The Record Newspaper 19 November 1942

StrasserandaSovietSecond FrontAgainstJapan

Thefollowingarticle.writtenbyDr. OttoStrasser,appearedinthe-Catholic Herald"ofMay.Amostcompetent observerwithanintimateknowledgeof theGermanpsychologyandofEuropeanpoliticsasawhole,Dr.Strasser illuminatestheconfusedandconfusing controversyoverthe"SecondFront":

*

DuringtheGermanspringseason, themostdisturbingfeatureofthe worldsituationliesinthefactthat theAlliednationshavenotbeenable toachieveaunitedwarwhereasthe AxisPowershave.

Itwillberecalledthat,timedalmost toaday,theJapanesestrucklastDecemberastheGermandrivewentinto reversebeforetheRussiancounteroffensive.Now,fivemonthsafterthe expansionofthewartothePacific, thesituationremains:theAxisPowers haveonewarwhosemajordrives threatentomergeinthesub-continent ofIndia;enhancingtheirpossibilities ofsuccessisaparalysingpolitical crisiswhichholdsIndiainitsgrip evenwhiletheJapanesepoundatits easterngateway,anditswesternapproachesarethreatenedbytheimpendingNazioffensive.

MeanwhiletheAlliesarefighting twowars:theoneagainstHitler,in whichtheyareunited:theotheragainstJapan,inwhichtheyarenotunited. Inmyopinionthisunfortunatesituationcanbetraceddirectlytoeventsorlackofevents-inthenarrow watersoftheFarEastwhichseparate theJapanesehomelandfromSiberia.

HowDifferentitMightHaveBeen

Onehasonlytoreflectforamoment torealisehowdifferentwouldhave beenthecourseofeventsifJapanhad beenforcedtouseapercentageofher troopsalongtheSiberian-Manchukuo border.Or,moreimportantstill,if hervulnerableharboursandindustrial centreshadbeenbombedandherlong seacommunicationsharassed.

Itiscommonknowledge,forexample,thattheSovietsubmarinefleet inSiberianharboursisoneofthelargest,andquitepossiblyoneofthemost

Hitlercanonlywinifhe dictatespeaceinLondon orWashington...

parent.Aglanceatthemapofthe Russianfrontto-dayrevealsthatninetenthsofSovietterritoryoverrunby theNazisisstillinHitler'scontrol, whilethelineofkey-points,stretching fromthenorthtothesouth-Schluesselburg,StarayaRussa,Rzhev,Vyazma,Orel,Kursk,KarhkovandTaganrog,nottomentionSmolensk,Kiev andOdessa-arestillinGerman hands.

Thepastfourmonthshavenetted theRussiansatacticalsuccesswhile revealingastrategicalfailure.

Hecanonlywinifheconquersthe BritishIslesorcutsthelife-lineacross theAtlantic,

effective,intheworld.IfweconsidertheresiftsofNaziU-blotwarfarealongtheAmericancoastduring thepastfewmonths,wecanwellimaginewhatatollofJapan's2-000merchantshipswouldnowberestingon thebottom.

Further,thelackofco-operationin PacificwarfarehashamperedtheeffectivenessoftheChineseArmywhich canbestworkinagiantpincermovement,withChiangKai-shek'sforces driving'eastward,thennorthward, fromtheirbatteredcapitalofChungking,whiletheRussianforcesattackedinthenorth.

TheRussianCase,

Naturally,theRussianshavehad plausibleargumentsfornotopeningap anotherfrontintheFarEast,and duringthewintermonths,thoseinclinedtodisagreecoulddolittlemore thanwaitforeventstosubstantiate theirdisagreement.

ChiangKai-shek,thesouthernjaw ofagiantpincer.

ThecentralthemeofMoscow'argumentwasthatallRedforcesmustbe concentratedinthewinter-offensive whichwoulddealadecisiveblowto Hitler;afterhisdefeat,itwouldbe acomparativelyeasymattertofinishofftheJaps.Dangerousassuch argumentsforanisolatedvictoryalwaysareinacommonwar,theirvalidityrestssolelyonresultsalreadyap-

Moreover,theresultsofRussia'smistakenstrategyinnonco-operating withtheotherAlliednationsagainst Japandonotendthere,formeanwhile,givenafreehand,theJapanese havedrivensouthwardforsuccesses fornutofproportiontotheirreal strength.

(IfrecentreportsthatJapanismassingtroopsforaSiberiandriveare accurate,theyarebutfurthersupport forthisreasoning.Forhowmuch moreeasily,andmoreeffectively, couldRussiahavecopedwiththeBar Easternsituationifshehadacted whentheBritishwerestillinHongKong,theAmericansincontrolofthe Philippines,andalltheEastIndies" resourcesintact!)

Hitler'siOnlyChanceofVictory.

Butinconsideringthepossibilities ofNazisuccess,againwemustnot losesightofonefact,aboveall others:Hitlercanwinthiswaronly ifheconquerstheBritishIslesor cutsthelife-lineacrosstheAtlantic. Allothervictories,importantas theymayhe,cannotbedecisive.

Eventscontinuetostrengthenwhat haslongbeenmyconviction,thatthe (ContinuedonPage12,)

adioeplies

Hitler

isNetaCatholic

thoughBornofCatholicParents

uehrerlongagorenouncedtheChurch

WHYHEISNOTEX-COMMUNICATED PopeNotanItalianSubject ThePre-AdamTheory

ofsuchapenaltymaymovehimto repentanceButwhenamandeclaresthathenolongerhasanyfaith intheChurch,thathehasabandoned CommunionwiththeChurch,andis nolongeramemberofit,thereis neithersensenoruseinsentencing himtoanexilehehasalreadychosen.

POWEROFPREJUDICE.

Apostate!

"Britisher,"SummerHill:

Q.:Wouldyoukindlyreadthisletter overtheair,withoutomittim;anything?

R.:I'mafraidyouhavemistaken thenatureofthissession.Iofferto giveinformationonreligiousand moraltopicstothosewhodesirethat information.Idonotoffertoput thissessionatthedisposaloflisteners whodesiretogivetheirviewsonanythingandeverythingtothepublic. However,yourlettervoicessomepopularmisconceptionswhichneedclearingup,soIwilldealwithit-asone Britishertoanother.

Q.:HitlerisaRomanCatholic.

R.:HitlerisnotaRomanCatholic. HewasbornofCatholicparents;but longbeforehecametopowerhehad renouncedtheCatholicreligion,both inbeliefandpractice.HehasrepudiatedandabandonedtheCatholic Church,declaringhimselfitsenemy. Hitlerwouldasindignantlyrejectthe suggestionthatheisaCatholicas MartinLutherwouldhaverejected thesuggestionthathewasstilla CatholicafterhehadlefttheCatholicChurchandcommencedtheProtestantrevolt.

SELF-EXCOMMUNICATED.

Q.:HitlerhasnotbeenexcommunicatedfromtheChurchofRomefor certainoffencesagainstthePapacy,whichIhereunderenumerate. R.:Hitlerhasexcommunicatedhimself.ThereisnoneedfortheChurch toexcommunicateonewhodeclares thathenolongerbelongstoit.Ifa manwhoisguiltyofscandalousteachingorconductstillpubliclyprofesses tobeaCatholic,theChurchwillde. mandthatheceasegivingsuchscandalunderpenaltyofbeingdisowned bytheChurchandexcommunicated frommembershipoftheChurch.If hestillhasfaithintheChurch,and desiresstilltobelongtoit,thethreat

Q.:Ifoneweretosuggestcollusion betweenthePopeandHitler,he wouldbescornedbyaminormajorityofthepublic,whohavenever takenthetroubletolookbehindthe "blind... R:Youcanthavea"minormajority.-Youcanhaveeitheraminorityoramajurity.Andcertainly themajorityofsensiblepeoplewould scorntheideaofcollusionbetween thePopeandHitler.Ifyouclaim thatyouhavelooked"behindthe blind,"and,therefore,knowdifferently,Imustaskyoubehindwhatblind didyoupeep,andwhetheryouwere soberatthetime,orblinddrunkwith prejudice?Themostdangerousform ofdrunkennessisnotalcoholic,but thatofpreconceivedideas.Menare iinebriated,:drunk,withhatred,prejudice,falsephilosophies,politicalbias, religiousbigotry,andathousandand onelikesanddislikesthatwarpthe judgment,Andthesuggestionyou wouldliketomakeof.collusionbetweenthePopeandHitleristhatof amaninthemental"D.T.'s."

THEGREATCONSPIRACY!

Q.:Hitlerimprisonedandexecuted thousandsofRomanCatholicsin Germany.HesmashedtheConcordatGermanysignedwiththeVaticanfortheprotectionofthereligiousrightsofCatholics.HeviolatedPapaldoctrine,andsetupa StateChurch.Butalltheseactionsweremerelydesignedtothrow usofftheanti-BritishcollusionbetweenthePopeandHitler.

R.:Youhaveanextraordinaryimagination!JustpicturethePopesayingtoHitler,"Now,Adolf,wemusn't letanyoneguessatouranti-British plot.So,justasablind,you'dbetter settoworkandmassacretheCatholics inGermany.Grantthemnoreligiousrights.Showtheworldthat youhavenorespectwhateverforthe ConcordatyousignedwiththeVatican.RepudiateCatholicdoctrine, andsetupaStateChurchinoppositiontotheChurchIrepresent-and

Hibernian

thennoonewillguessthatwearerealivincollusion!"Ifyoucannotsee theutterfollyofsuchasuggestion,I canonlydeclareyourprejudiceincurable.

PAPALSUPREMACY.

Q.:WhyshouldthePope,whoisan Italian,bethementalmasterof thousandsofAustralians?

R.:Heisnotthementalmasterof thousandsofAustralians,norofthe millionsofCatholicsofallnations throughouttheworld.Innon-religiousmatters,Catholicsmaythinkas theyplease,Inreligiousmatters,all Catholics,includingthePopehimself, anddowntotheleastCatholicchild, aresubjecttothedoctrinesofChrist aspreservedandexplainedinthegreat bodyofCatholicdoctrinehandeddown throughtheagesundertheprotecting influenceoftheHolySpirit.Christ isthementalmasterofallCatholics inspiritualandreligiousmatters.And thePopeisasobligedtoacceptand submittoCatholicteachingasany otherCatholic.ThePopecan'tinvent doctrinesofhisown,orimposehisown ideasonCatholics.Heisthereto seethatCatholicdoctrieeismaintainedinviolateasithasbeenhanded downtousfromChristandtheApostles.Youhaveanaltogetherwrong, ideaofthedutiesandpowersofthe Pope.

Pre-AdamTheory

JHarvey,Rockdale:

Q.:IsitcorrectthattheVaticanCouncilin1870condemnedthePre-Adam Theory,guidedbytheBiblicalquotation,"Therewasnotamantotill thesoil?"Myauthorityisthe "AustralianSundayVisitor."

RThatisnotquitecorrect.One ofthedoctrinespreparedfordefinition bytheVaticanCouncilwasthatdeclaringthewholeofthehumanrace tobedescendedfromAdam.But theCouncilwasproroguedbeforethat mattercameupfordiscussion,and A

AMENTALBREAKDOWN.

Q.:WeareatwarwithItaly.

R.:Thathasnothingtodowiththe Pope.HeisnotanItaliansubject, andisquiteindependentofItaly-a factacknowledgedbytheBritishand allotherGovernments.

Q.:ThepresentPopewasformany yearsthePapalrepresentativein Germany, R.:Hewas.Andheunderstood GermanyasGermanyunderstoodhim. Anditissignificantthattheoneman thepoliticalleadersofGermanydid notwanttobeelectedPopeonthe deathofPiusXI,wasCardinalPacelli, whilsttheonlypubliclyvoiceddisapprovalwhenhewaschosencamefrom Germany.Now,therestofyourletterdegeneratesintosuchimbecility thatitisscarcelyworthdiscussing. YoudeclarethattheCatholicChurch isthegreatestFascistorganisationin theworld;thatsheregardsthedemocraciesasherworstenemies;that hersubjectsareallengagedinantiBritishactivities,andthatherone aimistogaintemporalcontrolofthe wholeworldbyfairmeansorfoul. ForthoughtslikethoseIcanonlyprescribetwoaspirinseverytwohours untilthesymptomsdisappear,the treatmenttoberesumedthemoment theythreatentorecur.

thesubjectwasleftinabeyance.However,itistheteachingofScripture andofallCatholictheologiansthat thewholehumanraceisderivedfrom Adam,NoCatholicisfreetohold thePre-AdamTheorywhichmaintainedthathumanbeingsexistedbefore Adam,andthattheGentilesaredescendedfromthoseearlierhuman beings,whilsttheJewsaredescended fromAdam,whowasspeciallycreated byGodtobegintheJewishrace.It wasaCalvinistnamedDelaPeyrere whofirstpropoundedthattheory.

Buthehimselfabandoneditasfalse, andIknowofnoonewhoseriously holdsitto-day.OneScripturetext quotedagainstthetheoryisthatof Genesis,whichsaysthatbeforeAdam therewasnotamanfoundtotillthe soil.Butadditionalgroundsare foundinthedoctrineoftheNewTestamentthatChrist,thesecondAdam, cametorepairtheworkofthefirst Adam,makingredemptionpossiblefor thewholehumanraceasAdamhad ruinedthewholehumanrace.The doctrineofthefallandoftheredemptiondemandsthederivationof thewholeofhumanityfromAdam.

* * * *

AGEOFHUMANITY.

Q.:DoestheCatholicChurchrecogniseAdamandEveasthefirstman andwomancreatedbyGod?

RYes.

Q.:Accordingtothegenealogyof AdaminGenesis,thisdatesbackapproximately6,000years.Isthat so?

R..No.ItisnotpossibletocalculatefromtheBiblehowlongagoAdam lived.TheBibledoesnotpretendto giveascientificchronology,nordoes itrecordconsecutivegenerationsin strictanddetailedcontinuity.CalculationsbasedontheBiblicalrecord werenevermorethanguesswork,and wereneverpartoftheChristianFaith.

Q.:Archaeologistsdifferastothe firstappearanceofmanonthis earth.Someplaceitat50,000years ago;othersat20,000;andyetothers at15,000.Inyourbook,"Radio Replies,"youplaceitat10,000years ago.Isthiscorrect?

R.:Itistruethatscientistsvaryin theirproblematicalestimates.In mybook,"RadioReplies,"Isaythat manhaspossiblybeenonthisearth between10,000and20,000years,addingthatnoonecansaywithcertainty justhowlongagothefirstmanwas created.

CAIN'SWIFE.

Q.:AfterCainslewAbel,hewentoff tothelandofNodandtookawife. Howdoyouexplainthis?

R.:Theexpression"landofNodmerelymeans"intoexile."Cain's wifewasalsoadescendantofAdam andEve,probablyasisterofCain.

Q.;TheBiblementionsCainandAbel onlyasthefirst-bornsonsofAdam andave.

R.:Youarethinkingoftherefer enceinthefourthchapterofGenesis. InthefollowingchaptertheBible mentionsothersonsanddaughters borntoourfirstparents.

Q.:Itisrathernauseatingtothink thattheracewasmultipliedbyCain marrying#isownsister,anexplangitionaCatholicfriendgavemerecently.

R.:Thatisthenormaloutlookunder thepresentconditionsofthehuman race,Thenaturalmorallawitself forbidssuchrelationsbetweenbrothers andsisters.Butlawswhicharenormalnowneednothavebeeninforce whenconditionswereabnormal.Specialconditionsnaturallyprevailedin suchspecialcircumstancesasthebeginningofanewraceofbeingson theearth.GodHimselfcreatedtwo humanbeingsandcommandedthem toincreaseandmultiply.Theonly possibilitywasbytheintermarriageof theirchildren.AndGodpermitted thissolongasitwasnecessary,preservingthefirstgenerationsbyHis specialprovidencefromtheevilsusuallyassociatedfromcloseintermarriage.Ourpresentfeelingsonthis subjectarenoindicationastowhat wasfeltbythefirsthumanbeingsin abnormalandprimitivetimes.But itiscertainthatwhatwaspermissiblethenisnotpermissiblenowthat suchanecessitynolongerexists.The naturalmorallawwouldforbidit.

TheEthicsofWar

"InterestedListener,"Pymble:

Q.:Inthe"SermonontheMount," Christsaid,"Resistnotevil"

R.:AsIexplainedrecently,Christ wasnottheregivingalawliterallyapplicabletoallparticularcases,He waslayingdownageneralprinciple opposedtopersonaldispositionsofillwill,hatred.andvindictiveness,

Q.:AtHisowntrialbeforePilate,He wasstrangelysilent,contentingHimselfwithsayingthatHewas,indeed, aKing,althoughHisKingdomwas notofthisworld.

R.:Thatmustbeunderstoodinthe lightofHisownspecialmissionasRedeemerofmankind.Hisdisciples, thoughbenefitingbyHisredemptive work,andbelongingspirituallytothe other-worldlykingdomofChrist,must yetcontinuetoliveinthisworldfulfillingalltheirordinarydutiesascitizens.Asamatteroffact,Christians havetoliveintwokingdomsatonce, thekingdomofGodandtheearthly kingdomtowhichtheybelongwhilst stillinthislife.Andnorealduty ofcitizenshipisexcludedbyone's spiritualallegiancetoChrist.Rather, civicdutiesareperfectedbythehighermotivesoftheloveofGodinculcatedbyChrist.

CHRISTANDTHETYRANT.

Q.:Again,althoughPalestinewastindertheheelofaconqueror,Headvisedpeopletopaythetributeto Rome.

R.:Ifweconsiderthesettingand occasionofthosewords,wefindthat thequestioninthemindofthePhariseeswaswhethertheJews,asthe chosenpeopleofGod,wereexempt fromacknowledginganyearthlysovereignty.AndOurLord'sreplyreally meant,"Fulfilthedutiesofyourearthlycitizenshipandalsoyourreligious dutiestoGod."Inotherwords,He declaredthatcivicandreligiousdu-

bathappointedmejudge,ordivider, overyou?"Hedidnotsaythatthe man'sclaimwasunjust..Hemerely declaredthematteroutsidethescope ofHismission,andtobesettledby otherandordinaryhumanmeans.That therewerehigherthingsthanthatHe stressedbysaying,"Aman'slifeclothnotconsistintheabundanceofthings whichHepossesseth."

APPLICATION,OFPRINCIPLES

Q.:Now,thequestionarises.How oughtwetointerprettheteaching andexampleofJesus?

R.:Wehavetodistinguishbetween thosethingswhichwerepropertbHis ownparticularandlaeisonaliWscion, andthosethingsWhichareiiritrAdap plicabletous.Inthethingsthatare applicabletous,wehavill'toiriaskin whatway,andtowhatextent.For themostpart,theteachingandexampleofChristsetbeforeusgeneralprincipleswhichweourselveshavetoreducetopracticeinourdailylivesao, cordingtocircumstances.

Q.:WhatisthedutyofaChristian whenitcomestoapplyingtheteachingandexampleofChristtotheproblemsofeverydaylife,andmoreespeciallyatthepresenttime?

R.:Thatcanonlybedecidedin eachcase'aseachcasepresentsitself. Thesolutionofeachindividualcase willnotbefoundintheGospels.It isforustofindasolutioninharmony withtheirprinciples.Now,youproceedtoaskmanypracticalquestions, andinansweringthemIwillnothave timetogiveallthereasonsforeach answer.Icanbutaskyoutosubmitthemforfurtherdiscussion.The answersthatappealtoyoutherewill benoneedtodiscuss.

* 'CHRISTIANSASCOMBATANTS.

Q.:Isitrighttodrawtheswordin ordertoresisttheaggressionofan invader?

R.:Yes,ifnojustcausewasgiven forsuchanaggression,Ifourown injusticeweretodrawsuchanaggressionuponus,thenitisobviously ourdutytorectifytheinjusticeinsteadoffightingtomaintainit,Mit ifwghavenotbeenguiltyofaninjustice'deservingtheaggression,thereis nothingintheGospelsforbiddingus totakeup-iirmsinourowndefence.

Q.:Ifnot,oughtaChristiantoserve asacombatantinthemilitary forces?

R.:IfaChristianknowsforcertain thathis'owncountry'scauseisunjust,heoughtnottovolunteerto serveinthemilitaryforces.Buta greatdiikultyariseshere.Forthe averagecitizenhaslittlehopeofknowingforcertainalltheinsandoutsof natithialandinternationalentanglementsto-day;andintheabsenceof certainty,itwouldbehisdutytoobey thelawfulauthoritiesofhiscountry, leavingthemoralresponsibilityto them.Andevenwerehepersonally convincedthathiscountry'scauseis unjust,whilstinthatcaseheshould notvolunteer,hewouldbejustifiedin servingasacombatantifcompelled byconscriptionunderthreatofsevere penaltiestodoso.Manyethicalprinciples,whichIcannotexplairrat lengthhere,areinvolvedinthisreply.

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tiesarenotincompatible.Healtogetherabstractsfromthequestionas towhethertheRomanshadacquireda justandlegitimatedominionover Palestine,andwereindeeditslawful rulers.ItmaybeinferedthatOur LordrecognisedtheRomansasthe "defacto"oractualrulers,apartfrom thequestionofjuridicalrights,and thatitwasadutytofulfilwhatwas requiredforgoodorderuntilhappier conditionscouldbebroughtabout. Butwiththetemporalaffairsofthe countryHewasnotconcerned.He discussedthematteronahigherplane altogether,insistingthat,whateverthe politicalconditions,thepeoplewere stilltorendertoGodthethingsthat areGod's.Andcertainly,atthe time,Romantolerancegrantedthe' Jewseveryfreedomtopractisetheir religion. * * *

REBELLIONREFUSED.

