.z::r.H Ero yqeHHKOB, qT06bI OHII M0rJIII 6hITb OCBHill.eHbI IICTIIHOIO».*** l1Haqe ro-

* B pyccKOM 5I3bIKe «ITOCB5IW.eHIIe» H «OCBHW.eHHe» 5IBJI51IOTC51 0)1.HOKOpeHHblMH CJI0B3MH; B aHrJIHHCKOM iKe rrepeso.n.e 6H6JIHH o6a 3TH IIOH51TH51 Bb!pa:>KeHbl 0)1.HHM CJIOBOM, 03HatJaIOmeM «ocsRmeHHe» (rrpHM. rrepes.).

** 06 OCBHW.eHHH 1'IHcyca rosopHTC51 T3K:>Ke B I1H. 10: 36, r.n.e CHOBa HaJIHUO H,ll.e51 cJiyiKeHH51.

*** Ecrb cymecTBeHH35I pa3HHUa MeiK,lI.y IIOCBHW.eHHeM J,focyca H ocBRW.eHHeM Ero ytJeHHKOB. Kor,n.a petJb H,n.er 06 ocBRW.eHHH YtJHTeJIR, yrroTpe6JI5IeTc5I rJiaroJI HacToHmero speMeHH, H3b51BHTeJihHOro H3KJIOHeHH5I, Bblpa:>KaIOW.HH TIOCT051HHoe .rr.eiicTBHe - «5I npO,LI.OJI:>KaIO OCB5IW.aTb Ce651». C ,11.pyroti CTOpOHbl, Kor,n.a I10cyc rosopHr B cJie,n.y10meti cppa3e o Cso0x yqeHHKax, ro ynoTpe6JIRer cTpa,n.aTeJibHoe npHtJacTHe coseprneHHoro BH,LI.a co CJIOBOM «6bIJIH» -Bee 3TO yKa3bJBaeT Ha onpe,n.eJieHHb!H KpHTHlJeCKHH MOMeHT B OCBHW.eHHH ytJeHHKOB, XOT51 TIO,II.qepKHBaeTC5I Bce-raKH ,LI.JIHTeJibHblH pe3yJibTar 3TOro KPHTHlJecKoro nepeJioMa. PacurnpeHHOe cso6o,n.Hoe TOJIKOBaHHe l1H. 17:19 ,LI.OJiiKHO 6b!Tb TaKHM: «Pa,n.H HHX 5I rrpO,LI.OJiiKaIO IIOCTO-

BOpH, oT,naBaH Ce6H Bory, lfocyc or,naBaJI Ce6H TeM, KTO OKpy2K:aJ1 Ero, qT06bl 0HH MOr JIH HayqHTbCH Ha rrpHMepe Ero 2KH3HH rro,no6Hott 2Ke rrpe,naHHOCTH TOH MHCCHH, pa,nH KOTopott OH rrpmneJJ B MHp. Bech Ero IlJlaH eBaHreJJH3aIJ,HH ,nep2K:aJIC51 Ha .9T0I1 IlOCBHIII.eHHOCTH H, B CBOIO oqepe,nb, Ha TOH BepH0CTH, C K0T0pott Ero yqeHHKH oT,naBam1 Ce6H B JJI06BII MIIPY, OKpy2KaBIIleMy HX.

KPMTEPMH CJIY)l(EHl151

3To ,ll.OJl)KHO 6bIJIO CTaTb KpHTepHeM OIJ,eHKll IIX co6cTBeHHOro CJly2KeHH51 BO IIMH Ero. OHII ,lI.OJl)KHhl

6hIJlll ,naBaTb ,napoM, TaK 2K:e, KaK rroJJyqIIJIH (Mcp. 10:8). OHH ,lI.OJ12KHbl 6bIJIH JII06HTb ,npyr ,npyra, KaK OH JII06HJI HX (11H. 13: 34, 35). 11MeHHO .9TO ,ll.OJl2K:HO

6blJIO 6bITb rrpHcyme Ero yqeHHKaM (11H. 15: 9, 10).

B .9TOM 3aKJJIOqaJJHCb Bee Ero 3arroBe,nII (11H. 15: 12, 17; cp. Mcp. 22:37-40; MK. 12:30, 31; JlK. 10:27).

J1I060Bb - JII060Bb foJJrocpbI - 6b1Jla MepHJI0M II

KplITeptteM. YqeHHKH Btt,neJJH .9TY JJI060Bb Ha rrporn2K:eHHH Tpex JleT, H TaK 2K:e, KaK 11Hcyc, 0HH ,lI.0Jl2KHbl

5IHHO o6HOBJI5!Tb M010 rrpe,rr.aHHOeTb ,rr.eJiy eBaHreJIH3aU.Hif, H 5I roTOB rrpHHeeTH JII06yIO 2KepTBy, KOTopa5! Heo6xo,rr.HMa ,llJI5! oeymeeTBJieHH5! 3Tofi u.eJIH Bora B Moefi 2KH3HH. 11 TaK KaK 5I 3HaIO, 1ITO HHKaK HHa1Ie HeJib35! rrpo,rr.omKHTb ,rr.eJio 602Kbe, 5I Toro 2Ke rrporny OT Bae. 5I rrpe,rr.Ha3Ha1IHJI BaM H,llTH H .n.eJiaTh Moe ,rr.eJIO, HO, rrpe2K,lle 1IeM Bbl IIO,llJIHHHO rrpo1IyBeTByeTe Moe eoeTpa,rr.aHHe K rrorn6aIOmeMy MHpy, Bbl ,llOJI)KHbl rroeBHTHTb Bee, 1IeM Bbl 5IBJI5IeTeeb H 1ITO Bbl HMeeTe, 602KbeMy rrJiaHy eBaHreJIH3aU.HH MHpa H rrpe6bIBaTb B 3TOM BeHKHH ,rr.eHb Barnett 2KH3HH». 5l yBepeH, 1ITO TaKa5! rrpe,rr.aHHOeTb e,rr.eJiaeT ,l.l.JI5! eBaHreJIH3aUHH MHpa 60Jihllle, qeM qTo-m160 ,rr.pyroe. HeeOMHeHHO, eJie,rr.yeT 60Jibllle y,rr.eJI5!Tb BHHM8HHH oeBHmeHHIO 2KH3HH.

5 3aK. 950 65

6blJIH OT,ll.aBaTb ce6.H a caMOOTBep}KeHHOH IIOCB5lnteHHOCTH TeM, KOro B03JII06HJI OTell, H 3a KOro yMep HX YllHTeJib (I1H. 17: 23).

TaKOe rrp05IBJieHHe JII06Bii Ii 6bIJIO TeM rryTeM, qepe3 KOTOpbIH MHp Mor Y3HaTh, lJT0 EBaHreJrne HCTHHHO. KaK HHa qe M02KHO y6e,ll,HTb MHJIJIHOHbl JIIO,ll,ett? J11060Bb - emrncTBeHHbitt crroco6 rroJiyllHTh ,ll,06poBOJibHblll OTKJIHK JIIO,ll,ett, a 3TO B03MO}KHO TOJibKO 6Jiaro,ll,ap51 rrpHcyTCTBHIO XpttcTa B cep,ll,u,e. TToTOMY Httcyc MOJIHJICH: «OTl!e TTpaBe,ll,Hhlttl H MHp Tefor He rro3HaJI; a 5I II03HaJI Te6.H, H CHH rro3HaJIH, lJTO TbI rrocJiaJI MeH.H; H 5I OTKpbIJI HM HMH TBoe H OTKpoIO, ,[(,a JII060Bh, Kornpo10 Tb1 B03JII06HJI MeH.H, B HHX 6y,ll,eT, Ii 5I B HHX» (11H. 17:25-26).

TPY)]. CBSITOfO )].YXA

TTyCTb HHKTO, 0,[l,HaKo, He B006pa}KaeT, lJTO TaKOH OIIhIT o6meHH51 C XpHCTOM MO}KeT 6bITb IIOJiylJeH C

IIOMOlll.bIO lJeJIOBelJeCKHX ycHJIHll. Httcyc 1Ipe3BbilJattHO 51CHO ,ll,aJI IIOH51Tb, lJTO Ero 2KH3Hb rrepe,ll,aeTCH TOJibKO 1Iepe3 CB.HTOro ,llyxa. «,llyx 2KHBOTBOpHT, IIJIOTh He rrOJih3yeT HH MaJio» (HH. 6: 63). BoT rrotJeMy, ,ll,a2Ke ,ll,JI.51 TOro lJT06hl Ha lJaTb 2KHTb BO XpHCTe, Ha,ll,Jie2KHT pO,ll,HTbC.H BHOBh (HH. 3: 3-9). Pa3Bparu.eHHa.H rrpHpO,ll,a qeJIOBeKa ,ll,OJI2KHa 6hITh B03p02K,ll,eHa ,llyxoM E02KbHM, rrpe}K,[l,e lJeM OH CMO2KeT BblIIOJIHHTb CBOIO HCTHHHYIO ueJib - rrpeo6pa3HTbC5l B o6pa3 602KHH. TaK 2Ke HMeHHO ,llyx IIO,ll,,ll,ep2KHBaJI H IIHTaJI npeo6pa2KeHHYIO 2KH3Hb ylleHHKa, no Mepe Toro KaK TOT B03pacTaJI B 6Jiaro,ll,aTH II B I103HaHHH (HH. 4: 14; 7: 38, 39). TeM 2Ke ,llyxoM 1IeJI0BeK OlJHIIJ.aJic.H 1Iepe3 CJioBo H OT,ll,eJI.HJICH ,ll,JI.H Bora Ha CB5IToe cJiyMeHHe

(11H. 15:3; 17:17; cp. Ecp. 5:26). OT HaqaJia ,uo KOHU.a Jno6oe JIHqHoe o6IIJ,eHHe c )KHBblM XpIICTOM 6bIJIO B03M0)KHO 6Jiaro,uapH pa6oTe CBHTOro ,llyxa. no TOMY )Ke CBH,UeTeJibCTBY, TOJibKO CB5IT0li ,llyx ,uaBaJI KOMY 6bI TO HH 6bIJIO crroco6HOCTb BbIII0JIH,SlTb HCKYIIHTeJihHYIO MHCCHIO eBaHreJIH3aU.HH. l1Hcyc IIO)].qepKHBaJI 3TY HCTHHY B caMOM HaqaJie B CB513H co CBOHM co6CTBeHHhIM Tpy,uoM, 3aHBJIHH, qTo BCe OH ,ueJiaeT B coTpy,z::r.HHqecTBe c «)lyxoM focrro,uHHM». 3TO 6Jiaro,z::r.a pH EMy, )lyxy, l1Hcyc 6JiaroBeCTBOBaJI HHIIJ,HM, HCU.eJI51JI COKpyrneHHblX cep,11.11.eM, rrporroBeAOBaJI OCB060)K,lI.eHHe ITJieHHbIM, OTKpbIBaJI rJia3a CJieIlblM, ll3fOHHJI 6eCOB H ,naBaJI CBo6o,ny H3MyqeHHbIM (JlK. 4: 18; Mcp. 12: 28). l1Hcyc 6hIJI EoroM B OTKpoBeHHH; )lyx )Ke 6hIJI BoroM B ,neiicTBHH. OH 6hIJI TTpe,ncTaBHTeJieM Eo)KeCTBa, cpaKTHqecKH ocymecTBJIHIOIIJ,HM t.J:epe3 JIIO,nefI BeqHblli IIJiaH crraceHHH. TTo3TOMY l1Hcyc o6'b51CHH.TI yqemmaM, t.J:TO )lyx rrpHroTOBHT IIYTb ,lI.JIH HX CJiy)KeHHH. OH ,naCT HM crroco6HOCTb roBopHTb (Mcp. 10:19,20; MK. 13:11; JlK. 12:12). OH 06.nHt.J:HT MHp «o rpexe Ho rrpaBAe II 0 cy,ne» (l1H. 16:8). OH ,nacT rrpocBeIIJ,eHHe HCTHHbI, t.J:To6b1 .n10,n11 rro3HaJIH r ocrro,ua (Mcp. 22: 43; cp. MK. 22: 36; l1H. 16: 14). Ero CH.TI0IO yt.J:eHHKaM 6bIJia o6eIIJ,aHa crroco6HocTb ,ne.naTb .rr.eJia IIX focrro.rr.a (l1H. 14: 12).* B 3T0M CBeTe eBaHremI3aU.H51 BOBCe He pac-

* Mbr rrpeTbIKaeMcH, KOr)J.a IIbITaeMcH IIOHHTb TY tiaCTb :noro CTHXa (HH. 14: 12), KOTOpaH HMeeT OTHOilleHHe K eBaHreJIH3aI.J,Hlf. B CTHXe yrnep2K,rr.aeTC5I He TOJibKO, lITO yqeHHKH 6y.lI.YT TBOpHTb ,rr.eJia XpHcTa, HO If qTo OHH 6y,rr.yT TBOpHTb «60JibllIHe ,rr.eJia», rroTOMY qTo Httcyc yxoJJ.HT K Onr.y. B 6yKBaJibHOM CMbICJie 3,rr.ecb roBopHTC5I, lITO yqeHHKH CHJIOH CB5ITOro ,Uyxa 6yJJ.yT JJ.eJiaTb Bee, qTo ,rr.eJiaJI HX focrro,rr.b (qrn y2Ke caMo no ce6e Bb!XOJJ.HT 3a paMKH 06bilIHOro)' H )J.a2Ke 60Jibllie. Httcyc 5* 67

cMaTpHBanacb KaK BeKoe qeJioBeqecKoe rrpe,urrpHHTHe, HO KaK Bo2KeCTBeHHblH 1rnaH, KOTOpbIH ocyrn.ecTBJIHeTC.51 c CaMoro HaqaJia H 6y,ueT rrpo,u0JI2KaTbC5I, II0Ka He 6y,ueT ,U0CTHrHyTa 602Kb.51 ueJib. 3TO, BMeCTe C TeM, Tpy,u ,Uyxa. Bee, qTQ Tpe6oBaJIOCb OT yqeHHK0B, - .9T0 ,uaTb ,Uyxy B03M02KH0CTb II0JIH0CTblO 06Jia,uaTb HX )KH3Hbl0.

,ll.PYfOA YTElllHTEJib

Pa,uH HX co6cTBeHHoro 6Jiara yqemrnaM 6b1JI0 Heo6xo,uHMO 6oJiee cyrn.eCTBeHH0 Y3HaTb 06 0TH0illeHirn ,Uyxa K JJHqHocTH Hx focrro,ua. 1'1Hcyc, K0HeqHo, co3HaBaJI 3TY Heo6xo,u11MoCTb H rroToMy OH 6oJiee K0HKpeTH0 f0B0pHJI 06 3T0M, Kor,ua Ero ,UHH BO IIJI0TH II0,UX0,UHJIH K K0HII.y. ,Uo .9T0ro M0MeHTa OH BCer,ua 6bIJI c HHMH. OH 6bIJI HX YTelllHTeJieM, HX yqHTeJieM, Hx Bo,uHTeJieM. B 06rn.eH1111 c H11M yqem-IKH rroJiyqam-1 060,upeHHe II CHJiy; C HHM BCe Ka3aJI0Cb B03MO)KHblM, HO, K HX BeJIHKOMY C02KaJieHHIO, J,focyc B03Bparn.aJIC5I Ha He6eca. Ilo.9TOMY J,IHcyc cTapaJICH 06'b.51CHHTb HM, KaK 0HH 6y,uyT )KHTb 6e3 Hero.

I1MeHHO B 3TO BpeM.51 J,focyc CKa3aJI HM O ,Uyxe KaK o «,UpyroM * YTeII111TeJie», o CoBeTHHKe, o JfaqHe cKa3aJI, 0 KaKHX BeJIHKHX ,ueJiax H,UeT peIIh, HO H3 ,[le.HHHH ArrocTOJIOB BIIOJIHe OIJ:eBH,UHO, 'ITO peIJ:b H,ueT 06 OXBaTe MHpa 5Jiaroii BeCTbID. HMeHHO B 3TOH c<j:>epe yIIeHHKH ,ueHCTBHTeJibHO ,uo6HJIHCb 66JihllIHX pesyJihTaTOB, IJ:eM CaM XpHCTOC. TOJibKO B O,UHH ,ueHb TT.HTH,UeC.HTHHQbI K uepKBH rrpttcoe,uHHHJIOCb 60Jibille mo,ueii, IJ:eM sa Bee BpeM.H TpexJieTHero cJiy2KeHH.fl l10cyca. * CJIOBO «,upyroir» yrroTpe6JieHo B rpeIIecKOM rro,uJIHHHHKe B CBoeo6pa3HOM 3HaIJ:eHHH. 8To CJIOBO, KOTOpoe yrroTpe6m1eTc5I He ,UJI.fl cpaBHeHH.fl ,uByx rrpe,uMeTcrn pasJIHIJ:Horo KaIJ:ecTBa, a ,UJI.fl cpaBHeHH.fl JI.BYX Bemeii O,UHOro H Toro 2Ke KaIJ:ecTBa H

H0CTII, KoTopaH saiiMeT pHA0M c HIIMII TaKoe 2Ke

MecTo B HespIIMOii ccpepe, KaKoe lfacyc sam:IMaJI B spIIMoii nJI0TH (HH. 14: 6). ToqHo TaK 2Ke, KaK OH

CJIY2KIIJI HM B TeqeHIIe Tpex JieT, Tenepb ,llyx 6y,rr_eT HacTaBJIHTh IIX Ha BCHKYIO IICTHHY (HH. 16: 13). OH B03BeCTIIT 6y,rr_ymee (HH. 16:13). OH HayqfIT HX BCeMY, qTO HM Heo6xo,rr_IIMO 3HaTb (HH. 14: 26). OH 6y,rr_eT Il0M0raTb HM M0JIHTbC51 (HH. 14: 12, 13; 16: 23, 24). Kopoqe roBopH, OH rrpocJiaBHT Cbrna, B351B OT XpttcTa II ,rr_aB 3To Ero nocJie,rr_oBaTeJIHM (HH. 16: 14, 15). MHp He M02KeT np11H51Tb 3TOH 11CTHHbI, 1160 OH He sHaeT HHcyca; HO yqeHHKH nosHaJIH Ero, 1160 OH 6hIJI c HIIMH, II B ,llyxe OH 6y ,LI.eT c HHMH BeqHo (HH. 14: 17).

To, o qeM roBopHJI H11cyc, 6hIJia He Teop11H, He ,ll.0KTp11Ha, He BpeMeHH0e np11cnoco6JieHHe. 3TO 6hIJIO o6eTOBaHHe TIOAJIHHHOH K0MTieHCaUHH TOH noTepH, K0TOPYIO yqeHHKaM npe,rr_cT0HJI0 nepe:amTh. «,llpyroii YTenmTeJib», a6coJIIOTHO KaK HHcyc, ,uoJI2KeH 6bIJI HanoJIHHTh HX caMHM TTpttcyTCTBHeM Yq1neJIH. TTo11cT11He, npe11MymecTBa, K0T0pbIMH yqeHl1Kl1 ,U0JI2KHbI 6bIJIH o6Jia,LI.aTb B 3Tl1X rny6oqaiinmx 0TH0llleHl151X C ,llyxoM, 6bIJIH 60Jibllie Tex, K0T0pbie 0HH 3HaJIII, K0r,ua HIIcyc xo,LI.11JI c HIIMH no ,rr_oporaM faJIHJieII. KpoMe Bcero npoqero, Bo nJI0TH Httcyc 6hIJI orpaH11qeH 0,ll.HHM TeJIOM II O,UHHM MeCTOM, HO B ,llyxe BCe 3TH orpaHHqeHHH 6bIJIH yH11qT02KeHhI. Teneph OH Mor 6bITb c HHMII BCer,LI.a II 6yKBaJibHO HHK0r,LI.a He 0CTaBJI51Tb 11 He Il0KHAaTb IIX (Mcp. 28: 20; cp. HH. 14: 16).

CYll.lHOCTH, pa3JJHqaIOll.lHXCH TOJihKO JIHqHOCThIO. 3TO CJIOBO OTO:>K)I.eCTBJIHeT CYill.HOCTh ,Uyxa C cyll.lHOCThIO BOIIJIOll.leHHOrO Corna TaK, qTQ ,Uyx, OTJmqaIOmHii:CH JfoqHOCThIO, B TOqHOCTFf rro.11.06eH l-focycy B Ero cJiy:>KeHHH yqemmaM.

Ec.1m CMOTpeTb c .3TOH TOlIKH 3peHH5I, ,UJI5I HHcyca

6bIJIO JIYllllle, 3aKOHlIHB CBoii Tpy,u, BepHyThC5I K OTuy H IIOCJiaTb 6JiaroCJIOBeHHOfO YTelllHTeJI5I 3aH5ITb EroMecTo (lfa.16:7).

