The Record Newspaper 18 February 1943

"Taste Tells"

CommuniststoOpenSchoolforRevolution

*PhilosophyofViolenceand AtheismtobePropagated WarProvidestheIdealRevolutionary SituationPOr ottnentingCivil'War

Aschoolforthetrainingofyoung Communistsinmethodsfortheviolent overthrowoftheStateandforthe propagandaofatheismistobeopened inMelbourne.

AtameetingheldatthePrincess Theatrerecentlytocommemoratethe nineteenthanniversaryofthedeathof Lenin,theCommunistleader,anappealwasmadebythechairmanfor subscriptionstoafundtoestablisha LeninMemorialSchooltopromulgate MarxistsLeninistphilosophy.."Age,- 26/1/13.)

Theobjectiveoftheschool,thereportadded,istocoachCommunist cadresasorganisersforthemovement. Itisintendedtoobtainasiteforthe buildingnearMelbourne.

ThoughCommunistsintheirwritings andspeechesare,atthepresentstage, discreetlyreticentwhenaskedwhether theystillstandbytheviolentlyrevolutionarydoctrineofLeninandhisinsistenceontheinculcationofatheism, violentrevolutionandthepropaganda ofatheismareemphasisedclearlyin histeachingastheveryA.B.C.ofthe Communistprogramme.

Wewelcome,allthesame,theup-todatedeclarationbyCommuniststhat theyaimto"promulgateMarxist-Leninistphilosophy."Thishonestyis helpful.

"ThephilosophyoftheCommunist Party,"saidtheCommunistpublication,the"Workers'Weekly,"Sydney .20/12/38),"isthephilosophyofMarxism-Leninism-DialeticalMaterialism.It excludesanyinterferencebysupernaturalagencies.It,therefore,includesatheism."

War,teachesLenin,providestheideal revolutionarysituationwithoutwhich arevolutionisimpossible."Theobjectiverevolutionarysituationcreated bywar inevitablygivesrisetorevolutionarysentiments;ithardensand enlightensthebestandmostconscious proletarian.Asuddenchangeinthe

moodofthemassesbecomesnotonly possible,butmoreandmoreprobable.

Atanyrate,onlyworkinthisdirectiondeservesthenameofSocialist work.Thesloganthatgeneralisesand directsthiswork,andhelpstounite andconsolidatethosewhowishtoaid therevolutionarystruggleoftheproletariatagainstitsGovernmentandits bourgeoisie,isthesloganofcivilwar." ("WarandtheSecondInternational," pp.53-4.)

"TheproletarianrevolutionisimpossiblewithouttheforcibledestructionofthebourgeoisStatemachine." ("TheProletarianRevolution,"p.20.)

LeninquotesEngelswithapproval: "Revolutionisanactinwhichonesectionofthepopulationimposesitswill upontheotherbymeansofrifles,bayonetsandguns,allofwhichareexceedinglyauthoritarianimplements.And thevictoriouspartyisnecessarilycom-

THESHOPFORBETTERSERVICE.

Anygoodssenttocountrynotsatisfactorywepayfreight.

Ourmottois:"Wehaveit:wewill getit,oritcannotbehad."

Lenin'sFrankness ConcerningReligion

"ThephilosophicbasisofMarxismis dialeticmaterialism whichisabsolutelyatheisticanddefinitelyhostileto religion."(Ibid.p.16.)

"Marxismismaterialism.Assuch itisrelentlesslyopposedtoreligion Wemustcombatreligion-thatisthe A.B.C.ofallmaterialism,and,consequently,ofMarxism."

This,then,isthe"Marxist-Leninist philosophy"whichistobeinculcated inthetrainingschooltobeopened nearMelbournebytheCommunist Party.

TobeCelebratedThisYear.

pelledtomaintainitsrulebymeans ofthatfearwhichitsarmsinspire."

Astoreligion,Leninteaches:"Allreligiousideasareanunspeakableabomination."("LeninonReligion."p.50.)

"Ourprogrammenecessarilyincludes thepropagandaofatheism."(Ibid.p. 14.)

Ithasbeendecidedtocelebratethis yearthecentenaryofthefirstMasson recordashavingbeencelebratedin Brisbane.ThatwasbytheMostRev. ArchbishopPolding,wholandedin BrisbaneontheFeastofOurLady HelpofChristians,May24,1843,and onthefollowingSundayinatemporarychapeloffereduptheHolySacrificeoftheMassatwhichabout130 Catholicsassisted.FatherTherry wasthefirstpriestwhovisitedthe districtofMoretonBay,andthat onceonly.Thereisnorecordofthe dateofhisarrival,anditisscarcely likelythathewouldhavecelebrated MassintheBrisbaneofthosedays, whichwasonlyanincipientconvict settlement.Theexactdatesofthe centenarycelebrationswillbeam nouncedlater.

A'WestralianfreethinkerComparestheTope Withtheemperorofjapan!...

DoApostatesFromtheChurchShow ThatCatholicismisFalse? SomeNonsenseaboutMoses&Genesis

IndustrialCapitalisminthestrongest terms;ashehasalsocondemnedall formsofusury.Isittoomuchtoask youtoreadthePapalEncyclicalson s- Question.!Ifyouread themintelligently,youwilldiscover thatyourproposalsforreformare, bycomparison,aboutasradicaland farreachingastheobiterdictaofa mid-Victorianoldmaid.

havean systemthat "conditions"themindofachildto recognisethesupernaturalauthority inaPopeoranEmperor.

-"the results worldisnowexperiencingthe ofhisrepudiationofChristian teachingandideals."

B.T.,Wiluna,WesternAustralia.

WhenIcomparedthe"VicarofChrist" withthe"SonofHeaven"(i.e.,the EmperorofJapan)acertainpriest didnotappreciatemyeffort.

Therearepeoplewhorindithardto sufferfoolsgladly.

Thetheologymaybedifferent,butthe resultsarethesame.

Yourpreviousutterancesprovethat youarecapableneitherofunderstandingthetheology,norofcorrectlyestimatingitsbearingonpracticallife. Thereisnorealsimilaritywhatever betweenthe''theologies,"yourassertiontothecontrarynotwithstanding. Theyareacoupleofdeifiedcapitalists representingafinancialoligarchyof rentandintereststealers.

Hereyougiveutterancetoyetanotherofthosesillybutvenomousaccusationswhichcertainfreethinkers mistakeforargument.Evenifyou knownothingoftheCommandment, "Thoushaltnotbearfalsewitness," or,atleast,donotrecogniseit,you shouldhavesufficientelementaryeducationtoknowthatthePopeisnot acapitalistandnot,inanysenseof theterm,whatyoucall"deified."He hascondemnedthesocialinjusticeof

WhenyouequatethePopewiththe EmperorofJapan,yousimplyconfuse theissue.Moreaccurately,yousimplygiveexpressiontothewild,buzzing confusioninyourownmind.Your statementsuggeststhatthereisno solidhistoricalbasisforthePapal claimtobethelawfulsuccessorofSt. PeterandtherebytopossessthefullnessofauthorityintheChurchfoundedbyChrist,Youinsinuate,moreover,thatthereisnosolidhistorical basisfortheDivinityofChrist.You mayormaynotaccepttheevidence whichisavailable-evidencewhich maybestudiedinthehistoricalrecords oftheNewTestament,andwhichhas convincedgreatthinkersfromtheearly centuriestothepresentday.But whenyouimplythatthereisnoevidenceandthatthewholeaffairisa fraudperpetuatedby"education,"you merelydowhatyouhavealreadydone severaltimes:Youbetrayyourutter incompetencetodiscussthesubject andmakeafoolofyourself.

"BARKINGUPTHEWRONG TREE'.'

Iamkeentoknowhowyousalveyour conscienceonthismatterofunearnedincrements. Yourquestionwillbeinorderwhen youshowthatthereisanyneedfor meto"salve"myconscienceonthe matter.Youmustshow,notmerely thatabusesinrentandinterestare wrong,butthatallprivateappropriationofunearnedincrementiswrong inprinciple.Morethanthat,since youdonotaccepttheexistenceof God,theAuthorofmorallaw,you mustshowonwhatgroundsyoucan condemnanythingasbeingwrong,and whypeopleshouldbeinanywayobligedtoavoidwhatiswrong.

Whenyouhavedonethat,yourquestionwillbeworthyofseriousconsideration.Untilthenitcanwait. Isimplywanttoknowwhyyousupportalegalisedtheft.

Idonotsupportorcondoneany theftand,whatismoreimportant,the CatholicChurchdoesnotsupportor condoneanytheft,legalisedorotherwise.Yourcommonsenseshouldpre-

Richlieuworked,notsomuchforthe benefitoftheChurchasforthebenefit oftheFrenchMonarchy.

ventyoufrommakingsuchchargesbeforeinvestigatingboththeCatholic positionandthesolidityofyourown principles.

Iamnotabusingyou.Iammerely appealingtothebestthatisinyou. Catholicswillbegratefulforyour assurance:itisverytimely. AlsorememberthatIamnotacrim-

sonCommunistwhowouldforbid supernaturalism.

ThefactthatyouarenotaCommunistdoesnotmakewhatyouhave saidmorereasonable.Communists arenottheonlyoneswhosaysilly thingsandmakewildaccusations aboutpeopleandinstitutionstheydo notlike.

BesidesthosewhoaccepttheSupernaturalarenotaskingforcharitable tolerationfromyouoranyotherfreethinker.Theymerelyaskwhatthey haveeveryrighttoexpectfromreasonablemen,namely,thatthecasefor thesupernaturalbejudgedobjectively andonitsownmerits;thatitbenot rejectedwithoutrationalexamination becauseofone'semotionaldislikeofit. Wedonotaskforcharity;wedoask foralittlesanityandcommonsense.

Yourattitudeisreminiscentofthe FacultyofMedicineatLyonsin France,whichrefusedtoacceptthe Americanscientist,Dr.AlexisCarrel, asamemberbecausehedaredtoassertthathehadpersonallyobserved ass'sofsuddenandscientificallyunaccountablecuresoforganicdiseasesat Lourdes.

THEBROODOFJUDAS.

InVoltaireyourChurchrearedamost rebelliousson,whoseclevernesswas notused,likethatofRichelieuand MussolinitotheadvantageofChurch usurers.

Voltairedestroyedbuthecouldnot build.InattackingtheCatholic Churchhewasapastmasterinthat typeofargumentinwhichyouareso obviouslyanamateur-slanderand ridicule.Thoughhehadnotimefor atheism,hiswritingscontributedenormouslytothespreadofunbeliefin Franceandelsewhere.Manyofthe ecclesiasticsintheFranceofhistime werecorruptandthoroughlydeserved hiscondemnation.ButVoltairedid notdistinguishbetweengoodand bad.Hiswasapervertedgenius,devotedtodestruction.

Again,itiscommonknowledgethat Richelieuworked,notsomuchforthe benefitoftheChurchasforthebenefit oftheFrenchMonarch.AndMussolinihasnevergivenanyindicationthat heisgatheringwealthfortheCatholic Church.YouseemtobeaswellversedinHistoryasyouareinTheology.

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181RokebyRoad,Subiaco.

DnlyPrimeFreshKilledMeatSold. 'PhoneW1373.

Thecheapjibeabout"Church usurers,"Ipassoverasbeingunworthyoffurthercomment.

InHitleryouhaveanotherrebelson. Correct.Theworldisnowexperiencingtheresultsofhisrepudiationof Christianteachingandidealsandhis substitutionofracialpaganisminits place.

Thistooloffinancialhooligans,this freakofamanwithfewredeeming features,isnotgreatlyconcerned withtheologicalquibbles.

Yourdescriptionofhimasa"freak" with"fewredeemingfeatures"perhaps explainswhyheisnotinterestedin such"theologicalquibbles"astheTen Commandments,norinanythingwhich decentmenholddear.Heisalogicalfreethinkerwhohasreducedhis philosophytoaction.

SOME"REDEEMINGFEATURES."

LikeHenryVIII.,hecannotseewhy heshouldnottaketherenttollof theCatholicChurch.

Thatispresumablywhatyouwould regardasoneofhis"redeemingfeatures."Againyouassume:(a)that theChurchismerelyaprivatecorporationorsociety,(b)thattheprivate appropriationofrentiswronginprinciple,(c)thattheCatholicChurchderivesitsincomefromunearnedincrement.Whenyouhavejustifiedthere assumptions,youwillhavesomereasonablegroundsonwhichtochampion thedepredationsofHitlerandHenry VIII.

ItmaybeobservedherethatHenry VIII.,byconfiscatingthepropertyof theChurch-whichwasadmittedlythe patrimonyofthepoor-andhandingit overtotheprivatepossessionofpowerfulfamilies,didmuchtolaythe foundationsofthemodernmonopoly ofwealth,ofwhichyoucomplainso bitterly.

Hitlerhasnowchallengedthe world'smostpowerfulcapitalists: Jews,CatholicsandMasons,andhas, incidentally,providedarichliving forarmsmerchantsinvariouscountries.

Ifyoucannotbetieddowntoanythingresemblingfact,youshouldat leastendeavourtobeconsistent.If Hitleris,asyousay,the"tooloffinancialhooligans,"itisdifficulttounderstandhowhehaschallengedthem.

Ifhehas,moreover,providedarich livingforarmsmerchantsinvarious countries,andthushelpedthemost despicableofallcapitalisticgroups,it shouldbeobviousthathischallenge toCapitalismisratherhollowandunconvincing.

Again,youshouldknowenoughof Naziphilosophytorealisethatit standsforaparticularkindofTotalitarianState,whichowns,notonlythe spropertybutthelivesandsoulsofits citizens,sothatnoonemaymoveor eventhinkwithoutitsfiat.TheTotalitarianState,Nazi,,rCommunist,is

notachallengetoCapitalism.Itis simplytheworstformofCapitalism.

* * * * UTOPIAROUNDTHECORNER. Whenthecommonpeoplewhomake weaponsandploughsimprovein character, w andvotemoreintelligentlytheneshallhaveabettereconomicsystemandabetterchurch.

Livinginthe"rosydawn"ofthefutureisasoftjobforpeoplewhohave neverreallyfacedtherealitiesofthe present.Itwouldbeinterestingto knowhowyouwouldimprovethe characterofpeopleapartfromthe moralstandardsandidealsofChristianity.

AsforabetterChurch,vouknowso verylittleoftheChurchalreadyin existence,solittleofitsteachings,historyandFounder,thatitseemsrather presumptuoustospeakofa"better Church"tobefoundedinthenebulous futurebyequallynebulousfreethinkers. ChristisGodaswellasmanand,in consequence,youmayfinditalittle difficulttoimproveuponHishandiwork.HedeclaredthatHisChurch wouldlasttilltheendoftheworld, andHespokewithperfectknowledge ofthefuture.Healsospokeofthe "betterChurch"tobebuiltbypeoplelikeyourselfandH.G.Wellswhen Hedescribedthefateofthehousebuilt upondriftingsand:"Andtherainfell andthefloodscameandthewinds blew,andtheybeatuponthathouse, anditfell,andgreatwasthefall thereof."(Matt.vii.,26-27.)

Insteadofpraisingtothepointof lampooninganobscureGod,professionalmoralistswillsetouttoimprovethesocialsystemandexpose boththeethicalandmathematical absurdityofinterest.

Yourwishfulday-dreamsarenot lackinginhumaninterest,evenifthey arelackinginfoundationandreason. Itwillindeedbeadifferentworld whentheprofessionalmoralistsofthe future,havingabolishedtheTenCommandmentsandtheirAuthor,proclaim fromtheMacDonnellRangestheNew Lawof"BT.."Wiluna,WesternAustralia.Buttocomebacktorealities, Iwouldliketopointoutthatprofesmoralistshavealreadyendeavouredtofoundamoralitywithout God,andhavesucceededonlyinunderminingthefoundationsofallmorality.Itismerelypracticalcommon sensetoseetoitthatonehassome knowledgeofthepastbeforelaunching intofrothyspeculationsaboutthe future.

Iwonderhowmanymorerebellious sonsyourChurchwillproducebeforeartistsarepaintingpicturesof theruinsofSt.Paul's.

Youwouldbebetteremployedin learningsomethingoftheteachingand lawofChrist.astaughtbytheCatholicChurch,andendeavouringtolive uptoit.Totheextentthatyoudo that.Y(.11-'ifswillnothewasted.

WhoWroteGenesis?

S.T.H.,Rosebery,N.S.W.

AsyoudonotknowhowoldMoses waswhenhe"wrote"Genesis,will youtellme"how"he"wrote"it,as hedidn'thaveourfacilitiesforquick writing?

Whatyouneedisalittleinformation,astowhatisrequiredinorder toestablishtheauthenticityofa givenwork.

Inordertoestablishadocumentor abookasauthenticitisnecessaryand sufficienttoshowfromextrinsichistoricaltestimonyand/orfromevidence intrinsictotheworkitselfthatitwas reallywrittenbythemanwhosename itbearsortowhomitisgenerallyattributed.

Whetherornotanauthorpossessed ourfacilitiesfor"quick"writing,or whatagehewasatthetimehewrote areunimportantandsecondaryconsiderations-ifnotaltogetherirrelevant andfutile.

HadyoupaidamodicumofattentiontotheseplInts,youwouldnot haveaskedsuchasillyquestion. Withhislimitedmeansof"writing," howmanyyearsdidittakehimto "write"it?

Areyoutryingtoimplythat,becauseMosesdidnothaveafountain penoratypewriterorthebestquality paperthathecouldnothavebeenthe

authoroGenesis?Wouldyouconcludethathecouldnothavebeenthe authorofabookbecauseaconsiderabletimewouldhavebeennecessaryforthewritingofit?