Q.:Hesteadfastlyrefusedtoallow Himselftobecomealeaderofarebellion,muchastheJewswould havelikedtoacclaimHimasthedelivereroftheircountryinapolitical sense.Hismissionwasofadifferentcharacter, R.:Yourlastwordsarereallythe keytotherightinterpretationofHis attitude.Hesimplyhadnotcome torectifyearthlyconditionsandestablishtheindependenceoftheJewsin thisworld.ButbecauseHisparticularmissionabstractedfromthetemporalaffairsofthenation,itdoesnot Cities followthatHisdisciplesareeateptedfromtheirordinarycivic withinthenation.Ononeoccasion, inthetemporalconcernsofanindividual,Hesimplyignoredtheissue,and drewtheattentionoflistenerstotheir highereternalinterests.Amansaid toHim,"Master,speaktomybrother thathedividetheinheritancewith me."ButChristreplied,"Man,who

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Buthehimselfabandoneditasfalse, andIknowofnoonewhoseriously holdsitto-day.OneScripturetext quotedagainstthetheoryisthatof Genesis,whichsaysthatbeforeAdam therewasnotamanfoundtotillthe soil.Butadditionalgroundsare foundinthedoctrineoftheNewTestamentthatChrist,thesecondAdam, cametorepairtheworkofthefirst Adam,makingredemptionpossiblefor thewholehumanraceasAdamhad ruinedthewholehumanrace.The doctrineofthefallandoftheredemptiondemandsthederivationof thewholeofhumanityfromAdam. * * *

AGEOFHUMANITY,

Q.:DoestheCatholicChurchrecogniseAdamandEveasthefirstman andwomancreatedbyGod?

RYes

Q.:Accordingtothegenealogyof AdaminGenesis,thisdatesbackapproximately6,000years.Isthat so?

R..No.ItisnotpossibletocalculatefromtheBiblehowlongagoAdam lived.TheBibledoesnotpretendto giveascientificchronology,nordoes itrecordconsecutivegenerationsin strictanddetailedcontinuity.CalculationsbasedontheBiblicalrecord werenevermorethanguesswork,and wereneverpartoftheChristianFaith.

Q.:Archaeologistsdifferastothe firstappearanceofmanonthis earth.Someplaceitat50,000years ago;othersat20,000;andyetothers at15,000.Inyourbook,-Radio Replies,"youplaceitat10,000years ago.Isthiscorrect?

R.:Itistruethatscientistsvaryin theirproblematicalestimates.In myhook,"RadioReplies,"Isaythat manhaspossiblybeenonthisearth between10,000and20,000years,addingthatnoonecansaywithcertainty justhowlongagothefirstmanwas created.

CAIN'SWIFE.

Q.:AfterCainslewAbel,hewentoff tothelandofNodandtookawife. Howdoyouexplainthis?

R.:Theexpression-landofNod merelymeans"intoexile."Cain's wifewasalsoadescendantofAdam andEve,probablyasisterofCain.

Q.:TheBiblementionsCainandAbel onlyasthefirst-bornsonsofAdam andlye.

R.:YouarethinkingofthereferenceinthefourthchapterofGenesis. InthefollowingchaptertheBible mentionsothersonsanddaughters borntoourfirstparents.

Q.:Itisrathernauseatingtothink thattheracewasmultipliedbyCain marryinghisownsister,anexplanationaCatholicfriendgavemerecently.

12.:Thatisthenormaloutlookunder thepresentconditionsofthehuman race,Thenaturalmorallawitself forbidssuchrelationsbetweenbrothers andsisters.Butlawswhicharenormalnowneednothavebeeninforce whenconditionswereabnormal.Specialconditionsnaturallyprevailedin suchspecialcircumstancesasthebeginningofanewraceofbeingson theearth.GodHimselfcreatedtwo humanbeingsandcommandedthem toincreaseandmultiply.Theonly possibilitywasbytheintermarriageof theirchildren.AndGodpermitted thissolongasitwasnecessary,preservingthefirstgenerationsbyHis specialprovidencefromtheevilsusuallyassociatedfromcloseintermarriage.Ourpresentfeelingsonthis subjectarenoindicationastowhat wasfeltbythefirsthumanbeingsin abnormalandprimitivetimes.But itiscertainthatwhatwaspermissiblethenisnotpermissiblenowthat suchanecessitynolongerexists.The naturalmorallawwouldforbidit.

TheEthicsofWar

"InterestedListener,'Pymble:

Q.:Inthe''SermonontheMount," Christsaid,"Resistnotevil."

R.:AsIexplainedrecently,Christ wasnottheregivingalawliterallyapplicabletoallparticularcases,He waslayingdownageneralprinciple opposedtopersonaldispositionsofillwill,hatred,andvindictiveness.

Q.:AtHisowntrialbeforePilate,He wasstrangelysilent,contentingHimselfwithsayingthatHewas,indeed, aKing,althoughHisKingdomwas notofthisworld.

R.:Thatmustheunderstoodinthe lightofHisownspecialmissionasRedeemerofmankind.Hisdisciples, thoughbenefitingbyHisredemptive work,andbelongingspirituallytothe other-worldlykingdomofChrist,must yetcontinuetoliveinthisworldfulfillingalltheirordinarydutiesascitizens.Asamatteroffact,Christians havetoliveintwokingdomsatonce, thekingdomofGodandtheearthly kingdomtowhichtheybelow::whilst stillinthislife.Andnorealduty ofcitizenshipisexcludedbyone's spiritualallegiancetoChrist.Rather, civicdutiesareperfectedbythehighermotivesoftheloveofGodinculcatedbyChrist. * * * *

CHRISTANDTHETYRANT.

Q.:Again,althoughPalestinewasizin dertheheelofaconqueror,Headvisedpeopletopaythetributeto Rome.

R.:Ifweconsiderthesettingand occasionofthosewords,wefindthat thequestioninthemindofthePhariseeswaswhethertheJews,asthe chosenpeopleofGod,wereexempt fromacknowledginganyearthlysovereignty.AndOurLord'sreplyreally meant,"Fulfilthedutiesofyourearthlycitizenshipandalsoyourreligious dutiestoGod."Inotherwords,He declaredthatcivicandreligiousdu-

hathappointedmejudge,ordivider, overyou?"Hedidnotsaythatthe man'sclaimwasunjust..Hemerely declaredthematteroutsidethescope ofHismission,andtobesettledby otherandordinaryhumanmeans.That therewerehigherthingsthanthatHe stressedbysaying,"Aman'slifedoth notconsistintheabundanceofthings whichHepossesseth.-

APPLICATIONOFPRINCIPLES

Q.:Now,thequestionarises.Row oughtwetointerprettheteaching andexampleofJesus?

R.:Wehavetodistinguishbetween thosethingswhichwerepropertoHis ownparticularandpersonalmission, andthosethingswhichareindeedapplicabletous.Inthethingsthatarc applicabletous,wehavei'to---tiskin whatway,andtowhatextent.For themostpart,theteachingandexampleofChristsetbeforeusgeneralprincipleswhichweourselveshavetoreducetopracticeinourdailylivesas cordingtocircumstances.

Q.:WhatisthedutyofaChristian whenitcomestoapplyingtheteachingandexampleofChristtotheproblemsofeverydaylife,andmoreespeciallyatthepresenttime?

R.:Thatcanonlybedecidedin eachcaseaseachcasepresentsitself. Thesolutionofeachindividualcase willnotbefoundintheGospels.It isforustofindasolutioninharmony withtheirprinciples.Now,youproceedtoaskmanypracticalquestions, andinansweringthemIwillnothave timetogiveallthereasonsforeach answer.Icanbutaskyoutosubmitthemforfurtherdiscussion.The answersthatappealtoyoutherewill henoneedto discuss.

* *

CHRISTIANSASCOMBATANTS.

Q.:Isitrighttodrawtheswordin ordertoresisttheaggressionofan invader?

R.:Yes,ifnojustcausewasgiven forsuchanaggression,Ifourown injusticeweretodrawsuchanaggressionuponus,thenitisobviously teirdutytorectifytheinjusticeinsteadoffightingtomaintainit,But ifwehavenotbeenguiltyofaninjusticedeservingtheaggression,thereis nothingintheGospelsforbiddingus totakeuparmsinourowndefence.

Q.:Ifnot,oughtaChristiantoserve asacombatantinthemilitary forces?

R.:IfaChristianknowsforcertain thathisowncountry'scauseisunjust,heoughtnottovolunteerto serveinthemilitaryforces.Buta greatdifficultyariseshere.Forthe averagecitizenhaslittlehopeofknowingforcertainalltheinsandoutsof nationalandinternationalentanglementsto-day;andintheabsenceof certainty,itwouldbehisdutytoobey thelawfulauthoritiesofhiscountry, leavingthemoralresponsibilityto them.Andevenwerehepersonally convincedthathiscountry'scauseis unjust,whilstinthatcaseheshould notvolunteer,hewouldbejustifiedin servingasacombatantifcompelled byconscriptionunderthreatofsevere penaltiestodoso.Manyethicalprinciples,whichIcannotexplainat lengthhere.areinvolvedinthisreply.

Girlsseekinginformationaboutthe CatholicGirls'Movementshouldring B8972,orcallinattheClubRooms duringlunch-hourorofanevening.

.141,0.004.414,04.04.4.11,00404,00114P.I.M.414.4.4.

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titsarenutincompatible.Healtogetherabstractsfromthequestionas towhethertheRomanshadacquireda justandlegitimatedominionover Palestine,andwereindeeditslawful rulers.ItmaybeinferedthatOur LordrecognisedtheRomansasthe "defat-to"oractualrulers,apartfrom thequestionofjuridicalrights,and thatitwasadutytofulfilwhatwas requiredforgoodorderuntilhappier conditionscouldhebroughtabout. Butwiththetemporalaffairsofthe countryHewasnotconcerned.He discussedthematteronahigherplane altogether,insistingthat,whateverthe politicalconditions,thepeoplewere stilltorendertoGodthethingsthat areGod's,Andcertainly,atthe time,Romantolerancegrantedthe Jewseveryfreedomtopractisetheir religion.

REBELLIONREFUSED.

Q.:Hesteadfastlyrefusedtoallow Himselftobecomealeaderofarebellion,muchastheJewswould havelikedtoacclaimHimasthedelivereroftheircountryinapolitical sense.Hismissionwasofadifferentcharacter.

R.:Yourlastwordsarereallythe keytotherightinterpretationofHis attitude.Hesimplyhadnotcome torectifyearthlyconditionsandestablishtheindependenceoftheJewsin thisworld.ButbecauseHisparticularmissionabstractedfromthetemporalaffairsofthenation,itdoesnot followthatHisdisciplesareexemptedfromtheirordinarycivicduties withinthenation.Ononeoccasion, inthetemporalconcernsofanindividual,Hesimplyignoredtheissue,and drewtheattentionoflistenerstotheir highereternalinterests.Amansaid toHim,"Master,speaktomybrother thathedividetheinheritancewith me."ButChristreplied,"Man,who

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YouMustNot'Swing'

PlainChant!

(Apparentlyotherpeoplehavetheir difficultiesintheintroductionandretainingofliturgicalpracticeinthe singingoftheChurch'smusic.We haveourtroubles,butitwouldseem thatinAmericatheyhavespecialones oftheirown.Thefollowingarticleby EugeneA.Dooley,O.MI,,J.C.D.,appearedinthe"HomileticandPastoral Review,"undertheheading"YouMust Not'Swing'PlainChant!''A.L.)

Touristswhopass'seminariesand monasteriesontheirtripsmustoften beimpressedrathergloomilybythe drabandseverearchitecturallinesof suchedifices.Thetypicalseminary builtintheearlydaysofthecentury isnotasighttopleaseorcharmthe eye.Themainrequisitesinthose dayswerearoof,fourwallsandmyriad rooms!Manyanaestheticshudderis perfectlyunderstandable.

Atthesametimeitiswelltorememberthatitisthepeoplewhomakethe spiritofaplace,andnotmerelythe buildings.TheusualAmericanscholasticatesandseminariesarethehomes ofthousandsofbright-eyedAmerican boyswhohavebroughtwiththemall thetraitsofvivaciousandred-blooded Americanyouth.Theirsoutanesmay reflecttheage-oldappearanceofthe MiddleAges,buttheireyesand mannersdenotenothingexceptthe progressive,twentieth-centuryviewpointonlife.

Perhapsnowhereisthisreflectedbetterthanintheclassesofmusicand plainchant.Theprofessorofmusic receiveshisyearlycontributionofa scoreofwide-eyedboys,mostofwhom knowlittleofmusicexceptwhatthey havelearnedinahighschoolbandor inacollegegleeclub.Thechoirmastermayhavehighidealsandaims, butheusuallyreceivestherawestof materialtomould.Youngmenwhose voiceswereintheautumnalhabitof cheering"fordearoldRutgers"must becheckedup,toneddown,softened andmodulated,sothattherewillbe reallysometruthinthePsalmthatpromisestoraise"sweetsongstothe Lord."Itiseasytohaveachoir. Themerepostingofaregulationupon aseminarybulletinboardisenoughto compelthepresenceofagoodlyclass ofsingers;butifthereisadesireto haveagroupthatisreally"dulcisonans,"thenmanyanhourofworkmust follow.

Theradiohasbroughtalltypesof musicintoAmericanhomes,andit wouldbefutiletodenythat"swing music"hashadnoinfluenceonour youth.Justasitproducesacropof jitterbugs,soalsodoesitproducea definitementalattitudetowardsall song,whetherancientormodern. Boyswhohavechantedthepraiseof theirAlmaMatertotheslightlysticky andmaudlinchordsofbarbershopharmonyarenotaversetoattempting thesameharmony-in-thirdsonthe hymnsandpsalmsofthe"Liber Usualis."Morethanonechoirmaster hasbeenstartledtohearcloseharmonychantedbysomeventuresome seminarianwho"triestoputalittle pep"intothesolemncadencesofplain song.ThathappenedonaGoodFri-

.

Theclashbetweenorthodoxy and"devotion"stillpersists

daynotlongago,whensomeanonymousladproceededtoweaveintothe "PopuleMeus"afascinatingandastonishinglyaccuratecounter-melody. Palestrinamaynothaveturnedinhis grave,butatleasthesatuptolisten!

Itwasclever-butnotliturgical.

Itiseasytounderstandatypical Americanboy'sapproachtotheplain chanttheoties.Footballgameshave introducedhimtothesteadybeatof themarchingsongofhisschool,andhe associatesthissteadyandrigorousbeat withallmusic.Intonality,hispurposeandtheoryhavebeenexpression, ratherthanrepression.Heisnottoo carefultoavoid"portamento,"becausehehasbeentaughtbytheradio

Palestrina-satuptolisten!

thatmoaningcroonersareAmerica's gifttomusic.

Whenateachercankeepsuchspontaneityinhisstudents,retainingand harnessingthenaturalloveofmusic, hecanhaveachoirthatwillbeas goodasanythinganywhere.Wasit notPopePiusXIwhosaidthat,if musicwereapartofeachday'swork, soonitwouldbeapleasureandnota burden?Hewasnotutteringanyplatitudethere,becausemusicstillhas itssweetlysolemnpowertobrighten anylifeandwork.

Allthiscannotbedoneinthefirst month,oreveninthefirstyear.The goodLordmustsmileeachyearasHe hearsthenewseminariansworkout theirvigourandenthusiasmonplain chant."CantateDominocanticum novum,"takesonadeepermeaning, especiallyintheword"new,"because voicesthatareunfamiliarwiththe nuancesoftheold-timechantcanadd lugubriousandcomicaltouchestothe melodies.

TheAmericanboyseesinhisplain chantbookastaffoffourlines,insteadoftheordinaryoneoffive lines. Thenotesaresquareordiamond-shap-

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ed,insteadofround.Thereisno mathematicallyexactmeasure,either, becausethereisnoprecisemusical beat.Thevoicepartfollowsthemelody,ratherthanthebeat,Sucha variationfromtheusualstyleofmodernsongsetsthestageforacadence andaflowingstyleofsongthatisnot atallfamiliar,especiallytoAmerican ladswhohaveneverhearditslike. Somenotesreceivean"ictus"oradded intensityoftone,andnewcomersto plainchantusuallygivethemsucha thumpandabumpthattheyeven laughatthemselves.

Alittlepracticetakesthisboisterousnessaway,andbeforelongtheboys arefollowingthesweepofthechoirmaster'shandashemarksthecadence intheuniquestylepropertothechant, Theymaynotknowallthetechnical namesforthenotesandthearrangements,butitisquitecertainthatall ofthemsoonknowthe"quilisma,"a setupofnotesthatresemblesanaccenteddottedquarter,atleastinthe beginning.Therearemanywhoutter thenot-too-humbleboastthatnoone cansinga"quilisma"betterthanAmericanstudents.Theygiveitverve andintensity! And0theorganists!Yearbyyear theydecreaseinnumber.Canned musicontheradioseemstosatisfy mostpeople,andsurprisinglyfewboys learntobecomeproducersoftheirown music.Mostareonlylisteners.It isapity,too,becausemusiciansalwaysseemtogetmorepleasureoutof lifethanordinaryfolk.Someonehas definedatypicalchurchorganistas "anoldladywithonefootinthe grave,andtheotherfootonthe Swellpedal."Evenseminarieshave organistswhotrytocoverupmistakes inthebassbyproducingamassive volumeoftoneinthetreble,sothat discordswillbedrownedintheseaof \harmony.Americanladsseemtoinclinetowardsflashyrighthands,with patheticlefthandsthatfakethebass parts.Andanotherthing:achoirmasterintheseAmericanseminaries

mustnevertakehiseyesandmind offtheyoungseminarianwhoplaysthe organ,either.Ifhedoes,theladis likelytoplay"TheIndianLoveCall" orthe"MelodyinF"atsomereverent andsolemnmoment!

Theclashbetweenorthodoxyand "devotion"appearsregularly.One daytheleaderswillsingsuchahymn as"0MotherIcouldweepformirth," anditwilltakemorethanamereprofessortoconvincethemthatthistype ofhymnisnotfitforchurchpresentation.Gentleandkindlysoulswho havelovedthesehymnssincechildhooddayswillsneerbenignlyatliturgicallawsthatrelegatesuchwordsand melodiestotheschoolroomorthemuseum.Thesegoodsoulsmakethe issueveryclear,too:"Whatrighthas anyonetostatethathishymnisnot proper?Isn'titbeautiful?Isn'tit devotional?Isn'tittouching?"

Onceapersonadmitsthatdevotion andfancyarethetestsofagood hymn,heisboundbytheinevitable consequencesthatflowfromhisprinciples,Themistakecomes,ofcourse, inadmittingthatitistheonlyproper test.Itisgoodtohavedevotion,but itisdangeroustohavepoorrulesor norulestokeepitwithinitsright bounds.Wemusthavezeal,butit mustbe"accordingtoknowledge,"as boththesailmakerfromTarsusand theBishopofHippostatedrather clearly,

Itishardtobringhometosomedevoutsouls,eveninseminaries,that theChurchdesiresonlyaspecialkind ofmusicsungwithinitswalls.The rulesarenottoorigid,either,but thereisfirmness,justthesame.Undeniably,thereisaplethoraofgood musicwhichsatisfiestheearsof aestheteswithoutsatisfyingthecanons ofgoodliturgy.TheChurchisready toadmit(forinstance)that"APerfectDay"and"ToaWildRose"are bothbeautifulcompositions;atthe sametimeandinthesamebreaththe Churchalsoaddsthatthesepiecesare

(ContinuedonPage13.)

YouMustNot'Swing'

PlainChant!

(Apparentlyotherpeoplehavetheir difficultiesintheintroductionandretainingofliturgicalpracticeinthe singingatheChurch'smusic.We haveourtroubles,butitwouldseem thatinAmericatheyhavespecialones oftheirown.Thefollowingarticleby EugeneA,Dooley,O.M.I,,J.C.D.,appearedinthe"HomileticandPastoral Review,"undertheheading"YouMust Not'Swing'PlainChant!"AL.

Touristswhopass'seminariesand monasteriesontheirtripsmustoften beimpressedrathergloomilybythe drabandseverearchitecturallinesof suchedifices.Thetypicalseminars' builtintheearly(laysofthecentury isnotasighttopleaseorcharmthe eye.Themainrequisitesinthose dayswerearoof,fourwallsandmyriad rooms!Manyanaestheticshudderis perfectlyunderstandable.

Atthesametimeitiswelltorememberthatitisthepeoplewhomakethe spiritofaplace,andnotmerelythe buildings.TheusualAmericanscholasticatesandseminariesarethehomes ofthousandsofbright-eyedAmerican boyswhohavebroughtwiththemall thetraitsofvivaciousandred-blooded Americanyouth.Theirsoutanesmay reflecttheage-oldappearanceofthe MiddleAges,buttheireyesandtheir mannersdenotenothingexceptthe progressive.twentieth-centuryviewpointonlife.

Perhapsnowhereisthisreflectedbetterthanintheclassesofmusicand plainchant.Theprofessorofmusic receiveshisyearlycontributionofa scoreofwide-eyedboys,mostofwhom knowlittleofmusicexceptwhatthey havelearnedinahighschoolbandor inacollegegleeclub.Thechoirmastermayhavehighidealsandaims, butheusuallyreceivestherawestof materialtomould.Youngmenwhose voiceswereintheautumnalhabitof cheering"fordearoldRutgers"must becheckedup,toneddown,softened andmodulated,sothattherewillbe reallysometruthinthePsalmthatpromisestoraise"sweetsongstothe Lord."Itiseasytohaveachoir. Themerepostingofaregulationupon aseminarybulletinboardisenoughto compelthepresenceofagoodlyclass ofsingers;hutifthereisadesireto haveagroupthatisreally"duleisonans,"thenmanyanhourofworkmust follow.

Theradiohasbroughtalltypesof musicintoAmericanhomes,andit wouldbefutiletodenythat"swing music"hashadnoinfluenceonour youth.Justasitproducesacropof jitterbugs,snalsodoesitproducea definitementalattitudetowardsall song,whetherancientormodern. Boyswhohavechantedthepraiseof theirAlmaMatertotheslightlysticky andmaudlinchordsofbarbershopharmonyarenotaversetoattempting thesameharmony-in-thirdsonthe hymnsandpsalmsofthe"Liber Usualis."Morethanonechoirmaster hasbeenstartledtohearcloseharmonychantedbysomeventuresome seminarianwho"triestoputalittle pep'.intothesolemncadencesofplain song.Thathappenedona(1,,odFri-

.

Theclashbetweenorthodoxy and"devotion"stillpersists

day a-4.).whensomeanonymousladproceededtoweaveintothe PoptileMews"afascinatingandastonishinglyat-curatecounter-melody. Palestrinamaynothaveturnedinhis grave,butatleasthesatuptolisten! Itwasclever-butnotliturgical.