CEKPET )KM3HH TI06E)lhl

Ilo.3TOMY I1Hcyc xoTeJI, trT06hI Ero ytreHHKH ocTaBaJIHCh B I1epycaJIHMe ,uo Tex rrop, IIOKa .3TO o6eTOBaHHe He CTaHeT ,UJI5I HHX peaJibHOCTbIO ( .TTK. 24: 49; ,Ue5IH. 1 :4, 5, 8; 2:33). KaK eme HHatre 0HH MorJIH 6bI HCII0JIHHTb rropytreHHe CB0ero rocrrona c pa,u0CTbIO H BHyTpeHHHM MHpOM? I1M Heo6xo,UHMO 6bIJIO omyTHTb XpHCTa TaK peaJibHO, tIT06bI HX )KH3HH HaTI0JIHHJIHCb Ero rrpHcyTCTBHeM. EBaHreJIH3M ,uoJIJKeH 6bIJI CTaTb B HHX IIJI3MeHHblM rro6yJK,ueHHeM, oqHIUaIOIUHM HX JKeJiaHH5I H HanpaBJI5IIOIUHM HX MbICJIH. ,UJI5I .3T0ro Tpe6oBaJIOCb He MeHee treM JIHtIH0e KpemeHHe CB5ITb1M ,UyxoM. CBepxtreJIOBetreCKoe ,ueJI0, K KOT0poMy, OHH 6bIJIH rrpH3BaHbl, Tpe6oBaJio CBepxoeCTeCTBeHHOH TIOMOIUH - o6JietreHH5I CHJI0IO CBbillle. ~ho 03Ha qaJI0, "!ITO yqeHHKH, HCII0Be,U0BaB CB0IO rJiy6oKO yKopeHeHHYIO rop,uoCTb H rrpOTHBJieHHe H 0K0HqaTeJibH0 npe,uaBlllHCb XpHcTy, ,uoJIJKHbI 6hIJIH Bepoii rrpHHTH K HOBOMY H oqHma10meMy rrepeJKHBaHHIO HCIIOJIHeHH5I ,UyxoM.*

* '.:ho 06emam1e, ,ll3HHOe yqeHHK3M, 6hIJIO HCIIOJIHeHO B ,UeHb TI5ITH,lleC5ITHHUbI (,Ue5IH. 2: 4). OnHaKo OHO rrpO,ll.0JI)K3JI0 HCI10JIH5ITbC5I H ,ll.3Jibllie. CHOBa H CH0Ba .TTyKa rrpHBJieKaeT Hallie BHHM3HHe K TOMY, qTo paHH5I5I uepK0Bb HCTI0JIH5IJI3Cb CB5ITbIM ,UyxoM TIOCT05IHH0, qeM I10,ll.JJ,ep)KHB2JI0Cb caMo ee cyruecTB0B3HHe (,Ue5IH. 4:8, 31; 6:3, 5; 7:55; 9: 17; 11:24; 13:9, 52). MoMeT CJI0)KHThC5I BneqaT JieHHe, qro MH3Hb, HCII0JIHeHHa.5! CB5.I·

To, l!TO 3TH JIIO,ll.JI 6bIJIJI o6bil!HbIMH rrpe,LI.CTaBJITe-

JI5IMJI qeJIOBel!eCTBa, BOBCe He 5IBJI5IJI0Cb rrperr5ITCTBHeM. 9To TOJibKO eru.e pa3 HarrOMJIHaeT HaM O MOryru.ecTBeHHOH CJIJie ,Uyxa BmKhero, JI.OCTHraIOru.ero

CBoeii uemI B JIIOJI.5IX, rroJIHOCTbIO OTJI.aBIIIHXC5I Ero BJiaCTH. B KOHelIHOM HTOre CHJia 3aKJIJOqaeTC51 B ,Uyxe XpHCTa. HMeeT 3HaqeHHe He TO, KT0 eCTb Mhl, a TO, KTo eCTb OH.

MCTMHA, COKPblTASI OT

HEB EPYIOIIJ.HX

CJie,LI.yeT eru.e pa3 yrroMHHYTh, qTo K 3TOMY cJiaBH0MY rrepe)KJIBaHHIO rrpHIIIJIH TOJibKO Te, KTO rrpocJie,ll.OBaJI 33 vhicycoM ,ll.0 KOHUa. Te )Ke, KTO CJie,LI.OBaJI B cropoHe, IIO,LI.06HO TOJIIIaM Hapo,LI.a, a TaK)Ke Te, KTO yrropHo orKa3bIBaJirn XOJI.HTh B csere Ero CJioBa, KaK cpa pHCeJI, ,LI.a)Ke JI He ycJibIIIIaJIJI 0 ,LI.eHCTBHHX 6JiaroCJIOBeHHOro YTermnemi. KaK y)Ke 6hIJIO 3aMeqeHo paHbIIIe, Ifacyc He 6pocaJI Csoff )KeMqyr rrepe,LI. TeMH, KTO ero He Mor ouemnh. *

Tb!M ,UyxoM, CtIHT3JiaCb T0r,ll.a HOpMOH )I.JUI xpHCTH3H, X0TH 9TO 6bIJIO COBCeM He TaK. l1MeHHO ll09TOMY, HarrpHMep, I1aBeJI BblHY)K,ll.eH 6b!JI rrpH3h!BaTb ecpeCHH «HCIIOJIHHTbCH ,UyxoM» (Ecp. 5: 18). B 9TOH CB513H ll0Jie3HO 11potieCTb O,ll.HO H3 HaH6oJiee noIIYJIHpHb!X HCCJie,UoBaHIIH no 9TOMY B0npocy. Oilb!T rrpHHHTHH CBHToro ,Uyxa MO)KeT 6hITb OIIHC3H 110-pa3HOMY, B 3aBHCHM0CTH OT TOIIKH 3peHH51 Ka)K,ll.OfO KOHKpeTH0ro 3BTOpa, 0)1.HaK0 H3ytieHHe xpHCTHaHCKOH HCTOpHH IIOKa3bIBaeT, qTo 9TOT 0IIbIT, KaK 6b! ero HR 011pe)I.eJIHJIH, 6bIJI HacymHoH peaJibH0CTbIO ,ll.JIH TeX, KTO no Eo)KbeMy H36paHHIO BbIII0JIHHJI BeJIHKYIO pa6oTy no pac11poCTpaHeHHIO EBaHreJIHH cpe,ll.H ,npyrnx JIIOJJ.eH.

* Xopornm'.i: 11pHMep 9Toro - 3HaMeHHTaH HaropHaH 11ponoBeJJ.b (Mcp. 5:3-7:27; 6:20-49). OHa 6brJia aJJ.pecoBaHa B ac-

I1 TaK 6hIJIO Ha rrpOT.5DKeHI-IH BCeH Ero )KH3HH. I1Hcyc IJ,eJieHanpaBJieHHO 6eper ,UJI.H CBOHX HeCKOJibKHX H36paHHhIX yqeHHKOB, H oco6eHHO ,UJ15I ,UBeHa,uuarn:, CBoH caMbie Ba2KHhie OTKpoBeHH.H ( JlK. 10: 22; Mcp. 11: 27; cp. 16: 17). IToHCTHHe, 6Jia2KeHHbI 6hIJIH HX rna3a H yum! MHorne rrpopoKH H uapn 2KeJiaJIH

BH,UeTb TO, l!TO OHH BH,UeJIH, H CJihIIIIaTb TO, l!TO OHH CJibIIIIaJIH, HO He MOrJIH (Mcp. 13: 16, 17; J1K. 10:23, 24; cp. Mcp. 13:10, 11; MK. 4:10, 11; JlK. 8:9, 10).

TaKa.H ITOJIHTHKa M02KeT I10Ka3aTbC.H CTpaHHOH, eCJIH He ITOH.HTb, l!TO I1Hcyc YMhIIIIJieHHO rrepe,uaBaJI BCe, l!TO HMeJI, 3THM HeCKOJibKHM JIIO,ll..HM, 1IT06bI ,LI.OJI)KHbIM o6pa30M no,urOTOBHTb HX K COBepIIIeHHIO Ero ,ueJia.

OCHOBHOA BOnPOC COBPEMEHHOCTM

Bee CBO,LI.HTC.H K Jl11qHoCTH Yq11TeJI.H. Ero rryTh

3aKJII01IaJIC.H B caMoii Ero 2KH3HH. I1 TaK 2Ke ,uoJI2KHO

H0BH0M He K CTpaHCTBYIOIUHM T0JIIIaM, X0T.sI 0HH H CJibIIIIaJIH ee (Mcp. 7: 28, 29). Ho no cyTH CBoeii 3T0 BeJIHK0e II0CTaH0BJieHHe, KacarorueecH MopaJibHbIX H 3THtieCKHX 3aK0HOB UapcTBa, 6bIJIO o6parueHO K TeM HeMH0rHM 6.JIH)KaHIIIHM Il0CJie,lloBaTeJIHM, K0T0pbre M0rJIH 6hr 3T0 BocnpHHHTb. «YBH)leB Hapo,n;, OH B30IIIeJI Ha ropy; H Karna ceJI, rrpHCTYIIHJIH K HeMy yqeHHKH Ero. I1 OH, ornep3IIIH ycTa CBoH, yqHJr Hx, roBop.sI » (Mcp. 5: 1, 2, cp. JIK. 6: 17-20). Bo3MO)KH0, caMbIH BIIeqaTJIHIOIUHH rrpHMep Toro, KaK I-focyc y,LI.ep2KHBaJI yqeHHe OT TeX, KT0 He rrpHHHMaJI ero, - 3T0 To, KaK OH coxpaH.sIJI B TaiiHe CBoIO cBH3b c o6eToBamreM o MeccHH. XoT.sI OH H roBopHJI o Heu CBOHM JlPY3bHM B HaqaJie CBoero cJiy2KeHH.sI (I1H. 4: 25, 26, 42) H rro3B 0JI.sIJI CBOHM yqeHHKaM yrnep2K,LI.aTb 3T0 C caMoro HaqaJia (I1H. 1:42, 45, 49), He HaIIHcaH0, qT06bI OH KOr)la-JIH6o 06b5IBJI5IJI Ce6.sI MeccHeii rrepe,LI. peJIHrH03Hb!MH npaBHTeJIHMH I1epycaJIHMa, II0Ka He npe,ncTaJI nepe,n cy,noM, H TO JIHillb IT0CJie Toro, KaK rrepB0CBHIUeHHHK cnpocHJI Ero B yrrop, XpHCTOC JIH Ott (MK. 14:61, 62; Mcp. 26:63, 64).

72

6bITb y Ero rroc.rre,UoBaTe.rreiL MbI ,U0JDKHbI qepe3 ,[ly-

xa HMeTb B ce6e Ero )KH3Hb, eCJIH X0THM C0BepruaTb Ero ,UeJio H rrpaKTHK0BaTb Ero yqeHHe. BcRKHii Tpy,U eBaHreJIHCTa 6e3 3T0ro TaK )Ke 6e3)KH3HeH, KaK H 6eCCMbICJieH. TOJibKO K0r,Ua ,[lyx XpHCTOB rrpocJiaBJI5IeT B Hae Cbrna, JIIO,UH rrpHBJieKaIOTC5I K OTuy.

Pa3yMeeTC5I, Mbl He MO)KeM OT,UaBaTb TO, -Y:eM caMH He BJia,UeeM. CaMa BO3MO)KHOCTb OT,UaBaTb CBOIO )KH3Hb BO XpHCTe ,UOKa3bIBaeT o6Jia,UaHHe 3TOH )KH3Hbl0. He MO)KeM Mbl y,Uep)KHBaTb TO, -Y:eM Mbl o6Jia,UaeM B nyxe XpHCTa. nyx DO)KHH BCer,Ua HaCTaHBaeT Ha TOM, qT06bI XpHCTOC ,UeJiaJIC5I H3BeCTHblM. BoT BeJIHKHH napa,UOKC )KH3HH -Mbl ,UOJI)KHbl yMepeTb ,UJ15I ce65I, qT06bI )KllTb BO XpHCTe, H B 3TOM OTpeqeHHH OT ce65I Mbl ,UOJI)KHbl OT,UaBaTb ce65I B CJiy)KeHHH H TIOCB5Illl,eHHOCTH HaIIIeMy focno,Uy. TaKOB 6bIJ1 MeTO,U eBaHreJIH3aum1 J,facyca, rrpHMeHeHHhIH CH a qa.71a B OTHOIIIeHHH Ero HeCKOJlbKHX ITOCJieJI,OBaTeJieii, qT06hI -qepe3 HHX CTaTb CHJIOH DO)Kbeii, no6e)KJI,a10rueii MHp. Ha 3T0M Harne paccy)K,UeHHe He 3aKaHqHBaeTC5I. Heo6xo,UHMo TaK)Ke noHHTb, KaK )KHTb Ero )KH3HbIO. I1TaK, Mbl ,UOJI)KHbI YBHJI,eTb erue O,UHH O-Y:eBH,UHhlH acneKT CTpaTermI I1Hcyca, HCITOJlb3OBaHHhlH I1M B pa6oTe C y-Y:eHHK3MH.

rAaBa 5 nPMMEP

«fl. oa/l Ba.M npUMep» Hn. 13:15

OH fl0KA3AJ1 MM, KAK )l(HTb

11Hcyc XOTeJI, tJT06bI BCe yqeHHKH Ha Ero rrpHMepe HayqHJIHCb )KHTb C EoroM H JIIO,ll.bMH. Ott rroHHMaJI, qTo He,ll.0CTaTO•IH0 rrpOCTO BBeCTH JIIO,Ueii B Ero .uyxoBttoe o6mettHe. Ero yqeHHKaM 6hIJIO Heo6X0J1.HMO 3HaTb, KaK coxpamITb Ero 0ITbIT H ,ll.eJIHTbC5I HM c ,ll.pyrHMH, eCJIH ero HY)KH0 6hIJIO yBeK0BeqHTb B esaHreJIH3Me. K.otteqHo, B 6HOJIOrHqecKOM CMbICJie, )Klf3Hb rrpe,ll.llleCTByeT .ueiiCTBHIO, HO, C qlfCT0 rrpaKTHqeCKOH TOqKH 3peHH5I, Mbl )KHBeM TeM, qTo Mhl .ueJiaeM. lfro6bI paCTH, qeJI0BeK ,UOJI)KeH ,ll.billlaTb, ITHTaTbC5I, H0pMaJibH0 pa6oTaTb. K.or,ll.a 9TH cpyHKUHH TeJia rrepeCTaIOT ocymecTBJI5ITbC5I, rrpeKpamaeTC5I :>KH3Hb. BoT rro4eMy CTpeMJiemrn 11Hcyca rrepe,ll.aTb CsoHM rrocJie.uosaTeJI5IM ceKpeTbI CBoero J1.YX0BHoro

BflH5IHH5I Heo6XO,UHMO paccMaTpHBaTb KaK YMbllllJieH-

HYIO cTpaTernIO Ero HacTaBmiqecKoft .ue51TeJibHOCTII. OH sHaJI o TOM, qTo Ba1Irno.

nPAKTMKH MOJIHTBbl

BosbMeM, .UJI51 rrp1-IMepa, Ero MOJIIITBeHHYIO )KH3Hb. He CJiyqaifHO, qTo J,facyc qacTO ,UaBaJI yqeHHK3M BO3MO)KHOCTb tta6JIIO,UaTb, KaK Ott 6ece.uyeT c Orn:oM.* OHH BH,UeJIH, KaKyIO CHJIY 3TO .uaBaJIO Ero )KH3HH, H, XOT51 ITOJIHOCTbIO He MOr JIH BCero ITOH51Tb, OCO3HaBaJIH, Bepo51THO, qTo H 3TO TO)Ke cocTaBJI51eT TaftHy Ero )KH3HH. 3aMeTbTe, qTo J,facyc He H3B513bIBaJI HM 3TOT ypoK, a rrpoCTO rrpo,UOJI)KaJI MOJIHTbC51, TIOKa H3KOHeu yqeHHKH He CTaJIH )K3)K,U3Tb H3CTOJibKO, qTO nonpoCHJIH ttayqHTb HX TOMY, qTo OH .ueJiaeT. 11 Kor.ua B03HHKaJia TaKaH I10Tpe6HOCTb, 11Hcyc, TIOJib3Y51Cb JII06oii B03M0)KHOCTbIO, ,UaBaJI HM ypoK, KOTOpbIH HX cep.uua roTOBbI 6bIJIH rrpHH5ITb. OH o6b51CHHJI HM HeKOTOpbie OCHOBHble npHHUHITbI MOJIHTBbI H, rrpe)K,Ue qeM 33KoHqHTb, ,UaJI HM o6paseu MOJIHTBbl ( JIK. 11: 1-11; M<P. 6: 9-13) . Mo:>KHO, sepo5ITHO, rro.uyMaTb, qTo TaKa5I rrpaKTHKa - BKJI3,UbIB3Tb B HX ycTa CJIOBa MOJIHTBbI - rrpHHH)KaJia YMCTBeHHbie crroco6HOCTH yqeHHKOB, HO 11Hcyc He Mor nycKaTb Ha CaMOTeK perneHHe TaKoro B3)KHOro BOrrpoca, KaK 3TOT. A rrpHMHTHBHbie MeT0,UbI o6yqeHH5I qaCTO He-

* EoJiee ,uBa,uu:aTHpa3 EBattremrn o6pamaIOT BHHMaHHe tta MOJIHTBeHHYIOnpaKTHKY HHcyca: JIK. 3:21; JIK. 6: 12; JIK. 9:29; 26:27; JlK. 22:29-46; JlK. 23:46; JlK. 9: 18; 10:21, 22; 11: I; HH. 17:6-19; JlK. 22:32; JIK. 24:30; MK. I :35; MK. 6:41; Mcp. 14:19; JlK. 9:16; HH. 6:11; MK. 8:6; Mcp. 15:36; MK. 7:34; J1H. 11 :41; JIK. 5: 16; HH. 12:27; MK. 6:46; Mcp. 14:23; MK. 10: 16; JlK. 23:34.

o6XO,ll.HMhl, qTo6bI ,uaTh JIIO,ll.r!M HatiaTKH no,uo6H0H

HayKIL lfraK, lfacyc onpeneJieHHO peumJI rrperronaTh 9TOT ypoK.

BrrocJie,ll.CTBHH OH BHOBh H BHOBh o6paruaJI BHH-

MaHHe Ha MOJIHTBeHHYIO )KH3Hh, 6ecenyr1 co CBOHMH yqeHHKaMH, IIOCTOrIHHO pacumpr1r1 ee 3Ha qeHHe H npH-

MeHeHHe no Mepe Toro, KaK 0HH CTaHOBHJIHCh BCe 60Jiee crroco6HhIMH BOCIIpHHHMaTh HCTHHhl Ero ,Uyxa.

3To 6bIJia HeH3MepHMO Ba)KHarI C0CTaBHarI tiaCTh HX

o6yqeHHrl, KOTopy10 OHH, B CB0IO oqepe,ll.h, ,ll.OJI)KHbl

6bIJIH rrepenaTh npyrnM. 5ICHO O,UH0, eCJIH 6bI 0HH

He ycBOHJIH 3HaqeHHe M0JIHTB~ H He HayqJIJIHCb rroCT0rIHH0 rrpaKTHKOB3Th ee, He MH0roro 6bI 0HH noCTHr Jill B CBOeH )KH3HH.

MCflOJlh30BAHHE nMCAHM51

H erue onHa cTopoHa )KH3HH HHcyca 6hIJia oTKphITa yqeHHKaM: OHH BH,ll.eJIH, qTO OH rrpH,ll.aBaJI

6oJibIIIOe 3Ha qeHHe CBrIIUeHHOMY TTHcaHHIO H HCII0Jib30BaJI ero. * lJaCTo OH rrp1rnaraJI oco6hre ycHJIH5I, * OH HHK0r,n:a He C0MHeBaJICH B Ha,n:e:IB:H0CTH II JI:OCT0BepH0CTII flIIcaHIIH, II6o OH 3H3JI, qT0 0HII H3IIIIC3HbI rro,n: BJI:0XH0BeHIIeM CBHToro )lyxa ( MK. I 2: 36; Mcp. 22: 43). flIIcaHIIH 6bIJIII ,n:JIH Hero «CJI0B0M Bo:IB:hIIM» (I1H. 10:35; MK. 7: 13; Mcp. 15: 6, cp. J1K. 8: 12). IToIIcTIIHe, OHII 6hIJIII ,n:JIH Hero Ero co6cTBeHHbIM CJioBoM, KOTopoe OH TOJIKOBaJI II yrny6JIHJI (Harrp., Mcp. 5:21, 22, 27, 28), OH roB0pHJI: «0HII CBIIJI:eTeJihCTByIOT o MHe» (I1H. 5:39, cp. Mcp. 5:17, 18). Co3HaBaH 9TO, OH BIIOJIHe IIOHIIMaJI, qTo Ero :IB:II3Hb - 3TO IICIIOJIHeHIIe flIIcaHIIH, II qacTO o6paruaJI BHIIM3HIIe yqeHIIK0B Ha 9TOT cpaKT (Mcp. 5:18; 8:17; 13:14; 26:54,56; MK. 14:49; J1K. 4:21; 21:22; I1H. 13:18; 15:25; 17:12). ITo9TOMY COBeprneHHO ecTecTBeHHO, l!TO I1IIcyc II0Jib30B3JIC5I B CBOeM Tpy,n:e 9TIIM HCTOqHHK0M ,n:oCT0BepHoro 3H3HII5I. 3To 6bIJia IIIIIUa, IIIIT3BW35I Ero ,n:ywy (Mcp. 4:4) IT yKpeIIJI5IBW35I Ero cep,n:ue rrpoTHB IICKyweHHH

4T06bI ,il.0BeCTH ,n:.o C03H3HIUI CBOHX ITOCJie,n:.oBaTeJieii

CMbICJI HeKOT0pbIX MeCT 6116mm, - OH HHK0r,na He rrepecTaBaJI rroJib30BaTbC5I TT11caHHeM B CBoHx 6ece,n:.ax c HHMH. Bo Bcex l!eTbipex EBaHremrnx HaC4HTbIBaeTC5I no MeHbIIIefI Mepe 66 o6pameHHH K BeTxoMy 3aBeTy B Ero ,nHaJiorax C yqeHHKaMH, He Cl!HTa5I 60Jiee 90 yrroMHHaHHfI TTHcaHH5I B pa3roBopax c ,npyrHMH. *

Bee 3TO ITOK33bIB3JIO yqeHHKaM, l!TO HM TOMe CJie,nyeT 3H3Tb H HCIT0J1b30B3Tb TTHC3HHe B HX co6CTBeHH0H MH3HH. TTpHHUHITbI rrepe,na l!H 6H6JieHCKHX HCTHH TaK 43CTO rrpaKTHKOBaJIHCb Ha HX rJia3aX, l!TO 0HH He M0r JIH He y JI0BHTb X0T5I 6bI HeK0T0p bie H3 OCHOBHbIX rrpaBHJI TOJIKOB3HH5I H rrpHMeHeHH5I TTHC3HH5I. DOJiee Toro, crroco6HOCTb I1Hcyca C JierK0CTblO BCIT0MHH3Tb MeCTa BeTxoro 3aBeTa ,U0JIMHa 6bIJia 33CTaBHTb ylleHHK0B TI04YBCTB0B3Tb He06XO,il.HMOCTb YllHTb TTHcaHHe HaH3YCTb.

