The Record Newspaper 25 June 1942

Gob,theshepherbanbrulerofallthefaithful,lookboron favourablyuponThyscroantPius,whomThouhast beenpleasebtoappointpastor°perThyChurch;grant,roe beseechThee,thathemaybenefitbothbyworbanbexample thosemetwhomheisset,anbthusattainuntolifeeternal, togetherwiththeflockcommitteetohiscare.Throughour Lorb,JesusChrist,ThySon,whowithTheelioestandrcignest intheunityoftheHolyGhost,Gob,forcmanbcrier.Amen

Gob,theshepherbanbrulerofallthefaithful,lookboron favourablyuponThyservantPius,whomThouhost beenplcascbtoappointpastoroverThyChurch,grant,we beseechThee,thathemaybenefitbothbywordanbexample thoseoverwhomheisset,anbthusattainuntolifeeternal, togetherwiththeflockcummittebtohiscare.Throughour LoaJesusChrist,ThySon,whowithTheeliuestanbreignest intheunityoftheHolyGhost,Gob,foreveranbcumAmen

SceneintheSistineChapelaftertheelectionofaPope.The canopiesoverthethronesoftheCardinalshavebeenlowered, withtheexceptionofthatoverthethroneofthenewly-elected Popeseelowerright-handcorner).

WhogivesthePopehis jurisdictionifheiselected bymen?

DidnotalltheApostles havethesameAuthority?

EarlyFathersinterpretedPetrinetextsasCatholicsdoto-day ItalianTopesandAnti-Topes

S.T.H.,Rosebery,N.S,W.:

WhyisitthatcelibateItalianpriests aretheonlymencapableofrepresentingChristonearth?

Asitstands,yourquestionispointless;fornooneinhissenseshasever maintainedthatcelibateItalianpriests aretheonlymencapableofrepresentingChristonearth.

EventhechildreninourPrimary SchoolsknowthatanyCatholicmanwiththenecessaryqualifications-of whateverraceornationiscapableof beingelectedtotheofficeofPope.

Whatyoumeanttoaskwasprobablythis:Whyhavesomanyofthe PopesbeenItaliansbybirth?

Inanswertothatquestion,thereare severalthingstobenoted:

(I)SincethePopeisboundbythe mostsolemnofobligationstoplacethe interestsofthewholeChurchbefore nationalorpersonalconsiderations,the raceornationtowhichhebelongsby birthisofsecondaryimportance.He isnotsubjecttoanytemporalpower, andisplacedabovenationalandlocal considerationsbythedutiesofhis office.

(2)ThoughthePopes,fromthetime oftheReformationonwards,havebeen Italiansbybirth(i.e.,fromtheregions comprisedinModernItaly),manyof thePopespriortothatperiodwerenot Italians.ThefirstPope,St.Peter, thePrinceoftheApostles,wasaJew; ZacharywasaGreek;GregoryHIa Syrian;GregoryVaGerman;Clement IIaSaxon;NicholasIIaFrenchman; lladrianIVanEnglishman;JohnXXI aPortuguese;CallixtusIIaSpaniard; HadrianVIaDutchman.

PeoplewhothinkthatthePope musttavourtheparticularraceornationtowhichhebelongsbybirthto thedetrimentofCatholicsofothernations,merelyexhibitanarrownationalismor,moreaccurately,provincialism,whichisutterlyalientotheCatholicoutlook.

(2)Thereisnolawforbiddingthe electionofanon-ItalianPope,andthe Cardinalsareboundunderoathtoelect themanwhomtheythinkinconsci.encetobebestfittedfortheposition.

If,asamatteroffact,anItalianis elected,thereasonisthatheisconsideredbytheCardinals,Italianand non-Italian,asthemostsuitableman forthepositioningivencircumstances.Herearesomeofthereasons:

(a)ThePopeisBishopoftheDiocese ofRome,aswellasbeingtheheadof theuniversalChurch.Hence,justas itisdesirablethatEnglish-speaking peopleshouldhaveanEnglish-speaklirBishop,soisitdesirablethatItaliansshouldhaveanItalian-speaking Bishop.ItisdesirablebecauseitcontributestothegoodoftheChurch.

(b)ThePopewhoisItalianbybirth, andyetindependentbyhisofficeofthe Italiancivilpower,canresisttheen-

croachmentsoftheItalianGovernmentwithoutgivingthatGovernment anypretextforaccusinghimofantiItaliannationalsympathies.

(c)Becauseofthetrainingtheyare abletoreceiveattheadministrative centreoftheChurch,Italiansareusuallythebestqualifiedfortheposition.

ThoughtheCardinalsusuallyelect anItaliantotheofficeofPope,they willbefree-inthefutureasinthe past-toelectanEnglishman,oran Australian,oraChinaman,asthey thinkfit.

Youclaim,ofcourse,thatthePope issupremeheadofthisorganised hierarchy.YetwasitnottheEmperorPhocaswhofirstgavethePope histitleanduniversaljurisdiction?

Historyrecordsthisashavinghappenedin607A.D.

Itdoesnot.Itrecordsthat,atthe requestofthePope,theEmperormade itillegalforanyotherBishoptousurp thetitlewhichhadalwaysbelongedto theBishopofRome.Toforbidothers totakeatitlewhichhaseverbeenthe rightfulpossessionofoneisnottoconferthetitleuponthatone.Andifthe Popedidnotpossessuniversaljurisdictionuntil607,howcouldSt.Clement,thirdsuccessorofSt.PeterasBishopofRome,writetotheChristians atCorinth,"Ifanydisobeythewords spokenbyGodthroughus,letthem knowthattheywillentanglethemselvesintransgressionandnosmalldanger,butweshallbeclearofthissin." ThusthefourthPopedemandedobedienceunderpainofsinfromChristians livingabroad.Again,howcouldSt. Irenaeus,BishopofLyonsinGaul, andwhodiedintheyear202,saythat allchurchesweresubjectto,and mustagreewiththeChurchatRome, becauseSt.Peterhadfoundedthe Churchthere,andtheBishopsofthat citywerehislawfulsuccessors,beginningwithLinus?Irenaeusdiedover 400yearsbeforethedateyougive.The CouncilofEphesusin431,embracing allBishopsandnotevenheldatRome, decreed,"Noonecandoubt,indeedit isknowntoallages,thatPeter,Prince andHeadoftheApostlesandFoundationoftheCatholicChurch,received thekeysofthekingdomfromChrist ourRedeemer,andthattothisdayand alwayshelivesinhissuccessorsexercisingjudgment."Thiswas176years earlierthanthedateyougive. WasnotthetitleofUniversalBishop muchsoughtafter,theBishopof Romewinningitbecausehehadthe largestnumberofadherents?

No.Whateverabusesaroseinlater times,theearlysaintlyPopes,nearly allofthemmartyrsforChrist,were notthementoseekafteroffice,and dignitieswhichtheyknewtobespur one. WhogivesthePopehisjurisdiction,if heiselectedbymenandnotby God?

Godratifiesthechoiceofthosewho electhim.WhenMatthiaswaselected asanApostlebytheotherApostleshe waselectedbymen,andnotdirectly byGod,butGodratifiedtheirchoice andgrantedtohimalsoapostolic power. DidnotChristsay,"Neitherbeye masters,foroneisyourmaster, Christ."Matt.XXIII,10.

ThePopeistheservantoftheservantsofGod.Hehimselftellsusthat oneisourmaster-Christ,whomhe andallareboundtoserve.Heclaims noauthorityindependentlyofChrist. Thetextyouquoteforbidsselfishtyrannyinone'sownnameovermembersoftheChurch.Itdoesnotforbid theexerciseoflegitimatepower."Obey

tholicandnon-Catholicalike.Inany case,St.JohnwroteinGreek,and thereisnowarrantwhateverforthe transitiontotheLatinlanguage.Moreover,whateverbethetrueinterpretationofthismysticalnumber,itcertainlyreferstosomeoneindividual being.Ifitreferredtooneparticular Pope,itcouldrefertononeofthe others.TowhichPopewillpeoplerefer it?ToapastPope?Thenheis deadandgone,andweneednotworry abouthim.TothepresentPope?He istheveryantithesisofalltheconditionsoftheBeastasdescribedbySt. John.However,thenumberdoesnot refertoanyofthePopesatall. Whois666,ifnotthePope?

Manyfantasticinterpretationshave beengiven,butnonehavebeenproved.Thevastmajorityofinterpreters regardthenumberasamysticalsymbol,designatingsomemanwhowillbe thechiefagentofSatantowardsthe endoftheworld,Somepeoplethought

TheformerCardinalPacelli,nowPopePiusXII,proceedingtothebalconyofSt.Peter'sontheeveningofhiselection,togivehisblessing"to theCityandtheWorld," yourprelates,andhesubjecttothem, saysSt.Paul.Heb.XIII,17 The-servantoftheservantsofGod!

IsnotthePoperathertheBeastpredictedbyDan.VII?

Certainlynot.Hewouldbeavery peculiarrepresentativeoftheBeast,so giventotheloveofGod,andtoprayer, IhavemetthepresentPope(PiusA severaltimes,andheisoneofthegentlestmenIhaveevermet.Hescarcely openshislipssavetoblessandpraise GodintheNameofJesusChrist.

IhaveheardthatheisAnti-Christ, andthathewasdescribedbySt. Johnas666,thenumericalequivalent cftheLatinwordsofthePope's title,VicariusFiliiDei. Thatinterpretationisabsurd,and rejectedbyallreputablescholars,Ca-

itwasMahomet,sayingthathedied in666A.D.Buthediedin630A.D. CalvinwishedtoattributeittoPope BonifaceIII,ortothePopesingeneral.Hisonlyfoundationwasprejudice,andhistheoryisutterlyrejectedto-day.MartinLuther'sname,and dozensofothershavebeenmadeto signifythenumberinvariouslanguages,butinallthesecasesthewish wasfathertothethought,andwas madetosupplyforthelackofreason. Thetruesolutionofthisquestioncannotbegiven.

414.11....1111,111111.1.11111.

AirRaidIndoorShelters,thebest andsafest.Only721,Hundredssold. HASSELL'S.559WellingtonSt.Tel. B6307.

RivalPopes

L.O.,ChesterHill: WerethereevertwoPopesreigningat once?

No.Attimes,despitetheexistence ofalawfulPope,rivalclaimantshave persuadedfactionstodeclarethem elected,justas,throughouthistorylawfulKingsinvariouscountrieshavehad tocontendwithpretenderstothe throne.

Ibelievethesegentlemenwerenamed BenedictandAnastasius.

PopeBenedictIIIwaslawfullyelectedPopein855A.D.BecausehedisapprovedofBenedict,theEmperor LouisIIproposedthatAnastasius shouldberecognisedasPope. TheybothclaimedtobethetruePope.

Butneitherclaimedthattherecould betwotruePopes.Asamatterof factAnastasiusneverwasatruePope. AndtheChurchacknowledgedBenedictonly.

Intheyear1044therewerethree Popes,GregoryVIII,Alexander,and Innocent. Thereissomethingwrongwithyour history.PopeGregoryVIIIwasnot electeduntil1187,143yearsafterthe dateyougive.Andtherewereno rivalclaimantstothepapacyduring histerm.,1office.

Again,from1378to1418thereweretwo orthreePopesallreigningtogether. Therewerenot.Therewasbutone lawfulPope,andtheotherswererival claimantswithoutanylegitimatetitle. WasthereeverawomanPope? Never.

PAPALINFALLIBILITY.

WhenwastheinfallibilityofthePope established?

WhenChristconferredthegiftofinfallibilityuponSt.Peterafterconsti tutinghimsupremeheadoftheChurch onearth.ThedoctrinethatChrist thenmadeSt.Peterinfallible,intendingthelawfulsuccessorsofSt.Peter toparticipateinthatinfallibilitywas definedbytheChurchin1870.

HeartsofDeceasedPopes

Taxim,Hatoomba

WhyaretheheartsofthePopes,after theirdeath,enclosedinanearthen jar,andsenttotheChurchofSS.

VincentandAnastasius?

BecausetheChurchofSS.Vincent theparishchurchforthatsectionofRome whichincludestheQuirinalPalace. YearsagotheQuirinalusedtobethe residenceofthePopes,andthePopes holdthetwofoldofficeofBishopof RomeandHeadoftheUniversal Church.WhilstthebodyofthePope isburiedinSt,Peter'sBasilicawith allthesolemnceremonialthatbefits theHeadoftheUniversalChurch,his heartisplacedinthatparishchurch whichforsolonglinkedthePopes withtheirownproperdiocese. Al-

thoughthePopesnolongerresidein thatparish,thecustomiscontinued, derivingitsmeaningfromitsoriginal significance.Althoughduringhislife thePopeispreoccupiedwiththecares andinterestsofthewholeChurch,yet hisheartiswithhispeopleforwhom heisBishopandFatherinthecityof Romeitself.

IsitarulethatanewPopemust chooseanamedifferentfromthatof hispredecessor? No.Thatquestionhasbeenansweredbythechoiceofthepresent Pope.But,ofcourse,hewaselected afteryouhadwrittenyourletter,so youhadnotthatfactthenatyourdisposal.

WhowastheonlyEnglishPope?

NicholasBreakspear,whowaselect-

SHEEPSKINS

A.V.RHODESandCO.are CashBuyersofSheepskinsin FELLMONGERING(theLargestPlantin\\'.A.).Highest Prices,PromptReturns;No CommissionCharged.ConsignmentLabelsPostedFreeonApplication.

WeareauthorisedbytheCentral WoolCommittee,Melbourne,to handlewoolonaccountofgrowers.Consignallproducetothe addressbelow.

FORSATISFACTIONCONSIGNTO-

A.V.RtIODES&CO

15MOUATTSTREET, FREMANTLE.

PRESCRIPTIONSPECIALIST. COLINF.CAMPBELL (LateMcWhinney'sPharmacy).

CORNERSTIRLINGHIGHWAYANDSTUARTSTREET, 'PHONE:F2219. MOSMANPARK. 'PHONE:F2219.

PRESCRIPTIONSCALLEDFORANDDELIVERED.

THESHOPFORBETTERSERVICE. Anygoodssenttocountrynotsatisfactorywepayfreight.

Ourmottois:"Wehaveitwewill getit,oritcannotbehad."

edin1154,takingthenameofAdrian IV. Ifthereisabookpublishedonthe Popes,wouldyoupleasegivemethe titleandpublisher?

Itwouldbetoomuchtoexpectany singlebooktocontainthebiographies ofsome260Popes!Theonlysources inEnglishtowhichIcouldrecommendyouare"TheCatholicEncyclo-

Birthplace ofonly English Pope 0

Pilgrimskneeling inprayerforpeace atthesceneof thebirthplaceof England's only

Pope.AdrianIV., atAbbot'sLangley,Herts,England.

paedia,"inwhichshortsketchesof eachofthePopeswillbefoundunder eachone'sname,andPastor's"History ofthePopes."Buttheseworksrun intobetween20and30volumes,and wouldmeanmoreexpensethanyou wouldwish.Catholicbooksellersmight beabletosupplyinformationofmore accessibleworks.Icanbutadvise youtoapplytothem.

OurCatholicSchoolsandColleges

CHRISTIANBROTHERS,MT.HENRY

Oneofthe.4ssociatedPublic SchoolsofW.1.

AquinasCollege

TELEPHONE:MU1520

ForBoardersandDayStudents Boysadmittedfrom7upwards

B,,,,,tiruflySituated,overlookingMeriver,nearthenewCanningBridge.

ForParticularsapplytoThePrincipal,AquinasCollege,CanningParade,Mt.Henry.

SACREDHEARTHIGHSCHOOL HIGHGATE-PERTH (ConductedbySistersNotreDameDesMissions).

BOARDINGANDDAYSCHOOLFORGIRLS PUPILSPREPAREDALLEXAMINATIONS.

MONTESSORISCHOOLFORYOUNGCHILDREN ForProspectusapplyPh,,neB3810. REV.MOTHERPRIORESS

LoretoConvent"Osborne"-Claremont BOARDINGANDDAYCOLLEGE.

TheSchoolprovidesasoundeducationonmodernlinesinallbranches ofstudy.Thepupilsarepreparedforallexaminations.TheSchoolis beautifullysituatedbetweenOceanandRiver,inextensivegrounds, withfineplayingfieldsandprivateSwimmingPoolinRiver Telephone:F2135. Apply- MOTHERSUPERIOR

ST.ILDEPHONSUS'COLLEGE

NEWNORCIA CONDUCTEDBYTHEMARISTBROTHERS.

ForParticularsApplyto-THEBROTHERDIRECTOR

DRAPER

215William

ProvidentialChoicefor ChairofPeter LifeandCareerofEugenePacelli

*negotiatedforPapal'Peaceduringlastwar

EugenioPacellihasbeenoneofthe outstandingpersonalitiesofEurope sinceheundertooktheofficeofSecret. aryofStatetoPiusXL

Trainedforthediplomaticcareer mostfrombirth,andexcellingindiplomaticaccomplishments,e.g.,hisextraordinarycommandoflanguages-he ismuchmorethanadiplomat. Hehasastonishedthose.whohave heardhispreach.Inthepulpithe castsoffthediplomat'shabitofsaying littleandchoosinghiswordscarefully.

Butagain,heisnotonlyadiplcinat andapreacher.InRometnereare manychildrentowhomhewas"our ownspecialCardinal"andtowh).tnhe taughttheCatechism.Atthesame timehewasthetrusted'sdviserand spiritualfatherofatleastonepatrician familyinRome.

AsNuncioinBerlinthePopemixed freelywiththeleadingstatesmenofthe day,butalsohecametoknowintimatelythepoorofBerlinintheirpostwarmisery-somuchsothattheyorganisedaspecialtorchlightprocession tobidhimfarewellwhenheleftBerlin forRome.

ItcannotbeoftenthataNuncio,or anyotherAmbassador,istheobjectof suchademonstration.

U.LA.Test.

ToEnglishmindshisvisittothe UnitedStateswasatest.

HowwouldthisRomanofRomans, thistraineddiplomatoftheOldWorld, thisCardinaloftheCuria,reacttothe democraticmannersoftheAmericans?

Asweknow,hewontheirhearts,and thenewsofhiselectiontothePapacy hasbeenparticularlywellreceivedin theUnitedStates.Indeed,inBoston,wheresomeofhisrelationsare living,hiselectionwasregardedalmost asacomplimenttoBostonitself.

ThereisnodoubtthatPopePius XIIhasagoodunderstandingofthe Americanmentality.Hehastalked tothechildrenandinspectedaeroplaneswiththem.liehastalkedwith NewYorkjournalistsasaguestat theirlunchclubs.Hehastalked tothePresidentandotherleading politicians.

PopePiusXIIhasathoroughfirsthandknowledgeofthemodernworld.

VaticanTradition.

EugenioPacelliwasbornonMarch 2,1876,inRome.BothhisgrandfathershadbeenofficialsintheVaticanunderGregoryXIV,andhisfather wasalawyerwhowasoftenconsulted byLeoXIIIandPiusIX.Hisbrother,MarquisPacelli,wasoneofthose mainlyresponsibleforthesuccessful andarduousnegotiationswhichledup totheLateranTreatybetweenItaly andtheVatican.

EugeniowenttoschoolatthewellknownViscontiInstitute,wherehe graduatedwithhonoursandagold medalforhistory.

AfterleavingschoolheatonceenteredtheCollegioCapranicatostudy forthepriesthood.AttheCollegehis brilliancebecameobvious,butso,too, didthedoubtfulstateofhishealth. Hewasadvisedtotakethingsfairly easily.Hepreparedforhisordinationprivately.HisdirectorwasMgr. Dufresne,todaySuperioroftheSeminaryofAngers.

OnApril2,1899,EugenioPacelliwas ordainedpriestbyMgr.Casella.The dayfollowinghisordinationhecelebratedhisfirstMassintheBorghese ChapelatSaintMarv-Major.HissecondMa"swassaidatthealtarofSt. Philipinthesanctuaryof"Chiesa

Nuova.Inthischurchbeganhisfirst apostolate.Hehadhereconfessional andhiscatechismclass.

StudentandTeacher.

HecontinuedhisstudiesattheApollinaris.Easilyhetookhisdegreesas doctoroflawandoftheology.He hadbrillianceofmind,andtenacity instudying.Hebecameateacher. Forashortwhilehetaughtcanonlaw attheApollinaris.

DiplomaticCareerBegins.