* * MORESILLYQUESTIONS.

WheredidhekeephisMSS?

Anotherpointlessquestion!Where Moseskepthismanuscriptshasnothing whatevertodowiththequestionof theirauthenticity.

Letusapplyyourquestionstoanothercase:-

Itisgenerallyclaimedandconceded thatSt.Augustinewrotetheworkentitled"TheCityofGod."

Doyouthinkonecouldrefutethat claimbyaskingsuchquestionsas these:"Asyoudonotknowhowold Augustinewaswhenhewrote'The CityofGod'willyoutellmehowhe wroteit,ashedidn'thaveourfacilitiesforquickwriting?Withhislimitedmeansofwriting,howmanyyears didittakehimtowriteit?Where didhekeephisMSS.?"

Havesomesense!

Onewordmore:Ifyouimaginethat theartofwritingwasunknownat thetimeofMoses,itisyourimaginationwhichisatfault.

AsMOS446didsee"God's"backparts,

howisityouoverrideMoses'"infinitevriadoon?"

(1)YouwritethewordGodininvertedcommas.Theconditionsunderwhichyouareentitledtodothat wereexplainedrecently,butnoharm willbedonebyrepeatingthemhere: Youwillbeentitledtowritethrword Godininvertedcommas(a:when youhaverefutedthephilosophical proofsofGod'sexistence;(b)when youhaveshownthatnootherproofis possible;(c)whenyouhaveshownby positiveargumentthatthereisno God.Ifyouthinkyoucanestablish eventhefirstcondition,youarecordiallyinvitedtotry.Thefirstthing todowillbe,ofcourse,tostudythe proofs.

(2)Theexpressionbackpartswhen usedofaspiritualBeingisobviously metaphorical.Intakingitliterally, youareguiltyofalaughableblunder.

(3)Sincenooneinhisrightmind hasevenattributedinfinitewisdom toMoses,yourquestionismeaningless.Mosesclaimedtospeakinthe nameofGod:buthedidnotsayhe wasGod

THEOLDANDTHENEW TESTAMENT.

AsyouconsiderMoseshadsucha noblemoralcode,whydonotItalianCatholicpriestsfollowoutyour "God's''instructions,asgivento Moses,inthematterofkillinganimalsonaltars,sprinklingitsblood about,andburningtheentrailsalong withthepoints,theheadandthe feet,etc.?

IIWhydoyouspecifyItalianCatholicpriests?Areyousoignorant thatyouimaginetheCatholicChurch tobeanItalianinstitution?Letme informyouthatifalltheItaliansin theworldweretodieto-morrow,their deceasewouldmakenogreatdifferencetothemembershiptotalofthe CatholicChurch. Accordingtothelateststatistics,

Catholicsthroughouttheworldnumberapproximately398,000,000.Substractfromthattotalthepopulation ofItalyandallItalian-bornpeople throughouttheworld.Thatwillprovideyourmindwithalittleexercise and,possibly,showyouthefollyof thecheapgibeaboutItalianCatholic priests.

(2.Itseemsnecessarytoexplain toyoutheelementsoftheteaching whichyouattacksovehemently.Let usbeginwiththeABC-asonedoes withinfants.

Inthefirstplace,itisnecessaryto distinguishbetweentheMoralCode promulgatedbyMoses,andtheparticularformofritualworshiplaid downbythePentateuch.Itisnecessarytomakethatdistinctionbecause youconfusethetwo.

TheessentialmorallawoftheTen Commandmentsisunchangeable,and wasconfirmedandre-promulgatedby ChristOurLord.Theworshipofthe OldLaw,ontheotherhand,wassimplyapreparationfortheNewLaw whichwastobeinauguratedbyChrist OurLord;andatypeandfigureofit. ThesacrificesoftheOldLawwere typesandfiguresoftheSacrificeto come,theSacrificeofChrist,bywhich theworld'sRedemptionwasaccomplished.AndwhenChristofferedHis Sacrifice,typeandfiguregaveplace toreality.

ThatiswhyCatholicpriestsinItaly andeverywhereelseintheworlddo notfollowtheMosaicritual.

Suchisourposition,andtheproof ofthatpositiondependsononecentralpoint,namely,theDivinityof Christ.Ifyouwishtoattackour positionwithreferencetoworshipand therest,theonlyrationalandreasonablewaytodoitistorefutetheprincipleonwhichitisbased.Itcannot bedonetothesatisfactionofthinking peoplebycheapsneersbornofignorance-orsomethingevenlessexcusable,

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MANPOWER

fundamentalneedofwar

INAQUARTEROFACENTURYAUSTRALIA'SBIRTH-RATE HASFALLENALMOST10PERTHOUSAND

Lostbabiesrepresentninearmydivisions

Thereisasenseinwhichmanpowerismorenecessaryinwarthanitever was,becausethecomplexityofthestruggleneedsahigherefficiencyto directit.Althoughthebattlehasnotalwaysgonetothebiggestbat. talions,buttothebravest,thekeenestandthebestorganisations,yetthe fundamentalneedofwarismanpower.ThefollowingarticlebyEdward Hawkesinthe"WeeklyReview"pointsoutthatthesituationinAustraliais agoodexampleofthedifficultyinrelationtothepresentwar.

Wearebeingconstantlytoldthat thiswarisoneofmechanisation.In anageofmachineryitisnotstrange thatthisdescriptionshouldbeacceptedwithoutquestion.Inthelastwar LloydGeorgemadetheassertionthat thecountrywhichhadthemostmoney wouldwin,andhesaidthisrather boastfully.Itwouldperhapssound somewhatcrudetomakethatstatementatthepresentmoment.

Thedescriptionofthewarasmechanicalisahalftruth.Ifitishorriblytruethatthecountrythatproducesthegreatestnumberofweapons hasthebestchancetowin,itisalso truethatmenarenecessarytouse them.Moneycannotbuymachines ifthereisnoonetomakethem;and machinesdonotrunofthemselves.

Thereisasenseinwhichmanpower ismorenecessaryinwartimethanit everwas,becausethecomplexityof thestruggleneedsahigherefficiency todirectit.Althoughthebattlehas notalwaysgonetothebiggestbattalions,buttothebravest,thekeenest andthebestorganisation,yetthefundamentalneedofwarismanpower.

Whereisthemanpowercoming from'Thisisalreadyaproblemfor thebelligerents.Therewillcomea timewhenthelimitisreached;when therearejustsomanyworkersto equipjustsomanysoldiers.Wemay beabletoturnoutourtankslike automobilesbutmentaketwentyyears togrow,andskilledworkerstakestill longertoproduce.

ThecaseofAustraliaisagoodexampleofthedifficulty.Itisasking formen.ItwantsmenfromCanada andfromtheUnitedStates.Thereasonisevident.Hereyouhavea wholecontinentwhichhasonlyasmall population.

Itwasalwaysso.Whenitwasdiscovereditwasalmostuninhabited. Thefewthousandaboriginescould neverhaveprotectedthemselvesfrom aggressionifsomeneighbouringrace hadthoughtitworthitswhiletoattackthem.

Thattheswarmingpeopleofthe islandstothenorthdidnotthinkit wasprofitabletodosoissomewhat mysterious.Javahas30,000,000people;theotherDutchislandshave twiceasmanymore:India,Chinaand Japanarealsointhepicture.Yet duringthecenturiestherewasnomove-

menttowardsAustralia,fortheblack menofthegreatcontinentareasdistinctiveastheyarefew.

DecreaseinBirthRate.

WhitemenhavebeeninAustralia foroveronehundredyears.They havemadeitoneoftherichestcountries,relatively,intheworld,butthe populationisstillsmallandtheimmigrationofcolouredracesisprohibited. Surelythiswasafavouredspot,where thereisnoexcusefordisobedienceto thecommandoftheBible:"Increase andmultiplyandreplenishtheearth." Therewasplentytoeatandeverykind ofnaturalwealth.Indeed,thereis onlyonethingthatAustralianeeds. andthatismanpower.

Herearesomefigurestoshowthat thislackis,inagreatmeasure,dueto thefloutingofGod'slaws.During thetenyears,1921-32,fewermalechil. drenwerehornthaninthepreviousdecadetotheamazingnumberof180,000. In1914thebirthratewas17.44per thousand:in1938itwas7.83!

AtthemomentAustraliaisfacinga crisis.Thelostbabiesrepresentnine fullarmydivisions,ortwiceasmany soldiersasfoughtfortheircountryin thelastwar.Thetotalpopulationnow ishardly8,000,000.Thisisasmall figurewhenplacedbesidetheteeming millionsinthecountriestothenorth. Thecrisiswillnothesettledbyavictoryinthepresentwar.Thereisa vacuuminAustraliathatwilltempt aggressioninthefuture.

Therehasbeenforseveralgenerations acomfortablefeelingthatthewhite menhadarighttotheworkofthe vastmultitudesofcooliesofvarious races.Doubtlesstheconditionof theseraceswasimprovedinmany ways.Therewassomeconsciousness ofwhatwascalledthewhiteman'sburden.Thatthewhiteman'sburden mightbecomethewhiteman'speril wasnotthoughtof.

InevitableFinalResult.

Itisthoughtofnow.TheEasthas learnteverythingfromusbutthereligionthatweprofess.Itisbecoming educatedinourownwayofthinking anditwantstoshareinourprivileges.

But,aboveall,ithasmanpower. Thatisthepotentialitythatcannot hedenied.Itmaytakealongtime, butthefinalresultseemstobeinevitable.

PROPERTYMANAGEMENT

Over30years'experienceinproperty-managementandrentcollectionenableusto offeryouexpertserviceinthisdirection. Wealsohaveextensivelistsofprivate homesavailableforpurchaseinallsuburbs. Reasonabletermsarrangedifrequired. Wecanofferyouspecialisedserviceinall branchesofRealEstate.

DUDLEY&DWYERLIMITED SWORNVALUATORS. 98ST.GEORGE'STERRACE.

AustralianBishopStresses Need

forCo-operation

HowtheRochdalePioneers Conqueredinthe"Hungry Forties

1

SpiritoftheMovementHelpedby ChristianClergyofAllDenominations

"Inthiswarwearesometimespromisedaneworder,"saidtheBishopof Goulburn(MostRev.T.B.McGuire,D.D.),inanaddressbeforetheChamberofCommerce,Goulburn."Asnooneknowswhatthatmeans,veryfew arebotheringaboutit.Butitisgoodforthepeoplewhowillberesponsibleforthisnewordertoconsiderpossibilities.

"Thosepeople:'continuedtheBishop,"areyouandI.Isuggestthatwe shouldrealisesomethingaboutco-operation."

HisLordshipsaidthathewouldattempttosketchbrieflythehistoryof 0-operation,andtospeakofitsspirit. Manyknewagooddealaboutit.Still, noonehadyetspokenofittothat ChamberofCommerce.

Anyoneinterestedinthesocialquestionknewofthe"hungryforties."The leadersofstrikesoftenwereblacklistedandrefusedfurtheremployment.

In1843astrikeofweaverstookplace inanorthofEnglandtowncalled Rochdale.Theleadersofthestrike wereblacklistedwhenitfailed.These menwerethefoundersofthe"EquitableSocietyofRochdalePioneers." Theyowedalottotheideasof OwenandBritishChartism,andavoid. edtheirmistakes.Theywerepennilessandblacklistedasworkers.They producedaplantomakethemselves andothersmenofproperty.They drewuprules,whichhadmeantsuccesswhenfaithfullyfollowedanddisasterwhenabandoned.Theyspent oneyearcollecting£28capital,forall werepoor.Theystartedashopinan oldbasementinToad-laneonDecember21,1844.Itsstockconsistedof sugar,oatmeal,flour,butterandcandles.Itwasopenforbusinesstwo nightsoftheweekandthenafter manymonths,itopenedsixdaysofthe week.

Attheendofthefirstyear.themembershiphadgrownto74,andthecapitaltof180.Inthreeyearsthemembershiptotalled2,000familiesandthe capital£15,000.

RemarkableStatistics.

SimilarmovementstotheRochdale Pioneershadbeentried,notablythe UnionShopMovement,startedbya Dr.King.Itflourishedfrom1828and collapsedabout1835. Outofthe mistakesofRobertOwenandDr.King, theRochdalePioneersdrewlessons. Theydecidedthatthemassesofthe poorhadonemightypoweralltheir ownandunused.Itwasthepowerof theconsumer:theconsumerswhopaid inpenniesandshillingsforthenecessitiesoflife.In1872theaggregate membershipwas300,000families,the investedcapitalf3,000,000,theannual salesf10,000,000,netearnings£900,000. Theyprovidedthemselveswithretail shops,thenwholesale,thenfactories andfinallyplantationsinthetropics, shipping,bankingandinsurance.

ChristianCo-operation.

"Anysystemthatautomatically giveseveryonesomethinganddispenses withStateinterference,andlimits capitalistexploitation,makesforhumanwell-beingandsecurity,andthe soundnessofciviclife.Inevery Christiancountryco-operationhas beenverysuccessful,andtheChristian clergyofalldenominationshavebeen itsbestfriends,especiallyinhelping theworkoforganisingandeducating

BISHOPMcGUIRE.

thepeopleatfirst,Thenthepeople takeoverandgoodChristiansareat homeinco-operation.

"So,perhaps,byco-operationwill EnglandandherCommonwealthof Nationsyetconquertheworldand makeitasafeplacefordemocracy andworthyofitsheroes.

"Theonlyrealweaknessofcooperationisthesameweaknessasthat ofdemocracy.Ifmembersceaseto educatethemselvestoprogressbyright rules,ifitcomestobegovernedby cliquesinsteadofbythemultitude,if itisusedforotherendsthanits own itperishes.Humannature iscapableofgreatgoodandmuch evil,especiallybyneglect.

"Onelastpoint.Whydoindividual menuniteintosociety?Becausemen needeachothertohelpeachother.. Twomencandoathingbetterthan oneiftheyhelpeachother.Butif theyquarrelonekillstheother,and thenheisonlyone:orenslavesthe other,ortheyseparate.

IlEstrongrelationshipofphilosophytotheologyhasbeenbrought intoveryclearreliefbythehistory .oftheseparatedChurchessincetheReformation.Itwasnotonlytheology thatwasmutilatedatthetime,itwas notalonethedoctrineoffaithwithout, goodiet1,s,hutphilosophy,too,went bytheboard.Itwasreplacedbythoughtwithoutclearexpression,adistastefordefinition,asortoflatitude whichwassowideastocompletely missthemark.Thishasbeendis'hearteninglyattestedbytheProtestant distortionoftheword"tolerance."It shouldhavebeenevidentthatinthe realmofknowntruth,itwasnonsense totalkof"tolerating"error.Admittingthattwoandtwomakefour,one isnottolerantofthemanwhoclaims fiveasthetotal.Onemaybedisgusted,ordistressed,orsympatheticof hismentalcondition,butnottolerant ofhiserror.Itisnotbroad-mindednessthatacceptsthefactanditsconverse,truthandfalsehood,asthough theboundarylinewerenotdistinct. Suchanattitudeis,inallsimplicity, stupid.Suchacceptancepointsnot tobroad-mindednessbuttoweakmindedness.

Yetthisincredibleprocessofmentalstultificationhasbeenattheroot ofallProtestantslogansaboutonereligionbeingasgoodasanother,orthat Christianshaveacommongoal,buta diversityofmethodsinattainingit (evenwherethemethodshaveplainly 'checkmatedeachother).Thenatural outcomeofthisdreadfulphilosophic vaguenessinthoughtandspeechhas manifesteditsfruitsinthedemoralisingspiritofcompromise,which,more thananythingelse,markstheProtestantismofto-day.Ourseparatedbrethrenhavenotrealisedthattheword ."compromise"inamatterofprinciple ,i.e.,ofknowntruthisequivalentto theword"surrender."Itisnotcorn-

LossandGain

ACOINCIDENCEINDATES!

Recently,inthechapelofTyburn Convent,MasswasofferedattherequestofLordSempillforhisdaughter,JuneForbes-Sempill,whowas killedbyenemyactionwhileonduty inMay,1941,andinthanksgivingfor thebirthofanotherdaughter,Janet, ontheFeastoftheEnglishMartyrs

LORDSEMPILL.

justayearlaterandalmostatthe veryhourofthedeathofJune.Lord SempillservedattheMass,whichwas offeredbyMgr.Filmer,Masterofthe GuildofOurLadyofRansom.Among thefamilypresentwastheDowager LadySempill,whohadcometoLon,donforafewdaysfromScotland.

STURMERandSON (LateHallion's), BAKERS.

90JOHNSTREET,NORTH

FREMANTLE. (Tel.2739./ PrizeWinnersRoyalShow. DeliveriesThroughoutFremantle.

PatroniseOurAdvertisers.

promisethatimpelsthesoldierto throwdownhisbayonet,itistherecognitionofdefeat.EvenAnglicansthemselveswerestartledintoapartialrecognitionofthisbythatdecisionof theLambethConference,whichsanctioned(howevercautiously)thepracticeofbirth-control.Noristhisan isolatedexample.Theleadersofthe churcheshavefacedmanyproblems thathavearisenwithsilence,asortof diplomacythatwasperhapscalled compromise.Butitstruenamewas eversurrender,andwhatisworse,it hasfrequentlymeanttheacceptance ofdefeatbeforethebattlehadfairly begun.