(Mcp. 4:4, 7, 10; 12:3; JlK. 4:4, 8, 12). Ho 11To caMoe rnaBHoe, - 3TO 6bIJI Ero y11e6HHK ,LI.JI51 npeno)J,aBamrn ny6m111Ho H 113CTHbIM o6pa30M Be11HOH RCTHHbI Eora (Hanp., JlK. 4: 17-21; 24:27; 32:44, 45).

* 3To OT)J.eJibHbie npr-iMepbI, K3K IIpOH3HeCeHHOe I1M CJIOBO ycTaHaBJIHBaeT CB513b C BeTXHM 3aBeTOM: 11epe3 IIp51MYIO UH· T3TY, ynoMHH3HHe O KaKOM·TO co6bITHH, C IlOMOII.I_bIO CJIOB H Bbipa)KeHHH, IlOXO)KHX Ha Te, KOTOpbie ynoTpe6JI51JIHCb B Hy)J.ettCKOM f1HcaHHH. Y11HTbIB351 IlOBTOpHble onHcaHH51 O)1.HOro H Toro )Ke co6bITH51 B napaJIJieJibHbIX H3JIO)KeHH51X, BCero B 11eTblpex EBaHreJIH51X HaC11HTbIB3eTC51 160 MeCT, r)J,e I1Hcyc CCbIJI3eTC51 Ha 13H6JIHIO CBoero BpeMeHH. 13oJiee Toro, 3TH cchIJIKH BKJIIO· 11aroT B ce651 JJ.Be TpeTH KHHr BeTxoro 3aseTa. Ha ocHoBaHHH 3TOro MO)KHO C)J.eJiaTb BblBOJ!:, 11TO CJJOBO XpHcTa 6bIJIO rny60KO HaCbIII.I_eHo y11eHHeM JJ.peBHHX naTpttapxoB, uapefl H npopoKOB. Beeb XOJJ. Ero MbICJiefl 6b!JI ccpopMHp0B3H no 06pa3y H .n.yxy 6oroBAOXHOBJieHHWX npOH3Be)J,eHHH Ero BpeMeHH.

no BeeMy 6blJIO Bll,LI,HO, qTO CJIOBO, 3armeat-rnoe B [faeamrn:, lf CJIOBO, npOH3HOeHMOe XpHeTOM He npOTHBOpeqaT ,LI,pyr ,LI,pyry, HO ,LI,pyr JI.pyra ,LI,OITOJIHRIOT. To, BO qTo BepHJI I-iHeye, TaK.IB.e ,LI,OJI)KHO 6hIJIO eoxpaH.SITbeR Ero yqeHHK3Mlf. Tio3TOMy TIHeaHHe B eoqeTaHHH e Ero eo6eTBeHHblMH BbieKa3bIBaHH5IMH, eTaJio ,LI,JIR HHX pea.JibHoi'I 6a3ofI HX Bepb1 B XpHera. BoJiee Toro, HM eTaJio ReHo, qTo npo,LI,OJI)KaTb o6meHHe c HHM B ,Uyxe noeJie Toro, KaK OH yii,LI,eT OT HHX BO TIJIOTH, OHH MoryT JIHlllb npe6bIBa5I B Ero CJioBe (l1H. 15:7).

fiPE)l(JJ.E BCEfOflPM06PETEHHE JI.YUI

CTIOM0lll.blO JilfqHoro npHMepa l1Heye TI0Ka3aJI

CBOHM yqeHHKaM Bee eTopoHhI CBoefI )KH3HH, * HO B eBeTe Ero KOHeqHOH ueJIH, B03MO)KHO, Ba)K.Hee BCero 6hIJIO HayqHTb HX npHo6peTaTb .LlYlllH.

TipaKTIIqeeKH Bee, qT0 l1Heye fOBOpIIJI II .LLeJiaJI, HMeJIO KaKoe-To OTH0lllem1e K .LLeJiy eBaHreJIH3aUHH:

* PaMKI:l ,ll.aHHoro HeeJie,ll.OBaHH5I He II03BOJI5IIOT He11eprrnBaIOI.U.l:lM o6pa30M oeBeTHTb Bee eyr.u.eeTBeHHO Ba2KHbie aerreKTbl 2KH3HH H IIOBe,ll.eHH5I lfaeyea, KOTOpbie ,ll.OJI2KHbl 6bIJIH BOeIIpHH5ITb Ero y11eHHKH. 0 TOM, KaK OH yqHJI HX MOJIHTheH H rrpHMeH5ITb EH6JIHIO, yrroM5IHYTO JJ.JI5I Toro, qTo6hr rroKasaTh, e KaKOH TI.U.aTeJihHOeThIO OH roTOBHJI Cso11x rroeJieJJ.OBaTeJieti: K eJiy2KeHHIO. ,UJI5I 6oJiee IIOJIHOro paeeMOTpeHH5I BOIIpoea HY2KHO 06paTHTb BHHMaHHe Ha TO, KaK XpHeTOe IIOKJIOH5IJie5I Bory, OT· MeTHTb Ero ysa2KeHHe K pHTyaJiaM H saKoHaM o6r.u.eeTBa, OT· HomeHHe K rpa2K,II.aHeKHM H o6r.u.eeTBeHHbIM o6513aHHOeTHM H T. ,ll.., He sa6bIBaH O TOM, qTQ 3,ll.eeh rrepeqHeJieHo ,ll.aJieK0 He Bee. CyTh B TOM, qTo Ha 3THX rrp11Mepax lfoeyc rroKa3bIBaJI yqeHHKaM, KaK rrpaBHJibHO 2KHTb B 513bJqeeKOM MHpe H rro6e2K,II.aTb.

OH HJIH o6b5ICH5IJ1 Jl.YXOBHbie HCTHHbI, HJIH Ha rrpHMepe IlOKa3hIBaJI, KaK o6pamaTbC5I C JIIO,ll.bMH. EMy He ITpHXO,ll.HJIOCb pa3pa6aT~BaTb yqe6H~e CHTyau11H, OH ITpOCTO l:ICITOJib30BaJI TO, 4TO Ero OKpyMaJIO, H IT03TOMY Ero yqemie K838JIOCb BeCbM8 ecTeCTBeHHbIM. Co6CTBeHHO f0B0p51, ITO 60JibllleH 48CTH yqeHHKH BITHTbIBaJIH Bee, ,LI.aMe He 3H35I, 4T0 OHH ITp0XO,ll.5IT ITO,LI.rOTOBKY K ITpHo6peTeHHIO JIIO,LI.eft ,ll.J15I Bora B ITO,LI.06HbIX yCJIOBH5IX.

ECTECTBEHHOE 06YqEHME

3TOT MOMeHT, 0 KOTOpOM HeCKOJibKO pa3 yMe YITOMHHHJIOCb, HeJib351 ITepeoueHHTb. }focyc 6bIJI HaCTOJlbKO HCKYCHbIM HacTaBHHKOM B CBoeM o6y4eHHH, 4TO OH He ,LI.OITYCKaJI, 4T06bI MeTO,ll. 38TeMHHJI CMbICJI ypoKa. OH ,LI.eJiaJI TaK, 4TO BHHMHHHe K ce6e ITpHBJieKaJia caMa Ero HCTHHa, a He TO, KHK OHa ITpe,LI.CTaBJieHa H ITO,LI.aHa. Ero MeTO,ll.bI 6bIJIH TaKOBbI, 4TO 38CT8BJI5IJIH ,LI.yMaTb, 4TO y Hero BOo6me HeT HHKaKHX MeT0,LI.OB. OH CaM 6bIJI co6CTBeHHblM MeTO,ll.OM. 3To, B03M0)KH0, TPYAH0 ITpe,LI.CTaBHTb B HHlllH ,ll.HH ITpocpeCCHOHHJlbHbIX ITpHeM0B H YJIOB0K. B HeK0T0pbIX Kpyrax, KaMeTCH, ITpocTo HeB03M0MHo ITpeycneTb 6e3 xoporno HJIJIIOCTpHpoBaHHOro MeTO,LI.H4eCKOro pyKoBO,ll.CTBa HJIH MHorouBeTHOH cxeMbI, ITOK83bIBaIOmeft, 4TO ,LI.eJiaTb. B ,LI.eJie rrp1106peTeHHH Jl.Ylll MhI MO)KeM O)I(H,ll.3Tb, ITO MeHblllef:r Mepe, I<ypcoB. O,LI.HaKO, KaK CTpaHH0 3TO HH TIOKaMeTC5I, y yqeHHK0B HHKOr,LI.a He 6bIJIO HH4ero Toro, 4TO Terrepb C4HTaeTC5I CT0Jib Heo6xO,LI.HMbIM ,ll.Jl5I pa60Tbl. Bee, 4TO 6bIJIO y y-c-reHHK0B ,ll.JI5I o6y4eHH5I, - 3T0 11x Y4ttTeJib, KoTOpb111 ITpaKTHK0BaJI c HHMH To, 4TO

0HH ,II.0JDKHbI 0bIJIH ycBOHTb. EBaHreJIH3M MHJI nepe,11. HHMH B ,II.yxe H BO MHOMeCTBe rrpneMOB. Ha6JIIO)l35I 3a HHM, OHH y3HaBaJin, 4T0 3T0 TaKoe. OH rroMor

HM TI0H5ITb HYMAY, npncymy10 BCeM KaTeropH5IM JIIO)leH, H TIOKa3aJI Jiyqurne MeT0)lbl, C TI0MOIUbIO K0TOpblX 0HH M0f JIH H3HTH K HHM ITO)lX0)l. Y4eHHKH Ha6JIIO)laJII-I, KaK OH rrpHBJieKaJI K Ce6e JIIO)le:fi; KaK OH 3aBOeBbIBaJI HX )l0Bepne H ITO)lHHMaJI HX Bepy; KaK OH 0TKpbIBaJI HM TIYTb crraceHH5l H CTaBHJI HX rrepe)l perneHneM. Bo Bcex cnTyaumix n cpemi BC5IKoro po)la JIIO)leH -6oraTbIX H 6e)lHbIX, 3,II.0p0BblX H 60JibHbIX, ,Upy3e:fi H BparoB - yqeHHKH Ha6JIIO)l3JIH, KaK Y4nTeJih npno6peTaJI AYIIIH. 3TO He 6b1JI0 HanHcaHo Ha ,II.0CKe B AYIIIHOH ay,II.HTOplrn HJIH HaneqaTaHO B npaKT.I:I4eCK0M pyK0BO)lCTBe: «C,UeJia:fi caM». Ero MeTO,U 6bIJI TaK peaJieH H npaKTH4eH, 4T0 ocymecTBJI5IJIC5l np0CT0 H ecTeCTBeHH0.

nocTOSIHHO Jl,EACTBYIOI.J.JJ,IE KYPCbl

3TO 6bIJIO cnpaBe,UJIHB0 H B OTHOIIIeHHH Ero yMeH.I:15! o6maTbC5l KaK c MaccaMH, TaK H c 0T)leJibHbIMH JIIO,ll,bMH. Y4eHHKH 6bIJIH BCer,II.a p5I)lOM, 4T06bI Ha6JIIO,UaTb Ero CJioBo H ,UeJio. EcJIH KaKo:fi-JIH6o no)lX0A He 6bIJI HM ITOH5ITeH, TO HYMHO 6bIJIO JIHillb norrpocHTb Y4HTeJI5l o6'h5ICHHTb ero. HanpnMep, nocJie Toro KaK 1'IHcyc cKasaJI rrp.I:IT4Y o ce5ITeJie «MHO)KecTBy Hapo)la» (MK. 4:1 n H.I:IMe, cp. Mcp. 13:1-9; JlK. 8: 4-8), Ero ytieHHKH «crrpoc.I:IJIH y Hero: 4T0 661 sHa 4HJia npnTqa CH5I?» ( JIK. 8: 9; cp. MK. 4: 10; Mcp. 13: 10)' H l1Hcyc HaqaJI 06'b5ICH5ITb HM CMblCJI aHaJIOfHH, HCIT0Jib30BaHHblX B HJIJIIOCTpaU.I:IH. Cy)l5l ITO TeKCTY, OH HCTpaTHJI B Tp.I:1 pa3a 60JibIIIe BpeMeHH Ha

o6b.HCHeHHe 3TOH HCT0pHll yqeHHKaM, qeM Ha nperroAaBaHHe rrepBoHaqaJihH0ro ypoKa HapoAy (Mq>. 13: 10-23; MK. 4: 10-25; JlK. 8:9-18).*

ECJIH yIIeHHKH He cpa3y rrpH3HaBaJIH CBOe CMyIII.eHHe, 11ttcyc 6paJI Ha Ce6.H HHHUHaTHBY H rrpo.HCH.HJI rrpo6JieMy. THrrHqHbll1 CJiyt-IaH - HCT0pmI c M0JI0AbIM 6oraTbIM 3aK0HHHK0M. 11ttcyc o6orneJIC.H C HHM A0BOJibHO cypOBO, ll MOJIOAOH 3aKOHHHK OTOilleJI orreqaJieHHbIH, IT0T0MY qTo nio6HJI CB0H 6oraTCTBa 60JibIlle, qeM UapcTBo 602Kbe, 3aTeM 11Hcyc o6paTHJIC5I K CBOHM yqeHHKaM II CKa3aJI: «TpyAHO 6oraToMy BOHTH B UapcTBo He6eCHoe» (Mq>. 19: 23; cp. MK. 10: 23; JlK. 18: 24) . « YqeHHKH y2KaCHy JIHCb OT CJI0B Ero» (MK. 10:24). 3To rrpHBeJio K pa3BepHyro11 6eceAe, B KOT0poH 11Hcyc o6b.HCHHJI rrpHqHHY CBoero 0TH0illeHH5I K .3T0MY xoporneMy, HpaBCTBeHH0MY qeJIOBeKy, He yrryCTHB TaK2Ke B03M02KHOCTb rrpHMeHHTb .3T0T rrpHHUHIT K HX co6cTBeHHOMY HCIT0BeAaHHIO Bepbl (MK. 10:24-31; Mq>. 19:24-20: 16; JlK. 18:25-30).

OCHOBHOfl nPMHLI.Mn

3.u.ecb 11ttcyc He rrpocro B0CIT0Jlb30BaJIC5I MeT0.U.0M rrporroBeAH, OH .z:r.aJI HarmIAHhIH ypoK. B .3TOM 3aKJI10qaJIC.H ceKper BJIH.HHH5I Ero yqeHH.H: OH HHKOrAa He rrpocHJI ApyrHx c.z:r.eJiaTb To, qTo He rroKa3aJI rrpe* )lpyrne no,11.06Hhre CJiyqaH - npHHa o IIJreBeJiax (Mcp. 13:36 H HH)Ke); o6JIH'-IeHHe cpapHceeB sa TO, qTQ OHM CBOHMH Tpa,11.HUH5IMHc,11.eJiaJIHHe,11.eiicTBHTeJibHbIMCJIOBO BO)Kbe (M¢. 15:15 " HH)Ke), npHna o 6oraqe H Jiasape (JIK. 17:14 H HH)Ke); ypoK MoJio,11.oMy 6oraTOMY rnynuy (JIK. 12: 12); Ero CJioBo K cpapttce5IM o TOM, KaK npH,11.eTUapcrno (JIK. 17:22 H HH)Ke), Bonpoc o pasBo,11.e rro saKoHy MoHce5I (MK. 10: 10 H HH)Ke; M¢. 19:7 M HH)Ke).

6 3aK. 950 81

2KJJ.e Ha rrp1IMepe CBoeii co6cTBeHHOH :iKfl3Hfl, JJ.0Ka3aB TeM caMbIM peaJibH0CTb CBOflX Tpe6oBaHIIH H Ba:iKH0CTb CBoett MflCCflH. l1 EMy HeTPYAH0 6bIJIO .3T0 C)].eJiaTb, Il0CK0JibKY OH IT0CT05IHH0 HaX0)].HJIC5I co CBOHMH yqeHflKaMH. Ero «IT0)].r0T0BHTeJibHbie KypCbI» HHK0rJJ.a He rrpeKpamaJIH CB0I:O pa6oTy. Bee, llT0 OH r0B0pIIJI II )].eJiaJI, 6bIJIO peaJibHblM JIHllHbIM ypoKOM, II TaK KaK yqeHIIKH BCer)].a 6bIJIII p5IJJ.OM, OHII yqHJIHCb Ha rrpaKTIIKe BO BC5IKIIH MOMeHT CBOero ,umr. KaK eme 1rnaqe M0)lrno 6bIJ10 6bI HayllHTb HX Ero

TTyTII? Mo:iKHO 0lleHb xoporno o6b5ICHHTb JIIO,U5IM, l!T0 Mbl X0THM, HO HecpaBHeHH0 Jiyqrne - Il0Ka3aTb HM, KaK ::noro )].OCTHllb. JIIOJJ.H Hill.YT Har JI5I)].H0I'0 rrpIIMepa, a He o6b5ICHeHHH.

COBPEMEHHOE flPHMEHEHHE flPHHl.lMflA

l1TaK, Te, KTO CTpeM5ITC5I BOCilHTbIBaTb fl 06y1IaTb JIIO)].eH, )].0JI)KHbI 6bITb Il0)].rOTOBJieHbl K TOMY, l!T0 JIIO)].II 6yJJ.yT CJie)].0BaTb 3a HIIMfl, KaK 0HH CJie,uyIOT 3a XpIICTOM ( 1 Kop. 11: 1). MbI 5IBJI5IeMC5I .UJI5I HIIX npHMep0M ( <l>Jin. 3: 17 fl HII:iKe; 1 <l>ec. 2: 7, 8; 2 TttM. 1: 13). OHH 6yJJ.yT )].eJiaTb TO, llT0 CJibilllaT fl BII,U5IT B Hae ( <l>Jin. 4: 9). 3a onpe.ueJieHH0e BpeM5I 6Jiaro.uap5I TaK0MY B0.UHTeJibCTBY M0:iKH0 6yJJ.eT rrepe)].aTb Harn o6pa3 )KlJ3HII TeM, KTO TI0CT05IHH0 C HaMII. Mb1 .uoJI:iKHbI pyK0B0JJ.CTB0BaTbC5I 9TOH HCTHHOH B CBOefI :iKII3HII. HeJib35I HII YKJI0HflTbC5I, HH II36e:iKaTb HarnefI JIHllHOH 0TBeTCTBeHHOCTII, Mbl o65I3aHbI noKa3aTb rryTb TeM, KOro o6yqaeM, a .3TO OTKp0BeHIIe .U0JI)KH0 BKJIIOllaTb B ce65I npaKTIIlleCK0e np05IBJieHIIe B )KII3HH rJiy6oqafilIIIIX CTOp0H ,Uyxa. 3ro MeT0A

yqIITeJHI, H T0JibK0 TaK M0)KH0 TI0,Ll.fOT0BlITb JI,pyrn::x

K Ero TPYAY· I1 BCe Me, KaK HaM H3BeCTH0, npocToro 3HaHHH He)J,0CTaTOqHo. TipHXO)J,HT BpeMH JI,ettCTBOBaTb. TipeHe6pel!b 3THM - 3HaqHT CBeCTH K nymo BCe, qT0 6bIJI0 noJiyqeHo B rrpouecce o6yqemrn. TI01-1cnrne, 3HaHtte, He npHMeHeHH0e B )Klf3HII, M0MeT CTaTb KaMHeM npeTKH0BeHIIH Ha rryTII K lICTIIHe. HIIKTO He Il0HIIMaJI 3T0ro JIYllllle YqIITeJIH. OH roToBIIJI JIIOJI,ett K BbITI0JIHeHIIIO JI,eJia, II K0r)J,a 0HII Y3HaJIII )J,0CTaT0qHo, qTo6bI Ha qaTb JI,ettCTBOBaTb, OH I103B0JIIIJI HM qT0-T0 JI,eJiaTb. TipIIMeHeHHe 3T0ro rrpIIHUIITia TaK BaMH0, qTo ero Heo6XO)J,IIMO pacCM0TpeTb KaK ew.e 0JI,HY qaCTb Ero CTpaTerIIII 3aB0eBaHIIH MIIpa qepe3 Il0)J,f0T0BJieHHbIX II AYX0BH0 60JI,pcrny10w.ttx JIIOJI,ett.