Itiseasytounderstandatypical Americanboy'sapproachtotheplain chanttheoriesFootballgameshave introducer!himtothesteadyheatof themarchingsongofhisschool,andhe associatesthissteadyandrigorousbeat withallmusic.Intonality,hispurposeandtheoryhavebeenexpression, ratherthanrepression.lieisnottoo carefultoavoid"portainento,'becausehehasbeentaughtbytheradio

Palestrina-satuptolisten!

thatmoaningtrainersareAmerica's gifttomusic.

Whenateachercankeepsuchspontaneityinhisstudents,retainingand harnessingthenaturalloveofmusic, hecanhaveachoirthatwillbeas goodasanythinganywhere.Wasit notPopePiusX1whosaidthat,if musicwereapartofeachday'swork, soonitwouldbeapleasureandnota burden?Hewasnotutteringany platitudethere.becausemusicstillhas itssweetlysolemnpowertobrighten anylifeandwork.

Allthiscannotbedoneinthefirst Month,oreveninthefirstyear.The goodLordmustsmileeachyearasHe hearsthenewseminariansworkout their'ieturandenthusiasmonplain chant."CantateDominoc'anticum novum,"takesonadeepermeaning, especiallyintheword"new,"because voicesthatareunfamiliarwiththe nuancesoftheold-timechantcanadd lugubriousandcomicaltouchestothe melodies.

TheAmericanboyseesinhisplain chantbookastaffoffourlines,in steadoftheordinaryoneoffivelines Thenotesaresquareordiamond-shag

PEERLESSBREADMANUFACTURERS

145FITZGERALDSTREET,PERTH.

OurMotto:"QUALITYandSERVICE."

Specialties-VIENNABREADandROLLS. 'Phone:B1041.

ed,insteadofround.Thereisno mathematicallyexactmeasure,either, becausethereisnoprecisemusical beat.Thevoicepartfollowsthemelody,ratherthanthebeat,Sucha variationfromtheusualstyleofmodernsongsetsthestageforacadence andaflowingstyleofsungthatisnot atallfamiliar,especiallytoAmerican ladswhohaveneverhearditslike. Somenotesreceivean"ictus"oradded intensityoftone,andnewcomersto plainchantusuallygivethemsucha thumpandabumpthattheyeven laughatthemselves.

Alittlepracticetakesthisboister ousnessaway,andbeforelongtheboys arefollowingthesweepofthechoirmaster'shandashemarksthecadence oftheuniquestylepropertothechant, heymaynotknowallthetechnical namesforthenotesandthearrangements,butitisquitecertainthatall ofthemsoonknowthe"quilisma," setupofnotesthatresemblesanac,enteddottedquarter,atleastinthe beginning.Therearemanywhoutter thenot-too-humbleboastthatnoone cansinga"quilisma"betterthanAmericanstudents.Theygiveitverve andintensity! And0theorganists!Yearbyyear theydecreaseinnumber.tanned musicontheradioseemstosatisfy mostpeople,andsurprisinglyfewboys learntobecomeproducersoftheirown music.Mostareonlylisteners.It isapity,too,becausemusiciansalwaysseemtogetmorepleasureoutof lifethanordinaryfolk.Someonehas definedatypicalchurchorganistas "anoldladywithonefootinthe grave,andtheotherfootonthe Swellpedal."Evenseminarieshave organistswhotrytocoverupmistakes inthebassbyproducingamassive volumeoftoneinthetreble,sothat discordswillbedrownedintheseaof harmony.Americanladsseemtoinclinetowardsflashyrighthands,with patheticlefthandsthatfakethebass parts.Andanotherthing:achoirmasterintheseAmericanseminaries

mustnevertakehiseyesandmind offtheyoungseminarianwhoplaysthe organ,either.Ifhedoes,theladis likelytoplay"TheIndianLoveCall" orthe"Mel.clyinF"atsomereverent andsolemnmoment!

Theclashbetweenorthodoxyand "devotion"appearsregularly.One claytheleaderswillsingsuchahymn as"0MotherIcouldweepformirth," anditwilltakemorethanamereprofessortoconvincethemthatthistype ofhymnisnotfitforchurchpresentation.Gentleandkindlysoulswho havelovedthesehymnssincechildhooddayswillsneerbenignlyatliturgicallawsthatrelegatesuchwordsand melodiestotheschoolroomorthemuseum.Thesegoodsoulsmakethe issueveryclear,too:"Whatrighthas anyonetostatethathishymnisnot proper?Isn'titbeautiful?Isn'tit devotional?Isn'tittouching?"

()neeapersonadmitsthatdevotion andfancyarethetestsofagood hymn,heisboundbytheinevitable consequencesthatflowfromhisprinciples,Themistakecomes,ofcourse, inadmittingthatitistheonlyproper test.Itisgoodtohavedevotion,but itisdangeroustohavepoorrulesor norulestokeepitwithinitsright bounds.Wemusthavezeal,butit mustbe"accordingtoknowledge,"as boththesailmakerfromTarsusand theBishopofHippostatedrather clearly,

Itishardtobringhometosomedevoutsouls,eveninseminaries,that theChurchdesiresonlyaspecialkind ofmusicsungwithinitswalls.The rulesarenottoorigid,either,but thereisfirmness,justthesame.Undeniably,thereisaplethoraofgood musicwhichsatisfiestheearsof aestheteswithoutsatisfyingthecanons ofgoodliturgy.TheChurchisready toadmit(forinstance)that"APerfectDay"and"ToaWildRose"are bothbeautifulcompositions;atthe sametimeandinthesamebreaththe Churchalsoaddsthatthesepiecesare

(ContinuedonPage13.1

GiveJapanNoRest

FarEastWarTheatreisNoSideShow

011Vof ."Sendingallwehaveto EuropeandtoRussia'

Withgreatrapidity,infinitecunning, andsurpassinggreedJapanisnowreinforcingherpositioninthePhilippines,inIndo-China,inSiam,in Malaya,andintheNetherlandsEast Indies.Alreadysheisbeginningto gatherinprofitfromthevastareas shehasconqueredsincelastDecember,andifsheisleftinundisturbed possessionofthoserichlandsforan otheryearthewarwillbeindefinitely prolonged,andthecostofblastingher outoftherichzoneswillmounttoincredibleheightsinlivesandtreasure

ThereismuchargumentintheUnitedStatesthesedays,andevenconsiderablepropaganda,someofitofdubiousorigin,urgingthatallofour growingmightbedevotedto"humblingHitlerfirst,"or"all-outaidto Russia'Thetheoryisproffered,and supportedbymanyafallacy,that n.eGe.manyhasbeendefeated, panwillhavetofolduphertents andgohome.Butthosewhosupport histhesisseemnevertohaveconsidL.edthestrongprobabilitythatJapan d.dnotattackthedemocracieslastDeemberincompliancewithpleasor ordersfromBerlin,butthatsheacted withcalculatedcraftandentirelyin herownself-interest.

ItismorethanprobablethatJapan's simultaneousattackuponAmerican, British,andNetherlandsoutpostsin theFarPacificwasamovetakenin thenatureofinsuranceagainstapossibleGermandefeat.JapandoubtlessdoesnotexpectGermanytobe beaten,butneitherdoesthemanwho takesoutfireinsuranceexpecthis hometoburndown.

AslateasDecembersixthoflast year,Japan'sstrategicpositioninEast Asiawasvulnerableanddangerous, andherreservesoffueloilandgasolinewereperilouslylow.Onthat dateherfarthestadvancesouthward wasFrenchIndo-China,andshewas encircledbypotentialenemies,We heldthePhilippinestotheeastof Indo-China;theDutchheldtheIndiestothesouth;BritainwasentrenchedinSingapore,Malaya,and Burmatothesouthandwest;and China,tothenorthwest,wasgaining strength.Japan'stotalreservesof oilandgasolinedidnotexceed60,000,000barrels,uponwhichshewasmakinginroadsof35,000,000barrelsayear. Herownproductionwaslessthan 5,000,000barrelsayear.

Thusprecariouslyplaced,Japanwas forcedbyherownperiltostrikesouthwardwithallthestrengthshecould muster.Shecouldnotriskremaining inactivewhereshewas,forhadHitler metdefeatwhilethatstrategicsituationcontinuedunchangedintheFar Pacific,Japanwouldhavebeenhopelesslyplaced.Thereforeshestruck southward-hard.Shesucceededrapidlyandcompletely,andto-dayisso stronglysituatedinandadjacentto southeastAsia,thatsheneednotbe toogreatlyconcernedoverGermany's

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12Months:

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ultimatfate.Ifsheisleftinundisturbedpossessionofhernewlyconqueredterritoriesfortwelvetoeighteenmonthsmoreherpowermaywell double.

JustasGermanyisreorganisingthe industrialandeconomiclifeofmuch ofEuropesothatalmostallofthat continentisworkingfortheThird Reich,soisJapanreorganisingthe occupiedprovincesofChina,andall thelandsandarchipelagossouthward toworkfortheenhancement,wealth, andpoweroftheEmpire.Thosenewlyconqueredareashaveacombined nativepopulationofmorethan270,000,000;andtothisstupendoustotal mustbeaddedthe70,000,000inhabitantsofJapanproper,the35,000,000 peopleofManchuria,the24,000,000 Koreans,thepeoplesofFormosa,and otherlessimportantareas.CollectivelyJapanto-dayactuallyrulesmore than400,000,000humanbeings,whichis one-fifthofthepopulationofthe globe!

AtpresentJapanesesoldiersare poisedonthefrontiersofIndia,a ountrywhosepopulationisgreater thanthatofalltheterritoryrecently conqueredbytheNipponese.IfIndia weretofalltothesoldiersoftheMikado,theJapanesewouldruleanempirewhoseextent,population,andresourceswouldstaggertheimagination.

Thiscalculationincludesthepeoples ofJapan,Korea,Manchuria,occupied ChinaPhilippines,FrenchIndoChina,NetherlandsEastIndies,Siam, Burma,Malaya,andFormosa,andthe mandatedPacificislands.

AndJapanisdoingmorethanimposeaharshmilitaryruleuponthose peoples.Sheisworkingthemhard. Sheisnotcontentmerelywiththe militaryoccupationofkeycities,railways,harbours,andairdromes.From occupiedChinasheisobtainingvast quantitiesofcoalandironandvariousfoods.FromIndo-Chinaand Siamsheobtainsmorericethanshe needsforherarmiesabroadandto makeupthelaginhomeproduction duetothedrainingofpeasantsintoher militaryservicesandarmamentfactories,

AtPenangtheBritishdidnotdestroythetinsmelter,Thatgreat plantnowworksdayandnight,and theminesofMalayaandtheEastIndiesproduceampleore.Therewas notimeforthedefeatedarmiesand peoplestohackdownevenathirdof therubbertreesontheplantationsof MalayaandJavaandSumatra.Japan to-dayactuallyhasmorerubberthan sheknowswhattodowith.Inthe Philippinessheisreopeningthegold andironandchromitemines.Her transportshipsdonotreturnhomewardemptyfromthePhilippinesand Java-theycarryprofitablecargoesof sugar,foronething,andabundant suppliesofquininewhichhelpher armiesfightoffmalaria.RecentconquestshavegonefartowardstrengtheningtheweakpointsinJapan'seconomicstructureandthepassage-of timewillacceleratethatprocess.

Ashortnewsdispatchpublishedin thiscountryafewmonthsagogavea hintofwhatisgoingon.Ittoldof thetorpedoingandsinkingofoneof thelargestJapanesepassengershipsin theSouthChinaSea,anddetailedthat the540survivorsweremadeupoffinancial,industrial,andeconomicleaders,ofchemicalexpertsandengineers whoweresouthboundwhentheirvesselwasdestroyed.

Allovertheconqueredlandsthe greatbanksandshippingandinsurancecompaniesareopeninglarge branches.Hugepropertiesofall

*Nippon'sTentaclesStrangling:

kindsarebeingboughtupfornexttu nothing.Insomecasesrealmoney isused,butingeneraltheseacquisitionsareplantthefts,fortheso-called moneyusedisthetotallyunsecured Japanesemilitaryyen.Thiscurrency hasnospecie,security,norlegalbackingofanykind.Itcomesfromthe Army'sprintingpresses,andisforced uponthepeoplesoftheoccupiedlands atpointofbayonet.AlreadyJapan utterlydoininatesthefinance,trade, agriculture,industry,andpoliticsover richlandssopopulousthattheircombinedinhabitantsnumbernearlythree andahalftimesthepopulationofthe UnitedStates.

Beforetheendofthiseartheoil fieldsofBorneo,Sumatra,andBurma willbepouringoutwealthandessent'alfuelsforthebenefitoftheJapanese.TobesuretheDutchandBritishdestroyedtheirwellsandpipe linesandrefineries,butJapanhaslong knownthattheyintendedthisdestruction.BeforesheattackedPearl Harbourherwarehousesanddocks werewellcrammedwithdrillingrigs, pipe,andrefinerymachinery,And shehasbeenbuildingtankersata prodigiousrateforthelastfouryears.

Thesordiddramaofgreedandlegalisedpillageenactedintheoccupied portionsofChinafrom1937to1941is beingre-enactedto-dayinthePhilip. pines,theEastIndies,Malaya,IndoChina,andBurma.Japanorganised ahankwithoutanypaid-incapitalin Pekingsoonaftertheoccupation,and thenformedtheNorthChinaDevelopmentCompanywithanominalcapital of300,000,000yen.InShanghaishe organisedtheCentralChinaDevelopmentCompanywith100,000,000yen capital,andorderedWangChing-wei toorganisea"CentralBank"atNanking.TheNorthChinaandNanking banksthenissuedvaluelesspaper money,andtheChinesewereforcedto acceptitinexchangeforsoundcurrency.TheDevelopmentcompanies "bought"railwaysandpowerplants anddocksandfactories,givingthis worthlesscurrencyortheequally worthlessmilitarymoneyinpayment. Identicaltacticsareusedinthelands conqueredsincelastDecember.

Overallthisimmenseareafactories whicharenotproducinggoodsessentialtoJapan'swareffortorJapan's homeneedsarebeingforcedtoclose downbythesimpleexpedientofcuttingthemofffromthepurchaseof rawmaterials.InsomecasesessentialmachineryissimplybeingconfiscatedandremovedtoJapan.

KOREA, MANCHURIA, OCCUPIEDCHINA, PHILIPPINES, FRENCHINDO-CHINA, DUTCHEASTINDIES,

Inalltheconqueredlandstherailways,riverandcoastalshipping,air lines,andsuchoceanshippingasexistsarenowcontrolledandoperated byJapanese-first,forthe,.,nvenienceoftheJapaneseArmyandNavy, andsecond,fortheprofitofJapanese holdingcompanies.

Nooneoftheoccupiedcountriesis permittedtotradefreelywithany others.Alltrademustgothrough Japaneseclearinghouses,andeach transactionmusthavetheapprovalof themilitarybeforeitcanbeconcluded.1hemilitary,inturn,chargeoutrageouslylargefeesfor"inspectionservices,"butthesefeesdonotenrichthe treasuryoftheJapaneseEmpire.By commonconsenttheyenrichtheJapanesemilitary.Thereisnoquarrelingoverthedivisionofthespoils,for recognised"cuts"areautomatically assignedtoallconcerned,frommajor generalsdowntocorporals.

Thefollyoftreatingthestrugglein theFarEastasasideshow,andof "sendingallwehavetoEuropeandto Russia,"shouldbeapparent.IfJapan ispermittedtocontinueunmolested theorganisationandlootingofthe landssheoccupies,ifshesucceedsentirelyintransformingtheirindustries tothesupportofherwarmachine,her strengthwillincreaseprodigiously.

Japanmustbegivennorest,andbe permittednosenseofsecurity,inthe regionsshehasoverrun.Surpriseattacksbynavaltaskforces,surprise raids,andbombingsbyairsquadrons, continualthreatsofinvasionandcounterattack-allofthesemethodsmust beresortedtoinordertopreventthe Japanesefromfurthertighteningtheir holdupontheconqueredlands,and fromprofitingbytheiroccupation. Japanmustbecontinuallyharassed andattackedanddistracted,untilthe dayfinallycomeswhentheUnitedNationshavemusteredsufficientstrength, forasmashingcounteroffensive.

-Washdaysare Easier

RelaxSoapwilltakethehard workoutofwashdaysfor YOU,Relaxisgentleonthe fabricandyourhands;washes clothesasnowywhite;and NOhardrubbingisnecesEASY sary.AlwaysuseRELAXin YOURwashtub.(Obtainableinthreesizes.)

MADEINW.A.BYWESTRALIANSOAPSLTD.

Thefightforthe

THEPROGRAMMEAND

OBJECTIVESOFTHE NATIONALCATHOLICRURAL MOVEMENT

(Continued.)

Theextentofruralindebtednessin othersectorsofproductionmaybe hardtogauge;butthepersonalexperienceofeveryindividualwhohasmovedamongfarmersineverypartof Australiaisthatthefarmerwithout anoverdraftisaveryrareperson,and thefarmerwhoretainsfiftypercent. oftheequityinhisownproperty,at presentvaluations,isnotverymuch morecommon.

Fromitsownstandpointoffinancial returns,CommercialFarminghas provedacompleteandmiserablefailure.Onemightrejoiceattherevelationofitsfutility,wereitnotforthe factthataslongasitcontinues,itis workingdirectly,notonlyforthe bankruptcyoffarmersbutforthedestructionofthesoilitself.

Theexploitationofthesoilforfinancialreturnshasbredthedread scourgeofSoilErosionwhichGovernmentsarebeginningtotackleto-clay longafterthepoliciesofsoil-mining, whichtheyhaveencouragedhavepermanentlydestroyedhundredsofthousandsofacresofgoodAustralianland. Thereisnoneedtotravelfar,whatevermaybethepartofAustraliain whichonelives,tofindevidenceofthe ravagesofthescourgewhich,inmany respects,wehavediagnosedtoolate.

Thelonggullieswhichtwinetheir wayalongroadsandthroughpaddocks;fencesblockedupbysand; hundredsofacresofclayfromwhich thetopsoilhasbeenliftedcompletely;thedriftingsandandthenowregularsummerred-duststormsincities likeMelbourne-theseareallsymptomsofthelossofthegoodearth,a losswhichinAmericahascreatedthe DustBowl-monumenttothefalse philosophyofanation-andwhich threatenstorecreatetheDustBowlin Australia.

1st

-ingforMoney,thedestructionofthe fertilityofthesoilintheDustBowl, thebankruptcyoffamiliescaughtin thetoilsofthegreatcompaniesand highfinance,theeventuallossofthe farmhomeandthebreakupofthe tightlyknitfamilyunitwhichheldtogetheronlyaslongasthefamilyheld tothefarm.

Steinbeckcouldfindnosolution,or ratherwascontentwithafalsesolution-acquiescenceinthebreak-upof thefamilyunit.Butitisprecisely becauseaCatholiccannotacquiescein theevillogicofthatconclusionthat theNationalCatholicRuralMovement hascomeintoexistence.

Forthebreakdownofrurallifein Australiaandindeedineverycountry oftheNewWorldisbasicallyamatter ofafalsephilosophy,basicallyamatterofidolatry,amatterofmenagain worshippingtheGoldenCalf,livingby thestandardsofMammonandnotby thestandardsoftheOneTrueGod.

whichisstrongerthantheFaithofthe tillersofthesoil.Thereismuchto besaidfortheviewofthosewho holdthattherecanbenoChristiansocietywhichisnotbasedonthesolidityandpermanencyoftherurallife.

Inthemadandconscience-lesssearch forfinancialreturnstheAustralian countrysidehasbeenstrippedofits treesand,justasimportant,ofits nativegrasses.Whocanescapeabitterfeelingofpersonalindignation travellingthroughtheRiverinaand witnessingthewholesalemurderofthe beautifulMurraypine?WhocanescapeesiereningofheartwhentravellingthroughGippslandandwitnessing mileaftermileofringbarkedgiants, nowdeadanduseless,butwhichonce boundthesurroundingsoilcloselytogetherandensuredthenormalvariationofclimatewhichisvitaltothe productivityofthesoil?Didonenot ,,:!alisethatherewasconcreteand tangibleevidenceofafalsephilosophy unfoldingitselftotheruinofitsdevoteesandtotheruinofthenation, onemightfeelthatwewereinthe presenceoftheworksofaraceof homicidalmaniacs.Thedestruction ofthenativetreesinthiscountryin searchofmoreandmoreacres,and thedestructionofgrassesbyovercroppingandover-grazing,arenotonly anaestheticlossbutasocialcalamity.

Notlongagotherewaspublishedin Americatheworkofayoungnovelist, JohnSteinbeck,entitled"TheGrapes ofWrath."Itwasanovelwhichwas disgustingandobscene,whichwas blasphemousandpornographic.But inittherewasonegreatlesson,alessontobeappreciatedonlybyaCatholic,forthesecularmindcoulddraw onlyfalseconclusionsfromit.It wasthemoraloftheintimateconnectionbetweenthefalseidolsofFarm-

"Ifyoulookforalivihgfromthe farm,thefarmwillalwaysgiveyoua living:butifyoulookforafortune, evenalivingwillbedeniedyou."That greattruthwasutteredbyanAustralianBishoptoanassemblyofAustralianfarmers,anditcontainswithin itselfthekerneloftheCatholicattitudetotheland.Thelandisnot somethingtobeexploitedasonewould exploitamachineinafactory.Itis nottobeminedasonewouldextract mineralsfromtheearth.Itisnot somethinginanimateasamachineis inanimate.Itisoneofthegreatfactorsinman'sexistence,afactorwith alifeofitsownthroughthelifeofthe innumerableorganismsofwhichitis composed.Itisathingtobecherished,athingtobepreserved,athing tobeendowed,athingtobehusbanded.Thetraditionofthehusbandman isnotatraditionwhichhaslivedin thisland.Thetillerofthesoil,knowingeverygrain,treasuringitasifit weregold,thattraditiongoingbackto thedimdayswhichsawthefirstinfantstrivingsofChristianityhas nothingincommonwiththetradition ofthe"squatter,"oftheone-crop farmer,oftheland-shark,oftheinvestorsandfinancialmonopolistswhotodayaretherealownersofthegood earth,andwhotreatitasif-toquote anAmericanengineer-itwerethedirt beneaththeirfeet.