Butonlyforashortwhile-alittle overayear.PeterGasparri,notyet Cardinal,butSecretaryofExtraordinaryEcclesiasticalAffairs,calledPacelli intotheserviceoftheSecretariateof State.

InhisnewworkheattainedaremarkablyfullknowledgeofinternationallawandRomanlaw,knowledge whichwaslatertohelpintheforming ofConcordatsofgreatadvantageto theChurch,ButPacellididmore thingsthanstudylaw.Inhisfree hourshegavelongretreatsandlecturestoRomanworkers,gaveinstructiontofirstCommunicants,gavecommentariesontheworksofSt.Thomas Aquinas,gavecoursesinmoraltheology,gavelecturestostudyclasses,and tothegeneralpublicinphilosophy.

In1909thisyoungman,hewas thirty-three,becameprofessorofEcclesiasticalDiplomacyatthePontifical AcademyofNobleEcclesiastics.He begantospecialiseinallquestionsarisingfromtherelationshipbetweenGermanyandtheChurch.Buthedid notforgettherestofEurope,therest oftheworld.HelearntEnglish,Portugese,Spanish.HereadavidlyFrench literature.Perhapsitwasatthistime thatBossuetinspiredhimwiththefirst sparksofthatoratorythatwasto burstmuchlateruponexcitedParisiansinNotreDame.Perhapsitwas intheseyearsofdiversebutintensive studythathispunctuality,hispreciseness,whichhavebecomefamed, weremoulded.

Itiscertainthathestudiedtothe verylimitofhisstrength.Whenhe camebackfromhisexhaustingtourof NorthAmericahewenttohisroom andbeganworking,andwentonworkinguntilthefirsthoursofthenext morning.Alittlelateronthesame morninghebeganreceivingaudiences.

TheGreatWar.

WhilehewasstillProfessorofEcclesiasticalDiplomacyhewasmadeUnderSecretaryoftheCongregationforExtraordinaryReligiousAffairs.That wasin1911.In1914hewasSecretary.Hiswork,however,impinged moreandmoreonextraordinarysecularaffairs,grotesquesecularaffairs.

TheWarwason.UnderthedirectionofCardinalGasparri,Pacellidrew uptheseriesofNoteswhichsecured forprisonersofwarsomuchrelief. Forthesickandthebadlywounded, internmentinSwitzerland,fortheexiledanddeported,repatriationtotheir nativelands:theseweresomeofthe mercifulthingseffected.

OnSt.George'sDay,1917,Benedict XVappointedPacelliPapalNuncioat Munich.HewasmadeArchbishopof thetitularseeofSardes.Hewentto Munichwithtermsofpeaceproposed bythePope.Many,manysoldiers,of FranceandofGermany,lookedwith hopeuponhisjourney.Hadthisman notvisitedtheprisoncamps?Had henotsavedthelivesofthousandsof prisoners?Hadhenotalwaysdeclaredhispassionforpeace?

TermsNotAccepted. TheGermansconsideredthepeace proposalsbutwouldnotacceptthem. TheNunciopleaded,andargued. Thewarwenton. So,too,didPacelli'sstrugglefor peace.Itisgoingonstill.Hismotto is"Opusjustitiaepax"(Theworkof justiceispeace).Hesawthesewords onthewallofthechurchofSanta MariadellaPaceinRomewhenhe playedasaboyinthepiazzabefore thechurch.Hishome,afewstreets away,wasinoneofthosenarrow,sunlessstreetssocommoninRome.Like otherchildrenhewasgladtoplayin thesun,andasheplayedhetranslated thewordsinscribedonthechurch,for hehadjustbeguntolearnLatin,and thewordsformedinhismind,asindeliblyasuponthestone.Theyhave remainedinihsmind.Theyhavebeen burntinbyeventsinEuropesince thattimewhenheplayedinthesun, onthepiazza. Post-WarWork.

WhenpeacecameaftertheWar,PacelliremainedoninaGermany,febrile anddespairing.Prussiabitthedust, thesoldiersweremocked,thepeople starved.Therewasnopatiencefora quietreformistrepublic.Fouryears ofdeathandviolence,followedbystarvation,madeGermanybrutalanddesperate.RevolutionflaredupinBavaria.TherewasfightinginMunich. ThelifeofPacelliwasindanger.He

didnotleaveMunich.Therevolutionswerequelled.TheWeimarRepublicbeganitscompleteadministration-Germanybeganitsheart-breakingstruggleforsecurityandpeace. Pacellihadgreatsympathyforthevast workbeingattempted.Henegotiated aConcordatbetweentheBavarian GovernmentandtheVatican.

HewassenttoBerlinonJune22, 1920.TheGovernmentofPrussiawas ProtestantandSocialist.Pacellibya marveloftactandpersuasionmanaged tomakeaConcordatbetweentheGovernmentandtheVatican.Hebecame thefirstPapalNuncioinBerlin,in 1925.

FamousSermons.

TheyearsthathelivedinMunich andinBerlinmadehimunderstand theGermanpeople,theirideas,ambitions,difficulties.HiswonderfulcornmendoftheGermanlanguage,andhis thestruggles ofthepeopleandGovernmentofGermany,gainedhimtremendouspopularity. Hissermonsbecamefamous.AProtestanttheologianwhoheardhim speakattheCongressofMagdeburgin (ContinuedonPage14.)

.4=

STOVES,WoodorGas,newand used,sold,bought,repaired.W.A. StoveCoy.,559WellingtonStreet. B6307.

WINDING

"ChristdidnotgivetoPeterthekeysofthe Wilhelmstrasse,theKremlin,ortheCjirinal"

Althoughworkingceaselesslyforpeace,Papacy hasbeenalwaysignored

ThinkingpeoplewillrecogniseHolyFatheras onlyspiritualhopeofWorld

Inabroadcastaddresson"ThePapacyandPeace,-RightRev. MonsignorFultonJ.Sheen,oftheCatholicUniversityofAmerica. Washington,D.C.,pointstothesignificanceofthefamilynameofthe presentPope,Pacelii-aname"rootedinpeace"-andthePope's mottoandcoat-of-arms:"Peace,theworkofjustice."

THEREisnodoubtthatthe Churchisreturningfromexile, andthatthegreatmassof thinkingpeoplerecognisethattheHoly Seeistheonlyspiritualhopeofworld peace.ButthereareafewuninformedorthoughtlesspeoplewhounderstandlittleoftherelationofthePapacytoPeace.

First,Ifinditsomewhatamusingto hearthosewhodonotbelieveinthe HolyFatherastheVicarofChrist condemnhimfornotactingasthe VicarofChrist.Thereisthehumour ofincongruityinhearingthosewho refusedtolistentothevoiceofthe Churchwhenitdidspeaknowshout loudlyagainsttheChurchforhersilence.

Secondly,itiserroneouslyassumed thatnoprotestoftheHolyFatheris validunlessitisshoutedfromthe housetops.BecausetheChurchvery oftenworksquietlyanddiplomaticallythroughthescoreandmorenations accreditedtoher,andwhereitdoes themostgood,someinsistthatthe Churchhasnotspokenatall.We willnotknowuntilafterthewaris overallthediplomaticoverturesthe HolySeemadetopreventthiswar. Theymusthavebeenmany,forwe doknowthatwithintwoweeksafter thiswarbegantheHolyFathertold theBelgianAmbassador:

"Uptotheverymomentwhenhostilitiesbegan,Ineveromittedwhateverlayinmypower,withprayerand publicexhortationandrepeatedconfidentialsteps,toclarifyallmindson thegravityanddangerofthesituation,andendeavourtobringabout loyalandpeacefulnegotiationsonlastingprinciplesofcharityandjustice."

TheChurchDidThunder.

Apartfromthese"repeatedconfidentialsteps,"thefactis,thatwhenthe Churchdidthundertheworldpaid noattentiontoheratall,becausethe worldhearsonlywhatitwantsto hear.Forexample,in1864,thevery yeartheFirstInternationalwasfoundedbyMarxandEngelsinLondon, andwhentheBismarckianPrussia wasonlytwoyearsold,theHoly Father,PiusIX,foretoldthatLiberalismortheassertionofhumanlibertiesapartfromGodwouldendin completelysecularised,anti-religious, socialisticandcommunisticStates;but howmanypaidanyattentiontohim? AndyethispredictionofwhereLiberalismwouldendwastwogenerations aheadofhistime.

WhentheHolyFather,LeoXIII, in1891,condemnedtheevilsofmonopolisticcapitalismandthetendency tomakejusticeamatterofsocial agreement,andpredictedthatthe anti-moralandnon-Christianbasisof economicsandpoliticswasonlyatemporaryphenomenonandatransition fromaChristianculturetoadistinctlytotalitariananti-Christianorder, howmanyheededhisvoice?Andyet now,fiftyyearslater,weareatwar againsttheveryillshepredicted.

PopeLeoWarnedtheWorld.

When,threeyearslater,in1894,Leo XIIIwarnedthatthe"armedpeace whichnowprevailscannotlastmuch longer,"who,amongtheprophetsof ProgressandDarwinandthebrave newworldofH.G.Wells,believed thatthatnewwarwouldcometwenty yearsalmosttothedayaftertheHoly Fatherforetoldit?

When,onDecember23,1922,while ouroptimistswerestillfeedingthemselvesonRousseauandthenatural

goodnessofmanandboastingthatthe warof1914-1918wasawartoendall wars,howmanyheededthewordsof theHolyFather,thatanotherworld warwasnear,andthatthevengeance ofVersailleswasdevoidofjusticeand charity?

"Peace,"hesaid,"wasindeedsigned betweenthebelligerents,notinthe heartsofmen.Thespiritofwarstill reignsinthem,bringingalwaysgreater harmtosociety.Eventhougharms havebeenlaiddowninEurope,you knowwellhowtheperilsofnewwars arethreatening."

Thosewhoaskfuraloudthundering condemnationoftheHolySeealmost alwaysthinkofmoralityintermsof nationalslogansorgeographicalboundaries.Theydonotwantinjusticecondemned-theywantonlytheirparticularhatecondemned;theydonot wanttobetoldthatthereasonhumanitypreysuponitselfisbecauseithas lostGod-theywantonlytohave theirownself-righteousnessinflated.

ThepositionoftheChurchinthe worldisidenticalwiththepositionof Christ.RecallthattheIsrael throughwhichHewalkedandtaught wasaconquered,invaded,andop- pressednation.Ithadbeensofor severalgenerations,sinceatotalitarianCaesarmadeIsraelsomewhatlike invadedFranceto-day.

TheRomansoldiersnutonlyoverranthecountry,imposedtaxes,ap- pointedjudges,buttheyalonehadthe powertosentencetodeath.Israel hadtwogroupswhotooktotallydifferentattitudestowardtheirconquerors. Onegroup,theHerodians,whowere theQuislingsoftheday,favoured greaterco-operationwiththeRomans; theothergroup,thePharisees,believedthattaxesweredueonlytoGod asthesovereignruleroverIsrael,and that andsabotage,rebellion,insurrection, refusaltopaytaxestoRomewere perfectlylegitimate.

Thesetwogroupswere,consequent- ly,bitterenemiesofoneanother;but likeso theymanysuchantagonisticparties, forcedacoalitionoutofacommonhatredofreligion.Onthispar- ticulardaytheycametogethertoOur LordtotrapHiminHisspeech,by askingthequestion:"Itislawfulto givetributetoCaesar,ornot?"(Matt. 22,17.) Thesubtletyoftheques- tionlayinthedilemma:IfHesaid "Yes,"thePhariseeswouldaccuse HimofbeingdisloyaltoIsraelandto God;ifHesaid"No,"theHerodians wouldaccuseHimofbeingdisloyaltothecivilRomanGovernment.Either wayHeanswered,theythought,He couldbereportedeithertoIsraedor toRome.

MarkHisanswer:"ShowMethe coinofthetribute."(Matt.22,19.)He hadnoneHimself.TheythemselvesproducedtheRomancoinoftribute withtheHebrewinscription.Looking intotheirfaces,Heasked:"Whoseare thisimageandtheinscription?"Matt. 22,20.)Theyanswered,"Caesar's."(Matt.22,21.)Thatsettledit.The pennywastheirs,andtheimage Caesar's.TheywereusingCaesar'scoins;therefore,letthempayCaesar's taxes-butletthemnotforgetthat abovethatcivilauthority,whichwas wonbywar,therewasahigherallegiancetothethroneoftheMostHigh: "Render,therefore,toCaesarthe thingsthatareCaesar's,andtoGod thethingsthatareGod's:'(Matt.22, 21.) WhatChristGavetoPeter.

ChristdidnotgivetoPeterthekeys toCaesar'spalace,ortoWilhelmstrasse,theKremlin,ortheQuirinal.

Hegavetohimonlythekeysofthe KingdomofHeaven.Hedidnot givetoPetertherighttoimpugnthe authorityofapaganCaesar,forHe Himselfbowedbeforetheauthoritycf aPilate-HegavetoPeteronlythe guaranteethatthegatesofhellwould notprevailagainsttheChurch.Never didtheSaviourtellPeterthathis sheepwouldalwaysbesafeircm wolves-Hegavehim,as'Shepherd,onlytheprivilegeoflayingdownhis lifeforhissheep.

And,furthermore,iffromtimeto timeGodsendsaNero,.oraJulian, oraHitlertopersecutetheChurch, theHolyFatherknowsthatwecan saveoursoulsevenunderthem-perhapsevenmoresurely,thoughnot morecomfortably.Iieknows,toc, thatadaywillnevercomewhenthe persecutorsoftheChurchwill,asVivianiboastedaboutfortyyearsago, putthelightsoutofheaven,butthat adaywillcomewhentheChurchwill singarequiemoverthegravesofher persecutorsasherchildrenoncemore climboutofcatacombstopreach ChristandHimCrucified.

ButthoughCaesarisentitledtothe thingsthatareCaesar's,itisafact thatCaesar'sworldisinsuchaterriblemessthatitcanrecoverpeace onlybyandthroughthehelpofGod. Theworldisbeyondpracticalsolutions.Whenamachineispartlyout oforderanytinkerorpracticalman canfixit;butwhenithasgoneradic- allywrong,itcriesoutforanimprac- ticalsolution.Soitiswiththewor,d.

AstheHolyFatherputsit:"Experiencehastaughtusthatnov,orldlv calculations,nopoliticalexpedients, canbringaremedytothegravedisordersfromwhichmankindissuffering."

Dwellonhiswords:"Noworldlycalculations;'"nopoliticalexpedients." Inotherwords,noneweconomics,no newpolitics,willsavetheworld;we aretoofargone.Weneedanold theology,thepracticeofoldvirtuesareturntoGodandHisDivineSon.

Where,Then,istheRemedy?

Where,then,istheremedy?The HolyFathercontinues: "Inthefaceoftheenormityofthe disasterwhichhashaditsorigininthe de-Christianisationofindividualand sociallife,thereisnoremedythan thatofareturntothealtars."

Theworldwillnotbesavedbyany reshufflingofpoliticsandeconomics, butonlybythebirthofnewcentres ofspiritualinfluence.Wehavehad aneraofworldaffairswhentherich dictateditspolicies;thenanerawhen thepoorandthedispossessedandtheproletariatdictateditspolicies;then anerawhentheintelligentsiaandthe so-called"brainy"'dictateditspoli- cies;thenanerawhentheworkerand therevolutionistandtheilliteratedic- tateditspolicies.Nowletusbegin anerawhentheGoodwillhavesomethingtosay,whethertheyberichor poor,aPh.D.oranilliterate.But wherecanthisnewinfluencebeborn, astheHolyFathersaid,exceptat altars?

Catholicsknowthenecessityofthe spiritual,forourHolyFatherhastold

us.Buttoall,whatevertheybeJews,ProtestantsorCatholics-may therecomeanunderstandingofhis missiontotheworld.

SeetheHolyFatherasheis:The fatherofafamilyof400,000,000children,manyofthemfightingamong themselves;theshepherdofovera thirdofabillionsheepbeingseton bywolves;therockonwhichthe Churchisbuiltbeingbuffetedbythe windsandseas.Ifyouwouldvisit him,youmightglanceattheback ofhischairandseehiscoatofarms; youwouldnoticethatitisadovebearinganolivebranchinhismouth,and thatunderneathitisaninscription: "Paxopusjustitiae"-"Peaceisthe workof recalljustice."Youmightpossibly hisnamebeforebecomingthe 261st.successorofPeter:Patelli-the rootofwhichis"Peace."

NameRootedinPeace. Whencecomesthatcoatofarms?

Theinscriptionof"Peacetheworkof justice"wastakenfromIsaiastheprophet.Thedoveandtheolivebranch aretakenfromtheMosaicaccountof thedelugewhichdevastatedtheearth andkilledalllivingthingsinwhose nostrilswasthebreathoflife,except Noeandthosewhowerewithhimin theark.Yourememberthestoryof how,aftertenmonths,Noebeganto see,fromtheark,thetopofmountains.Noethensentforthadove fromthearktoseeifthewaterswere abatedfromthefaceoftheearth.The dovecamebackintheeveningand inhermouthwasanolivebranchof peace-thefloodhadsubsided!

TousthatsealoftheHolyFather isnottherecordofapastevent.I profoundlybelievethathewhosename isrootedinpeacewillbetheonewho willrestorepeacetotheworld,forwhenpeacedoescomeitwillcome notinthewaytheworldexpectsor plansit,butinanutterlyunsuspected way.AndperhapsthisveryPontiff whowasthefirstPontiffinthelong lineofPontiffsevertoflymaybethe onewho,inthemidstofthedelugeof bloodofthisawfulwarwhichhas drownedmillionsanddevastated homesandruinedtheworld,willhimself,likeadove,flyoutfromtheark ofSt.Peteroverdevastatedareasand comehackbearingforawearyworld theolivebranchofpeace.Weshall see!

ARTHURE.DAVIES&CO. funeralDirectorsanbEmbalmers

ERTH:

Cr.Beaufortand Bulw.rStreets. B9400.

CLAREMONT: Opposite RailwayStation. 12177.

FREMANTLE: 85Market Street. L2225.

PARTNERS:WALLACEA.H.GREEN&GEORGEB.COCKERILL.

"'Weblessyou..

We,PeteranbGregoryanbHilbebranb anballtheNinetythatboeenotbie

To-dayafrailmanlivesbesidetheTiber-ateacherwhom sciencescoffsat.alegislatorwhomlawyersignore,awarriorwithoutaweapon,ajudgewithoutacourt,arulerwithoutasceptre. Paganrulersinmanylandsarewearyofhim.Wiseacreschroniclehimasbelongingtoancientdays,hisinfluencelongsincedead. So-calledprogressivesprotestthatheisaclogonthewheelsofprogress.Thefools!Thefools!Heisnotdead.Heisto-daythe reigningmonarchofadynastywhichcountstheEmpiresofEuropeasofyesterday.Uponhisthronehavesatinoneunbroken line262menwhoborethepersonalityofPeter.Thishistoryis thehistoryofcivilisation-ofwaitingthatwasprudent,ofpro-

greysthatwaswise.Onebyonetheymarchthroughthevibrant, pulsatingpagesofhistory,safeguardingtheireternaltruth,inculcatingtheirsavingworship,challengingahostileworld.Inthe midstofallhistroubles,helooksandlistens.Waveafterwave, generationaftergeneration,centuryaftercentury-eachcomeswith itsthreat,itsperilanditsshock.Butthewavesandthecenturies pass,andChrist'sVicarremainsthesame.DefendingeternalveritiesfromtheonslaughtsofRightandLeft,hesetshisaustereface againstallclaimsoftheStatetodictatetoconscienceortointerfereinthethingsofGod-TheRightRev.Mons.English,V.G.

'WouldtheTopeconsenttoarbitrateporPeace?

Historydisclosesamazingsuccessof

nothingtostopwar

(11ExcommunicationwoulddoPapalPeace

-Makers

ContrastBetweenMilitarisminMediaevalandModernTimes

TEil storyoftheeffortsofPope PiusXIItomakethenationssee thenecessityofajustpeaceis wellknown.Tociteonlytwoinstances:Hehasprescribedthat,totheCollectsofeveryMasssaidintheworld everyday,thereshallbeaddedthe prayerforpeace,thesameprayerthat wesayattheendofeachbroadcast. Thereare,bytheway,nearlyhalfa millionMassessaideverydayinthe world.Thentherearethefivepoints forinternationalpeaceproposedbythe Pope-pointsthatwereadoptedbythe governingbodiesinEngland.Thisis thefirsttimesincetheReformation thatthenon-CatholicbodiesinEnglandhaveadoptedanyprinciplessuggestedbythePope.Fromallthese Papaldeclarationsitisevidentthat thePopeshavenothesitatedtopro-

posethecorrectprinciplesaccordingto whichthewarmaybebroughttoan endandajustandlastingpeaceestablished-apeace,too,withoutdictatorsandtheoppressionofhelpless smallnations,asthefivepointsreferredtoclearlyanouncetotheworld.