«fl c8eJta10 BaM JlOBl{aMU tteJlOBe!WB»

Mcp. 4:19

OH nopyqnJI MM JJ.EJIO

I1Hcyc Bcer,ua opHeHTHpoBaJIC5I B CBoeM cJiylKeHHH Ha TO BpeM5I, K0r,na Ero yqemmH )1.0JI)KHbl 6y,nyT B35ITh Ero TPY.ll. H rroli:TH B MHp c EBaHrem1eM HCKyrrJieHH5I. 3TOT IIJiaH CT3H0BHJIC5I BCe 5ICHee no Mepe Toro, KaK 0HH CJie)l.OB3JIH 3a HHM. TeprreHHe, C K0TOpbIM I1Hcyc II0Ka3bIB3JI 9T0 yqeHHKaM, r0B0pHT 0 TOM, qTQ OH rrpHHHMaJI B pacqeT nx crroco6HocTb K o6yqemuo. OH mmor,ua He crrellIHJI. B rrepBOM rrpHrJiallleHHH yii:em1KaM CJie)l.0BaTh 3a HHM He 6bIJIO CKa3aHo O TOM, qTQ HM rrpe,nCT0HT eBaHreJIH3HpoBaTb MHp, X0T5I HMeHH0 B 9T0M COCT0.HJI Ero rrJiaH c caMoro HaqaJia. Ero MeTo,n 3aKmoqaJIC5l B TOM, qT06bI rrepe)l.aTb CBOHM yqeHHKaM )KH3HeHH0 B31K.HbII1 OJibIT X0)K,UeHH5I C EorOM, II0K333Tb, KaK Ha)l.o TPY.ll.HThC5I, H TOJihKO rroT0M pa3pellIHTh HM )J.efICTBoBaTh C3MHM.

C Jlpyroii CTopoHhI, l111cyc rrnomp.SIJI 11x HeB0JihHoe, He0C03HaHH0e CTpeMJieHHe HeCTH CBH)leTeJibCTB0 CB0eii Bepbl. OH )leHCTBHTeJibHO 6hIJI pa,ll HX :>KeJiaHHIO rrp1rneCTH ,llpyrnx K II03HaHHJO T0ro, qTo o6peJIH OHM caMH. AH,llpeii II03BaJI TieTpa, Cl>HJIHIIII HaIIIeJI HacpaHaHJia, MaTcpeii rrpHrnacHJI CB0HX .llPY3e:ir Ha rrHp B CBoeM Jl0Me - H 3T0 pa,lloBaJio l1Hcyca. YMeCTH0 TaK:>Ke 0TMeTHTh, qTo B HeK0T0pbIX CJiyqa51x l1Hcyc crreu:HaJihH0 rrpocHJI Tex, KT0 rroJiyqHJI OT Hero II0M0II.lb, CKa3aTb 06 3T0M JlPYrHM. O)lHaKO HM B 0)lHH H3 3THX paHHHX M0MeHT0B II0)lJIHHHa51 u:eJib HX :>KH3HH - CBH)leTeJihCTB0 - He 6hIJia Bbipa:>KeHa B cpopMe K0HKpeTH0r0, .SICH0r0 II0BeJieHH51.

OH HHaqe HCIT0Jih30BaJI yqeHHK0B B CBoeM TPY.lle, Harrpirnep, rropyqaJI HM 3a60Ty o pyqHoir KJia)lH, o rrHme H 0 3JieMeHTapHblX YJl06CTBax )lJl51 rpyrrrrbI.

OH TaK:>Ke IT03B0JI51JI HM KpeCTHTb HeK0T0pbIX JIJO)leH, rrpo6y:>K)leHHhIX Ero rrporroBe,nhro (HH. 4: 2). * TioMHM0 :>Ke 3Toro, KaK IT0Ka3aH0 B EBaHreJIH.51X, 3TH rrepBble yqeHHKH cpaKTlfCieCKH HHqero He )l0JI:>KHbl 6bI-

* 51 He Mory y,1I.ep)K3TbC5I OT TOJ:10, qT06bI He OTMeT<HTb 3,ZI.eCb, qTO yqeHHK3M l1ncyca 6bIJIO )I.3HO rrpaBO COBepruaTb o6p5I)I. Kpe111eHH5I 3HaqnTeJibHO paHbllie, qeM OHH 6bIJIH IIOCJl3Hbl rrporroBe,rr.oBaTb. EcJIH BbrBeCTH H3 9Toro 33KOHOMepHOCTb ]lJl5i cerO,ZI.H5IllIHeti: uepKBH, TO MO)KHO rrpe,ZI.IIOJIO)KHTb, qTo CJiy)KeHHe rrpoIIOBe,n.H 6oJiee 3HaqHMO, corrpmKeHO C 60JibllIHMH orracHOCT5IMH H )I.aeT 60JihIIIe rrpeHMyIIIecTBa, qeM CJiy)KeHHe TaHHCTB, no Kpati:Heti: Mepe Kpe111eHH.SI. Bc.SIKHH, KOMY BBepeHO CB5IIIIeHHOe cJiy)KeHHe CJIOBOM, 3aHHMaeT IIOJIO)KeHHe ropa3,ZI.O 6oJiee OTBeTCTBeHHOe, He)KeJIH cosepIIIaIOIIIHH Kpe111eHHe, a cJie,II.OBaTeJibHO, 6oJibllia5I OTBeTCTBeHHO~Th )J.OJl)KHa BKJIIOtJaTb MeHhwyro. TTpHMeHeHHe 9TOfO npHHUHIIa, O)J.HaKo, rrpHBeJio 6hr K ,rr.aJieKO H,lI.ynI.HM pa3,rr.eJieHHHM BO MHOfHX 06111HHax COBpeMeHHOH uepKBH.

JUI ,ueJiaTb -T0JibK0 Ha6mo,uaTb ,ueikTBirn Hncyca B

TelleHJie ro,ua, HJIH 6oJiee Toro; OHH IIOCT0.5IHHO BH,ueJIH rrpHMep Ero ,ue.5ITeJibHOCTH. B CBoeM noBTopHOM rrpH3bIBe IJ:eTbipeM pbI60JIOBaM OH HaII0MHHJI HM, lJT0, CJie,uy.5I 3a HHM, 0HH CTaHyT JIOBUaMH qeJI0BeK0B (MK. 1: 17; Mcp. 4: 19; JlK. 5: 10), Ho OHH, Ka3aJioCh, MaJIO qTo ,ueJiaJIH B 9TOM HanpaBJieHHH. ,lla2Ke TI0CJie Toro KaK HeCKOJibKHMll MeC.5IUaMH TI032Ke OHl:I 6bIJIH cpopMaJihHO IIOCJiaHbI Ha CJiy2KeHl:le (MK. 3: 14-19; JIK. 6: 13-16), Hl:IKaKHX pe3yJihTaTOB l:IX co6cTBeHHOro eBaHreJIH3aUH0HH0ro Tpy,ua He 6bIJIO BII,UHO. 3TO Ha6mo,ueHHe, Bep0.5ITHO, ,UOJI)KH0 3acTaBl:ITb Hae 6hITb 6oJiee TeprreJil:IBblMH C HOBOo6parueHHblMl:I, CJie,uy10ll.J,l:IMl:I 3a HaMH.

UEPBA$1 EBAHfEJIM3AUMOHHA$1 MMCCM$1 ,UBEHA,UUATM

HaIIIrna.5I CBoe TpeTbe rryTernecTBHe no faJittJiee (MK. 6: 6; Mcp. 9: 35), Httcyc ,uaJI noH.5ITh, IJ:To npHllIJI0 BpeM.5I, Kor,ua Ero yqeHIIKH CMoryT 6oJiee Herrocpe,ucTBeHHO yqacTB0BaTb B Ero Tpy,ue. Terrepb OHl:I y2Ke ,U0CTaT0lJHO BH,UeJIII, lJT06bI, HaK0Heu, HaqaTb ,ueiiCTBOBaTb caMHM. Tenepb HM Heo6xo,UHMO 6bJJIO Ha npaKTHKe HCII0Jib30BaTb BCe TO, lJT0 OHR

BH,UeJIH B ,Ue.5ITeJibH0CTH CBOero HacTaBHHKa. J,fraK, OH, «npH3BaB ,UBeHa,uuaTb, HaIJ:aJI II0CbIJiaTb HX ... » (MK. 6:7; cp. Mcp. 10:5; JIK. 9: I, 2). KaK opJIHUaMaTb YIIHT IITeHU0B JieTaTb, BbIT3JIKHBa.5I HX H3 rHe3,ua, TaK Hncyc BbIT0JIKHYJI CBoHx yqeHHK0B B MHp, lJT06bI Te HCIIbITaJIH CB0H KpbIJib.5I. 86

HHCTPYKTA)I(

Tiepen TeM KaK OTITYCTHTb FIX, J,focyc KpaTKO ,UaJI HM HeKOTOp~e HHCTPYKUHH OTHOCHTeJibHO FIX MHCCHH. ,U.1rn Ramero HCCJie,UOB3HHH OlJeHb B3)KH0 3H3Tb, lJTO Oe cKasan HM no 9TOMY rroBony, rroToMy lITO snecb OH B orrpeneneHHOM CMbICJie HBHO H3JIO)KHJI BCe TO, t.JeMy HCITO,UBOJlb YlIHJI FIX BCe 9TO BpeMH. Tipe)K,Ue BCero OH BHOBb IIO,UTBep,UHJI ueJib, K0TOPYIO rrpe,UH33H3 lJHJI ,UJIH HX )KH3Heii. OHH ,UOJI)KHbl 6bIJIH H,UTH H «rrporroBe,UbIBaTb UapcTBHe oO)KHe II HcueJIHTb 6oJibHbIX» (JlK. 9: 1, 2; cp. Mcp. 10: 1; MK. 6: 7). B 9TOM rropytieHHH He 6bIJIO HHtJero HOB0ro, eo oHo erue 6oJihIIIe rrpoHCHHJio HX sanatJy. KpoMe Toro, conep)KaHHe H0BbIX HHCTPYKUHH rroKasano cpoqH0CTb H 6e30TJiaraTeJibHOCTb 9TOH 33,UatJH, KOr,Ua OH CKasaJI, t.JT0 «rrpH6JIH3HJIOCb UapcTBo» (Mcp. 10: 7), H napoBaJI HM erue 60JibIIIe CHJibl, lJT06bI He TOJibK0 HCUeJIHTb 60JibHbIX, HO H «rrpoKa)KeHHbIX oqHIU3Tb, MepTBbIX BOCKpernaTb, 6eCOB H3fOHHTb» (Mcp. 10: 8).

H 9TO erue ee Bee. ,Uanee OH yKasaJI HM, K K0MY H,II.TH rrpe)K,Ue: «Ha rryTb K H3bllIHHK3M He XO,UHTe II B ropon CaMapHHCKHH He sxo,ruhe; a H,UHTe HaHrraqe K norn6IIIHM oBuaM ,UOMa HspaHJieBa» (Mcp. 10: 5, 6). HHcyc, rroxo)Ke, HarrpaBHJI CBoHx yqeHHK0B ry,na, rne M0)KH0 6bIJIO H3HTH Hatt6onee BOCrrpHHMqHBblX cnyrnaTeneii ,UJIH rrporroBe,UH. TaK 11Hcyc CaM rroCTynaJI B CBoeM CJiy)KeHHH, X0TH, Korna 6hIJIO Heo6XO,UJ1MO, OH ee orpaHHqHBaJICH 9THM. CooTeqeCTBeHHHKH ArrocTOJIOB 6~JIH HaH60Jiee 6JIH3KH HM no csoeMy 6bITY, KYJibTYPHhIM ycnoBHHM II peJIHrHH, II ecTeCTBeHH0 6bIJIO HatJaTb HMeHH0 c HHX. Ho Korna HeCKOJlbK0 MeCHUeB crrycTH 6bIJIH II0CJiaHbl ceMb,Ue-

CSIT, y:me He 0blJIO yKasaHO HH Ha KaKHe orpaHHqeHH.51 B nponoBe,lI.H, BepmITHO, npHilIJIO BpeMH npeO)I.O· JieTb 3TH ecTeCTBeHHble 6apbepb1. 1-ITo KacaeTC51 MaTepHaJibHOH CTOpOHbl, TO HM Ha,n:-

Jie:>K:aJio ynoBaTb Ha Bora. OHH ,lI.OJI:>K:Hbl 6blJIH OKa3bIBaTb BCe nepeqHCJieHHble BH,lI.bl ITOMOIUH ,n:apOM, IlOMHH, qTO Fl CaMH OHH BCe ,n:apOM IlOJiyqaJIH OT focIlO,lI.a (Mcp. 10: 8). C.11e,n:0BaTeJihHO, lfa:cyc CKasa.11 HM He o6peMeH51Tb ce651 6e3 Ha,n:o6HOCTH H3JIHIIIHHM 6ara:>K:OM H npo,n:OBOJibCTBHeM (Mcp. 10:9, 10; MK. 6:8, 9; JlK. 9: 3), TaK KaK Bor 3a HX BepHoCTh CaM rrosa6oTMTC51 0 TOM, qT06bl o6ecrreqMTb MX BCeM Heo6XO,lI.MMblM. «Tpy,n:Hru;MiicH ,n:ocTOMH nporrMTaHHH» (Mcp. 10:10).

ITJiaH Ifacyca ,n:.1151Ero yqeHMKOB 6blJI eme 60.11ee K0HKpeTeH: OHM )I.OJI:>K:Hbl 6blJIM, npM,lI.51 B ropo,n:, HaiiTH ,n:py:m:eCKM paCIIOJIO:>K:eHHOrO qeJIOBeKa H :>K:MTb y Hero Bee BpeMH, IIOKa 6y,n:eT npo,n:oJI:>K:aTbC51 MX eBaHreJIH38UHOHHblli Tpy,n: B 3To:ii MeCTHOCTH. «B KaKoii

Obi ropo,n: MJIM ceJieHMe HM BOIIIJIM Bbl, H8Be,lI.bIB8HTeCb [ TO eCTb Bbl5ICH5IHTe]' KTO B HeM ,ZlOCTOMH, M TaM OCTaBaiiTeCb, IIOKa He BbIH:,lI.eTe» (Mcp. 10: 11; cp. MK. 6: 10; JlK. 9: 4) . npyrnMM CJIOBa MM, OH COBeTOBaJI ytJeHHKaM cocpe,n:OT0lJHTb CBOe BHMMaHHe Ha HaM0OJiee nepcrreKTMBHbIX JIH1JHOCT5IX, KOTOpble CM0ryT npo,n:OJI:>K:MTb MX ,ne.110 IlOCJie Toro, KaK OHM yii.ZI.YT. Eho 0hIJio .9cpcpeKTMBHeft .11106oro ,npyroro crroco6a. Ecmr me OHM He CMoryT Ha:iiTH HMKoro, KTO Ohl npMHHJI MX, TO II Ha .9TOT CJiyqaft OHH IlOJiytJHJIH K0HKpeTHOe HaCTaBJieHHe: 0Tp5ICTH IlblJib co CBOHX Hor KaK CBH,lI.eTeJibCTBO npOTHB mrx. I1 «oTpa,nHee 6yneT 3eMJie Co,noMCKOH H foMoppcKoii B ,neHb cy,na, He}KeJIH ropo,ny TOMy» (Mcp. 10: 14, 15; cp. JlK. 9: 5; 88

MK. 6: 11). fI pHHUHII eOCTO5JJI B TOM, qT06bI 33JIO2KHTh Ha HOBOM MeeTe 6a3y ,UJI.51 6ynymero Tpy,na, BhI6paB rrpe2K,Ue Beero IIOTeHUH3JlbHOrO JIH,Uepa.

1focyc cJie,noBaJI 3TOMY rrpHHUHrry B pa6oTe co CBoHMH yqemmaMH H OT HHX 02KH,Ua.JI Toro 2Ke eaMoro. Beeb Ero rrJiaH eBaHreJIH3aUHH 3aBHCeJI OT 3Toro, H

Te MeCTHOCTH, rne y yqeHHK0B He 6bIJIO B03M02KH0CTH

rrpHMeHHTb 3TOT rrpHHUHII, cpaKTHqeCKH H3BJieKaJIH Ha ce6.H HaKasaHHe rroJIHOii ThMOH.

I1Hcyc rrpenyrrpe,UHJI TaK2Ke yqeHHK0B, qTQ HeKOTOpbie He rrpHMYT HX cJiy2KeHH.H: «OcTeperaiiTeCh 2Ke JIIO,Ueii: H60 0HH 6y,nyT OT,UaBaTb Bae B cy,n:HJIHIUa H B CHHarorax eB0HX 6ynyT 6HTb Bae. I1 IIOBe,nyT Bae K rrpaBHTeJI.HM H uapHM 33 MeH.H, ,UJI.H CBH,UeTeJibCTBa rrpen HHMH JI 513bJqmmaMH» {Mcp. 10: 17, 18).

3TO 6bIJIO ecTeCTBeHH0, TaK KaK «yqeHJIK He Bhlllie yqJ1TeJIH, JI cJiyra He Bhillie roerro,n:HHa CBoero» (Mcp. 10: 24). 3aKOHHHKH Ha3bIBaJIH Httcyea BeJib3eByJIOM, II Ero II0CJie,UoBaTeJIJI He MOrJIJI Ha,Ue.HTbe.H Ha MeHbnrne OCKOp6JieHH5I B CBOH anpec (Mcp. 10: 25). 3TO 6bIJIO eme 0,UHHM IIO,UTBep2K,UeHHeM Toro, qTo Ero rryTh 6hIJI rrp.HM0 rrpoTHB0TIOJI02KHhIM 06merrpJ1H.HTOMY

HarrpaBJieHHJO MhlllIJieHH.H - 06pa3uy MHpCKOH MY,UpocTH. fI03TOMY HX 6y,nyT HeHaBH,UeTh BCe (Mcp. 10: 22, 23). Ho, HeCM0Tp51 HH Ha qT0, I1Hcyc CKa3aJI HM: «He 60:iiTech». Eor HHKorna He rroKHHeT FIX. y} XOT5l HX CBH,UeTeJibCTBO corrp512KeHO co CMepTeJibHOH orracHOCThJO, CmrTo:ii ,Uyx nacT HM crroco6HocTh BCTpeTFITh qpe3BhJqaiiHhie o6cT051TeJihCTBa (Mcp. 10:20, 21), qTo 6bI HH CJiyqFIJIOCb c HFIMFI. H, KaK 3aBepHJI FIX I1Hcyc, BC51KHH, KTO HCITOBe,UaJI Ero rrepen JIJO,UhMFI, 6y,neT HcnoBe,naH nepen Ero He6ecHhIM OTUOM (Mcp. 10: 32).

HeJib35I He rropa31ITbC5I T0MY, HaCK0JlbKO peaJIHCTIIl.JH0 J,focyc ITO,LI.XO,LI.IIJI K 3TOMY Borrpocy, OH HHK0r,LI.a He I103B0J15IJ1 CBOIIM yt.JeHIIKaM He,LI.oouemrnaTb

CIIJIY Bpara IIJIII ecTeCTBeHH0e corrpoT1IBJ1eH1Ie JlIO,LI.eH Ero IICKyrrJIHIOIII.eMy EBaHreJIIIIO. OHII He IICKaJIII HenplIHTHOCTett. Ero rrpe,LI.oCTepe2KeH1Ie: «ByJJ.hTe MYJJ.pbI, KaK 3MIIII, H rrpOCTbI,* KaK roJ1y61I» (Mcp. 10: 16), ITO,LI.t.JepKIIBaJI0 Heo6XO,LI.HMOCTb ,LI.OCTOHHOro II TaKTHl.JH0rO IT0Be,LI.eHII5I, HO 6hIJIO 5ICHO, l.JTO, HeCM0Tp5I Ha BCe rrpeJI.OCTOp02KHOCTH, MHp, CKOpee BCero, He 6y,ueT 6.narOCKJIOHeH K yt.JeHIIKaM, rrporroBe,LI.yIOII..LHM EBaHremi:e. OHH 6bIJIH ITOCJ13Hbl «KaK 0BI..Lbl B cpeJI.y (TaK B aHrJIIIHCKOM rrepeBo,LI.e BH6JIIIII - rrplIM. rrepeB.)

BOJIKOB» (Mcp. 10:16).