ThereisauniqueCatholictradition oftheland,anditisfittingthatit shouldbeso.Forthelandislinked peculiarlywiththeideasandinstitutionswhichareinseparablefromthe Christianwayoflifeandindefenceof whichthebloodofChristianshasbeen shedineveryage.TheFamily,as aninstitution,flourishesbestwhenit islinkedtotheland,forontheland childrenareaneconomicasset,whereasinthecitytheyarealiability.The moralfreedomoftheindividualperson hasnocounterpartintheregimentationandservilitywhicharethehandmaidsofindustrialcivilisation.It livesonlyifamanishisownmaster andisfreefromthethreatofeconomicpressureandinsecurity.Inthe modernworldthiscanbeonlyonthe land,ifthelandisfreefromtheincubusofdebt.Thatlibertywhich comesonlyfromthecontrolofpropertycanberealisedonlyontheland. TheChristiandoctrineofpropertycan beappliedonlyimperfectlytothe conditionsofthefactoryandtheindustrialsystem.Thereisnofaith

YellowCabs

RepairsAllMakes ofCars

"Thelandissacred."'Hereisa conceptwhichtothemodernmindis revolutionary,asitwasrevolutionary totheearsofthoseCatholicfarmers whoheardthewordsutteredbyHis Lordship,BishopHenschke.Itis anattitudetothelandwhichiscompletelynewinAustralia,andifthe RuralMovementcanbringarealisationofthatdoctrinetothemindof thepracticalfarmersofAustraliait willhavedoneenough.

Thereisdanger,however,which mustbeguardedagainstinthepropagationofthisdoctrine.BysomeunhappychancethisCatholicattitude hasbeenidentifiedinthemindsof manyoutsidetheChurchwiththe squalorwhichinsomelandsisundoubtedlyassociatedwiththesmall holding.

Whateverthehistoricalaccident whichhasledtothepresentview,we arecreditedwithbelievinginarural societyinwhichmenwillbattleunendinglywiththesoil,inhomeswhich willbemerehovelsandwhichwill havenoneofthecomfortswhichhumaninventionhasmadepossiblefor theenjoymentofmen.Theword "peasantry"hascometomeananunenviablething,anditiswiseforus evertobeonourguardagainstbeing forcedtodefendastateofsociety whichitisnopartofouroutlookto defend.

PeasantryasitexistedinRussiais notanelevatingbutadegradingthing, Peasantry,asitexiststo-dayinsome Balkancountries,leadstoacondition oflifemoreanimalthanhuman,The faultliesintheperversionoftheinstitutionofprivateproperty,andin thefailuretoadoptaconstructivepolicyofbringingthewealthofmodern technicalinventiontothehomeon theland.

Ourcenturyisonewhichinideas isvastlyremovedfromtheCatholic idealofpeasantproprietorship,but onewhichinpotentialitiesisableto britthatidealtofruitionbyendowingthecountryhomewithallthecomfortswhichhithertohavebeenthe monopolyofthecity.Itrequiresno specialeffortoftheimaginationtoreplisehowgreatisthetransformationOf thecountryhomeifitisendowedwith electricity,permanentrunningwater, sanitaryconveniences,refrigeration andthemanyothersmallconveniences whichareonlydesirablebutpossible.Ifitwerepossibletoobtaina faithfulpictureofthecauseswhichin thepasthaveledtotheflightfromthe land,loominglargeamongtheothers wouldbethedrudgerywhichcountry lifehasimposedonwomenandchildrentoescapewhichtheyhavefled tothecities.

TheCatholicobjectiveinthismatterisclear-fortorejecttheveritable revolutionwhichinventionhasmade possibleincountryhomeswouldbe falsebothinprincipleandintactics. Intacticsitwouldcondemnourfight forthecountryfamilytofutility,for wewouldbeunabletocounteractthe lureofthecitybypositivemeasures. Inprincipleitwouldbeequallywrong forwewouldberefusingtousemeans whichGodhasgiventothehuman raceandwhichmightbedevotedto noblepurposes.

(TobeContinued.)

Doyouwishtohelpeducateapriest forworkinWesternAustralia?Make aregularannualcontributiontohelp anindigentstudent.

PlainChantFestival.

ThePlainChantFestivalwasbrought toaverysuccessfulconclusiononFridaylast,whenthecombinedchoirsof KalgoorlieandBouldertokpartina SolemnRequiemMassheldatSt. Mary's,undertheconductorshipof Rev.FatherAlbertLynch.

MasswascelebratedbyRev.Father Murphy,assistedbyRev.FathersCarmodyandMcCarthy.Rev.Father Nolanactedasmasterofceremonies.

AttheconclusionoftheMassRev. FatherLynchtoldthechildrenthat hewasindeeddelightedwiththeir singing.Itwasexcellentandreflectedthegreatestcreditonthemall.The teachershadtakengreatpainstopre. parethechildren§obeautifully.

Theschoolsrepresentedwere:C.B.C. St.Joseph'sConvents,Kalgoorlieand Boulder,andtheConventofMercy, Butler-street.

Whileonthe'FieldsRev.Father LynchvisitedCoolgardieConvent Schoolalso,andRequiemMasswas celebratedthereonSaturdaymorning.

Rev.FathersMurphyandLynchreturnedtoPerthonFridayevening.

ChildrenofMary.

Sodalitymemberswerepresentin goodnumbers,bothmorningandevening,onSundaylast.Aftertheeven. ingdevotionsandOffice,thegirlsadjournedtoSt.Mary'sHallforthe monthlymeeting,theprincipalfeature ofwhichwastheelectionofofficersfor theforthcomingterm.Theresult wasasfollows:President,D.Lyttleton; firstassistant,P.Hughes;secondassistant,N.Carroll:secretary,K.Turich;treasurer,NancyDoogue;prefects,MenaCahillandP.Dillon.

TheSpiritualDirector,Rev.Father McCarthy,congratulatedthenewlyelectedofficersontheirelection,and wishedthemasuccessfulterm.He alsothankedthoseretiringforthe mannerinwhichtheyhadcarriedout theirvariousduties.Duringtheyear manygoodmembershavelefttojoin theWomen'sServices.

TheannualCommunionbreakfastof thisbranchwillbeheldonSunday morning,December6.andshould proveahighlysuccessfulsocialfunc tion.

C.W.L.andH.A.C.B.S.

Thesetwobodieshavedecidedto joinforcesinarrangingaChristmas socialthisyear.Allmembersofboth areinvitedtoattendandbringtheir friends,Admissionis,ofcourse,free. MembersoftheBoulderbranchesare cordiallyinvitedtojoinusonthe eveningofDecember7andmeetold friends.Thesocialwillbeheldafter devotionsinSt.Mary'sHall.

C.B.C,Appeal Parishionersareremindedthatthe appealonbehalfoftheBrothersis nowon.Donationsmaybeleftwith churchcollectors,oratthePresbytery orCollege.Tryandmakethisappealanoutstandingsuccessbymaking yourdonationsassoonandaslargeas possible.

Thefinalhousepartyarrangedby theParents'andFriends'Association oftheCollegetookplaceonNovember 11andwassuccessfulasusual.

TheBrotherswishtothankthecapablecommitteeofladiesandgentlemenresponsiblefortherunningof theparty,whetherpersonallyorby donations.Boulderparishwasvery wellrepresented.

Personal.

Mrs.Pimlev,ofLamington,awell knownformerresidentofCarbine,left recentlytotakeupresidenceinthe cityforthesummermonths.

Mr.TomStaunton,ofNedlands,has beenstayingattheAustraliaHotel duringabusinessvisittoKalgoorlie.

Mr.StanWerndley,ofPerth,hasrecentlytakenapositionattheKalgoorlieFoundry.

Mr.P.J.RussellandMissEileen RussellareatpresentenjoyingaholidayatLeonora.

MASSTIMETABLE.

November22:Dumbleyung,9a.m.: Wagin,11a.m.

November29:WaginSa.m.;Dumbleyung,10a.m, December27:Dumbleyung,9am. Wagin,11a.m.

January24:Dumbleyung,9a.m.; Wagin,11a.m.

Missions.

Wagin:MissionopensSunday,November8,at8a.m.Mass,andcloseson Sunday.November15,at7am.Mass.

LakeGrace:Missionopensat10 a.m.Mass,andclosesWednesday morningatMass,

Newdegate:MissionopensWednesdayeveningat7.30p.m.Masson Thursday.

Dumbleyung:Missionsermonand confessions,Thursdayevening,7.30. MassFridaymorning.

Beaconsfield

Onceagain,andnotsurprisingly, Beaconsfieldhasmadeahugesuccess ofanotherchildren'sfancy-dressball, heldintheschoolrecently.Hundreds ofchildrentookpartinthegrand march.alleagertoscoreoneofthe manyhandsomegiftsoffering.Where theexcellentsuppercamefromisquite amystery,buttheappetitesofthe multitudewereundoubtedlyappeased, duetotheuntiringeffortsofthe ladies'committeeandtheirhelpers.A voteofthanksisduetothoseresponsiblefortheworkwhichfunctionsof thiskindinvolve,anditisheartening forthoseconcernedtoknowthattheir effortsachievedsooutstandingasuccessonthatevening.

Theschoolsportsheldafewweeks agoalsoleftnothingtobedesired. Hereagain,theeverenergeticladies' committee,withtheco-operationof theSistersandtheeagernessofthe schoolchildrenmadegooduseofthe wonderfulweather,

Theweeklyeuchrepartiesareholdingtheirown,butwewouldwelcome thesightofafewmoreofourparish. ioners.Theyprovideanenjoyable evening'sentertainment,socardaddictsshouldmakea(latefornextMondayateight!

AremindertothosewhoarepromotersofthePropagationoftheFaith. Pleasehandyourlistsofnamesand donationsreceivedtoFatherRyanas earlyaspossible,inordertosavethat lastminuterush.

CANADIANPRIESTDESIGNS "FLAGOFCHRISTENDOM."

A"FlagofChristendom"designed byapriestoftheCanadiandioceseof Bathhurst,FatherR,J.Williams,is becomingacommonsightinsome partsoftheDominion.

Oneachofthreefields-blue,red, andwhite-ithasagoldstar,across, andacrown,symbolisingtheBirth, Death,andKingshipofChrist.

TheKingandQueenremarkedupon itwhentheysawitflyingduringtheir visittoCanada,andFatherWilliams saysthatoneoftheflagsistobepresentedtotheQueenthroughtheBishopofLondon.

PresidentRoosevelthasseenand approvedthenewflag.

Higagafe

HiTheParishHall,Highgate,wasthe sceneofahappygatheringofyoung peopleonWednesday,November11. Theoccasionwasthepopularparish dancewhichisconductedfortnightly. Theusualcrowdwaspresent,includingGerryLynch,VincentKierney, RayArcher,andPatTwoomey,ofthe EasternStates,andmanyotheryoung visitorsfromVictoria,whohavespent manypleasanthoursamongsttheir ownCatholicfriends.

Wearesorrytoannouncethatour finaldancefortheseasontakesplace onWednesday,November25,whenwe hopetomakeita"galanight."We canassureallthosewhoattenda mostenjoyableeveningandpartners forall.

Therewillbemanyusefulprizes awardedfornoveltydancesandlucky chairs,andcolourful"leis"willbe presentedtoeachgirlassheenters thehall.Rememberthepriceisonly 1/6,includingadaintysupperandan excellentorchestra.

Therewillbesurprisesforallwho attendtheHighgateParishHallon thenightofWednesday,November25.

CATHOLICWOMEN'SLEAGUE.

ThemonthlymeetingoftheLeague willtakeplaceintheParishHallon Thursday,November28,at2.30p.m. Fete.

Anafternoonfete,commencingat3 o'clock,willbeheldintheParishHall onSaturday,November28.Admission willbefree,andagoodmusicalprogrammehasbeenarranged.Afternoonteasmaybepartakenof,andthe saleofnovelties.couponfreegoods, cakes,preserves,etc.,shouldprove!nterestingandprofitabletoallwhoat tend.FundsareinaidoftheHighgateHillBranchoftheCatholicWomen'sLeague.

MASSTIMETABLE.

St.Brigid's:MasseachSundayat7 and9.30a.m.

Countrydistricts:

Sunday,November22:Lyall'sMill, 7.30am, Sunday,November29:Darkan,10 a.m.

NEWDEALFORNAfIVES?

Australiansareawareofthemagnificentassistancebeinggiventoow troopsbythenativesofNewGuinea, butnotsomanyareawarethatAustralianaboriginalsarealsodoingvaluablework.

Hundredsofthemarepickingmaize, cuttingcane,andworkinginthecottonfieldsofQueensland.ThesenativeAustralianswhohavesufferedso muchatthehandsofthewhiteAustraliansarenowreturninggoodfor evilanddoingalltheycantoassist thedefenceofournation.

Ouraboriginalscaneasilybeforgotteninconsideringpost-warproblems,justastheywerecompletely forgotteninthelongcontinuedpublic discussionsontheFederalConstitution attheendofthelastcentury.

Theadvancemadeinthestatusof theraceinrecentyearsunderthe QueenslandGovernmentisanobject lessonwhichshouldnotbeoverlooked,

InNorth-WestAustraliawhereluggersareoftenapttoencounterrough weather,eventhewilly-willys,boatmenhavedeclaredthattheywould ratherhaveAustralianaboriginalsin acrisisthanMalaysorKoepangers, whosetraditionsassailorsgoback thousandsofyears,whereasthelifewas quitenewtotheseaboriginals.Fullbloodedmainlandnativesservedin thelastwar,asinthis,butnoneof theirdisabilitieswithregardtothe franchiseorownershipoflandwere removed.

dvertising Rates

Engagements.Marriages,Deaths,InMemoriam,andBereavement Notices,4s.aninsertion(35words),ld.perwordover.Allcasualadvertising,4s.persinglecolumninch.Engagementannouncementsmust besignedbybothparties

ReportsofFuneralschargedforat2s6d.perinch,singlecolumn (about50wordsinoneinch).

WeddingReports:2s.persinglecolumninch,forspaceusedby blockandletterpress,pluscostofphoto.block.Reportswithoutphoto. 2/6persinglecolumninch.

ForSale,ToLet,SituationsWantedandVacant,andBoardandResidence,oneinsertion(notexceeding20words1,2s6d,ld.perwordover 20. Reducedrateforseveralinsertions.

ParagraphAdvertisements,9d.perline,singlecolumn.

SchoolResultsmustbecoveredbyletterofauthorisation,andmust beTypewrittenorinBlockLetters,andwillbepublishedintheorder received.

CONTRACTRATESforgeneraladvertisingonapplicationtothe AdvertisingManager.

TheManagementreservetherighttorefuseanyadvertisemntitdeems unsuitable,andacceptsnoresponsibilityforanylosssustainedfromerrors oromissionswhichmayoccurinadvertisements.

AllenquiriesconcerningAdvertisementsshouldbeaddressedtothe ADVERTISINGMANAGER,"THERECORD,"450HAYSTREET, PERTH,WestAustralia.'Phone:B6950andB9141.

Catholic qiris'illovement

*HEADQUARTERSAND.CLUB-ROOMS

BankofN.S.W.Chambers,65St.George'sTerrace (nearSherwoodCourt)-Rooms:7-10FirstFloor

AppealforCatholicHomesfor GirlMunitionWorkers-

Wehadhopedforagreaterresponse toourappealofthelastfewweeksfor Catholichomesforgirlmunitionworkerswhowillshortlybecomingfrom thecountrytoworkinthemetropolitanarea.Theadvantages,ratherthe necessity,offindingCatholichomesfor thesegirlsisrecognisedevenbythe WelfareOfficerswhoseresponsibility itistoseethatthegirlsaresuitably boarded.TheseWelfareOfficersapproachedustoaskourco-operationin thisimportantmatter,andincommon withtheotherdenominationsitisup totheCatholiccommunitytoassist ourowngirlstofindquarterswhere Catholichomelifewillcompensatein

Wheatgrowers'UnionAppreciates CatholicRuralMovement

greatmeasureforthehandicapsunder whichtheseyoungmunitionworkers willotherwisefindthemselves, Werepeatourappealthenwitha certainnoteofurgency,sinceitisa matterofsuchconsequenceforthe girlsconcerned.Detailsastotheconditionsandpriceofboardwillbear.angedbytheWelfareOfficerswith thosewhovolunteertotakeoneor moregirlsintotheirhome.

Enquiriesmayheaddressedto:

TheSecretary, SocialServiceBureau-. Room7,BankofN.S.W.Chambers, 65St.George'sTerrace,Perth

Canteen'Work

CommencingTownHall,Monday, November23

Asourfirstnightofdutywillbe Mondaynext,November23,girlsare askedtocometotheTownHallas soonaspossibleafterfinishingwork. Threemoredateshavebeenarranged andareasfollows:

General

Cdctivittes

DRESSMAKING:Wednesday(two classes),6-10p.m.

ORCHESTRA:Thursdays,8p.m.

CHOIRMonday,8p.m, E.S.C.-FIRSTAID:Wednesday,8 p.m.

LECTURES:"Catholicismandthe ModernWorld,"byFatherLalor,Fridayevenings,8p.m,

DANCINGCLASSES:.:Cathedral Hall),Tuesday,7.30p.m.

DRAMATICGROUPTuesday,8 p.m.

C.W.O.CANTEENWORE: TownHall,Monday,Nov.23, PhyllisDean,Friday,Dec.11. TownHall,Sunday,Dec.20. PhyllisDean,Thursday,Jan.7. LuncheonClub

Girls,wheredoyouhaveyourlunch? Whynotmeetoneanothermoreoften inourlunchroombetween12and2 pan,Bringyouownlunch,andif yourequireitteawillbeservedfor2d.

Marian.1rtsGuild

AnewPraesidiumoftheLegionhas beenformedtoco-ordinatethevarious activitiesoftheArtsgroups.Itis proposedtocombinethedramaticclub, choirandorchestraintoaMarianArts Guild,underthePatronageofOur Lady,QueenoftheArts.Anevening willhearrangedforadatejustprior toChristmas,andthethreegroupswill co-operateinstagingwhatpromisesto beavariedandinterestingprogramme. Rehearsalsforallgroupsareatpresentinfullswing,andtheactualdate oftheeveningwillheannouncednext week,

December11:PhyllisDeanHall.

December20:TownHall.

January7:PhyllisDeanHall. WhentherosterfallsonaSunday, asDecember20,membersareaskedto beatthecanteenby2o'clock.

C.C./11Dance

Thenextfortnightlydanceorganised bytheC.G.M.willbeheldonTuesday night,Dec.1,atCecilBuildings,SherwoodCourt.Anothergreatcrowdisexpectedatthispopularsocialevening. Prizesaregivenforluckyspotsand noveltydances.MissAliceHeyen's Orchestrawillprovidethemusic,and supperwillbeserved,Catholicyoung peopleareallwelcomeandtheadmissionis1/11.

Exposntaon

WewouldliketoextendaninvitationtotheCatholicpeoplegenerallyto visitourChapelonThursdays,when theBlessedSacramentisexposed throughouttheday.EveryThursday MassiscelebratedintheChapelat8.15 am.,andExpositionfollows,concludingwithBenedictionat6.30inthe evening.

Avisitwouldbemostappreciated duringthemorninghoursbetween9 ai,d12,andintheafternoonbetween 2and5.ArosterisleftattheChapel doorinwhichthosewishingtodoso mayleavetheirnameagainsttheperiodmostconvenientforthemtomake avisiteachweek.

Wewishtomakeitquiteclearthat theprivilegeofwatchingbeforethe BlessedSacramentisnotconfinedon thesedaysofExpositiononlytomembersoftheGirls'Movement,butthat acordialinvitationisextendedtoall ourCatholicpeople, *

Girlsseekinginformationaboutthe MovementshouldringthePresident, MissMargaretSanderson(B8972),orif theycallinatHeadquartersduring lunchhouroranyeveningduringthe week,oneoftheCommitteewillbe theretoexplaintheMovementand theconditionsofmembership,etc.,to them,

Sir,-Permitmetoexpressthrough thecolumnsofyourpapermyappreciationoftheveryfineeffortsofthe NationalCatholicRuralMovementon behalfofprimaryproducersofAustralia.ThatyourChurchisfullycognisantofthenecessityofgreaterassistancebeinggiventotheworking farmerinhisowninterestandthe bestinterestsofthenationisevident bytheChrist-likeeffortsoftheRural MovementofyourChurch. Theseedsofeffortnowbeingsown willresultinthegarneringofahar-

Sir,-Neverbeforehasthenecessity ofaninternationallanguagebeenmore apparentthannow.Esperantooffers itself-alanguagetested,duringhalfa century,byitsseverestenemiesand criticalfriends,andprovednotasa meretheorybutasapracticalutility byitsseveralinternationalcongresses, atwhichdozensofnationaltongues metnotasBabelitesbutasfriends, comprehendingoneanothereasilyand thoroughly.Attheterminationof thelastwarfournations,England,America,France,andItaly,foregathered torearrangetheworld.Thesespoke butthreenationaltongues,yetwas necessitatedastaffof interpreters. Doublethatnumber,ormore,willhave avoiceinstabilisingpeaceattheend ofthiswar.Interpretationsofspeeches,whichslurnuancesandvitalutterances,andcauselossoftime,interestandharmony,willagainbegreatly inevidence.Esperantoissoeasily learnedthatalinguistperusingforthe firsttimeitsgrammarcouldthereafter readanybookonhistory,travelor romancewritteninthatlanguage.A litterateurcouldmasteritinafew weeks,andtheaverageintelligentman inasmany_months.Itsgrammaris simplicityitself.I,whilstwalking leisurelyacrossthebridgeofthePerth RailwayStation,explainedtoafriend itsverbalsystembeforewereached theexit.Thereareabsolutelynoexceptions.Itspronunciationisuniformthroughouttheworld,Sixtyper cent.ofitsrootwordsarerecognisable bythemasses.Conservationofwords isanotherattribute,thoughnotatthe expenseofexpression.Indeed,Esperantoiscapableofthemostrefined shadesofmeaning,ofwhichitstranslationofthatmostdifficultpoeticwork. "Dante'sInferno,"isproof.Weare

vestthatwillresultintheestablishmentofahappycountrypopulace, withoutwhichnonationcanreally progress.