Theseommentscouldbesutstantiatedatlengthbyconcreteexamples inthisverycity.Letonesoffice: An"advanced"Congregationalis.has

4y FRANCIS GILBERT

recentlyexpressedtheconvictionthat Christianityneeded"restating"toappealtothemodernmind.Bythis, however,hedidnotmerelyme-inthat theold,immutabletruthsoftheGospelshouldbeclothedinmodernlanguageanddisseminatedbymoderninventions.Hemeantthatthetruthsthemselvusshouldbedistortedandtoned downinordertomakeacompromise withthespiritofpaganism.Thus, hewouldnotmerelyhaveusalterthe wordingofthedoctrineoforiginalsin, hewouldhaveusdenyitandrelegate ittothescrap-heapof"oldnotions'. and"superstitions."Truly.original sinisan"oldnotion,"foreverytruth thatthetrueChurchteachesmustbe, ingermatleast,1943yearsold.This particular"notion,"however,isconsiderablyolder.Itisasoldasthe ageofmanontheearth,ifthescientistseversucceedindatingthatevent. Strangelyenough,itistheonedoctrine oftheChurchwhichneedsnoproof.It ispatenttoeverymanthatmankind isnotcomplete,thatthereissomething wrongwithman.Thedoctrineof man'sfallfromgraceandhislossof supernaturalsiftsistheonlyone whichreallyexplainshisinsufficiency. Thereally"oldnotion,"theworn-out theoryofmaterialisticevolution,did notexplain,nordiditattemptto.It onlytriedtoexplainawayandnowitselfisgone.Butoriginalsinremains.

Itwouldbeinterestingtoinquireof these"advanced"churchmenwhat meaningtheyattachtothestoryin Genesis,andyetmoretoChrist'sre demptiveSacrificeandallthePaulire theologyconcerningit.Itisquite absurdtobe"advanced"ifonecannotseethewayalongwhichoneisad vancing,particularlyifoneisattemptingtoadvanceaheadofthetruth.At

EFFECTSOFWAR.

Theeffectsofwaronhospitalsand charitableinstitutionsaretoreduce theircapacityforserviceandtoincreasethedemandsonthem.Youcan helpthroughtheCharitiesConsultations.Buyaticketto-dayintheNo. 143aCharitiesConsultation.Thefirst prizeisfl000

CHILDREFORMAT THEWRONGEND

ORIGINALAND UNORIGINAL

sometimesuchaonewillfind,by God'sgrace,thatinsteadofbeingten minutesinadvanceofthetruth,heis, asChestertonconfessedhewas,"some nineteenhundredyearsbehindit."One maywinthemodernspiritbythese tactics,butonedoesnotwinthemto Christianity.Nor,inalltruth,isthe denialoforiginalsinaveryoriginal heresy.Butthereisthisdifference. betweentheoldliesandtheoldtruth. TheoldliesspringupspasmodicallyAL intervalsliketheplague,butthetruth iseverthere--eternalandimmutable asGodHimself.

Theproblemofthesinsofminorsis onethatisexercisingthemindsofall atthemoment,andtheattentionthat isbeinggivenitisnonethelesswelcomebecauseithappenstobesome twentyyearsoverdue..Wenotewith interestthatwhereverthecausesof delinquencyarediscussedthereisalwaysamajoromission-theinfluence oftheStateschool.Itisnotinthe leastsurprisingtoCatholicsthatthe childwhoiseducatedwithnoreference toanultimatespiritualdestinyshould naturallytendtomakethemostofthe thingsofeartheventhoughtheyare notstrictlyhis.Thenaturalisticbasis ofmoralityistragicallyinadequate.It isofnouseexhortingtheyoung"to playthegame"iftheyarenottold whatisthegameandwhatarcthe rules,andwhatismoreimportant,givenasufficientreasonforkeepingthe rules.Afterall,ifitisaquestionof a"game,"thereisamplereasonto emphasisefunratherthanconcentration,andiftheremustberules,why notRafferty'srules?

Itappearstousthatmostmodern socialreformersstartatthewrongend. Onceaminorhasbecomeaconfirmed house-breaker,theyclamourforapay-

chulogicalclinic.Thewholebusiness wouldbeclarifiediftheywouldfollow thecourseofnatureandbegininthe home,thentheschool,thentheeconomicstructure.Itisnotthatwedo notrecognisetheneedofpsychological clinicssomuchaswedemandthe abolitionofflats,thesuppressionof birth-controlpropaganda,andtheeliminationofdivorce.Wewanthome life.Thatiswewanthomesandwe wantlifeandnotartificialsterilityin them.Thennext,wewantschools whereinchildrenareeducatedinthe lightoftheendforwhichtheywere created.Theymustbemadegood citizenswhilerealisingthattheyhave notherealastingcity.Finallysent outintotheworld,withsufficient motivesforbeingmoralandawill trainedtoobey,wewantasocial structurewhereinchildrencanlive andworkwiththedignityofhuman beings.Noonecanreasonablyexpectsupernaturalresultsinasubhumancivilisation.

HOMESWANTEDFORTROOPS ONLEAVE

Homesarestillwantedforsoldiers stationednearFremantle,atwhichto spendtheiroccasionaltwo-days'leave. Personswillingtoaccommodatethese soldiersarerequestedtosenddetails to"Billetting,"c/oBox2,P.O.,Fremantle.

RepatriationBenefits.

ThoseCatholicswhobecomeentitled tomedicalbenefitsthroughtheRepatriationDepartmentareadvisedthat theHibernianSocietyisabletomake thosebenefitsavailableandmaythereforebenominatedwhenapplicationis madetotheDepartment.

MembersonActiveService.

Arrangementshavebeenmadethat, whereverpossible,membersservingin someotherState,whomaybeinhospital,willbevisitedbymembersresidentinthatState.

Toenablethisarrangementtobe giveneffectto,itwillbenecessaryfor therelativesorfriendsofthesick orwoundedmembertofurnishthe GrandSecretary,Bro.Edwards,with sufficientinformationtoenablethe membertobelocatedinhospital.

IncreaseinMembership.

TheDistrictBoardispleasedatthe indicationsthatinsomebranchesthere isbeingdisplayedmarkedactivityin thisregard,anditisexpectedthat theeffortsoftheofficersandmembers willresultinaconsiderableinflowof newyoungmembers.Allbranches areurgedtoemulatethisgoodexample.

OurLadyHelpofChristians'Branch, EastVictoriaPark.

Themeetingsheldthisyeartodate havebeenfairlywellattended.At thelastmeetingonenewmemberwas initiated.Itwasdecidedtoform tabletennisandquoitsteams,soall membersinterestedshouldattendthe nextbranchmeeting.Thisconcerns theladymembersaswellasthemen. Lettershavebeenreceivedfromseveralmembersoverseasinformingusof thearrivaloftheirChristmasparcels sentthroughourFightingForcesComfortsFund.Itismostpleasingalso toknowofthekeeninterestthese membersaremaintaininginallthat concernsthebranch.ThenextmeetingisonTuesday,February23.

SubiacoYoung Men'sClub

LastMondaywehadavisitor,Pte. RoyRamage,fromNorthFitzroy C.Y.M.S.HethinkstheWest"th' goods,"andexpressedsurpriseatour largemembership.JackWalland RonMorrisweretherealso,andshowedtherestofusjusthowtoplay tabletennis.Theyhavelostnoneof theirexperttouch.

BestoflucktoJohnnyLyons,who isthelatesttoleaveusfortheAir Force.JackMcGuinnesshasgoneto Kalgoorlieforatwelve-months'break, andreportshaveitthathemetSgt.ObserverBillAlderman,whowason hiswayoverfromtheEast.

Thecricketteamcouldn'tquite managetowinlastweek,butarefull ofhopeforthegameagainstFremantleonSaturday.CaptainJoeHodge expectsaninning'svictory.

Don'tforgetthepicniconSunday, 21st.inst.Everyoneisgoing!The trainleavesat10.45a.m.Sobethere earlytomakesureofaseat.

NORTHAM.

E.0.TRESISE, M.P.S.,S.A.andW.A. MANUFACTURINGAND DISPENSINGCHEMIST. ForServiceandQuality. Tel61Northam.

CATHOLICTENNIS ASSOCIATION

liv"RON

CombinedTennisDay.

CtiSundayweek,February28,memberswillgathertogetheratRobertson Parktotakepartinthelong-awaited AssociationTennisDay.Twelvecourts havebeenbooked,andthesewillbe availablefrom1p.m.Everythingis nowinreadinessforthisreunionday, anditissincerelyhopedthatwewill beblessedwithrealsummerweather onthisoccasion.Allmembersand theirfriendsareinvitedtocomealong. Thechargeisveryreasonable,andthe conditionswillbethebest.Justa finalremindertoall.Thecourtsare inFitzgerald-street;catchNo.13,14, 15or16tram,alightatFitzgeraldstreet,andwalknorth.Bytheway, whataboutFremantleandMidland membersputtinginanappearancethis time?Wehaven'tseenanyofthem formonths!Don'tforget,thisisan Associationfunction,andtheexecutive wantstoseealltheclubsrepresented. Thereforeleteachandeveryonetry hisorherutmosttobewithusallat RobertsonParkonthe28th.

CouncilMeeting.

Theinitialcouncilmeetingofthenew seasontakesplaceinBactonHouseon Friday,February26.Itismostessentialthatallclubssendtheirdelegatestothismeeting,astheelection o'thevariouscommittees,etc.,areto beheld.

Tit-BitsofInterest.

Noticedasonwasbornrecentlyto Mrs.andMr.JackSeeber,twoformer Associationmembers.Mrs.Seeber (neeThereseRussell)wasanactive memberoftheHighgateClub,whilst Jackhasbeenoneofthemainstaysof theStaroftheSeaClub,Cottesloe,for someyearspast.Heartiestcongratulationsonthebirthofanothertennis champ.

ThesixteenthannualgeneralmeetingoftheW.A.C.L.T.A.takesplace to-morrow(Friday),February19.All membersareexpectedtoattendthe meeting.whichwillheheldinBacton Houseat8p.m.

St.Kevin'sClub.

LastSunday,severalmembersofthe LovejourneyedtoHighgatetotake partinasocialmatchwiththemembersofthelocalclub.Theafternoon despitetheunusualweatherconditions)provedmostenjoyable,andwe wouldliketotakethisopportunity ofthankingtheHighgateClubfor thehospitalityshowntoourmembers duringtheirvisit.Thesecondofthese delightfulafternoonswillbeheldat St.Kevin'sonSunday,March14,and allarelookingforwardtomeeting oneanotheragain.

ArallydaywillbeheldonSunday, March7,whennewmemberswillbe welcomedintotheclub.Adriveis nowunderwayfor"newies,"andanyoneinterestedisaskedtogetintouch withthepresident(Mr.JackWall)or thehon.secretary(Mr.RonMorris).

Theannualgeneralmeetingwilltake placeonSundayevening,March7,in St.Joseph'sHall,at8.30p.m.

JohnstonBros.

TheQualityButcher

Cormr

Catholic . illovernent

*HEADQUARTERSANDCLUB-ROOMS:

BankofN.S.W.Chambers,65St.George'sTerrace (nearSherwoodCourt)-Rooms:7-10FirstFloor

CALENDARofACTIVITIES

FEBRUARY

Monday,22:

Tuesday.23:

ArtsGuildPraesidium,6.30p.m.Room9. WarWorkPraesidium,6.15p.m.Room7. Choir,8p.m.Room9. DramaticGroup,8p.m.Room7.

DANCE,CECILBUILDINGS,SHERWOODCOURT.

GeneralPraesidium,6.30p.m.Room7. DancingClasses,8p.m.CathedralHall. DramaticGroup,7.30.m.Room7.

Wednesday,24:SewingClass,6-9.30p.m.Rooms7-9. HomeNursing,St.John'sAmbulance,7.30p.m.

Thursday,25:Mass,8a.m.;Expositionallday.Benediction,5.45p.m. Nurses'Praesidium,8p.m.Room7. OrchestraandSwingBand.8p.m.Room9.

Friday,26:LecturebyFatherLalor,8p.m.:"CatholicismintheModern World."Room9.

MARCH

Monday,1:ArtsGuildPraesidium,6.30p.m.Room9. WarWorkPraesidium,6.15p.m.Room7. Choir,8p.m.Room9. DramaticGroup,8p.m.Room7.

Tuesday,2:GeneralPraesidium,6.30p.m.Room7. DancingClasses,8pm.CathedralHall. DramaticGroup(VerseSpeakingandShakespeare), Room7.

8p.m.

"EATMOREMEAT,ORWE'LL

Wednesday,3:SewingClass,6--9.30p.m.Rooms7-9. HomeNursing,St.John'sAmbulance,7.30p.m.

Thursday.4:Mass,8a.m.Expositionallday.Benediction,5.45p.m. Nurses'Praesidium,8p.m.Room7. OrchestraandSwingBand,8p.m.Room9.

Friday,5:CANTEEN,PHYLLISDEANHALL.

CANTEENSERVICE

HOMENURSING Class

OnTuesdayevening,February23, abandagepracticewillbeheldatthe ClubRoomsforallgirlstakingthe HomeNursingExamination.Itis mostimportantthateverygirlshould attendthispracticeandavailthemselvesoftheopportunitytoreceiveany last-minuteassistanceinbandaging. Practicewillcommenceat7.30p.m. sharpinroom9.

WehavebeenaskedbytheCitizen'sReceptionCounciltoformanothergroupofladiestotakeoverbuf fetarrangementsduringtheday. Thisnecessitatesanotheryoungerset.. Asourmembershipislargeenoughto formtwogroups,wehavedecidedto doso,andonegroupwillgoonwith theLadies'BowlingAssociationand theotherwiththeC.W.O.Ladies.Until membersreceiveacircularnotifying themwhichgrouptheywillbein,they areaskedtoattendonalldatesgiven below:-

C.W.O.LADIES'GROUP.

Friday,March5:PhyllisDeanHall.

Monday,March15:TownHall.

LADIES'BOWLINGASSOCIATION GROUP.

Friday.March12TownHall.

CollegeBy1h

Telephone:172

THECOLLEGEISBEAUTIFULLYSITUATEDONTHEHIGHEST POSITIONINGERALDTON,WITHITSBRACINGCLIMATEAND OPENCONDITIONS,THECOLLEGEHASALLTHEGOOD EFFECTSOFASANATORIUMFORDELICATEBOYS. FORPARTICULARSAPPLYTO:THEPRINCIPAL, CHRISTIANBROTHERS'COLLEGE, P.O.BOX150,GERALDTON,W.A.

qthicotto imucA4

ArchbishopofNewYork ScourgesCorruptors ofYouth ReformObscured

by Smoke-Screenof Censorship NewYork,

Over3,000membersofthePolice Departmentassembledattheirannual memorialservicesatSt.Patrick'sCathedral,wereaddressedbyArchbishop Spellman,whodeliveredaringingcondemnationofthosewhowerecorruptingtheyouthofthecitywhiletheir fatherswereawayfightingfortheir country.

"Everyoneofus,"HisGracesaid,is proudofthefaircityofNewYork.If weareoutsidethecity,wecannoteven hearthenameofNewYorkwithout havingourpulsesbeatalittlefaster. Inmanyofmyvisitstothecampsof ourcountryandbeyondourshores,it wasanindescribablethrilltomeeta soldierorsailorfromNewYork.

"But,unfortunately,therearesome whowoulddragthenameofNewYork downtobesynonymouswiththecities ofSodomandGomorrah.OnlyrecentlyIhadtheexperienceoftalking withaman,anon-Catholic,aman whohasdevotedhislifetotheamusementfieldandisoneofthegreatmen inhisbusiness.

"Hetoldmethatfromsomeofthe theatresofNewYork,hehadbeenobligedtogetupandleaveinhorror andshameatsomeoftheperformances andatsomeoftheutterances.

"Andwhatisworse,hesaidthat whileheleftthereweregirlsof18and 19yearsofage,someofthemapparent. lywiththeirmothers,whowerenot shockedintoleavingthetheatre.This isthebarometricreadingofthedepravityofourtimes.

"Whatcanyoudoaboutit?Iam afraidyoucandonothing."

"WhatcanIdoaboutit?Iam afraidIcandonothing."

"WouldIdosomethingifIcould?

"WouldIsnatchpoisonfromachild ifhewereabouttodrinkit?

"WouldIsavesomebodyfroma burningfireifIcould?

"WouldIpreventmurderifIcould?

"WouldIpreventtreasonanddebaucheryifIcould?

"Wouldyou?Yes,youwould.

"Whatwouldhappenifwetriedto dosomethingaboutit?

"Wewouldbeaccusedofcensorship -accusedbypeoplehidingbehinda smoke-screenoftheirowndepravity, theirownlust,theirownsmugness, theirowntreason!

"Censorship-whichtheydefineas givingthemselvestherighttodrag soulsdowntohell,whilethefathers ofthosegirlsandthehusbandsof thosewomenarefightinganddying forfreedom.

"Arethosemotherstoblame?Of course,theyaretoblame.Mustthey losetheirdecencythemselves,dragging innocentvictimstoperditionwith them?

"Aretheseshowsmakingmoney? Ofcourse,theyaremakingmoney.

"Butifoneman,aleaderinhisprofessionofamusement,tellsmehewalks outoftheatresofthecityofNew Yorkinhorrorandshame,thenI thinkthatwhileyoucandonothing, wecancertainlypraytheLordthat despitethevenalviciousnessofthese purveyorsofimmoralitytherewillbe enoughrighteousmenandwomenin ourcitytosaveusnotalonefromthe nameofSodomandGomorrah,but alsofromtheirfate.

"Theremustbeenoughlaws,there mustbeenoughfearlessandrighteous enforcersofthoselawstosaveour cityandtosaveourcity'schildren.If therearenot,GodhelpusandGod helpourcountryGodhelpcivilisa' tion!"