PA3J].EJl,SIIOll(EE EBAHfEJIHE

Ba2KH0 TaK2Ke H TO, IITO l-IHcyc HarroMHHJI HM o pa3,LI.eJI5IIOIII.eM ,LI.eHCTBHH eBaHreJibCKoro rrpH3hIBa. He Mor JIO 6bITb HHK3KHX KOMITpOMHCCOB C rpexoM, II no3TOMY BC5IKHH, KTO OTCTpaH.5IeTC.5I OT Bora, HeCOMHeHHO, 6y)leT BCTpeB02KeH IIX rrporroBe,LI.blO. OHII 6bIJIH

IT0CJI3Hbl He C apy2KeCKHM BII31ITOM, 1IT06bI yKperrHTb H IIOJJ..llep2KaTh cymecTBy10mee rroJIO)Kemie caMo,uoBOJibCTBa II ycrrOKOeHHOCTH. HanpoTHB, flHcyc CKa33.JI: «He ayMattTe, t.JTO 5I npmneJI rrpHHeCTH MHp Ha 3eMmo; He MHp rrpmneJI 5I npHHeCTH, HO MeII; 1I60 5I npmneJI pa3,LI.eJIHTb qeJioBeKa c OTI..LeM ero, II JJ.0%

* AHrJIHHCKHH nepeBOLl B116JIHH JIYtJille 0Tpa2«:aeT cMhICJI 3TOrO CJIOBa: CJIOBO, nepeBe,n:eHHOe Ha pyccKHH 5I3bIK KaK «npoCTbie», B aHrJIHHCKOM nepeBo,n:e 03HatJaeT «KpOTKHe», «6e3Bpe.nHbie», «6e3o6H,n:Hhre» (rrpHM. rrepeB.). 90

C MaTepblO ee, II HeBeCTKY co CBeKp0BblO ee. H Bparn: qeJioBeKy - .rr.oMaIIIHHe ero. KTo JIIO0HT oTua HJIH MaTb 6oJiee, He)KeJIII MemI, He ,U0CT0HH Mem:1; H KT0 JIIO0HT CbIHa IIJIH JI.0lJh 6oJiee, He)KeJIH Mem1, He .rr.oCT0IIH Memr; II KTO He 6epeT KpecTa CBoero H CJie,nyeT 3a MHofi, TOT He ,ll_0CTOHH Memr» (Mcp. 10: 3438). Ecm-1 .rr.o 9Toro BpeMem-1 y ytieHHK0B 0bIJIH KaKHe-To HJIJII03HII Ha ClJeT IIX Tpy.rr.a, TO Terrepb OHH, HaBepmIKa, pacceHJIHCb. Terrepb OHH IIIJIH Brrepe,U C peBoJIIOUII0HHbIM EBaHreJIHeM, H ecJIH 9T0MY EBaHreJur10 IlOBHHOBaJIHCb, TO OHO rrpOH3BO,UHJIO peBOJIIOUH0HHbie rrepeMeHbl B JIIO,UHX M B HX o6mecTBe. Bo Bcex 9THX HaCTaBJieHHHX HHcyc rro,nqepKMBaJI, lJT0 MHCCHH Ero yqeHMK0B rrpHHUHITaMH Fl MeT0,[(aMH He 0TJIHtJaeTCH OT Ero co6cTBeHHOH. OH HatJaJI c Toro, tJT0 .rr.aJI HM CBoro BJiaCTb H CHJIY coBepIIIaTb Ero

TPY.ll. (MK. 6:7; Mcp. 10:1; JlK. 9:1), a 3aTeM 3aBepHJI MX, lJT0 BCe FIX ,neJia 6y,nyT HMeTb TaK0e )Ke 3HatJeHHe, KaK ecJIH Obi OH c,neJiaJI 9T0 CaM. «KTo rrpHHHMaeT Bae, rrpHHHMaeT TiocJiaBIIIero MemI» (Mcp. 10:40; cp. HH. 13:20). Tio,nyMaiiTe 06 9T0M

To2K.rr.ecrne! YlJeHHKaM npe,ncT0HJio ohITb cpaKTHtJeCKHMH rrpe,UCTaBHTeJIHMH XprrcTa B MHpe. 2ho e,UHHeHIIe OblJIO TaK HBHO, IITO, KaK CKa3aHO B EBaHreJIHH, «eCJIH KTO HaITOHT O,UHOro H3 MaJiblX CHX TOJibKO t.JaIIIeIO XOJIO,[(HOH BO,Ubl BO HMH yqeHHKa», TO 9TOT aKT MHJI0Cep.rr.HH He OCTaHeTCH 6e3 Harpa,Ubl (Mcp. 10:42).

nPMHUMn JJ.EJIEHIHIHA fPYnnhI

TaKOBbI 0bIJIH HacTaBJiemrn, K0T0phie XpHcToc ,naJI CBoHM ytJeHrrKaM. Ho rrpe)K.rr.e tJeM OHM IT0IIIJIH, 91

OH pa3,LI,eJIHJI HX Ha rpymrn no JI.Boe* (MK. 6:7). HecoMHeHHO, OH XOTeJI o6ecnetJHTb CBOHX ytJeHHK0B T0BapHII(eM, KOTOpbIH TaK Heo6XO,ll,HM B nyrn:. BMeCTe 0HH MOfJIH nOMOraTb JI.pyr JI.pyry, II K0r,LI,a HX

BCTpeqaJIH He6JiaronpmITHhle o6cT05ITeJibCTBa (KaK, m1po1IeM, 01IeHh tJaCT0 H 6bIBaJio)' TO 0HH MOr.JIH HaX0,ll,HTh yTernem1e JI.pyr B JI.pyre. 3TO CH0Ba noKa3hl·

BaeT xapaKTepHyIO ,ll,Jl5I lfacyca 3a60Ty 0 TOM, 1IT06bI Ero yqeHHKH Bee JI.eJiam1 coo6ma. «OHH n0IIIJIH II npoX0,ll.HJIH no ceJieHH.HM, 6JiaroBeCTBY5I H Hcuemrn noBCIOJI.Y» (JIK. 9: 6; cp. MK. 6: 12). MaJieHbK35I rpynna yqeHHK0B HaK0HeU-T0 HatJaJia JIH1IHO yqaCTB0B3Tb B CJiy2KeHHH XpHCTa.

* 9TOT TIPHHI.Uill pa3,rr.eJieHH5I Ha TiapbI qaCTO TipaKTHKOBaJIC5I B EBaHreJIH5IX. HaTipHMep, ,ZI.BOe yqeHHKOB 6bIJIH nocJiaHbI, qTo6hI HaHTH ,ZI.JI5I f!Hcyca ocJia, Ha KOTOpOM MO)KHO 6hIJIO BOHTH B HepycaJIHM ( JIK. 19: 29). ITeTp H HoaHH B,llBOeM ,llOJI:>KHbI 6hIJm TipHrOTOBHTh MeCTO K ITacxe (JIK. 22:8). Bep05ITHO, HaKoB H HoaHH 6hIJm Tipe)K,ne Httcyca B CaMapHH, TaK KaK OHH rpoMKO B03Myr.uaJIHCh TeM, KaK HX npHH5IJIH ( JlK. 9: 52, 54). )lllieHMC H. BeHcep ,na)Ke TihITaeTC5I paccMaTpHBaTh Bcex

AnocTOJIOB TIO TIPHHUHTIY pa3,neJieHirn Ha naphI, BhI,neJIHH B rpyrrne 6 TaKHX Tio,nrpynn, COCT05IBI.llHX H3 .llBYX qeJioBeK. Ero H,lle5I COCTOHT B TOM, qTQ yqeHHKH 6hIJIH TIO,rr.o6paHhl TIO TiapaM, qTo6hI ,ZI.OTIOJIH5ITh xoponme KaqecTBa H HeihpaJIH30B3Th He,noCT3TKH ,npyr ,rr.pyra. TaK 6wm o6ne,rr.HHeHhl 3KCTpeMHCT Tierp C KOHcepBaropoM AH,npeeM; TIO)KHJIOH HaKOB C IOHOI.I.Ieii HoaHHOM; Tyro,nyM <I>Hmmn C MY.llPhIM Bapq)OJIOMeeM; COMHeBaIOI.UHHC5I <l>oMa c MaTCpeeM - qeJIOBeKOM TBep,nhIX y6e)K,UeHHH; HaKOB, nepBhIH B ,rr.eJie, C Hy,rr.oii, rrepBhIM B TI03H3HHH yqeHH5I; H, H3KOHeu, CHMOH 3HJIOT (To ecTb PeBHHTeJib) C Hynoii Tipe,naTeJieM. 0cHOB3HH5I ,llJI5I TaKoro Tipe,nrroJIO)KeHH5I H3XO,ll5ITC5l B OCHOBHOM B TiepeqHcJieHHH AnocTOJIOB TIO TiapaM y MaTq>e5l ( Mcp. 10: 24). Ho co Bceii: crrpaBe)J.JIHBOCThlO Mhl ,ZI.OJI)KHhI TipH3H3Tb, qro 3TO BepcH5I BCe-TaKH nmoTerHqHa. TeM He MeHee H3BeCTHO, qTo KHHra )le5IHHH OIIHChIB3eT AnocTOJIOB H MHCCHOHepoB UepKBII, TiyTeI.I.IeCTBOB3BI.I.IHX rpyTITI3MH no )I.BOe HJIH 6oJiee.

Pa3yMeeTC.SI, 3TO He O3HaqaJio, qTo 11Hcyc roTOB 6hIJI rrpeKpaTIITh CBOIO co6cTBeH HYIO )].eRTeJibHOCTb. OH HIIKOr)].a He rrp0CIIJI HIIKOro qTO-TO )].eJiaTb 3a Ce6H. Tio.9TOMY, KOr)].a yqemrnrt rroIIIJIII Ha Tpy)]., IIX HacTaBHIIK TOqHo TaK2Ke «rrepeIIIeJI OTTy)].a yqIITb II rrporroBe)].OBaTh B ropo)].ax HX» (Mcp. 11: 1).

MHCCIUI CEMHJ].EC51TH

4epe3 HeCKOJihKO MeCRII.eB IIOCJie .9TOro «)].pyrne ceMh)].eCHT» BHOBb 6bIJIII IIOCJiaHbl no )].BOe CBII)].eTeJibCTBOBaTb O CBOeM rocrro)].e (J1K. 10: 1). ToqHo HeH3BeCTHO, KTO 6bIJIII 3TH ceMb)].eC.SIT yqeHHKOB, HO eCTb OCHOBaHH.SI cqHTaTb, qTo 3Ta rpyrrrra BKJIIOqaJia B ce6R H rrepBbIX )].BeHa)].II.aTb. Tio BCe:ii BepOHTHOCTH, B CBH3H C aKTHBHOH )].eRTeJibHOCTbIO )].BeHa)].II.aTH IIOHa)].O6HJIOCb 60JibIIIee KOJIIfqecTBO yqeHHKOB, qTo6bI CBH)].eTeJibCTBOBaTb O XpHCTe. HacTaBJieHHH, BHOBb )].aHHble .9TOH rpyrrrre, 6bIJIH B cyrn,HOCTII rrpe2KHHMH (J1K. 10:2-16). E)].HHCTBeHHhIM )].06aBJieHIIeM K .9TOMY HOBOMY rropyqeHHIO 6hIJIO HaITOMHHaHHe, qTo OHH )].OJI)KHbl H)].TH «BO BCHKHH ropo)]. II MeCTO, Ky)].a CaM XOTeJI H)].TH» (J1K. 10: 1).

To eCTb yqeHHKH RBJIRJIHCb CBoero po)].a rrpe)].TeqaMH CBOero rocrro)].a, rOTOBHlIJ,HMII rroqBy )].JIH Ero CJiy2KeHirn. TI0)].06Hbllf OIIbIT OHH ycBOIIJIII y2Ke HeCKOJibKHMII He)].eJIHMH paHbIIIe Ha rryTII B CaMapHIO (J1K. 9: 52), II Terrepb BCeM HM rrpe)].CTOHJIO Ha rrpaKTIIKe rrpIIMeHHTb TO, qTo OHH Y3HaJIII H3 eBaHreJIH3aUHOHHOH CTpaTerHII CBOero yqHTeJIH.

noBEJlEHMSI, ,ll.AHHbIE nocJIE BOCKPECEHHSI

Ero IIpHHI.lJIII - HaCTaBJJeHHe yqeHHKOB B eMHreJIH3aUHOHHOM Tpy,lI.e - 6bIJI HCIIOJlb30BaH TaK)Ke He• rrocpe,lI.CTBeHHO rrepe,lI. TeM, KaK OH B03BpanIJIC5I Ha He6eca, rrocJie CBoero pacrrnTHH 11 BOCKpecemrn. Ilo MeHbIIIeii Mepe B qeTbipex BCTpeqax co CBOHMH y11eHHKaMH OH roBOpHJI MM H)J.TM II COBepIIIaTb Ero JI.eJIO. BrrepBbie 3TO 6hIJIO CKasaHO yqemmaM (sa HCKJIIoqeHMeM <POMbl) B TOT rrepBblH nacxaJibHbIH Beqep, KOr,lI.a OHM co6paJIHCh B ropHMI.J.e. ITocJie Toro KaK lfacyc noKasaJI rroTpHCeHHhIM yqemmaM CBOH rrpoHseHHbie rB03)I.51MH pyKM II Horn (JlK. 24: 38-40) II p as,lI.eJIMJI c HMMM rrmuy ( JIK. 24: 41-43) , OH CKasaJI: «MMp BaM! KaK rrocJiaJI MeHH OTeu, TaK 11 5I

IIOCbIJiaIO Bae» (l1H. 20: 21), IIOCJie qero BHOBb IlOJI.TBep)I.HJI )J.JIH HMX 06eT0Bam1e o CBHTOM ,il.yxe H Ero poJih B MX TPY )J.e.

4yTh nos1Ke, KOr)I.a J,facyc saBTpaKaJI co CBOMMH yqemmaMH y TnBepMa)I.CKoro MOpH, OH TpmK)I.hI cKasaJI ITeTpy nacTM Ero oBeu (I1H. 21: 15, 16, 17).

Ha rope B f aJIMJiee OH ,lI.aJI CBoe BeJIHKoe nopyqemie He T0JibKO O)I.HHHa,ll.uanI yqemIKaM (Mcp. 28: 16), HO II BCeii uepKBH, HaCqMThIBaBIIIeft Tor,u.a OKOJIO 500 6paTbeB ( 1 Kop. 15: 6). 3TO 6bIJIO 5ICH0e M3JI02Kemie Ero cTpaTenrn saBoeBamrn Mttpa. «,il.aHa MHe BC51Ka51 BJiaCTb Ha He6e II Ha 3eMJie: MTaK, HJI.H· Te, Hayq11Te BCe HapO,lI.bl, KpeCT51 HX BO HM51 OTua II Cbrna II CBHToro ,il.yxa, yqa MX co6mo,n.aTb Bee, qT6 5l IlOBeJieJI BaM; II ce, 5I C BaMH BO BCe ,lI.HH )J.0 CKOHqaHM51 BeKa» (Mcp. 28: 18-20; cp. MK. 16: 15-18).

I1 HaK0Heu, rrepe,n TeM KaK OH B03HeCC5l K OTUY, 11Hcyc BH0Bh, II0CJie,AHHH pa3, II0BT0pttJI BCe 3T0 CBoHM yqeHHKaM, IIOKa3bIBa5l HM, KaK BCe ,AOJI)KHO coBep1IIHTbC5l ( JlK. 24: 44, 45). Ero CTpa,naHHe H CMepTb, TaK )Ke, KaK H B0CKpeceHHe B TpeTHH ,neHb, -BCe 3TO 6bIJIO rro rrJiaHy ( JIK. 24: 46). 11Hcyc rrpo,noJI)KaJI rroKa3bIBaTb HM, qTo «Ha,AJie)KaJIO ... rrporroBe,naHy 6hITb BO HM5l Ero IlOKa5IHHIO H rrpOIIJ.eHHIO rpexoB BO Bcex Hapo,nax, Ha1IHHar1 c HepycaJIHMa» (JIK. 24: 4 7). 11 B

HCIIOJIHeHHH 3TOH 60)KeCTBeHHOH ueJIH yqeHHKH ,AOJI)KHbl 6bIJIH rrpHHHMaTb He MeHblliee yqacTHe, qeM HX yqHTeJib. HM rrpe,nCT05IJIO 6bITb opy,AH5IMH rrp0B03r JiallieHHrI EJiarott BecTH, H CBr1Tott ,Uyx ,nOJI)KeH 6blJI 6hITb JIIfqHblM npHCYTCTBHeM Bora, ,naIOIIJ.HM CHJIY HX MHCCHH. «Bbl rrpHMeTe CHJIY, Kor,na cott,neT Ha Bae ,Uyx CB5IThIH, H 6y,neTe MHe CBH,neTeJI5IMH B

11epycaJIHMe II BO BceI1: Hy.nee H CaMapHH H ,na2Ke .AO Kpar1 3eMJIH» (,Ue5IH. 1: 8; cp. JIK. 24: 48, 49).

flPUHIJJ,ffl SICEH

5IcHO, tITO 11Hcyc He Mor IIOCTaBHTb ,neJIO eBaHreJIH3aUHH B 3aBHCHMOCTb TOJibKO OT qeJioBeqecKOH CHJlbl, BJIH5IHH5l H y6e2K,neHH5l. ,ll.JI5I Ero yqeHHKOB 3TO 6blJIO qeTKOe H orrpe.neJieHH0e IIOBeJieHHe, HCIIO,ABOJib B0CIIpHH5ITOe HMH eIIJ.e B Ha qaJie HX yqeHHqeCTBa H ycBoeHHOe B rrpouecce cJie,noBaHHrI 3a HHM. HHKTo H3 Tex, KTO CJie,noBaJI 3a 11HcycoM ,AO KOHUa, He Mor YKJI0HHTbC5l OT BbIIIOJIHeHH5l IIOCJie,nHero IIOBeJieHII5l. TaK 6hIJIO TOr,na - TaK o6CTOHT ,neJIO H cero,AH5l.

YqeHHKH XpHCTa (xpIICTHaHe) - 3TO JIIO.AH, rrocJiaHHbie Ha TOT 2Ke caMhIH TPY.A eBaHreJIH3aUHII MHpa, Ha KOT0pbIH 6bIJI II0CJiaH focrro,nb, HMeHH0 3a

95

9T0 OH oT,u.aJI CB010 Rm3Hb. EBaHreJrnsaI.I.i,rn - ::no He KaKoe-To tteofoISaTeJihHOe rrpHJI02Kemie K Harnett 2KH3HH. B 3TOM saKJIIOqaeTC51 cyTb BCero, qeM Mbl rrpH3BaHbl 6bITb H qTo rrpH3BaHbI ,u.eJiaTb. B 3T0M MHCCH51 UepKBH, KOTopa51 rrpH,u.aeT CMbICJI BCeMy OCTaJibHOMY, qTo rrpe.u.rrpHHHMaeTC51 BO HM51 XpHCTa. Kor.u.a 3Ta ueJib 51CH0 ocosttaeTC51, TO Bee, qTo .n.eJiaeTc51 H fOBOpHTC51, 51BJI51eTC51 CJiaBHblM ocymeCTBJieHHeM 602Kbero IIJiaHa HCKyrrJieHH51, 6y )J.b TO rrpocseTHTeJibCKHe yqpe2K,u.emrn, o6mecTBeHHa51 .n.eHTeJibHOCTh, 60JibHHUbl, pa3JIHqHoro po.u.a uepK0BHble co6paHH51 -BCe, qTo .u.eJiaeTC51 BO HM5I XpHCTa, orrpaB.u.aHO B BbIIIOJIHemm 3TOH MHCCHH.

COBPEMEHHOE UPHMEHEHHE

IlPMHI.J.HilA

Ho HeJib351 npeBpaTI-ITb 3TO B HeJI.OCTmKHMblH H,LI.eaJI. Hy2KHO, qTo6bl 3TO HaIIIJIO OTpa2KeHHe B 2KH3HH Tex, KTO CJie.u.yeT sa CrraCHTeJieM. JiyqnrniI crroco6 YJI.OCTOBepHTbC51 B TOM, qTo JI.eJIO COBeprnaeTC51,3TO ,u.aTb npaKTIIqecKHe yKa3aHH5I II 02KH)J.aTb HX BblIIOJIHeHH51. 3To 3acTaBJIHeT JIIOJI.eH Ha qaTb .u.eiICTB0BaTb, H eCJIH OHH y2Ke YBHJI.eJIH rrpHMep CBoeiI 6y.n.ymeil .u.e51TeJihHOCTH B 2KH3HH CBOero Y qHTeJrn, TO eCTb OCHOBaHH51 02KHJI.aTb, qTo yKa3aHH51 6y.u.yT BbIII0JIHeHbl. Kor,IJ.a UepKOBb 6JIH3KO K cep.u.uy rrpHMeT 3T0T ypoK H cepbe3HO IlOJI.OHJI.eT K .u.eJiy eBaHreJIH3aUHH, Tor.u.a JllO)J.H Ha uepKOBHbIX CKaMb5IX BCKope HaqHyT .u.eilcTBOBaTb JI.JI5I Bora. Heo6XO)J.HMO, OJI.HaKO, ITOMHHTb, qTo HaqaJIO pa60Tbl eme He rapaHTHpyeT ee oKoHqamui. 11Hepu1rn

npeo,uoJieHa, H Terrepb HYJKH0 coxpaHHTb ,UBH)KeHHe, 11 npHT0M B BepH0M HarrpaBJieHHH. 6e3ycJIOBHO, yKa3amu1, K0T0pbie I1Hcyc ,uasaJI CBOHM yqemIKaM, TIO KpattHeH Mepe BHalJaJie, He 03HalJaJIH ,UJIH yqeHHK0B 0K0HllaHirn Ero «rro,ur0T0BHTeJibH0H lllK0Jihl». I1M npe,UCTOHJI0 erue 0lJeHb MH0roMy HaylJHTbCH, rrpe)K,Ue qeM CTaTb BbIIIYCKHHKaMH, H, II0Ka 3TO BpeMH He HacryrrHJI0, OH He crrelllHJI ocso6o*,uaTb HX OT CBoero ~HlJH0ro pyKOB0,UCTBa. Ero 3a60Ta 06 3T0M HaCTOJibK0 HBHa H Ero MeT0,U B 3TOM 0TH0llleHHH HaCT0JibK0 lJeTK0 BH,ll.eH, lJTO ero He06XO,ll.HMO paCCM0TpeTb KaK c~e,uyIOWJfH 3Tarr B Ero CTpaTerm-1 rroJIHOH no6e,uhl.