Theco-operationofyourChurch withtheWheatGrowers'Unionin thepasthasbeenveryhelpful,anda continuanceofthatco-operationis earnestlydesired.-Yours,etc.,

goingtohesuchjollygoodfellows afterthewar-nomonopolies,raw materialswithinthereachofallnations;andthemarvelsofflyingwill havemadeneighboursofeventhe mostdistantofthesenationals.But thebarrieroflanguagewillspoilthat pictureifthisoldworldlackaneasilylearnedinternationalsecondarylanguage. Esperantooffersitself.Yours,etc., W.T.CASEY.

BodyofSaintFrancis Xavier"Deteriorating"

Adeteriorationintheconditionof thebodyofSt.FrancisXavierhas beenreportedfollowingitsexposition lastMayforthevenerationofthe faithfulintheChurchofBoniJesus inBombay.

VaticanRadiorecentlyquoteda priest-writerwhosaidthatthelower partsofthelegsareingoodcondition andsofttothetouch.Thelefthand isalsowellpreserved(therighthand isintheChurchoftheGesuinRome). Theheadisinpoorconditionandcoveredbyaredcloth.

Thepriestsaidthatonewitnesshad toldhimthattherehadbeensomedeteriorationsincetheexpositionofthe bodyin1933buthewasunableto confirmthishimself.Ordinarilythe bodyisexposedonceevery10years. WithPopePiusXI'spermissionitwas exposedin1933forthetakingofphotographs.

BoysandGirls!Haveyouanybooks thatyounolongerrequire?Ifso, donatethemtotheChildren'sSection ofourCatholicLibrary.

Canon

CanonCardijn,founderoftheJocists, wastohaveled20,000youngBelgian workerstoRomeinthemonththat warbrokeout.

Thisambitionwasneverfulfilled.

NowtheCanon,thoughonly60years ofage,isafrailmanwhohasoverworkedhimselfforyearsinthegreat causeofyouth,andcondemnedtoface therigoursofaNaziconcentration camp.

CanonCardijnwasborninthegrim atmosphereofaminingvillage.On hisreturnduringseminarydayshisold friendsrefusedtospeaktohim.The gapbetweenworkersandtheChurch wastoowide, Soheresolvedtoconsecratehislife toclosingthatgap,andthose20,000 youngworkersfromtheindustrialareas ofBelgiumare20,000evidencesofhis success.

Thelastwarinterferedwithhiswork atitsbeginning.Hewasarrestedby theGermans.Butitmadehima popularheroandbroughtthousands intohisinfluence.

IfhelivestoseeBelgium'ssecond victorythereisnoestimatingtheinfluencehewillcertainlyhaveupon thecountry'sfuture.

Recipes

PeachIceCream.

1canslicedpeaches,3cupsugar,1 canevaporatedmilk.

CombinesyrupfromaNo.2ican slicedpeaches,sugarandatallcan ofevaporatedmilk.Placeinafreezingtrayofamechanicalrefrigerator, andwhenitisfrozentoamushput thepeachesthathavebeenputthrough acoarsesieveinwiththesyrupmixture,andfinishfreezing.Rumflavouringcanbeusedifdesired.

OrabmeatSalad.

1cupcrabmeat,8cupcelery,2hardcookedeggs,lettuce,mayonnaise.

Pickoverandremoveallbonesfrom thecrabmeat.Thenaddthefinely cutceleryandmixwithenough mayonnaisedressingtocombinethe ingredients.Placeoncrisplettuce leavesonindividualsaladdishes,garnishwithslicesofhard-cookedeggs andateaspoonfulofmayonnaisedressing.Sprinklewithsomefinelychoppedgreenceleryleaves.Ifdesired, ateaspoonoffinelychoppedonion canbeaddedtothesalad,andone ofthehard-cookedeggschoppedand mixedwiththecrabmeatandcelery.

LemonBlanc-mange.

2cupsboilingwater,icupsugar, teaspoonsalt,5tablespoonscornstarch, 1cupcoldwater,2eggwhites,1-3cup lemonjuice.

Auldsugarandsalttoboilingwater; dilutecornstarchwithcoldwaterand combinemixture.Bringtoboiling point,stirringconstantlyandboilfive minutes;coolslightly,addstifflybeateneggwhitesandlemonjuice,Turn intomould,firstdippedincoldwater, andchill.Servewithasoftcustard orwhippedcream.

Maritain'sWife WritesHerStory

Influencesthatmade herlife

RaissaMaritain,thewifeofthephilosopher,Jacques,haspublishedin Americaanaccountofherearlylife, hermeetingwithJacquesandhis friends,hermarriageandaccotanceof theCathclicfaith.

Reviewingherbookinthe''New YorkHeraldTribune,"GeorgeN. Shusterdescribestheauthor-

ThelittleJewishgirlwhomoved fromMarioupoltoPariswithafather perenniallyextravagantandindebt, grewupseeminglydestinedforpoetryandlearning.ItwasattheSorbonnethatshefirstawakenedtophil osophy,beingledtoitbytheenthusiasticfriendwhowaslatertobecome herhusband.BergsonwasthenteachingattheCollegedeFrance,andthe youngpeoplelistenedwithraptureto thegreatmasterofintuitionalphilosophy.

Next,writesthereviewer,camea strangegeniuswhoseinfluencewould beevenmoreimportant.LeonBloy, authorof"LaFemmePauvre,"isone ofthegreatwriterswhosebookshardlyanybodyreads.Hewasindefatig-

ValiantSuccessor

ealtudidi

Wednesday,November25:Final Dance,HighgateParishHall.

Friday,Nov.27:CardEvening, C.G.M.ClubRooms,BankofNew SouthWalesBuildings,St.George's Terrace.

CENTRALCATHOLICLIBRARY

36PIERSTREET,PERTH.

OfInteresttoParents andChildren

JUVENILESECTIONOFCENTRAL CATHOLICLIBRARYTOOPEN SOON.

Itisdesiredtodrawtheattention ofparentsofschoolchildrentothefact thataJUVENILESECTIONofthe CENTRALCATHOLICLIBRARY willshortlybeopened.

able,irascible,contemptuousofthe bourgeoiseasscarceanotherliterary maneveninFrancehasbeen:andstill hewasoneofthemostdeeply,reverentlyChristianspiritsofhistime,acceptingthebitterpovertytowhich thenatureofhisworkdoomedhimas agiftfromGod.Hesaidofhis booksthattheyhadbeenapproved 'notbyabishopordoctor,butbythe HolyGhost."Littlebylittlethis "saintlybeggar"ledRaissaandJacquestotheCatholicChurch,which theyenteredaftertheyhadmarried.

Thereweretwootherfriendsof whomthebookhasmuchtosay. CharlesPeguy,editorofthe"Cahiers," andadmirerbothofJeanned'Arcand Jaures,hadmovedstepbystepfrom SocialismtoSocialChristianity.Mme. Maritain'sportraitofhimisadmirablyclearandmoving.Itisthatof amanresoluteofpurposeandbeset withdifficultieswhoachievedininner integritywhathecouldnotoutwardly express.ThesecondfriendwasErnest Psichari,Renan'sgrandson,whorecoveredCatholicChristianitythrough themysticismoftheAfricanMoslems.

Intheseandotherstowhomallusionismade,thereligioustraditionof Francewasrevived.Theyprepared thewayforanewkindofCatholic thoughtandsocialaction, GREATEVENTS.

Therearetwogreateventsthis week-theMelbourneCuponSaturday,andtheNo.130CharitiesConsultationclosingonorbeforeSaturday. Your2/6ticketcouldwinE1,000,

Sendalongthoseattractivestory booksthatyouhavenowdiscarded. TheJuvenileSectionoftheCentralCatholicLibrarywillappreciatethem,

CardinalvanRoeyhasonceagain shownhimselfavaliantsuccessorto CardinalMercier,insendingonbehalf oftheBelgianbishopsaprotesttothe GermanmilitarygovernorofBelgium againstcompulsorylabouronSundays andchurchholidaysformineworkers. GeneralvonFalkenhausen'sreplywill havedonemuchtostrengthenthenationalresistancewhichhasrallied aroundtheCardinal.Herebukedthe Cardinalfornotexercisinghispowers todispenseworkersfromtheobligation ofattendingMass"inourcommonaim ofdefendingChristiancivilisation."To thesuggestionthatfuturerelationsbetweenGermanyandBelgiumwouldbe embitteredbyGermanmethodsherepliesthat"whenpeacehasbeenconcludedwithavictoriousGermanythe peopleswillbehappyandproudto preservecontactwithourcountry... Ifanynationsshouldshowthemselves recalcitrantincollaborationwiththe newordertheywouldsimplybeeliminatedandwoulddisappearfromthe faceofthenewEurope."

AspecialCHRISTMASHOLIDAY SUBSCRIPTIONRATEof2/6is beingmadeforchildreninorderthat theymayavailthemselvesofthebenefitsofmembershipduringthevacation period.

Thetasteforgoodliteratureandthe desiretoreadbooksappropriateto age,shouldbecultivatedduringthe yearsatschool.

MembershipofaCatholicLibrary willensurethatchildrenwhoarefond ofreadingwillnotcomeintopossession ofthewrongtypeofbookassooften happenswhenbooksareloanedandexchangedbetweenassociates.

Furtherparticularsofthisimportant announcementwillbemadelater.

BOOKSURGENTLYWANTED.

Donationsofneworsecond-hand bookswouldbeappreciatedbytheLibraryCommittee.Thesecouldbeleft eitherattheLibrary,36Pier-street, Perth),orat"TheRecord"Office,

Doyouwishtohelpeducateapriest forworkinWesternAustralia?Make aregularannualcontributiontohelp anindigentstudent.

PERTH,THURSDAY,NOVEMBER19,1942.

Industrialists'Charter ofReform

ArecentcablemessagefromLondonoutlinedanemployers' charterofindustrialreformswhichmakesaninterestingcontrast againsttheactualsocialtrendsthroughouttheBritishCommonwealthofNations.Itisasorryreflectionthatthedocumentwas inspirednotfromanymotivesofremorseorcontritionforthe pastexploitsofcapitalism,butfromthegrowingfearofsocialism. "AnyextensionofStateownershipandoperation."statedthedocument(whosesignatoriesincludeLordMelchett),"wouldsoinjure efficiencyastobeanationalcalamity."WhilemanyoftheproposalsaccordverycloselywithCatholicsocialtheory,itisnoteworthythatthefundaemntalthingislacking-acompleteand right-intentionedsocialphilosophy.Apartfromthedreadofsocialism,thechartistsappeartohavebeenanimated"bythespirit ofservice"tothecommunityasawhole.Nowthisbroadhumanitarianoutlookhaspaledintoaverysicklything.Wehave hearditmouthedinseasonandoutofseasonbymenwhosewhole ideaofservicewasself-interest.

Thereisnoobjectiontohaving"service"asanideal,provided oneisclearastowhomorwhatoneisserving.Onefears,however,thatitismerelyMammonwhoistobeservedagaininthe capitalist"neworder."TheburthenoftheproposedCharteris thepreservationofthesystemofprivateenterpriseandtheprofit motive.Butnotforaninstantdothesignatoriescontemplate thatthesystemof"privateenterprise"shouldbegenerallyextendedtothepeopleintheformofprivateandproductiveproperty. Thecentralanomalyoftheirpositionistheirconceptionofasystcmof"privateenterprise"basedonthepreservationofthewztge system.Thegoalofsocialendeavourintheirviewis"betterconditionsandopportunitiesforworkers,"andaspateofsocialservices (towhichtheyarenowreadytocontribute).Fortherest,the eternalmotto:"Businessasusual."Now,ifalltheirdreamscame topassandtherewasestablishedanice,humaneandcomfortable slaveState,therewouldseemtobelittletochoosebetweenit andSocialismasregardsthefreedomoftheworkers.Theironly. realfearisthattheymightnotbeabletomanipulatethetotalitarianState.

However,ifonecouldabstractfronttheall-importantquestionofpureintentionandphilosophies,onemightrelishmanyof theproposedreforms.ButasChestertononcewrote,itisnot soimportantforalandladytoknowhowmuchmoneyherlodger has,astoknowhisphilosophyoflife.Themostsignificantfeatureofthedocumentistherathertimidsuggestionof"co-partnership-wherepracticable."Thereistalkof'allsectionsoflabour havingcloserassociationwithmanagement,"butthisisimmediatelyoffsetbyastatementsafeguarding"managements'responsibilityfordecisions."Forallthatitoffer"fullopportunitiesfor everymanandwomantorisetopositionsof_greatresponsibility," oneknowsinstinctivelythattheymerelyrefertoinereasetlworries.Onlyafreemancanberesponsible.andfreedomcanonly behadbyownership.Butthereisnogreatheartinthematter. becauseithasnomoralbasis.Itisidletowritedevotionallyof -`conductingindustryinaccordancewiththenationalconscience." forthatisaboutasrealastheequator.butitwillnotproveSt, enduring.

MISSIONARIESREMAIN

Notasinglepriestorreligiousamong theseveralthousandsworkinginthe NetherlandEastIndiesfledfromthe islandsontheJapaneseinvasion,accordingtonewswhichreachedDutch officialcirclesinLondonrecently.

Thegreatmajorityofthemare Dutch.WhentheJapanesebombed thetownofPontianakinDutchBorneo,theGovernmentevacuatedthe civilpopulation,buttheBishop,Mgr. Valenberg,andhispriestsremainedat theirposts.-"CatholicTimes."

Booksandmagazinesforthetroops maybeleftat"TheRecord"Office, 450Hay-street,Perth,fordistribution bytheC.W.O.

EXPOSITIONINTHECITY

ExpositionoftheBlessedSacrament isheldeveryThursdayintheChapel oftheCatholicGirls'MovementBank ofN.S.W,Chambers,65St.George's Terrace,nexttoWarwickHouse,A cordialinvitationisextendedtothe Catholicpeoplegenerallytopaya visitduringtheday,ExpositioncommencesafterMassat8o'clock,and concludeswithBenedictionofthe BlessedSacramentat6.15p.m.Those desiringtodosomayplacetheir namesontherosteroutsidetheChapel.

ThehouroftheThursdaymorning MassintheChapelhasbeenchanged from8.15a.m.to8o'clock.Itis hopedthatthiswillbemoreconvenientformanygirlswhocommence workat8.45am

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

November22:VisitKondinin.

November29.-

8am,:CelebrateMassattheCathedral,occasionAnnualgeneralCommunionoftheHibernianSociety.

9.30am.:ConfirmationatSt.Patrick'sChurch,Havelockstreet.

4p.m.:AttendAnnualGiftDay atSt.Vincent'sFoundlingHome,Subiaco.

7.30p.m.:ConfirmationandCanonicalVisitation,atSt.Joseph'sChurch, Queen'sPark.

December1.-7,30p.m.:Confirmation atAquinasCollege,MountHenry.

December3.-3.30p.m.:Confirmation atSt.LouisPreparatorySchool, Claremont.

December6.-

8a.m.:CelebrateMassatSt.Mullchin'sChurch,Gosnells.

9.30a.m.:CelebrateMassatSt.FrancisXavier'sChurch,Armadale.

December6.-7.30p.m.:Assistatclose ofMissiontoNon-CatholicsatSt. Patrick'sChurch,Fremantle.

December8.-7.15a.m.:CelebrateMass attheHomeoftheLittleSistersof thePoor,Leederville.

December8.-3p.m.:PresideatAnnualPrizeDistributionatSt.Louis PreparatorySchool,Claremont.

December10.-8a.m.:PresideatCeremonyofProfessionattheCarmelite Monastery,Nedlands.

December10.-Sp.m.:AtSt.Mary's Hall,Leederville:AttendChristian Brothers'CollegeConcert,andpetformceremonyofcrowningwinner ofQueenCarnivalCompetition.

December13(TitularoftheCathedral andPrincipalPatronoftheDio cese)11a.m.:PontificateintheCathedral andimpartPapalBlessing.

3.30p.m.:AttendclosingofLegion ofMaryCongressintheCathedral. 7.30p.m.:AssistatEveningDevotionsandimpartPontificalBenedic. tion.

DEATHOFFATHERT.MASTERSON.

Weregrettoannouncethedeathof Rev.FatherT.Masterson,ParishPriest ofClaremont,whodiedonWednesdayeveninglast,November18,atSt.John ofGod'sHospital,Subiaco.Afullaccountofthefuneralobsequies,commencingat9,30am.onFriday,November20,inSt.Thomas'Church, Claremont,willappearinnextweek's issueof"TheRecord."Requiescatin pace!

GregorianChant

ProgressinGoldfields

REQUIEMINST.MARY'S,KALGOORLIE

OnFriday,November13,aSolemn RequiemMasswassungbytheGoldfieldschildrenforthereposeofthe soulsofmembersoftheForcesfrom theGoldfieldswhohadmadethesupremesacrifice.Thecelebrantwasthe Rev.J.Murphy,deaconRev.P.Carmody,andthesub-deaconRev.J. McCarthy.Rev.J.Nolanwasmaster ofceremonies.

ThechoirofseveralhundredchildrencamefromtheChristianBrothers' Boys'School,andtheparochialschools ofKalgoorlie,BoulderandButlerstreet.TheDiocesanDirectorofSacredMusic(Rev.A.Lynch),whowas inKalgoorliefortheoccasion,directedthesinging, Thoughtheyear'sprogrammewasa

ChildrenSingRequiemfor DeceasedTeachers

Nomoretouchingandconvincingoccasionforcontentmentatthework doneinourschoolsforthepromotion andspreadofthesingingofGregorian ChantcouldbefoundthanthatprovidedbythefuneralRequiemVassfor thereposeofthesoulofthelateBrotherT.A,McMahon,inSt.Mary'sCathedralandthatforthereposeofthe soulofthelateMotherM.St.Rufine, attheChurchoftheSacredHeart, Highgate.

AttheformertheboysofAquinas CollegesangthewholeoftheRequiem, includingthe"Liberame,"andtheir beautifulsingingwasnotonlyanoble prayerbutawonderfullasttributeto abelovedmaster.

SimilarlyatHighgatethegirlstrainedbytheSistersofNotreDamedes Missionsmadeamostprofoundimpression,especiallyuponthemany priestspresent.Thegirlsthemselves sangthewholeMasswithoutsupportof organordirection.Theyknewexactlywhenandwhattosing,andthe effectwasmostmoving.Whatcould havegiventheteachersmoresatisfactionthanthustoseethefruitoftheirs andthechildren'slaboursofferedso beautifullyfortheirdepartedsisterand teacher,

longanddifficultone,itwasevident thatgoodprogresshadbeenmade,particularlywiththeboys.St.Mary's ConventSchoolprovidedthescholafor theoccasion,andtheirsingingofthe Gradual,TractandOffertorytothe originalmelodieswasparticularlygood.

TheRev.FatherLynch,addressing thechildren,complimentedthemon theirsinging,andpointedouttothem whatawonderfulthingitwasthat theyshould,bythefruitoftheiryear's hardwork,beabletotakesobigand activeapartintheofferingofthis SolemnRequiemforthesoulsofthe faithfuldeparted,andpointedouthow muchgreaterwastheirshareinitsofferingthanhadtheybeenmerepassivelypresentataLowMass,Onbehalf ofHisGracetheArchbishophethankedthepriestsofthedistrictfortheir wholeheartedco-operation,andthe teachersforthesplendidworkthey haddone.

Allthosepartsofthechurchleft unoccupiedbythechildrenwerefilled byanadultcongregation.

000LGARDIE.

Unfortunately,owingtotransport difficulties,thechildrencouldnotbe presentattheRequieminKalgoorlie, butmadeupforthisbysingingaRequiemintheirownchurchonSaturday,November14.Theirsingingwas, asusual,verybeautiful,thisConvent Schoolfromtheoutsethavingseta veryhighstandard.

QUARANT'ORE

*Sunday.

NOVEMBER.

4th.ShentonPark:OneDayofExposition.

5th.Belmont:OneDayofExposition

DECEMBER.

Sunday.

1st.MaylandsandEastFremantle: FortyHoursPrayer(4th.-6th.).

2nd.LeedervilleFortyHoursPrayer I1th.-13th.)

3rd.York:OneDayofExposition.

4th.BridgetownOneDayofExposition

'WeShallStandinPeriliftheenemy

Succeedsitttranseaurasia

Germanyisfullyextendedorshe wouldopenathirdfrontagainst SyriaandPalestine

Thebattlesnowbeingfoughtin Russiaarethemosttremendoussince 1940;bothinthesensethatthelargest numbersofmenandtanksareinvolved-thetotalstrengthundervon Bock'scommandalonehasbeenestimatedatsome800,000menand4,000 tanks-andinthesensethatmoredependsupontheimmediateoutcome thandidupontheimmediateoutcome ofanycampaignsincethen.Even theperilofthesummerof1940wasnot. greaterthantheperilinwhichwe shouldstandiftheenemyshouldsucceedinestablishinghimselfinTranscaucasia,andfindhimselftriumphant ontheflankofourMiddleEasternarmies.Vlieshouldbeindangeroflos. ingourRussianalliesasafighting Power;ofsufferingacripplingblowattheheartofoursystemofimperial defence;ofseeingsubstantialcontact effectedbetweenourGermanandJapaneseenemies.

Already,asIwrite,theenemy'sadvancedunitsarenearlytwohundred milestothesouthofRostov.Itis theGermanclaim,thetruthorfalsity ofwhichwillnodoubtbeclearbythe timethesewordsareinprint,that someofhisforcesarealreadyinthe regionofMaikop,themostnortherlyofthecentresofCaucasianoil.But armiesofMarshalTimoshenkoarestillintact,inreadinessforan attackontheflankofthislongdrawnoutGermansalientwhichmaybeexpectedtobreakatanytime.TheItalianjournalist,VirginioGayda,hasconfirmed,fromenemyinformation,that greatreservesaremassedbetweenthe lowerVolgaandtheeasternCaucasus, readytogivebattle;andMarshal Budyonnyisbelievedtobeincommandofaforcewhichhehasbeen assemblingduringthepastsixmonths, consistingpartlyofnewly-trainedrecruitsandpartlyofveteransofthe Cossackcavalrywhichfoughtunder himin1920Themomentisindeeda graveone.Butinadditiontospeculationontheimmediatepossibilitiesof aRussiancounter-attack,whichis necessarilybasedonimperfectinformation,andwillbejustifiedorcontradictedbyeventsintheverynearfuture,therearelong-rangefactorswhich standinourfavourifabalance-sheet bestruck.

