The Record Newspaper 26 March 1942

* TiswithpleasurethatIcommendthisEaster numberof"TheRecord."Ithasbeenthe customforsomeyearsnowtoproducean issuecommemorativeoftheBirthofOur Lord,anditisonlyfittingthatthePassion, DeathandResurrectionofChristshouldbe alsobroughtmoreprominentlybeforethemindsofthe faithful.

To-day,ourthoughtsareovershadowedbytheterribleordealofwar,andnoonecanmeasurethehazardsofthemonthsthatlieahead.ItisforCatholics, then,bytheirquietcourageandtheirwayoflife,to setanexampletothecommunityatlarge.Foritis onlybyanintensificationoftheChristianoutlookand wayoflifethatourcourageanddeterminationto survivecanbeadequatelysustainedandthemany spiritualexcessesofto-daymitigatedandrepaired.

IbegoftheCatholicpeoplegreaterdevotiontothe Mass,andevendailyMass,tothereceptionofthe Sacraments,toprayer,tohardsustainedworkand totheself-denialexpectedofusall.Forin theseuncertaintimes,letusnotforgetthatonly throughunionwithChristinallourendeavoursshall weattaintothatnewnessandfulnessoflife,togiveus whichHecameanddiedandroseagainfromthe dead.Andmaybe,intheinscrutablewaysofGod ournation,testedandtemperedintherigoursofwar andunitingitsbaptismofbloodwiththePassionof ChristmaybefoundworthytorisewithHimtoanew andfullerlife,bothintimeandeternity.

DevotedlyyoursinChrist,

-44billbunif/vautriiie"

* 'I'iswithpleasurethatIcommendthisEaster numberof"TheRecord."Ithasbeenthe customforsomeyearsnowtoproducean issuecommemorativeoftheBirthofOur * Lord,anditisonlyfittingthatthePassion, DeathandResurrectionofChristshouldbe alsobroughtmoreprominentlybeforethemindsofthe faithful.

To-day,ourthoughtsareovershadowedbytheterribleordealofwar,andnoonecanmeasurethehaz ardsofthemonthsthatlieahead.ItisforCatholics, then,bytheirquietcourageandtheirwayoflife,tc setanexampletothecommunityatlarge.Foritis onlybyanintensificationoftheChristianoutlookand wayoflifethatourcourageanddeterminationto survivecanbeadequatelysustainedandthemany spiritualexcessesofto-daymitigatedandrepaired.

IbegoftheCatholicpeoplegreaterdevotiontothe Mass,andevendailyMass,tothereceptionofthe Sacraments,toprayer,tohardsustainedworkand totheself-denialexpectedofusall.Forin theseuncertaintimes,letusnotforgetthatonly throughunionwithChristinallourendeavoursshall weattaintothatnewnessandfulnessoflife,togiveus whichHecameanddiedandroseagainfromthe dead.Andmaybe,intheinscrutablewaysofGod ournation,testedandtemperedintherigoursofwar andunitingitsbaptismofbloodwiththePassionof ChristmaybefoundworthytorisewithHimtoanew andfullerlife,bothintimeandeternity.

DevotedlyyoursinChrist,

WHYDOESN'T ThePOPEDO SOMETHING?

"Whydoesn'tthePopedosomething?'Thesepetulantwordsare heardinthemostunexpectedplacesto-day.Thecomplainingquestion referstothewar.Ithastwoimplications:first,thattheHolyFatheris, insomeundesignatedmannerandmeasure,responsiblefortheconflict; and,secondly,thathecould,ifhechose,arrangeitstermination,with justiceservedandallparticipantssatisfied,byteno'clockto-morrow morning.Thefactsinthecasetelladifferentstory.

REPORTERSinRomecablereams ofdubiousspeculationabout thePope'sattitude,objectives, andactivitybearingonthewar,cloakingitinlayersofmysterywhich,they imply,theyhavebeenexceptionally clevertopenetrate.Thereisnoneed oflookingtogossiporcrystal-gazing, forthefactsofthematter.ThepersonwhowillcarefullyreadtheHoly Father'sseveralpronouncementsonthe war,issuedbeforeitbeganandsince, cangetanexactappreciationofwhere hestands.

Thisarticleattemptstosiftthese documents.Theyarenumerous,and eachisrichandcloselyreasoned.Hence thissummaryisfarfromexhaustive. Butitisrelativelyeasytopickoutthe masterideasrecurringinallthese Papalstatements.

ConsequenceofaMoralSickness.

Fivemainpointscomposehisown answertothequestionwithwhich webegan:WhydoesntthePopedu something?

11)Hehasdonesomething.Ilehas doneeverythinginhispower.Beforetheinceptionofhostilities,hebent everyefforttopreventtheslaughterous internationalstrife.Intohisvery firstmessagetotheworldheput"an invitationto,andindeedanaugury peace:'LaterhetoldItaly'sambassadortotheVaticanthatheregarded"workinfavourofpeaceand internationalaccord asaduty."In themessagewhichacknowledgedPresidentRoosevelt'sletterintroducing MyronC.TaylortotheVatican,he said,"AsVicaronearthofthePrince ofPeace,fromthefirstdaysofOur PontificateWehavededicatedOur effortsandOursolicitudetothepurposeofmaintainingpeace,andafterwardsofre-establishingit."

Inanotherplacehesaid,"Weleftno stoneunturned,noavenueunexplored, toprevent,inanywaywhichOurApostolicOfficeorothermeansatOurdisposalmadepossible,arecourseto arms."Andagain,"Allknowthat,from thebeginningofthewar,Wehaveleft nothingundone,buthavechampioned byeverymeansatOurdisposal-inOui publicutteranceswrittenandoral,and inconversationsandinterviews-the restorationofthatpeaceandconcoursewhichmustbebasedonjustice andreachitsperfectioninmutualfraternalcharity."

Heisthefirsttoadmit,withpoignantregret,thattheseeffortsfailed. "Ouradvice,respectfullylistenedto, wasnottaken."

(2)Almostallofthosewhoclamour foraPapalappraisalofthemeritsof theopposingsidesinthewar,really wantnotanimpartialjudgmentbuta flatendorsementofthemselves.They areallbutofferingthemselvesforcanonisation.Theywantasharp,sweepingcondemnationoftheotherside Theywantonlytobetoldthatthey areintheright,examplesaswellas championsofvirtue,whiletheother fellowistobetoldthatheisindistinguishablefromtheoverlordofhell,

AstheHolyFatherhassaid,heis "beyondeveryrivalryandoutside everyparty:'ThePapacyisauniversalinstitution.ThePopehas spiritualchildrenbythemillionsinalmostallthebelligerentandquasi-belligerentcountries.Further,heknows hismissiontobetoallmeneverywhere. Hecannotdescendfromtheplane whereonheisabove"intriguesand'dissensionsandtheinterestsoffactions." Ilecannotbeanyone'scat's-paw.

(3)liepronouncesonthemoralaspectsofissuesandconflicts,laving downprinciples,enunciatingduties,indicatingwhataberrationsfromthe rightareresponsibleforparticulardifficulties.Hetakesthelongview, backintopasthistory,forwardtofuturedevelopments,andexpediencyhas nopartinhisthinking.Analysingthe presentsituation,heseesitastheconsequenceofamoralsicknesscommon tothewholeworld,comingtoitspresentgravepassonlyaftercenturies ofgrowth.Asweshallseelater,he

knowsthatnomilitaryvictory,whoeverwinsit,isgoingtosetallthings aright.

Rather,auniversalspiritualrenewal isrequisiteforthesettlementofthe contemporarycrisis,ofwhichthewar isbutoneaspect.But,PopePius writes,"calmviewsandlongviewsare mistakenforweaknessandindecision.' Oneofthemostappallingfeaturesof thepresentconditionofmankindisthe factthat,when,inplainestlanguage andtrumpet-tongued,thePopetells theworldthatwhatiswrongisamoral matter,veryfewhaveanynotionof whatheistalkingabout.For"the fundamentalconceptionsofjusticeand love,whichmakeforindividualhappinessandthenobilityofcommon.sociallife,haveinmanyrespectsfallen intooblivionorcontempt."

(4)ThePopecannotbeexcluded fromanyinfluenceonthemakingof policies,nationalandinternational, andthen,whentheseleadtodisaster, becalledintocleanup,withtheunderstandingthathewillpromptly withdrawonceorderisrestored.He saysthattheChurchwhichheheads "cannotplayherpartasapeace-maker aslongasobstaclesareputinherway tohinderher."Hepointsoutthat theadvicewhichheofferssometimes arousessuspicionsoftheill-disposed, makesthemthinkthatthewhole structureofcivilauthorityisbeing threatened,thatitsrightsaretobeinvaded."Thatisnottrue.Farfrom it.Althoughheis"asfarremovedas possiblefromanyintentionsofthat kind"andappealstomen"notasking tohavedominionoverthem,but,in everypossibleway,tobetheirservant,"menofillwillspreadsuchpreposterousnotions:thecredulous'believe them,andthePopeisleftoutofthe pictureuntilthepicturedisintegrates.

(5)ThePopehasnoway,savemoral suasion,ofenforcingwhatheknows toberightandhealthfulforsociety. Hecannotexertphysicalcompulsion onmen,nordoeshewantto."We cometoyouarmedwithnothingmore thanthewordsoftruth."Theworld paysscantheedtoonesoarmed. Physicalmightislikelytobeitsnorm ofauthority.

OneBitterRootofTrouble.

Thisfive-pointexplanationbeing made,weaskwhethertheHolyFather despairsofaccomplishinganythingand retiresintosilence.No.Thereare certainlymenofgoodwilllefton earth.Indeed,theirnameislegion. Therearemeninallcountries,inand outoftheChurch,whoareintellectuallyhonestandhumble,notopportunists,withtheirmoralsensenotatrophied,dismayedatthepasstowhich theworldhascome,lookingforanincisivediagnosisofobtainingconditions,andwillingtouseadrasticremedy.ItistothesethattheHoly Fatherspeaksagainandagain,tirelessly.

Whatdoeshesay?

Firstandforemost,thattheprincipal causeofourillsisourindividualand socialdesertionofGod,thewidespread denialofHisexistenceandauthority. PiusXII'spapersaboundinstriking imagery.Hisdictionisnowherebetterexemplifiedthaninthismemorablesentence,"Ourtroubleshaveone bitterroot,terribleinitsfertility,the ignoringofGod'smajesty,thecompleteneglectofHisheavenlycommandments."

NotewellthatthePopedoesnotsay thatGodcauseswars,thatIlesends themasascourge.Peoplewhogive Godnucreditforgoodthingsarevery quicktoassignIlimresponsibilityfor badthings.TheSupremePontiff, viewinghistoryinperspective,logicallyfollowingthecourseofhumanconducttoitsconsequences,showsthat men,havingsetasideGodandallthat Herepresents,inevitablyembarkona careerofdisaster.Stepbystepthey movetothe'darkabyss.