NeverinthehistoryofthePapacy hasaPoperefusedtoactforpeaceif hehasbeenaskedsotodo.Butno nationorheadofanationhasasked thePopetoactasmediatorinthepresentwar.Iamwellawarethatthe successofthePopesinarbitrationto preventorsettlemanywarshasbeen doubtedbymanywhodonotknowthe facts.Thematterisimportant,so herearethefacts.Youwillfindthem inmanyCatholicpublications;they arewellsummarisedinthebook,"CampaignersforChristHandbook,"bymy friend,DavidGoldstein:

St.LeotheGreat,armedwiththe CrossofChrist,wentforthtomeet Attila,theHun,ashewasapproaching Romewithhisvasthorde,intentupon murderingtheinhabitantsandsacking theEternalCity,andsubduedthe "ScourgeofGod."Threeyearslater thesameLeometGensericandhis vandalsandsavedthetreasuresofRomancivilisationforfuturegenerations. Morethanthat!ManyoftheseinvaderswereconvertedtoChristand towaysofpeace.

TheTruceofGod,institutedbythe Church,gaveoccasionalpausetothe fightingbarbariansandaidedthe ChurchinformingEuropeancivilisation.

St.GregoryI1590404)securedpeace fortheRomansfromAgitulphus,King oftheLombards,andpeacebetween theOrientalemperorsandthesame monarch.

St.GregoryII(715-734)againsaved RomefromanotherLombardking, Luitprand.

St.LeoIX(10484054)madepeace betweenEmperorHenryIIIandKing AndrewofHungary.

Victor(1055-1057)restoredharmony betweenEmperorHenryIII,Baldwin ofFlanders,andGodfreyofLorraine.

GregoryVIII(1187)intervenedbetweenBathoryofPolandandIvanthe Terrible,andendedabitterwarbetweenthem.

InnocentIII(1198.1216)arbitrated thedifferencesofPortugal,Aragon, BulgariaandSerbia,and,atanother time,adisputebetweenPhilipofSuabiaandOttoofBrunswickoverthe throneoftheempire.

HonoriusIII(1216.1227)mediated betweenLouisVIIofFranceand HenryIIIofEngland.

InnocentIX(1243-1254)mediated betweentheEmperorRudolphand CharlesofAnjou.

BonifaceVIII(1294-1303),bypeacefulpersuasion,broughttheHundred Years'Wartoanend.

JohnXXII11316.1334mediated betweenEdwardIIofEnglandand RobertofScotland.

BenedictXII11334-13421between EdwardIIIofEnglandandPhilipde ValoisofFrance.

GregoryXI11370-1378)betweenthe KingsofPortugalandCastile.

MartinV(1417-1431)mediatedthe differencesbetweenFranceandEngland,andbroughtpeacetoEurope.

NicholasV(1447-14531frequently mediatedbetweenGermany,Italyand Hungary.

InnocentVIII1474-1495)mediated inMuscovy,AustriaandEngland.

AlexanderVI1492-15031settledthe disputebetweenSpainandPortugal overthenew-foundwesternlandsby thePapalLineofDemarcation.

UrbanVIII116234644)settledvariousdisputesbetweenheadsofthe reigninghousesinItaly.

GregoryXIII(1572.1585)mediated betweentheCzarofMuscovyandthe KingofPoland.

Inourtime,LeoXIII(1878-1903) waschosenasarbitratorbetweenGermanyandSpaininthedisputeoverthe CarolineIslands,andalsomediatedbetweentheRepublicofHaitiandSan Domingo,andsettledtheFriarquestioninthePhilippinesfortheUnited States.

DuringtheWorldWar,BenedictXV successfullymediatedbetweenGermany,Austria,TurkeyandHungary. ontheoneside,andEngland,France, Belgium,Russia,SerbiaandMontenegroontheother, of disabledprisonersandinternedcivilians.

PopePiusXIwasselectedtoarbitrateanydifferencesthatmightarise betweenPeruandSpain.

PleasenotethatPopeBenedictXV, duringtheWorldWar,wasthesuccessfulmediatorbetweentenofthe warringnationsfortheexchangeof prisoners.Yet,whenheadvocateda conferenceforthesettlementofthe war,notoneofthesenationsapparentlywishedtousehisgoodofficesfor thispurpose.Indeed,theLeagueof NationsandthePeaceConference wouldnotadmitarepresentativeof theHolySee,whichhashadmoreexperienceandmoresuccessinsettlinginternationaldisputesthanhavehadall theparticipatingnationsputtogether: Tomywayofthinking,thisfactisnot withoutprofoundsignificanceforthe successofpeacenegotiationsinthe future.

Inaddition,youmayrecalltherecentnoticeinthePressofthework oftheHolySeeingettingnewsof militaryprisonerstotheirfamiliesin allpartsoftheworld.

Thequestionhasbeenaskedwith greatfrequency:"Whydoesnotthe Popestopthewarbyexcommunicating alltheCatholicswhoparticipateinthe war?"Suchanexcommunicationwas actuallyinforceintheeleventhcentury,inwhatwasknownas"The PeaceoftheChurch"or"ThePeaceof God."Buttheeleventhcenturyis notthetwentiethcentury.Inthe eleventhcenturytherulersandministersofthenationswereloyalsonsof theChurch,aswerethekingsandother rulersoftheCatholicStatesofthe MiddleAges:sowerethepeoplesof EuropeCatholic,fortheReformation wasstillfivecenturiesaway.

Excommunicationisaspiritualweapon,acensurebywhichapersonis deprivedofthespiritualbenefitsof theChurch,isexcludedfromtheMysticalBodyofChristandfromallthat thisimpliesinthespiritualeconomy oftheCatholicChurch.Anexcommunicatedperson,sexcludedfromdivineserviceintheChurch,isdeprived ofthesacramentsandsometimesofthe sacramentals,isexcludedfromthepublicprayersoftheChurch,andundergoesotherecclesiastic,andsometimes social,penalties.Theseeffectswould havenoforcewithanyone,ruleror official,whoisalreadyoutofthejurisdictionoftheChurchandcaresnothing forherauthority,And,ofcourse,ex-

communicationwouldbeespeciallyineffectiveinthosecountrieslikeEngland,GermanyandtheUnitedStates wheretherulershavenocommunion, officiallyorotherwise,withtheChurch andwhereCatholicsareintheminority.

Itmustberememberedthatthe Churchhasotherwaysthanexcommunicationinwhichtoexerciseits spiritualauthority.Excommunication isnotawholesalepenaltyexerted againstnations;itisexertedagainst individuals.Therewasonlyonecenturyofthemodernerainwhichthe Churchwasallowedtoexertonthe worldherinfluenceforpeace,unhamperedbynationaljealousy.

Thatwasthe12th.century,which,as twoeminentRussiansociologistspointedoutafewyearsago,wasthemost peacefulcenturysincethebirthof Christ.Inthatcenturythepercentage ofwar,onascientificbasiswhichthese scientistsworkedout,wasonly2.7.It was31.32percent,forthecenturiesof theCrusades,roseslowlyuntiltheReformationreachedanewheightduring thereligiouswarsfollowingthatevent. androseto567.5percent.duringthe 18th.century.Thefirstquarterof ourprogressive20th.centuryshowsa percentageof13,735,98,whichmakes ourgenerationjust5,087timesas bloodthirstyandwarlikeasthe12th. century.Andthisappallingpercentagemusthavebeendoubledbythe warssince1925. OnlylastAugustthePopeinsisted onhismissionofpeacewhenhereceiv-

edthenewAmbassadorfromBolivia totheHolySee.Iquote:

"WhiletheconvulsionsofatremendouswartormentEurope,"HisHolinesssaidtothenewAmbasador,"you comecordiallywishingtheconsolationofsuccessinOureffortsandOur mostintenseaspirationtopeace.

"YouwellknowthatinhumanityredeemedbyChristrealpeaceisimpossibleoutsidetheprinciplesandrulesof justiceandcharitypromulgatedbythe Gospel.TheSeeofSt.Peterhasalwaysendeavouredtobringitabout that,withoutpassion,menmayfindin thesesupremeprinciplesofrealhuman fraternitythenoblesolutionofthe problemswhichdividethem.

"ConsciousofthegravityoftheburdenofOurduty,WedeclarethatWe willnotceasetoadmonishwithpaternalinsistence,allinthesameway,especiallythosewhoshouldertheresponsibilityofthefutureofnations."

PopePiussaidhedoesnotdoubt thatDivineProvidencewilldraw spiritualandmoralfruitsevenfrom thistitanicstruggle,"butatthesame timeweexhortmentolistentothe voiceoftheChurch,whichwithmaternalloveordersthemtosupplicateGod andadmonishesmentoliberatemankindfromthescourgeofwar."

Whenthenationsandtherulersof theworldarereadythePopewillwork fortheestablishmentofajustand charitablepeaceassoonastheyextendtoHisHolinesstheinvitationto actinthematter.Whenwillthatinvitationcome?

A.R.P.NEEDS!

BOMB-BLASTPROTECTORS toprotecteardrums,brainandlungs duringairraids.Inaddition,thedevicewilldefinitelyhelptomaintainthe moraleofthewearerduringtheterrorofgunfire andbombbursts.Similarearplugsareissuedto GunnersoftheRAA,2s. each.WITHPRINTED DIRECTIONSFREE. 0

BOANSWONDERFUL THIRDFLOOR.

IDENTIFICATIONCARDHOLDERSls.EACH RATIONBOOKHOLDERS ls.EACH (STATIONERYDEPT. GROUNDFLOOR

DUK-BAKBLACK-OUTPAPER 7d.YARD OUTLINEWHITE

TIN (PAINTDEPT. GROUNDFLOOR)

apvt±E)D-Eto

RAMSAY

FAULKNERWEDDING

S ectlituldt

June27:GrandCarnivalDance,St, Joseph'sHall,Subiaco,byCatholic TennisAssociation.

July1:ComplimentaryDancefor membersoftheMilitary,Navaland AirForces,ParishHall,Highgate.ArrangedbyH.A.C.B.Society.

July6:LoretoPastPupils'AssociationWattleBall,atKarrakattaClub, 8.30p.m.

Thursday,July9:LectureatCentral CatholicLibrary,36Pier-street,byRev. FatherSmith,ofPalmyra.Subject: "FutureChinese-AustralianRelations."

PERSONAL

RecentrecruitstotheA.11-.A.S.are MissesJoanMillerandDolaBuswell,of theSt.Brigid'sTennisClub,andwell knownmembersoftheparish.They areleavingintheweek-endtotakeup theirtrainingintheEasternStates, andthegoodwishesoftheirmany friendsofSt.Brigid'sgowiththem.

WEDDINGREPORTS.

Allreportsofweddingsarechargeableonthefollowingbasis:

Forsinglecolumnreport,withor withoutblock,10/6.

Twocolumnblock,withreport, t1ls.

Threecolumnblock,withreport, tl10s.

Thesechargesincludethecostof blockineachcase.Seeadvertisingrateselsewhereinthisissue.

Allreportsmustbesignedbythe ParishPriest.

Recipes

With1

OnSaturday,June13,atSt.Anne's Church,Belmont,themarriagetook place,withNuptialMass,celebratedby. Rev.FatherAhern,assistedbyRev. FatherO'Connor,ofJamesWilliam Cunningham,eldestsonofMr.andMrs. W.J.C.Ramsay,ofVictoriaPark,to

TCathrineNlar4aret.youngestdaughter ofthelateMr.andMrs.j,Faulkner,of Belmont.Thealtarwasartistically decoratedwithwhiteliliesbytheSistersfromSt.Anne'sSchool.TheMass wasservedbythebridegroom'sbrother,MasterJ.Ramsay,andMrs.T. Douglaspresidedattheorgan. Thebride,whowasgivenawayby herbrother,Mr.P.J.Faulkner,looked verycharminginafrockofwhiteSwiss stiffenedlace,withfullcirculartrain, andlovelythree-tiertulleveil,She carriedabouquetofwhiteroses,which wasreplacedduringtheMassbya Missalhoundinwhitemorocco.

ChristianEucaiion ofYouth

:1trulyChristianeducationisthe rightofyouth,andparticularlyinthese times,itisanabsolutenecessity.Our DivineMaster,"whileembracinginthe immensityofHisloveallmankind, evenunworthysinners,showedneverthelessaspecialaffectionandtendernessforchildren,andexpressedHimselfinthosesingularlytouchingwords, 'Sufferthelittlechildrentocomeunto

MAKESUREOFIT.

Ifyoulodgeasumofmoneywith theLotteriesCommissiontheyYinpost aticketineachsweeptoyoutil:thy' moneyrunsout.Youcanoltaffcrd tomissaCharitiesConsultation causeyouneverknowwhichonewill beyourluckyone. 101.211,1illH111111111IIDIO11IIHI1IIMI112911111111I1111g01

LORETOPASTPUPILS' ASSOCIATION.

- : 7'TLEB.1LLJULY6. KARRAKATTACLUB. 8.30p.m. TICKETS,5s.

(ObtainableatDoor), ProceedsforthePrisonersofWar Appeal,

FranciscanSocialClub

SecondFloor,BactonHouse, HaySt.(nextGleddenBuilding). *LuncheoneveryThursday, 12-2p.m.Lecturetteand discussion.

Women'smeeting2.30-4p.m. Acordialinvitationisextended toallinterested

Me.'SuchwerethewordsofPope PiusXI.inhisencyclical,"TheChristianEducationofYouth."HisinsistenceuponaChristianeducationwas calledfor,hesaid,"whenthereisso greatanddeplorableabsenceofclear andsoundprinciples,evenregarding problemsthemostfundamental."

Itisinsuchtimesasthesethatyouth isreceivingtheimpressionsthatform itscharacter.Itisuponyouththat thefutureofeverycountrydepends, butmoreimportant,itisuponyouth thatthefutureoftheChurchdepends. Andtheimpressionthatyouthforms nowwillmostsurelyhavetheireffect uponthematuritytowhichyouthis fastapproaching.Themainpurpose ofaChristianeducationistofixthe minduponGod,Whois"Thefirstprincipleandlastendofthewholeuniverse.'Thisistheendwithwhich thewholeworkofeducationshouldbe connected,AsPopePiusXIsaid,"it shouldconsistessentiallyinpreparing manforwhathemustbe.andforwhat hemustdoherebelow,inordertoattainthesublimeendforwhichhewas created."

Educationbelongstothethreesocietieswhichmakeupourcivilisation,the family,civilsociety,bothbelongingto anaturalorder,andtheChurch,which belongstothesupernaturalorder.Education,aswemust'valise,belongspreeminentlytotheChurch,fordidnot OurLordsay,"Going,therefore,teach yeallnations,'andthesecondclaimto thispre-eminenceismadebyreasonof thesupernaturalmotherhoodofthe Church,whoeducatessoulsintheDivinelifeofgrace.

"Fromthis,"saysPiusXI.,"wesee thesupremeimportanceofChristian education,notmerelyforeachindividual,butforfamiliesandforthewhole ofhumansociety,whoseperfection

ThebridewasattendedbyMissA. Ashwin,wearingafrockofoldgold moiretaffeta:andMissD.Ramsay (bridegroom'ssister,inafrockofalmondgreenmoiretaffeta.Theduties ofbestmanwerecarriedoutbyMr. StanMartin,whileMr.RonBattersbey actedasgroomsman.

Aftertheceremonyareceptionwas heldatPatterson's,Murray-street, whereMrs.RegCribb,thebride'ssister.assistedbyMrs.W.J.C.Ramsay, thebridegroom'smother,receivedthe guests,TheRev.FatherAhernacted aschairman,andtheusualtoastswere honouredandmanytelegramsreadout.

Method:

FruitCerealJelly.

Stewanyfruituntilsoftandtender, andsweetenslightly. Uselesssugar ifyousweetenafteritiscooked,) Strainwhencookedandmeasureout thejuice.Toeverypint,addone ounceoffinesagoorarrowroot,which hasbeensmoothlyblendedwithalittlecoldwater.Stiruntilitboils,and simmeruntilclear.Whencool,turn intoindividualglassesorintoonelarge glassdish.Makeapacketofcustard powderupwithslightlylessthanone pintofmilk.Whencold,whipthecustard,andservewiththefruitcereal jelly.

TomatoJam.

Niethod: Selectsoundtomatoes,andpour boilingwateroverthem.Thenremovetheskins.Allowanequalquantityofsugartotheweightofprepared tomatoes,andleaveovernight.Take outthetomatoesnextmorning,and boilupthesyrup.Skimitandput inthetomatoesagain,andaddlemon substitutetoequalthejuiceofone lemon-Boilfortwentyminutes. Whenthejamiscool,putintojars, addthesyrup,coverandstoreina dry,coolplace.

SavouryCauliflower.

"Christianeducation anabsolute necessity."

comesfromtheelementsthatcompose it.Fromthesesameprinciples,the excellence,wemaycallittheunsurpassedexcellenceoftheworkofChristianeducationbecomesmanifestand clear,forafterall,itaimsatsecuring theSupremeGood,thatisGod,forthe soulsofthosewhoarebeingeducated, andthemaximumofwell-beingpossible herebelowforhumansociety.

ButnothingdisclosestoUsthesupernaturalbeautyandexcellenceofthe workofChristianEducationbetterthan thesublimeexpressionofloveofOur BlessedLord,identifyingHimselfwith Hischildren,"Whosoevershallreceive onesuchchildasthisinMyname,receivethMe."

Soakthecauliflower,headdownwards,forhalfanhourincold,salted water.Thenplaceinapotwith boilingsaltedwatertocover,andcook for20minutes.Drainandplaceina greasedbakingdishwithheadupwards,pouroverthejuiceofonehalf lemon,andsprinkleoverthisthree tablespoonsfulsoft,finebreadcrumbs, thathavebeenbrownedinthree tablespoonsbutter:thensiftontop thehardcookedyolksoftwoeggs, mixedwithtwotablespoonsfinely choppedparsley.Thisisidealwith roastbeef,steakorchops.Bakeina moderateovenuntilthewholeis blendedtogether,whichshouldtake abouttwentyminutes.

PotatoCreamSoup.

Ingredients:6heapedtablespoonsfulofmashedpotatoes,2tablespoonsfulofunsweetenedcondensedmilk,1 ounceofbutterormargarine,lIpints ofmilkandwater,ounceofflour,1 smallonion.

Meltthebutterinasaucepan,and addthefinely-choppedonion.Cook, butdonotallowittobrown.Addthe flour,blendwiththeonionandbutter, addthecoldmilkandwater,andbring totheboil,stirringallthetime.Add themashedpotatoes,seasonwithpepperandsalt,andallowtosimmerfor fifteenminutes. Passthesoupthroughasieve,reheat,andwhenalmostboilingaddthe unsweetenedcondensedmilk.Serve veryhot.

PresentPopeperpetuatesCatholicAction MethodsofPiusXI

StressesTranscendentImportanceandUrgent necessityinTaskofReconstruction

SPECIALRELIANCEONUNIVERSITYSTUDENTS

"Endeavour,forceyourselves tomake

ThevoiceoftheHolyFatherisheardinthemidstoftheworldconflict-callingonCatholicstogivethemselvesevermoreintenselytoCatholic Action.Eveninafewyears,oppressedwithsomanyanxieties,hehas shownvividlywhathopesheplacesinthismovement. "Allothermethods,"saysthePapalSecretaryofState(speakingfortheHolyFather). 'willshowthemselvestobeunequaltothesuperhumantasksthatawait us.''

DuringthewholePontificateofPius XlltheChurchandthewholecivilisedworldhavebeendarkenedbythe shadowofwar.TheHolyFatherhas beenforcedtooccupyhimselfwith mattersdirectlyconcerningtheconflictandthenewandurgentissues whichhavearisenoutofit.Consequentlyhehasnotbeenabletodevelopmorefullythelinesfortheorganisationofthemovementlaiddown byPopePiusXI.Onthisaccount somepersonshaveimaginedthathe doesnotsharetheinterestofhisgreat

CARDINALMAGLIONE. SecretaryofState.