RUSSIANMORALE.

ForemostamongtheseisthemagnificentmoraleofourRussianallies; andhighmorale,ifwemayacceptNapoleon'sestimate,isinthelastresort threetimesasimportantasgoodequipment.Inhisdaylessdependedon theequipment.andmoreonthemen usingit:butthedifference,aswas wellshownintheGreekcampaign,is notsogreatasmightbesupposed.

Clausewitzhimselfplacedhighamong theprinciplesofstrategythatbywhich theArmywhichknowsthatitisfightinginajustcausewillhavetheadvantage,inthelongrun,overtheArmy whichoutragestheopinionofitsenemiesandtheworld:theclassicdemonstrationofthetruthofthisistobe

014 INMEMORIAM 44

CLOHESY.-Ofyourcharity,prayfor thereposeofthesoulofNorahAgnes Clohesv,whodiedNovember22,1939. OurLadyofPerpetualSuccour,pray forher.

FLANAGAN.-Ofyourcharity,pray forthereposeofthesoulofRev, ThomasFlanagan,whodiedNovember20,1941. Mayherestinpeace.

foundinthewarof1914-18.Andof allcausesnonemaintainsthemorale ofanArmyhigherthanthatofthe defenceofitsownhomeland.Even fromGermansourcestherehavebeen nostoriesoftreacheryamongtheRussians.TheCossacksofthelowerDon, whohaveinthepastshowedleastenthusiasmforthecollectivisedagricultureoftheSovietregime,nowshow themselvesforemostaspatriots.The inspirationofpatriotismistobefoun.1 inhistory,and SovietGovernment, understandingthis,ismoreandmore recallingthegreatRussianmilitary heroesofthepast.Suvorov,,KutusovandAlexanderNevskigivetheir namestothreenewly-createdmilitary decorations.Theresponsetothecall todefendthehomeland"stepbystep" issuperb.Bycontrast,iftheGermans,andthe"kept"divisionsfrom ItalyandtheDanubiancountries,are fightingnowwithanorderedfrenzy, itisafrenzywhichisessentiallyartificial,whichwillsurelyfadeifthereis notthatdecisionbeforethewinter comesforwhicheveryeffortisbeing made.

GERMANYEXTENDED.

Wehavetorememberthatthe enemyisalreadyextendedtotheutmost.Wecanassumethisfromhis failuretoco-ordinateathirdoffensive withthoseontheRussianandEgyptianfronts:anoffensiveagainstSyria andPalestinethroughCyprus.Cyprus isfartherfromhisstrikingbases-the DodecaneseandCrete--thanCreteis fromtheBalkanmainlandwhencethe assaultwaslaunchedinMayoflast year.AnoffensiveintheLevanttodaywouldcertainlypresenttheenemy withverygreatdifficulties;wemaybe confidentthatCyprusisstronglyheld, bymenwhohavelearntthelessonsof Crete;butitwouldbeworthundertaking,evenwithslightprospectof success,simplytodrawasmuchas possibleoftheBritishNinthand TenthArmiesawayfromthethreatenedareasoftheNileandTranscaucasia, Itisnotcertain,butitisveryprobable,thatiftheenemyisnotundertakingthisitisbecauseheisnotina positiontodoso;thatis,becausehe isalreadyfullyextended.Allhis militarystrengthisbeingdevotedto theefforttoachieveadecisionthis yearinRussiaandinEgypt,inthe beliefthattobreaktheresistanceof theRussiansandtogaintheSuez Canalwouldbetoobtainafinaldecision,by-creatingageographicaldispositionofforceswhichcouldcompel ourAmericanalliesandourselvesto acceptthenotionofastalemate.

Thereisaninescapableparallelbetweenthepresentmightyonslaught andLudendorff'sgreatoffensivein March,1918.Thescaleoftheeffort betokensdeterminationtoensurean earlydecision.Hitleristo-daylosing menandmachines,notalonefromthe casualtieswhichtheRussiansareinflicting,butfromsheerexhaustionalso, ataratewhichhecannotcontinueto sufferforverylong.Thereisalimit tomechanicalaswellastohumanendurance.ThePanzerdivisionswhich arecarryingthefullweightofthe thrusttowardstheCaucasuswillbeunabletofightinthespringastheyare fightingnow.TheGermansmayrest theirmentosomeextentduringanotherwinter,ifconditionsaremore favourablethantheywerelastwinterandoneofthemainadvantageswhich theenemygainsfrompossessionofa greatcitylikeRostovisthatitprovidesaforwardresting-baseandrepair shops-hutnoamountofrestwillre-

qField-MarshalBirdwoodofAnzac StrikesaMartialBalance-Sheet-

newtheefficiencyofmotorvehicles, andtherecomesapointbeyondwhich theycannolongerberestoredtoefficiencybymechanics.AsinglePanzer divisiondoesnotconsistonlyofsome fourhundredlightandmediumtanks; itincludesalsomorethanthreethousandothermotorvehicles,eachrequiringtobekeptinrepair.Thelifeof eachoneoftheseisalimitedterm.If successisachievedwithinthatterm, wellandgood;ifitisnot,theymust bereplaced.Similarly,the105mm. generalpurposegun-howitzerwhichis nowthechiefweaponofthemobile assaultartilleryaccompanyingthe Panzers,musthavenewbarfelsperiodicallyfittedaswellasfreshammunitioncontinuallybroughtup.

Nowitwouldberashtoclaimthat evento-daytheenemyiswearingout andlosinghisenginesofwarfaster thantheycanheproducedbyallthe factoriesofEuropewhichareworking forhim:butitisunlikelythatfresh materialcanreachhisadvancedforces -uponwhichalldepends-asrapidly astheyareusingit.Inthatsense, therefore,hemustbe"livingonhis capital."Consideringthegreatlength ofhissupplylines,theactivitiesofthe "partisans,"thefactofthewidergauge ontheRussianrailwaysandtheprobabilitythattheRussianshaveleftbehindlittlerolling-stockinserviceable condition-consideringallthesethings, itisunlikelythateventhephenomenallyefficientOrganisationTodtcan bringupthenewmaterialfastenough tokeeppacewiththelosses.The Germansboastthatinthefirstfour monthsofwarwithRussiatheysent 40,000tonsofmaterialtothefrontby air,insupply-planesthatflewthirteen millionmiles.Butnoveryheavymaterialcanbesoconveyed;andnow thatthedistancesaresomuchgreater, supply-planes,compelledtocarrymore petrol,musttakelesserloads,orelse startfrominconvenientadvanced bases.Inadditiontothis,theenemy hasthevastproblemsofprovisioning histroopsandmaintainingallthecorn plexauxiliaryservicesofamodern Army.

LOSSANDGAIN.

Wemustnot,however,buildtoo muchontheseconsiderations.The Russiansareconsumingtheirmaterialatanequalrate;doubtless,indeed, atagreater,sincearetreatingArmy mustleavemuchbehind.Ifthe enemyisspendinghisstrengthlavishly,itisonlyafterweighingtherisks andthecost,andconvincinghimself thataresultcanbeachievedcommensuratewithwhathasbeenoutlaid.The greaterhisadvancethemorttenuous arehiscommunicationswithhisprimarybases;butitisalsotruethatthe greaterhisadvancethebetter.tosome extent,arehislateralcommunications. Healreadycontrolsthegreaterpartof thenorth-to-southrailways,sothathe canrapidlytransferforcesfromone partofthefronttoanother,aschangingfortunesmayrequire;whilethe Russianscannolongerdoso.To takeaconcreteexample,hecanrelieve hisdefendersatVoronezhmoreeasily thantheRussianscanincreasetheir pressurethere.Wheneveranymilitaryassetchangeshands,theeffect hastobeconsideredseparatelyfrom twopointsofview;asaffectingnot onlythesidethatlosesit,buttheside thatgainsitalso.InmuchcommentaryontheRussianwarremarkson thenegativeconsequencestotheRussiansofthelossofthenorth-to-south railwayshastendedtoobscurethe-positiveadvantagetotheGermans.Likewiseinthematteroftheoil,itis necessarytoconsidernotonlywhat wouldhappeniftheGermansgained it,butalsowhatmusthappenifthe Russiansloseit, Nothingwasmoredisquieting,inthe earlystagesofthewar,thantheprevalenceoftheillusionthatsomeinexorableeconomicfact-suchasthedispositionoftheworld'soil-fields-would

bringthewartoanearlyandsatisfactoryconclusion,withorwithouta greatmilitaryeffortonourpart.There hashappilybeenpracticallynosign ofthissortofillusionduringthepast yearorso;itis,indeed,oneofthe ironiesofthewarthatitwasapparentlyfromtheSovietUnionthatwe learnednottoplaceourtrustineconomicdeterminism.JustasinRussia patriotismhasbeenre-establishedasa primaryvirtue,sowithusthereisa clearerrealisationthat"bloodand tearsandtoilandsweat"isindeedthe onlyrecipeforvictory.To-dayso littlestoreissetbytheallegationof "Hitler'sshortageofoil"that,asthe dangertotheCaucasianoil-fieldsdevelops,allcommentatorsrecognisethe threatenedlosstoRussiaasmuch graverthanthethreatenedgaintothe enemy:asindeeditis.Theenemy hasalreadysufficientexperienceof scorchedearth,andcanhardlyhope that,howeversuccessfulhisarmoured columnsmayhe,theoil-fieldswillfall tohiminimmediatelyworkablecondition.Thehopeofoilisonlyone ofthelesserincentivestothepresent tremendousassault;themajorincentiveisthehopeofdeprivingtheRussiansofthatoiluponwhichtheircontinuedefficiencydepends.Beingan oil-producingcountry,theRussianeconomyhascometodependonoiltoa verymuchgreaterextentthandoesthe economyofGermany.TheGermans, inthestrivingafter"autarky"which wasthepreparationforwar,reduced theirdependenceonoiltoaminimum, usinginsteadtheirowncoal;yeteven so,itisestimatedthatGerman-occupiedterritoryhasto-dayanannual minimumconsumptionforpurposes thatarenotdirectlymilitarybutare yetessentialtothewareffortofat least8-milliontons,asagainstamilitaryconsumptionofhardlyhalfthat amount.EventheGermans,thatis, useatleasttwogallonsbehindthe linesforeverygalloninaction.The Russianstatisticsarelessaccessible, buttheyprobablyneedatleastfiveor sixgallonsbehindthelines,asagainst theGermantwo.Thedangerisnot somuchthattheRussianfighting forcesmaybeimmobilised,asthatthe

(ContinuedonPage14,,

FurtherSchoolSupport ForC.W.O.

Sinceaspecialappealwasmadeto ConventSchoolchildrenbytheC.W.O. inJulylast,anumberofdonations havebeenreceived,andlistspublished fromtimetotime.Thefollowingisa furtherlistofamountsreceivedsince thelastlistwasp',bished---

St.Mary'sConvent,Kalgoorlie

St.Brigids'School,Midland Junction

SacredHeartConvent,Wagin EastVictoriaParkConvent School

SacredHeartHighSchool (SportsDay)

SacredHeartPrimarySchool (SportsDay)

SacredHeartPrimarySchool Parents'andFriends'Association,asresultofanentertainment 550

St.Philomena'sConvent,Narrogin 500

TheexecutiveoftheC.WO.are greatlyencouragedbythereadyresponsetotheirappeal.Theyknow thatanumberofConventSchoolshave conductedentertainments,andthatin manycasesthechildrenhaveforfeited theirsportsprizemoneyforthebenefit oftheOrganisation,SomeConvents haveadvisedthattheyintendtoconducttheirChristmasentertainmentsfor thefundsoftheOrganisation.

Atalaterdateacompletelistand thetotalreceivedwillbepublished

To-day, portant Thishas consumption, sometimes :luctyou

Plaistowe partin necessitated and can't want.

andCo.,Ltd,,areplaying thesupplyingoffoodfor areducedoutput accountsforthereason buytheparticularPlaistowe Plaistowe'sfeelsureyou theirposition. 0ill

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MANUFACTURERS ST.PERTHNVAUSTRALIA

WEREYOU IF LUCKCHARLES

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ONESTHISTIME FROM&CO. WilsonandJohn's). byTheThousand. STREET(Next FOR2/6.OtherPrizes

INTERNATIONAL

TRISHTISH DELIVERIES

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ANYWHERE. PHONE toHospitals,EducationalandReligious OLDESTANDLARGESTFISH WESTERNAUSTRALIA. OILINLARGEORSMALLQUANTITIES. ,,....;:j":Acr,`41',

4;:::'::7;:1,r'' ';';2i.

Shorthand-Typistes Bookkeeper-Typistes

Ifyoulook anyday,you hand-Typistes, Thereareseveral positionsmust thecommunity.

Ifyouhave nowforacourse inanoffice? Itprovidesfor nessArithmetic, meterandLedger

Ifenrolled Shewillbeable andthushave YearTrainees

Allgraduates practicalexperience and-moreimportant LIFE, Call,write ing.'Enquiries

your tosettle theadvantage commence. ofthis in still-FREE or'phone placeyou

Commercial W.A.'s House, ,,=%.I::=7:-,:-:::--1 l::".rtc't"..7Lr"="11.:.,.°Z ca1=77,,......,i,..i........,i,,, C7, 1 (is,,:,....,4 ii77[77% ---L-Wanted Wanted

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ofthedailypaper advertisingforShortOperators,etc. thereason,these ordinarybusinessof age,whynotenrolthem themtotaketheirplace thecoursetheyneed. Bookkeeping.BusioftheComptoinayear'stime. theChristmasvacation, progressbeforetheNew badge,2to3months' firstappointment, SERVICEFOR

College Street,Perth

H.A.C.B.S.

AnnualGeneralCommunionand Breakfast.

OnSunday,29th.inst.,attheS 'clockMass,whichwillbecelebrated yHisGracetheArchbishop,theanualGeneralCommunionwillbeheld Indthebreakfastwilltakeplaceat heCathedralHallimmediatelyafteryards.Everymemberwhocanposiblydosoisaskedtoparticipate.

ThefollowingtransportarrangenentshavebeenmadeforthememersofSt.Mary'sBranch,Leederville, t.Malachi'sBranch,Highgate,and t,Kevin'sBranch,Subiaco,respectively:

St.Mary'sBranch:LeaveScarbor)ughBusServiceGarage,NorthBeach Road,at7.20,andtraverseNorth Beach-road,Oxford,Vincent,Fitzgerald,BrisbaneandBeaufort-streets.

St.Malachi'sBranch:Leavecorner FirstAvenueandBeaufort-streetat 7.25,andtraverseBeaufort-street.

St.Kevin'sBranch:LeaveSt.Joseph'sHallat7.30,andtraverseAxon andHay-streets.

Themembersofotherbranchescan btainparticularsofthetransportarrangementsfromtheirrespective branchsecretaries.

St.Joachim'sBranch.

Thepresident,Bro.P.Reidy,presidedoveragoodattendanceatthe meetingheldonNovember9.We areverypleasedtosaythatSr.M. FindlayandBro.J.Kellyhavealmost recoveredfromtheirrecentillness. Bro.PEllyard(R.A.A.F.),whorecentlyunderwentanoperation,isnowconvalescentandhopestoreturntohis dutiesafterafewweeks'leave.Sr.M. SymondshasgonetoBunburyfora fewweeks.Wewishherapleasant holiday.WeextendourcongratulationstoBro.H.Flanagan(ATP.), whowonthehighestpointsforquoits intheM.S.C.competitions.Bro.T.P. Murphy'sresignationfromtheposition ofsecretarywasreceivedwiththe deepestregret.Bro.Murphyhasjust completedhisninthyearassecretary tothebranch,andweareverysorry tolosetheservicesofonewhowasalwaysreadytohelpuswithhissound advice.Thenextmeetingisonthe 23rd.inst.,whentheelectionofofficerswillbeheld.

TacticalBlunders

ContinuedfromFrontCover.) decisioninthiswarwillnotbereachedintheFarEast,norIndia,northe NearEast,norevenRussia.

IftheAlliesdonotlosethisbalancedperspectiveduringthesedays ofclamourforasecondfront,they cannotlosethewar.Andforthedemocracies,notlosingthewarmeans winningit.WithHitler,itisquite thecontrary,forhecanwinthiswar onlyifhedictatespeaceinWashingtonorLondon.

Beingunabletodosomeansdefeat, anddefeatmeansrevolutionwithin Germany.TheGermanArmyand theGermanpeopleareinmuchthe samestateofmindasthatofMarch, 1918. Everyoneamongthemknows thatthelastchancefordecisiveactionapproaches.Mostofthemhope thatitwillbringvictory,butallare convincedthatifsuccessisnotachievedbyOctober1,allisover.Following thattherearepossibilitiesforasrapid adisintegrationaswasinitiatedby thefailureoftheGermanoffensivein 1918, To-day'sbattle-cryforopeningupa secondfrontinEurope,therefore,can havebutonevalidmeaning:apropagandaoffensivetoprepareaGerman Revolution.Thisisapoliticaltask whichmustbetackledbythedemocracies.

-"CatholicHerald

Re-UnionTennisDay.

Thelong-awaitedTennisDayhasarrived,andIammakingafinalappeal toeachandeveryonetomakeittheir businesstobepresentatthisfunction thisafternoon.Iamcertainthatall members,whetherpastorpresent,will notletthisre-uniongobywithout makingitoneofthemostoutstanding eventstheAssociationhaseverconducted.TheAssociationisdepending onyou,sopleasedon'tletitdown. Therewillbeplentyofopportunityto playtennis,astherewillbetwelve courtsavailable.Evenifyouareunabletoplaytennis,honourthefunction byyourpresence.Youwillbemost welcome,andIknowthatafteritis alloveryouwillsay:"Well,I'mglad Iwentalong.Ienjoyedeveryminute ofit."Soletyoursloganbe,"I'llbe seeingyouatRobertsonPark."

Ihaveheardquitealotlatelyabout thejuniormembersofSt.Joachim's Club.Theirrunningofsuccessful dancesseemstobeoneoftheirmany outstandingqualifications.Ihave alsoheardthatthereareanumberof thesememberswhohaveissuedachallengetoJimTullytoplayhimtennis atRobertsonPark,astheywanttosee himinaction.I'dliketowarnthese youngmemberstobecarefulofJim, becausehehasaverynastyservice whenhegetsintoaction.Hehas whattheycall"courtcraft:'

PIANOTUNING

Z.Dines,16DuncanStreet,Victoria Park. ACOMPACT, CONCISE, ACTIVESERVICE PRAYERBOOK PaperCover 9d. KhakiClothCover 2/BlueClothCover 2/LeatherCover 4/6 (Postage,11d.)

Rev.G.Butler, M.S.C.,andpublishedbyauthorityoftheC.U.S.A.,Queensland,thisnewprayerbookfor CatholicSoldiers.Sailorsand Airmenisthebestyetprinted formenintrainingandonactiveservice. Itcontainsthefull

Mass,all

YouMustNot'Swing'PlainChant

(ContinuedfromPage4).

notproperforanyliturgicalservices. Thesameprinciplestandsforhundreds ofothercompositions,eventhoughthe choirmasterorthepastormayhave tobattlewithhisbacktothewallin avalientefforttokeepthemfrom beingplayedinthemidstofadivine service.OnSaintPatrick'sDay,for instance,liturgicallawsdieathousand deaths.

Theissueisdeepandserious,no doubt,eventhoughthereisnomalice oneitherside.Still,theansweris easytogive.Anyonewhoinsistson makingpersonalfeelingsthenormfor decidingwhatmusicshouldbesungin church,isalsosuspiciouslyclosetothe viewthatprivateinterpretationalways justifiesanydevoutbeliever.Itisa goodthingtohavecertainconvictions andbeliefs,butitisevenbettertohave arightconscience.Personallikes,dislikes,feelings,andopinionsmustconformtolaw,beforetheycanbeset downastherightruleofconduct, eveninthechoirloft.Oncethe Churchhassetdownthedesignfor song,thebestpolicyistofollowthat normandnottoappealtosomerather ''roralandgiddyconvictionsinattemptstojustifysweetlysentimental hymnswhichrepresentthezenithof lovebutthenadirofliturgicalspirit.

Alltheseproblems,andmore,must thechoirmasterface.Everyoneknows howdifficultitistomanageachoirof temperamentalandchronicallyjealous singers.Probablythatisthereason whysomanypastorsdonoteven botherwiththeirchoirs,sincetheyrealiseattheoutsethowtroublesomeand bothersomeandthanklessisthetask.

Priestshaveenoughworriesintheir ownendofthechurchwithoutshoulderingmorefromthechoirthtt.

Intheseminarythereisnotthe samedifficulty.Itiseasytounderstandwhymusiccanbepoorinparish churchesattimes,butthereisnoreasonwhymusicinseminariesshould bemediocre.Asamatteroffact,it isnotmediocre,either.Eventhebest choirmayhaveitsoff-days,andeven thebestchoirsmaystumbleoveran unusualOffertoryorCommunion.

Thesethingsareallhazardsofthe :ameArtistryincludesthe"ability tocoverupmistakes,"andoneofthe wisestrulesofliturgyisthus:"Ifyou makeamistake,correctitgracefully."

Enthusiasticloversofthechant -nayboastofthecompleteperfection oftheiridol,butsurelyitisnottreasontowithholdsuchcompletedevotion.OneneednotbecomeaLutherantoagreewithLuthertothisextent

DERBY'S

MURRAYSTREET,PERTH.

PhonesB9731(threelines)

B7777 B9101(twolines) REGISTEREDW.A.T.A.

ALEXRODOREDA

TurfCohunissionAgent

802HAYSTREET.

AGENTFORW.A.CHARITIES.

RingB5841andB5238.

NORTHAM.

E.0.TRESISE, M.P.S.,S.A.andW.A.

MANUFACTURINGAND DISPENSINGCHEMIST. ForServiceandQuality.

Tel.:61Northam.

ALBANY.

H.C.PriorFuneralDirector

ALBANY(Established19211 PrivateMortuary.MotorVehicles, ChargesModerate. 'Phone215.