7 3aK. 950

rAaBa 7 KOHTPOHb

«EU{e AU He no1-tuMa~reu 1-1,e pa3yMeere?» Mx:. 8: 17 OH nPOBEP51Jl MX

Y H1-1cyca 6hIJIO npaBHJio: nocJie Ka:>K.n.oro cJ1y)Kemu1 CBOHX yqeHHKOB BbICJIYlllHB3Tb HX OTtleTbl H )l.eJll-ITbC5I c HHMH pa,II.0CTblO CBoero co6cTBeHHOro

CJiy)KeHH5I. B 3TOM CMbICJle MO)KHO CK333Tb, tJTO B Ero ytieHHH HaCTaBJ1eHH5I qepeJI.0BaJIHCb C npe.n.nHCaHH5IMH. KorJI.a OH 6bIJI c HHMH, TO noMoraJI HM noH5ITb npHtJHHY KaKOrO-J1H60 rrpe)l.bIJI.YllI.ero .n.eifCTBHH

HJ1H II0)l.f0TaBJIHBaJ1 HX K KaKOMY·HH6Y.ll.b npe,II.CT0H· meMy, H0B0MY nepe)KHBaHHIO HJIH 0TibITy. Ero BOTT· pOCbl, npHMepbl, npe)l.0CTepe:>KeHH5I H yBern.eBaHHH 6bI.nH HanpaBJieHbl Ha TO, tJT06bI )l.aTb HM 3HaHH51, Heo6xo)l.lIMble JI.JI5I COBeplllemrn Ero rpyJI.a - eBaHreJIH3aUHH MHpa.

TI03TOMY, BCKope TI0CJie Toro KaK )l.BeHaJI.U3Tb 6bI· JIH rrocJiaHhl, «co6paJI11Cb ArrocTOJihI K HHcycy» (MK.

6: 30; JlK. 9: 10). I1TaK, 3TO C>bIJIO npe,n_yCM0TpeHu

3apaHee, H nepBbIH BbIXO,LI_ yqeHHKOB 6bIJI npoCTO CBOero po,u_a «noJieBOH npaKTHKOH», - OHH no-npe21rneMy npo,n_oJI2KaJIH npOXO,LI_HTb rro,u_roTOBKY co CBOHM HacTaBHHKOM.

To, l!TO yqeHHKH BHOBb co6paJIHCb BMeCTe TIOCJie CBoero eBaHreJIH3aUHOHHoro noxo,u_a, pa3yMeeTC.H, ,u_aBaJIO HM B03M02KHOCTb OT,LI_OXHYTb ,u_yrnoi1 H TeJI0M, l!TO 6hIJIO He06XO,LI_11MO. TT11caH11e He rosop11T HHtiero 0 TOM, CK0JibKO speMeHH yqeHHKH 6bIJIH Ha CJiy2KeHl111. Bepo.HTHO, HeCK0JihK0 ,n_Hett, ,u_a2Ke He,nemo. BpeM.H 3,n_eCb HeBa2KHO. Ba2KHO ,npyroe, yqeHHKH, KaK rroKa3bIBaeT TT11caH11e, coseprn11s TPY ,u_, ,n_oJI2KHbI 6b1JI11 ITOTOM no,n_eJil1TbC.H CB0l1M 0ITbITOM C rpyrrrroi1.

TaK 2Ke 11 CeMb,LI_eC.HT, BepHyBIIIHCb, pacCK333JIH 0 CBOeM Tpy,n_e. «CeMb,11.eC.HT yt.IeHl1K0B B03Bp3Tl1JIHCb C

pa,noCTbIO 11 roBopHJrn: rocrro,u_11! H 6eCbI ITOBHHYIOTC5I

HaM o HMeH11 TBoeM» (JIK. 10:17). B rrpe,n_b1,n_ymeii MHCCl1H ,n_BeHa,n_uaT11 He 6WJIO yrr0M11H3Hl1.H 0 K3K0MT0 .HBH0M, 3cpcpeKTHOM ycrrexe B 11X Tpy,n_e, HO 3,11.eCb

0HH npH1IIJil1 B036y2K,n_eHI-Ibie, T0p2KeCTBYIOII..I.He. BepO.HTH0, ,neJIO 6bIJIO s ,LI_0IT0JIHIITeJibH0M OITbITe, KOTOpbIH yqeHl1KH 33 3T0 BpeM5I rrp1106peJIH.

HHl!TO He Morno ,nocTaB11Tb I111cycy 60Jib1IIei1 pa,nocT11, l!eM 3T0. 5IcHo B11,11..Hrro6e,u_y, OKOHl!aTeJibHOl1 rapaHTHeH KOTOpOH 6bIJI HX Tpy,n_, I1Hcyc CKa3aJI: «5I BH,n_eJI caTaHy, crra,u_rnero c He6a, KaK MOJIHHIO» (JlK. 10: 18). «B TOT qac B03pa,n_oBaJIC.H ,u_yxoM [B aHrJIHHCKOM nepeBo,n_e «Bo3pa,u_osaJIC.H BO Cs5ITOM ,Uyxe» - rrpHM. rrepeB.] I1ttcyc» 11 B03BbICHJI rOJI0C B xBaJie Bory 3a Bee c,neJiaHHoe ( JlK. 10: 21, 22). BoT JI.JIH qero I1Hcyc TPYAHJICH see 3TH ,noJirne MeC5IUbI, H Terrepb OH BHJI.eJI HeKoTopbre rrJIOJI.bI CBoero Tpy,n_a. 7* 99

TTo,rr.o6HbIH rrJiaH, pasyMeeTC5I, Tpe6yeT BpeMeHH, HaCTaBJI5ITb yqeHHKOB B HCTHHe, II 3TOT CJiyqall OH HCIIOJlb30B3Jl, qTo6~ rrpe,rr.OCTepeqb HX rrpOTHB rop,rr.oCTH 33 CBOH CBepmeHH5I. OH CK333JI: «O,rr.HaKO )K TOMY He pa,rr.yihecb, qTo ,rr.yxH BaM rroBHHYIOTC5I; HO pa,rr.yHTeCb TOMY' qTo HMeHa B3ll1H HaIIHCaHbI Ha He6ecax» (JIK. 10:20).

TIOCT051HHblR 0630P M UPMMEHEHUE

B 3THX «3K3aMeHaUHOHHbIX cecc1rnx» oqeHb qeTKO

BH,IT.Ha CTpaTerm1 l-IJ:Icyca: rrpOCMaTpHBa5I HaKOIIJieHHbIH yqeHHKaMH OilbIT, OH l:l3BJieKaJI H3 Hero TO, qTQ

MOr JIO HMeTb rrpaKTHqeCKOe rrpHMeHeHHe B HX )KH3HH. Bo3bMeM B KaqecTBe HJIJIIOCTpaUHH TOT cJiyqatt, KOr,rr.a yqeHHKH TW,eTHO IlbITaJIHCb l:ICUeJIHTb 60JibHOro M3JlbqHKa. 3TO rrpOHCXO,lJ.HJIO, IIOKa I1ttcyc 6bIJI Ha rope Tipeo6paMeHH5I c TieTpOM, I1aKOBOM H I1oaHHOM. B Ero oTcyTCTBHe ,rr.pyrne yqeHHKH rrbITaJIHCb HCUeJIHTb o,rr.epMHMoro 6eCOM MaJibqHKa, K0Toporo rrpHBeJI K Hl:IM ero 0Teu. y HHX He,IT.OCTaBaJIO Bepbl ,IT.JI51 CT0Jib cepbe3Horo cJiyqa5I, H Kor,rr.a I1ttcyc BepHyJIC5I II0CMOTpeTb, KaK H,IT.YT ,rr.eJia, OH o6HapyMHJI o6e3yMeBII1ero OT rop5I 0TUa C 60JibHblM pe6eHKOM, 6bIOW,HMC5I B rrpHrra,rr.Ke 3IIHJieIICHH rrepe,rr. 6ecrrOMOIUHhIMH yqemIKaMH. I1Hcyc, KOHeqHo, II03a6oTHJIC51 0 M3JlbqHKe, HO HCII0Jlb30B3Jl 3TOT cJiyqaH, qT06bI rrperro,rr.aTb ,rr.oca,rr.oBaBlllHM yqeHHKaM BeCbMa ueHHblH ypoK, yKa3aB Ha Heo6XO,l1.HMOCTb M0JIHTBbl H II0CTa (MK. 9: 17-29; Mcp. 17: 14-20; JIK. 9:37-43).

BcrrOMHHTe TaKMe, KaK OH H3IIOMHHJI HM 0 HX yqaCTHH B H3CbIIUeHHl:l Hapo,rr.a, II0Ka3aB TeM caMbIM, 100

qTo ,u.,7rn: Hero Bee B03MO)KHO (MK. 6:30-44; 7:318:9; Mcp. 14: 13-21; 15:29-38; JlK. 9: 10-17; HH. 6: 113). 9To rrpOH30llIJIO, KOr,ll.a OHH rreperrpaBJIHJIHCb B

JIO,ll.Ke qepe3 faJIHJieikKoe Mope cpa3y )Ke rrocJie Toro, KaK yqHTeJib cypoB0 o6miqHJI IT0CTOHHHO HlllYlllHX 31-JaMeHHH rrpe,ll.CTaBHTeJieii peJIHrH03HbIX ceKT TOro BpeMeHH (MK. 8: 10-12; Mcp. 15: 39-16: 4).

HHcyc, HeC0MHeHHO, 6bIJI y,ll.pyqeH 3THM 3ITH30,ll.OM, OH o6paTHJICH K CBOHM yqeHHKaM H CKa3aJI: «CMoTpHTe, 6epernTeCb 33KBaCKH cpapHceiiCKOH H 33KB3CKH Hpo,ll.oBoii». Ho ,ll.yxosHo CJierrb1e yqeHHKH, HaqaBllIHe y)Ke omymaTb rOJI0,ll., pellIHJIH, qTO OH He coBeTyeT HM IIOKyrraTb XJie6 y 3THX HeBepyIOlllHX JII0)I.eii, H Terrepb He)I.oyMeBaJII-I, OTKY )I.a HM B3HTb ITHlllH. BH,ll.H, qTo 0HH C0BepllleHHO He IT0HHJIH ,ll.YXOBH0rO CMhICJia Ero 3aMeqaHHH, l1Hcyc cKa3aJI: «4T6 paccy)K,ll.aeTe 0 TOM, qT0 HeT y Bae XJie6oB? eme JIH He Il0HHMaeTe H He pa3yMeeTe? eme JIH 0KaMeHeH0 y Bae cep,ll.ue? HMeH oqH, He BH,ll.HTe? HMeH yllIH, He CJiblllIHTe? H He ITOMHIITe? Kor,ll.a 5I IlHTb XJie6oB rrpeJI0MHJI ,ll.JIH ITHTII ThieHq qeJI0BeK, CK0JibKO IlOJIHblX KOpo6oB Ha6paJIH BbI KYCKOB?» foBOpHT EMy: )I.BeH3,ll.U3Tb» (MK. 8: 17-19).

HecOMHeHHO, 3T0 .HCH0 H3IT0MHHJI0 HM TOT )I.eHb, KOr,ll.a yqeHHKH yca,ll.HJIH HapO,ll. ,ll.JIH Tparre3bl H 33TeM YBH,ll.eJIH, KaK OH COBepllIHJI tJY,ll.O C XJieoaMH. *

* ITpe:>K,ne tieM ttaKopMHTb TI5ITb TbIC5III, Hecyc cHaqaJia nonpocHJI yqeHHKOB ,naTb JII0Jl5IM qTQ-HH6y,nb eCTb. 3TO 6bIJIO c.n.eJI3HO YMblIIIJieHHO, IIT06b! TIOKa33Tb HM HX MaJiyIO Bepy (HH. 6:6) H cocpe,noToqHTb HX BHHMaHHe Ha npo6JieMe, KOTOpa5I MO:>KeT B03HHKHYTb H3-33 MaJiosepmr. 11 Kor,na yqeHHKH y6e,nHJIHCb B csoe11 noJIHol'l: 6ecnoMOWJIOcTH s :>TOH ceTyaueH, HHcyc BMCIII3JIC5I CaM H }l3)Ke BOCTTOJlb30B3JIC5I HX ycJiyraMH )lJI5I peIIIeHH5I npo6JieMhl. •

Omr BCTI0MHHJil1 TaKJKe, KaK OH B0CTI0Jib30BaJIC5I HX

TI0M0lll.blO rrp11 pacrrpe,UeJieHHl1 I111lll.H, qTo6bI XB3THJI0 K3)K,U0MY, a 33TeM ,UJI5I Toro, qT06bI co6paTb 0CTaBmeecH. TT011CTl1He, .9T0 6bIJIO 5IpKoe B0CTI0Ml1H3HHe, 1160 y K3)K,U0f0 H3 ,UBeHa,UU3TH 6bIJIO TIO KOpo6y, TI0JIH0MY TIHlUH, K0r,Ua BCe HaeJIHCb. ToqHo TaK Me OHM

BCTI0MHHJil1, KaK y Hl1X 0CTaJI0Cb CeMb Kopo6oB IT0CJie H3Cbilll.eHl15I qeTbipex TbIC5Iq. C .9Tl1M oqeBH,UHbIM ,U0Ka3aTeJibCTB0M qynone11cTBeHHOH CHJihI l·focyca He M0fJI0 6bITb C0MHeHH5I B Ero crroco6HOCTl1 HaK0pMHTb HX C3Ml1X e,UHHCTBeHHbIM KYCK0M XJie6a B CJiyqae Heo6XO,Ul1MOCTl1. «Torna 0HH IT0HHJIH, 4T0 OH rosopIIJI HM 6epe%C5I He 33KB3CKH XJie6HOH, HO yqeHH5I cpapIICeHCKOro 11 ca,U,UyKeHCKOro» (Mcp. 16: 12).

YPOKH TEPnEHH51

O6yqa51 ArrOCTOJIOB, f oCTI0,Ub TI0CTOHHH0 K0ppeKTHp0BaJI IIX rrocTyrrKH. TToMaJiyH, Ha1160Jiee HpKHM rrpHMepoM TaKOH KoppeKTHp0BKH M0)KH0 C4HTaTb ypoK, CB5I33HHbIH C OTH0illeHHeM ArroCTOJIOB K JIIO,UHM, KOTOpbie II3roHHJIH ,UeM0HOB HMeHeM J,facyca H rrpII .9TOM He 6~JIH qJieHaMH arrOCTOJibCKOA rpyrrrr~.

O4eBH,UHO, 4T0 B XO,Ue CB0HX rryTemeCTBHH OHH He0,UHOKp 3 TH0 CTaJIKHB3JIHCb C T3KHMH, HO TaK KaK .9Tl1 JIIO,UH 6bIJIII He 113 HX 0KpyMeHHH, yqeHJIKII HeraTHBH0 0TH0CHJIHCb K HX ,Ue5ITeJibH0CTl1 (MK. 9: 38; JlK. 9: 49). HecOMHeHHo, yqeHHKH J,facyca C4HTaJIII, 4T0 0HH ITOCTynaIOT npaBHJibH0, HO K0r,Ua 06 .9TOM

Y3HaJI Y4HTeJib, OH 6hIJI BhIHYMJJ.eH o6oHCHHTb HM, qrn HeJib35I 3anpemaTb HCKpeHHHH TPYJJ. OT Ero HMeHH (MK. 9:39-50; Mcp. 18:6-14). «He 3arrpemaiiTe,-

CKasaJI l-facyc, - 1160, KT0 He rrpoTHB Bae, TOT 3a

Bae» (JIK. 9:50). 3aTeM, fOB0p.H BOo6me o BCex He• CBe,n.ym11x JIIOJJ.HX, oco6eHHO o ,n.ernx, OH rrpo,n.o.JI• )Ka.JI: «KTo co6Jia3Hl1T o,n.Horo 113 MaJihIX c11x, Bepy10m11x B MeH.H, T0MY Jiyqllle 6bIJIO 6hI, eCJIH 6hI TIO·

BeCIIJIH eMy )KepHOBHbIH KaMeHb Ha IlleIO H 6pOCHJIH ero B Mope» (MK. 9: 42). «HeT B0Jil1 OTua Bamero

He6ecHoro, qT06bI norn6 o,n.HH 113 MaJihIX CHX» (Mcp. 18:14).

B ,n.pyroM nyTellleCTBHH, Korn.a rocno,n.b TI0CJiaJI HX B CaMapHIO, yqeHHKH CT0JIKHYJIHCb C 0TKpbITbIM conp0Tl1BJieHl1eM. OTBeTHbIM rropbIB0M HX 6bIJIO YHHqT0)Kl1Tb 3THX JIIO,D.eH, OHH X0TeJIH npl13BaTb or0Hb C He6a (JlK. 9: 51-54). Ho l111cyc, KornphIH CT0.HJI rroo,n.aJih, «o6paTl1BllIHCb K HHM, 3anpeTl1Jl HM l1 CKa·

3aJI: He 3HaeTe, KaK0ro Bbl ,n.yxa. 1160 CbIH l-IeJIOBe• qeCKIIH npHilleJI He ry6HTb JJ.YllIH qeJIOBeqecKHe, a crracaTb» (JIK. 9:55,56). 11 3aTeM 0Hl1 «Il0lliJIH B ,n.pyroe ceJieHHe» ( JIK. 9: 56).

C06J1IO.ll.EHHE nPHHU.HnA

MHoro ,n.pyrnx npHMep0B M0)KH0 npHBeCTH, qTo6bI TIOKa3aTb, KaK l111cyc KOHTpOJIHpoBaJI ,n.e:ikTBl15I l1 peaKUl1H CBOHX yqeHHK0B, K0r,n.a 0HH CTaJIKHBaJIHCb c pa3JI11qHbIMH TPYJJ.HhIMl1 CHTyaUHHMH. OH nocT0.HH· HO CJie,D.l1Jl 3a HHMH, BCe 6oJibllle y,n.emrn HM BHHMa• HH.H, no Mepe Toro KaK Ero CJiy)KeHHe TI0,D.XO,D.HJIO K KOHUY- OH He ,n.aBaJI HM paccJia6ttTbC.H HH B ycrrexe, HH B Hey,n.aqe. l.JTO 6bI OHH HH ,n.eJiaJIH, Bcer,n.a 0CTa• BaJIOCh c,n.eJiaTh eme 6oJibllle II eme 60.JibllleMy Ha• yqHTbC.H. OH pa,n.oBaJICH HX ycrrexy, HO Ero ueJihJO

6bIJIO 3aB0eBam1e MHpa - H He MeHbllle, - H K 3TOH uemi: OH Bcer,ua HarrpaBJI5!JI HX ycHJIH5!.* 3TO 6hIJio o6yqeHHe B rrpouecce pa60TbI. lfacyc ,uaBaJI B03MO)KH0CTb CBOHM Il0CJie,U0BaTeJUIM rrp1rn6peCTH co6CTBeHHbl11 0ilhIT, HMeTb co6CTBeHHbie Ha6mo,ueHH5!, a 3aTeM OH HCIT0Jlb30BaJI 3TOT MarepHaJI, qro6bI nperro,uaTb ypoK CBOHM yqeHHKaM. l1x crpeMJieHHe ,ueJiaTb Ero ,ueJI0 (xOT5! HM 3T0 H He BCer,na y,uaBaJIOCb) IlOMOraJio HM Jiyqrue OCO3HaBaTb CBOH He,UOCTaTKH, H IlO3TOMY OHH OXOTHO rro,uqHHHJIHCb pyKOBO,UCTBY H KOHTpomo yqHTeJI5!. DOJiee Toro, )KH3HeHHhie CIITyaUHH, C KOTOpbIMH CTaJIKHBaJIHCb yqemIKH, ,uaBaJIH l1Hcycy B03MO)KHOCTb 6oJiee KOHKperno cpopMyJIHpOBaTb CBoe HaCTaBJieHHe C yqeTOM HX HY)K,U H rrpaKTHqeCKOro OilbITa. O6yqeHHe BCer,ua ycBaHBaeTCH Jiyqrue, eCJIH eCTb BO3MO)KHOCTb rrpHMeHHTb CBOH 3H3HH5!. Ba)KHO OTMeTHTb, qTo, KOHTpOJIHPY5! CBOHX yqeHHK0B, l111cyc Il0CT05IHHO CJie,UIIJI 3a TeM, lIT06hI OHH lIIJIH K Toft ueJIH, KOTopyIO OH rrepe,u HHMH rrocraBHJI. OH He Tpe6oBaJI OT HHX 60JiblIIe, qeM 0HH M0rJIH c,ueJiaTb, a IlOM0raJI HM rrp05!BJI5!Tb CB0H JiyqrnHe Ka qecrBa, no Mepe Toro KaK 0HH B03pacTaJIH B no3Hamm H 6Jiaro,uaTH. Ero ITJiaH o6yqeHH5! C Il0MOIUbIO npHMepa, yKa3aHHH H IIOCT05!HHOrO KOHTP0JI5I 6bIJI

paCClIHTaH Ha TO, lIT06bI Bh151BHTh JIYtilIIee, 1ITO B HHX 6bIJIO.

* OH cTapaJic5I BHYUIHTh HM, IITO CB5ITOH ,Uyx 6y,11.er npo,rr.oJI.tKaTb KOHTpoJinpoBaTb nx TPYJI. nocJie Toro, KaK OH CaM ocTaBHT HX 6e3 Csoero pyKoBO,ll.CTBa BO TIJIOTH. I1 s HacT05IUiee speM5I HH O)].HH xpHCTHaHCKHH Tpy.tKeHHK He 0CTaBJieH 6e3 JIHqnoro K0HTPOJI5I.