PlainTalion O AVOAILV

"Guardiansofanation'smorals men transformedbeyondtheircrudities"

VirtueieCheapenedatOurPeril

VIRTUEinawoman isapearlsurpasingprice: anation'smoralvalue isthevalue thatitsetsuponitswomen.

* * * *

THEBEAUTYofaflower attractsthebee withhoneyedsweetness thatotherflowersmaybloom withinagarden Godmadeitso, andbeeandblossomboth fulfilthelaw, Butmenandmoresowomen freetodestroythelaw, forgetthepenaltyofnature fornon-reproduction isextinction.

THEHIGHERLIFEapartMostmenwillpaytheprice thatwomansetsuponherself. Formanyitis love,respect,fidelity, ahome,protection, andthecare oflittlechildren. Allthis,thoughpromised, isnotpaid,sometimes, bymenwhotalk ofwelshersonthecourse, ofscoundrels breakingbusinesscontracts, orofdebt-defaulters.

MENcanbebrutes: vetwomen,inthemain, areguardians ofanation'smorals.

To-day,intheirnewfreedom, theyflauntthemselves, oraresoflaunted, tosellasoap, acigarette,acar, abook,abeer,awhisky, orfillatheatre;

Booksandmagazinesforthetroops maybeleftat"TheRecord"Office, 460Hay-street.Perth,fordistribution bytheC.W.O.

St.Joachim'sHigh School, VICTORIAPARK.

worsestill,tosellthemseh(: tostrangers,toajob, toeaseandcomfort thatruleourmotherhood.

MENcallaman whounderbids thevalueoftheirlabour ascab. Whatisawoman whomakesthehigherprict demandedbyhersisters seemstupid?

Whenbeautyissosquanderer anation'sstrength issquandered,too: forbeautyisthekey tohappyhomes tomotherhood andmentransformed beyondtheircrudities.

*

CATHOLICSshouldknow theprivilegeofmotherhoc.c andseetheglory shinethroughallitscares: forMaryisaMother whomtheyknowastheirs. Itvetistrueforall ineverytribeandnation virtueinawoman isapearlsurpassingprice: tischeapened atourperil.

-(From"TheCatholicWorker

JOHNDENISEDWARDS, WinnerofCoombeScholarship. John,whois13yearsand10months, passedhisJuniorCertificateExaminationinSsubjects(English,History, Geography,Latin,MathsA,Biology, Drawing,CommercialMethodsand Bookkeeping.)

DEGAULLEWASATMASSAS NAZISMADEMOVE.

GeneraldeGaulle,leaderofthe FightingFrench,wasatMassinthe LondonOratoryastheGermantroops sweptintoUnoccupiedFrance.

TheGeneralandotherFighting FrenchleaderswereattendingtheRemembranceDayservice.

MembersofthePolishGovernment werealsoatMassatthePolishChurch, London.

Perth,Thursday,February18,1949.

cal lesinufs

AccordingtoareportironsMelbourne,Mr.Spender,M.H.R.,announcedtoaPleasantSundayAfternoon gatheringintheWesleyChurchthat "theChurchcanneverexerciseasufficientlypowerfulinfluenceuponthe massesofthepeopleunlessittakes anactiveinterestintheuplifting ofsocialconditions.-Withoutfora momentdoubtingMr.Spender'ssincerity,itmustberemarkedthatthis loosetypeoftalkingisoneofthemost hoarypoliticalchestnuts.Perhapsit wasinamoodofdisillusionfollowing uponhisrecentresignationfromthe U.A.P.,butinanycasesurelyMr. Spendermustrealisethatitdoesnot helptowardsclarityofthoughttobe accusing"theChurch"ofthisand that,pretendingtoaunityofChristendomwhichinpointoffactdoesnot exist.

* * * *

Itisveryfacilebutveryfalseto lumpalltheChristiandenominations togetherinoneamorphouslumpand tocallit"theChurch.'Wecannot answerforthesocialinterestofthe Wesleyansects,butinregardto CatholicChurch,Mr.Spender'sremarkshavenorelevancyatall.The Popescertainlycannotbethrownin with"theleadersofChristianthought whohavefailedintheirresponsibility toguidethespirituallifeofthepeople."Indeedtheyhavegiventheir peoplesucheffectiveguidancethatit hasbeenaconstantsourceofembarrassmentandirritationtothepoliticianswhohaveonlybeenconcerned withpreservingthestatusquo.

* * * *

Wecanatleastwholeheartedly agreewithMr.Spender'sdiagnosisof worldills,i.e.,that"thepeoplehave forgottenaboutGod:'Buttheculpabilityforthisignoranceisnotto belaidprimarilyatthedoorsofthe Christianchurches.MenhaveforgottenaboutGodforthemostpartbecausetheyhavebeensodesperately concernedaboutthelackof bread. Evilandoppressivesocialconditions breedapostacyandatheismmorereadilythananythingelse.Andtheexistenceofbadsocialconditionsisdue totheineptitudeandsometimesto the ofpoliticians.

* * * *

ItisnotthefunctionoftheChurch directlytoordertemporalaffairs. True,Shehasdoneitinthepastasin thebreak-upoftheRomanEmpire.becausetherewasnoneelsetodoit,and civilisationwouldhavebeenlostin chaos.Andanuncommonlyfinejob Shemadeofit.Butinthesedays whentheseparationofChurchand Stateisanaccepteddogma,andwhen secularismhasresentedeventheattempttodefineChristianity'sbearing onsociallife,itisoddtohearapoliticiantalkinginthebankruptstrain ,ofMr.Spender.

ConditionsFacingArmyinthe' IslandsBrinAHomeHeroic SacrificeofMissionaries

TheadventofwartotheSouth-West Pacifichasfocussedtheattentionof Catholicsgenerallyonthemissionary endeavouroftheChurchinthatarea, andthedisquietingnewsthathas reachedusfromtimetotimeduring thepastyearofthefateofsomeof themenandwomenwhomannedthese outpostsofChrist'sKingdomhashelpedtobringhometoourmindsthe magnitudeofthetaskonhandand theheroicself-sacrificeofthosewho haveundertakentheworkofpreachingtheGospelinthispartoftheVineyard.Whenwereadoftheenormousdifficultiesofclimateandterrain confrontingourfightingforcesinthese areas,andrememberthatthesesame difficultieshaveforyearsconfronted ourmissionaries,werealisewhata struggletheirshasbeen.TheresponsibilityfortheupkeepoftheseIsland MissionsdevolvesupontheSocietyfor thePropagationoftheFaithinAustralia,whichinturndependsuponthe CatholicsofAustraliaforthemeans wherebythisdutyisfulfilled.Itis encouragingtonotethatthroughout AustraliaCatholicsarerallyingtothe assistanceoftheMissionsingreater numbersyearbyyear.

TheDiocesanDirectorofthePontificalMissionAidSocieties(Rev.J.J. Rafferty)reportsthattheyear1942 hasbeenthemostsuccessfulsincethe establishmentoftheSocietiesinthe ArchdioceseofPerth.Contributions receivedshowedanincreaseof£714 4s6doverthepreviousyear,while membershipoftheSocietyforthe PropagationoftheFaithincreasedby 3,782 Splendidprogresshasbeen madeduringthepastfewyears,but therearestillvacanciesintheranks oftheSocietyforthePropagationof theFaith.TheSocietyneedsthecooperationandassistanceo)fevery Catholic.Unlessthatisforthcoming manyurgentappealsfromtheMission fieldswillhavetogounheeded.Are youamember?Ifnot,willyouthink aboutit?

HereunderisalistofParochialand Schoolcub.criptionsfor1942:-

CatholicsRallytoAssistMission AidSocieties-

LETTERS

(Lettersshouldbeasbriefaspos ribleand,evenwhereanom-de-plume isemployed,mustbearthewriter's nameandaddress,asatokenofbonafides.Nonoticewillbetakenof anonymouscorrespondence.)

CENTRALISATION.

Sir,-Ifindyourcorrespondent's-T. A.Dudley's-advocacyforasingle AustralianParliamentlamentable.We inthisStateshouldhavehadastomach-fullofCanberrabythistime,so muchsothataonlyafewyearsago wevotedtosecedefromtheFederationbyatwotoonemajority.Now, apparently,panickedbythewar,some cfusarereadytothrowawayourfew remaininglibertiesinfavourofSOWc idealisticandalmostsurelyfictional benefitswhichTheFutureistobring usonasilverplatter.Theneed.not onlyofW.A.,butofallAustralia,is decentralisationorregionalism,andno moreofthisinfernalcentralisation.Yours,etc.,

DIVIDEANT)RULE.

CASUALFAITH.

Sir,-Australiaistraditionallycasual, eversomuchcasual,ineveryaspect oflife.Fromsuchcasualnesshave beentransplantedtheseedsofmixed marriages,etc.Faithstillexiststodayinmanyahumblehome,asitdid inthecradleofBethlehem,yetfarremovedfromthosewhoregardReligion astheirvocation.ThelampofFaith maynotalwaysilluminatesoradiantly.Callitwhatyoumay,casualness hasbredapostasy,whenthecryhas goneunheededfrommanyaheart:"I waitedforyoubutyoudidnotcome." Faithcannotbemeasuredonthe checkbook-system.PerhapsIwaseducatedinamuchinferiorCatholic-atmosphere.-Yours,etc.,

MA-FOI

CATHOLICLIBRARY.

Sir,-Ihavereadeachweekinyour paperanoticeinconnectionwiththe CentralCatholicLibrary,whichIthink shouldclaimtheattentionandpatronageofeveryCatholicloverofbooks. Thelibraryranksasoneofthebest inPerth,atconsiderablylowratesto bothcityandcountrysubscribers. Thereispracticallynolimittothe choiceofbooks,particularlyinthe fictionsection.andeverysubjectone couldnameistreatedinaninteresting stylebyworldrenownedwriters.A juvenilesectionhasnowbeenadded, too.Wehearalotoftalknowadays abouta"neworder."Whynotsee thatitisaChristianOrder,withwholesomereadingforyoungandoldalike asoneofthefirststepstowardsthat end?-Yours,etc., CHRISTIANORDERENTHUSIAST.

CONSCRIPTIONAGAIN.

Sir,-InreplytoCommonSense, whoincidentallyshouldnotwritealetterthatheisashamedtosignhis nameto,itispassingstrangetohear himandothersyelloutforconscriptionforoverseas(nomentionof wealth),whileatthesametimethe leadersoftheAlliedNationshavean, nouncedtotheworldthattheywill concentrateonthedefeatofHitler first,andthewarinthePacificwill remainforthetimebeingonthedefensive.

Mr.CurtinandhisMinistersmade thedecisiontolimittheareainthe S.W.Pacific,(1),afterconsultation withtheCommander-in-Chief,General MacArthur;(2),afterconsultingthe workersofAustraliathroughtheir freelychosenleadersataspecialcongress;(3)havingregardtothemanpoweravailable;(4),beinginpossessionofunlimitedinformationofamilitarynaturethatcannotbemadeavailabletothepublic.

Howcanyourcorrespondentreconcilethestatement,"Thatitdoesnot makeanydifferencewhethertheAustraliansoldiersfightinNewGuineaor

Libya.'withthefactthatwhenJapan enteredthewartheA.I.F.hadtobe recalledfromLibyaandSyriaand senttoNewGuinea?Hasyourcorrespondentforgottenthatthedefence ofthiscountrywasinsuchabadpositionaftertheinvasionofJavathat orderswereissuedtoevacuatethe NorthofQueenslandandtheNorthWestportionoftheContinent?This nodoubtwasduetothepolicyofthe Menzie'sGovernmentthatthebest waytodefendAustraliawastosend everymanoutofthecountry.

Surelyitisnotacrimetodefendthe landyouwerebornin,andwhocan denythatthedefenceofthiscountry isinabetterpositionto-daybecause thepresentGovernmenttookdrastic action:(1)ThePacificCouncilwasestablishedinWashingtonwithAustraliarepresented(notwithoutafight); 12),theArmywasreorganisedand theoldgeneralsreplacedbyyounger men;(3),theindustryofthenationis organisedonascaleneverbeforeattemptedtosupplythefightingforces withtherequirementsofwar.

Thosepeoplewhonowadvocate conscriptionforoverseasknowthatit isunnecessary,buttheywanttosplit theLabourMovementwiththesame weaponthattheyusedduringthelast war,andiftheysucceedGodhelpthe ,orkersofthiscountry.Incon,lusion,mayGodblessJackCurtin,Australia'sgreateststatesman.-Yours, etc., JACKMcALOON.

4Nicholson-street,WestLeederville.

Sir,-Icannotbutregretthat"CommonSense"hasseenfittoairhispoliticalopinionsin"TheRecord...The questionofconscriptionisofapurely politicalcharacter,and,assuch,individualCatholicshaveaperfectright tosupportorcondemntheproposal. ThereisnosuchthingasaCatholic viewofthematter,eventhoughduringthelastwaroneofourArchbishopssawfittotakesides.Hewas exercisinghisrightasanindividual citizen,andnotastherepresentative oftheChurch.

Furthermore,Ideplore"Common Sense's"trucklingtoAmericanopinion.This"facingUncleSamwitha clearconscience"isrubbish. We don'tneedmakeanyexplanationsor apologiestoAmericaforourdomestic politics,andthesanerAmericanpapers admittedthattheissuewasonefor Australiaalonetodecide.Incidentally,isn't"CommonSense's"apparent endorsementof"totalwar"completely un-Catholic.Theologianssetsevere limitstocertainwar-timepractices, andthisnotionoffightingtothelast manandthelastshillingbecomesactuallyimmoralifthereisnorealprospectofvictory,oriftheevilofthe situationiscertaintooutweighthe good.-Yours,etc.,

LIBERTYINUNESSENTIALS.

RUSSIANAID.

Sir,WehavedevelopedanintriguingpositionintheCommonwealth.We nowhavenumerousnationalsocieties promotingthecauseof,andaidfor, theirrespectivecountries.Wehave Chinesesocieties,officeredandcontrolledbyChinese;Greeksocieties,by Greeks;FreeFrenchsocieties,byFree Frenchmenandwomen;Dutchsocieties,byDutchcitizens;andRussian societies...BYAUSTRALIANS.

Itistruethattheselatterhave succeededinsecuringtheassistanceof ahandfulofRussiancitizens;butthese aremoreorlessornamentalevidencetobeproducedtoconvincethesceptical.Itisalsotruethatmanyofthe people-Australians-whoyellfrom thesoap-boxthatwemustsendmedicalgoodsorfurcoatsorcondensed milktoourgallantAlly,didn'tlifta fingertohelpourownboysforthe firsttwenty-onemonthsofthewar.Yours,etc., LESTWEFORGET.

February16,1943.

CATHOLICSCHOOLS' RESULTS.

Sir,-Anyoneentertainingadoubt astothesoundnessofCatholiceducationwoulddowelltoreadthrough theexaminationresultspublishedin recentissuesof"TheRecord."The goodSistersandBrothersresponsible aretobecongratulatedonthesevery excellentresults.Wepraythatthey maylongbesparedtocontinuetheir goodworkamongtheCatholicand non-Catholicchildrenplacedunder theircare.-Yours,etc., "SCHOLASTICA Perth,9/2/43.

EMPTYPHRASES?

Sir,-"Catholicsarereadytotight forSchools"!Whatanextraordinaryheadlineduringatimewhenall mankind(intheAlliedcampatleast) issupposedtobejoiningforcesonthe HomeFront,invisualisingaNew Orderwhichwillcombinemorespiritualitywiththematerial! Thefirst stepinthisdirection,sofarasthe T.U.C.inEnglandisconcerned,appearstobeinreversegear.Isthis astrawwhichshowswhichwaythe NewOrderwindisblowing??A prettyheftystrawinastrongwind whichsoundsawarningtoCatholics inAustralia!SocialJustice!FreedomofConscience(Arethesetobe onlyemptyphrases?It'shightime someadvocatesputthecasetothe publicwhoseconscienceneedsalot ofawakening!-Yours,etc., "TIMEFLIES:. Perth,9/2/.43.

tOe

ciircObtocese

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

February21:CanonicalVisitationat St.Joseph'sChurch,Albany.

March7:CanonicalVisitationatSt. Mary'sKalamunda.

March14:CanonicalVisitationand ConfirmationatSt.Joseph's,Northam.

March19-10a.m.:PresideatConferenceofPriestsoftheMetropolitan Area,attheChapterHall,Victoria Square.

7p.m.:AdminstertheSacramentof ConfirmationtoadultsinSt.Mary's Cathedral.

March21-11a.m.:ConfertheSacred OrderofDiaconateatSt.Mary'sCathedral.

March25-9a.m.:Ordinationtothe SacredPriesthoodattheChurch'if theImmaculateConception,Darda nup.

1,200Children SingRedMass inCathedralParish

Theopeningoftheschoolyearwas signalledinthecathedralParishby thecelebrationofSolemnHighMass inSt.Mary'sCathedralonFriday, 13th.inst.1,200childrenfromtheparochialschoolsrenderedthemusicofthe Mass-"CumJubilo"-inGregorian Chant,St.Joseph'sConventSchool supplyingtheScholaandRev.Father McGillicuddyconducting.

TheMass,whichwastheRedMass oftheHolyGhost,wascelebratedby Rev.FatherRafferty,Rev.FatherDonnell,beingdeacon,andRev.Father Lalorsub-deacon.Rev.FatherO'Farrellactedasmasterofceremonies.The occasionalsermonwaspreachedby Rev.FatherDonnelly,andwillbepublishedintheChildren',Pagenext week.