Albany,Mt.Barker,Denmarkand Districts,

-thatpoorlyrenderedplainchant doesremindoneofthe"brayingofa wildass.-Neitherwholesoleidolatry norcompletecondemnationistheright attitude.EverythingthatShakespeare wroteisnotperfect;someofBeethovenandChopinisratheraimless andpointless:andsomeoftheantiphonsorhymnsofplainchantdonot inspireraptorthrillingemotion.

Plainchantisnotfiguremusic,and itisabsurdtojudgeitonthesame basis.Thereisnothingsillierthan thespectacleoftone-deafpeoplecontemptuouslydismissingRachmaninoff andIleifetzandPaderewski.Their criticismsareworthless,becausethey comefromtotalmisconceptionandignorance.Soalsoaremanyofthe criticismsagainstthechant.Anappreciationofitsbeautymustbe graduallyacquired,anditsspiritassimilated.Itisathrillingthingto seestudentswhoknewnothingbut jazzmusicacquireadevotiontothe Gregorianchant.Theybecomeawed bythequaveringandrichlyhaunting melodies.Musicwasalwaysintheir souls,butheretoforetheyhavebeen satisfiedwithitscounterfeit.Wasit notMozartwhosaidthathewould gladlygiveupallhisotherfame,ifit couldonlybesaidofhimthathehad writtentheGregorianPreface?That melodyisfascinatingandundeniably beautiful.Childrenonthestreet oftensingit,andmanyaclerichas hadto"shush"analtarboywhotried tosingitalongwiththecelebrantat HighMass, Americaisayoungnationevennow, anditispolyglotinitspopulation. Anyseminaryhasmanyracesrepresentedinitsstudentbody.Butthe "LiberUsualis"isknowneverywhere, andGregorianisthecommonhymnody ofallpriests.Itisapitythatso manyoftheCatholiclaityneverseem tolearnwhattrueChurchmusicis,becausetheyseemnevertohearit.

ThereisnodoubtthatAmericaloves music,too.Peopledodotbuyradios tohearspeeches.Theprimarypurposeistohearmusic-makenomistakeaboutthat.Theymayjustas wellheargoodmusicaspoorstuff,too. Americanpriestscandothemafavourbyopeningthedoorevenwider,so thatallofourpeoplemayhavethe chancetohearwhatproperchantis. Happythechoirmasterorthepastor whofindsoneofthosedivinelyinspiredvoicesthatGodsendsatirregular intervalstostirthedustywatersof thepoolofroutine.Aroundthisvoice hecanbuildachoircapableofintensebeauty.Theboysmaysingof thehappinessthatcomeswhenthey are"deepintheheartofTexas,"but thatisonlyamood.Swingmusicis allrightinitsplace,andthatplaceis thedancehall. ButGoddeservesbettermusicthan that.GiveHimplainchant.Ithas everything.

Children'snovels,illustratedbooks, andallkindsofstorybookssuitablefor JuvenileSectionofourCatholicLibrary,arewanted.

CatholicSchoolsShineisState AthleticChampionships

12Outof27TitlesAnnexed

AQUINASOUTSTANDING.

IntherecentStateSthoolboys'AthleticChampionships,conductedbythe W.A.AmateurAthleticAssociation, atLeedervilleOval,onSaturday,November7,ourCatholicschoolswere veryprominent,theirrepresentatives annexingnofewerthantwelveofthe tewnty-sevenStateChampionships. AquinasCollegerepresentatives,by gainingseventitles,provedtheirsuperiorityovertheothercompeting schools,PerthModernSchool,withsix titles,beingtheirclosestrivals.The othersuccessfulCatholicschoolswere C.B.H.S.,Highgate,withthreetitles, St.Ildephonsus'College,NewNorcia, andCRC.,Leederville,gainingone titleeach.

Twoofthemostprominentathletes ofthedaywereK.Deane(Aquinas College)andJ.Carmody(C.B.H.S., Highgate),eachofwhomwontwo events.

Thefollowingisadetailedaccount oftheeventswonbyourCatholic schools,andalsoeventsinwhichplaces weresecured:-

(Abbreviationsused:AquinasCollege(Aq.),ChristianBrothers'High School,Highgate(C.B.H.S.H.),ChristianBrothers'College,Leederville (C.B.C.L.),ChristianBrothers'College, Perth(C.B.C.P.),St,Ildephonsus'College,NewNorcia(S.I.C.)

100YardsChampionships:

Under17:K.Deane(Aq.), B. Robinson(Aq.),2 Time,10.7sec.

Under16:T.Bourke(Aq.),1;D. PaskosS.I.C.),2. Time,llsec.

Under15:J.Schwarz(Aq.),2,

Under13:A.DeGruchy(Aq.),1; K.Kennedy(C.B.C.P.),2.Time.12.1 secs.

75Yards.under12:B,Worner (C.B.C.L.),1:R.Fraser(C.B.C.P.),2; T.MeagherAq,)3.Time,9.9secs.

220YardsChampionships:

Under18:C.Huntley(C.B.C.P.),3.

Under17:K.Deane(Aq.),1;B. RobinsonTAq.),2.Time,24sec.

EightyPerCent.ofthePopulation.. AreAfflictedwithSomeFormof SpinalDefect,thatisthecauseofso muchNervousness,Indigestion,Headache,Rheumatism,MentalWeakness, andothergraveanddangerousDiseases.

CONSULTTHEQUALIFIED CHIROPRACTORatMcLAREN'S CHAMBERS.144WILLIAMSt., PERTH. 'PHONEB2582. "TheChiropractorneverresortsto DrugsorSurgery;hemerelytriesto relievetheimpingednerveand

Mr.AndrewMartin

NO

Under16:J.Carmody(C.B.H.S.H.(, 1:T.BourkeAq,),2;D.Paskos (SIC.),3. Time,24.3secs. Under15:R.JeffreyIC.B.H.S.H.).

3. Under14:A,BirchC.B.H.S.H.),3.

440YardsChampionships: Under17:R.Green(C.B.H.S.H.),1; J.Pasco(C.B.C.P.),2.Time,57.4secs,

Under16:J.Carmody(C.B.H.S.I1

1. Time,56.lsecs.

880YardsChampionships:

Under17:R.Trend(Aq.),1;J.Pasco (C.B.C.P.),2. Time,2min.8.9secs.

Under16:W.Cochrane,C.B.H.S.H.),

2. OneMile:

Under18:J.Coakley(S.I.C.),1;K. Bailey(C.B.C.P,),3. Time,5min. 10.4secs.

Hop,StepandJump:

Under18:J.Coakley(S.I.C.),3

BroadJumps:

Under18:M.Hesford(Aq.), 1.

Distance,19ft.Win

Under17:K.Bailey(C.B.C.P.),2.

Under16:R.Cunningham(C.B.H.S.H),2.

HighJump

Under15:C.DawsonAq.),1. Height,5ft.3in

NELSON81,SONLIMITED MARKETREPORT

NELSON&SONLIMITEDreport asfollowsfortheirsaleto-day Heavysupplieswereforwardtoa firmdemand.Alllinessoldwell,recentvaluesbeingwellmaintained. Thereisastrongdemandforgood Turkeys,thisbeingtheonlyclass poorlyrepresented.Thequalityof mostconsignmentswasalsodisappointing.Turkeysshouldbesoldnow, asthehotweatherandabsenceof greenfeedinthecountryaffectsthe quality.

QUOTATIONSATPERPAIR.

COCKERELS:Prime,14/6to16/6 (specialsto176).Medium,9/-to 13/6;small,6,6to8,-.

ROOSTERS:Heavybreeds,7/6to 9.-.WhiteLeghorn,4/9to6/6.

HENS:Heavy,11/-to12/-(specials to13/6).Medium.8!-to9;6.Light, lower.WhiteLeghorn,4/6to6/6.

CHICKENS:Heavybreeds,8to10 weeks,3/6to4/6,WhiteLeghorn, 2/-to3/-.

DRAKES:Prime,20/.to21/-(specialsto22/6).Medium,16/6to18/6. Small,lower.Aged,11/-to13/-.

DUCKS:Prime,11'6to12/-.Medium,10/-to11/-, Old,7/-to8/6.

TURKEYGOBBLERS:Prime,56/to60-(onelot68/6).Fair,CV-to 48/6.Medium,28/6to35/-.Large andlight,downto20/-.

TURKEYHENS:Prime,22/6;Medium,17/6to20/-;small,lower.

GEESE:16/-to17/-.

EGGS:StandardNewLaid,specials, 1:51;Standard,1/41-;MediumHen, 1/21;Pullet,1/2. StandardCooking,1/11.Pulletcooking,llid.

BUTTER:Heavysuppliesandprice eased.1/-to1/2forstores.

Address:METROPOLITANMARKETS,PERTH.

Doyouwishtohelpeducateapriest forworkinWesternAustralia?RememberSt.Charles'SeminaryEducationFundinyourwill.

Field-MarshalBirdwood

(ContinueefromPage11.) Russianeconomywhichsupportsthem maybeparalysed.

InsofarastheinvasionofRussia inthefirstplacehadamotiveofeconomicgainbehindit,SirThomasHolland-atonetimeacolleagueofmine inIndia-hasgivenitashisopinion thattheGermanswereattractedby

themanganeseoftheDonetzbasin, whichfellintotheirhandslastyear, ratherthanbytheoiloftneCaucasus. To-day,wemayjudgethatitisdreams ofthePersianGulf,ratherthandreams oftheoil-fields,whichmakethemturn southwardsfromtheDonratherthan eastwardswiththeirmainthrust.They wanttodenytheoil-fieldstotheRussians,Butthatcouldbedonemerely byseveringcommunications;asamore positiveaimtheyhaveyetbigger prizesinmind.

TheyexpectedinJune,1941,however,asHitlerhasadmitted,thatthe Russiandefencewouldquicklybreak down.Theyexpectedanotherrapid campaign;longer,perhaps,butcertain. lynotcontinuingthroughthewinter. And,havingstressedsufficientlythe needforcautionwhencountingthe stateoftheiroilreservesasaconditioningfactorinGermanstrategy,we maysaywithconfidencethattheGermansnotonlydidnotexpect,but werenotinapositiontoundertake warfarerequiringahighconsumption ofoilsustainedoveraperiodofyears, insteadoftheBlitzkriegtowhichnot onlytheirmilitarygeniusbutalsotheir materialresourcesarebestadapted.

TodeprivetheRussiansthisautumn oftheCaucasiansourcesfromwhich theyobtain85percent.oftheiroil would,theGermanscalculate,beto paralysetheirdefencebeforethetime beyondwhichitwillnotbepossible fortheirowntremendousmechanised advancetocontinue.Thereisgood reasontobelievethattheGermans canmaintainthefullfuryoftheir attackuntilabouttheendofOctober. Bythattime,inanycase,thewinter willagainbeuponthem,Canthe RussianskeeptheirArmiesinbeing untilOctober,andorganisedtodeliverapowerfulcounter-attackinthe spring,andinpossessionofthearmamentsandoilnecessaryforsucha counter-attack?

To-daythepositionisextremelydangerous.Butisishardlymoredangerousthanitwaslastsummer-insofar, thatis,asthecaseofRussiabeconsideredapartfromthepictureofthe worldwarasawhole.Fifty-onedivisionswerethenhurledagainstMoscow;perhapsthreetimestheforcethat isnowadvancingontheCaucasus.It seemedthenthatthecapitalmustfall; theconsequencesofthatwouldhave beenincalculable:yetMoscowdid notfall.Norwasitonlythewinter thatsavedit:theRussiandefenders saveditinthefield.Theymayyet savetheCaucasus.Themomentis critical;hutitisnotdesperate.

29MABELSTNORTHPERTH. TUNESANDREPAIRSPIANOS ANDORGANS. 'PhoneB5824.

TheparishionersofNorthamlearnt withregretthatRev.FatherLynchwas apatientinSt.JohnofGod'sHospital, Subiaco.Wearepleasedtoknowthat heisprogressingfavourablyandwill bewithusagainshortly.

DuringFatherLynch'sabsenceRev. FathersHoulahanandDonnellyhave visitedNorthamandenabledusto haveourMassesasusual.

OnthelastnightoftheRetreat,recentlygiveninNortham,abranchof theCatholicWomen'sLeaguewas formed,withMrs.Bonseraspresident. Mrs.Roddasecretary,andMrs.Penny treasurer.VeryRev.FatherHaugh, 0.M.I.,outlinedtheworkoftheorganisationinotherplaces.

TheCatholicladiesofSt.Joseph's parishentertainedlastMondayanumberofmembersofthewomen'sservicesatpresentinNortham.Musical items,instrumentalandvocal,games andadaintysupperhelpedtopassthe pleasanthoursaway.TheChaplain, Rev.FatherDoyle,andRev.Father Diviney,welcomedtheguestsand thankedtheirhostessesfortheirsplendidefforts.

St.VincentdePaul.

AtarecentmeetingoftheSt.VincentdePaulSociety,thepresidentwelcomedtoourconferencetwomembers ofotherbranches-Pte.Barrett,from Young,N.S.W.,andPte,J.Brown, fromSubiaco.Bothmembersexpress. edtheirpleasureatfindinganactive societyhereandgaveussomeideaof theworkoftheSt.VincentdePaul Societyintheirownparishes.

TrottingSelections

GLOUCESTERPARK.

Saturday,November21,1942.

W.A.Breeders'Handicap:Lulu Sheik,1;Kato,2;GeneralMarleen,8. BridgetownHandicap:DavidDixie, 1;MasterAntique,2;WelcomeVin,8. SunburyHandicap:BalgayJim,1; PearlScott,2;Mythical,3. BusseltonHandicap:LittleSheik,1; Wilfred'sWonder,2;Jewel'sHeir,S. NovemberHandicap:Austin'sGlobe, 1;EarlPronto,2;Queen'sGift,3. HarveyHandicap:GoldVale,1; JulianWilver,2;LadyAraby,S. HothamHandicap:RedRunner,1; Percy'sLad,2;NiceVin,3,

Tllf

Bushies'Corner

DearCornerites,-

ThatSundayisthelastSundayafter Pentecostremindsusthattheyearis runningout.Indeed,wehaveonly alittleoverfourweeksleftinwhich toreachtheObjective.AndasIwas comparingthisYear'swithlastYear's effort,Irealisedwithaguiltystart thatweareonlyafewpoundsbetter off.Awholequartenofthe£100Objectiveremainstobefoundinfour weeks!Imighttellyouthatsudden shocksofthiskinddonothelpyour pooroldAunty,andifwefailtofill theL.B.,thedisappointmentmight wellprovefatal.Thegrandtotalof thisyear'seffortwillbeannouncedin "TheRecord"ofDecember31-thelast issuefortheyear,andthelatestpossibledateforsendingindonationsor prickcardsisDecember28.Thatis, unlesstheyreachmebythatdatethey heincludedinthisyear'stotal.

NowIamgenuinelyworried,forfear wewillfail.Apartfromthedisappointmenttoallthosegoodfriendsof theCornerwhohavealreadycontributedandtoyouragedAunt,itwillbe theBushieswhosufferiftheObjective isnotrealised,SoIsendoutan urgentS.O.S.toall"absentfriends" oftheCorner,andthoseofotheryears whohavenotyetputinanappearance torallyroundandhelpusoverthis lasthurdle.TheLemonadeBottleis Yawningtoreceivethesmallestoffering.Andformyself,dearCornerites, Ishallnothavethecouragetoface theDivineChildintheChristmasCrib ifthemail-hagisnotoverflowingin thenextfewweeks.ForIshallknow thatwehavefailedtheBushiesand thatisallIreallyexistfor.ButI knowinmyheartofheartsthatthere areoldfriendsoftheCornerwho won'tletusdown.SoGodblessyou allinanticipation.

AUNTMESSY.

Pinjarra.

DearAuntBessy,--Enclosingatrifle forBusbies'fund.WishingyousuccessforyourObjective. OLDTIMER.

DearOldTimer,-Ifyoureadmy lamentabove,youwillrealisejusthow welcomeyour"trifle"was.Iwonder wheretheother"OldTimers"arehidingthemselves.Iexpectthey'll makealast-minutedash.Afterall, it'snotthepacethatcounts,It's gettingtherethatfinallymatters.Many thanks. AUNTBESSY.

LemonadeBottle

ACKNOWLEDGEDWITHTHANKS.

OldTimer

AnotherAuntie

HarleyPrice

OlivePrice

ALoveroftheLittleFlower

JustSomeone

AFriend

AFriendof

TarinRock,viaKukerin.

DearAuntBessy,-Fortythreepenny hitstohelpfilltheLemonadeBottle. WithlovefromallthelittleNaisbitts,andbestofgoodwishesfrom.

ANOTHERAUNTIE.

DearAnotherAuntie,-YouremembertheoldtagaboutwhenGreek meetsGreek.Well,Ithinkweshould haveoneaboutAunts.Howabout WhenAuntmeetsAuntie,theyhe'ra Bushie? Yourforty"trays,"a:1 securelypacked,wereverywelcome andGodblessyouforyourgenerosity. TheLemonadeBottleismakinganois-.2 likeacatpurringandthelittleNaisbittsarelargelythecauseofthese extraordinarysounds.

AUNTBESSY.

BoddingtonHotel.

DearAuntIlessy,--Iamenclosing 5s.foryourgreatBushies'Corner. Witheverysuccessfrom. HARLEYPRICE.

DearHarley,-Manythanksindeed foryourkindgiftandwishesofsuccess.YouchapsatAquinasarealmostBushiesyourselfinthatlovely woodedbendontheCanning,aren't you?Anyhow,it'sfinetoknowyou rememberthechildrenwhoaren'tas luckyasyourself.TheBushieswill helpyouinreturnbytheirprayers. AUNTBESSY, * * * *

HotelBoddington.

DearAuntBessy,-Motherhasgivenme5s.tosendtoyoutohelpalong theBushies'Cornerinthesehard times.Withluck,from OLIVEPRICE.

DearOlive(andMother),-Coming rightontopofHarley'sgift,thedonationfromyourgoodmotherandself wasmostcheering.Blessallthe Prices,thelongandtheshortandthe tall!Itwasallthemoresurprising tofindahotelsupportingtheLemonadeBottle.Butthatjustmakesit perfect.Whilesuchgoodfriends rallyaround,theBushieswon'tfind thetimestoohard,pleaseGod,Many thanks. AUNTBESSY.

DearAuntBessy,-Pleasefindenclosed10s.postalnote,inhonourof OurLadyofPerpetualSuccour,towardsthegreatworkyouaredoing fortheBushies.Wishingyouevery success. DANIEL.

DearDaniel,--Ithinkyouchosea mostappropriatenametocoveryour generousgift,for,inasense,youdid walkintothelions'den.(Youwill remembertheScripturereferstothe devilasa"roaringlion."Youhave puthimtoflight,aboveall,thedevil wecall"depression"overreachingthe Objective.IhopeGodwillprotect youasHedidtheoriginalDaniel. AlsoOurLadyofPerpetualSuccour. AUNTBESSY.

* *

DearAuntBessy,-Enclosedplease find10s.,inhonourofthe"Little Flower,"inthanksgivingforfavours received.Wishingyouallthebest. ALOVEROFTHE"LITTLE FLOWER."

DearLoverofthe"LittlePlower,"-Idon'twonderthatyouarealoverof theLittleFlower,andsheofyou,St, Theresewasinlovewiththehumblest thingsofGod,andsurelyourBushiesare"oneofthese,Hisleastones." They,inturn,willpraytotheLittle Flowerforyourintentions,andIhave nodoubtbuttheywillpersuadeher todropsomemorerosepetalsinyour direction.Athousandthanksforyour gift. AUNTBESSY.

DearAuntBessy,-Pleasefindenclosed5s.p.n.forfavourreceived throughSt.Anthony.

JUSTSOMEONE.

DearJustSomeone,-Youridentity ishiddenfrommeandtheBusbies,but theHeavenlyFatherwho"seethin secret"willrepayyouforyourremembranceoftheCause.Nottheleast thingthatSt.Anthonyfindsisthe springofgenerosityinakindly heartHefoundyours,andyou foundhim,andoutofthisgoodmeetingflowedathirdgoodthing-aidto theBushies.Godblessyou. AUNTBESSY.

*

DearAuntBessy,-Enclosedfind5s, fortheBushies,inhonourofOur BlessedMotherandSt.Joseph. AFRIEND.

DearFriend,-Manythanksforyour helptotheBushies.I'mnotsurprised,seeingyouwalkinthecompanyof OurLadyandSt.Joseph.Forthey spenttheirwholelivescaringforone Childinacountrytown.Whatbetterwayistheretohonourthemthan 1wimitatingtheirlife'swork? AUNTBESSY.

DearFriendoftheBushies,-A friendindeedinatimeofneedifever therewasone!Toseesomuch moneyallatoncealmostoverpowered me.Youmustindeedbealoverof theBushiesandofthegreatworkof helpingtopreservetheirFaith.Believeme,youwillneverregretit,and theBushiesthemselveswillnotsoon forgetsuchgenerosity,Athousand thanks. AUNTBESSY,

FILIE21136.

Happythemanwhohasafriend, Whomadversewindscanneverbend. Bless'dbehe,whothusistrue, Whosemottois"toloveanddo." Forlovingwithoutdeedsisvain, Anddoingwithoutlovebringspain. SoletusthankourGodonHigh Forfriendswehave,andwhentheydie MayHereceivethemtoHisBreast Whointhislifedidloveusbest.

IF&YOUR IWPEYES

DESERVETHY.BEST.If youconsultS.andS.your eyeswillreceivequalifiedattention.Glasseswillbeadvisedonlyifnecessary.Theywill beglazedwithhighestquality lensinattractiveframes.Visit

SAINI4EN6-SA1NEEN QUALIPII.

PatronessofAviators: OurLadyofLoreto NewBlessingforAeroplanesExplained

OnMay24,1920,theCongregationofSacredRitespublishedinthe "ArtaApestolicaeSedis"theproclamationofOurLadyofLoretoasprincipalpatronessofaviators,togetherwiththefollowingBlessingforAeroplanes:

V.OurhelpisinthenameoftheLord,

R.Whohasmadeheavenandearth(Ps.123:8).

V.BlesstheLord,0mysoul.