Istheclergysufficient? aholy andzealouslaityisitsprovidentialextension."

predecessorinCatholicAction,orthat heintends,insomemanner,toalter thefundamentalbasisofitsstructure. Anexaminationoftheevidence,however,showsthatthisisnotatallthe case.ThepresentHolyFatherhas spokenandwrittenagreatdealabout CatholicAction,andtherecanbeno doubtofthetremendousimportance whichheattachestoit.Thefollowingextractsfromspeechesandletters indicatehismindquiteclearly:

Encyclical"SummiPontificatus."

LetusbeginwiththislengthyextractfromhisEncyclicalLetteronthe functionoftheStateinthemodern world(SummiPontificatus):

CatholicAction.

"ItgivesUs,VenerableBrethren, aninwardstrength,aheavenlyjoy,for whichWedailyrendertoGodOur deepandhumblethanks,toseein everyregionoftheCatholicworldevidentsignsofaspiritwhichboldly facesthegigantictasksofOurage, whichwithgenerousdecisionisintent onunitinginfruitfulharmonythe firstandessentialdutyofindividual sanctification,andapostolicactivity forthespreadoftheKingdomofGod. FromthemovementoftheEucharistic Congressesfurtheredwithlovingcare byOurpredecessorsandfromthecollaborationofthelaityformedinCatholicActiontowardsadeeprealisation oftheirnoblemission,flowforthfountainsofgraceandreservesof strength,whichcouldhardlybesufficientlyprizedinthepresenttime,

whenthreatsaremorenumerous, needsmultiplyandtheconflictbetweenChristianityandanti-Christianismgrowsintense.

'Atamomentwhenoneisforcedto notewithsorrowthedisproportionbetweenthenumberofpriestsandthe callsuponthem,whenoneseesthat evento-daythe.wordsofOurSaviour apply:'Theharvestisgreat,butthe labourersarefew'(St.Matthewix,37: St.Lukex,21thecollaborationofthe laityintheApostolateoftheHierarchy,acollaborationindeedgivenby manyandanimatedwithardentzeal andgenerousself-devotion,standsout asapreciousaidtotheworkofpriests andshowspossibilitiesofdevelopment whichjustifythebrightesthopes.

TheprayeroftheChurchtotheLord oftheHarvestthathesendworkers intohisvineyard(cf.St.Matthewix, 37:St.Lukex,2)hasbeengrantedto adegreeproportionatetothepresent needs,andinamannerwhichsupplementsandcompletesthepowers,oftenobstructedandinadequate,of thepriestlyapostolate.Numbersof ferventmenandwomen,ofyouthobedienttothevoiceoftheSupreme Pastorandtothedirectionsoftheir Bishops,consecratethemselveswith thefullardouroftheirsoulstothe worksoftheapostolateinorderto bringbacktoChristthemassesof peopleswhohavebeenseparatedfrom Him.

"Totheminthismomentsocritical fortheChurchandformankindgo outOurpaternalgreeting,Ourdeep- feltgratitude,Ourconfidenthope. Thesehavetrulyplacedtheirlivesand theirworkbeneaththestandardof ChristtheKing;andtheycansay withthePsalmist:'Ispeakmyworks totheking'(Psalmsxliv,1).'Thy Kingdomcome'isnotsimplytheburningdesireoftheirprayers;itis,besides,theguideoftheiractivity.

TheLayApostolate. "Thiscollaborationofthelaitywith thepriesthoodinallclasses,categories andgroupsrevealspreciousindustry, andtothelaityisentrustedamission thatwhichnobleandloyalhearts coulddesirenonehighernormoreconsoling.Thisapostolicwork,carried outaccordingtothemindofthe Church,consecratesthelaymanasa kindof'MinistertoChrist'inthesense whichSt.Augustineexpla:osasfollows:'When,Brethren,youhearOur Lordsaying:whereIamtheretooMy servantbe,donotthinksolelyofgood Bishopsandclerics.'Youtooinyour wayministertoChristbycgoodlife, byalmsgiving,bypreachingHisname andteachingtowhomyou'-an.Thus everyfathershouldrecognisethatit isunderthistitlethatheowespaternal affectiontohisfamily.Letitbefor thesakeofChristandforlifeeverlasting,thatheadmonishesallhis household,teaches,exhorts,reproves,showskindness,corrects;andthusin hisownhomehewillfulfilanecclesiasticalandinawayanepiscopal officoministeringtoChrist,thathe maybeforeverwithHim.(Onthe GospelAccordingtoSt.John,tract51, n.13.1"

Specialisation.

Anexampleofthewayinwhichthe presentHolyFatherisfollowingon thefootstepsofPiusXIisindicated intheremarkshemadeinthecourseof amagnificentaddresstotheCongress ofInternationalCatholicWomen's LeaguesatRomein1939.Hesaid:

yourselvesthebest"

"FortheApostle,tobelistenedto, mustspeak,nottorepresentativesof someabstracthumanity,whichwould belongtoallcountries,toalltimes, andallconditions,buttoapArt'cular groupofone'sownkind,inaparticularcountry,ataparticularlevelofthe socialhierarchy.Thatisoneofthe goldenrulestracedbytheever-lamentedPontiffwhowasthegreatpromoterofCatholicAction,andwhoremainsnowitsinvisibleinspirer."

ThebasisofthisruleofSpecialisationwaslaiddownalsobyCardinal Maglione,PapalSecretaryofState, duringthesameyeartotheCatholic SocialActionConferenceinFrance. Hedeclared:

"Thesesocialclasseshavedefinite elementsthatitisimportanttorecognise.Theyarenotavagueform ofvoluntaryassociation.

"Theclassissomethingmorenatural,morewidespread,moreprofound. Itistheresultofasimilarityofliving andworkingconditions;ofcommon moralandmaterialinterests,spontaneouslydrawingtogetherandunitingmenandfamilieswiththesame necessitiesofexistence,sharingthe sameculture,thesameneeds,the samehopes;fittingintoalawof naturethatisfoundineverydegree ofcreation.Thus,forexample,we havetheworkingclass,theemploying class,themiddle-class,tomentionbut afew."

TheImportanceofCatholicAction.

WequoteanotherspeechbyCardinal MaglioneaddressedtothePresident ofthe"SemainesSociales"ofCanada duringlastyear.Thequotationis takenfrom"TheCatholicHerald," October31,1941: "Istheclergysufficient?"asksCardinalMaglione,onbehalfofthePope, "Weknow,alas,thatinmanycountriesitistoorarefied,andthat,in anycase,manysectionsofsociallife livefarfromitsinfluence.Aholy andzealouslaityisthereforeitspro- videntialextension.Resideswasit notthusintheprimitiveChurch,in whichweseeSt.Paulalreadysaluting 'thosewhohavesharedwithhimin thespreadingoftheGospel?'

"ThereforetheHolyFatherhasnot hesitatedtowritethat'collaboration inthehierarchicalapostolatebya laitythatisnumerousandanimated withardentzealandgenerousdevotionbringsapreciousauxiliarytothe workofthepriests.'Thiscollaborationisalreadystronglyorganised,differentiatedaccordingtothevarious classestobereached,andinclose unionwiththebishopsandtheirec-

ciesiasticalco-operators,towhomthe apostolicmandatehasbeenspeciallyconfided.Istherenot,intheapplicationoftheseprinciples,matterfor efficaciousmeditations,forthosebetter adaptationscalledforbyaworldin perpetuallabour,andfornewandunlimitedimprovement,'

"Who,ontheotherhand,couldfail toseetheactualityofsuchasubject? If.evenatthebeginningofthewar, HisHolinessunderlined'thetranscendentimportanceandurgentnecessity ofCatholicAction,'whatplacewould henotassigntoitinthelaborious reconstructionsofto-morrow?All othermethodswillshowthemselvesto beunequaltothesuperhumantasksthatawaitus.

-This,then,itistowhichCatholic Actionwillefficaciouslyapplyitself: CatholicAction,ofwhichthememberscomposethatferventarmywhich St.Petergreetswithexultationasa 'holyrace,aroyalpriesthood.'For infactthisapostoliclabour,asthe EncyclicalSummiPontificatusalso states,takingawordfromSt.Augus- tine,maybesaidtoconsecratethe laymanandtomakehiminawaya ministerofChrist."

EncyclicaltoPeopleofChile.

LastyeartheHolyFatherhadthe opportunityofsendingamessageto thepeopleofChile.Afterdealing withmanytopicsheexpressedhisdesiresinthesewords:

"Mayall,particularlythoseofyour belovedsonswhomCatholicAction hasgroupedabouttheirHierarchyas mostzealousauxiliaries,workwithout repose practiceuntilChristianthoughtand penetrateintothedeepestcornersofyourpublicandprivate,individualandsocial,life-athome,in theworkshop,intheofficeandespeci- allyintheschools.Theschoolsare forgesatwhicharemouldedthesouls ofyourchildren,yourchildrenwho arecalledtomaintainandtoraiseto anevenhigherleveltheglorioustraditionsinheritedfromyourancestors. Andtheywillneverrisetothelevel theyshouldattainiftheHolyFireof Christianthoughtandpracticeisallowedtosmoulder."

AddresstoUniversityStudents.

Inhisaddress,whichwasgivento collegestudentsinRome,membersof CatholicAction,PiusXIIdemandsan altogethermoreseriousattitudetowardsthedifficultiesraisedbythe contemporaryworldagainsttheFaith.

"Faiththroughhabitlastsonlyup tothedaywhen,inthefaceofmore seriousdifficulties,doubtarises qnntiniledonPage13.)

PROPERTYMANAGEMENT

Over30years'experienceinpropertymanagementandrentcollectionenableusto offeryouexpertserviceinthisdirection. Wealsohaveextensivelistsofprivate homesavailableforpurchaseinallsuburbs. Reasonabletermsarrangedifrequired. Wecanofferyouspecialisedserviceinall branchesofRealEstate.

DUDLEY&DWYERLIMITED SWORNVALUATORS.

98ST.GEORGE'STERRACE.

Ho131SeecNeeds GreaterAssistance

(inSundaynext,theannualcollectionfortheHolyFather. popularlyknownasPeter'sPence,willhemadeinallparishesof theArchdiocese.ItwillhappilycoincidethisyearwiththecelebrationofthesilverjubileeofthePope'sEpiscopalconsecration. ItisinterestingtonotethatthisannualcontributiontotheHoly SeetookitsriseinEnglandintheeighthcentury.andthatinthe MiddleAgesitseemsalmosttohavebeenconfinedtoEngland andsomefewothernorthernnations.Thefirsthistoricalrecord ofthistributederivesfromtheofferofKingOffaofMerciatothe PapalLegates,andeveninthoseearlytimesitwasstatedthatthe moneywastobeappliedtothereliefofthepoorandtoproviding lightsforthechurchesofRome.Thistraditionalpractice,distinctfromfeudaltributepaidinmanypartsoftheworldtothe HolySee,continueddowntotheReformation,butseemsnowhere tohavesurvivedit.Itwas,however,revivedinthelatterhalfof the19th.centuryintheimportantnationsofEurope.Although themonetarysupportofthePopewasrevivedbyvoluntarypious associationsofCatholics,itmustbeconsiderednowadays,when thegovernmentoftheChurchissocentralisedandcloselyknit. andmoreoverwhenthePopeisnolongerinpossessionofsignificanttemporalaffluenceorthematerialpatronageofnations,that thereisadefiniteobligationinconsciencearisingfrompositiveecclesiasticallaw.

Catholicsareobligedbyoneofthecommandmentsofthe Churchtocontributeaccordingtotheirmeanstothesupportof theirpastors.Primarily,ofcourse,suchanobligationisdirected towardstheirparishpriestandtheirlocalhierarchy,butitwould bestrangeiftheywereunmindfuloftheneedsoftheirchiefpastor,theVicarofChrist,andBishopofRome.ThePeter'sPence collectionthisyearhasbeenmadethesubjectofaspecialappeal ineveryparishintheArchdiocese.Thecollectionthisyearwill notonlybeanoccasionforCatholicstogivepracticalproofof theiraffectionfortheVicarofChristandtheirdevotiontothe HolySee,butalsoareminderthatthisthirdyearofwarhasmade tremendoushumanitariandemandsuponthePapaltreasury.Atall timesthesedemandsareheavy,andtheHolyFatherisquicktorespondwithpracticalcharitytothesufferingsofpeoplesofevery raceandcreed.Sometimesitisthevictimsoffamine,ofearthquake, floodandfire;sometimesitisthevictimsofreligiouspersecution, suchastheJewshavesufferedinbothGermanyandItaly,butchieflythevictimsofwarcalluponthePope,fortheirsisthemost poignantgrief.Widows,orphans.refugees,homeless,without moneyandoftenwithoutfood,prisonersofwar,andnumbering literallymillions,arethepeoplewhoinpracticallyeverygeneration ofmoderntimesmustpaythepriceof\vat-both(luringand afterthehostilities.

TheHolySeedoesnotdiscriminateintheadministrationof thereliefwhichitisabletobringtothesestrickenpeople;andindeeditcouldnot,forapartfromthefactthatcharityofitsnature issupernaturalinoutlookanduniversalinapplication,themoney whichtheHolySeeadministersiscontributedbytheCatholicsof theentireworld.SincethegreaterpartofEuropeisengulfedin thepresenttitanicstruggle,theproblemofreliefforthevictims ofwarisgreatlyintensified.Thenumberwhowillbeleftdestitutebythiswarwillbethegreatesteverknowntohistory,while themassofthosefreetoassistthemwillprobablybethesmallest. ItthereforebehovestheCatholicsofAustralia,andofallcountries notdirectlyaffectedbythewar,toredoubletheirgenerosityon thisoccasion.Thereisverymuchmoreinvolvedthanthemerelyhumanitarianquestionofprovidingfood,clothing,andshelter forthewarvictims,forinthehandsoftheVicarofChristthese materialthings.likethemiraclesofChrist,serveaspredisposing factorstothereceptionofFaith,ofgrace,andoftrueresignation totheNvillofGod.ThepracticalmercyandcharityoftheHoly FathermusttendtoremindmenthatGodandhisVicararenot indifferenttohumansuffering,butareinthefrontranksofthose willingandabletoalleviateit.Thussomethingofthespiritual bitternessandmoralreactionofwarisstemmed,andmenmay con-letoseethatthehandswhichofferthemthebreadofmercy holdalsothekeysoftheKingdomofHeaven.

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

June28-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral. Pontificate.

July2-8a.m.:Officiatesatceremony ofProfession,atSt.Mary'sConvent, Leederville.

July16-FeastofOurLadyofMount Carmel:CarmeliteMonastery,Nedlands.

7a.m.:CelebrateMass. 330p.m.:PresideatoccasionalsermonandgivePontificalBenediction.

July18-7.30a.m.:OfficiateatCeremonyofProfessionatSacredHeart Convent,HighgateHill.

July26:CanonicalVisitationand ConfirmationatSt.Joseph'sChurch, Norseman.

Pope'sJubileeCelebrated ThroughoutArchdiocese

Thetwenty-fifthanniversaryofthe EpiscopalConsecrationofHisHoliness,PopePiusXII,istobeobserved throughouttheArchdioceseonSunday next,June28,whichistheSundayimmediatelyprecedingtheFeastofSS. PeterandPaul. EverypriestwillofferHolyMasson that,orthenearestavailabledate,for theintentionsofHisHoliness.

Allsermonsonthatdaywilltreat ofthePopeandhisprerogatives,with specialreferencetohisworkonbehalf ofprisonersofwarandwarvictims.

TherewillalsobeaGeneralCommunionofthefaithfuloftheArchdio-

"eibrary'eectures

ThelectureronThursdaynightlast wasMr.Batten,oftheRoyalAustralianNavy,whospokeaboutErgiish Catholicism,andwillbereportedinour nextissue.

OnThursday,July9,Rev.Father Smith,ofPalmyra,willbethelecturer. FatherSmith,whoisanauthorityon FarEasternquestions,willdiscussthe probable('hinese-Australianrelations ofthefuture.ThemanyformermembersoftheChestertonClubwhoheard thislecturerspeakat36Pier-streeton apreviousoccasion,willbeeagerto hearFatherSmith'sopinionsinthe lightofrecenthappeningsinEastern Asia. IMPORTANT.

CHANGEOFDATE.

CommencingonThursday,June25, thelectureswillbeheldattheCentral CatholicLibrary,36PierStreet,Perth, onalternateTHURSDAYS,at8p.m. SupperProvided. Collection,

JOINYOURLIBRARY. Rates-12/6perannum-twobooks atatime.Lowestintown.

OLDROSARIES

IVehavebeenaskedtoappealfor oldorbrokenRosaries,forwhichthe ownershavenofurtheruse.Owing tothelackofsuppliesofreligiousobjects,themenintheForcesareoften obligedtogowithoutRosaries,Missals,etc.TheSistersoftheCarmeliteMonastery,Nedlands,haveoffered tomendoldorbrokenRosaries,which willbethendistributedtothetroops. Rosariesandotherpiousobjects maybeleftdoCatholicWelfareOrganisation, ChurchOffice, VictoriaSquare,Perth.

CLONTARFBOYS'TOWN

Parentsandothersinterestedingettingboyswhoareunder14yearsinto ClontarfBoys'Townshouldapplyfor particularstothePrincipalofClontarf evacuatedtoTardun-telephoneTardun2;ortoCastledareJuniorOrphanage,Queen'sPark-telephoneMW80. Boyswhoareover14years,and whoseparentsorguardiansaredesirousthattheyshouldlearntrades, shouldapplytothePrincipal,St.Joseph'sFarmandTradesSchool,Bindoon.Telephonecommunicationis beingestablishedwiththisInstitution andshouldbefunctioningbeforethe endofJune.

cese,whoareaskedtoofferspecial prayersforthePope'sintentions,and theSecondCollectiononthatdaywill bedevotedtoPeter'sPence.

ST.MARY'SCATHEDRAL.

TheNovenaofPrayerfortheHoly Father'sintentions,beingconductedin theCathedral,willconcludeonSunday nextwiththeGeneralCommunionof thefaithful,andthePontificalHigh Mass,celebratedbyHisGracethe Archbishop,at11o'clock.TheoccasionalsermonwillbepreachedbyRev. FatherLawlor,S.J.

ComplimentaryDance FORMEMBERSOFTHEMILITARY.NAVALANDAIRFORCES.

AtHighgateParishHall,at8p.m., onWednesday,July1,acomplimentary dancewillbegivenforCatholicmembersoftheMilitary,NavalandAir Forces.Thedanceisbeingarranged bytheHibernianSociety.Toreach thehall,takea18or19traminBarrack-street,alightatHarold-street.and walkwest.

H.A.C.B.S.

MetropolitanSocialCouncil, Underin,tructikn,franDistrict Board,andhavingtheapprovalofHis GracetheArchbishop,theCouncilare arrangingaseriesofmonthlydancesto entertainourCatholicmen.Thefirst istotakeplaceatHighgateParish HallonWednesday,July1,andthe Councilextendaninvitationtoallour Catholicsoldiersinthevariousunits tocomealongandbeourguests.A chargeof1/6willbemadetothosenot inuniformtocovercostofsupperand orchestra.Anyprofitswillbedonated totheCatholicWelfareFund. "A"and"B"Shieldsforinter-branch competitionwinnerswillbepresented atthisfunction.NextCouncilmeetingwillbeheldonJuly3. DistrictBoard.

Allarrangementshavebeenmadefor thecomplimentarysocialanddanceto betenderedtoCatholicmembersofthe ForcesonWednesday,July1,andthe prospectsarethatthefunctionwillbe anoutstandingsuccess.Allthatis needednowisthatthemembersofthe Societyshallco-operatebytheirpresence. St.Malachi'sBranch.

ThemeetingonWednesdaynextwill commenceat7.30,inordertomake wayforthespecialsocialtobeheldin thehallonthatnight.

OurLadyHelpof-Christians,East VictoriaPark.