NIEMOELLER'SCONVERSION DENIED.

Inarecentbook,publishedbyStanleyPaul,London,"IWasinHell WithNiemoeller,"LeoSteintellsthe storyofhismeetingswiththeGerman Confessionalpastorintheconcentrationcamp.Thecalm,patientheroismofNiemoelleriswelldescribed, and,whilehisadmirationfortheCatholicChurchisnotleftopentodoubt, theauthorshowsthattherumourof hisconversionisunfounded.

QUARANT'ORE

FEBRUARY.

Sunday.

4th.Coolgardie:OneDayofExposition.

MARCH,

1st.Kondinin:OneDayofExposition.

2nd.Halamunda:OneDayofExposition.

3rd.Subiaco:FortyHours'Prayer (19th.-21st.).

4th.Norseman:OneDayofExposition.

ACHINESEMERCIERMONSIGNOR YUPIN.

Inaremarkablearticleinthe''Spirit ofChina"numberof"TheChanging World,"CanondeOnaindiacompares the"youngnativebishop,"Mgr.Paul YuPin,VicarApostolicofNanking, toCardinalMercierinBelgiumduring thelastwar.SincetheJapaneseaggressionagainstChinabeganin1937 Mgr.YuPinhascalledfornational unityandaction,placingthechurches, schools,orphanagesandhospitalsof themissionsatthedisposalofthe ChineseGovernmentinitsresistance. WhenhehadtoleaveChinaforan urgentvisittoRomeheannouncedhis desiretobebackquicklyinthedangerzone."Myduty,"hewrotethen, "istobearwitnessbeforeallmenof gowlfaithandgoodwillthatthe bloodwhichisshedinmycountryis innocentblood."Whenfacedwith theJapaneseattemptto"makeus themelancholyobjectsoftheirscorn andoftheirprofit,tobringusimprisonmentandslavery,"hedeclaredthat 'quitesimplyhepreferreddeath."

HeroicMissionariesintheSouthSeas

ChristianityEnabledNewGuineaNativestoBecome "AngelsinDisguise"

AidRenderedbyPropagationofthe Faith.

Therearenoislandsinthenew worldwhichhavebeenthesceneof greateradventures,moredaringexploits,andmoreperiloustimesthan thoseintheSouthSeas.

Letuslearnalittlemoreaboutthese islandswhichAustraliansoldiersare nowdefendingfromtheJapaneseinvaders,andwheremanyAustralian missionaries,bothmenandwomen,are workinginthecauseofChristianity.

ThecapitalofNewGuineaisPort Moresby,whichhasheldprominence inthepressforsomeweekspast,a quaintilypicturesquevillagefacinga largebaywithanaturalharbour.In thevicinityaredenselywoodedhills, whichstretchupanddisappearinthe distance-adarkgreenandblackmass.

Butwhenthesunisontheretheydancewithcolourandthetintsof marvellousbrilliancyturntheminto alovelyfairylandfullofromanceand adventure.

Nooneknowswhythenativeswent tosuchtroubleinbuildingtheirhuts, unlessitwaswithaviewtoprotecting themselvesagainsttheattackofan enemyfromtheland.Therewereno wildanimalsforthemtofear.

Aregularstreetdividestheserows ofhuts,allexactlyalike,buttheinhabitantsseemtoknowwheretheir friendslive,thoughIamsurethemost experiencedpostmanwouldsufferfrom continualconfusionifhisserviceswere requiredintheseparts.Itisin thesehutsthatthenativessquatall day,anddowhatworktheyhave,or, moregenerally,idlethehoursaway.

Fromasanitarypointofview,no habitationcouldbebetterthanthese piledwellings,butforcomfortgiveme amodernhotel.

AltogetherPittMoresbyisasquaint andpicturesqueaspotaseverwas seen. Abrightblueskyandasea thecolourofwhichisforeverchang ing,astillnesswhichatonestagewas onlybrokenbytheroaringsurf,orthe chatterofthenatives,butwhichis nowbrokenbythedroneofaeroplanesandthedeadeningnoiseofmodernwarfare,makeupthisdelightful haven.

Icandonobetterthanconclude thisshortsketchbytouchingonthe workandlivesofthosebravemenand women-themissionarieswhohaveleft thecomfortsofhomeandtheirfriends toteachtheGospeloftheirMasterand bringpeaceandhappinesstothese wildsavagesandwhostillremainat theirpostsdespitethewar,evento thispresentday.

ItistheMissionarywhohasbeen themeansofstoppingtheghastly tradeinblackmen,andwhohasseen thatthenativewasdealtwithfairly.

ItistheMissionarywhobyteaching Christianitytothesesavageshaswon forthemthenameof"AngelsinDisguise,"fortheirhelpandcomfortand sympathytoourAustraliansoldiers woundedonthebattleleldsofthat islandworld.

Thesemissionariesrelysolelyonthe prayersandmaterialhelpofAustralianCatholicsthroughtheSocietyfor thePropagationoftheFaith.Join thisSocietyandkeeptheseMissiongoing,forourfutureislinkedwith theChristianfutureofthoseIslands

TheLegionofMary ComestoEgypt

YoungSoldier'sSharein Inauguration

"DublinSharedSameLittleTroubles"

Thefollowingextractsfromaletter toaPerthLegionarywillcertainlyinterestallmembersoftheLegionhere, particularlynowthattheLegionin Egypthasbeenplacedunderthejur- isdictionoftheAustralianSenatus. TheletterisfromanAustraliansoldierservinginAfrica,andwas,of course,writtensometimeago:-

"WehavethreePraesidiasinCairo. Aweekorsobackweformedthe 'Curia,'andhavehadtheinaugural meeting.Nextweekwillbeourfirst monthlymeetingofthe'Curia.'Now

"Many Compensations HaveCome InItsWake"

IwonderwhethertheLegion,and itsworkissomethingpre-ordainedto tryanddosomethingforthispoorold war-stricken,paganworld,withits hostsandhostsofevil?Themore IthinkoftheLegion,itswork(taking inasitdoesthewholeofCatholicAc- tion),theframingofthehand-book,I mustconfesstoabeliefthatIthink theLegionisdivinelyinstituted.At homeI'dheardofit,butitwasnot tillIarrivedinEgypt,andhadbeen outandreturnedtocivilisationthatI reallycametoknowofit.

orService

36in.SPUNSILK, 211Yard.

31CouponsYard.

36in.SPUNSILK,available inacomprehensiverangeof designsandcolours.Suitable forwashingfrocksandchildren'swear.

Price '2/11yard. 31COUPONSYARD.

36in.LIKAWOOL. 9/11Yard. 3iCouponsYard.

36in.LIKAWOOLforMid-SeasonFrocks.Patternedin contrastingstripesorcrossbarchecksoncolouredgrounds.

Price 9/11yard. 31COUPONSYARD.

50in.KAOLAFUR FABRIC 326Yard. 5CouponsYard.

50in.KAOLAFURFABRIC. Shadesofgrey,fawn,light.and midbrown.Awintercoat materialthatoffersthemaximumwarmthwiththeminimumweight.

Price 32/6yard. 5COUPONSYARD.

54in.WOOLDECHINE, 9/11Yard. 5CouponsYard.

Min.WOOLdeCHINE aheavy,allwoolfabric,for adultsandchildren'sfrocks.In agoodchoiceofcolours.

Price 9/11yard.

5COUPONSYARD.

GROUNDFLOOR,WELLINGTONSTREET,END.

FRANKDUFF.

fortheestablishingoftheLegion here.I'mafraiditwillonlybeaverybriefsummary.Iwasupinthe desertwhenitfirststarted(justover 12monthsago).Theonestowhom thecreditgoesforstartingtheLegion ofMaryareanAfricanMissionFather, ex-spiritualdirectorofapraesidiumin Dublin;aFatherSmith,BritishArmy chaplain:acoupleofcivilianladies, andoddsoldierswhowerethefirst members.Thepraesidiumwasnamed"MaterDolorosa."Symbolicalit seemsthatthispraesidiumholdsits meetingsataconventnotfardistant fromthepresumedrestingplaceof theHolyFamilyinEgypt.

TheLegionquicklygrew,threebro thers-O'Donohue,Scully,andmyself -weredetailedtoestablishanother praesidiumatAlverniaConvent,Zamalek,Cairo.(IfitwerenotforthecooperationofalltheSistersIdoubt whetheritwouldbepossibletohave theLegionhere,nothavingaplaceto holdmeetings,duetomilitaryperson- nelbeingonthemove.)Iamgladto saytheZamalek'ImmaculateConcep- tion"Praesidium,afterarejuvenating meeting,FatherSmithfromJerusa lembeingpresentandputtingsome ofhissealintonewmembers,appears nowtobewellestablished.Wehave twoFatherSmiths,onebeingafounderoftheLegioninEgypt.Coincidingwiththeabove,thearrivalofa newAfricanMissionsFatherassisted inthestartingofanotherpraesidium, hencetheformationofa'Curia.'

"SisterMacDonald,presidentofour praesidium.eventuallyinteresteda coupleofyoungladiesintheLegion, sonowwehave5or6civilianlady members.AtHeliopolis,thanksto theinterestofoneoftheSisters,ajuniorpraesidiumisnowflourishingatthe school.Itseemsalmostincredibleto findtheLegionintheEast,andyet

"Iwentalongtooneofitsmeetings withmygreatfriend,Bro.O'Donohue. Afterattendingafewmeetings,Ibegantorealisetheimmenseworthofthe work,itsinfluenceontheworldtoday,infact,asI'vestated,andthink itsdivinelyinstitutedwork.Then I compensationsbecamereallyinterested.Andmany havecomeinitswake, someatthetimeundreamedof,won-derfulfriends,itsgoodinfluence,meetinggreatfellows,normalandbrightin everysenseoftheword,notwearing longfacesofpiety,aslikenedperhaps tothePharisees.

"Atthebeginningofthissummary, Ileftoutoneimportantperson,instru- mentalintheestablishingoftheLegion here.Soit'sacaseofthefirstshall belastandthelastfirst.. ASr. Cecilia,AlverniaConvent,Cairo.One oftheoriginalmembersoftheLegion of Duff!itsfirstpraesidiumunderFrank

"TalkingofFrankDuff,whilstwe threewereinJerusalem,weintended attendingthemeetingthere.Itwas heldasusual,inthisinstanceithap- penedtobeonGoodFridayevening. AnIrishsoldierservingintheBritish Armyhappenedtowanderalongto the'CatholicHostel,'where,also,the Legionmeet.'Tisasmallworld,for thissoldier,too,happenedtobean originalmember,apersonalfriendof FrankDuff's,and,ifIrememberright- ly,oneofthefirstofficersoftheLegionofMary'sfirstpraesidium.So hehadsomeveryinterestingstoriesto telloftheearlydaysinDublin.Later, whenitwastimeforustoleavefor Egyptagain,wehadthepleasureof hiscompanymostofthetrainjourney. Welistenedtohim,receivinggreat pleasurefromhisstoreofanecdotesof theearlydaysoftheLegion.One thingstoodoutprominently,itwas this:thosepeopleinDublinhadall thesamesimplelittletroubles,with themselves,withtheirpraesidia;and thisiswhatIfindastrikingfact, throughoutthewholeoftheLegion anditswork itssimplicity,its powerofbeingwithinthedomainof allpeople,allclassesandtypes-in factthe"whole,"theTreeandthe Branches,theClergyandtheLaity. andagainitcomesintomymind,what moreperfectCatholicorganisation(in thesedays)couldbeinstituted?"

Sunday,February21:LakeGrace,9 a.m.;Kukerin,11a.m.

Sunday,February28:Dumbleyung, 9a.m.;Wagin,11a.m.

Sunday,March7:Wagin,8a.m.; \Vedgecarrup.10a.m.

Sunday,March21:Kukerin,9a.m.; LakeGrace,11a.m.

SundayMarch28:Dumbleyung,9 a.m.;Wagin,11a.m.

Sunday,March14:Wagin,Sa.m.: Dumbleyung,10a.m.

LIFEOFG.K.CHESTERTON

TheofficialLifeofGilbertKeith Chestertonisfinished,andwillbepublishedintheUnitedStatessoon, FrankSheed,NewYorkandLondon Catholicpublisher,announces.The LifehasbeenwrittenbyMaisieWard, \\hi,isMrs.Sheed

ShentonPathParish

FarewellSocialtoMissV.Letcher.

OnTuesdayevening,February9,a representativegatheringofparishioners metinSt.Aloysius'Halltobid "adieu"toMissViolaLetcher,ofShentonPark.Thefunctionwasorganised bythelocalbranchoftheCatholic Women'sLeague,ofwhichMissLetcherwasthesecretary.Ourdepart. ingguestisjourneyingtoBrighton, SouthAustralia,tobemarriedtoMr. ArthurFrancisWilliams.Theeveningopenedwithaneatlittlespeech byourlocalpresidentoftheC.W.L., Mrs.II.Kerman,inwhichsheexplainedtheobjectofthegatheringandexpressedthehopethatallwouldenjoy themselves.Mr.C.GalconerablyactedasM.C.bothforthedancingand fortheseveralcommunitynumbers whichweresung.Mrs.Blencoweand Mrs.Bowdenrenderedindividualsolos, followedbyanencore.Mrs.G.Carr, imrfaithfulandaccomplishedpianiste. playedtheaccompanimentsand,for thedancemusic,wasrelievedbyMrs. J.George.Avarietynumberwas suppliedbyMr.J.Hassel,oftheWesternStoveCompany,whoheldadialoguewithhistalkingdoll,"Charlie," thelatterfinallyburstingintosong. ProfessorlohnsonamusedtheaucliencL withhisconjuringandnoveltytricks, whilstMr.A.Smithproveda'trick.' violinstofthefirstwater.MrHassel

Mr.Sinit'iii;ostagedoneortwo "skits."

Atthesumptuoussupperwhichwas served,FatherCollinspresentedthe guestoftheeveningwithabeautiful tablecloth.Heregrettedherdeparturefromtheparishandlossfromthe C.W.L.,butexpressedthewishthat hermarriedlifewouldbeallthatshe coulddesire.Onherbehalfhethankedtheartistswhohadcontributedto thepleasantevening'sentertainment. Afterthesingingof"Forshe'sajollygoodfellow,"MissLetcherfeelinglyand suitablyresponded,thankedoneand allfortheirpresenceandtheirgiit, andexpressedthewishthat,thewar beingover,shewouldsoonreturnto liveintheirmidstagain.

NELSON&SONLIMITED MARKETREPORT

NELSONANDSON,LIMITEDreportasfollowsfortheirsaleofWednesday,February17:

Supplieswereheavythismorning, andsomegoodcockerelsandMuscovieswerepenned.Thequalityofthe hens,however,wasnotsogood,very fewprimebirdsbeingavailable.Values forgoodbirdswasequaltolastweek, butmediumandlightbirdswereeasier.Afewpairsofpulletssoldwell, andthereisademandfortheseifqualityandconditionisright.

'QUOTATIONSATPERPAIR.

COCKERELSPrime,13/-to14/-; good,10/-to11,6;medium,6/-to9,1-; small,downto4/6.

HENS:Prime,10'6to116;medium,7/-to9/-;smallandlight,4/6 to56.W.L.(bestbirds),4/-to51-; inferior,downto3/-.

BEACONSFIELD

Theweeklyeuchrepartiesstarted lastMonday,andalthoughtherewere notverymanypresent,weremember thatmanygreatthingshadhumble beginnings,sowehopethattheywill growinpopularityduringtheyear.

Schoolre-openedwithabout130 children.SisterCollette,whohasbeen teachinginBeaconsfieldforthepast twoyears,hasbeentransferredtoMt. Barker.Wehopeshewillbevery happyinhernewhomeandweare certainthatshewilldogreatwork there.Herplacehasbeenfilledby SistersMonicaandFinbar.

TheannualmeetingoftheChildren ofMarySodalitywasprecededbya well-attendedhightea.Inherrepo't thesecretaryrightlyobservedthatthe attendanceatthemonthlymeetings leavesmuchtobedesired.

Thelatestrecruitseeninchurchis Les.Ireland,whohasjoinedhisbrotherPhilintheAirForce.Jack MahoneyhasjustbeenpostedtoCunderdin,andFrankSandertoGeraldton.Wewerepleasedtohearthat JerryMahoneyisbackinAustral:1, andweallhopetoseehimamongsttli verysoonforawell-earnedrest.Les. Murrayreportsthatheiswellandhas rejoinedhisshipagain.

GeorgeAndersonwasseenatMass recently,andlookedsowellthatwe aresurehewillsoonbedischarged fromWoorooloo.Thelatestnews aboutMrs.ToopfromtheSanatortim isverysatisfactory,andshehasbecomeresignedtotheprospectofalong sojournthere.

THETALEOFTHEROBIN.

AMoralAboutDirtyStories.

Apriestsendsmethisstorywhich recordsanactualincident:Ayoung subalternhadtoldadoubtfulstory, andheaskedtheCatholi,chaplain: "Areyoushocked,padre?""Letme tellyouone,"repliedthepriest."A littlecockrobinsatonatreewaitingforhisbreakfast.Presentlya cart-horselefthisdroppingsbeneath thetree.Therobinflewdownand enjoyedahotmeal.Heflewback tohisperchandbegantosingloudly. Thechirpingattractedtheattention ofagamekeeper,whoraisedhisgun andblewthepoorlittlecockrobin intosmithereens.That'sthestory, andthemoralis:Ifyouarefullof dirt,don'tmakeasongaboutit."