Professedatheismisto-dayrampant, deliberatelyfosteredbyanti-religious totalitariangovernmentsandalso'by

thatirresponsibleintelligentsiatnn tiedinII.G.Wells.Butevenmore common,andcertainlymoredamaging, isthepracticalatheismofthosenominallyChristian. ThisstemslargelyfromtheoldliberalheresywhichputGodandreligion inonehermeticallysealedcompartmentofhumanaffairsanddeniedtheir relevancetootherphasesoflife,for example,theeconomicandsocial.Witnessthehotindignation,notunknown evenamongCatholics,whensuccessive Popeshavespokenonthemoralabuses inindustry,commerce,andfinance. Thesepronouncementshavealways beengreetedwiththeassertionthat thePopeshouldsticktoreligiousmatters,andnotthusintrudeinfieldsthat hadabsolutelynothingtodowith morality.Themodernconceptsof sheerlyeconomicmanandoftheautonomyofthepoliticalfieldillustrate howfartheliberalheresyhasgone.

ExecutionofYoungSouls.

Ithasputitsmarkoneducation. Commoninallcountriesisa"training oftheyoungwhichneglects,ofdeliberatepurpose,todirecttheirmindstowardsaheavenlycountryaswell," which"pointsthemtoawronggoal," and"secretlyoropenlyencourages themtoturntheirbacksontheirdivine Redeemer."Wefailtogetexcited overthistrendineducation.Weare horrifiedbytheNaziexecutionofone ortwohundredhostages,butwedo notturnahairashundredsofthousandsofyoungsoulsareexecutedin ourownschools.Whenwholegenerationshavebeenthusdespiritualised, itisnowonderthatthingsgoterribly wrongfortheworld,thatwarcomes.

PopePiussaysthat,withthedenial ofGodandHisexclusionfromhuman affairs,"theonlypossiblefoundation ofpeaceandpermanencehasbeen undermined"and"nothingcan'breed peaceorpreserveprosperity."This heillustratesbysinglingoutthatcardinalerrorofthetimes,namelythe divorceof"civilauthorityfromany connectionatallwiththeDivine Being."Theadministrationofnationalaffairsis,forthemostpart,carriedonasifGod,theMakerofmen, thegiverandvindicatorofthemoral order,didnotexist.

Theresultisthattheseveralstates arenotslowtousurptheplacefrom whichGodhasbeenelimnated.Each presumesthatithas"unlimitedcompetence."Eachvotesitself"intothe privilegesofOmnipotence,"andthe stateistreated"astheendtowhich allhumanactionsmusttendandthe rule'bywhichalllegalandmoralquestionsmustbejudged."They allowofnoappealtothedictatesof naturalreasonoroftheChristianconscience."Thisexplainswhysomany statesnowtrampleonmenasifthey weregravel,disposeofthecitizenryas iftheywerechattels,exterminateminoritiesasiftheywerevermin.

.Thisalsoexplainswhywarscomein evergreaternumber,scope,andferocity.Eachstateisalawuntoitself. Therearenocommonprinciples,given byGod,toregulatetheactionsofall men;thereisnocodeofmorality,definedbyGod,bindingonall.When Godisshuntedintothedustyatticof thepastlikeabrokendownpieceof furniture,menlose"touchwiththe principlesofrightdealing"and"the voiceofnature,whichinstructsthe uninstructedandeventhosetowhom civilisationhasneverpenetrated,on thedifferencebetweenrightandwrong, becomesfainterandfaintertillitdies away.Nothingislefttoremindus thatweshalloneclayhavetogivean accountofwhatwehavedonewellor ill,beforeajudgefromwhomthereis noappeal."Even"humanlawitself, initsbearingonmen'slives,necessarilylosesallitsinnerholdovertheir consciences."

Thenthe"newmorality,divorced fromallconnectionwithadivinelaw," isfashionedbyeachstatetosuititself. Thusyouhaveanumberofstates, "eachmakingupitsownmoralityasit goesalong,"withnotwocodesagreeing.Thisputs"allthebondswhich uniteonecountrywithanotheratthe mercyofacapriciousdespotism."Interestsclash.Misunderstandingsarise. Thereisnownocommongroundon whichthedisputantscanmeetwith thatconfidenceineachother'sintegritywhichtheHolyFatherseesasindispensabletopeace,forthat"discussionandclearadjustmentofmutual relations,"that"equitablejudgmentof reasonandconsentofminds"whichhe alsoemphasises. Thereisnoalternativetowar.Discussionandconsultationareimpossible,becausethedisputantsscarcely speakthesamelegallanguage.Moreover,theirattitudeonetoanotheris ofprofounddistrust,resultingfromthe atomisationofthefamilyofnations becauseitsHeadhasbeencutoff.

Therefollows"aseriesofactsirreconcilablealikewiththepreceptsofpositiveinternationallawandthoseofthe lawofnature,aswellaswiththeelementarysentimentsofhumanity."That is,war,withits"unnaturalconflicts" andits"cruelbutcheries."

Inthuslayingbaretherootcause ofwar,thePoperaisestheformidable questionwhetherthereisanyhopefor theworld,whichcareersrecklesslyfrom crisistocrisis.Oreveninthemidst ofthisinfernoofhatred,asthemechanicalmastodonsclashandthe planetisinupheaval,itisplainthat mendonotseewhatisatthebottom, oftheirdistressandpersistinsupposingthatgenuine,organic,andlasting peacecanbebroughtaboutbymilitaryvictory."Itisnotfromoutward pressure,"saysHisHoliness,"itisnot fromtheswordthatdeliverancecomes tonations:theswordcannotbreed peace,itcanonlyimposetermsof (ContinuedonPage19.)

TheFace ofChrist

As(Revealed onthe Shroudof (Turin

fisawonderfulfacethatwehave beforeus.NoonecouldhaveanI thepreservationofthe subtletyoftheexpressiotitselfwith suchpoweranddelicacy.Afairly coarselinenisnotanidealbasisfor theproductionofdelicacyofexpression. Itisafaceofonewhohasbeencruellymaltreated:thenoseisswelledin theupperpact,thecheekbonesandthe cheeksthemselvesarebruised,the moustache,thebeardandthehairare inconfusionandclottedwithblood. Theeyesareclosed,buttherighteye againhasbeenwounded.Thelipsare alittledifficulttoread,thelowerlip seemstohavefallen.Itisdueperhapstothefalloftheheadatthemomentofdeath,andhasnotbeencorrectedbythebandagewhichapparentlygoesroundthefaceandobscures theears.Butthetruthmaybeonly thattheearsandtheneck,forofthat thereisnosign,weretoofarfromthe linentomakeanyimpression.The woundsoftheCrownofThornsare clearroundwherethehairbegins,and severalstreamletsofdriedblood,one inparticularverystronglymarked overthelefteye,fallfromtheseover theforehead.

Butitisnotthesemarksofsufferingwhichconcernusnowsomuchas theexpressionoftheFaceasawhole, inspiteofitsmaltreatment.Ithas nooutlineorshading,itisjustaseries ofstains,andyet,inthepositiveform givenusbythenegativeplate,itisastonishingintheextreme.

Thereisfirstadeepsorrowinthe Face,butasorrowwithnotraceof resentment.Itisfullofsweetness andresignation,andyet,deformedand maltreatedasitis,thereisalsoagreat impressionofmajestyandgreatness. Thereisnokindofhumanweaknessor humanpassion,ofangerorofhate.It istheFace,ithasbeenwellsaid,of aneternalJudge,aJudgewhoseems tobeclosinghiseyestocommunewith himselfandtoshutoutallearthly thoughtsandconsiderations.Never, ithasbeensaidagain,hasanypainter, howevereminentandhoweverspiritual intherenderingsofhisart,beenable toproduceanyFaceofChristwhich cancompare,evendistantly,withthis majesticFace,fullofoutrageddignity, butatthesametimefullofmercy andcompassion,whichistheFacepresentedtousbytheShroudofTurin. ItistheFaceofonewhoisdead, thatisobvious,andyetitisbyno meansthefacediacorpse.Ithas acertainmysterioussenseoflife,perhapsbecausedeathhasonlyjustoccurred.ItistheFaceofaChrist whoisdead.andyetisalive;ofa JudgefullofmajestyandyetofaVictimthathasbeenoffered;ofaMartyr whohassufferedunjustlyandyetofa Friendwhocouldneverfail.Itis,in aword,theChristoftheGospels.And again,whatisperhapsmostremarkablewhenweconsiderhowithascome tous,it'bearsthefeaturesthatwe knowandlove;itisnostranger,but theJesuswehaveknownfromchildhood,theChristofChristianart. Whencecomestheuniversallyacceptedtypewhichrepresentsforus thelikenessofourBlessedLord?Can weinanywayacceptitasauthentic, orisitonly,ashasoftenbeenasserted, aslowdevelopmentthroughtheages ofthetypewhichcommendsitselfto thegreatestnumberofHisfollowers? Itisaquestionwhichcanneverlose itsinterest,andwhichhithertohas beenexceedinglydifficulttoanswer. By"theLikenessofChrist,"wedonot meananyparticularrepresentation,

howeverancient,butthatwhichis commontoallsuchrepresentations.For allmustacknowledgethatthereis suchaLikeness,adheredtoinallages andthroughoutthewholeworld,and recognisablebyallofuswhenwesee it.Itissometimesmoreperfectly, sometimeslessperfectlyrendered,but remainsafixedtype.Itisalways thesame,howeverfarbackwegoin history.Themosaicsofthebasilicas ofRomeandofRavennadating,some ofthem,fromthelatterpartofthe fourthcentury,showusthesametype exactlyasdothesentimentalpictures ofFrenchartto-day.Thetreatment couldnotdiffermorewidelythanit does,buttheLikenessisthesame, whetheritbetheJudgeinMajesty thatisportrayedforus,orthegentle Saviourgatheringthechildrenround HimasHepreached,WhatistheoriginOfthisLikenessandonwhatdoes itultimatelydepend?