COBPEMEHHOE TIPHMEHEHHE TIPHHUHUA

I1 ceronm1 He MeHee TeprremrnhIH H BMeCTe c TeM peIIIHTeJibHblH KOHTpOJib He06XO)lHMO ocymecTBJ15ITb TeM, KTO CTpeMHTC5I IIO)lfOTOBHTb npyrHX )lJl5I )leJia eBaHremI3aUHH. He CTOHT nyMaTb, qTO neJio 6yneT COBepIIIaTbC5I rrpOCTO IIOTOMY, qTQ KTO-TO IIOK333JI MeJiaIOrueMy TPYJlHTbC5I, KaK 3TO )leJiaTb, H 3aTeM ornpaBHJI ero Ha CJiyMeHHe C panyMHbIMH Ha)leM)laMH Ha pe3yJihTaT. MoMeT B03HHKHYTh Macca rrpo6JieM, crroco6HblX OTBJieqb OT pa60Tbl, H ecm-1 3TH BorrpOCbl He 6y JlYT peaJibHO peIIIeHbl KOMIIeTeHTHbIMH H IlOHHMaIOIII.HMH JIIO)].bMH, OTqa5JBIIIHHC5I TpyMeHHK JierKO IIOTeprrHT rropaMeHHe. ToqHo TaK Me MHOrne rrepeMHB3HH5I 6JiaronaTH, KOTOpbie rrpHHOC5IT nyme pa)lOCTb, He06XO)lHMO pa3'b5ICH5ITb H yrny6JI5ITb, HCTOJIK0BbIB35I HX 3Ha qeHHe B CBeTe BCeMHpHOH MHCCHH XpHCTa. 3TO 01IeHh cepbe3HO, H yqacTBYIOIII.He

B eBaHreJIH33UHOHHOM Tpyne JlOJl)KHbl HMeTb JIH1IHbIH

KOHTpOJib H pyKOBO)].CTBO JlO Tex rrop, IIOKa OHH He CTaHyT )l0CT3T01IHO 3peJihIMH )lJl5I Toro, qT06bI neiiCTBOBaTb C8MOCT05ITeJibHO.

COXPAHHTb BH,UEHME UEJIH

Mb! )lOJl)KHbI TaKMe Beer )la IIOMHHTb, 1ITO Ha III a ueJih - 3aBOeBaHHe MHpa. HeJib35I II03BOJ15ITb Mettee 3Ha1IHMbIM rrpo6JieMaM H3MeH51Tb HaIIIy CTpaw:n-110.

CJIHlliKOM 1I3CTO qeJIOBeK rrpHXO)lHT Ha CJiyMeHHe, 3aTeM BhrnyM,11,eH yiiTH H3-3a OTCYTCTBH5I naJibHefimero HaCTaBJieHH5I HJIH IIO,II,)lepMKH. B pe3yJihTaTe ero JJ,e5ITeJihHOCTb rrpesparuaeTC5I B JIHxopa)].oqHbIH 6er no

Kpyry. HeT poem. TioTeHuttaJihHbie crroco6HocTH Tpy2Kem-1Ka He pa3BHBaIOTC5I, H ,ll.OBOJibHO CKOpo MHOro06ern.a10rn.H11 JII,i,ll.ep CTaH0BHTC5I HerrpHrO,ll.HbIM H3-3a OTCYTCTBH5I KOHTP0JI5I. OH TeprrHT rropa.JKeHHe HaKaHyHe rro6e,nhI. qTO Kor,na-TO Ka3aJI0Cb TaKHM xopoIllHM, II0CTerreHH0 CTaH0BHTC5I rrperr5ITCTBHeM ,ll.JI5I JiyqIllero.

HecoMHeHHo, MHoree H3 HalllHX ycttJIHH oKa3hIBaIOTC5I TlIJ.eTHbIMH HMeHHO no 3TOH rrpHtIHHe. Mbl TeprrHM Hey,naqy He II0TOMY, qTo He CTapaeMCH qroTO ,neJiaTh, a IIOTOMY, qTo TpaTHM Halllfl yCHJIH5I Ha pellleHHe He60JiblllHX rrpo6JieM H rrpH 3TOM He ,neJiaeM rJiaBHOro. B pe3yJibTaTe Mbl TepHeM fO,ll.hI, K0TOpbie MOrJIH 6bI IIOCB5ITHTb ycep,nHOMY Tpy,ny.

Kor,na MhI ycBOHM ypoK Xpttcrn n He 6y,neM y,uoBJieTBOp5ITbC5I JIHillb rrepBbIMH IIJIO,UaMH Tex, KTO rroCJiaH ,UJI5I CBH,neTeJibCTBa? YqeHHKOB HY.JKHO paCTHTb ,uo 3peJIOCTH. He MO.JKeT 6bITb 3aMeHHTeJIH IIOJIHOH H OKOHqaTeJibHOH rro6e,ubl, tt Hallie IIOJie - MHp. Mhl rrpH3BaHbl He 0TCH.JKHBaTbC5I B KperroCTH, a 6paTb IllTYPM0M BbICOTbI. 11 HMeHHO B 3TOM CBeTe MO.JKeT 6bITb II0H5IT IIOCJie,ll.HHH 3Tarr eBaHreJIH3aUHOHH011 cTpaTerett 11Hcyca.

rAaBa 8 eocnPOMSBE.UEHME

«...l-fro6bt Bbl lUJlU U npUJ-WCUJlU nAoa» HH. 15: 16

OH O)l(MJJ.AJIOT HMX BOCflPOM3BEJJ.EHMSI

lfocyc rropyqHJI CBOHM yqeHHKaM C03AaTh no Ero 06pa3uy UepKOBh H c ee rroMOlll.hIO co6paTb JIIOAeii H3 MHpa. TaKHM o6pa30M, Ero CJiyMem1e B nyxe ,l],OJI)KHO 6bIJIO 6hITb MHOrOKpaTHO IlOBTopeHO 6Jiaro,l],apH Ero cJiyMeHHIO B MH3HHX Ero yqeHHKOB. 4epe3 HHX H Apyrnx, HM TIOA06HbIX, eMy rrpe,l],CTOHJIO nocTeneHHO nrnpHTbCH I1 pacrrpocTpaHHTbCH, OXBaThIBaH BCe 60.JiblIIYIO ccpepy' TIOKa MlIJIJIHOHbl JIIO,l],eH He 6yAyT IIMeTb B03MOMHOCTb Y3HaTb f!Hcyca TaK, KaK 3HaJIH Ero yqeHIIKII, KOrAa 6bIJIH c HHM. oJiaroAapH 3TOH CTpaTerim 3aBoeBaHHe MHpa 6bIJIO TOJlbKO BOnpocoM BpeMeHH II 3aBHCeJIO OT BepHOCTII yqeHHKOB Ero rrJiaHy.

C HX rroM0II.I.hIO lfocyc C03,Jla.n ocHoBy nmi: l lepKBH, crroco6HOH 6pOCHTb Bb130B H B0CT0p:>KeCTB0BaTb Han BCeMH CHJ1aMH CMepTH H ana. BHaqa.ne 0Ha 6blJ1a MaJJeHbKOH, KaK ropqHqHoe 3epH0, HO eii npe,nCT05IJ10 BbipaCTH H yKperrHTbCH, qT06bI CTaTb JI.cpeB0M «60.nhlne Bcex 3JJaKoB» (Mcp. 13:32; cp. MK. 4:32; JlK. 13: 18, 19). l111cyc He paccqHTbIBaJI, qro

6ynyT crraceHbI Bee H Ka:>KJI.hiii (OH co BCeM pea.nH3M0M C03HaBaJ1 MHTelKHYIO CYII.I.H0CTb qe.noBeKa, cnoco6Horo corrpoTHBJlrlTbCH, HeCM0TpH Ha 6.naronaTb), HO OH rrpeJI.BHJI.eJJ neHb, Korna EBaHre.nHe crraceHH5I 6yneT rrporroBenaHo Bo HMrI Ero BCHKoii TBapH. EJiaronapr1 3T0MY CBH)leTe.nhCTBY Ero B0HHCTBy10rua,1 UepKOBh B 0JlHH rrpeKpacHhifi n.eHb n.o.n:>KHa 6bIJia cTaTb sceMttpHoii UepKOBbIO, a 3aTeM - UepKORbIO Top :>KeCTBYIOme ii.

Eor He o6ema.n .nerKoii rro6en.h1. MHornM rrpe,nCT0HJJ0 rrpeTeprreTb B 3T0H 6HTBe roHeHirn H My 11eHHqeCTB0. On.HaKO, HeCM0TprI Ha BeJJHKHe HCIIbITamrn, K0T0pbie rrpe)lCT05IJ10 rrpoHTH Ero Hapon.y, HeCM0Tp5I Ha rrpmirpaHHbie B 3Toii 6opb6e «6011 MecTHoro 3HaqeHHH», KoHeqHaH rro6e)la HeH36e:>KHa. Ero UepKOBb B K0HUe K0HU0B ,U0J1:>KHa rro6e)I.HTb. * H11qTo He MO-

* lfro6bI KTO-HH6y,rr,h He HCT0JIKOBaJI oum6otIHO 3TOT 0TITHMH3M H He rrpe,rr,II0JI0)KHJI, tJTO eBaHreJIH3aUH51 MHpa, 0 KOTOpoft 3,11,ech roBopHTC5I, yCTpaH5IeT Heo6xo,rr,HMOCTb BTOporo rrpHllieCTBH5I XpHCTa B CJiaBe, II03B0JibTe MHe II0BTOpHTb, tJT0 rrpoII0Be,11,b EsaHreJIH5I JIHWb roT0BHT nyTh ,rr,JI5I so3sparuemrn rocno,rr,a ( Mcp. 24: 14). OH a He HCKJI!O,.JaeT Heo6xo,rr,HMOCTH JIHtJH0ro BMernaTeJibCTBa XpHCTa B K0Hl~e BpeMeH, He npe,rr,noJiaraeT, tJTO UapcTBO HacTyIIHT s pe3yJihTaTe tJeJioseqecKoH ,rr,e5ITeJibH0CTH. 3TO He 3aBHCHT H OT K0HKpeTHbIX TOtJeK 3peHHH Ha TbICHqeJieTHee uapcTB0, K0T0pbie y Hae MoryT 6bITh.

)KeT B0306Jia,n,aTb Ha,n, HeIO HJHI rrpe0,U0JieTb ee (Mcp. 16: 18).

fl06E,ll.A lfEPE3 CBH,ll.ETEJlbCTBO

9Ta He06bIKHOBeHHaH yBepeHHOCTb B 6y,n,ymeM

6bIJia OCHOBaHa Ha Ero 3HaHHII Tex, KTO cJiy)KIIJI EMy B HaCTOHll.I,eM. On BH,n,eJI, t.JTO Ero yt.JeHIIKH y31rnm1

no Kparrneil Mepe cyrn.HoCTh Ero cJiaBbI. TieTp, roBopH OT IIMeHII BCex, cyMMHpOBaJI 3T0 B CBOeM 3a5IBJiemm 11ttcycy: «Thi - XpIICToc, Cbrn Bora )KIIBoro» (Mcp. 16: I 6; cp. MK. 8: 29; JIK. 9: 20). HecoKpynrnMaH IICTHii JI Y CJibIIIIaB 3TO, 11IIcyc yBII,UeJI CBoIO no6e,n,y. OH 0TBeTIIJI: «TbI - TieTp, II Ha ceM KaMHe 5I co3,n,aM UepKOBh MoIO» (Mcp. 16: 18).

CIIJia 3TIIX CJIOB ITOKa3bIBaeT, KaK Ba)KHbI t.JeJIOBeqecK11e YCHJIHH II IIHIIUHaTHBa ,UJ15I ,UOCTH)KeHH5I rro6e,ubI. He npIIHIIMa5I ceilt.Jac B pact.JeT TO, l.JT0 B

3TOM BbICKa3bIBaHIIII OTHOCIITC5I K UepKBH, o6paTHM

BHIIMaHHe Ha qeJIOBeKa, 3a5IBHBIIIero O CBOeH JIHqHOH Bepe B r ocrrona. TieTp ne caM rrp11IIIeJI K Bhrno,uy, qTO ero Yq11TeJib 6hIJI CbIHOM DO)KbHM, KaK II o6'bHCHHJI 3T0 11ttcyc (Mcp. 16: 17). TeM He Menee OTThIT 3TOrO 0TKpOBeHH5I 6bl.JI B ero )KH3HII BeCbMa orrpe,ueJieHHO CB5I3aH C ero «TT.JIOTbIO II KpOBbIO», II 6Jiaro,UapH Bepnoif rrepe,uat.Je 3TOro cpaKTa ,upyrnM UepKBH XpHCTOBOH rrpe,una3Ha qeHO 6bIJ10 B0CT0p)KeCTBOBaTb. Pa3Be Mor Jia oHa rrorn6HyTh? Bepa ArrocToJioB B )KliBOfO XpIICTa H3CTOJlbKO yKopeHH.JI3Cb B IIX )Klf3HII, qTo CTaJia TBep,uoif, KaK KaMeHh, IIJIH CKaJia,3THM K3MHeM IleTp C4IITaJI CBOero f ocrro,ua, - «Kpae-

yroJihHhIH KaMeHb», * - Ha KOTOpOM BCe Bepy10nu1e

5IBJI5IJIHCb <OKHBhIMH KaMHHMH» B cTpoeHHH Ero UepKBH (1 ITeT. 2:4-8; cp. Ecp. 2:20-22).

*

IlepcoHaJibHa5l HarrpaBJieHHOCTb 3TOro o6pameHH5I HHOr)].a 3aTyrneBbIBaeTC5I JIIO,ll,bMH, CTpeM5llllHMHC5l H36e:IB:aTb JII06oro HaMeKa Ha TO, 'ITO ITeTp 3aHHMaJI BepxoBHOe IIOJIO:IB:eHHe B uepKBH. 11x orraceHH5l JIHilleHbl OCHOBaHHH, TaK KaK HH 3TOT OTpblB0K, HH KaKoe-JIH6o npyroe MeCTO B Err6JmH He naIOT OCH0BaHHH JI.JI5I rrpeTeH3HH PrrMcKoit KaTOJIH'lecKoit uepKBH Ha rrarrCTBO. ,Ua:IB:e YTBep:IB:,ll,aTb, KaK neJiaIOT MHOrHe HCCJie,ll,OBaTeJil-1 IlHcamrn, 'ITO CJIOBo «KaMeHb» OTHOCHTC5l K ITeTpy, - 3Hal!HT rrpocTO He,u.ooueHHBaTb ero BbI,ll,aIOmeec5l IIO.'IO)KeHHe H ero Ba)KHeitwyIO pOJib B ,ll,eJie pacrrpoCTpaHeHH5I Ha 3eMJie Bepbl B XprrCTa.

HeKOTOpbie y'leHbie rrpe,ll,IIO'IHTaIOT pa3be,ll,HHHTb 3TH )].B3 I10HHTH5I: IleTp - «KaMeHb» H «KaMeHb», Ha KOTOpOM, no CJIOBaM XpttcTa, OH rroCTpOHT CBoIO UepKOBb. 11x HCTOJIKOBattrre H,ll,eT B HeCKOJibKHX HarrpaBJieHH5IX. Oco6eHHO lllHpOKO pacrrpoCTpaHeHo MHeHrre, 'ITO «KaMeHb» 03HaqaeT HCI10BeJ1,aH11e ITeTpOM ero Bepb!. EcTb MHeHrre, O'IeHb 6JIH3KOe K 3TOH T0'IKe 3peHHH, Otto cocToHT B TOM, 'ITO «KaMeHb» - 3T0 CaM Xprrcroc. ,Upyrne C'IHTaIOT, 'ITO pe'lb HJI.eT 0 ITeTpe KaK 0 rrpencraBHTeJie Bcex Bepy10mttx. UeJibIH p5IJI. rrccJienoBaTeJieit rrprrna10r 60Jibrnoe 3Ha'leHrre TOMY cpaKTY, 'ITO B rpeqeCK0M TeKCTe CJIOBO f1eTp (:n:eTQOs) MY:IB:CKOfO pona, B TO BpeM5I KaK CJIOB0 «KaMeHb» (:n:eTQU) - :IB:eHCKOfO. IlprrHHMa5I BO BHHMaHHe 3T0 pa3JIH'IHe H TO, KaKHM o6pa30M «IleTp» H «KaMeHb» HCil0Jib3YIOTCH BO BceM TeKcTe, B03MO)KH0 paccMaTpHBaTb 3Ha'IeHHe HMeHH «IleTp» KaK «KycoK cKaJibttoro o6pa3oBaHrrH» B rrporrrBosec «caM0MY cKaJibHOMY o6pa30BaHHIO», Ha K0T0pOM ,ll,OJI:IB:Ha 6b1Jia rroKOHTbcH UepKoBb. OnHaKo, He3aBrrcHMo oT pa3JIH'IHbIX T0tJeK 3pemrn, cpaKT OCTaeTC5I cpaKTOM: XpHCTOC o6pamaJIC5I Henocpe)].CTBeHHO K IleTpy, Korna Ha3BaJI ero «KaMHeM», Ho IleTpa HeJib35I 6bIJIO 6b! C'IHTaTb ,ll,a)Ke «KYCK0M cKaJibl», Ha KOTOpOM 6yneT B03,ll,BHrHyTa UepKOBb, ecJIH 6bI OH JIHtJHO He IlO,ll,TBep,ll,HJI CBOIO Bepy B 6o)KeCTBeHHOCTb XprrcTa. MHe Ka:IB:eTC5I, 3TOT Bb!B0,ll, - O'leBH,ll,H85l HCTHHa, H KaK HCTHHa B03BbilllaeTC5I Ha)]. JII06bJM H3 rrpoUHTHpoBaHHbIX Bb!llle HCTOJIKOBaHHH.

O.r:r.ttaKo HaM cJie.z::r.yeT Bcer.z::r.a BH.U.eTb tterrocpe.r:r.-

CTBeHHYIO CB5l3b MeM.z::r.y pacrrpocTpaHem1eM CBH.z::r.eTeJibCTBa 0 XpHCTe H OK0HqaTeJibHOH rro6e.r:r.oi1 Ha.z::r.

MHpOM. O.z::r.ttoro HeT 6es .z::r.pyroro. Coe.r:r.HHeHHe 3THX .U.BYX MOllJ.HbIX cpaKTOpOB CHJIOIO Cmnoro ,LI.yxa - 3TO r JiaBHeHIIIHH MOMeHT B eBaHreJIH3aUHOHHOll CTpaTenm I1Hcyca.

C06JIIO,ll.EHHE nPHHUHnA

Bee B03BpamaeTC5l K Ero yqeHHKaM. OHH 6bI.TTH aaattrap.r:r.oM Ero rrocT05lHH0 tta6ttpa10mero c1wy .U.BHMeHH5l. «no CJIOBY HX» OH OMH)J.aJI, qTo .u.pyrne yaepyIOT B Hero (I-fa. 17: 20)' H 3TH yBepoBaBIIIHe B CB0IO oqepe.z::r.b 6y.z::r.yT rrepe.r:r.aBaTb CJIOBO .u.pyrnM, ITOKa B orrpe.r:r.eJieHH0e BpeM5l BeCb MHp He I103HaeT, KTO OH H qTo OH rrpttIIIeJI c.r:r.eJiaTb (I1H. 17:21,23).

Bc5l Ero eBaHreJinsaunoHHa5l CTpaTerH5l -caMo HCrroJIHeHHe Ero ueJIH rrpHIIIeCTBH5l B MHp, CMepTH Ha KpecTe H BOCKpeceHH5l H3 rpo6a - saBHCeJia OT BepHOCTH Ero ns6paHHbIX yqeHHKOB 3TOH sa.u.a qe. He

HMeJio 3HaqeHH5l, qTo rpyrrrra, c K0Topofr Bee HaqlfHaJiocb, 6bIJia T3K MaJia, - eCJIH OHa BOCI1pOH3B0)1.HJia H yqnJia CBOHX yqeHHKOB BOCrrpOH3B0)1.HTb. 3To 6bIJI rryTb, KOTopbIM Ero UepKOBb .r:r.oJIMHa 6bIJia no6e.z::r.HTb qepe3 ITOCB5lllJ.eHHbie Bory )KH3HH Tex, KT0 3HaJI CrraCHTeJI5l HaCTOJibKO xoporno, qTo Ero ,Uyx

BbIHYM.z::r.a.n nx rosopHTb o HeM .u.pyrnM. KaKHM 6bI rrpoCTbIM HH Kasa.ITCH 3T0T rrJiaH, 3TO 6bIJI ITYTb, KOT0pbIM EBaHreJIHIO rrpe.r:r.CT0HJI0 no6e.z::r.HTb. I1Horo nJiaHa y Hero He 6bIJIO.