Children'snovels,illustratedbooks, andallkindsofstorybookssuitablefor JuvenileSectionofourCatholicLibrary,arewanted.

HolyNameSociety-AnnualCorninaudonBreakfast.

TheexercisesoftheSocietywere carriedoutwiththeusualdevotionon SundaylastunderthespiritualdirectionoftheAdministrator,Rev.Father Carolan.

Duringtheeveningmeeting,memberswereaddressedbyMr.Hedlev Symons,well-knownandpopularwith hisfellow-members.Hissubjectwas "TheneedforCatholicActionineverydaylife,"andwaslistenedtoveryattentively.

Astrongcommitteewasformedto organisetheannualCommunionbreakfast,tobeheldonMarch14inSt. Mary'sHall.BoulderandCoolgardie brancheswillcombinewithKalgoorlieonthisimportantoccasion.Visitingservicemenandotherswillbe welcomed.Cardswillbeavailable shorty-atSt.Mary's.

H.A.C.B.S.-QuarterlyCommunion.

InspiteofthegreatheatonMonday eveninglast,asuccessfulmeetingwas conducted.PrincipalbusinessincludedarrangementsforthequarterlyCommunionofthebranch.Thiswilltake placeat7o'clockMassatSt.Mary's onSunday,February28.Attendance atthisimportantfeatureofthesocietywasexcellentthroughoutlast year,andmembersareexpectedto maintainthehighstandardduringthe presentyear.

Thequarterlymeetingwillalsobe heldonSunday,February28,after11 o'clockMass.Sopleasekeepthisimportantdateinmind.

Children'sMass.

TheannualMasstomarkthereopeningoftheschoolstookplaceon Fridaymorning,andwasattendedby severalhundredchildren,studentsof t1oS(1,11., )11\cut,theConventof lercy,Butler-street,andChristian Brothers'College.

PersonaL

JackWorner,inarecentletter,sent kindregardstoalloldfriends,particularlytomembersofthevarioussocietie,ofwhichhewasformerlyan activemember.

WeunderstandOwenHanlonhas beentransferredbacktoMidland Junction.Thebestwishesofallhis friendsgowithhim.Owenisvery wellknownatSt.Mary'sandintenniscircles.

MrandMrs.EricHeenanarereportedtobeenjoyingaholidayat Esperance.

Lastweek'strainstookmanyofour youngstersbacktocollegeandanother yearofhardwork.AmongthepassengerswerefourstudentsforSt charles'Seminary.

DRAKES:Prime,13/-to14'-(afew to15'-)ageddrakes,7/-to9apair; agedducks,7/-to8,-;K.C.(young birds),5/-.

PULLETS:B.O.,good,8/6to9/-; medium,5"-to5'9;inferior,3,'9to 46W.L.,9"-to96.

TURKEYS:Younggobblers,14/to16/-apair;younghens,11'-per pair.

EGGS:StandardNewLaid,1/10; mediumhen,1/8i;Pullet,1/79;Cookinggrades,5d.to6d.adozenlower thannewlaidrates.

ADDRESSMetropolitanMarket:, Perth.

Doyouwishtohelpeducateapriest forworkinWesternAustralia?Make aregularannualcontributiontohelp anindigentstudent.

CanadaRefusestoliftBanonCommunistParty

MAGNIFICENTREDRESISTANCEDUETONATIONALISM

"DifferencesbetweeninternationalCommunismandtheconstitutional setupandChristiancivilisationofourcountryarefundamental."

Mr.LouisSt.Laurent,Canada'sMinisterofJustice,hasreaffirmedhisdeterminationnottorecommendtothe HouseofCommonstheliftingofthe banontheCommunistPartyinCanada.

Thepartywasdeclaredillegalshort lyafterCanadaenteredthewar.In recentmonthstherehasbeenapersistentcampaignagainsttheban.

ReplyingtoatelegramfromaTorontomassmeeting.Mr.St.Laurent statedthathecannotagreethatlegalisingthepartywouldhavetheeffect ofhelpingthecauseofnationalunity.

"Itmayverywellbe,"hesaid,"that CanadiansbelongingtotheCommunist Partycanbehelpfulinourwareffort, butitisquitepossibleforthemtodo thatasordinarycitizens.

"Ihavehadothercommunications similartoyoursandthefollowingisa paragraphfromananswerImadeto oneofthem:

Russia'sNationalism.

"'IamsorryiflargenumbersinOntarioarefeelingindignantbecausethe recommendationsoftheparliamentary committeeconsideringtheDefenceof CanadaRegulationshavenotbeenimplemented.Personally,Ihavenot favouredtheirimplementation,and theinformationIhavereceived wastotheeffectthatamajorityofthe peopleeveninOntariostillfelt.that therewouldbedangeringivingany encouragementtctheCommunist Party.

"'Weare,ofcourse,verymuchimpressedbythemagnificentresistance oftheRussianpeople,butI,foronce, aminclinedtoattributethattotheir

vigorousRussiannationalismrather thantoanyvirtueofinternational Communism,andevenifonewereto admitthattheirRussiannationalism hasbeenstimulatedbytheiradherence toCommunismIamnotatallconvincedthatwerequiretheproddingof Communisminourconstitutionalset up.'

"Inmyopinion,differences,evenif theyaroseinthepast,cannotbeforgottenwhentheyarefundamental,and Iamstillconvincedthatthedifferences betweeninternationalCommunismand theconstitutionalset-upandChristian civilisationofourcountryarefundamental.

"Weareallviolentlyopposedto FascismandNazism,butIdonot agreethatwemustgototheother extremetoindicatethatouroppositioniswholeheartedandsincere.The acceptanceofCommunismmight,as yousuggest,causeconsternationin theranksofourenemies,butIam surethatitwouldalsocauseconsternationintheranksofverylargenumbersofloyalcitizensofmostofthe UnitedNations."

InterneesReleased.

Thelastofthe127membersofthe CommunistPartywhowereinternedin CanadaunderDefenceofCanadaRegulationshavenowbeenreleased.

Thisdoesnotmeanthatthebanhas beenliftedontheCommunistParty. ThereleasedCommunistsmustmake periodicalreportstotheRoyalCanadianMountedPoliceastotheirwhereabouts.andtheymustalsoagreeto refrainfromactivitiesoftheCommunistParty.

"Educationbroadensthe mind.Ifcommercialised,it isalifelongadvantagethat ensuresfreedomfromwant."

Thesearethewordsofone uithemostnoblepersonalities inEnglishliterature-aman ofsuperbintellectwitha trueunderstandingoflife.

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014 INMEMORIAM 44

CASEY.-Insacredandlovingmemoryofourbelovedsonandbrother, LieutenantW.P.Casey,whodiedat LucknowMilitaryHospital,February9,1041.

ImmaculateHeartofMary,your prayersforhimextol.

SacredHeartofJesus,havemercy onhissoul.

Myboy-mother.

McNAMARA.-Ofyourcharity,pray forthereposeofthesoulofHonors (Nan)McNamara,lovedwifeofPatrickMcNamara,motherofJo,Nora, SisterM.Claude,Mary,Pat,Jerry, whodepartedthislifeonFebruary 22,1942.

MostSacredHeartofJesus,have mercyonhersoul.

McNAMARA.-Inlovingmemoryof HonoraMcNamara.whodeparted thislifeonFebruary22,1942. Onwhosesoul,SweetJesus,have mercy. -Insertedbyherlovingsister,Mrs. W.Riley,andfamily.

FindingEaster

Springbeginsatthevernalequinox, March21.whendayandnightareof thesamelengthallovertheearth,or, atleast,practicallyso.Easteriskept onthefirstSundayafterthefirstfull mooninSpring.Whenithappens thatthefullmoonfallsonaf-latto-dav andthatSaturdayisMarch21,then Easteriskeptnextdayonitsearliest possibledate.Whenithappensthat fullmoonfallsonaSundayandthat SundayisApril18,wehavetowait forEastertillthefollowingSunday, andwehaveourlatestpossibleEaster -onApril25,ashappensthisyear.

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W.A.T.C.

Saturday,February20,1943. AidfulHandicap:Nikh,1;Common, 2;BobbyBreen,3. MaidenHandicap;Portrach,1; FlamingRush,2;Glencairn,3. HopetounHandicap:Alm,1;Hillian,2;Bettiville,3. SerpentineHandicap:FlameLady,1; Skylark,2;Ruby.3. FebruaryHandicap:JovialJoss,1; FirstColumn,2;RoyalStandard,3. JandakotHandicap:GoldJay,1; Penchop,2;Monisan,3. LawleyHandicap(Welter)Dainty Lace,1;Stayer,2;GayBoy,3.

"SHODWITHTHEMOON."

ANon-CatholicPoetonthe ImmaculateConception. EugeneMason,whodiedin1935, wasnotaCatholicpoet,buthisreligiousspiritismirroredinseveralof hispoems,suchas"PanisAngelorum," "OurLadyofGoodChildren,"and "WeepingCross."Thefollowing stanzasarefrom"TheMonthof May,"whichhewrotequiteearlyin hisliterarycareer: ShodwiththemoonaWomanenteredthere, Clothedwiththesunaswithamantle fair, Thestarslikejewelsshiningthrough herhair, (0RoyalGarment,foldmeinthy state!)

Once,inthesecretcouncilsofHis ways, Withgoldenalchemyofsubtledays, GodperfectedacreatureofHispraise, (MotherandMaid,aBrideImmaculateI)

Hisgraceprevaileduponhererehebreath, Graceshapedtheflawlessvaseunique inworth, Gracelitthestarthatshoneaboveour earth. (Rise,MorningStar,mostmusical, mostbright!)

GodwroughtherverysurelywithHis Hand, ThekeystoneofthefabricHehad planned, Destinedtomorethanshemightunderstand. (MirrorofJustice,showusGod aright!)

Phones

Thefightforthe LAND

-

For

2,000yearstheChurchhas shownaspeciallove&solicitude forthosewhocultivatetheland

Duringthetwothousandyearsof herexistence,theCatholicChurchhas evershownaspecialloveandsolicitudeforthosewhocultivatetheland. OurLordJesusChristlivedthegreater partofHislifeinanobscurecountry town,anditwasfromruralfolkthat 1ledrewHisfirstdisciplestocarry Hismessagetothepaganworld.Our Lordwaswelcomedinthecountryside, hutthegreatcityofJerusalem,with itsmerchantsandmoney-changers,plottedagainstHislifeandfinallycrucified HimonCalvary.Christ'svicarson earthandthesuccessorsoftheApostleshavealwaysmanifestedaspecial -tlovefortheuniversalruralchurch.In thearchivesoftheSacredCongregation oftheRotatherearelargevolumesof decrees,decisionsandobservationson agriculturalmatters,uptotheyear 1718.Thedateissignificant,forthe succeedingcenturiesproducedthemonsterofcapitalism,withitsrapeofthe soil,itsdrifttothecities,anditsdeclineofthecountryside.Inourown time,whentheungodlysocialeconomy whichhasproducedtheseevilsisfightingforitslife,nonehavecalledmore forciblyforsocialreconstructionand therehabilitationofthelandthanthe recentPopes.Christofthecountrysideisoncemorethreatenedbythe merchantsandusurersofthegreat cities.EvenAustralia,theyoungest ofthenations,isafflictedwiththesocialevilsoftheold-aplutocracyof entrenchedwealth,aruralcommunity burdenedwithdebt,facingbankruptcy, adrifttoouralreadyover-populated cities.

TheAustralianBishops,likethe Popes,haveconstantlyshowntheir deepconcernfortheplightofthefarmer.IntheJointPastoralLetterissuedaftertheFourthPlenaryCouncil inSydneyin1937,theBishopsdeplored theflightfromthelandas"soappallingastobecomeaquestionofgrave nationalconcern."TheNationalSecretariatofCatholicAction,whichwas establishedbythePlenaryCouncil, wasnotslowtoheedthewarningand directionoftheHierarchy.Almost immediateeffortsweremadetolaythe foundationsofaCatholicruralmove-

ment.Theresponsesurpassedallexpectations.Fromsmall,nervousbeginningsthemovementhasgrown. Afterlittlemorethansixmonthsof experimentallife,theleaderswereable toestablishamonthlynewspaper, RuralLife,"whichhasgivenaremarkablestimulustoCatholicRural Action.

ThefoundationoftheNationalCatholicRuralMovementisanhistoric eventofthefirstmagnitude,notonly fortheCatholicChurchinourland, butalsoforthefutureofAustralia. ThehistoryofChristendomshowsthat wheretheFaithissolidlyestablished incountryenvironments,therewholesomeChristianlivingandfamilylife thrivesandflourishes.Thenewmovementisalsoofvitalimportanceforthe resurrectionofournationallifeonthe land.Forthesolutionofourrural problemsdemandsaspiritualrevolution,anewvision,asocialreconstruction,whichcanbeinspiredonlyby trueChristianity.Theleadersofthe movementhavenoillusionsastothe difficultiesofthetaskandrealisethat, thumzhtheysowtheseeds,otherswill reaptheharvest.Thefirstprinciple oftheirplanofactionisthethorough adulteducationoftheirmembersin thespiritual,doctrinalandsocialimplicationsoftheFaith:for,unlessthey aretrainedtoafullChristianlifeand toaphilosophyofco-operationbased inspiritualprinciples,thentheirestablishmentoforganisationstohelpthe farmermustultimatelyfailforlackof spirit.

Co-operation,whichwaseagerlydiscussedattheconference,isofChristianoriginandinspiration.Itis,as itwere,theembodimentofcharityin economics,andtheeconomicquestion isthegreatproblemoftheage.But asamovementforthereconstruction ofsocietyitisstillinitsinfancy.Despitethepropagandaforco-operation inrecentyears,impartialsurveysof themovementinEnglish-speaking countriesrevealthat,apartfromachievingdiertainminoreconomicadjustments,ithasmadelittleimpressiononthesocialorderinwhichwe live.TheexperienceoftheMaritimes ei?

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inCanadaistheexceptionratherthan therule.InAustralia,thehistory ofco-operation,whichdatesbackto 1860,isnotencouraging.Consumers' co-operativeshavemetwithonlymoderatesuccess,principallybecausemembers,bytraditionandeducationindividualists,areshareholdersfirstand foremostandco-operatorssecond.The movementlacksthespiritandselfsacrificingidealismwhichChristianity alonecangive.Theprinciplesofthe Rochdalepioneers-whichnoCatholic Actionistcouldadmit-thatco-operationshouldheneutralinreligionis doubtlessresponsibleforthefailureof themovementtomakeanyappreciableimpressiononthecolossusof capitalism;for,withouttheinspiration ofvitalreligion,withoutthefireof Christiancharity,thesouloftrue co-operation,themovementfallsa preysoonerorlatertotheevilsofindividualism,gretdandself-seeking. Christianco-operativesmusthavea

spiritualbasis,inspiredbythedoctrineoftheMysticalBodyofChrist. MaytheyoungfarmersofCatholicActiongrowinthespiritandidealism oftheMysticalBody,inwhichthey areall"membersoneofanother,"and buildanever-increasingarmyoftruly Christianco-operatorsforthespiritual andtemporalregenerationoftheAustralianrurallife.MaytheNational CatholicRuralMovementbringback Christinthecountryside.-Reprinted from"TheArlvorate,"February8, 1940.

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ThreeGreatFiguresDominatethe SceneinOccupiedBelgium

*UnflinchingStandofCardinal ArchbishopofMalines

"MercierbarkedbutVanRoeybites"

Mercier.TheentireBelgiannation knowsit;theGermansknowittoo.As amatteroffact,theGermansthemselvessayofhim:`Mercierbarked,but VanRoeybites.'Andbitehedoe?

MercierBarked.

London

Thefollowingpassagesaretakenfrom reportofaninterviewgiventothe "CatholicHerald"byM.Delfosse,who escapedfromBelgiumandisnowBel gianMinisterforInformationatLondon.

Speakingoftheinternalsituationin OccupiedBelgium,M.Delfossegave meapicturestrongandfirminoutline,wrotetheinterviewer.Three greatfiguresdominatethescene,Like M.Delfosse,theyareCatholicstothe tipsoftheirfingers.Andthenames ofthethreemenareKingLeopold, CardinalVanRoey,Archbishopof Malines,andthenowinternedCanon Cardijn,founderinBelgiumandFrance oftheworld-renownedjociste(Young ChristianWorkers')Movement.

MonsieurDelfossewasloudinhis praiseoftheunflinchingstandofthe CardinalArchbishopofMalines.

"TheGermanshavecometorealise theforceofcharacteroftheman,and thespiritualpowerthathewields.CardinalVanRoevisanotherCardinal

VanRoeyBites. Hisspiritualstrengthisthestrength ofMercier.LikeMercier,hecarries aunitednationwithhim.Thedifferencebetweenthemisadifferenceof temperament:MerciertheWalloon, diplomaticandsubtle;VanRoeythe Fleming,inflexible,static,tough."

Puttingintotheinterviewer'shand acompletecopyofthetextofCardinalVanRney'sfamousPastorallettercommentingonthePope'sChristmasallocutionof1941,whichhehad smuggledoutofBelgium,M.Delfosse said:

"Lookattheseextracts!Theyare proofenough."Thefirstwasonpage one,introducingtheBelgianpeople tothePapaldiscourse:"Theremarkabledocumentdeservestobestudied byall:wechargeyoutoreaditinits entiretyandnottocontentyourselves withcutandtendentiousaccounts."

"ItcosttheCardinalsomerealcouragetospeaksoboldly.AndIcantell younowthattheeffectwasverygreat indeed.Fromthreetofourhundred thousandcopiesweredistributed throughoutthecountrybeforethe Germansrealiseditsimportandbanned it.They'restilltryingtoundothe damagedone."