Itisnodoubttothemosaicsinthe churchesthatweowethepreservation ofthistypethroughthelongperiodof thedecadenceofart.Whenartrevivedinthefourteenthcenturywith theRenaissanceinItaly,thegreat paintersofthatday,Giotti,forinstance,andCimabue,drewmostOf theirinspirationfromtheimperishable mosaicsintheRomanchurches.But thoughthesemosaicskeptalivethetraditionoftheLikeness,theydidnotoriginateit.Itwasalreadyanaccepted typebeforetheearliestofthemwas made.TheoneinStaPudenzianais generallyacceptedastheoldestof these,anditsdateis398.Formerly itusedtobethoughtthatwecould carrybackthetraditionalLikenessbeyondthepeaceoftheChurch,tothe timesofpersecutionandtheCatacombs.Thatideamustnowbegiven up.Itistrue,ofcourse,thatthere arepaintingsofOurLordtobefound intheCatacombs,evenintheoldestof them.Thereis,forinstance,one whichisverywellknowninthe CemeteryofDomitilla,onavault whichgoesbacktotheearlysecond centuryIfnotindeedtothefirst.This profilehasbeenclaimedasbeingof thesamedateasthevaultonwhich itispainted,anduntillatelytheclaim wasregardedaswellfounded.But nowitisacknowledgedbytheleading archaeologistsofRomeitselfthatit, too,isonlyofthefourthcentury.Obviouslytheearlydateofamonument doesnotnecessarilyinvolvethatthe decorationuponitisofthesame dateasthebuildingitself,andthisis espeCiallytrue*henthedecoration takestheformofpainting.Insome cases,althoughthevaultitselfmaygo backtotheearliestyearsofChristianityinRome,thepainteddecoration doesnotgobackfurtherthanthemiddleofthefourthcentury,orevenlater. TheoldestrepresentationsofOur BlessedLordinartarepurelyideal. Heappearsasayoungman,withno beard,HishairarrangedintheRoman andnotintheEasternstyle,Hisdress generallyonlyasimpleandshorttunic. SometimesHeisrepresentedunderthe formofapaganmyth,anOrpheus,for instance,charmingthebeastswithhis music,butmostoftenastheGood Shepherdbearingonhisshouldersthe lamb.Thereisclearlynoattemptat portraiture:theobjectoftheartist hasonlybeentoexpressnobilityof character,theworkoftheRedemption andtheeternalyouthoftheWordof God.

Aboveisthephotographicnegative revertingthecolour,andgivingusin actualfactaphotographoftheFaceof ChristatthemomentthatHewas takendownfromtheCross.

TherewereportraitsofOurLordin existencelongbeforeConstantine,but itisverydoubtfulhowfaranyof themwereauthentic.Therewereprobablyfewifanyportraitpaintersin PalestineatthetimeofChrist,forthe Jewshadstrongprejudicesagainst portraiture.AtRome,ofcourse, therewereplenty.Portraitureunder. Augustusandhisimmediatesuccessorswasatthehighestpointever reachedintheRomanworld.That isyhywehavenumberlessportraitsof St.PeterandSt.Paulandpossibly ofSt.John,butnoneofanyofthe otherApostles.ButtherewasnogenerallyacceptedLikenessofOurLord atthattime.Thatseemstofollow fromthewordsofIrenaeus,whotells usthattheCarpocratianhereticspossessedportraitsofOurLordwhich theyclaimedtobeauthentic.The factthathethoughtitworthwhileto recordthisimpliesthattherewereno genuineportraitsevenamongCatholics.AtraditionofOurLord'sappearancetheremusthavebeen,for therehasalwaysbeenaneagerdesire amongChristianstoknowwhattheir Masterwaslike,buttherewasnosingle representationwhichwasgenerally accepted.Therearerelicsnowwhich claimtogobacktotheearliesttimes: thesketchonlinenpreservedatSta PrassedeatRome,whichissaidtobe bySt.Peter;themoreimportantone atGenoawhichclaimstobebySt. Luke;theVeronicaofSanSilvestroat Rome,and,ofcourse,thestillbetter knownVeronicaatSt.Peter's.They areallofthesametypeasthatwhich weknowsowellinthemosaics,full facewiththelongstraightnoseand hairhangingoneachside.Thenthere isasecondtype,inprofile,thenose Grecianinthestraightnessofitsline withtheforeheadandthebeardshort. Thebestknownofthistypeisprobablythejewelwhich,asthestorygoes, wascutforTiberiusafterhehadreceivedPilate'sreport.Butthis,of course,isnothistory.Thereisa second,anunfinishedmosaic,thisone intheVatican,andathirdinoneof theoldestportionsoftheCatacombs, theoneofwhichwehavealreadyspoken,intheCemeteryofDomitilla. Othersareoflessimportance. Itmayperhapshelpifwerecapitulateatthispointwhatweknow,with anycertainty,aboutthissubject.

1.TheearlyChurchpossessednoportraitofChristwhichwasgenerallyacceptedasauthentic.Inconsequence thepre-Constantinerepresentationsare generallyofapurelysymboliccharacterwithnoattemptatportraiture.

2.Inthemiddleofthefourthcenturythischangessuddenly.AllaccentedLikenessofChristappearintwo forms.

3.Byfarthemoreimportantofthese twoformsisthefullface,ofwhichthe mostnotabletypeisinthemosaicsof theRomanbasilicas.

4.Alltheseportraitsagreeinbeing absolutelyfullface,withalong straightnose,amoustacheandparted beard,andhairfallingtotheshouldersoneitherside.Theeyebrows arearched.

5.Thoseportraitswhichrepresent OurLordassufferinggenerallyhavea markedwoundontheright-handpart oftheforehead,andotherbloodstains onthecheeksandhair. Itwouldseemtofollowfromtheuniformityofthesecharacteristicsthatin themiddleofthefourthcenturythere

oecameknownsomeportraitofChrist ofundoubtedauthenticitywhichhas thesecharacteristicfeatures,andthat thisistheoriginofthetraditional Likenessasithasbeenhandeddown throughthecenturies.

Nowletusconsiderwhetherthe HolyShroudmaynotprovideuswith answertoourproblem.Itwould havebeenpresumablyinthemiddle ofthefourthcenturythatitwas broughtfromitshiding-placeatJerusalem.Therepilgrimswhowent,as weknowtheydidgoingreatnumbers, tovisittheHolySepulchreandthe RelicsoftheTrueCross,wouldhave seenit.Theywillhaveseenjustwhat weseenowontheShroud,thetwo images,possiblyalittle'darkerthanat present,fortheymayhavefadedas thecenturieshavepassed.Allowing forthefactthatalltheportraitsare translationsoftheoriginalimageson theShroud,fromnegativetoposi- tive,andnotactualreproductions, andallowingalsothatChristisrepre- sentedinmostoftheseportraitsastriumphantandnotassuffering,allthecharacteristicpointswehavementionedarepresent.Wehavethefull faceposition,thestraightnose,the moustacheandparted'beard,thearchedeyebrows,thehairhangingtothe shoulders.Moreover,wehavethe bloodstainsontheforeheadwhichreappearssonotablyintheVeronicasat GenoaandRome.ThereisnostrikingpeculiarityintheShroudwhichis notfaithfullyreproducedinthefourthcenturyportraits.Expressionisnaturallylacking,formenofthatagecould notreadanegativeportraitanymore thanwecanto-day,noragain,ismosaic thebestmediumforrenderingexpression.Theywere,however,assisted bythefactthattheShroudisnot whollynegativephotographically,but thehair,eyebrows,moustacheandthe stainsofbloodarealldarkuponit justastheywouldbeinnature.

Thecoincidenceswehavenotedare somarkedthatweseemjustifiedin puttingforwardtheclaimthatinthe HolyShroudwehavefoundtheoriginalfromwhichallourideasofthe LikenessofChristareultimatelyderived.Fromthearchaeologistspoint ofview,thecaseseemscomplete.But onemustrecognisethatthisispre- eminentlyasubjectfortheartiststo discuss,anditisnotforonewhoisuntrainedintheartofportraitureto:'nticipatetheirverdict.Butatleastwe maysaythattheevidenceissufficienttojustifyaverycarefulexamination.

Wecomebackthentothesecond typeofearlyportraitsofChrist,the onewhichportraysHiminprofile.Is thisasecondtraditionbywhichwe maycheckthefirst,orisitonlyanotherformofthesametradition?Here againonecanonlystateanopinion, andanopinionwhichisnotthatofan expert.Thereisnonewcharacteristicbroughtout,anditwouldseem thatinthesewehaveonlyanadapta- tionoftheothers,showingthesame 'faceinprofileinsteadoffullface.They wouldpresumablybelaterthanthose whichshowthefullfaceandmayhe assignedattheearliesttotheearly fifthcentury.Thefactthattheyall showthepureGreciannosebetrays theirByzantineorigin.Thereisone markeddifferencebetweentheearliest RomantypeoftheLikenessandthat whichObtainedatConstantinople.It

(ContinuedonPage18.1

freeusfromthenecessityofpresent tragedies.

TheWarandGod'sJustice

Puzzled,Sydney.

Q.Godissupposedtobejust.

R.Itisnecessarytobeginwiththe straightoutstatement:Godisjust. Therecanbenoquestionofmeresupposition.IfGodwerenotjust,He wouldnotbeGodatall.SinceCod doesexist,therefore,Godisjust.

DERBY'S

MURRAYSTREET,PERTH.

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TurfCommissionAgent 802HAYSTREET. AGENTFORW.A.CHARITIES BingB5841andBS236.

B RENNANS OULDER LIMITED

FORQUALITYDRAPERY. LADIES'ANDGENTS' CLOTHING MANCHESTERAND FURNISHINGS

Q.Why,then,doesHeallowthewar tocontinue?

R.BecauseHeisjust.Firstly,Ha hasconferreduponmankindthegift offreewill,andHewon'ttakeback thatgifteventhoughmenabuseit. Secondly,Hejustlypermitsmento reaptheconsequencesoftheirown follyandmalice.Thereisnonat;on intheworldthathasbeensofaithful toGodandthemorallawastodeserve immunityfromsuffering.Andour rightattitudeinthepresenceofthe world-tragedyofto-dayisnotangs.; againstGodandtheprotestsofinjwedinnocence,buthonestself-accusation ofoursins,repentanceforthem,and theresolvetoamendourlives.

INNOCENTVICTIMS.

Q.WhydoesHepermitinnocent womenandchildrentobekilled?

R.Icannotgiveyouanentirelysatisfactoryanswertothat.Thesufferingoftheinnocentnotonlycreatesa problemforthemind;itweighsheavilyuponourheartsaswell.Weneed anintellectualexplanationofit,but snorealso.Weneedtobeconsoledin ,urdistress,andsolongasourhearts arehumantheywillnotfindconsolation'inthisworld.

However,Iwillgiveyoutwopoints thatmayhelpyoutounderstandto somedegree.Inthefirstplace,whereverthereisquestionofnationaldisastersorpunishments,theinnoc:nt willsufferwiththeguilty.Thatis inaccordancewiththelawofsocial solidarity.IfGodpermitsacivi',..ationwhichdespisesHislawstodestroyitself,sufferingwillcomeupon theindividualswhnmakeupthat civilisationwithoutd..-oriminaton.

However,takingthemembersofc'vilisation,notasintegralunitsofasociety,'butasindividualswithanin-

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TheSchoolprovidesasoundeducationonmodernlinesinallbranches ofstudy.Thepupilsarepreparedforallexaminations.TheSchoolis beautifullysituatedbetweenOceanandRiver,inextensivegrounds, withfineplayingfieldsandprivateSwimmingPoolinRiver. Telephone:F2135. Apply- MOTHERSUPERIOR.