Theattendanceatthefortnightly meetingscontinuestobesatisfactory, despitesicknessandinclementweather.Bro.J.FinneganandSr.B. Stunbridgehavebeeninhospital,and severalcasesofinfluenzahavebeenreported,butpleasedtosaythatallare wellonthewaytorecovery.Atthe lastmeetingpresentationsweremade tothreemoreofourmemberswhohave recentlymarried.Ourpresident,Bro. W.Ramsayandhiswife,Sr.Ramsay (neeFaulkner),andSr.J.Ramsay(nee Hickman),weretherecipientsofsmall tokensfromthebranch,andwewish themallhappinessandprosperityin thefuture.Thenextmeetingtakes placeonTuesday,June30,at8p.m.

THEordinarypersoncannotbut regarditasanunhappyomen that,whilethepuffingofRussiaisin fullswing(especiallyovertheradio), thereisatthesametimeafootacampaignofslanderousinnuendoagainst theVatican.Therecentphaseofit beganovertheperfectlynormalprocedureoftheHolySeeinexchanging diplomaticrepresentativeswithJapan. ThiswasconstruedbythePressas leaningtowardstheAxis.Thencame thePope'speaceappeal,whichwas thesubjectofaninsultingleaderinour morningcontemporary.Thelatest exampletakestheprize.The"West Australian"recentlycarriedthefollow. ingcable:London,June10,A.A.P.

TheMinisterforInformation(Mr. BrendanBracken),inreplytoSirP.J. H.Hannon(Cons.),intheHouseof commons,saidtherewasasteady streamofevidencethatpriestsinGermanycontinuetobebrutallytreated.

SirP.J.H.Hannon:CantheMinistertakespecialmeasurestobringthis underthenoticeoftheCatholicHierarchyintheUnitedStatesandEire?

LadyAstor:Woulditnotbebetter tobringittothenoticeofthePope, whohasjustrecognisedJapan?

Mr.BrendanBracken:Ihaveno meansofcommunicatingwiththe Pope,buteveryeffortwillhemadeto bringthefactsundertheattentionof theCatholicHierarchyintheUnited States,Eire,andelsewhere.

TheMelbourne"Advocate"hadthese aptcommentstomakeonthematter:

LadyAstor'sremarkis,ofcourse, justwhatmaybeexpectedofLady Astor.Onewonderswhythesudden anxiety.LadyAstordidnotbetray muchnoticeableinterestinthesufferingsoftheCatholicclergywhenthey werepersecutedinSpain.Wedon't rememberanyagitationonthepartof LadyAstorthattheworldatlarge shouldbeinformedofthebutcheryof elevenmembersoftheSpanishHierarchy,tosaynothingofthethousands ofCatholicpriests.LadyAstor,therefore,maybeignored.ButtheBritish MinisterofInformationisafishofanothercolour,andworthyofsomeattention.

CatholicsAreInformed.

Whathesaysaboutthesteady streamofevidencethatpriestsinGermanycontinuetobebrutallytreated istrue.PerhapsitisnewstoLady Astor,butitiswellknowntotheCatholiccommunitywhoreadtheCatholicpress,Theremaybenoharmin informingtheCommons,butthereis noneedtoinformtheHierarchyin Britain,theUnitedStates,andinIreland.

Therefore,theimplicationintheremarkattributedtoSirPatrickHannon,andparticularlyinthereported subsequentstatementoftheMinister ofInformation,iscrasslyignorantand reprehensible.Itwilldoamischief inthepublicmind.Itimpliesthat thePope,theCatholicHierarchyin theUnitedStates.eveninBritainitself(nottomentionIreland),arein needofthisinformation."Every effort,"saystheBritishMinister,"will bemadetobringthefactstotheattentionoftheRomanCatholicHierarchy." Instressingtheneeditsuggeststhat theHierarchyissomewhatwantingin itsattitudetowardstheNaziregime. Thisimplicationisdeplorableand scandalous.ItispartofthatpropagandawhichinsinuatesthattheVaticanispro-"Axis."Whoisresponsible forit?Wewouldliketoknow.

Mr.Bracken,thoughMinisterofInformation,maypossiblynothaveheard of"Mitbrennendersorge."PopePius XI'sfamousEncyclical,publishedin March.1937,ontheNazipersecutionof Christianity.ButMr.Bracken,as BritishMinisterofInformation,must know,surely,whatisinthepressin Britain.TheCatholicpressinBritainandtheUnitedStatesandthe Hierarchyofbothcountrieshavefor years,andespeciallysincetheoutbreak ofwar,beeninformingtheCatholic communityandothersofthepersecutionofreligioninGermany.Infact, theCatholicpressandtheCatholic Hierarchyweretellingtheworldabout itwhentheworld-particularlypeople likeLadyAstor,andeven,perhaps, (peoplelikeMr.Bracken-wouldnot listen.

TooRichaJoke.

ThespectacleofaMinisterofInformationproceedingto"bringthefacts totheattention"ofagroupwhich hasbeenhammeringatthosefactsfor yearsistoorichajoketobeforgotten.

Perhapstheiokecanbebetterappreciatedbyglancingbackoverthe filesofanyCatholicpaperforthepast twelvemonths,andtakingnoteofthe articlesandreportsinwhichthe "steadystreamofevidence"discovered onlylastweekbyBritain'sMinisterof Informationhavebeenfeatured.

Thesereportshavealsobeenpublished intheCatholicpressinBritainandthe UnitedStates. Butthegreatestjokeofallonthe BritishMinisteristhatmanyofthe itemsappearedinthe"EnglishCatholicNewsletter."issuedbythe"Tablet," London,inassociationwiththeBritish DepartmentofInformation.

Underthemastheadofthe"Newsletter"isanote: "Thepurposeofthis'Newsletter'is tosummarisetheopinionoftheEnglishCatholicPressonmattersrelating totheWar,togivethemainitemsof newsthatareofparticularsignificancetoCatholicsandtoquoterepresentativeCatholicopinionabroad.It

schooltoexaminethechildren.lie hadbroughthisowncatechismwith him,andmyfriend,lookingoverthe Cardinal'sshoulder,noticedthatthe catechismwasheavilyscoredwithobservations.

ThePopeasaPreacher.

InGermanyCardinalPacellithoroughlymasteredtheGermanlanguage. HehasreadallSchillerandGoethe,and whenheusedtopreachinGerman,he neverusednotes. AsapreacherCardinalPacelliwas alwaysfamous.Irememberhearing himpreachtoapackedcongregationat theDominicanChurchinconnection withtheCanonisationcelebrationsof St.AlbertusMagnus.TheCardinal

SLANDERCAMPAIGN POPE'SCHARACTER ANDHABITS

TWOVISITSTO BRITAIN

HISHOLINESSTHEPOPE.

doesnotpretendtobecompleteand wouldreferallreaderswhowishfor fullerinformationtothesourcesfrom whichitmainlydraws-namely,the fourchiefEnglishCatholicpapers,the 'CatholicHerald,'the'CatholicTimes,' the'Tablet,'andthe'Universe.'" TheBritishMinisterforInformation,then,apparentlydoesnotknow whathisowndepartmentdoes,let aloneknowingwhattheCatholicpress andHierarchyaredoing.Itrather makesMr.Brackenlookrathersilly, doesitnot?MinisterforInformation!

PopePiusXII iscomparatively youngtobePope,andhisenergetic mannerhelpstoimpressthosewho havetheprivilegeofmeetinghim withhisyouth. Heisverypunctualandpainstaking andhasageniusformasteringdetails.

WhenhewasinGermanyasApostolicNuncioheusedalwaystotake withhimonhisjourneysaspecialpillowandapeculiartypeoftea-pot.

Again,apriestwhoteachesRoman childrencatechismtoldmethatone dayCardinalPacellicalledatthe

heldthatchurchspellbound,although therewasmoreoftheGermanpreachingtechniqueabouthisstylethanItalian-hisgesturesarefewbutmajestic andmerefervorinoisabsent.

SimplicityandAsceticism. Hissimplicityandasceticismarewell known.HisbearingintheprocessionsatSt.Peter'swhenhewasarchpriestoftheBasilicaremindedoneof CardinalMerrydelVayo,whooccupiedthesameposition.Allthrough hislifethepresentHolyFatherhas earnedtherespectofallwhocamein contactwithhim. Hisattitudehasalwaysbeenreserved,andhisclosepersonalfriendsare few.Perhapshisgreatestfriendis Mgr.Respigi,alsoaRomanbybirth, andnowPapalMasterofCeremonies.

MostPhotographedPope. ThefirstPopetohavevisitedthenew world,hehasalsohadsplendidEuropeanexperience.OfnootherPopeare theresomanyphotographs.Illustrated papersareappearingeverydayin RomeshowingthePopewheninBrazil,BuenosAires,theUnitedStates, Hungary,Lourdes,ParisandLisieux.

TheHolyFather'sFrenchisfluent andidiomatic,andyourcorrespondent

cantestifyfrompersonalexperience thathisEnglishisexcellent.Butof allforeignlanguageshisGermanisthe mostperfect.

Inmorethantwoandahalfyearsof hispontificate,PiusXIIhasnotmissedaday'swork,lastingfrom6inthe morninguntilaftermidnightonseven daysoftheweek.

AttheWednesdaypublicaudiences, whichlastnormallymorethanfive hours,war-woundedarenowadaysprominent.ItalianandGermansoldiers alsomakeanappearance.ThePope giveseveryoneofthehundredsofpilgrimshisringtokissandspeaksto many. DuringallthistimethePontiffison hisfeetandnotoncedoesheloseser enityorshowthestrain.Onenotes "Amanof65whoisnotfundamentally wellandstrongcouldnotpossibly makesuchaneffort"

ItisatbreakfastthatthePopescans thenews,whichhegetsfromthedaily bulletinoftheVaticanPressBureau,

FRANCIS GILBERT

someItalianpapers,andtheJournal deGeneve.Theonlytimehelistens intotheradioistohearimportant speechesbymenlikePresidentRoosevelt,Mr.Churchill,HitlerorMussolini. KnowingbothEnglishandGerman,he hasnoneedtoawaittranslations.

Histworelaxationsarehisdaily walkofanhourafterlunchinthe VaticanGardensand,occasionally,an hourortwoofmusic.Music,saysall reports,isreallyapassionwithhim, andaboveallhepreferstheoperasof Wagner.Thesehehearsonagramophone.Speakingofhisdailywalk,a journalistsays: "-Oneofhispeculiaritiesisthathe willnotwalkinthesunifhecanhelp it.AtCastelgandolfohegaveorders thatthetreesalonghispromenadebe nottrimmed,andeveryafternoonhe wouldwalkupanddownthelong alleyinthedeepshade."

AttheWednesdayaudiences,Pius XIIisathometoallpersonsofanyclassorcondition.Allthatisneeded isatickettobeobtainedatthedoor, whereincidentallyitisanIrishChristianBrotherwhoisincharge.At thesepublicaudiencesthePopemay probablyspeakaboutsixlanguages,for afterwalkingamongthepeoplehesits amongthemandallowsthemtocome uptohimoneby one.

TheHolyFather'sdirectcontactswithGreatBritainhavenotbeen frequent.Onlytwicehashevisited thiscountry.DuringtheLondonEucharisticCongressin1908andforthe CoronationofKingGeorgeVin191' whenhewassecretarytothePapal Envoy,CardinalGranitodiBelmonte. OnemayhererecallthatthePopewas onceamass-serverattheOratorian ChurchinRomewhenthelatterwas inchargeoftheEnglishOratorian, FatherBellasis.

OntheotherhandnoPopehasever hadmoreopportunitiesofgettingto knowourcountryatsecondhand,for Britishaffairs,ecclesiasticalandsect-, lar,werenaturallyaconstantconcern ofCardinalPacelliasSecretaryof State.InhisofficelikewisetheCardinalconstantlycameintocontact withBritishpeople,themostspectacti larmeeting,nodoubt,beingthe1938 visittotheVaticanofMr.ChamberlainandLordHalifax.

JapanhasanaccreditedMinisterat theVatican .But

sohaveSSother

*ImportanceofAsianationsincludingChina

ineyesofChurch

TherecentappointmentofaJapaneseMinistertotheHolySeewastheoccasionofafewoutburstsinignorantquarters,whichprofessedtointerpret theVatican'spurelyspiritualdiplomacyasa"tie-up'.withtheAxis.Morerecently,Chinahassecured,andSiamdesirestohaveanaccreditedrepresentativeinRome.Thiswillbeadifficultmatterforthebigotstoexplain.Incidentally,regardingthepressreportsthatAmericaandEnglandhadprotestedtotheVaticanovertheJapaneseappointment,PresidentRoosevelt hasdeniedthattheU.S.A.madeanyrepresentationsagainstthediplomatic exchange.Meantime,theJapaneseprotestagainsttheacceptanceofa Chungkingrepresentativehasgoneunheard,

TheVaticanaccepteddefactodiplomaticrelationswithJapaninApril,despiteallegedBritishprotests.Ken Harada,formercounselloroftheJapaneseEmbassyinParis,hasbeenappointedSpecialMinistertotheVaticanand ArchbishopPaoloMarella,ApostolicDelegatetoJapansince1937, istohave"fulldiplomaticprivileges.-

ArchbishopFrancisJ.Spellman,of NewYork,one-time(1925-32)member oftheVaticanSecretariateofState, explainedtheHolySee'sviewpoint:acceptanceofsuchamissionisentirely justifiedbecause(11theVaticanremainsneutralduringworldconflicts andhencemustacceptanambassador fromanycountrythatchoosestosend one,(2)diplomaticrelationsenablethe PopetokeepintouchwithCatholicsin everynation,(3)receptionbytheVaticanofadiplomatdoesnotmeanthat itapprovestheactionsofthecountry whichsentthediplomat,Manynations havebrokenoffdiplomaticrelations withtheVatican,buttheVaticanseldombreaksoffrelationswithanystate.

China-whichhasnearly1,000,000 moreCatholicsthanEnglandandWales andthreetimesthenumberofBishops -hasnowwiselysecuredadiplomatic representativeattheVatican,followingtheappointmentofaJapanese MinistertotheHolySee.

ArenewedrequestfromtheChinese authoritiesforanexchangeofdiplomaticrepresentativeshasbeenfavourablyreceivedbytheHolySee,statesa ReutermessagequotinganauthoritativestatementinChungking,theseat ofGeneralChiangKai-shek'sgovernment.China,thestatementadded,is preparedtoacceptaPapalNuncio.

TheHolySeeisatpresentrepresentedinChinabyanApostolicDelegate, ArchbishopZanin.

ATokyomessagestatesthatSiam, too,isseekingarepresentativeatthe Vatican.

NOTICETOPROPERTYOWNERS!

Youcanwithsatisfactionplaceyour BusinessinthehandsofW.F.SAMSON, 5QUEENSTREET,FREMANTLE, ESTATE&FINANCIALAGENT, SWORNVALUATOR.

Representing:QueenslandInsurance Co.,Ltd.;TheRoyalAutomobileClub ofW.A.(Inc.);GourleyOilandColour Works,Ltd.;"Titanic"Paintsand Oils,Etc.;"Durotint"Kalsomine. 'Phone:L1316(Office),L2553(Residence).

16ieWteSt-4:4= ELLIOTT 8,ELLIOTT

6,4APT1C111115i

PICCADILLY 980

ARCADE/171"IDIY0/5

TheseNationsAreRepresented. Thirty-eightcountriesarealreadyrepresentedattheHolySee.

ThevareArgentina,Belgium,Bolivia,Brazil,Chile,Colombia,CostaRica, Cuba,Ecuador,Estonia,France,Germany,GreatBritain,Guatemala,Haiti, Honduras,Ireland,Italy,Japan,Yugoslavia,Lettonia,Liberia,Lithuania, Monaco,Nicaragua,Panama,Peru,Poland,Portugal,Dominica,Roumania, Salvador,SanManino,Slovakia,Spain, Hungary,Uruguay,andVenezuela.

TheUnitedStateshasnoMinisterat theVatican,butMr.HaroldTittmann isatpresentactingforMr.MyronTaylor,PresidentRoosevelt'spersonalenvoy,TheOrderofMaltaalsohasa MinistertotheHolySee.

ThenewJapaneseMinister,Mr.Ken Harada,isstatedtobeaconvertto theChurch.

Only16BeforeLastWar.

Beforethelastwar16countrieswere representedattheHolySee,andonly twoofthesehadembassies,Spainand Austria.

Duringthewarseveralcountries,includingGreatBritain,soughtrepresentationattheVatican.By1928the diplomaticmissionshadincreased from16to28,andamongthenewembassieswerethoseofFrance,Germany, Belgium,Brazil,Chile,PeruandPoland.Shortlyafter,withthesigning oftheLateranTreaty,Italyestablish. edanembassy.

TorosendsaMinistertotheVaticanwith38OtherNations.

Latestavailablestatistics-thosefor 1940-showthatChinahasmorethan 3,262,000Catholics.

TheofficialfigureforEnglandand Walesinthesameyearwas2,406,419.

Chinahasabout90vicariatesruled byBishops.

EnglandandWaleshave29,includingAuxiliariesandafewretiredBishops,

Inthe40'yearssince1900morethan 2,500,000Chinesewerereceivedinto theChurch.

ForeignmissionariesinChinain1900 numbered904.Nowtheynumber morethan3,000.

Evenmorestrikingandofgreatsignificanceisthefactthatduringthis sameperiodthenativepriestsincreasedfromabout470tomorethan2,000.

Therearealsomorethan4,000native nuns.

SincePopePiusXIconsecratedsix ChineseBishopsin1926,thenumberof missionsunderthedirectionofnative superiorshasbeensteadilygrowing. Theynownumberbetween20and30.

From1922untiltheearly1930'sthe missionariesenduredareignofterror inmanypartsofthecountry.ABishopandnearly30priestsweremurderedbyrovingbandsofRedsand bandits.Manymorewerekeptin captivity.

Thenthetidesuddenlyturned,and asarewardfortheirsteadfastness priestswhohadlongbeen"onthe run"nowfoundthemselvesoverwhelmedwithnativeseagerlyseeking receptionintotheChurch.

Onepriestwasfacedwiththetask allatonceofinstructingandbaptising 16,000.

ArchbishopCostantini,nowSecretary oftheS.CongregationforthePropagationoftheFaith,wasApostolicDelegateinChinaduringthereignofterror.DuringavisittoRomein1931 hesaid:"Wemissionaries,bothfrom motivesofChristiancharityandfrom adutyofsheerhonesty,mustcorrect theunconsciousdefamationofChina producedbycontinuallybringingto lightonlythemournfulandcriminal aspectsoftheChineserevolution.

"TheChinesepeoplearegoodand morallywholesome.. Ibelievethey arethemostpeacefulpeopleonearth."

Siam's40,000Catholics.

Siamhasabout40,000Catholics, withabishopinBangkokandaprefecturecentredonRajabury,

'World's greatest Basilica

St.Peter's

TheconstructionofSt.Peter's,inso farasthechurchitselfisconcerned, wasconcludedwithinaperiodof178 years(1450-1626).Thecostofconstructionincludingalltheadditionsof theseventeenthcenturyamountedto about£12,000,000.Theyearlycostof maintenanceofthegiganticbuilding. includingtheannexes(sacristyandcolonnadesamountsto£9,875,asum thatisonlyexceededwhenactualrenewalsoftheartisticfeatures(suchas gilding,repairingthepavement,andextensivemarbleworkonthepilasters) becomenecessary.Inaccordancewith reliablecalculations,thoseofCarloFontana,theproportionsofthebuilding areasfollows:heightofthenave,151.3 feet;widthofthesameattheentrance, 90.2feet:atthetribune,78.7feet; lengthofthetranseptsininterior,431 feet;entirelengthofthebasilicaincludingthevestibule,603.8feet.From thepavementofthechurch(measured fromtheConfession)totheoculusof thelantern,434.7feet.Themeasurementsoftheinteriordiameterofthe domevarysomewhat,beinggenerally computedat137.7feet,thusexceeding thedomeofthePantheonbyaspanof 4.9feet.Thevestibuleofthebasilica is232.9feetwide,44.2deep,and91.9 high,Onthefacadearefiveportals: inthechapeloftheBlessedSacrament isadoorwhichleadsdirectlyintothe ApostolicPalace:inthechoirchapel andinthevestibuleofthelefttranseptaredoorsleadingtothesacristy, besideswhichtherearefourothers generallyusedforbuildingandadmin-

istrativepurposes.Besidesthetwo lowgalleriesforthesingersinthechoir chapel,therearefourothersofrestrictedsizeinthepiersofthedome. Inadditiontotheprincipalaltarinthe tribuneandthefouraltarsinthe crypts,thebasilicacontainstwentyninealtars,undermostofwhichbodies ofsaints,includingseveraloftheApostles,repose.