AsIreadon,onepointinthePastoralstoodoutmorethananyother: itwastheinsistenceontherightand

brasstacks:"AsregardsBelgium,this firstconditionoftheneworderincludes therestorationofourcountryinits independenceandintegrity.Itwill beforBelgium,andforBelgiumalone, todecidewhatroleshewillplayin thenewEurope."

Askedwhatwasthereactiontothis, M.Delfossesaid: "Awaveofconsolationandresolutionsweptthecountry.Belgium,as

ACOMPACT, CONCISE, ACTIVESERVICE PRAYERBOOK

CANONCARDLIN. Hisarrestcausedstupor. dutyoftheChurchtospeakoutfearlesslyonsocialquestions.

TheCardinaltoldhispeoplethatthe Popewasspeaking"asSupremeDoctoroftheMoralLaw-becausethe peacewelongforisanenterprisefor thecommongoodrequiringthecooperationofChristendom."

Andfurtheron(dealingwithnationalintegrityinthefirstofthefive principlesessentialforpeaceanda prosperousinternationalorder),CardinalVanRoeycamedowntovery ,....11..1141,404.

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ItcontainsthefullMass,all essentialprayersanddevotions andlistsspecialprivileges. Itoffers,aswell,manypagesof blunt,helpfulandsympathetic advicethatwillbewelcomed byeveryCatholicyoungman allina96-pagepocketsizebookonly4iinchesdeep by3incheswide.

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HowtheStatureofKingLeopoldasa PrisonerHasGrown

youknow,isvigorouslyCatholic,and theCardinal'sunmistakablemessage putthemovementoflegalresistance totheinvadersonaChristianfooting. AngerandconsternationontheGermansidehastakenthepracticalform ofmeasuresrepressingmoreandmore BelgianCatholicAction.Atthetime IleftlinMay)allmeetingswerebanned."

AndthatbroughtustoCanonCardijn,knowntoCatholicYouthinevery

KingLeopoildkprestigehasbecome greaterthaneverbefore.

partoftheglobeasthefounderofthe YoungChristianWorkers'Movement, thestoryofwhosearrestandconfinementwasreportedlately.

tremendousworkdoneby Cardijnsincetheoccupation,"saidM. Delfosse,"Icanobviouslysaynothing.

Buthisinfluencewasveryreal.Stupor seizedthelandwhenthenewsofhis arrestinMayleakedout."

ButoftheyouthCanonCardijnhad schooledintheprofoundidealsofthe Y.C.W.Movement,M.Delfossespoke withopenfeeling:

"Therearesaintsamongthem,"he said."Theywillcarryon.Youmust notforgetthatBelgiumboastsjuston amillionmenandwomen,boysand girlstrainedtheJocisteway.Their patriotismisasadmirableasthe principlesofChristianityonwhichit isfed.WhenthePopespokelast Christmas,andatlasttheCardinal coulddeliverthemthefulltext,each ofthemfeltHisHolinesswasuttering whatheorshefeltdeepdown-"The activitiesoftheseChristianenthusiasts,"saysM.Delfosse,"isnowlimited largelytothehomeandfamily sphere."

"Andfinally,"Iasked,"whatabout theKing?"

"Heis,asisknown,aprisoner.From thebeginning-eversincetheoccupationin1940-hehasmaintainedhis dignity.Thewholenationlooksto Slimwithaffection.Therehasnever beenthefaintesthintatcollaboration inanyshape.Hisprestigeinthe eyesofeverytrueBelgianhasbecome greaterthaneverithasbeenbefore."

BeforeIwithdrew,M.DelfossecompletedthepictureofBelgium,"bloody butunbowed.""IthinkBelgium canconfidentlyexpectmuchofthe future.Asineverysectionofthe Alliedcamp,hopeofgreatsocialchangesisabroad.Butifourworkers arestrongandthewarhashadthe undoubtedlygoodeffectofbringing togetheremployerandemployeeas theyhavenotbeenbroughttogether inthepast,thechiefreasonforconfidence senseofjusticeand charityintheindividualBelgian.That realisationgrowsmoreprobableeach

OSIIIIIIIM111811101111111111MINHIMMIMEINUIS

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Whatdebilitymeanswastoldmein thefollowingwords:

"Insteadofthe2,500calories-the strictminimumneededtokeepbody andsoultogether-therationallowed perperson-thoughnotalwaysprocurable-containsonly1,200calories.

"Coal,whichissoabundantinour subsoil,ishardtoprocurebecauseGermanyrequisitionsalmostalloftheproductionforherindustry.

"Hence,tuberculosisiscausingimmenseravageamongchildren.The healthsituationisappalling.The futureofourraceisinjeopardy."

Askedaboutcollaborationism,M. Delfossesaidthattheyareinfinitesimal innumbers."Theydonotamountto 5percent.ofthepopulation."

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ThefollowingaccountofhisexperiencesinJapanafterDecember,1941, waswrittenbyFatherLeoWardwhile onthejourneyhome,andwasfound amonghispapersafterhisdeathat sealastmonth,afewdaysbeforethe shipreachedEngland:

IwasarrestedonDecember8,the FeastoftheImmaculateConception, onwhichdayJapanenteredtheWar. 1hadsaidMassandfinishedbreakfast whenthedoorbellrangandayoung JapanesefriendlivinginthePresbyterytoldmethattheMilitaryPolice hadcometoseeme. 1didnotknow thatJapanwasatwar,andwasstill hopingthatpeacemightbepreserved intheFarEast.Butafriendwho hadanacquaintanceamongthemembersoftheMilitaryPolicehadwarned methattheiractivitiesamongforeignerswerelikelytobeconsiderablyincreasedinthenearfuture.SoIwas notsurprisedwhenfourenteredthe houseandpolitelyaskedmypermissiontoexamineallbooksandpapers. Iwassomewhatalarmedwhenthey askedmetoreturnwiththemtotheir Headquarters,andstillmoresowhen theyaddedthatIhadbetterpacka smallsuitcaseandbringit.Eventhis, however,failedtodispelmyconfidence ofsafety,whichwasbasednotonlyon myconsciousnessofinnocencebefore theLaw,butalsoonthefactthatthe CivilPolicehadgivenaveryfavourablereportaboutmeonlyamonthpreviouslywhenIappliedtobecomea teacherintheTokioHigherNormal School.Theleaderofthegroupwas, moreover,quitefriendlyinmanner,and assuredmethathewouldexplainmy inabilitytoattendtheschoolanda lunchengagementattheCanadian Legationthatveryday.

Beforeleavingthehouse,however,I wastoldbymyyoungJapanesefriend thatwarhadbrokenout."TheEnglishandAmericanshaveattackedour ships,"washisbriefaccountofwhat hehadheardoverthewireless.

IwasnowdriventhroughTokioby mynewacquaintancetotheHeadquartersoftheMilitaryPolice,where, afteranadequateJapaneselunch,I wasinterrogatedbytheleaderofthe group,whosemannerrapidlychanged fromfriendlinesstoextremeseverity ashefoundfaultwitheachofmy statements,andespeciallyblamedme forhavinghadfriendlyrelationswith membersoftheBritishandotherEmbassies,and(morenaturally)forhavingwrittenletterstothenewspapers onthesituationoftheChurchinGermany(Ihadbeenwarnedbyvarious friendsthatIranariskofbeingarrested,Isupposeonaccountofthese articles).Myexaminerfinallytold methatIwasarrestedontwocharges: (a)thatofhavingconductedanti-GermanpropagandaafterHisMajestythe EmperorhadsignedtheThree-Power

...

"atriumphantandPaganJapanmight proveadangertoChristendomwhichcan hardlybeexaggerated" *ExperiencesofanEnglish MissionaryPriestin

Japan

FourMonthsinJailUnder"Examination"

1donotthinkhewasunjust,and Istillthinktherewassufficientreasonforexaminingme,thoughIcannotunderstandwhyittookfour monthstoarriveatadecisioninmy regard.

PactwithGermanyandItaly:and(b) ofhavinggiveninformationabout JapantotheBritishEmbassy(a chargewhichwasmoreorlessdropped inthelaterstagesofmyexamination).

IwasnowdriventotheGreatTokio KochishoPrison,whereIsawinthe entrancehalladozenormoreforeignersandmanyJapanese.Myclothes wereexaminedandallbutnecessities weretakenfrommebeforeIwasconductedthroughlonganddarkpassages dividedbyirongatestoadimly-lighted cell.whereIsleptontheusualJapanesemattressonthefloor.RatherbetterthanIexpected.Iwaslaterallowedabedandblankets.

firstfewdaysinprison IwasgivenJapanesefood,whichwas plainbutwholesome,andonthethird orfourthdayIbegantoreceiveEuropeanmeals.Apartfromtheshockof surpriseandcompleteuncertaintyof thefutureitw,asimpossible,withfaith andanoptimistictemperament,tobe unhappy.Life,however,wasmonotonouswithoutbooksornewsofany kind,andIwasrelievedonthefifth daywhenIwasledupstairstobegin myexamination.Incidentally,we worethemostpicturesquestrawhats, whichcoveredourfaceswheneverwe wereoutsideourcells.

DuringmyfourmonthsinprisonI occasionallypassedotherEuropean prisonersinthepassagesgoingtoor returningfromtheexaminations,but Irecognisednoone,thoughafriend (Mr.VereRedman)recognisedmeand recalledtomequiteaccuratelywhatI hadsaidanddoneaswepassedeach other.

Theexaminationslastedfromfiveto sevenhoursdaily.Theywereaimed atdiscoveringwhetherIhadabused myworkasamissionaryintheinterestsofpoliticalpropaganda.They werethoroughandminutetoanastonishingdegree,andonthewhole werenotunfair.Iwasnaturally anxioustoprovethatasaCatholic priestIhadnoanti-Japaneseprejudices andhadneverintentionallyconductedEnglishpropagandainmyparish. InprovingthisIfeltIwasaidingother Catholicmissionaries.Ididnotknow thataFrenchBishop,aFrenchpriest, andanAnglicanBishophadbeenarrestedonthesamedayasmyself.I alsobelieveditmydutytostayin Japansolongaspossible,asIhadreceivedEpiscopalencouragementto doso.Thesereasonsaddedtomy naturaldesiretoclearmyself.

Myexaminerwasalternatelykind andstern,butevenwheninthelatter moodhewasnotguiltyofanyworse incivilitiesthanslaps,mildkicksand accusationsoflying.Myreputation forcandourwas,Ifound,calledin questionowingtothefactthatIhad neverrevealedmyskillinsportsmanship,althoughfourlargesilvercups (thechalicesinthesacristyofmy church)wereeloquenttestimonyofit!

Thedailyexaminationsceasedfora wholeweekattheNewYearandwere concludedintheirfirstphaseearlyin thethirdmonth.AfterthatIwas informedthatmyfriendswerebeing calledupforexaminationaboutme, andIwasleftinmycellwiththeconsolingcompanionshipofaBreviary,a Bible,andacompleteone-volume Shakespeare.Bookshadnotbeenallowedmeduringmyearlystagesofexamination.Inspiteofbooks,the weeksofsolitudeoftenseemedastrain onthenerves,andduringonewhole weekatiredheadcompelledmetodo nothingalldaybutphysicaljerks.

Whenmyexaminationrecommenced theywereconductedbyaJudge(by nameNeda),apupilofthefamousCatholicProfessorofLaw,Dr.Tanaka,of theImperialUniversity.Itwashintedtomethatmycasewouldprobably notinvolveaformaltrial,thoughI wasalarmed,oncewhentheJudge askedmehowIthoughtmyhealth wouldstandayear'simprisonment.

TheJudge'sexaminationwasconcludedwithinaweek,andthenIwaitedtwoweeksmore,wonderingwhen Ishouldhearmyfateandwhatitwas likelytobe.

OnApril7,afteradayofquiteunusualdepressionofspirits(almostfor thefirsttimeIfeltunabletoidealise mysituationeveninthelightofFaith) IwassentforbytheJudgeandtold Iwouldbeliberatedthatday.

ThateveningIwasledhometomy Pre,bvterv,nowoccupiedbyaJapanesepriest,tobeinternedthereashis guestforthenextfourmonths.I wasimmenselyhappyandquiteproud ofhavinggrownawhitebeardwhich Iwasfoolishenoughtoshaveoffafter twodays.Duringmyinternmentat homeIwasallowedtwohoursofwalkingonnearbyroads,mychiefneedas wehadhadonlytenminutesdailyin theyardoftheprison.Iwasableto sayMassagain,andthoughnotallowed tovisitorinvitefriends,Icouldre-

ceivealairnumberofuninvitedguests. Myparishionersoverwhelmedmewith kindgifts,somymealswereabundant. Iwasprofoundlysaddenedbythe newsthattheHolySeehadordered allAmericanandBritishprieststo leaveJapan.ButforsometimeI hopedagainsthopethathisorder wouldnotfinallybeinsistedupon.

Ishallneverforgetthekindnessof myJapanesefriendsduringthoselast months.TheApostolicDelegate(Mgr. Marellawasalsoamongmyfirstvisitors,andbeforeleavingIreceiveda visitfromtheJapaneseArchbishop. \[gr.Doi,whothankedmeformywork inJapanandassuredmethatIwasto considermyselfParishPriestofmyold parish,17Nishi-Koyama,assoonas peacewasrestored.

Ihavebeenprofoundlysaddenedby thesufferingsofotherfriendsandacquaintances,butonthewholeIthink Ihavebeenverylucky,andnotvery badlytreated.Inspiteoftheinexcusableconductofsomeamongthem,I retainmyaffectionfortheJapanese people,amongwhomIknowmenwho areasnoblecharactersasanyIhave evermet.ButwhileIrealisethat JapanifChristianisedcanexercisea mostbeneficialinfluence.Iamalso awarethatatriumphantandcontentedlyPaganJapanmightproveadan. gertoChristendomwhichcanhardly beexaggerated.Iaminclinedtoremainanoptimist,however,andIprefertoclosethisarticlewithoutenteringuponadiscussionthenatureof whichmustbelargelypoliticaland whichcanbedealtwithfarmorecompetentlybyotherwriters.

Sendalongthoseattractivestory booksthatyouhavenowdiscarded. TheJuvenileSectionoftheCentralCatholicLibrarywillappreciatethem,

THE Bushies'Corner

DearCornerite,Thepurplevestmentswhichthepriestwillwearat MassonSundaywillremindusthat thepenitentialseasonofLentisapproaching.AndLentthisyearwill addarealmeaningtotheword"austerity"ofwhichwehaveheardsucha lotinthepastfewmonths.Austeritymeanslivingahard,simplelife: andwhenthisisdoneoutofpatriotism,i.e.,fortheloveofAustralia,it isanoblenaturalvirtue.Butwhen similarthingsaredoneoutoflovefor ChristOurLord,then,ofcourse,the virtueanditsrewardsaresupernatural.

Thisisamatterofgreatimportance-tospiritualiseourevery-dayactions,andbyunitingthemwithOur Lord'sintentionstogivethemsupernaturalworthandmerit.Itisvery easilydone,andmostsimplybyfidelitytothepracticeoftheMorningOffering.Evenshouldweforgetoccasionally,thesituationisstillsavedby ourhavingavirtualintention.

ButifweneversaytheMorningOfferingitmaybethatourlivesare largelywasted,andthoseordinary every-dayactionswhichshouldhelp tosanctifyuscarryonlyanatural meritandanaturalreward.Thisis notgoodenoughforCatholics,because ourreligionisaboveallelseareligion ofmotives.RememberwhatSt.Paul advised:"Whetheryoueatordrink, orwhateverelseyoudo,doallforthe gloryofGod."Everyactionofour livesshouldbedoneinunionwith ChristOurLord,andyouwillnotice thatalltheprayersoftheChurchhave thesameending:throughChristOur Lord.

AsapreparationforLent,then,I heartilyrecommendtoCorneritesthe practiceofsayingdailyandfervently theMorningOffering.Forifweget accustomedtoreferringourordinary actionstoGod,weshallnotfindittoo difficulttoconsecratetheextrademendsoftheLentenSeasontoHim also. AUNTBESSY.

* *

DearAuntBessy,-Kindlyfindenclosed5s.Acceptthisinhonourof OurLadyofLourdesforaspecial intention.

AWELL-WISHER

DearWell-Wisher,-Itisavery happythoughttomakeavotiveofferingtoOurLadyofLourdes.forthat apparitionandthattitlemarkhervery -speciallyastheBountifulMother.At thatFrenchshrineofhers,evenwhere physicalhealingisnotgranted,abundantgracesarepouredout.Sheis indeedMediatrixofallGraces.Many thanksforyourgift.IhopeOur Ladywillgrantyour-intention. AUNTBESSY.

* * *

DearMr.Joyce,-Yourcontribution of5s.wasplacedtotheBusbies'credit,asyoudirected,andwasacknowledgedlastweek.Iwassosorrywe -HelpusbuildupagreatChildren's Library.Don'tletthesilverfisheat uppagesofthatcharmingstorybook youhavefinishedwith.Senditin totheCentralCatholicLibrary,38 Pier-street,Perth.

couldnotobtainthebookyouwanted. Butthewarhasdeprivedusailoflots ofthings.SolongastheBushies don'tsufferweshouldallbereadyto acceptsacrificescheerfully,shouldn't we?Manythanksforyourhelp.

AUNTBESSY.

* * * * Guildford.

DearAuntBessy,-Iamsending 2/6fortheLemonadeBottle,inhonourofthe"LittleFlower,"fromwhom Ihopetoobtainafavour.Wishing youeverysuccess.