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dividualdestiny,Iseenoexplanation oftheirsufferingthatfitsinwiththe justiceofGodifthislifebeall.But thislifeisnotall.Andinetern:ty therewillberoomfo:crmpensations notpossibleinthisworld.Thataspectofthesubjectprovidesuswith someconsolation,thoughitdoesnot

BriefPoints

AS.,ForestLodge.

Q.Doessmokingbreakone'sfast?

It.N. One'sfastisbrokenbyeat.

.,drinking.

Q.Doesoonfessionofsintreeonefrom theobligationofrepairingwilful damage,orofpayinghisdebts?

R.No.Norcouldapriestgive absolutiontoonewhorefusedtorepair wilfuldamageortopayhisdebts,if thematterwereatallserious.

Q.DoPlenaryIndulgencesallowany persontobreaktheCommandments ofGod?

R.No.Thereisnopoweronearth orinheaventhatcangivepermission toanyonetocommitadeliberateFi-s, howeversmallthesinmayseem.Now, yourfurtherquestionsseemtoconceits theactualconductofanotherperson. andIcannottakeitforgrantedthat yourestimateofhismotivesorrelsonsibilityiscorrect.Imust,there'ort, referyouelsewhereforadvice.

TRYINGALLCHURCHES.

REFLECTING.

Q.Ihavebeengoingtochurchfor yearsnow,justtoanyProtestant Church,wherevariousfriendstake me, R.Thesenseofreligiousdutythat takesyoutodivineworshipIcanon.), commend.Butyourindifferenceas towhatchurchyouattendindicates aneedformoreprecisethoughtcathe subjectofreligion.IfGodhadsaid, "Bereligious,andIleaveittoyourselvesastohowyouwillberel;gious," yourattitudewouldbeintelligible.But Godneversaidthat.HesentHis only-begottenSonintothisworld,and thatDivineSontaughtvery"definite doctrinesandmoralobligations,establishingHisChurchtocontinueHis workintheworldafterHisdeparture. OnewhobelievesinChristisobliged tofindandbelongtotheiretrue ChurchJesusHimselfestablished,commissioned,andguaranteed.

Intheend,ofcourse,wehaveto admitthatthereisajustGod,and thattherearesufferings.Ifwecannotreconcilethesethingstoourown satisfaction,theonlythingtodoisto admitthatthehumanminddoesnot knowall;anditisreasonabletobe contentnottounderstandall,leaving thefinalsolutiontoGod.Butitis notreasonabletodenyeitherGod's justiceortherealityofsuffering.We canbuttrytoalleviatesuffering,and enrudebravelywhatwecannotalleviate.Andthatweshoulddowithout complaint,withresignationtoGod's will,andinaspiritofpenanceforour manysins.

Q.Lately,IhavebeenstayingwithCa. thclics,andgoingwiththemtotheir Church.

R.Iamgladofthat,ifonlybecause ithassetyouthinkingaboutaproblemwhichhasnotapparentlyinterestedyousufficientlyuntilnow.

SADDIVISIONS.

Q.ItseemsfunnytomethatChristiansshoulddiffersointheirbeliefs.

R.Ofcourseyoudonotmeanthat itisamusing,butthatitseemsstrange. Nowtheirdiversitiesinbeliefwould bestrange,indeed,iftheyallbelongedtooneandthesameChurch.A Churchthatclaimstopossessand teachdivinetruthmustbeconsistent initsteachings,forconsistencyisthe hall-markoftruth.Butthedifferent churchesthatprofesstobeChristian arenotunited.TheyarequitediAtinctfromoneanother.Andwhen younoticethebasicdifferencebetween them,youoweittoGodandtoyour ownsoultogointothequestion,and makeupyourmindastowh' churchesarewrong.

Q.IoftenwonderwhyProtestantsand Catholicsdiffersooverwhatistomy wayofthinkingthemostimportant thinginChristianworship,the Lord'sSupper.

R.Youarerightinregardingthe Lord'sSupper,ortheEucharist,asthe mostimportantthinginChristianworship.ThereasonwhyProtestants andCatholicsdifferconcerningthe natureoftheLord'sSupper,andits placeinChristianworship,mustbe soughtintheattitudeofthefounders ofthevariouschurches,orsubsequent influencesduringsucceedingcenturies. MostmodernChristianstakethe churchoftheirbirth,anditsteachings forgranted.Butthesightofsuch greatandfundamentaldifferences shouldmakethemaskwhofounded thedifferentchurches,whetherthe foundersofthemwerejustified,and whethertheirparticularteachingsare correct.

PapalWar-Influence

"WorriedandinDoubt,"Chatswood:

Q.IstheChurch'sspiritualhome, Rome,havinganyinfluenceonthe wayCatholicsthroughouttheworld arethinkingonthiswar?

R.Youareaskingquestionsabout eachofwhichwholebookscouldbe written.Tothisparticularquestion Icouldanswersimplyyes,andletit goatthat.But,ifIamtohelpyou, 1mustgiveyoumuch-neededexplanationstoclearuptheconfusionofyour ideas.

Inthefirstplace,whenyouspeakof Rome,youmean,ofcourse,notpoliticalRomeastheheadoftheItalian State,butVaticanCityandthePope.

Secondly,itiswelltonotethatthe truthoftheCatholicChurchisnotdependentontheamountofinfluence shehasonCatholics,whetherinregard tothewaroranyothermatter.For theinfluenceoftheChurchiseffective onlytothedegreeinwhichindividual memberswillallowittoaffectthem.

IfthevastmajorityofCatholicsrefusedtosubmittotheinfluenceofthe Church,thatwould'benoargument againstthetruthoftheChurch.After all.AlmightyGodhasgiventheten commandments.Ifthemajorityof menrefusetoobservethosecommandments,thatdoesnotmakeGodany lessGod.

Thirdly,thoseCatholicswhodoallowtheinfluenceofRometoaffect them,mostcertainlyhavetheir thoughtsaboutthiswargivenvery definitedirection,thoughnotprecisely inallthewaysyouwouldwish.That, ofcourse,doesnotnecessarilymake theinfluenceofRomewrong.Infact, itwouldbeaverybadthingifthe Popedidnothaveaclearerviewof thingsthanindividualsbelongingto neorotherofthebelligerentparties; individualswithinadequateinformation,andwiththeirjudgmentobscuredbystrongfeelingandanxiety.

AMERICANISOLATIONISTS.

Q.Itiswellknownthattheleaders ofthe"NohelpforEnglandandRussiagroups"inAmericaareCatholics. R.Firstly.thatisnottrue.The leadersoftheisolationistsinAmerica, suchasSenatorBurtonK.Wheeler, Lindberg,andothers,arenotCatholics. Secondly,althoughmanyleadingCatholicssupportedtheisolationistmovementtopreventAmericahavinganythingtodowiththiswar,theydidso, notasCatholics,butasAmericancitizensquiteentitledtodosopriorto America'sactualinvolvement.And theirattitude,muchasyouandImay havedislikedit,hasnobearingonthe truthorotherwiseoftheCatholicreligion.

Q.IamnotinterestedinRussia,but IaminterestedinaBritishvictory. R.SoamI.Butwemustnotblame peoplewhoowenoallegiancetoour ownEmpirefornotsharingouraspirations,evenwereitasbadasthat. ButevenbeforeAmerica'sentryinto thewar,theisolationiststheredidnot wishaBritishdefeat.Theywanted tokeepAmericaoutofthewar.But they'didnotwantEnglandtolosethe war.Theymerelyarguedthattheyhadnoobligationtoseethatshedid not.That,ofcourse,hasallbeen changednow.

ISCHRISTIANITYATSTAKE?

Q.WithoutRussiawecannothopeto gainthevictory.IfCatholicspersistintheirstrangeattitude,what hopeisthereforChristianity?

R.IadmitthatCatholicsthroughout theworldadoptanattitudetowards Russiathatdiffersfromtheirattitude towardsEngland.ForRussiaherself hasdeclaredwaronreligion,andhas notchangedherattitudeonthatquestion.Everyunbiasedobservermust admit,therefore,thatRussiahasdone

littletodeserveorwinCatholicsympathy.Catholicshaveeveryreason tofearanincreasedandunchecked powerinthehandsofRussia.However,apartfromthat,RussiahasadmittedthatshehasreceivedfromEnglandandAmericaallthewarmaterial sheexpected.Andweareleftwith thewishthatshewouldgiveusthe helpweneedinourwarwithJapan: atleasttotheextentofusingherEasternbasesinSiberiaforanattackon Japanitselfinordertoforceherto keepherarmy,navy,andairforceat home.Butmilitarystrategyisoutsidethescopeofmytalks.Yourlast remarksuggeststhat,unlesswegain thevictory,thereisnohopeforChristianity.NoonewhoisaChristian couldbelievethat.ForChristsaid thatthegatesofhellwillnotprevail againstHisChurch,andthatHewill bewithitalldaystilltheendofthe world.Christianitywillsurviveall right,whoeverwins.Ofcourse,it maybewithdiminishednumbers,and withthetaskofreconvertingalmost thewholeworld.Butthatisgoing tobehertaskinanycase.Foreven aBritishvictorywillbeavictoryfor nationalandnotreligiousinterests. Ourownalliednationsarenotfighting forChristianity.Theyarefightingfor theirveryexistence,andIhopethey win.But,fromtheviewpointof Christianity,thingsareverycomplicated.Itistruethatoneofourenemies,theNaziregimeinGermany,is bitterlyanti-Christian.Butitistrue thatoneofourallies,Russia,isbitterly anti-Christian.AndthevastmajorityofpeopleintheBritishEmpireare atbestonlynominallyChristianwho arenotsufficientlyinterestedinChristianitytowanttoliveuptoit,and canscarcelybecreditedwithanyenthusiasticdesiretopreserveit.And theChurchwillfinditasgreatatask toconvertnominalChristiansasitwill

toconvertanti-Christians.Wemust behonest,andnotidentifyourdesire tosurviveasnationsinthisworld withanheroicunselfishdevotedness tothereligionofChrist.

SYMPATHYFORCOMMUNISM.

Q.Dr.Ryanwouldhavedonebetter tolectureonthesinsofHitlerism ratherthanonthesinsofCommunism.

R.Histalkswereconditionedbythe questionssenttohim.AndasCommunistsweremoreactiveinthiscountrythanNazis,itisbutnaturalthat morequestionsshouldbeaskedconcerningtheconflictbetweenCatholic principlesandCommunistteachings thanconcerningthedifferencesbetweenCatholicismandNazism.

Q.AtvarioustimesIhaveheardhim linkHitler,Stalin,andMussolinitogether.Isthisadecentthingtodo, seeingthatmillionsofRussiansare spillingtheirblood?