AnnexBuildings. Thecolonnadeswhichenclosethe mostbeautifulpublicplaceinthe world,thePiazzadiS.Pietro,forman organicpartofthebasilica.Constructedin1667byBernini,theysurround thepiazzainellipticalform,themajor axis1115.4feet,theminoraxis787.3 feet.Fortheconstructionofthecolonnadesandtheequipmentofthe PiazzadiS.Pietroabout£250,000were expended.Thecoveredcolonnades whichconsistoffourrowsofcolumns intheDoricstyleformthreepassages, thecentraloneofwhichisthewidth ofanordinarywagonroad.The248 columnsand88pilastersareentirely oftavertine.Adjoiningtheelliptical placeisasquareonewhichdiminishes inextenttowardsthechurch.Itssides consistofextensivecorridors,ofwhich theoneontherightbelongstothe ApostolicPalaceoftheVatican.The colonnadesandcorridorsaresurmountedby162figuresofsaintsafterdesigns byBernini.Inthemiddleoftheellipsetowersthecelebratedobeliskof Heliopolis.Itsremovaltothepresent sitetookplacein1586.Onbothsides oftheobeliskaretwobeautifulfountains45.9feetinheight.Theobelisk is863feethigh,andweighs360.2tons. Itsapexisadornedwithabronzecross containingafragmentoftheTrue Cross.Theirregularquadranglebetweentheellipseandthebasilicaisfor themostpartoccupiedbythemonumentalstairwayanditsapproach, whichleadpilgrimstothehigherlevel ofthechurch.Theareaofthisapproachaloneisgreaterthanthatof mostchurchesofChristendom.

CatholicActionMethodsofPiusXI

ContinuedfromPage9. YoumustimitatetheApostle,St.Paul, whosaidofhimselfthatwhenhewas achild,hehadthetastesofachild, hethoughtasachild.Butwhenhe becameamanheputawaythethings ofachild."

"Onlythrough'amorethoroughand morepersonalreligiousculture,'only through'scientificcompetency,extent ofknowledgeandprofessionalability'willCatholicsto-daygetahearing. "ThatwhichtheFathersofthe Churchonceachievedinthefaceof thepagancultureofGreeceandRome; thatwhichtheyundertookfromthe verypassingofapostolictimeswith JustinandOrigen;thatwhichshone forthsosplendidlyintheformofan Augustine:allthatfromwhicharose theChristianthoughtandcivilisation oftheMiddleAges,andofthebelievingnations:this,belovedsonsand daughters,isthesupremegoal,the arduousandmagnificenttaskthat offersitselftoyourzeal.

"Therefore,willyoumakeyourself theheraldsoftheCatholictruth? Willyounotbethenewapostlesof theGospelintheverymidstoflearnedsocietyandofthemodernsavants? Yes,thiswillbeyourapostolate, thesideof,andindependenceon,the ecclesiasticalHierarchy.

"Alreadyyoumayhavegivenupor forgottenthecatechism,whichisthe supremecodeofChristianFaithand

morals;butforyourmissionasa maturemaninCatholicAction,areligiousculturemorethoroughandmore personalbecomesindispensable.In profaneuniversitycirclesyourCatholicconvictionswillreceiveahearing onlyifyoumakeyourselvescompetenttopresentthemfranklyonthe samegroundsonwhichthethoughtof yourinterlocutorsusuallymoves.

"Donotconsent,universitystudents andCatholicgraduates,tobeinferiortoothersinthepalestraofscientificcompetency,ofextentofknowledge,andofabilityintheexercise ofyourprofession.

"ForthehonourofCatholicAction, towhichyoubelong,endeavour-force yourselves-inwhateverdirectionyour talentandardourimpelyou,tomake yourselvesthebest,thebeststudents. thebestprofessors,thebestjurists, menofletters,doctors,engineers, naturalists,physiologists,andthebest investigatorsofthematterandspirit ofrealindividualandsocialwelfare. Thisisrequiredforthegloryofthe MasterWhomyouserve.

"You,towhomDivineProvidence hasgiventhemeanstoparticipate widelyinhigherintellectualtraining,have-especiallythroughardentpar- ticipationinCatholicAction-the dutyofsmoothingthewayinmany heartsandputtinganendtothat perniciousdivorce,ofre-establishing contacts,re-unitingbonds,andassuringmutualpenetrationofthosetwo worldsofknowledge,thehigherlearn ingof revealedtheuniversitiesandthelight byChrist."

Girls!Boys!

Youhavetoearnaliving.The worldwillnotprovideyouwith onewithoutwork-infactwillnot evengiveyouachancetoearnunlessyouaretrainedtoworkwithoutbeingshown.Youmusthave training-GETTHEBEST. C.C.C.trainingisdifferentfrom thatusuallygiven.Itprovidesa practicalfinishtogeneraleducation,asoundtraininginbusiness subjects,andalsotwoorthree months'experienceintheofficesof OurCompany.Onqualifying Yougetagoldefficiencybadge. Ouremploymentdepartmentundertakestheresponsibilityofplacingyouinafirstappointmentand providesyouwithfreeemploymentassistancethroughoutyour businesscareer.Ifyouenrolnow youcanbeinagoodappointment thistimenextyear.Getyour parentstocalltodiscussthematterwithourSecretary. "GuidetoBusinessTraining' and"AnnualReportfor1941"will besuppliedfreeonrequest.No obligation.

CityCommercial College, "W.A.'sBusinessUniversity," SHEFFIELDHOUSE, 713-21HAYSTREET,PERTH

Baths,Enamel,£715s.;Cement,45s. Paints,Hardware,TimberforShelters, cheaperatHASSELL'S,559WellingtonSt.Tel.B6307.

SOUTHDOWNDAIRY. 402CANNINGHIGHWAY, SOUTHPERTH. Tel.MU1601 W.J.FERRIDGE&SON, DAIRYMEN. BottledMilkDeliveredifRequired. FreshandScaldedCream. 41,41,INIP..#0.11NOM.P.N.M.I.....Jr

M1158

Telephones- L1460

Obituary.

TheLateMr.DesmondKelly.

Weregrettohavetoannouncethe deathofMr.DesmondKelly,sonof CouncillorandMrs.Kelly.HispassingawaysuddenlyonJune4,atSt. JohnofGodHospital,whichhehad enteredwiththeintentionofundergoinganoperation,allowedtimefor thereceptionofthelastSacraments. ThelateDesmondKellyhadbeenalwaysanactiveChurchworkeranda greathelperofgoodcausesinthetown. Hisyoungwifehasbornewithhersad bereavementwithadmirablefortitude. Itwaswellknownthatherhusband hadtwosevereboutsofrheumatic fever,andasaconsequencehadsufferedforsomeyearsfromaweakheart. ThedeepestsympathyoftheparishionersgoouttoherandtoDesmond's parents.

TheLateMrs.W.L.Marsh. Mrs.W.L.Marsh,afineand highlyrespectedparishionerfor manyyearsinBunbury,waslaid amongstustwoweeksago.Mrs. Marsh,ofthePrinceofWalesHotel, hadbeenanardentanduntiringworkerfortheChurchinBunburyduring [!11.!111111111111111111111111111161111111111111111111111III111111111

CORDIALINVITATION TOCATHOLICMEMBERSOFTHE MILITARY,NAVAL,ANDAIR FORCES.

TheilibernianSocietyextendstoall CatholicmembersoftheForcesaCordialInvitationtoattendaCOMPLIMENTRYSOCIALANDDANCE,to betenderedtothematthePARISH HALL,HIGHGATE,onWEDNESDAY,JULY1,at8p.m.

Take18or19TraminBarrackStreet, alightatHaroldStreet,andwalkwest. T.EDWARDS,GrandSecretary.

WHATisCHIROPRACTIC?

"Chiropracticisadruglessmethodof healingandisbaseduponthescientific factthatthesoftnerves,astheyescapefromthelateralopeningsofthe spine,frequentlybecomeimpingedby comingincontactwithhardbone; hencepathologicalchangestakeplace attheterminationofthenerve.The spineisthekeytotheentiresituation regardingthemaintenanceofhealth ontheonehandortheestablishment ofdiseaseontheother,andisthemost vitalandimportantthinginthewhole anatomicalstructure." -AlfredWalton,M.D.,Harvard. Affectionsofanyofthefollowingparts maybecausedbyNERVESimpinged atthespinebyasubluzatedvertebra:

Mr.AndrewMartin

-QualifiedChiropractorMacLAREN'SCHAMBERS, 144WILLIAMSTREET, PERTH. Phone:B2582.

thewholetimeofherresidenceinthese parts.Althoughshehadbeenliving inthemetropolitanareaformany years,itwasherwishtobeunitedin deathwiththelastremainsofherhusbandandmother,intheBunbury Cemetery.RequiemMassforthereposeofhersoulwascelebratedat9 o'clockinSt.Patrick'sChurch,Bum bury,andalthoughknowledgeofher funeralwasnotmuchspreadabout,a largenumberofBunburyresidentswas present.

HolyNameNovena. RegardingtheHolyNameSociety's Novena,tofinishonPentecostSunday, weheldit,inconjunctionwiththeNovenarecommendedbytheOrdoand "TheRecord."Theresultwasthat thereducednumberofourHolyName memberswasgreatlyaugmentedbythe parishioners,whojoinedintheNovena totheHolyGhost.Masswascelebratedeachmorningat6o'clock. RosarywasrecitedduringMass,led byHolyNamemembers,who,under thecircumstances,madeveryfairrepresentationoftheparish.

SundayMasses.

St.Patrick'sChurch:7.30a.m.and 9.30a.m.

DEATHS.

GREENACRE.-OnJune1,atPinjarra.GeorgeJamesGreenacre,belovedhusbandofMaria,lovedfather ofClara(Mrs.Wansbrough,Bass.n. dean',Pearl(Mrs.Wood,Mt.Lawley),BertandFredYornup),Beryl Mrs.Mann,Pinjarra),grandfather ofBertWansbrough,Sydney,Winnie,MaryandMavisGreenacre, father-in-lawofR.Wansbrough,G. Wood,AliceandThelmaGreenacre andN.Mann:aged72years.

SHORE.-OnJune21,1942,Mary,dearlybelovedwifeofJohnShore,ofHargrave-street,OsbornePark,andbelovedmotherofCarmel,Philand Tom. RequiescatinPace.

SHORE.-OnJune21,1942,Mary,dearlylovedneiceofMr,andMrs.James Healy,ofMain-street,OsbornePark, andMr.andMrs.JamesSomers,of Cape-street,OsbornePark. RequiescatinPace.

INMEMORIAM.

ROOKE.-Inaffectionatememoryof mydeardaughterLila(Mrs.Rooks), lovedsisterofMarjoryan.)Cytil Eddy,whodiedJune28,1937. SweetJesus,pardonandmercy.

T.VIVIAN, 143Rokeby-road,Subiaco.W1539.

FORSEWERAGECONNECTIONS, W1539. BadWaterPressure,BrokenPedes talPans,ElockedSewerDrains.Cis ternandRoofRepairs,T.V.Headlight lished;andhewithdrewfromanyoffiMaskstoApprovedDesigns.

MAGAZINESHOP.

506HAYSTREET. (FewdoorsfromIrwinStreet).

LENDINGLIBRARY,LOTTERY AGENCY,ANDBOOKSOFEVERY DESCRIPTION.

PRICESREASONABLE.

ItCostsNoMoretohaveyour PrescriptionsAccurately Dispensed.

ROBERTW.DALBY,M.P.S. Of130OxfordStreet,Leederville,

BORNTODIPLOMACY.

(ContinuedfromPage4,) 1928,spokeafterwardswithhugeenthusiasmoftheNunciowhospokelike anangel.Hiscontinualcontactswith theworkingpeoplemadehimloved. WhenhewascalledbacktoRomein 1929tobemadeCardinal,twentythousandpeoplecarryingtorcheslinedthe routeinBerlin,fromtheNunciatureto theAnhalter-Station,inordertobid himfarewell.

CreatedCardinal.

HewasmadeCardinalbyPopePius XIonDecember16,1929.On'February7,1930,hesucceededCardinalGasparriasPapalSecretaryofState.From henceforthhebecamethemosttrusted adviserofthePope,withwhomhe sharedsomuchgenerouscareforthe peopleofallnations.Heexecutedthe plansofthePope,directedpontifical diplomacy,strengthenedoldcontacts andmadenewcontactswiththecivil powersofEuropeandAmerica,representedthePopeonspecialmissionsand atCongressesallovertheworld.

TherewasanInternationalEucharistCongressheldatBuenosAiresin October,1934.CardinalPacelliwas thePapalLegate.HewasPapalLegate, alsototheTriduumofIntercessionfor worldpeaceatLourdes,wherehissermonstoex-Servicemenofallnations electrifiedFrance.AftertheTriduum hewasgivenbytheFrenchGovernmenttheGrandCrossoftheLegionof Honour.HeisthefirstPopetohave thisdistinguishedorder.

KnowledgeoftheWorld.

In1936hewenttotheUnitedStates, metPresidentRoosevelt,andAmericansofeverycondition,Catholicand non-Catholic,millionairesandunemplayed.

HetravelledtomostofthebigAmericancities,andreceivedhugewelcomeseverywhere.ToLisieuxhewent asPapalLegatein1937fortheinaugurationoftheBasilicaofSt.Teresa oftheChildJesus.AtLisieuxhedeliveredaseverewarningagainstthe pagantendenciesoftotalitarianstates, andlater,duringthisvisittoFrance, hepreachedinParis,gavegreatpraise totheFrenchpeopleandtheirfreedom. AlthoughthePopularFrontGovernmentwasinpowerduringthistime,he receivedeverywhereastatewelcome, andenthusiasticgreetingsfromthe people. HislastjourneyasaPapalLegate wastoBudapestin1938,wherehe representedthePopeattheEucharistic Congress.Hisremarkablespeechon thatoccasionwilllongberemembered. Withallthesejourneyingshehad combinedlongandalmostcontinuous workintheadministrativework01 theChurch.

Thisworkhadbecomeverymuch greaterinintensityinthelastfew yearswhenthedeterioratingcondition ofEuropecombinedwiththeincreasing ill-healthofPiusXItothrowanextremelysevereburdenonhisshoulders. Nowhefacescourageouslythemost giganticwarinhumanhistoryandthe newerawhichitmustmark.

WIMIWINPI,MWOMMOWN.,NOWPANN, STURMERandSON (LateHallion's), BAKERS.

90JOHNSTREET,NORTH FREMANTLE. (Tel.2739.)

PrizeWinnersRoyalShow. DeliveriesThroughoutFremantle.

OBITUARY

LATEKATHERINEELIZABETH McMANUS.

ThedeathonJune9,1942,ofMrs KatherineElizabethMcManus,beloved wifeofCharlesJamesMcManus,and lovingmotherofBernardJohnMcManus,willbemournedbyawidecircleoffriendsandrelatives.

RequiemMassforthereposeofher soulwasofferedattheSacredHeart Church,HighgateHill,andwaswell attended.AttheconclusionofHoly Mass,thefuneralproceededtothe RomanCatholicCemeteryatKarrakatta,where,inthepresenceofherdevotedhusbandandson,numerousrelatives,andalargeconcourseof friends,thelastritesforthedeadwere held.

Thenumberofwreathsatthegravesidewasimpressive.Numeroustelegrams,lettersandwideexpressionsof sympathyreceivedbytherelativestestifiedtothehighesteemthelateMrs. McManuswasheld.

Thechiefmournerswere:Mr.C,J. McManus(husband),Mr.B.J.McManus(son),Mrs.AgnesQuigley(sister),Mr.C.O'N.Quigley(brother),Mr. E.Quigley,Mrs.RoseO'Toole,F.0.C. O'NeillandSteveO'Neill(cousins), KathleenLeeandIrisLeahy(nieces), WilliamandCorneliusAhern(nephews).Mayhersoulrestinpeace.

JUSTPUBLISHED

FourReasonswhytheVatican

MaintainsPerfectImpartiality

ConditionsofPapalMediationinWar

IMMENSEHUMANITARIANWORKFORPRISONERS

"Forthesanityofthepost-warworld theremustbeonepowerofinternationalimportanceuntouchedbycrime."

TheattitudeoftheHolySee,inthiswarasinthepreviousGreatWar, hasbeenthesubjectofmuchuninformedandrecklesscriticism.Butthe statusandviewpointofthePapacywillberightlyunderstoodfromthe wordsutteredbyPopeBenedictXVin1917:"SincethebeginningofourPontificate,amidthehorrorsoftheterriblewarletlooseonEurope,"saidHis Holiness,"Wehavekeptinmindthreethingsaboveall:tomaintainperfect impartialitytowardsallthebelligerents,asbecomesHimwhoisthecommon FatherandwholoveswithequalaffectionallHischildren;tostriveconstantlytodoallthegreatestpossiblegood,withoutexceptionofpersons, withoutdistinctionofnationalityorreligion,asisenjoineduponUsboth bytheuniversallawofcharityandbythesupremespiritualchargeconfided toUsbyChristfinally,asOurpacifyingmissionequallyrequires,toomit nothing,asfarasmightbeinOurpower,thatcouldhastentheendof thiscalamity,byessayingtobringthepeoplesandtheirrulerstomoremodeiatccounselsandtotheserenedeliberationsofpeace,apeacef,ustand lasting."

LETusconsiderandstatethe much-misunderstoodandtoo-little-appreciatedactionofthe Popesduringtheinternationalstruggles.TheattitudeofthePapacyto internationalwarfarehasnotchanged sincethedaysofthelastwar,when BenedictXVexplaineditintermsfull andclear, "IfitisnotgiventoUs,-hesaidin hisConsistorialAllocution,"tohasten theendofascourgesoheavy,would thatWecouldatleastmitigateitssorrowfulconsequences.Withthisaim Wehave,asyouarewellaware,hithertodoneeverythingpossibleforUs.And Weshallnotceaseinthefuturewhile theneedlasts.Todomorethanthis to-dayisnotcommittedtoUsbythe ApostolicOffice.Toproclaimthatfor nobodyisitlawful,onanypleawhatsoever,tooffendjustice,belongschieflybeyondallquestiontotheRoman PontiffastohimwhoisbyGodappointedthesupremeinterpreterand defenderoftheeternallaw:andWe doproclaimitwithoutphrases,condemningopenlyeveryinjustice,by whateversideitmayhavebeencommitted. "ButtoinvolvethePontificalauthorityintheverycontestsofthe belligerentswouldsurelybeneitherappropriatenoruseful.Certainly,anyonewhojudgescarefullycannotfail toseethat,inthisenormousstruggle, theApostolicSee,thoughfilledwith thegreatestanxiety,mustremainperfectlyimpartial.TheRomanPontiff asVicarofJesusChristWhodiedfor men,oneandall,mustembraceallthe combatantsinonesentimentofcharity,andasFatherofallCatholics,he hasamongthebelligerentsagreat numberofchildrenforwhosesalvation hemustbeequallyandwithoutdistinctionsolicitous."

TheVaticanCannotTakeSides.

Itisnecessarythereforethatinthem hemustconsidernotthespecialinterestswhichdividethem,butthecommonbondoffaithwhichmakesthem brothers;werehetodootherwise,not onlywouldhenothelpatallthecause ofpeace,but,whatisworse,hewould createaversionsandenmitiestoreligion,andwouldexposetogravedisturbancestheverytranquillityand concordoftheChurch.

Itisclearfromthisandotherpronouncementsthatinthefirstplacethe Popemust,byhisoffice,takethestand ofimpartiality.Hecannottakesides. Therearefourreasonsforthis.

First,heistheHeadofaChurch, themainpurposeofwhichistoget menintoheavennomatterwhatthe conditionsoflifetheyhappentobe -under.

Secondly,hecaninterveneonlyas ajudgeoramediator.

Thirdly,totakesideswouldbeto preventhimfromthemanyhumanitarianserviceswhichthePapacy rendersduringwar-time.

Fourthly,thePopemustsurvive thiswarwithareputationsounspottedbypartisanshipthatinthedifficultdaysofpeacenonationmaybe -deterredfromseekinghisassistance.

WhatisthePope'sPrimaryDuty?