UPOBEPKA BPEMEHEM

3To 6bIJia KpHTH4eCKa51, cepbe3Ha51 rrpoBepKa. TTpo,nOJI)KaT JIH yqem1KH Ero ,neJio, Kor,na OH y11,neT? I1m1, 4T0 eme 6oJiee Ba)KH0, CMoryT JIH 0HH ,nettCTBOBa Tb TaK )Ke xoporno H ycrreIIIH0 6e3 Ero K0HTpOJI51 BO IIJIOTH, KaK ,nettCTBOBaJIH rrpH HeM? 3TH B0IIpOCbl

M0ryT IIOKa3aTbC51 H3JIHIIIHHMH, HO cpaKTH4eCKH, IIOKa HX ,nyxOBHOe BOCIIHTaHHe He )].OCTHrJIO 3TOro MOMeHTa, I1ttcyc C 4HCTO qeJIOBe4eCK011 T04KH 3peHH51 HHKaK He MOr 6bITb yBepeH, 4TO Ero BKJia,n B HX )KH3HH oKyrrttT ce651 JJ.JI51UapcTBa. EcJIH 6b1 OHH He CMorJIH rrepe,naTb Ero nyx H MeTO,n ,npyrttM, KOTOpbie B CB0IO oqepe,nb rrpo,nOJI)KHJIH 6bI 3TO ,neJIO, Tor,na Ero ycHJIH51 3THX JieT CKOpo COIIIJIH 6bI Ha HeT. Hey,nHBHTeJibHO, 4TO I1ttcyc TaK HaCTOl14HBO CTpeMHJIC51 BHYIIIHTb CBOHM yqeHHKaM Heo6xo,nHMOCTb Ii HeH36e)KHOCTb BOCIIpOH3Be,neHH51 Ero )KH3HH. I1JIJII:OCTpauHett 3T0rO 6bIJia rrpHT4a O JI03e H BeTB51X (I1H. 15: 1-17). B Hett, B 3TOH o,nHott H3 caMbIX rrpocTbIX H rJiy6oKttx aHaJiortttt, c,neJiaHHbIX focrro,noM, XpHCToc o6b51CHHJI, 4TO ueJib KaK JI03bl ( TO eCTb Ero Ca Moro), TaK H BeTBett (BepyIOIIJ.HX B Hero), - rrpttH0CHTb IIJIO)].. 11o3TOMY BC51Ka51 BeTBb, KOT0pa51 He rrpHH0CHT IIJIO,na, 0TCeKaeTC51 BHHOrpa,napeM -0Ha 6ecrroJie3Ha. EoJiee Toro, Te BeTBH, KOTopbre rrpo113BOJJ.51T IIJIO)]., 04HIIJ.aIOTC51 BHHOrpa,napeM, qTQ6bI OHH MOrJIH rrpHH0CHTb erue 60Jibllie IIJIO,na ( 11H. 15: 2). 5IcHO, 4T0 )KHBOTB0pm11.a51 CHJia JI03bl He )].OJI)KHa rpaTHTbC51 Ha 6e3)KH3HeHHbie BeTBH. BC51Ka51 BeTBb Ha JI03e )].0Jl)KHa rrpOH3B0)].HTb IIJIO)l, qro6bI coxpaHHTb CBOe I-ICTHHHOe Ha3Ha qeHHe H CYIIJ.HOCTb. 11Hcyc rrpHMeHHJI 3T0 K CBOHM yqemIKaM. TaK KaK OHH 6bIl 12

JIH npl:11-IaCTHbl K Ero 2KH3HH, 0HH A0JDKHbl 6blJIH npHH0CHTb Ero IlJI0A (I1H. 15:5, 8), 11, 6oJiee Toro, HX IlJI0A ,LI.0JI2KeH 6hIJI npe6hIBaTb (I1H. 15: 16).* Bec-

ITJIO)I.HblH xpHCTHaHHH - 3T0 HOHCeHC. ,UepeBO II03HaeTCH II0 CB0eMy IIJIOAY.

3TOT rrpHHUHII BH0Bb 11 BH0Bh rro.n.qepKHBaJICH B npouecce Ero cJiy2Kemrn. 3m paccMaTpHBaJiocb KaK o6R3aTeJihHaH, HerrpeMeHHaH Harpa.n.a 3a Ero 2KepTBY pa.LI.H 3Toro MHpa (HH. 12: 24; cp. 17: 19). 3TO 6bIJI0 )I.eJI0M, 0TJIHqaIOIUHM Tex, KT0 HCil0JIHHJI B0JIIO Ero He6eCHoro OTua (M<p. 7: 16-23; JlK. 6:43-45).

3To HCT0JIK0BbIBaJI0Cb KaK IlJiaTa, )I.aBaeMaH Ero yqeHHKaM 3a HX TPYA npH c6ope ypo2KaH (I1H. 4: 3638). I1MeHHO 3TO HMeJI0Cb B BHJI.Y, Kor.n.a roaopHJI0Cb, qTo He npHH0CHT IlJI0JI. Te, B K0M «3a6oTbl BeKa cero, o6oJibIUeHHe 6oraTCTBOM 11 .LI.pyrHe no2KeJiaHHH» 3ar Jiyrna10T CJioBo Bo2Kbe, Haca2KJI.eHHoe B HX cep.n.uax (MK. 4: 18-20; M<p. 13: 22, 23; JlK. 18: 14, 15). l1MeHHO 3T0 0TCYTCTB0BaJI0 B 2Kl13Hl1 Ca.LI.JI.yKeeB 11 <papu:ceeB, K0T0pbie 6bIJIH TaK rropoqHbl B Ero rna3ax (M<p. 3:7, 8; 12:33, 34; JlK. 13:6-9). Pa3JIHqHhIM o6pa3oM I1IIcyc npH3hIBaJI acex JIIOJI.ett ouemnh IIJI0A HX 2KH3HH. ,UJIH HHX 3T0 6bIJIO 0TKp0BeHHeM 0 HHX caMHX. <l>aKTHqeCKH Be3)I.e, r.n.e npHHOllieHHe IIJIO,LI.a paCCMaTpHBaeTCH B 6oJiee llIHp0KOM K0HTeKCTe B0CnpOH3Be)I.eHIUI )Klf3HH XpHCTa B JilfqHQCTH qeJIOBeKa, - CHa11aJia B ce6e, 3aTeM B .LI.pyrHx, - TaM Beer.LI.a

Yqu:TeJib roBOpHT I1 yKa3bIBaeT Ha 3TOT rrpHHUHil.

* l1HTepecHo, 1ITO BO BCeM OTpbIBKe BC5IKHH pa3 KOfJJ.a roBOpHTC5I O np1rneceHHH TIJIOJJ.a, 3TO CJIOBO ynoTpe6JI5IeTC5I B HaCT05Illl.eM apeMer-rn, qTo B rpeqecKOM TeKcTe 03HaqaeT npo,uoJI2Ka10mn11c5I npou,ecc - HeqTO, qTo npo,uoJI.>KaeT BOCTipOH3B0,lI.HTbC5I.

8 3aK. 950 113

BEJIHKOE nopyqEHME

Bemmoe rropyqemie, AaHH0e XpHCTOM Ero UepKBH, cyMMHp0BaJIO 3TOT rrpHHUHII B ITOBeJieHHH C,LI.eJiaTb yqeHHKaMH BC5IKYIO TBapb * (Mcp. 28: 19). 3TO yKa3bIBaeT Ha TO, qTo yqeHHKH AOJI)KHbI 6bIJIH II.LI.TH B MHp II rrpHo6peTaTb Apyrnx, KOTOpbie CTaHOBHJIHCb 661 TaKHMH )Ke, KaK H OHH caMH, - yqeHHKaMH XpHCTa. O6paTHTe BHHMam1e, qTo B rpeqeCKOM TeKCTe CJIOBa «HATH», «KpeCTHTb» II «yqHTb» -Bee 5IBJIHIOTC5I AeerrpHqaCTH5IMH, corrpOBO)KAaIOIIJ.HMH OAHH ocHOBHOH rJiaroJI - «AeJiaTb yqeHHKaMH».** 3To 3HaqifT, qTo BeJIHKOe rropyqeHHe COCTOHT He rrpocTO B TOM, qT06bI HATH AO KpaeB 3eMJIH, rrponoBeAy5I EBaHreJIHe (MK. 16: 15), II He rrp0CTO B TOM, qTQ6bI KpeCTHTb onpeAeJieHHOe qifCJI0 o6pameHHbIX BO HM51 TpHeAHHoro Bora mm yqHTb HX 3anoBeA5IM XpHcra, HO «AeJiaTb yqeHHKaMH» - C03AaBaTb H3 HHX TIO,LI.06HbIX ce6e JIIOAeH, KOT0pbie 6yAyT CT0Jib saxBaqeHbl )KeJiaHHeM HCTI0JIHHTb rropyqemie XpHCTa, qTQ He

TOJibK0 ITOCJieAyIOT caMH, HO II Apyrnx HanpaB5IT no Ero rryTH. TOJibKO K0rAa 6yAyT IT0AfOTOBJieHbI yqeHHKH, JII06oe Apyroe AeHCTBHe, yKa3aHH0e B nopyqeHHH, M0)KeT AOCTHqb CBOeH ueJIH.

flOTPE6HOCTb B «,D.EJIATEJ151X»

11Hcyc npHAaBaJI oco6oe 3Ha qeHHe pyKoBOACTBy. OH y)Ke rroKa3aJI Ha rrprIMepe CBoero co6cTBeHHoro

* TaK y aBTopa. B pyccKOM nepeBOAe 3TO MeCTo 3BYtJHT TaK: «11,n,ttTe, HayIIHTe Bee Hapo,n,bI». ABTOP ccbrJiaeTcH Ha 0,ll.HH 113 HOBeHWHX nepeB0AOB Ett6JIHH (npHM. nepeB.).

** To ecTb no-pyccKH 3TO 3B yIIaJio 6br TaK ( cp. Mcp. 28: 19): «I1TaK, c,n,eJiaHTe yIIeHHKaMH BCHKYIO TB3pb, H,ll.5! H Kpecrn HX so HMH On1,a H Cbrna 11 CBHToro )lyxa, yqa nx co6JIIOAaTb Bee ... » (npttM. nepeB.).

CJiy)KeHH51, qro o6MaHyThie MaCCbl 6bIJIH roTOBhl K )Kame, HO KaK M02KHO 6bIJIO rrp1106pecr11 HX 6e3 JJ,.Y· XOBHhlX rraCTbipett, KOTOpbie 6hI HX ITOBeJm? «I1raK, MOJI11re r ocrro,LI.HHa 2KarBhI, - HarroMHHaJI I111cyc CBoHM yqeHHKaM, - qro6hI BbICJiaJI ,LI.eJiareJieH Ha )KarBY CBOIO» (Mcp. 9: 38; cp. JlK. 10: 2). B .3THX cJio·

Bax 3Byq11r KaKa5I-rO rroqr11 orqa5JHHa5I Hora, Bhl3BaHHa5I omymem1eM BeJI11qai1wei1 HY2K,LI.hI MHpa B ,LI.eJiareJI5IX, KOrOpble IT03a6or11JII1Cb 6hI O ,LI.ywax JIIO,LI.ett. Her rrOJih3hI MOJIHrbC5I o MHpe. KaKott B .3TOM roJIK? 6or y2Ke JII06Hr JIIO,LI.ett MHpa 11 or,LI.aJI CBoero Cbrna, qro6hI crracrH HX. Her CMblCJia a6crpaKrHO MOJIHrbC5I 3a MHp. M11p rrorn6aer 11 ocJierrJieH rpexoM. E,LI.HHcrBeHHa.H Ha,LI.e2K,LI.a ,ll.Jl.51 MHpa - .3ro JllO,ll.H, KOrOpbie rrpHlllJIH 6bI K HeMy C EBaHreJIHeM crraceHII.51, rrp1106peJIH 6hI JIIO,LI.efl MHpa ,LI.JI.51CrraCHreJI.H 11 He ocraBHJIH 6bI HX, HO rpy,LI.HJIHCb 6bI Ha,LI. HHMH BepHo, reprreJIHBO, crapareJibHO ,LI.O rex rrop, rroKa re He craJIH 6bI xp11crHaHaMH, rrpHHOC5Illl.HMI1 ITJIO,ll., crra-

CaIOlll.HMI1 OKpy2KaIOlll.HX JII060Bbl0 l1cKyrr11reJI.H.

flPHMEHEHHE flPHHU.HflA 8 HAIJJEA )1(113HH

I1MeHHO B .3rOM BOrrpoce Mbl BCe ,ll.OJ12KHbl ,LI.arh ou.eHKY BKJia,LI.y, KOrOpblH ,LI.eJiaerC5I Harnett 2Kl13Hbl0 H CBH,LI.ereJibCrBOM B ,ll.OCrH2KeHHe BblCllleH I.I,eJm Toro, Kro 5IBJI5IerC.H CrraCHreJieM MHpa. Be,uyr JIH cero,LI.HH ,LI.pyrnx K Xp11cry re, KrO ITOCJie,LI.OBaJI 3a HaMH, Ii yqar JIH HX rrpHo6perarb ,LI.pyr11x yqeHHKOB? TToMHHre, qro He,LI.ocraroqHo crracrH norH6a10mero, xor.H .3ro H ITOBeJieHHe; He,uocrarO4HO B3pacrHrb HOBOpO2K,UeHHblX MJia,LI.eHu.eB B Bepe XpHCrOBOH, xorR H 3rO ro2Ke Heo6XO,UHMO, qro6bI I1051B11JIC51 rrepBbIH IIJIO,U; He,LI.O8* 115

CTaTO4HO .n.a:me npoCTO on1paBHTb HX B MHp rrpHo6peTaTb .n.yum, KaK 6bI )l.OCTOHHO 3TO .n.eJIO HlI 6bIJIO. 1-lTo .n.e:iiCTBHTeJibHO Ba:>KHO H npmmMaeTC51 B pacqer

B OKOH4aTeJibHOll oueHKe npO4HOCTH H )l.OJlfOBe4HOCTH

Ramero Tpy.n.a - 3TO BepHOCTb, C KOTopott HamH 06pa:w.eHHbie H)l.YT H .n.eJiaIOT JIH,ll.epaMH CBOHX o6pa:w.eHHbIX, - JIH,ll.epaMII, a He npOCTO oqepe,ll.HbIMH noCJie)l.OBaTeJIHMH. KoHe4HO, Mb! XOTHM np1106pecrn CBOe TIOKOJieHHe )l.Jl51 XpHCTa, H C)l.eJiaTb 3TO ceflqac :me, HO 3TOro He)l.OCTaT04HO. Hama pa60Ta He MO:>KeT C4HTaTbC51 OKOH4eHHOH, IlOKa He 6y.n.eT rapaHTHH ee rrpO,ll.OJI:>KeHH51 B 2KH3H5IX HCKyrrJieHHbIX EBaHreJIHeM. flpoBepKa BCHKOro Tpy.n.a B .n.eJie eBaHreJIH3aUHM COCTOHT, TaKHM o6pa30M, He B TOM, 4TO 04eBH,LI.HO B .n.aHHblll MOMeHT, H He B OT4eTe Ha KOH<pepeHI..J,HM, HO B 3<p<peKTlIBHOCTH, C KaKOll 3TO .n.eJio rrpO,ll.OJI:>KaeTC51 B CJie)l.yIOIII.eM IIOKOJieHHH. T04HO TaK:>Ke H KpHTepHft, KOTopbIM UepKOBb .n.oJI:>KHa H3MepHTh CBOH ycrrex, - 3TO He TO, CKOJlbKO HOBblX HMeH rrpH6aBHJIOCb B CITHCKe 4JieHOB HJIH HaCKOJibKO yBeJIH4HJIC5:l 6IO)l.:>KeT, a CKOpee TO, CKOJibKO xpHCTHaH aKTHBHO rrp1106peTaIOT .n.ymH H yqaT HX rrpHo6peTaTb .n.pyrnx. HMeeT 3Ha 4eHHe HMeHHO OKOH4aTeJibHa51 CTerreHb pacrrpocTpaHeHH51 Ramero CBH,ll.eTeJibCTBa, H Il03TOMY HCTHHHbie ueHHOCTH MoryT 6bITb H3MepeHbl TOJibKO Be4HOCTblO.

He BpeMH JIH BCeM HaM rrepeCMOTpeTb CBOIO :>KH3Hh H cJiy:meHHe B 3TOM rrJiaHe? KaK roBopHJI ,UoycoH TpOTMaH: «f .n.e HamH JIIO)l.H? 4TO OHH ,LI.eJiaIOT )l.JIH Bora?» TTo.n.yMaftTe, 4TO 661 3Ha 4IIJIO ,LI.JI5:l 6y.n.y:w.ero UepKBH, eCJIH 661 y Hae ceftqac 6hIJIO XOTH 6bl no O,ll.HOMY HCTHHHOMY yqemmy B IlO)l.TBep:>K,ll.eI-rne Ham11x Tpy.n.oB. PasBe 3TO He Y.ll.BOHJIO 6hI

cpa3y }Ke HaIIIe BJIII51HIIe? A rrpe)]JIOJIO}KIITe, tJTO MhI

BOCilIITaJIII Ohl eIII,e o,nHoro, rro,nooHoro HaM, CTOJlh }Ke ycrreIIIHOrO, ,KaK rrepBhIH. qHCTO TeopeTIItJeCKH, YMHO}Ka51 Paille CJiy}KeHIIe TaKIIM oopa30M, Mhl CKOpo nocrnrJIII Ohl rrporroBe,nhIO EBaHreJIH51 caMhIX nmpoKIIX Mace, KOHel.JHO, B TOM CJiyqae, eCJIII qeJioBeK, KOToporo Mhl Ha3hIBaeM yqeHIIKOM, HCTHHHO H,neT no cTonaM YtJIITemI.

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Andrews, Samuel J., The life of our Lord, reprint of 1891 ed. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1954.

Barclay, William, The Master's Men (London: SCM Press, 1959).

Brown, Charles R., The Twelve (New York: Harper, 1926).

Calkins, Raymond, How Jesus Dealt with Man (Nashville: Abingdon-Cokesbury Press, 1942).

Campbell Morgan, G., The Great Physician (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1937).

Chalmers, Allan Knight, As He Passed By (New York: The Abingdon Press, 1939).

Cooper, R. W., Modern Evangelism (New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1929).

Davis, Ozora, Meeting the Master (New York: The Association Press, 1917).

Edersheim, Alfred, The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, 2 vols (New York: E. R. Herrick & Co., 1886).

Hay, Alexander Rattray, The New Testament Order for Church and Missionary (Audubon, N. J.: New Testament Missionary Union, 194'7).

LaSor, William Sanford, Great Personalities of the New Testament (Westwood, N. J.: Fleming H. Revell, 1961).

Lange, J. P., The Life of the Lord Jesus Christ, 4 vols., reprint (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1958).

Mackay, W. Mackintosh, The Men Whom Jesus Made (New York: George H. Doran Co., 1924).

Matheson, George, The Representative Men of the New Testament (New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1916).

Mcfatridge, F. V., The Personal Evangelism of Jesus (Grand Rapids; Zondervan, 1939).

133

Morton, T. Ralph, The Twelve Together (Glasgow: The Iona Community, 1956).

Palmer, F. Noel, Christ's Way with People (London: Marshall, Morgan & Scott, Ltd., 1943).

Price, J. M., Jesus the Teacher (Nashville: Convention Press, 1954).

Purdy, Alexander C., Jesus' Way with People (New York: The Womans Press, 1926).

Richardson, Norman E., The Crist of the Class Room (New York: Macmillan, 1931), pp. 121-182.

Robertson, A. T., Epochs in the Life of Jesus (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1921).

Scarborough, L. R., How Jesus Won Men (New York: George H. Doran Co., 1926).

Schell, Edwin A., Traits of the Twelve (Cincinnati: Jennings and Graham, 1911).

Sligh, John Calhoun, Christ's Way of Winning Souls (Nashville: Publishing House of the M. E. Church, South, 1909).

Smith, Asbury, The Twelve Christ Chose (New York: Harper, 1958).

Smith, David, The Days of His Flesh (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1905).

Smith, John, The Magnetism of Christ (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1904).

Squires, Walter Albeon, The Pedagogy of Jesus (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1927), pp. 67-168.

Stokes, Mack, The Evangelism of Jesus (Nashville: Metodist Evangelistic Materials, 1960).

Trumbull, Charles G., Taking Men Alive (New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1927), Chapter 9.

Ward, J. W. G., The Master and the Twelve (New York: George H. Doran Co., 1924).

Wareing, Earnest Clyde, The Evangelism of Jesus (New York: The Abingdon Press, 1918).

Whitesell, Faris D., Basic New Testament Evangelism (Grand Rapids; Zondervan, 1949).

Whitmer, S. A., Galulean Fisherman (Berne, Indiana: Life and Hope Publications, 1940), Chapter 10.

Witherspoon, Francis, The Glorious Company (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1928).

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ISBN 5-88869-008-2 (PYC.) ISBN 971-511-071-1 (AHrJl.)

About First Fruits Press

Under the auspices of B. L. Fisher Library, First Fruits Press is an online publishing arm of Asbury eological Seminary. e goal is to make academic material freely available to scholars worldwide, and to share rare and valuable resources that would not otherwise be available for research. First Fruits publishes in ve distinct areas: heritage materials, academic books, papers, books, and journals.

In the Journals section, back issues of The Asbury Journal will be digitized and so made available to a global audience. At the same time, we are excited to be working with several faculty members on developing professional, peer-reviewed, online journals that would be made freely available.

Much of this endeavor is made possible by the recent gift of the Kabis III scanner, one of the best available. The scanner can produce more than 2,900 pages an hour and features a special book cradle that is speci cally designed to protect rare and fragile materials. The materials it produces will be available in ebook format, easy to download and search.

First Fruits Press will enable the library to share scholarly resources throughout the world, provide faculty with a platform to share their own work and engage scholars without the di culties often encountered by print publishing. All the material will be freely available for online users, while those who wish to purchase a print copy for their libraries will be able to do so. First Fruits Press is just one way the B. L. Fisher Library is ful lling the global vision of Asbury Theological Seminary to spread scriptural holiness throughout the world.