R.:TheRusiansarenotspillingtheir bloodforthesakeofreligion.Dr. Ryanwasconcernedwithreligion.In variousways,Hitler,Stalin,andMussolini,even!though'unequally,have shownthemselveshostiletotheChurch.

Q.AsaChristian,heshouldhavefelt hisheartstirredbytheRussians' magnificentsacrifice.

R.:One'sbeingaChristiandoesnot affectthatmatter.Asaman,apart fromreligionaltogether,onecanadmireheroismindangeranddevotednesstoone'scountry,whetheronthe partoffriendsorenemies. Ifone doesviewthingsasaChristian,he canbutregretthattheRussianshave notthehighermotivesoftheChristian religionintheirsacrifices,andhecan buthopethat,whethertheywinor lose,theRussianswillchangetheirattitudetowardsChristianityinfuture times.

ThePopeandGod

Hcnour,WhereDue,"Spdney

Q.CatholicsregardthePopeastheir leader,andaresubjecttohim.Where doesGodcomein?

R.:CatholicsregardthePopeasthe supremespiritualheadoftheirChurch onearth.ThevisibleChurchinthis worldmusthaveasupremefinalauthoritysomewhereinthisworld.To thePopeweCatholicsaresubjectin mattersofreligiousfaithandmoral conduct.WheredoesGodcomein?

ItisGod'sownprovisionforHis Church,andweareobeyingGodinacceptingtheprovisionHehasmade. GodsentHisSonintothisworldto teachusthetruth.Christestablished andsenttheCatholicChurchtocon-

tinuetoteachwhatHehadtaught.lie appointedSt.Peterandhissuccessors tobesupremerulersoftheChurch throughtheages.ThePopeisthe successorsofSt.Peterto-day.He obeysGodindischarginghisduties, andweobeyGodinacknowledgingthe Pope'sspiritualauthority.

Ifakingsendsanambassadortohis subjects,youwouldnotcomplainthat thesubjectsobeyedtheambassador, cryingout,"Wheredoesthekingcome in?"Thekinghimselfwouldsay,"I amexercisingmyauthoritythrough theambassador."So,too,weCatholicsknowthatGodexercisesHisauthoritythroughthePopeonreligious andspiritualmatters.

FascismandCatholicism

L.Walker,Croydon:

Q.OnDecember14last,Dr.RyanviolentlyattackedStalinandCommunism,andHitlerandtheNaziParty.

R.Someonemusthaveimprudently askedhimwhethertheirprinciples couldbereconciledwithCatholicteaching.

Q.ButhesaidnothingaboutMussoliniandhismillionsofFascistfollowers,ItalianRomanCatholics.

R.Itisnotnecessarytogobeyond thescopeofthequestionsubmitted. TheenquirerdidnotaskaboutMussoliniandItalianFascism.

Q.WhathaveyoutosayaboutMussoliniandhiscrowd?

R.Nothinginthissession,unlesslistenerschoosetoputquestionstome aboutthemfromthereligiousviewpoint.Mussolini'sFascism,ofcourse, differsfromStalin'sCommunismand Hitler'sNazismwherereligionisconcerned.Stalin'sCommunismwantsto excludereligionaltogether.Hitler's NazismwantstoexcludetheChristian religion,yetusethereligiousinstinct intheserviceoftheStatebycreating apaganworshipoftheGermannation itself.Mussolini'sFascismwantsaCorporateStateinwhichtheCatholicreligionwillbeallowedtofunction,but onlyinsubordinationtotheState. Shouldtherebeaconflictbetweenthe CatholicChurchandtheFascistState, Stateinterestsmustcomefirst.In theLateranTreatyof1929,Mussolini modified(onpaper)hisdemands,promisingduesafeguardstothereligious rightsoftheChurch,andofCatholic education.ButPopePiusXI.soon hadtoprotestthattheFascistswere notobservingtheirpromises,thatin practicetheywerepropagatingtheworshipoftheStateratherthanofGod. andthattheformulaoftheFascist oathwhichtheywerecompellingeven childrentomakewasquiteunlawful bothfromtheviewpointofnaaral moralityandChristianprinciple.Amin fromitsreligiousexcesses,thereis nothingwrongwiththeFascistidea oftheCorporateStateintheory.

werenothingtotheviciouscruelty andatrocitiescommittedbyyour Churchtosuppresswhatyoucall heresyatthetimeoftheReformation,andallinthenameofChrist.

R.:YouwouldprobablybesurprisedifItoldyouthatyouhadabiased outlook.I'msureyouhonestlybelievethatyourviewsareutterlyimpartial.Yetyourverystatement betraysbias,anditisthemoredangeroustorightthinkingbecauseyou areunconsciousofit.Youadmit Sovietatrocitiesbecauseyouarehonest,butyouwhitewashthemasmerely "mistakes"becauseyouarebiased. WhenyourthoughtsturntotheCatholicChurchyouarenotsolenient. Nordoyoumakesurethatyourinformationisaccurate.Idonotdeny thatduringtheSpanishInquisition, establishedatthetimeoftheReformationinordertopreventtheunderminingofSpainasaCatholicState,many officialsabusedtheirpowersandwere guiltyofexcesses.ButIdoassert thatthoseexcesseshavebeengreatly exaggerated,deceivingpeopleintothe intemperatelanguageyouyourselfuse. AndIdodenythatsuchexcessesas

didoccurwereaccoluaigtotheteachingsoftheCatholicChurch,orsank tionedbyherauthority.Intact PopealterPopeprotestedagainst them.Now,thatisallIcanspare forthepresent.

Doyouwishtohelpeducateapriest forworkinWesternAustralia?Make aregularannualcontributiontohelp anindigentstudent.

.4.0.4.04.04PW444.0.4.0.04411.1

hereagain,practiceduesnottititwith theory;andtheenslavementofthe people,togetherwiththeunjustr:-strictionoflawfulpoliticalinfaence onthepartoftheenslavedworkers,is quiteopposedtoCatholicteaching.

* * * *

CHRISTANDTHEU.S.S.R.

Q.:Itappearstomethattheonly countryintheworld,inthisorany otherage,thathasreallyattempted toputintopracticetheteachingsof ChristisSovietRussia, R.SucharemarkshowslittleknowledgeofSovietRussia,andstillless oftheteachingsofChrist.TheleadersofSovietRussiathemselveshave betterunderstoodtheteachingsof Christthanyoudo.Theyknowhow utterlyopposedtotheirsystemare thoseveryteachings.Theyhatethem, andwanttoeradicatethem.They knowthatChristcameprimarilyto savemen'ssouls,andtheyridicule that.TheyknowthatHeinsistson supernaturalandspiritualideals,whilst theywantonlynaturalandmaterial progress.TheyknowthatHeoffers menaheavenlydestinyineternity. Theysneeratthatas"pieinthesky whenyoudie,"andtheyrenouncethe heavenlydestinyineternityforearthlyinterestsintime.Theyabsolutely denyHisteachingsaboutGod,about Himself,aboutsinandgrace,about theChurch,aboutman'struedestiny, abouttherelativevaluesofheavenand earth;andthenyousayyouthinkthey haveattemptedtoputHisteachings intopracticeasnooneelse.Iwish youwouldwriteandtellmeexactly whatyouimaginetheteachingsof Christtobe.Youevidentlyadmire Christ,soIpresumeyouhavetriedto formulateHisteachingsforyourself. I'dbeverygladifyouwouldsetdown yourconclusionsandsendthemtome forcomment.

COMPARATIVEBIAS.

Q.:NodoubttheSovietGovernment mademanymistakesandcommitted manyhorribleexecutions;butthese

...TheArtof

InthedaysbeforethelastEuropean Wartheword"camouflage"-which comesfromtheFrenchverb"camoufler"-belongedonlytotheslangof thieves.Itmeanttodressoneselfup, ordisguiseoneself,toescaperecognitionbythepolice.Later,whenFrench womentooktomaking-uptheirfaces inthemodernmanner,theyalsotook thethieves'slangwordasaneasyway ofdescribingthewholebusiness.Then. whenthelastEuropeanWarwasonly threemonthsold,acoupleofFrench artists,servingtogetherinthesame artillerybattery,wentonebetterthan theirwomen-folkandappliedtheirart tomakingtheirgunsunrecognisable.

Inmostotherarmiestheseartistic gunnerswoulddoubtlesslyhavebeen severelyreprimandedfortakinglibertieswithgovernmentproperty,but theFrenchbeinganationofindividualists,thenewcamouflageidea appealedtotheimaginationofthebatterycommanderand,asaresultofhis enthusiasm,thefirstmonthof1915 sawtheofficialestablishmentofa"SectiondeCamouflage"asaunitofthe FrenchArmy.TheBritishArmy, moreboundbyred-tapeandconvention,hadtowaitawholeyearlonger beforeit,too,couldboasta"camouflageservice."

Actually,theartofcamouflageisas oldascivilisation.Itwaspractised.

andinaccordancewithwhatstillremainthefundamentalprinciples,b, primitivehunterswhodisguisedthem selveswithbranchesoftreesandthe skinsofanimalsinthehopeoftaking therpreyunawares.

Broadlyspeaking,thefundamental principlescanbegroupedundertwo heads:(1)straight-forwardconcealmentofanobject,or,alternatively,the renderingofanobjectindistinguishablefromitssurroundings,and(2) disguisebystraightforwardimitation, or,alternatively,theemploymentof artificialaidstomaketheobjectmerelyunrecognisable.Ofthefirstasimpleexampleisthecoveringofagun emplacementwithfish-netting,interlacedwithfoliage,tohideitfrom aerialobservation.Ofthesecondan equallysimpleexampleisthedisguisingofafield-telegraphstationoraircraft-controlpostasahaystack.But itisthelessstraightforwardalternatives,chieflyexemplifiedinthefuturisticdesignsinmanycolours,whichpresenttothecamouflageartisthisgreatestproblemsandhisfinestopportunities.

Thereisalso"falsecamouflage"-a termwhichcoverssuchtricksasthe erectionofdummyfortificationsto drawenemyfirefromtherealones, ortheoldandsimpleexpedientofexposingahatorhelmettotempta

ForYourHome...

CA1

snipertodisclosehisposition.Similarly,dummyloopholesmaybepainted onthewallofafortresswhichcannot bedisguised,orimitationgun-barrels maybedisplayedwithapparentcarelessnelesatsomeotherwisedeserted pointofthebattlefront.

Onatleastoneoccasionduringthe warof1914-18silhouettesofsoldiers,cut outofstrongcardboard,wereraised andloweredatintervalstocreatethe illusionofwavesoftroopscoming "overthetop."AndattheBattleof theRiverEbro,duringtheSpanish CivilWar,theRepublicansstretched longstripsofclothacrosstheriverand therebycausedFranco'sairmento wastemanytonsofbombswhichwould otherwisehavebeenaimedatthereal pontoonbridges.