R.0Lord,myGod,Thouartexceedinglygreat.

V.ThoumakestthecloudsThychariot.

R.Andwalkestuponthewingsofthewinds(Ps.103:1,3).

V.Hear,0Lord,myprayer.

R.AndletmycrycometoThee(Ps.101:2).

V.TheLordbewithyou,

R.Andwiththyspirit.

Letuspray.0God,WhohastoperatedallthingsforThyown sakeandhastdestinedallelementsoftheworldfortheuseofmankind, bless thisengine,deputedforair-journeys.Inorderthatitmay serveforwiderspreadingofThyname'spraiseandgloryandforthe prompterexpeditionofhumanaffairs,freefromalldamagesanddangers andfosteringheavenlydesiresinthesoulsofthefaithfulusingit, ThroughourLord.

R.Amen.

Letuspray.0God,WholustconsecratedthehouseoftheBlessed VirginMarythroughthemysteryofThyIncarnateWordandhast placeditinthemiddleofThyChurch,shed,webeseechThee,Thy blessinguponthisengine+sothatthosewhoherebycommitthemselves onair-journeystotheprotectionoftheBlessedVirgin,mayhappily reachtheiraimandsafelyreturntotheirhome.ThroughthesameChrist.

R.Amen.

Letuspray.0God,salvationofthosethattrustinThee,adjoina goodangeltoThyservantstravellingbyairandinvokingThyhelp.He mayprotectthemonallwaysandleadthemhappilytotheaimwhich theyhaveproposedtothemselves.ThroughOurLord,R.Amen.

Thisblessinghasbeeninsertedin theneweditionoftheRomanRitual, andisthemostrecentadditionofa blessingtothisbook.Commenting onit.JohnHenniglin"OrateFratres") writes:ThereexistsnoEnglishtranslationoftheRitual,exceptthesmall editionof"TheLayfolksRitual"by AbbotCabrol(1917),which,however, givesonlynineoutofthewhole180 blessings.Two-thirdsofthepresent Ritualareconcernedwithblessings. Thesedealeitherwithobjectsorpersonstobewithdrawnfromsecularuse fortheexclusiveusebyGodandHis Church,orwithobjectsandpersons toberestoredtoortobestrengthened intheirnaturalpurpose.Thelatter blessingsconcernthemselveswithvictuals,buildings,animals,secularstates oflife,andwithtechnicalcontrivances.

TheBlessingoftheAeroplaneisthe. lastblessingfoundinthegroupof blessingsdealingwithvariousvehicles, beingprecededbythemedievalBlessingoftheBoat,theBlessingofaRailwayStation,insertedin1870,andthe BlessingforCarsandothervehicles.

IntheLatintext,theaeroplaneis literallycalled"amachinedestinedfor air-journeys."TheChurchisnotafraid ofusingtheword"machine"or"engine."Thewordalsooccursinthe BlessingoftheElectricalMachineand oftheFire-Engine,bothcomposedin thetwentiethcentury.Theword "machine"originallymeans"aremedy,"butalreadyinclassicalGreek andLatinitreceivedthemoredefinite senseof"contrivance."Amedieval hymn,forinstance,speaksofthe

"machineoftheworld"whichisruled byAlmightyGod.

Allblessingsstartwiththeversicle takenfromPsalm123,"Ourhelp .," butintheBlessingoftheAeroplane thewords"whomadeheavenand earth"areofuniquesignificance.The Latinwordfor"heaven"meansboth "heaven"and"sky,"and,withrespect totheaeroplane,inthisblessing,it meansfirstofall''theair."Bythis versicle,everyobjectorpersonwhen blessedisplacedintheuniversalorder ofGod'screation,comprisingheaven andearth.Here,"heaven"means both"theair"andthespiritualrealm.

13ymeansoftheaeroplane,anancient dreamofmankindhasbeenfulfilled: manhasbecomeabletofly,thusextendinghisdominionovertheworldto theaerialrealm.Ourblessingacids twoconsecutiveversiclestakenfrom Psalm103whichelaboratethis thought.ThesameastheBlessings ofRailwaysandTelegraphs,which werealsocomposedshortlyafterthese inventionshadbeentakenintopublic use,theBlessingoftheAeroplaneexpressestheamazementandadmiration whichpeoplefelt,andstillfeel,withregardtotheseinventions.Butinsteadofpraisingtheinventorsorthe engineers,fromtheverybeginningthe blessingturnsourthoughtstoGod.Indeed,inovercomingdistancesby meansoftelegraphs,railways,andaeroplanes,manhasbecomegreater.But Godis"exceedinglygreat."Infact, bytheseinventionsHehasbeenexalted:Hehasmadeheavenandearth, Hehascreatedman,hisintelligence,

hisskill,Hehasmadehim''alittleless thantheangels"(Ps.8:6),havingentrustedtohimtherulershipoverthe universalcreation.Evenmoreparticularly,liehasdisposedtheelements andthenaturalpowerssothatthey ..anbebroughtintoco-operation,such asisfoundinmodernengines.

Whilsttheboatisthemeansby whichmanhasmadethewaterssub. jecttohim,theaeroplaneisthe meansofrulingtheair.Butwhilst theancientBlessingoftheBoatremindsmanofthefrailtyofthismeans, invokingasitdoestheintercessionof theapostleswhoweresavedbyOur Lordinthesea-storm,theBlessingof anAeroplaneisanearnestprayerfor protectioninthegreatdangersofairjourneys,particularlyinvokingOur Ladyandtheguardianangels.Moreover,whilsttheBlessingoftheBoat teachesusthatGodhasnoneedof materialmeanswhenwalkingoverthe waters,theinitialversicleoftheBlessingoftheAeroplanepraiseGod"Who makesthecloudsHischariotandWho walksuponthewingsofthewinds." Itissignificantthatthewholeof Psalm103isrecitedintheBlessingof theTelegraph,wherethesewordsare usedasanantiphony.Indeed,in overcomingdistancesbythematerial meansoftechnicalcontrivancesand electricalw'ave's,manimitatesGod.

bless+thisengine....

Butfarfrombecomingself-confident andconceited,thefaithfulhumbly praysforGod'shelpandforgracious acceptanceofhisprayerforaspecial blessingforhisachievements.Infact, bytheinsertionoftheversiclestaken fromPsalm101:"Hear,0Lord letmycrycometoThee,"thispetition hasbeenmadeevenmorefervent.

Blessingsandliturgicalfunctions, thatmeans,theyarepublicactsof worshipperformedbytheChurchaccordingtoacertainorder.ThePriest whenadministeringtheblessingacts asaministeroftheChurchUniversal. Bythewords,"TheLordbewithyou Letuspray,"thePriestjoinshis prayerswiththoseofthecongregationattendingtheceremony.Itis

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mostappropriatethattheanswersto theversiclesshouldberecitednotonly bytheserver,butbythewholeofthe congregation,especiallybytheaerodromestaffandthepilots.Withregardtosomeothertechnicalcontrivances,suchasrailwaysandtelegraphs, thewiderpublicconcernoftheblessingshasbeenemphasisedbyreserving theiradministrationtotheBishop.As fortheBlessingoftheAeroplane,the specialsolemnityhasbeenemphasised byitsunusuallyampleform.This blessinghasnotonlyanincreasednumberofinitialversicles,butalsothree prayersinsteadoftheusualone.In fact,thecompositionofaspecialBlessingforAeroplanesissufficientevidence fortheChurch'sgraveconcernforthis moderntechnicalinvention.

Theprayersofourblessingconsist ofthreeparts:aninvocationofGod particularlyreferringtoadivinequalityordeedofspecialimportancefor theobjecttobeblessed,anexplanationofthenatureanduseoftheobject,andanexpositionofitsfinalpurposetobereachedwithGod'sgrace.

Thebeginningofthefirstprayersays thatGodhasoperatedallthingsfor Himself.Theinventionoftheaeroplaneisdesignedasameansinfulfillingman'sfinaldestination:toserve God.Notonlythemereinstitution ofthethings,buttheiractualuseaccordingtoGod'sdispositionleadsto God,thesourceandtheendofallnaturalthings.'Thereisnothingwhich couldbeachievedbyman,without beingaworkofGodandforGod.

Whenexploringandusingtheelements andpowersofnatureinevernewand morewonderfulcombinations,manis aninstrumentofGodinrulingthe world.Thewholeofcreatednature andallsingleelementsthereofare destinedforthisveryendofman: toreachhisfinaldestinationinsupernature.Itistheparticularteaching ofallblessingsofsecularobjects,that bybeingusedbymanforhissupernaturalendnatureisraisedtoasupernaturalpurpose.whichitcouldnever reachbyitself.

Accordingtothefirstprayer,airjourneyscanhaveadivineorreligious, andahumanorsecularpurpose.They canbeusedforawirierpropagationof

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Machine .. theChurchis notafraidofthewordMachine!

God'sname,andforanexpeditionof humanaffairs.Indeed,theChurch doesnotentertainexaggeratedexpectationswithregardtotechnicalinventions.Eventhemostwonderfulachievementsinthislinehavenotbeen conspicuouslyconducivetoanincrease inspirituallife.Thedeeperknowledgeofnature,itslawsandpowers, hashardlyledtoastricterobservance ofGod'sCommandmentsortoamore vividfaithinGod,thecreatorofheavenandearth.Atpresent,itsounds ratherlikeasatirethattheaeroplane iscalledameansofpropagationof God'sname.Quiteapartfromthe enormousabusemadeofmoderntechnicalachievementsintimesofwar,we wouldbeinclinedtoblametheenlargementofthetechnicalrealmforthe materialisticoutlookwhichapparently isthecharacteristicofmodernlife. However,itistheChurch'steaching foundinallblessingsoftechnicalcontrivances,thatmoderntechnicallifeis aforceforgoodasfarastherestricted sphereofnaturallifeisconcerned.Experiencehasprovedthatitisnotan exaggerationtoexpectthattheaeroplanewillleadtoanexpansionofthe Church'smissionaryactivitiesorthat thetelegraphwillbeameansoftransmittingspiritualmessagesoverwide distances.

Itisquitenaturalthatinherprayer theChurchmakesfirstmentionofthis religiouspurposeoftheaeroplanebetorespeakingofthewidersecularpurposewhich,perhaps,wastheonlyone whichtheinventorsandengineers hadinmind.Buteventakeninitself, theexpeditionofhumanaffairsby meansoftechnicalcontrivanceshasa supernaturalsignificance.Inthe BlessingforRailwayswefindthe words:"MayThyservants,whilsthasteningontheirroadandrunningthe wayofThyCommandments,cometo theirheavenlyfatherland."Similar wordsarefoundintheBlessingsfor BoatsandFishing-Boats.TheChurch isnotafraidofusingsuchplainwords as"fortheexpeditionofhumanaffairs."Theblessingisimpetrating gracenotonlyfortheinanimateobject,butalsoforthosewhoare touseitaccordingtothewillofGod. ThisuseofnatureaccordingtoGod's Commandmentsisthelinkbetweenour worldly"affairs"andoursupernatural end.Thereligioussignificanceof"expedition"inhumanaffairsismostob-

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viousintheancientprayerfoundin GregorianSacramentary:"Whatever weexpeditewithjustdesires,wemayobtainwithquieteffect,"aprayer mostsignificantlyusedintheMassfor

Travellers.Alltravellingisregarded asakindofpilgrimage, Evenmorethantherailwayandthe car,theaeroplaneisdestinedfora (ContinuedonBackCover.)

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BLESSINGOFAEROPLANES

(ContinuedfromPage17.)

"prompterexpedition.-"Prompt" literallymeans"steadfast."Promptitudeissteadinessinforeseeingand planning,theverycharacteristicof moderntechnicalandeconomiclife. Manhasinventedaeroplanesnotso muchformakingsubjecttohimself therealmoftheair,butforovercomingdistancesinthequickestpossible way.Farfromregardingspeedasconducivetomaterialismandsuperficiality,theChurchcalls"promptitude"a meansofstraighteningourlife."Speed andpunctuality,asdisplayedbymodernsportandtraffic,havemadelife moreaustereandstraight.Wemay beinclinedtocomplainaboutthedecreaseofleisure,tranquillityandeven humanityinmodernlife.Butthe Churchknowsthatinthemerelynaturalspherethecharacteristicvirtuesof modernlifehaveadefinitereligious significance.Theword"prompter" alsooccursintheBlessingoftheTelegraphwhenwepraythat"instructed bythisnewinventionwemaycome morepromptlyandmoreeasilyto God."

Thepetitionforprotectionfromdangersisfoundinmanyblessings,but itisofspecialsignificanceintheBlessingoftheAeroplane,evenifair-journeysarenolongerregardedasadaring enterpriseofamoreorlessadventurouscharacter.TheChurchalsoprays thatGod removealldamages, suchasdefectsintheengineitself. Actuallytheconsiderationofthedangers,suchasthreateningfromweather influences,leadstothepetitionfor "heavenlydesires."Fromtheout,ct.theBlessingoftheAeroplaneregardstheairasasymboloftheheaveninthereligioussense.

Thesecondprayerofourblessing clearlyreferstotheinvocationofOur LadyofLoretoasprincipalpatroness ofaviators.Thefirstpartofthis prayeruptotheword"shed,"isiden-

FRANK

ticallyfoundinthecollectofthefeast oftheTranslationoftheHouseofthe BlessedVirginMary----(Ithasbeendecidedthat,whilstEliasmaybeprivatelyinvoked,sincehe"wentupbya whirlwindintoheaveninafierychariot"(4Kings2:11),liturgically,Our LadyofLoretoistoberegardedas thepatronessofaeroplanes.)-inserted intheAppendixoftheRomanMissal 'dealingwithlocalfeasts.Thefeast oftheTranslationoftheHouseof Nazarethgoesbacktotheyear1294, whenonDecember10thehouseofOur LadywasmiraculouslycarriedbyangelstoLoreto,Thethirdprayerof ourblessingalludestothisfactwhen askingforspecialprotectionbya guardianangel.Theinterlinkingof thesecondandthethirdprayerof theBlessingoftheAeroplaneisalso emphasisedbytheidenticalpetition forasafejourneytothedestination. Inthelastprayer,Godiscalled"salvationofthosethattrustinHim."In thetheologicalvirtueofhope,inputtingourtrustinGod,wealready "grasp"or"touch"thethingstocome. Wheninsettingoutforanair-journey weprayandcommitourselvestoGod's Will,weanticipatethesafearrivalat thedestinationwhichGodhasgranted us.Thesecondprayerspeaksofthe destinationatwhichthetravellers "aim,"theLatinword"tendunt"underlyingourwords"intention"and "tension,"whilstthethirdprayer speaksoftheaimwhichtheyhave "proposed"tothemselves.InbothinstancestheChurchoncemoreempha risesthattheaeroplaneisblessedfor plannedtravelling.Thesecondprayermoreoveraddsthepetitionfora safereturn.TheLatintextliterally says:"Maytheysafelyreturntotheir own,"anexpressionalsoencountered inthesecondprayeroftheBlessing forPilgrimsandTravellersthesocalled"Itinerarium")andintheBlessingoftheBoat.Ourearthlyhome isonlyasymbolofoursupernatural

home,bothas"ourown,"ourrealand finaldestination.Inallsafereturn toourbelovedonearth,weanticipate thefinalreturntotheheavenlyFather. Actually,ontheirdeath-beds,thefaithfulinvoketheHolyFamilyandpray thattheymaybereceivedintheir eternalhome.ThehouseofNazareth isnotonlythegreatexampleofthe familyinthislife,butalsooureternal homestead.Thus,theinterlinkingof theBlessingoftheAeroplanewiththe FeastoftheTranslationoftheHouse ofOurLadygainsinsignificance. Theveryideaofthehomeisclosely relatedtotheinvocationofaguardian angel,foundinthethirdprayer,The protectionbyangelsisaskedforin allblessingsforobjectsorpersonswho needapeacefullife.Thesameas OurLady'smantle("Underherprotection"),thewingsoftheangelswere alwaysregardedasanimageofhea-

venlyprotection.Invocationforpro- tectionbyangelsarefoundinthe blessingsforchurches,schools,houses, forfamilies,children,sickpersons,womeninchild-birth,forpilgrimsand travellers,andalsoinallblessingof vehicles,Theprotectionbyanangel isevenmoresignificantfortheaeroplane,sinceangelsareusuallypictured asflyingthroughtheair.Thusbeing rankedamongsttheobjectsparticularlydependentonpeace,theaeroplaneisblessedforpeacefulpurposes exclusively.Theblessingaimsnotonly atprotectingtheaeroplanefromexternaldangers,butevenmorefromthe perversionofitspeacefulpurpose.It hasbeenplacedunderthespecialprotectionoftheQueenofPeace.By herintercession,Godhasinspiredengineersandpilotstocomplywiththeir vocation,tosubduetheworld,torule everthefowlsoftheair(Gen.1,28).

GoldfieldsSection

BLESSINGOFAEROPLANES

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"prompterexpedition.-"Prompt' literallymeans"steadfast.'Promptitudeissteadinessinforeseeingand planning,theverycharacteristicof moderntechnicalandeconomiclife. Manhasinventedaeroplanesnotso muchformakingsubjecttohimself therealmoftheair,hutfurovercomingdistancesinthequickestpossible way.Farfromregardingspeedasconducivetomaterialismandsuperficiality,theChurchcalls"promptitude"a meansofstraighteningourlife."Speed andpunctuality,asdisplayedbymodernsportandtraffic,havemadelife moreaustereandstraight.Wemay beinclinedtocomplainaboutthedecreaseofleisure,tranquillityandeven humanityinmodernlife.Butthe Churchknowsthatinthemerelynaturalspherethecharacteristicvirtuesof modernlifehaveadefinitereligious significance.Theword"prompter" alsooccursintheBlessingoftheTelegraphwhenwepraythat"instructed bythisnewinventionwemaycome morepromptlyandmoreeasilyto God."

Thepetitionforprotectionfromdangersisfoundinmanyblessings,but itisofspecialsignificanceintheBlessingoftheAeroplane,evenifair-journeysarenolongerregardedasadaring enterpriseofamoreorlessadventurouscharacter.TheChurchalsoprays thatGodmay alldamages, suchasdefectsintheengineitself. Actuallytheconsiderationofthedangers,suchasthreateningfromweather influences,leadstothepetitionfor "heavenlydesires."Fromtheoutset,theBlessingoftheAeroplaneregardstheairasasymboloftheheaveninthereligioussense.

Thesecondprayerofourblessing clearlyreferstotheinvocationofOur LadyofLoretoasprincipalpatroness ofaviators.Thefirstpartofthis prayeruptotheword"shed,"isiden-

ticallyfoundinthecollectofthefeast oftheTranslationoftheHouseofthe BlessedVirginMary-(Ithasbeendecidedthat,whilstEliasmaybeprivatelyinvoked,sincehe"wentupbya whirlwindintoheaveninafierychariot"(4Kings2:11),liturgically,Our LadyofLoretoistoberegardedas thepatronessofaeroplanes.)-inserted intheAppendixoftheRomanMissal dealingwithlocalfeasts.Thefeast oftheTranslationoftheHouseof Nazarethgoesbacktotheyear1294, whenonDecember10thehouseofOur LadywasmiraculouslycarriedbyangelstoLoreto,Thethirdprayerof ourblessingalludestothisfactwhen askingforspecialprotectionbya guardianangel.Theinterlinkingof thesecondandthethirdprayerof theBlessingoftheAeroplaneisalso emphasisedbytheidenticalpetition forasafejourneytothedestination. Inthelastprayer,Godiscalled"salvationofthosethattrustinHim."In thetheologicalvirtueofhope,inputtingourtrustinGod,wealready "grasp"or"touch"thethingstocome. Wheninsettingoutforanair-journey weprayandcommitourselvestoGod's Will,weanticipatethesafearrivalat thedestinationwhichGodhasgranted us.Thesecondprayerspeaksofthe destinationatwhichthetravellers "aim,"theLatinword"tendunt"underlyingourwords"intention'and "tension,"whilstthethirdprayer theaimwhichtheyhave "proposed"tothemselves.InbothinstancestheChurchoncemoreempha sisesthattheaeroplaneisblessedfor plannedtravelling.Thesecondprayermoreoveraddsthepetitionfora safereturn.TheLatintextliterally says:"Maytheysafelyreturntotheir own,"anexpressionalsoencountered inthesecondprayeroftheBlessing forPilgrimsandTravellers (thesocalled"Itinerarium")andintheBlessingoftheBoat.Ourearthlyhome isonlyasymbolofoursupernatural

FRANKJ.BOSWELL

home,bothas"ourown:'ourrealand finaldestination.Inallsafereturn toourbelovedonearth,weanticipate thefinalreturntotheheavenlyFather. Actually,ontheirdeath-beds,thefaithfulinvoketheHolyFamilyandpray thattheymaybereceivedintheir eternalhome.ThehouseofNazareth isnotonlythegreatexampleofthe familyinthislife,butalsooureternal homestead.Thus,theinterlinkingof theBlessingoftheAeroplanewiththe FeastoftheTranslationoftheHouse ofOurLadygainsinsignificance. Theveryideaofthehomeisclosely relatedtotheinvocationofaguardian angel,foundinthethirdprayer,The protectionbyangelsisaskedforin allblessingsforobjectsorpersonswho needapeacefullife.Thesameas OurLady'smantle("Underherprotection"),thewingsoftheangelswere alwaysregardedasanimageofhea-

,enlyprotection.Invocationforpro- tectionbyangelsarefoundinthe blessingsforchurches,schools,houses, forfamilies,children,sickpersons,womeninchild-birth,forpilgrimsand travellers,andalsoinallblessingof vehicles,Theprotectionbyanangel isevenmoresignificantfortheaeroplane,sinceangelsareusuallypictured asflyingthroughtheair.Thusbeing rankedamongsttheobjectsparticularlydependentonpeace,theaeroplaneisblessedforpeacefulpurposes exclusively.Theblessingaimsnotonly atprotectingtheaeroplanefromexternaldangers,butevenmorefromthe perversionofitspeacefulpurpose.It hasbeenplacedunderthespecialprotectionoftheQueenofPeace,By herintercession,Godhasinspiredengineersandpilotstocomplywiththeir vocation,tosubduetheworld,torule rthefowlsoftheair(Gen.1,26).

GoldfieldsSection