MOLLYMALONE.

DearMollyMalone,-Manythanks ii,ryouroffering.Iamdelighted thatyoualsoareapatronoftheholy Carmelite,andifonecanjudgebythe experienceofotherCornerites,you willcertainlyobtainyourfavourif yourdispositionsarerightandyour requestacceptabletoGod'sWill.

AUNTBESSY

* * *

DearAuntBessy,-Enclosedplease findSs,tohelpalongyourgoodCause. Itissentinthanksgivingforafavour receivedthroughthe"LittleFlower." GRATEFUL.

DearGrateful,-Morestrengthto yourarmforyourremembranceof theBushies.The"LittleFlower"is agreatfavouritewithCornerites,and tojudgefromthemany'thanks"offeringsforfavoursreceived,theshower ofgracepetalsmustbefallingthick andfast.Asco-patronwithSt. FrancisXavierofAustraliaandof allmissioncountries,mayshehelpthe Bushies'Causeyetmore. AUNTBESSY.

LemonadeBottle

TheMostInterestingLawCourtintheWorld-

.

TheSacredRomanRota

ChieflyConcernedWithProblemsofMarriage

S.J.monsserveduponthedefendant(personallyorbypublication),returnof summons,entryofappearanceincourt, agreedstatementsoffact,joinderof Whetherbecauseofitshistoryorissue,summoningandswearingof itsmystery,theSacredRomanRotawitnessesandtakingoftestimony, isoneofthemostinterestinglawhearingsuponincidentalquestions,incourtsintheworld.Oflateyears themysterygenerallyconnectedwith ithastendedtodissolve,becauseit restsontwodiminishingfactors,the nebulosityofcanonlawandthedifficultiesofLatin.TheCodeofCanon Lawisnowontheeveofitssilver Jubilee,twenty-fouryearsold.(When shallweceasetocallitthe"New Code?")Itdefinesclearly the Rota'sjurisdiction.True,notonly thedecisionsofthisfamoustribunal butitsveryconstitutionandorganic lawareinLatin.ButclericalstudentsnowtakeLatinintheirstride; andaslegallanguageitisunsurpassed.

Occasionally,too,theRotahasmade HeadlinesintheAmericanpress.The casesinvolvingthemarriagesofAnna GouldwithCountBonideCastellane (decidedin1915),ofConsueloVanderbiltwiththeDukeofMarlborough 19261,ofSignorMarconiwithBeatriceO'Brien(1927)attractedattention inAmerica,andtheRotacameinfor criticismanddefence.Americanmagazinessuchas"Fortune"(September, 19391and"Newsweek'(April28,1941; October19,1942)havementionedit Inarticlesthatwerenotillinformed. Thelatestflashofinterestisthenews thattheVaticanhasauthorisedthe ApostolicDelegateintheUnited Statestodesignatematrimonialcourts inthatcountrywhichshallexercise,in part,theappellatejurisdictioninmarriagecaseswhichnormallybelongto theRota.

WhatistheRotaOneofthetribunalsoftheChurch,aregularcourt ofjustice;and,assuch,ithasvery muchincommonwiththeEnglishand Americancourtswithwhichweare familiar,thoughtherearenotabledifferences.Ithas,atpresent,twelve 7udgesthenumberisleftindeterminatebythelatest"Normae"of 1934).Thesearecalled"Auditores" Orhearers,areappointedbytheSupremePontiff,andmusthaveatleast thedoctorateinbothCanonandCivil Law.Theyareautomaticallyretired 'emeriti"atseventy.Seniorityin theCollegeofAuditorsisaccording topriorityofappointment.TheRota hasaclerk,notaries,bailiffs,court .iessengers,withdutiesroughlyanalagoustothoseofsuchofficersinAmericancourts.Twoofitsofficialsare peculiartoecclesiasticaltribunals:the PromoterofJustice,asortofpublic solicitorgeneralorcommonwealthattorney,andtheDefenderoftheBond, whohasspecialpowersandmustinterveneinallcaseswherethevalidity ofthebondofmarriageorofsacred ordersisinissue.

Eventheprocedurehassomere' semblancetothatofourcourts.There areapetitionbytheplaintiff,sum-

Doyouwishtohelpeducateapriest forworkinWesternAustralia?Make aregularannualcontributiontohelp anindigentstudent.

terlocutorydecrees,provisionforexpertwitnessesandforjudicialinspection(e.g.ofpremisesinaboundary dispute)and,finally,adefinitivejudgment.

Therearetaxesandjudicialexpenses,andanauthoritativescheduleof fees(adoptedin1939)forattorneys andproctors.Theseexpensesarenot extraordinaryhigh,andprovisionis madeforreducingorcancellingthem altogetherinthecaseofpoorlitigants, whocanalso,uponpetitionandhearing,obtainthefavourof'gratuitum patrocinium,"thatis,thefreeservices ofanadvocateapprovedbytheCourt. Thereisnojury,andnocross-examinationofwitnessesinopencourt,asin Americancourtorjurytrials.But thetruth-siftingfunctionofcrossexaminationisserved,atleastinpart, bythepreparedlistofinterrogatories whichcanbeputtothewitnesses.

Thename"Rota"isnotuniqueto thistribunal.Thereare,orhave been,other"Rotas"inFlorence, Genoa,Bologna;andtheSpanish Rota,establishedbyClementXIV,in 1771,functioned,atleastuntilafew yearsago,asanecclesiasticalcourtof appealundertheauthorityofthe ApostolicNuncioofMadrid.Thebest opinion,orguess,astotheoriginof thenamederivesitfromthewheellikerotatingbook-caseinwhichbooks anddocumentswerekeptforquid: consultation.Thenamemayalso havebeensuggestedbytherotation ofthejudgeswho,forthehearingof successivecases,areselectedinboards ofthreewhichconstantlychangein personnelbecausechosenaccordingto aningenious,prescribedschemeofrotation.Eachsuchboardiscalleda "Turnus."Somecases,however,requiretobeheardbytheentireCollege.

TheRotaisnotexclusivelyamatrimonialcourt.Ithasheardsuch casesasdisputesupontrustagreementsbetweenecclesiasticalcorporations,orsuitsuponacontractto. whichaBishopisaparty;butithas nojurisdictiontoreviewtheadministrativedecreesmadebyBishopsin thegovernmentoftheirdiocesesthesearesubjecttoreviewbythe competentRomanCongregation.About eighty-fivepercent.ofitscases, however,aremarriagecasesinwhich theissueis:"Anconstatdematrimoniinullitateincasu"-Isthenullityofthismarriagelegallyproved?

Whatisthedifferencebetweena petitionforadeclarationofnullity andasuitfordivorce? Avery radicalone.Divorcepurportstodissolvethebondofavalidmarriage;a suitfornullityissustainedonlyby provingthatsuchabondwasnever validlycontracted,thattheso-called marriagewasnull.

Thereasonsforthenullityofmarriagemayfallunderanyofthree heads.Thefirstiswantofthere

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quiredformofsolemnity;forexample,ifoneofthepartiesisaCatholicandthemarriage,nevertheless,took placeonlybeforeacivilofficerornonCatholicminister.Suchamarriage isnullandvoid,andnotevenjudicial procedureisrequiredtoproveitso; thenullityinthiscasecanbedeclared extrajudiciallyupontheauthorityof theOrdinaryofthePlace.Thesecondcommongroundofnullityisa dirimentimpedimentexistingatthe timeofthemarriage,fromwhichno dispensationwasobtained;forexample.abaptisedCatholicmarriedan unbaptisedpersonorarelativewithin theforbiddendegreeswithoutadispensation.Ofthesecases,somerequirefulljudicialprocess,othersmay bedecidedsummarilyuponproof whichismadeirrefutablebyauthenticdocuments.Thethirdclassconsistsofthoseinwhichthemarriageis nullbecauseofsomedefectofconsent. Thesealwaysrequirefulljudicialprocess,anditiscasesofthistypethat havebroughttheRotaintothelimelightinrecentyears.

AlthoughtheRotahassomeoriginal jurisdictionandisnotexclusivelyan appellatecourt,thegreatmajorityof itscasesaremarriagecasesappealed fromthejudgmentofdiocesantribunals.Whathappens,whenasuit isbroughtinadiocesancourtforthe nullityofamarriage,isthis:thecase isheardanddecidedbythediocesan courtaccordingtorulesofsubstantive lawandofprocedurewhicharecontainedintheCodeandininstructions oftheHolySee.Ifthefinaljudgmentofthiscourtoffirstinstancedeclaresthatthenullityofthemarriage isproved,thediocesanDefenderof theBondmustappealthecasewithin tendays.eventhoughtheDefender himselfmaybefullyconvincedofthe

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justiceofthedecision.Thisappeal maygototheRotaasthecourtof secondinstance,butitrarelydoes. Normallythecourtofsecondinstance forappealsfromadiocesancourtis themetropolitancourtoftheProvince, or,ifthecasecomesfromthemetropolitancourt,thecourtofappealis oneofthediocesancourtswhichhas beenpreviouslychosenbytheArchbishoptohearallcasesonappeal fromhiscourt.

Twoconcordantjudgmentsofnullity arethusrequiredbeforeavalidmarriagemaybecontracted.But,even fromthesecondjudgment,afurther appealmaybetakenbyeitherparty orbytheDefenderoftheBond.This wouldnormallygototheRotaasthe courtofthirdinstance,buttherecent facultygrantedtotheApostolicDelegatepermitshimtodesignateametropolitancourtintheUnitedStates tohearsuchappeals.

Perhapsthemostinterestingcaseto illustratetheprinciplesandpractice oftheRotaisthatofAnnaGould. Hermarriagewasattackedonthe groundthat,asaProtestant,shebelievedinthedissolubilityofmarriage bydivorce,andhenceconsentedonly toadissolublemarriage,whichisno marriageatall.Butitissettledlaw thatameregeneralattitudefavouring divorcedoesnotimpairtheconsentactuallygiveninmarriage.Itwas thereforenecessarytoprovethatshe hadexpresslylimitedherconsentby reservingtherighttodivorce;and uponthisissueoffacttheRotasifted theevidencethreetimes(1911,1913. 1915)andfounditinconclusive.The Catholicparty,CountBonideCastellane,withalltheresourcesathisdisposal.hasfailedtoimpugnsuccessfully thematrimonialconsentonthepart ofhisProtestantwife.

WhatExcavationinVaticanSub-SoilRevealed

HolyFatherDrawsAttentiontoNewLight ShedonApostolicTimes

Preoccupationwitheventsofthewar nasobscuredthereferencesmadeby thePopeinhisworldbroadcastonthe occasionofhisjubilee,totheresults ofrecentexcavationsinthesub-soilof theVaticanBasilica.Thematter, however,isofimmenseinteresttoCatholicstheworldover.

Theseexcavations,whilenotyet quitecompleted,"donotfail:'saysHis Holiness,"tocastnewandabundant light_onthoseearlytimesinwhich /heGospeloftheCrossbegantoresoundandtobefirmlyestablishedwith allitssublimeattractionsonRoman andtheyiaim;Churchsetitself toascendthethornyandbloodypath ofthecenturies-ViaDolorosa-which wastobringit,underConstantine,to peacefultriumph."

2.TheRomantraditionwasalways thatConstantinetheGreatbuilthis BasilicawhereSt.Peter'snowstands, notbecauseitwastheeasiestsiteon whichtobuild,butitwasthesiteof thepagancemeteryinwhichSt.Peter hadbeenburied.

HisHolinesspointsoutthatthese placeswerevenerableanddearevento paganRomeandtomanyfamilies.He findsinthosemagnificentremains whicharenowunveiledtousthemost convincingproofthattheEmperor couldandmustnothavebeenfollow ingreasonsofconvenienceinchoosing asiteforhisBasilica,butthatthe sitewasimposeduponhimbythe factthatherewasplacedthetombof theApostle.

Withtheguidanceofsuchcriteria andtheaidofacomparativestudy

*ConfirmatoryEvidenceoftheLife andDeathofSt.PeterinRome

tine,thedevotionofthefaithfulhad endowedwiththecharacterofavenerableplaceofcult.Thisisshown bythe'graffiti'whicharetobeseen withinthemonumentononewall, showingthesameformasthosewhich indicatethetombsofthemartyrsin theChristiancemeteries.

"These'graffiti,'whichbringusback tothedaysofpersecution,provideus historicalcertaintythatwehavehere the'trophaeum'spokenofbythepriest Gaius,about200A.D.injubilantterms andreportedbyEusebius:'Icanshow youthemonumentsoftheApostles.'

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DidSt.PeterliveanddieinRome? Whatmakesthisquestionsoimportant isthat,whiletheacceptanceofother historicalfacts,suchastheconquests ofAlexandertheGreat,theRoman EmpireunderAugustus,involvesno acceptanceofamoralandreligious codeoflife,theacceptancebyCatholicsofthelifeanddeathofPeterin Romeinvolvesthesuccessionofall thePopesinthePrimacyofChrist's Church,withitsconsequentacceptance ofPopePiusXIIastheVicarofChrist. Nowtherecentexcavationsofwhich HisHolinessspokegivevaluableconfirmatoryevidenceofthelifeand deathofSt.PeterintheEternalCity. Hereistheevidenceinbrief,assummarisedbyRev.M.J.Ahern,S.J.,in arecentbroadcastfromanIrishradio station.

1.TheRomantraditionhasalways beenthatthetombofSt.Peterlay beneaththesurfaceofapaganceretery.Well,theremainsofjustsuch acemeteryhavebeenfoundbeneath St.Peter's.Itisalargecemetery, withmanymonumentsdatingfromthe firstcentury.

oftherelevantsources,itwasnotdifficulttounearththeancientsemi-circularconfessionalgoingbackperhapsto thetimeofGregorytheGreat,onthe marblewallsofwhich,fromthebeginningoftheMiddleAges,countless pilgrimscuttheSignoftheCrossas amemorialoftheirvisit.

SincelastSeptemberover1,500coins, ancientandmedieval,havebeenfound. Theseshowthatthosepiouspilgrim° cameingreatnumbersnotonlyfrom RomeandItalybut,onemaysay,from everypartofthethenknownworld. France,especially,wasrepresentedby thecoinsofitsArchbishops,Bishops andAbbots,itsKings,Dukes,Counts, Viscdunts,andLords:thenGermany, theLowCountries,Switzerland,England,Spain,Bohemia,Livonia,Hungary,Slavonia,andtheLatinEast.

ThustheHolyFatherspeaksof them:

"Butinthecentralsection,where oneabovetheothertherearisethree altarsofdifferentperiods,thetireless zealoftheinvestigatorshasfounda monument,simpleinitsform,but which,longbeforethetimeofConstan

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AspectsofFrenchNorthAfrica *France'sWisdominColonialGovernment

FrenchNorthAfricaconsistsof Tunisia,AlgeriaandMorocco.Once secureinourhands,troopsandsupplieswouldbeaccumulatedforafutureinvasionofEurope.Whenthis hadbeendone,anarmywouldbeferriedacrosstheMediterranean,toselectedplaces,overacomparatively shortsearoute.Thefirststepisto secureallofNorthAfrica.

Algeriaisthemostimportantofthe Frenchterritories,havingnearly8,000,000people,andnearly20,000square miles,excludingthevastdesertinter-

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ior.TheFrenchfirstmovedintoAlgeriain1830.Theyhavemadea marvellousdevelopment.Itwasnearlyalldesertwhentheyarrived,althoughinRomantimesithadbeen coveredwithfarms.Andnowitis oncemorecoveredwithfarms-amost fertilelandwherewheat,barley,cottonandfruitsaboundandwhere flocksandherdsareplentiful.Roads andrailroadstraversethecountry;the peopleareeducated,generallyspeakingexcellentFrench,besidestheirown tongues.Mineralsarefoundinthe mountainsandcommercehasbeen expanding.Nativechiefsruleover theirownpeople,Algiers,thecapital, hasanexcellentport,andthecityhas alltheimprovementsofmoderntimes.

FrancehasnotbeeninMoroccofor long.Thelastsectionwasbrought underFrenchruleonlysometenyears ago.It,too,hassome6,000,000people,ruledbyaSultan,andanareaof about220,000squaremiles.Tunishas only42,000squaremiles,andabout 9500,000people,andisruledbya Bey.

FrancehasdevelopedherAfrican Empirewithlittleinterferencewith nativecustoms.Thenativeslive undertheirownlawsandchieftains. TheMohammedanreligion,towhich thevastmajorityofthenativesbelongisprotected-thiseventothe extentthatCatholicmissionshave beenfrownedupon.Catholicchurchesandmissionsdoabound,butconvertsarefew.Three-fourthsofthe nativesarebyraceBerbers,ordescendantsoftheancientNumidians; theremainderaremostlyArabs.

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Inallthreecountries,thegreater partofthepeople,andthecities,are inacoastalbelt,calledtheTell,and whichisfrom50to100mileswide.It isveryfertile,andhasanequableclimate.

Afewyearsago,AlgeriaandTunis startedrevoltstosecuretheirindependence.TheylikedtheFrench,and admittedthedebtduethemforcivilisingtheircountries,butthetimehad comewhentheywantedtoruletheir owncountries.Theserevoltsbroke down,whenitbecameapparentthat, iftheydroppedtheFrench,Germany orItalywouldtakethem.Theymade noefforttotakeadvantageofFrance's

defeatin1940toagitateagainforindependence.

Itremainstobeseenwhattheattitudeofthenativeswillbe.nowthat theyareconfrontedwiththepresence ofAmericantroopsintheirmidst.