Onthewhole,however,this"false camouflage"islittlemorethanagame, tobeplayedbyanybody,andgoverned bynorulesotherthantheexigencies ofthemomentandthecircumstances ofenvironment.

Camouflageproperisamoreserious business.Theexperienceofallthe warswhichhavebeenfoughtduring thelastquarterofacenturyhasnow beenreducedtoasystem;military camouflagehasbecomeasciencewith well-definedrules,andlikemostsciencesitcandoharminsteadofgood whenitisimperfectlyunderstood. Thislaststatementwillbeappreciated ifwetakeasanillustrationanordinarymilitarytransportvehicle.Merely topaintitsroofandsideswithirregularpatchesofvariouscoloursismore likelythannottobeawasteoftime andofpaint.Ifthepatchesofcolouraresmall,orifthecoloursareuniformintoneanddensity,thecamouflageeffectwillbeentirelylostateven ashortdistance;andifnoregardis paidtothedirectionofthecolour patches,thevehiclemayeasilybemade morenoticeablewithitscamouflage thanwithoutit.

Thefirstrulewhichthecamouflage artisthastoobserveisonewhichlays itdownthatinanycamouflagedobject theplanesofbothcolourandcontour mustbeparraleltotheplanesofthe immediatelandscape.Appliedparticularlytomotor-lorriesthisrule meansallobjectswhicharedestined forlongitudinalcamouflage,andthe longitudinalpatchesofcolourmust beboldindesignand"contrasty"in tone.Actually,thebestwaytocamouflageroadvehiclesistopaintthe nearorlefthalfofthevehiclegrassgreenandtherighthalfdust-grey; whenattackfromtheairisimminent thedrivercanthenblendhislorry intothelandscapebyrunningithalf ontothegrassedgeoftheroad.Perhapsitmaybearguedthatthisblendingintothelandscapewouldfailif thelorryhappenedtobeinacity street,butlorriesareonlylikelyto attractattentionfromtheairorbe singledoutforattackwhenonthe openroad.

Wheretheobjecttobecamouflaged isfixed,asinthecaseofaeroplane hangars,factories,storagetanksand warehouses,itisnotenoughthatthe designandcolourofthecamouflage shouldbefittedtothesurroundings. Naturemustbefurtherimitatedby theavoidanceofbalanceincontour andregularityinoutline,andspecial caremustbegiventoshadows.In thecaseoftemporaryfixtures-dumps, huts,strongpoints,controlstations, observationpostsandthelike-and wherestraightforwardimitationofa definitenaturalobjectisnotpossible, thesitechosenshould,ifpossible,be totheimmediatesouthofahedge,a clumpoftrees,orawall,sothatthe naturalobjectwillabsorborotherwise "kill"theshadowoftheartificialobject.Ifnosuchnatural"shadowabsorbers"areavailable,theshadowdangermaybeminimisedbythechoice ofaploughedfieldorotherequally darkbackground,andifneitheralternativeispossible,shadowscanbe "killed"ordisguisedinshapebyburningpatchesofthesurroundinggrass. Inthesedaysofphotographicreconnaisancefromtheair,thelightand shadeeffectofcamouflageisasimportantascolour:thisgivesanadditional emphasistotheimportanceofcontrast. Withobjectsexposedtodirectartilleryfireitisalsoessentialthatstraight contoursshouldasfaraspossiblebe "blinded"bycamouflageandthatcolourpatchesshouldbeblendedinto eachotherinordertoavoidsharp edges.Thisisbecauserange-finding nowadaysisonthe"double-image" ystem,andifatargethasnoclearcut

colourlinesorwell-definedcontourson whichtheapparatuscanbereadily focussed,accuraterange-findingis mademoredifficult.

Withafixedoreventemporarily fixedobject,thecamouflagemustnot beconfinedtotheactualobject.All pathsleadingtoitmustbemadeinvisibleorextendedbymeansoffalse pathspassingbeyondtheobject.And inthecaseofbatterypositions,care mustbetakentoconcealnotonlythe gunflashes,butalsotheeffectofblast onthesurroundingvegetation.

Choiceofcolourandtheactual natureofthecolouringmatterare otherimportantfactors.Formarine camouflage,orthe"dazzle-painting"of ships,experiencehasshownthatthe onlyusefulcoloursareblueandgrey offorvaryingintensities,withplainwhite contrastand,asalreadymentioned, thebestcoloursforroadvehiclesare igress-greenanddust-grey,applied longitudinallyinmoreorlessequal "halves."Butforgeneralpurposes colourscanbestandardisedandgroupedunderthreeheads:(1)thatofthe predominatinglocalvegetation,(2) thatofthelocalearth,and(3)anap- propriate(lightordark)neutraltint forachievingcontrast.Asforthe paintitself,thisshouldnotbetheordinarymixtureofoilandcolouring matter.Water-paint,distemper,dyestuffsandordinarylime-washessuitablycolouredarepreferablefortwo importantreasons:(1)theygivethe essentialmattsurface,and(2)they arenotinflammable.Thislastisparticularlyimportantinthecaseofartilleryscreensandobjectslikelytobe shelledor'bombed.

Colouringmatter,however,isnotalwaysnecessary.Hay,transplanted bushes,loosefoliage(whichmustbe constantlyrenewed),turfstacks,and falsewallscanoftenbeusedwithadvantage.Otherusefuldisguisescan beachievedwithwire-netting(interlacedwithstripsofvariousmaterials1, hurdles,open-meshcanvas,empty sacks,mattingandthatch,andwhere tariseasilyavailablestillanother handymethodistopainttheobject withtarandsprinkleloosehayorchaff overitwhilethetarisstillsticky.

Finallythereistherule,alwaysto beborneinmind,thatgoodcamouflageissaferthanbadcover.

WowOldis YourChurch?

IfyouareaLutheran,yourreligion wasfoundedbyMartinLuther,anexmonkoftheCatholicChurch,inthe year1517.

IfyoubelongtotheChurchofEngland,yourreligionwasfoundedbyKingHenryVIII.intheyear1534,becausethePopewouldnotgranthima divorcewiththerighttore-marry.

IfyouareaPresbyterian,yourreligionwasfoundbyJohnKnoxinScotlandintheyear1560.

IfyouareaProtestantEpiscopalian, yourreligionwasanoffshootofthe ChurchofEngland,foundedbySamuelSeaburyintheAmericancolonies intheseventeenthcentury.

IfyouareaCongregationalist,your religionwasoriginatedbyRobert BrowninHollandin1582.

IfyouareaMethodist,yourreligion waslaunchedbyJohnandCharles WesleyinEnglandin1744.

IfyouareaUnitarian,Theophilus LindleyfoundedyourChurchinLondonin1774.

IfyouareaMormon(LatterDay Saints),JosephSmithstartedyourreligioninPalmyra,N.Y.,in1829.

IfyouareaBaptist,youowethe tenetsofyourreligiontoJohnSmyth, wholauncheditinAmsterdamin1606.

IfyouareoftheDutchReformed Church,yourecogniseMichaelisJones asfounder,becauseheoriginatedyour religioninNewYorkin1628.

IfyouworshipwiththeSalvation Army,yoursectbeganwithWilliam BoothinLondonin1865.

IfyouareaChristianScientist,you lookto1879astheyearinwhichyour religionwas'bornandtoMrs.Mary BakerEddyasitsfo':nder.

IfyouareaCatholic,youknowthat yourreligionwasfoundedinthevear 33byJesusChristtheSonofGod, andthatithasnotchangedsincethat time.

HEtragicdeathfromsuffocation ofagirl,aged15,inacity hostelduringadrunkenorgy withsailors,revealsastateof affairswhichisappallingbeyondwords.Thefactthatthisepisodeendedfatallyforonepartymight seemtoindicatethatitwasanexceptionalcase,butthisunhappilyisnot so.EarlyinthemonthitwasreportedbythepoliceandmilitaryinSycl ney:"InHydeParkonanynight thereispromiscuousdrinkinginwhich younggirlstakepart."Aboutthe sametime,seniorFederalMinistersin Melbourne"wereshockedatthenumberofdrunkenmeninuniform-and alsoatthelackofrestraintbeing shownbysomeofthem,andtheircompanions,oftengirlsinthecomparativelyearlyteens."Locally,similarobservationsweremadebytheChiefofthe C.I.B.Byabitterirony,thistragic eventhasoccurredsincetheintroductionofthesixo'clockclosingofhotels. Itthereforebehovestheprohibitionists tobeaslogicalandaspersistentinthe protectionofyounggirlsastheyhave beenoverthedebatableissueofthe bestmethodofcontrollingexcessive drinking.

Itistruethatsomemeasureofcontrolmaybeachievedbypolicemeasuressuchasanextensionoftheranks ofpolice-womenandthearrestingof younggirlscourtingtroublebystreetwalking.Butinthefinalanalysis, everymeasurewillbedefeatedbyparentallaxity.Ifparentsaresomorallyobtuseorsostupidlyliberalasto permityoungdaughterstoroamthe streetsunescortedorwithcompanions notwellknowntothem,thentheconsequencesmustrestsquarelyonthe

shouldersoftheparents,andthelaw shouldprosecutethemwithfullvigour.Asanationweareindeedina sorrypass;for,ontheonehand,there aretheselfishhomeswhichhaveno children,andsowearedesperately lackinginmanpower;andontheother hand,therearethehomeswhichindeedhavechildren,butwhomtheyare unableorunwillingtocontrol.This isthesignwhichcannotbecontradicted.Anationwithouttruefamily andhomelifeisadoomednation.

Now,whilethehomeisthematterof primaryconcerninthatparentsaretoo busyoutsideit,whetherwithwar-work orwithpleasure,alargemeasureofresponsibilityforthislaxityrestsalso ontheschoolsystem.Foritisgenerallyconcededthatevenageneration ago,homelifewasonamuchmore solidbasisthanto-day.Where,then, didtherotsetin?Iftheparentsof to-dayweretheproductsofgoodhomelife,wherehastheseductiontaken

place?Themajorfactorwouldseem tobethesecularschoolsystemwherein nowordofsupernaturalreligionor evenofnaturalethicsisinculcated directly.Thepracticesofyouthbegintopalefromdivineobligationsandnationaldutiestothemerestatusof conventionswhichmaybecastaside likeoldshoes.Thereisnorecognitionof valuesbasedonobjectiveandrational considerations.Hencehomelifeand familyresponsibilitiesarelargelyin thediscardandwhatwehavesownin thewindwearereapinginthewhirlwind.

Ifitistruethatthedegenerationof present-dayyouth,indicatedbythe easewithwhichitshedsmoralrestraintsinacrisis,istobeattributed primarilytothedeclineofhomelife andtoadebasedconceptionofmarriage,itisquitelogicaltoplacerestrictionsinthewayofhastywar-time marriages,ashasrecentlybeendone bytheAmericanmilitaryouthorities.