Firstly,then,thePopeistheSpiritualIleadofsomefourhundredmillion men,womenandchildren.Ofthese, therearetwentymillionsinFrance, twentymillionsinPoland,fortymulionsinItaly.andoverthirtymillions inGermany.Hehashischildrenin Greece,Albania,Norway,Holland, Denmark,Czecho-Slovakia,Chinaand Japan. Hisfirstdutytoalltheseisoneof succour,and every nervetoseethattheyallcangetthe facilitiesforSacrificeandSacraments andallothermeansofsupernaturallife.

ThePope'sprimarydutyisneitherto solvetheeconomicproblemortheinternationalproblem,nortomakethe worldfitforheroestolivein,norto makeEuropesafefordemocracy;but togovern,teachandsanctifyhisown sheep.

Thistask,colossalenoughatall times,becomesgargantuaninwar-time.

"Allthosewhoarefightingeachother areOurlambs,"saysPiusXII."We lovethemall;theyareallOursons."

Secondly,thePopecouldintervene onlyasajudgeoramediator.With regardtothefirsttitle,theHolySee cannottransformitselfintoacourt ofjudgmentoneveryaccusationof wrongdoing.Itmustbeinvitedto dosointhefirstplace,anditmust begivenalltheevidenceinthesecond.OtherwisetheHolySeewould sinagainstjustice.

BenedictXVpointedoutthatanadequateinquiryintosuchasetoffacts, ifundertakenatall,wouldhavetoembraceimpartiallyallthechargesmade oneithersideagainsttherulersofthe sideopposedtothem.

TheHolySeeNotaCourtofJudgment.

Atthepresentdaythiswouldmean anexhaustiveinquiryintothecharges broughtbyCzechs,Slovaks,Poles,Norwegians,Dutch,BelgianandFrench againsttheNazipowers;thecharges ofFinland,Poland,Lithuania,Estonia andLatviaagainsttheU.S.S.R.;the questionsofDanzig,Alsace-Lorraine; thechargesbroughtbyFranceand GreeceagainstItaly;thecharges broughtbyEuropeannationsagainst theBritishblockade;thecharges broughtbyEnglandagainstGerman breakagesofinternationallawandthe Hagueconvention;andalso(forthey wouldhavetobeconsidered,even thoughfinallyprovedbaseless),the chargesoftheAxispowersagainstthe BritishEmpire.

Addtothisahundredothertensions,stretchingfromtheSino-JapaneseconflicttothePartitionQuestion inIreland,andweshallnotwonderat thePope'ssayingthatanadequate officialinquiryintosuchfactsis,duringthecontinuanceofhostilities,quite impracticable.

HencethepolicyofBenedictXV andsucceedingPopeshasnormally beentofurnishthemajorpremiseof thenecessarysyllogismbylaying downtheprinciplesofjusticeandhumanityinregardtoeventsofthemo-

ment,andleavingittothebelligerent powersthemselvestofurnishtherelevantminorpremises.

Inthosecaseswheretheevidence ofatrocitiesisclearandcogent,and wheretheevidencehasbeenpresented, thePopeshavebeensevereintheirprotests.

MayActasMediatorOnlyWhen Asked,

ThePopemayenterasamediator orarbiterintheinternationalstruggle, butonlyattherequestofthebelligerentparties.Thuswarwasaverted andthePapaldecisionacceptedinthe German-Spanishdisputein1885over theCarolineandPalaosIslands.

Sofar,inthepresentstruggle,the Popehasnotbeenapproached,buthe remainsalwaysapotentialmediator, andsohecannotcondemnspecifically oneorotherside.WhenBaronSonninowasrantingagainstthePeace NoteofBenedictXVbecauseitdid notcontainanexplicitcondemnation oftheinvasionofBelgium,the"OsservatoreRomano"pertinentlyremarked: "TheHonSonnino failstoseethat inthatNotetheHolySeeisnota judgebutamediator,simplydoing whatitcantoinducethebelligerent partiestolayasidetheirarms,meet, discuss,andarriveatreconciliation. Nowdideveramediatorbeginby condemningoneside?Ifhedoes,will hehavethesmallestchanceofsucceeding?TheinvasionofBelgium wascondemnedbytheHolySeein othercircumstances,butsuchcondemnationcouldnotpossiblyfind placeinthePontificalNote."

ImmenseWorkforPrisonersofWar.

Comingtothethirdpoint,oneofthe chiefpreoccupationsoftheHolySee intimesofwaristhatofmournful consequencesofit.Acondemnation ofanyside,or,inthepresentcrisis, theexcommunicationofHitlerorMussolini,wouldmeantheruptureofdiplomaticrelationsandtheconsequent blocktoanyVaticaneffortstomitigatethelotofprisonersofwarand othersufferers.

Theexistenceandextentofthis mercifulworkdependsontheconfidenceofthedifferentnationsinthe Pope'simpartialposition.Hemust beasimpartialastheInternational RedCross.AlreadytheVaticanisengagedinthisChristiantask,asitdid inthelastwar,whenunderPopeBenedictthirtythousandprisonerswere hospitalisedinSwitzerland,thetuberculousrepatriated,prisonersenchang ed;adayofrestsecuredonSundays forourprisonersofwar;innumerable livesofBelgians.Poles,Armenians, MaronitesinLebanon,Christiansin Syria,andchildren'slivesespecially, weresaved.

FromtheVaticanweresentout sevenhundredthousandinquiryschedulesaboutprisonerstothevarious countries,fourhundredthousandspecialrequestsforrepatriation,andhalf amillionotherinquiries.Andallthis wasunpaidwork.Thesearebutsome ofthefacts,buttheyaresufficientto showthatthePapacyisnotgoingto jeopardiseitsmissionofmercyforthe sakeofacondemnationwhoseeffect wouldbringtheendofthewarno nearer.

ACauseforPride-NotApology.

Fourthlyandfinally,everynationat thecloseofthiswarwillbemoreor lessshattered.Passionswillbehigh, anddistrustofoneanotherdeepand dangerous.Forthesanityofthe world,theremustbeonepowerofinternationalimportanceuntouched eitherbycrimeorbytheappearance andaccusationofit,

ThatpowerwillbethePapacy,and weCatholicsmaywellbeproudofthe far-sightednessandcontrolofPius XII,wholookstothedaysaheadwhen hemaybeabletomakeamuchmore efficacioususeofthemoralpowerof thePapacy.

Thepointtobearinmindisthat thePopeisleavingnostoneunturnedforthefuturewell-beingofthe world."Wehaveneglectednothing,thepresentPontiffdeclaredonNovember24,"forthepeacebetweennations. Weareconsciousofbeingaminister oftheKingofPeace,andweknow thatpeacecannotbeattainedbythe bloodshedinbattles,butonlybythe preciousbloodshedonHisCross. Wehavedoneourutmosttoestablish theconcordwhichhasbeendisturbed foralongtime,andwhichnowappearstobefinallyshattered....IfOur voiceseemsnottobeheardonearth, itwillbeheardinHeavenbythe FatherofPity."

Itmaybethathisvoicewillnotbe heardbymen,evenwhenthepeace termsthataretogoverntheworldare madeattheendofthiswar.We cannotforgetthatPopeLeoXIII'sdesiretohavehispartintheHagueConferencewasrudelyrejectedbytheanticlericalsinthecourtsofEurope,We cannotforgetthefamousClauseXV oftheLondonTreaty,

Wehopethisstageofworlddistrust ofthePapacyisover,but,whetheror not,thePapacywillalwayssafeguard itspowerforeventuallygreatergood. Thatiswhyweexecratetheattitudeof certainCatholicswhogoaboutasif thePapalbehaviourwassomethingto beashamedof,orsomethingwhich needsapology.ThePapalpolicyis theonlyconsistentlyspiritualone,the onlysaneone,theonlyChristianone, whichisbeinggiventotheworld. -"TheCatholicGazette."

'Vatican's'networkofCharity

Vaticanneutralitynotpassive, butamazinglyactiveand'global'

Bothinvolumeandinextent,theworkoftheVaticanInformationBureau, setupin1940tohelpintracingprisonersofwarandthemissing,andto performotherworksofcharityandmercyforwarvictims,increasedalmostbeyondbeliefduring1941.

Thisisclearfromtheshortaccount givenin"TheActivityoftheHoly See,"anannualnon-officialbutauthoritativeaccountoftheyearattheVatican,publishedbytheVaticanPolyglot Press,whichhasjustreachedthiscountry.

Itishardlynecessarytoemphasise (saysthepreface)thatthisaccountis limitedtothepublicactsoftheHoly Seeandcannot,therefore,giveanade quateideaofthemany-sidedactivities oftheHolyFatherandoftheRoman Curia,sinceinagreatpartofthislabourisnotofapublicnature,yetis nonethelessimportantandefficacious forthedevelopmentoftheChurch andforthebenefitofthespirituallife ofthefaithfulandthepubliclifeof nations,

AttheVaticanitself,agreatorganisationhasbeenbuiltuptocarry ontheworkoftheInformationBureau. Religiousandsecularpriests,students intheecclesiasticalcollegesandyoung menofCatholicAction,nunsofthe manyreligiouscongregationsandhelpersfromthewomen'sgroupsofCatholicActionhavealljoinedinthecrusade ofcharity,buildingupwiththeirvoluntarylabouraflexiblesystemcapable ofmeetingallthediverseandvarying requirementsofthedelicatetaskbeing performedbytheBureau.

RadioWorkofMercy.

Theextensionoftheconflictgreatly increasedtheworkoftheVatican RadioonbehalfoftheBureau.Every day,theantennaeoftheVaticanRadio sendoutintospacelonglistsofnames. AllovertheworldtherearePapalrepresentativestoreceivethemessages andmakethenecessaryenquiriesin placesblockadedandcutoffbywaror remotefrommodernmeansofcommunication.Backcometherepliesin theshortestpossibletimetotheVatican,tobecollatedandpassedback totheenquirers.

Theseradiotransmissions,begunin 1940,ontheoccupationoftheLow CountriesandFrance,withafewhundrednameseachweek,havegrown daybydayandnowextendtoAustralia,Egypt,England,Kenya,China,BelgianCongo,ItalianAfrica,SouthAfrica,India,etc.Evangelicalcharity spreadsitshandsdailyfartherinaccordwiththegrowingneedforit.

Tomeettheever-increasingwork,it wasnecessaryduringtheyeartotransfertheBureaufromtheApostolicPalaceneartheSecretariateofStateto moreextensiveandsuitableofficesin thepiazziofSt.Marthainthepalaceof St.Charles,theofficesoftheOriental Church.Theworkstillremainsunder thedirectionoftheSecretariateof State.Thenewofficespermitabetter

divisionofthestaffandseparateinto differentdepartmentsthethreemain functionsoftheBureau,receptionof enquiries,cataloguing,anddispatch.

PapalEnvoysVisitCaptives.

Papalrepresentativeshave,atthe sametime,greatlyextendedtheir workforprisonersofwarandcivilian internees.Whenthefirstprisoners arrivedinAustralia,theApostolicDelegate,withthefullco-operationofthe localauthorities,flewtotheport (74 debarkation,sawtotheirneedsand tookallparticularsfortransmissionto theirrelatives.Asfurtherprisoners arrived,theDelegatelikewiseattended totheirspiritualandtemporalneeds

InEgyptandPalestine,theApostolic Delegatewasevenmorefullyoccupied withvisitstointerneeandprisoner camps,andtothehospitalsforthe wounded.lieledinpersonapilgrimagesuch,aswasneverseenbeforein history,apilgrimageofprisonersofwas totheHolyPlacesinPalestine,theexpensesofwhichwereborneby,he HolyFather.

InItaly,likewise,theApostolicNunciovisitedthemanycampscontainirs, English,YugoslavandGreekprisoners, allofwhomwelcomedhimwithgreat cordialityandreceivedgreetingsfrom thePopeandtheApostolicBenediction.InEngland,asimilartaskwas performedbytheApostolicDelegatP Mindfuloftheneedsofthecivilian populations,theHolyFather,during 1941,sentlargesumstotheBishopsof France,Belgium,LuxemburgandHollandtohelpthepoorandrepairthe mosturgentofthelossescausedby waroperations.Othermissionswhich receivedspecialsubsidiesincluded Scandinavia,andtheSlovene,Croat andSerbpopulationsofYugoslavia.

WiththethreatoffamineinGreece, the tionsPopelastAugustbegannegotiaforthesendingofprovisionsto thatcountry(negotiationswhichhave sincebeensuccessful),andatthesame timesentmoneytotheApostolicDelegateinAthenstobuyfoodonthe spotfordistributiontothepoor.

Duringvisitstoprisonerofwar campsinItaly,theNuncioinquired intotheneedsofeachprisonerand gavemanygiftsofmoneytothose whobadlyneededitforsomepurpose. Similarly,beforeChristmas,thePope gaveinstructionsthatallprisonersof war,nomatterwheretheymightbe, shouldbegivenChristmasgiftsfrom him.ThePapalrepresentativesin eachcountrywereentrustedwithcarryingoutthisduty, RefugeesFed,Clothed,Taught.Foodstuffs,includingdriedfruitand condensedmilk,weresenttoPolandfor distributiontotheneedy.Subsidies

AERIALVIEW

feesforpupils,evenboarding-school feesinsomecases,paymentofmedicalexpensesandprovisionofmedicines,andinmanycasespaymentof thepassagemoneytoAmericaforthose whohadreceivedpermissiontogo there.Thesesameofficeslookedafter

Popefeedsthehungry,repairs lossesandcares PatroniseOurAdvertisers N.LOVELOCK BASSENDEANBAKERY i BAKERANDPASTRYCOOK,ETC. .INEIM....1001M1.0.1MIKM,1M1..,1MM.1.48/M/41.1.111.1.1.1MIMNIM.4 J.C.HAMILTON,M.P.S.Ph.C. DAYANDNIGHTCHEMIST. 197BRISBANESTREET PERTH. PrescriptionsCarefullyandAccuratelyDispensed. CompleteStocksofPatentMedicnes. CountryOrdersatCityPrices.'PhoneB1236-AnyHour. lermoomu.. PHONEF2396-ONEQUALITY-THEBEST JAS.KIELY&SONS BEACHBAKERY FAIRLIGHTSTREET.MOSMANPARK MaltandWholemealBreadaSpeciality. MACFARLANE&CO.LTD. WHOLESALEDAIRYPRODUCEMERCHANTS, POULTERERSANDSMALLGOODSMEN. BESTQUALITYBUTTER,BACON,CHEESE,LARD,DRIPPING, TABLEANDCOOKINGMARGARINE,TABLEPOULTRY,AND SAUSAGESALWAYSONHAND. ATRIALSOLICITED. Address:48"URRAYSTREET,PERTH. Telephones:B1438andBi/77. WhiteRockQuarriesLtd. IqR AllGradesofMetalforRoadConstructionand ConcreteWork RingLES.O'NEILL,B1166(Business),F2744(Priv.) 7thFloor,ColonialMutualBuildings,Perth.

Extracts Nazism . "Heisafalseprophet" WarningtoGerman Youth

ReasonforaConcordat.

Inthesummerof1933,Weaccepted theoffermadebytheGovernmentof theReichtoinstitutenegotiationsfor aConcordatinconnectionwithaproposalofthepreviousyear and broughtthemtoaconclusionwitha solemnagreement.

Duplicity.

If(theConcordat)hasnotbornethe fruitWedesiredintheinterestofyour people,nooneinthewideworldwho hasevestoseeandearstohearcan sayto-daythatthefaultlieswiththe ChurchandherHead.Thelessonsof thepastyearsmakeitclearwherethe responsibilitylies.Theydisclosemachinationsthatfromthebeginninghad nootheraimthanawarofextermination.

TormentsofConscience.

Whenthetimeshallhavecometo placebeforetheeyesoftheworldthese ourendeavours(tohonourourword solemnlypledged),allright-mindedpersonswillknowwheretheyhavetolook forthosewhokeptthepeace,and, whereforthosewhobrokeit.

Evento-day,whentheopencampaignwagedagainstthedenominationalschoolguaranteedbytheConcordat,whenthenullificationofthefreedomofthevoteforCatholicswho shouldhavetherighttodecideinthe matterofeducation,showsthedreadful seriousnessofthesituationinamost importantfieldoftheChurch'slifeand theunparalleledtormentofconscience ofbelievingChristians,Ourpastoral careforthesalvationofsoulscounsels Usnottoleaveunheededeventhe slightestprospectsofreturntoaloyal adherencetoaresponsibleagreement..

WeirdImpersonalFate. TakecarethatbeliefinGod be preservedtrueandunadulteratedin Germanlands.

He,whoinPantheisticvagueness, equatesGodwiththeuniverse,and identifiesGodwiththeworldandthe worldwithGod,doesnotbelongtobelieversinGod.

liewhoreplacesapersonalGodwith AweirdimpersonalFatesupposedlyaccordingtoancientpre-ChristianGerman concepts,deniesthewisdomandpro- videnceofGod. Suchaonecannotclaimtobenumberedamongthose whobelieveinGod.

Hewhotakestherace,orthepeople, ortheState,ortheformofGovernment,thebearersofthepowersofthe Stateorotherfundamentalelements ofhumansociety-whichinthetemporalorderofthingshaveanessentialandhonourableplace-outofthesystemoftheirearthlyvaluation,and makesthemtheultimatenormofall, evenofreligiousvalues,anddeifies themwithanidolatrousworship,pervertsandfalsifiestheorderofthings createdandcommandedbyGod.

Sacrilege.

Wethankallwhohavedoneand continuetodotheirdutyindefending thesovereignrightsofGodagainsttheaggressiveneo-paganismShotunfor.

fromPapalAnalysis op it Communism

..

"ThisSatanicScourge"

"WeblamenotRussia butthesystem"

WhatisCommunism?

tunatelyinmanyinstancesisfavoured ininfluentialquarters.

Hewhosacrilegiouslydisregarding theyawningabyssofessentialdistinctionbetweenGodandcreature,between theGod-Manandthechildrenofmen, darestoplaceanymortal,werehethe greatestofallties,besideChrist,or worse,aboveHimandagainstHim, mustbetoldthatheisafalseprophet, inwhomthewordsofScripturefindterribleapplication:"Hethatdwellethin heaven,shalllaughatthem.-

TOYOUTH.

Byathousandtonguesto-dayagospelispreachedinyourearsthatisnot revealedbyyourHeavenlyFather,A thousandpenswriteintheserviceofa shamChristianitythatisnottheChristianityofChrist.Daybydaythe pressandradiooverwhelmyouwith productionshostiletoyourfaithand Church,and,withnoconsiderationor reverence,attackwhatmustbetoyou sacredandholy.

Forthesakeofloyaltytoyourreligionmany,verymany,ofyouhave borne,andstillendure,bitterdaysof misunderstanding,ofsuspicion,ofcontempt,ofdenialofyourpatriotism,of manifoldinjuryinyourprofessional andsociallife.

IftheStatefoundsaState-Youthto whichallareobligedtobelong,then itis-withoutprejudicetotherightsof Churchassociations-anobvious,aninalienablerightoftheyoungmenthemselvesandoftheirparentsresponsible forthembeforeGod,todemandthat thisobligatoryorganisationshouldbe cleanedofallmanifestationsofaspirit hostiletoChristianityandtheChurch, whichuptotherecentpast,andeven atthepresentmoment,placesCatholic parentsinhopelessconflictsofconscience,sincetheycannotgivetotheState whatisdemandedinthenameofthe State,withoutrobbingGodofwhatbelongstoGod.

HumilityandHeroism.

Youaretoldagreatdealaboutheroic greatness,indesignedandfalsecontrasttothehumilityandpatienceof thegospel.Whyissilencekeptabout theheroismofmoralstruggle?

Humilityinthespiritofthegospel andprayerforthehelpofGod'sgrace arecompatiblewithself-respect,selfconfidenceandheroicpurpose.The ChurchofChrist,thatinallagesupto thepresenttimecountsmoreconfessorsandvoluntarymartyrsthanany otherbody,doesnotneedtoreceiveinstructionfromsuchquartersabout heroicpurposefulnessandheroicachievementInitsshallowtwaddle aboutChristianhumilitybeingselfabasementandunheroicconduct,the disgustingprideofthesereformers mocksitself. Ofthiswearecertain,thatintheend theenemiesoftheChurch,whofancy thatherhourhascome,willrecognise thattheyrejoicedtoosoonandwere tooquicktodighergrave. HeWhosearchestheheartsandreins isOurwitnessthatwehavenomore

CENTRALDAIRY

A.DREYER,Proprietor. STIRLINGHIGHWAY,CLAREMONT. PASTEURISEDORFRESHMILKTWICEDAILY.