Whilenopersonofbalancedjudgmentcouldfairlyattributethevalues oftheHollywoodfilmstotheAmericannationasawhole,yetitistrue thatthefalseoutlookpropagatedby thescreenhasbeenamajorcontributorycausetothedebasementofthe marriageideal.Apartaltogetherfrom makingdivorceappearasanormalsocialreality,oroftreatingsexualirregularitylightly,thefundamentalharm donetotheChristianoutlookandway oflifehasbeenthesubstitutionofromanceforthepracticalconsiderations whichshouldregulatemarriageand thedebasementofloveintoamere matterofsexualattraction.Itisquite obviousthat,ifmarriageisprompted merelybysentimentalaffection,then nopermanencycanbeexpected,for emotionsoftheirnatureareephemeral andpassing.Hencedivorcewillbea naturalconcomitantofsuchaview, andlittleofadeterrentnaturecanbe allegedagainstcompanionatemarriageandevenstraight-forwardpromiscuity.

Now,eveninthepipingdaysof peace,theannualdivorcefigureswere mountingsteadilyfromyeartoyear.

Su,innormaltimesanemotionbasis wasnotsufficienttostabilisethecontractofwedlock.Howmuchlessthen inthesehigh-tensiondaysofwar:If amarriagecanbedissolveden groundsofincompatabilityormental cruelty,willgreaterfidelitybeshown whenonepartnerreturnsfromthe warleglessorgassedorinsane?Quite bluntly,ourmodernshaven'tthemoral senseorstaminaequaltofacingthe "forworse"clauseofthemarriagecontract.Theylackthe"essentialguts. Hence,theprohibitionofhastywartimeweddingsisakindnesstothe partiesthemselves,andmaytendti stemimpendingnationalchaos.

Inanagecrammedwithcatch-words. whichactasasortofopiatetothe universalrestlessness,onehasbeen intonedsooftenandsoferventlythat ithasbecomesomethinginthenature ofauniversalhymn.Itistheidea ofprogress.Butradically,thatidea involvednothingmorethan"agoing forward"withtheirresistiblesweepof time.Thecompanionnotionthatthis advancewasnecessarilyameliorative andindeedinevitibleso,wassimply apieceofpseudoscientificquackeryMenofthecalibreofMr.H.G.Wells couldgliblydescribetheChurchas conservativeorreactionary,simplybecausewhentherewasaquestionofadvancing,theChurchwantedtoknow whatwasthegoal.Thatprogressis futileandchimericalwhichisattemptedwithoutaprofoundandintelligent retrogressionintothepast.Thatis whytheCatholicChurch,whoseprogressisguaranteedtotheendoftime, insistsuponreturningannuallytothe placeandtimewhereallhistoryreally began,andwhenceallhumanactivity receivesitseternalsignificance.Each yeartheChurchreturnsinpilgrimage toCalvary,where,strangelyenough. inthedeathofGod,allthingsare madenewandallmenbornagain.

Amongthehostofbewildering paradoxescontainedintheChristian Faith,noneisstranger,yetmorecertain,thanthatbywhichtheChurch restoreshervitalityandregainsher youthinthedeathofChrist.And thisissobecauseCalvaryisactually

nottheculminationofthelifeof Christ,buttheResurrectionmorning. Theattentivestudentofthelitusgy mustbestruckbythe"impatience" oftheChurchinthe"anticipated" OfficeofHolyWeek.Butjustatthis pointoftime,ifitbetruethatthe worldishome-sickforBethlehemand forNazareth,itisathousandtime: moretruethattheworldneedsapilo-imagetoCalvary.Theru.)::ofall modernheresyissentimentality,ahorridsofteningofthespirit,without strengthandwithoutgentlenessalso. Ourmodernsocialreformersarefull suggestionwhichviolateChristian principlesandwhichmakeformere comfortandspiritualflabbiness.And typicalofthisweaknessistheemotional ruthlessnesswithwhichitshallbe achieved.Thesamesymptomsofhystericalrageandabandonareevident inaneuroticwoman.

Themodernworldonpilgrimaget." Calvarycouldlearnthatpainisnot evilandthatitneednotbefutile.If theworldweresincereinitsattachmenttounconventionality,itwouldsee :rumCalvarythattheChristianreligionisanythingbutflatanddull. Aboveallelseitisarevolution,acompleteturningupsidedownofeverythingthatispractisedandacceptedb thecommonsensepeopleoftheworld. Andinthisutterreversalofvalues,the mostextraordinarythingsfindaplace. Pain,loss,loneliness,failureanddesolationofspirit-thesehaveanessential andindispensableplaceintheChristianschemeofthings.Theyarenot inthemselvesends,asthestoicsand thefakirsmakethem.Buttheyare powerfulanddecisivemeans.TheyillustratethattheChristianlifeisreally the"full"lifeinwhichaccountis madeofeverything,andtherational lifeinwhich"ought"isthekeyword ofprincipleinsteadof"feel."Above all,themodernworldcouldregenerate onCalvarytheconceptionofthemeaningoflove,whichithassodebased.It couldlearnthatloveisnotentirely ormostimportantlysensuous.That itmeansdeeds,andharddeeds,for thepersonloved.AndGodsoloved theworldthatHegaveupHisonly begottenSon,whointurnwasobedient eventothedeathoftheCross.

TheCeremoniesofHolyWeek

WiththeceremoniesofPalmSundaybeginstheliturgicalcycleofHoly Week.Thebeautyoftheelaborate,thoughrestrained,symbolismofthe manyfunctionsduringthisweekisoftencompletelylostonthecasual observerand,onlytoofrequently,littleappreciatedevenbythosedevoutpeoplefromwhomgreaterinterestwouldhavebeenexpected.The crowds,however,whichyearafteryearthrongtheCathedraltooverflowing,aresignenoughthattherearemanyforwhomashortexplanationwillbeusefulandabetterunderstandingoftheceremoniesreally appredated.

PALMSUNDAY.

ThetriumphantentryofChristinto, JerusalemandHisenthusiasticreceptionbythepopulace,musthavebeen atrueconsolationtoOurLord,aconsolationandahappinessnevertheless temperedbysadnessandtheapprehensionofthetreacheryofthosesame peoplefivedayslater.Thisdouble characteristicofhappinessanddepressionisconveyedforceablyinto-days ceremonial.TheblessinganddistributionofthepalmsbeforeMass,tothe accompanimentofthehappyshoutsattributedtotheHebrewboysof"Hosannainthehighest,"renderedbythe choir,thentheprocessionwiththepalm branchesoutsidethechurch,followed bytheinterestingceremonyatthe doorsoftheCathedral.Thedoorsare closed,theprocessionreachesthem fromtheoutside,andthehymn,"Glory, praiseandhonourbetoThee,0Christ Redeemer,"isalternatedbetween chantersontheinsideandthewhole processionoutside.Finallythecrossbearerknocksuponthedoorswiththe baseofthecross;theyareopenedand theprocessionstreamsintothechurch oncemoreasChristandtheattendant crowdstreamedintoJerusalemonthe firstSundayofthePalms.Thenthe SolemnPontificalMassbeginsand quicklyreachestheimpressivechantingofthePassionofOurLordaccord. ingtoSt.Matthewbythreedeacons standinginthesanctuary.ThisaccountofOurLord'ssufferinganddeath, aswellasthoseotherceremoniesdescribedabove,shouldbefollowedcarefullybyeveryone.Bookscontaining everythinginfullareeasytoobtain.

ThefunctiononPalmSundaywill commenceat10.46a.m.

Theministerswillbeasfollows:Celebrant:Rev.J.McGillicuddy.

Deaccn:Rev.H.Lalor.

Sul,-Deacon:Rev.P.Donnelly.

DeaconsofthePassion:

Synagogue:Rev.F.O'Reilly.

Christus:Rev.F.O'Connor.

Narrator:Rev.A.Lynch.

HOLYTHURSDAY,

OrtheThursdayoftheLord'sSupper.

Theoutstandingcharacteristicsof thisday'smostsolemnceremoniesare:

First:TheCommemorationoftheInstitutionoftheBlessedEucharistby OurLordJesusChrist.

Second:TheBlessingorConsecration oftheHolyOils.

Third:TheStrippingoftheAltar.

1.Althoughthefullliturgicalfeast dayoftheBlessedSacramenthasbeen transferreduntilafterPentecost,to CorpusChristi,itisobviousthatceremonialonHolyThursdayisessentiallyoneinhonouroftheEucharist.The whitevestments,thedecoratedaltar, thefinalpealingofthebells,allpoint toaspiritofjoyandofthanksgiving 'forthisgreatmystery,eventhoughit beshroudedonbothsidesbythesorrowfuleventsofOurLord'sPassion.

Immediatelyafterto-day'sMassa consecratedHostistakeninsolemn processiontoasidechapel,wherethe AltarofReposehasbeenprepared. HereItremainsfortheadorationof thefaithfuluntilItisbroughtbackto theHighAltaronGoodFridayforthe priest'sCommunion.Thisperiod whiletheBlessedSacramentislying intheAltarofReposeistakentosignifymysticallythetimeduringwhich theBodyofOurLordwaslyinginthe tombofGethsemane.

2.InCathedralchurchestheHoly Oilsareto-dayconsecratedbytheBishop.TheoilofthesickisblessedbeforetheCommunion,whiletheconsecrationofthechrismandtheblessing oftheoilofcatechumenstakesplace aftertheCommunionoftheMass.The impressiveceremoni,esconnectedwith this-functionrequiretheservicesofa numberofpriests,deaconsandsubdeacons,allintheirdistinctivevestments,tobringthevesselscontaining

theunconsecratedoilsbeforetheBishopandtoreturnthemagaintothe sacristyaftertheblessingshavebeen pronounced.Duringtheblessingor consecrationoftheoils,theBishopis seatedbeforeasmalltablesituatedtowardsthecentreofthesanctuary.

3.Attheconclusionoftheceremonies forHolyThursdaymorning,thecelebrantoftheMass(inthecaseofthe Cathedral,HisGracetheArchbishop) stripstheHighAltarandtheside altarsoftheirclothsandotheradornments.ThissignifiesthattheChurch isreturningonceagainwithundivided attentiontothesorrowfulcontemplationofOurLord'sPassionandDeath afterthebriefjoyfulcommemoration oftheInstitutionoftheBlessedEucharist.

ThefunctiononHolyThursday morningwillcommenceat8.45a.m.

Thesacredministerswillbeasfollows:-

Celebrant:HisGracetheArchbishop.

Archdeacon:Rt.Rev.MonsignorB. Ragan,V.G. AssistantPriest.VeryRev.E.Kennedy.

DeaconsattheThrone:VeryRev.F. Duffy,C.SS.R.,VenRev.T.Haugh, O.M.I.

Deacon:Rev.F.O'Connor.