'PHONE:WM1332. FRESHCREAM.

D.HILL

WHOLESALEANDRETAILBUTCHER. NEWCASTLEROAD,MIDLANDJUNCTION. Tel.118Midland. TRUSSEDPOULTRY.

ThedoctrineofmodernCommunism, whichisoftenconcealedunderthe mostseductivetrappings,isinsubstancebasedontheprinciplesofdialecticalandhistoricalmaterialismpreviouslyadvocatedbyMarx,ofwhich thetheoriciansofBolshevismclaimto possesstheonlygenuineinterpretation. Accordingtothisdoctrinethereisin theworldonlyonereality,matter,the blindforcesofwhichevolveintoplant, animalandman.Evenhumansociety isnothingbutaphenomenonandform ofmatter,evolvinginthesameway. Byalawofinexorablenecessityand throughaperpetualconflictofforces, mattermovestowardsthefinalsynthesisofaclasslesssociety.Insuch adoctrine,asisevident,thereisno roomfortheideaofGod;thereisno differencebetweenmatterandspirit, betweensoulandbody;thereisneither survivalofthesoulafterdeathnorany hopeafuturelife.Insistingonthe dialecticalaspectoftheirmaterialism, theCommunistsclaimthattheconflict whichcarriestheworldtowardsits finalsynthesiscanbeacceleratedby man.Hencetheyendeavourtosharpentheantagonismswhicharisebetween thevariousclassesofsociety.Thus theclass-struggle,withitsconsequent violenthateanddestruction,takeson theaspectofacrusadefortheprogress ofhumanity.Ontheotherhand,all otherforceswhatever,aslongasthey resistsuchsystematicviolence,mustbe annihilatedashostiletothehuman race....

MarksoftheBeast. Thereisnorecognitionofanyright oftheindividualinhisrelationstothe collectivity;nonaturalrightisaccordedtohumanpersonality,whichisa merecog-wheelintheCommunistsystem. Thereexistsnomatrimonialbondof ajuridico-moralnaturethatisnotsubjecttothewhimoftheindividualorof thecollectivity.Naturally,therefore, thenotionofanindissolublemarriagetieisscouted.Communismisparticularlycharacterisedbytherejectionof anylinkthatbindswomantothefamilyandthehome,andheremancipation isproclaimedasabasicprinciple.She iswithdrawnfromthefamilyandthe careofherchildren,tobethrustinsteadintopubliclifeandcollectivepro- ductionunderthesameconditionsas man.Thecareofhomeandchildren thendevolvesuponthecollectivity. Finally,therightofeducationisdenied toparents,foritisconceivedasthe exclusiveprerogativeofthecommunity, inwhosenameandbywhosemandate aloneparentsmayexercisethis right.

heartfeltwishthantherestorationofa truepeacebetweenChurchandState inGermany.Butif,throughnofault ofOurs,thereshallnotbepeace,the ChurchofGodwilldefendherrights andlibertiesinthenameoftheAlmighty,Whosearmevento-dayisnot shortened. -PiusXI.,in"MitbrennenderSorge."

FullofErrors.

Such,VenerableBrethren,isthenew gospelwhichbolshevisticandatheistic Communismofferstheworldasthe gladtidingsofdeliveranceandsalvation!Itisasystemfulloferrorsand sophisms.Itisinoppositionbothto reasonandtodivineRevelation.It subvertsthesocialorder,becauseit meansthedestructionofitsfoundations;becauseitignoresthetrueoriginandpurposeoftheState:because itdeniestherights,dignityandliberty ofhumanpersonality..

OutcomeofLiberalEconomics.

IfwewouldexplaintheblindacceptanceofCommunismbysomanythousandsofworkmen,wemustremember thatthewayhadbeenalreadyprepared foritbythereligiousandmoraldestitutioninwhichwage-earnershadbeen leftbyliberaleconomics.Evenon Sundaysandholy-days,labour-shifts weregivennotimetoattendtotheir essentialreligiousduties.Noone thoughtofbuildingchurcheswithin convenientdistanceoffactories,norof facilitatingtheworkofthepriest.On thecontrary,laicismwasactivelyand persistentlypromoted,withtheresult thatwearenowreapingthefruitsof theerrorssooftentlenouncedbyOur PredecessorsandbyOurselves.It cansurprisenoonethattheCommunisticfallacyshouldbespreadingina worldalreadytoalargeextentdechristianised.

PressFailsItsMission. AthirdpowerfulfactorinthediffusionofCommunismistheconspiracy ofsilenceonthepartofalargesection ofthenon-Catholicpressoftheworld. Wesayconspiracy,becauseitisimpossibleotherwisetoexplainhowapress usuallysoeagertoexploiteventhe littledailyincidentsoflifehasbeen abletoremainsilentforsolongabout thehorrorsperpetratedinRussia,in Mexico,andeveninagreatpartof Spain;andthatitshouldhaverelativelysolittletosayconcerningaworld organisationasvastasRussianCommunism.Thissilenceisdueinpart toshort-sightedpoliticalpolicy,andis favouredbyvariousoccultforceswhich foralongtimehavebeenworkingfor theoverthrowoftheChristianSocial Order.

AffectionForRussianPeople. Inmakingtheseobservationsitisno partofOurintentiontocondemnen massethepeoplesoftheSovietUnion. ForthemWecherishthewarmestpa- ternalaffection.Wearewellaware thatnotafew.ofthemgroanbeneath sheyokeimposedonthembymenwho inverylargepartarestrangerstothe realinterestsofthecountry.Werecognisethatmanyothereweredeceivedbyfallacioushopes.Weblame onlythesystem,withitsauthorsand abbetorswhoconsideredRussiathe best-preparedfieldforexperimenting withaplanelaborateddecadesago, andwhofromtherecontinuetospread itfromoneendoftheworldtothe other.

-PiusXI.,in"DiviniRedemptoris."

ItalianFascismClashesWithHolySee

CardinalHinsleyreviews "fundamental incompatibility"

HowcouldVaticancometoterms withpagansystem?

ofsupremevalue.Christianityisuniversal:'Goyeandteachallnations.' TheChurchisautonomousandaperfectsociety.Fascismabsorbstheindividual,seekstosubjecttheChurch tothePartyandtosubstitutetheregimeforCatholicity.Violence,conquestandwararetheavowedmeansof thegainingandkeepingpower.

"HowcouldtheVaticanevercome totermswithsuchasystemsobrutallypagan?TheVaticanhasnot doneso,asProf.Binchyshows.

"ButwhatoftheLateranTreaty andtheConcordat?

"Toanyonewhowilltakethepains tostudythisvastquestionitwillappearthattheHolySeeatwhatever cost-savingalwaystheprinciplesof truthandjustice-willsecurethefreedomofsoulstoknow,loveandserve Goduntosalvation.Whetherthe Vaticanhasgainedinlibertyandprestigebyagreeingtoamodusvivendi withItalianFascismisaquestionrequiringlongconsideration:itisfully discussedintheworkbeforeus.

"PIUSXIISTHEHEROOFTHE BOOK."

Reviewinginhisown"Westminster CathedralChronicle,"ProfessorBinchy's importantbook,"ChurchandStatein FascistItaly,"CardinalHinsley,whose directconnectionwiththeVatican makeshimanhighauthority,writes:

"PiusXIistheheroofthebook: bycontrastMussoliniisnotexactlythesaint.Fullcreditisgiventothe Dictatorforhisbeneficialworkonbe halfofhiscountry,buthisdesignsto enslavetheChurchareexposed.

"TheauthorconfessesthatFascism, bothinitstheoryanditspractice,has alwaysbeenabhorrenttohimandhe hadneverbeentempted'togazeon prosperoustyrantswithadazzled eye.'WithhisaccountoftheFascist brandofabsolutismIaminfullagreement,becausehisestimateofitsfundamentalincompatibilitywithCatholic teachinghasbeenmadeclearbyPius XL "TherearegoodelementsinFascism,suchasthecultofthemanlyvirtues,thepreachingofsimplicity,selfdenial,loyalty,purity;thesearesuperficiallyakintoChristianvirtues,butit wouldbesheermentaldishonestyto usethemasaproofthatFascismas awholeconformstoCatholicteaching.

"Prof.Binchy'schapterontheincompatibilitiesofFascismwithChristianityisthecentralthesisofhis book,"theCardinalmites."Christianityispersonal:eachsinglesoulis

"Onethingiscrystalclear,theHoly Seewillevermaintainitsrighttoexerciseitssupremeofficeofguideand guardianinallmoralandspiritual matters-whetherinsovereigntyona throneorthrustbackintotheCatacombs-theChurchofChristwillalwaysremainthebulwarkoffreedom againstthetyrannouspretensionsof Caesar."

repairs...WE. StoveCo.,559WellingtonSt.(B6307.1

.....ie.,,usiteu.,,,...,,,....,......,.......,..,....

THEBESTVALUEFORYOUR MONEYAT F.J.DUFF'S WINESALOON.

CornerARUNDELSTREETand SOUTHTERRACE,FREMANTLE.

'Phone:L1902. 1,,trie.pr.,,I,I."1i i,llllllll

BUNBURY.

P2121,DayorNight.

LICENSEDSANITARYPLUMBER, IRONWORKER,SHEETMETAL WORKER.

S.BEECROFT-Butcher 181RokebyRoad,Subiaco.

DmyPrimeFreshKilledMeatSold. 'PhoneW1373.

LANDandESTATEAGENT J.PIEILSON, G.H.TEEDE

'Phone31 Private287. Optician

SMITH'SBUILDINGS, WELLINGTONST..BUNBURY. Businesses,Farms,Houses,Land ForSale.

S.DANNELL,F.S.M.C.(London',

W.A.O.A.

OPTOMETRIST. TelB1616

16PLAZAARCADE,PERTH.

INTERNATIONALFISHERIES

FRESHFISHTWICEDAILY. 131BARRACKSTREET.

DELIVERIESANYWHERE. PHONEB<24 SupplierstoHospitals,EducationalandReligiousInstitutions.

WEARETHEOLDESTANDLARGESTFISHDISTRIBUTORSIN WESTERNAUSTRALIA.

OLIVEOILINLARGEORSMALL

or

BenedictXV. wasrefusedavoicein VersaillesSettlement

Asearlyas1914,BenedictXVdeclaredthatitwasowingtotheneglect offundamentalChristianprinciples that,''thepeaceandstabilityofinstitutions,theveryfoundationofStates," hadbeguntobeshaken-alreadyhe puthisfingeronmoralcauses,describingthewarasthecrisisofregimesthatithassinceprovedtobe. "Thus,"hecontinued,"weseetheabsencefromtherelationofmenofmutuallovefortheirfellowmen;the authorityofrulersisheldincontempt, injusticereignsintherelationsbetween classesofsociety;thestrivingfortransientandperishablethingsissokeen thatmenhavelostsightoftheother andmoreworthygoodsthattheyhave toobtain."

AmongtheAlliesintheCentral Powers,therewerepowerfulforces benteitheruponrefusingpeaceor uponrefusingtothePopeanyvoice inthesettlement-theyareatworkin differentguiseto-day.KaiserWilhelmpouredscornprivatelyupon"The oldPontifex."TheGeneralStaffhopedalwaysforthedecisivebattle.Yet whenGermany,in1916,putoutfeelers forpeace,LloydGeorgegavehisfamousinterview,sayingthattheGermans were"squealingforpeace"andthat hewouldfightontothe"knock-out blow."Clemenceau'sanswertothe EmperorKarl'seffortswasthecornplaintthat"Austriawasworrying Franceforpeace."Fewrealisedwhat weretheactualforcesengaged.Fewer stillknewoftheexistenceofsecret treaties.

Thus,theTreatyofLondon,1913, promisedtheMasonicGovernmentof ItalythatlireatBritain,Franceand

Russiawouldnotallowthe"representativesoftheHolySeetotakeany stepsinthematteroftheconclusion ofpeaceorthesettlementofquestions connectedwiththepresentwar,"

ThisengagementdoomedthePapal effortsfromtheonset,butBenedict XVmadeonemoreappealin1917, whenastalemateseemedcertain;and althoughhefailedthen,tributeshave notsincebeenlackingtohim.All Governmentsweresounded,butthe mainnegotiationswereentrustedto MonsignorPacelli,thepresentPope, thenNuncioinMunich,whowasheld offfromweektoweekbythedilatory repliesoftheGermanGovernment, whichhopesthustoplacetheblame forrejectin;thePope'speaceproposals ontheotherside.Infact,theGeneralStaffwouldnotagreetotheevacuationofBelgium,uponwhichthePope insisted.

BenedictXV'sproposalswerelargely incorporatedintheFourteenPointsof PresidentWilson,adocumentwhich remainedtheoreticalafterall.What miserieswemighthavebeensparedif theyhadbeencarriedoutin1917, withoutthedefeatononesideandthe impositionofavindictivetreaty!The HolySeetriedtoseekthesurrender ofoccupiedterritories,andthereturn ofGermancolonies,withoutquestion ofreparations:afairsettlementofterritorialquestions,includingPolishand Serbianclaims,bynegotiation;an a:reedreductionofarmaments;theestab7,stimentofaninternationalcourt ofjusticebasedupontheprincipleof arbitration:andrecognitionofthefree. domofthesear

ForExquisiteMildnessandTenderness andFineFlavourAlways.

ODDFELLOWS'

NewlyFurnishedThroughout. ALLWELCOME. jG.MULCAHY,Proprietor.

STAN.O'BRIEN COURTHOTEL PERTH.

'Phone:B4261.

HOTELBEACONSFIELD FREMANTLE. OverlookingtheOcean SuperiorAccommodation.. ModerateCharges. M.BYRNE (LateofGrandandShamrock Hotels,Boulder).

SUBIACOHOTEL

FIRST-CLASSACCOMODATION 'Phone:W1028, A.J.McHENRY,Proprietor.

VICTORIAHOTEL

HAYSTREET,SUBIACO. RenovatedThroughout. EssenceofComfort. W.F.ARTIS,Proprietor. (LateofBalmoralHotel,Vic.Park)

COUNTRY.

DukeofYorkHotel NARROGIN. ReconditionedandRefurnished. NewLounge,DiningRoom,and CommercialRooms. ARTHURBOYLAN,Proprietor (LateGeorgeHotel,Perth.)

FREEMASON'SHotel TOODYAY. ExcellentCuisine. kmaticeRefrigeratorInstalled. OldandNewFriendsare CordiallyWelcomed. MRS.E.WING,Proprietress

HOTELPERTH JACKEDDINGTON, Proprietor.

ExcellentAccommodation

GOLDFIELDS.

RodBeaton's HANNAN'SHOTEL HANNANSTREET, EALGOORLIE.

STAR&GARTERHOTEL

Cnr.HANNANandNETHEFICOTT STREETS,KALGOORLIE.

BERTSTARA Proprietor.

'Phone13. Box124.

AUSTRALIAHOTEL

KALGOORLIE

THE Busbies'Corner

DearCornerites,-Thisweek,1am givingyouthemessageofOurHoly FatherthePopetothechildrenofAustralia,whichwasdeliveredbythe ApostolicDelegateinApril,1940,to thechildrenofPerth.Whatwassaid twoyearsago.mydearchildren,holds goodto-day,moreso,ifpossible.The HolyFathertoldyouthatallhishope forthefutureofAustraliawasinyou. therisinggeneration.Doyouknow whythisis?Itisbecauseyou,althoughyouareyoungnow,willsoon growbigandstrong,andfittotake yourplaceintheadvancementofyour belovedcountry.Iamsurethatyou allthinkthatAustraliais best countryintheworld,andthatyou woulddoanythingtoseeherforemostamongthenationsoftheworld. Andyoucandothis,ifyouwilltrain yourselvesintwothings.Loveyour GodandyourChurch,andloveyour country.Thesetwoloyalties,asOur HolyFathersaid,mustalwaysgotogether.Theycannotbeseparated, andifyoupractisethemfaithfully, thenyouwillbecomecitizensofwhom Australiawillbeproud.So,dearCornerites,Iwantyoutoreadcarefully theaddressofourHolyFathertoyou, thinkoverit,andputintopractisethe instructionsthatitcontains,andyou willbringbenefittoyourownsunny land,Australia.

AUNTBESSY, * *

DearAuntBessy,-Enclosedplease findpostalnoteforfiveshillingsforthe Bushies.Withbestwishes,from BETTERLATETHANNEVER.

DearBetterLateThanNever,Thankyouforyourkinddonation,and foryourbestwishes,fortheyarevery muchappreciated,andyoumustalwaysrememberthis,thatitisnever toolateformetohearfromvou.I getgreatpleasurewhen,onopeningmy mail,Ifindthenameofanoldfriend.

AUNTBESSY. * * * *

DearAuntBessy,-PleasefindencloseddonationinhonouroftheSacredHeart.

YOURSFAITHFULLY.

DearYoursFaithfully,-Youarecertainlyafaithfuladherentofmine,

aren'tyou,andyouhaveneverfailed meyet.Iamverygratefultoyou foryourhelp,andIamsurethatthe Bushiesare,too.

AUNTBESSY,

DearAuntBessy,-Thisisthefirst letterIhavewrittentoyou.Iam elevenyearsold,andhavetwosisters andonebrother.Judyistwelve,Lois seven,andJohnthree.Iliveona farmeightmilesfromPiawaning.Judy andIaremakingashade-housedown inthehush,andwehavethatchedit withti-tree.Wetakedad'safternoon teadowntothepaddockwhenheis seeding,andhavearideonthedrill. Willyoupleasesendmeaprickcard, andIwilltrytofillitinforyou.

PATRICIASPENCER.

DearPatricia,-Iwasverygladto knowthatIhadanewmemberforthe Corner,andIamsurethatyouwillbe verywelcome.Ienjoyedyourletter, andIwishthatIcouldseetheshade. housewhenitisfinished,and Iamsurethatitwillbeamasterpiece.Youmusthavegreatfun ridingonyourfather'sdrill,and youmustallenjoyyourselves.I willcertainlysendyouaprickcard, andIknowthatyouwillhaveitfilled insoon. AUNTBESSY.

Mayyouadvance,asdidtheChild Jesus."

11111,11111MWINIIIIMWIIIWWWWIM.MMW11. LEMONADEBOTTLE, AcknowledgedWithThanks. s.d.

BetterLateThanNever 50

TheMessagefrom thePopetothe Childrenof Australia

"Prayer,asyouknow,bringsusvery closetoOurLord,anditbringsus veryclosetotheHeartofHisChurch onearth.Although,asOurHolyFather says,youareindistanceveryfaraway fromhim,yethefeelsthatyouare veryneartohisheart,asnearasare thepeoplewhomwelove,andwholove us.Youwillneverforgetthesebeautifulwords,mydearchildren,because theyexpressthetenderloveandcare whichtheHolyFatherhasforevery oneofyou.ToyouwhoarethechoicestflowersinGod'sgardenofsouls, whomadethatpreciousspiritualgar- land,theHolyFatherlookswithconfidenceastohisloyalchildren.Be surethatthemercifulHeartofOur DivineRedeemerwillbemovedto grantyourprayers,andinthanking youforyourgreatsharelastMayin theCrusadeofPrayer,Iexhortyouto continuetoprayalwaysfortheintentionsofHisHoliness.

WhydoestheHolyFathernowlook withconfidenthopetoyou,children ofAustralia?ItisbecauseyourepresentthefutureoftheChurchin yourcountry.Youaretheyoungand vigorous,whencewehope,nayexpect, togatherabundantfruit.Youareto betheexemplaryCatholicsofto-morrow,andtheloyalcitizensofyourcountry.LoveyourChurch,andloveyour country.Thesetwoloyaltiesmustalwaysgotogether.Asyoulearnto

give,ifnecessary,yourbloodforyour faith,soyoumustbepreparedtoshed yourbloodforyourcountry. AsIgiveyoutheApostolicBlessing inthenameofHisHoliness,Igiveyou thesewishes.Mayyouadvance,as didtheChildJesus,"inwisdomand gracewithGodandmen:'(Luke2, 52.,Mayyoualwaysbethejoyof yourparents,yourteachers,your priestsandyourBishops,whospareno sacrificesineducatingyou,andwho consideryouasthepricelessornaments oftheirfamilies,theirparishes,and thediocese.ThismessageIhavegiven youfromtheHolyFather,andthrough you,tothechildrenofAustralia."

YOUCANDOALLYOURSHOPPINGAT the