Sub-Deacon:Rev.P.Donnelly.

SixPriestsfortheHolyOils:Rev.E. Collins,Rev.G.Hussey,Rev.J.Murphy,aRedemptoristFather,aJesuit Father,andanOblateFather.

ThreeDeaconsfortheHolyOils:Rev. J.Brennan,Rev.P.O'Sullivan,Rev. T.O'Kane.

ThreeSub-DeaconsfortheHolyOils: Rev.J.Boylan,Rev.W.Browne, Rev.C.Nolan. N.B.:Thepriests,deacons,andsubdeaconsoftheHolyOilswillplease bringtheirownvestmentsandput themonbeforeMassstartsthecolour iswhite.Thevestmentsrequiredby thepriestsaresurplice,amice,stole andchasuble.Forthedeacon,surplice,amice,stoleanddalmatic.For thesub-deacons,surplice,amiceand tunicle.

GOODFRIDAY.

ThesolemnceremoniesonGoodFriday,fromaliturgicalpointofview,are amongthemostinterestingofthe wholeyear'scycle,containingasthey domanysurvivalsofancientecclesiasticalusage.

Themorningfunctionmaybedividedanddistributedunderthefollowing headings:

1.ThereadingofpassagesfromHoly Scripture.

2.The"Bidding"prayersforalltheestatesoftheChurch.

3.TheUnveilingand"Adoration"of theCross.

4.TheMassofthePresanctified.

1.Itwasaninvariableruleafew centuriesagothattwolessonsfrom ScriptureshouldprecedetheGospel. Thisoldpracticesurvivesto-day.The passagefromtheProphetOseaand anotherfromMoses'bookofExodus precedethesingingofthePassionGospel,thistimeaccordingtoSt.John.

2.Nextweareinvitedor"bidden" bythepriesttoprayforthePope,for ourBishop,fortheclergy,forallthe faithful,forthoseunderinstructionin theChristianfaith,forpagans,andfor theJews.Theformofthese"bidding" prayersisnow-a-daysrare,althoughthe generalruleinpasttimes.Thepriest inaloud,clearvoiceenunciatestheintentionoftheprayer,thedeaconbids thepeoplekneelandpray,alittlelater thesub-deacontellsthemtoarise,and thenthepriestina"Collect"collects, asitwere,theprayersofallandina conciseformpresentsittoGod.

3.Thecharacteristicceremonyof GoodFridaynowfollows.TheCross, whichhasremainedveiledsincePassionSunday,isunveiledinthreeimpressivestagesbythepriest,assisted bythedeacon,andaftereachsuccessiveuncoveringallkneelandworship theSaviourwhoisrepresentedbyHis imageontheCross.Theunveiled crucifixisthenlaidonacushionbeforethealtarsteps,andalltheclergy cometwobytwoandafterthreesuccessivereverences,kissthefootofthe Cross.Thisistheancientceremony knowninoldertimesas"creepingto theCross."

4.ThelastpartoftheGoodFriday functionisquicklycompleted;aprocessionisformedtotheAltarofRe-

pose,andtheConsecratedHost,which wasdepositedthereyesterday,is broughtbacktotheHighAltarand thepriestconsumesItinHolyCommunion.Thisiswhatiscalledthe MassofthePresanctified,becausethere isnoOffertory,noConsecration,but onlythePriest'sCommunion,withthe SacredSpeciespre-sanctifiedorpreconsecratedthedaybefore.ThisMass concluded,thealtarsarestrippedagain, andexceptforthegleamasofarayof hopefromtheunveiledcrucifix,the Churchreturnsonceagaintothebarenessofsorrowandmourning.

thereisanyonetobebaptisedheis baptisedimmediately.

5.Theclergyreturnoncemoretothe HighAltarandthere,prostrating themselves,theyremaininprayer, whiletwochanterssingtheLitanyof theSaints.Towardstheendofthe Litaniesthesacredministersariseand, inthesacristy,changeintowhitevestmentsfortheMass.

6.ThisMasswasoriginallycelebratedjustaftermidnight,andsowas, andisstillconsidered,thefirstMass ofEasterSunday.Theonlysurvival oftheoldVigilMassthatexiststo-day istheMidnightMassatChristmas. DuringthisMassthe"Alleluia"isrestoredtotheliturgyoftheChurch.ExcludedsinceSeptuagesimaSunday,nine weeksbefore,thisshoutofpraise"Alleluia"isHebrewfor"praisebeto God"-isthesignofgreatrejoicing. Itissungthreetimesinanascending scalebythepriestandthedeacon,and thentakenupbythechoir,whowill continuetosingitwithgreatsolemnityduringtheremainderoftheChurch Year.

ThefunctiononHolySaturdaywill commenceat6.45a.m.

Thesacredministerswillbethefollowing:

('elebrant:Rev.H.Lalor.

Deacon:Rev.A.Lynch.

ThefunctiononGoodFridaymorningcommencesat10&m.

Thesacredministerswillbeasfollows:Celebrant:Rev.H.Lalor.

Deacon:Rev.C.Slowey.

Sub-Deacon:Rev.T.Ahern. AssistantsattheThrone:VeryRev.

F.Duffy,C.SS.R.,VeryRev.E.Kennedy.

Lector:Rev.V.O'Sullivan Preacher:AnOblateFather DeaconsofthePassion:AsonPalm Sunday. TheWayoftheCrossonGoodFridayafternoonat3o'clockwillhe preachedbyaRedemptoristFather

HOLYSATURDAY.

Foraproperunderstandingofthe ceremoniesofHolySaturday,itis necessarytorealisethatoriginallyall thatwenowwitnessonSaturdaymorningwasthenperformedduringthe nightprecedingEasterDay.Itwasa Vigil.Undersuchcircumstancesthe newfire,theblessingandlightingof thecandleandotherlampsofthe church,thelengthyprophecies,andthe firstEasterMasstakeonanewsignificance.

Thesequenceoftheceremoniesis:

1.BlessingoftheNewFire.

2.BlessingandLightingofthePaschal Candle.

3.Prophecies. 4.BlessingoftheBaptismalFont. TheLitanies.

6.ThetratLasterMass.

1.Allilluminationisextinguishedin theChurchandnewtireiskindledin abrazierintheporchofthechurch; thisfireisblessedbythepriest.A taperisthenlitfromthefireandthis isusedsubsequentlytolightthePaschalandothercandles.Intheporch arealsoblessedfivesmallspikesofincense,whichareaiterwardsinsertedin thesideofthePaschalcandle.ine clergythenmoveprocessionallytothe Sanctuarywhere-

2.TheblessingofthePaschalCandle commences.Thisblessingisalmost uniqueinsofarasitispronouncedby thedeaconwho,naturally,neednot necessarilybeapriestatall.Theformulafortheblessingiscalledthe"Exsultet,"whichissungbythedeacon, andiscreditedwithbeingoneofthe finestpiecesoftheChurch'schantin existence.Thischantisinterrupted severaltimes,fortheinsertionofthe spikesofincense,forthelightingof thecandle,andforthere-illumination ofthechurch.

3.FollowingtheblessingofthecandleisthereadingoftwelvelongpassagesfromtheOldTestament(called the"Prophecies,"becauseallofthem eitherdirectlyorindirectlyreferto thefuturecomingoftheRedeemer). Theyrefertothecreationoftheworld, theflood,thesacrificeofAbraham,the escapefromEgypt,theBabyloniancaptivity,etc.Theseinterestingextracts fromtheBibleservedtopasssomeof thetimeduringtheEasterVigil.

4.Thewaterinthebaptismalfontis blessedsolemnlytwiceayear(andprivatelyasoftenasthesupplyneedsreplenishing),atEasterandatPentecost.ThefreshoilofCatechumens andthenewChrism,blessedandconsecratedtwodayspreviously,arepouredinandmixedwiththewater,andif

Sub-Deacon:Rev.P.Donnelly. ChantersoftheProphecies:Priests fromthechoir.

EASTERSUNDAY.

Celebrant:HisGracetheArchbishop.

AssistantPriest:VeryRev.E.Kennedy.

DeaconsattheThrone:VeryRev.A. Kelly,S.J.,Rev.H.Lalor.

Deacon:Rev.J.McGillicuddy. Sub-Deacon:Rev.P.Donnelly.

Preacher:Rev.H.Lalor.

ThoseprieststakingpartintheceremoniesofHolyWeekareadvisedthat theywillreceivenonoticeorreminder otherthanthatcontainedintheabove notes.Theyareparticularlyrequestedtobepresentingoodtimebeforethe commencementofthefunction.

LentenSermonsin St.Mary'sCathedral

COURSECONCLUDEDBY FATHERLALOR.

ThecourseofLentensermonsinSt. Mary'sCathedralwillbeconcludedon Sundayafternoon.Thethemechosen thisyearwas"TheMysticalBodyof Christ,"andthesubjectonSunday, March29,willbe"ThePriesthoodof theLaity."

Devotionswillcommenceat4.30 p.m.,asalreadyannounced.

.MassTimeTables WAGIN

March29:Wagin,8a.m.;Dumbleyung,10a.m.

HARVEY

March29:Harvey,8a.m.;Mornington,10a.m.

TOODYAY

March29:\Vongamine,8a.m.; Toodyav,9.30a.m.

HOLIDAYRESORTS

Albany: 7.30am9.30am.,eachSunday.

Busselton: 8a.m.

Bunbury: 7am.,9.30a.m.

Cottesloe: Sundays,7a.m.,10am

*12culdon,

SiIRODUOFTURIN

VIVIDLYstyled"theFifthGospel,"itliesinasilvercasketin theCathedralofTurin.Nota volume,thoughitspeaksmoreeloquentlythanmanyawordymanuscriptonthePassionofChrist,buta foldedlinencloth.Thestoryittells isofthatThursdayeveandtragic Fridaylongago,whenthedramaof Christ'slifeonearthreacheditstremendousclimax.Itisnotacharmingstory;itishideous,savage,and yetawesome.Oureyesarefixed throughoutontheportraitofaman, morecomplete,morelife-like,andmore revealingthanthemostsensitivepenpicturecouldhopetosuggest.

This"cleanlinencloth"inwhich JosephofArimatheawrappedthe brokenbodyofChristisknown to-daythroughouttheworldasthe ShroudofTurin.PiusXIreferredto itasthemostsuggestive,thougheven yetmysterious,andthemostprecious relicthatwehaveonearth.Of course,therearealwaysthosewilling todoubtitsauthenticity-simply fromignoranceofthefacts,ifnothing else.Butitisoffarmoreabsorbing interesttotellthestorythatthe Shroudreveals,thantowastetimedefendingitsauthenticityforthebenefit ofthosewhomthetestimonyofthe Churchherselfwillnotconvince.

Whentakenfromitssilverreliquary andunfoldedforpublicexpositionon aspeciallyconstructedframe,the Shroudmeasuressomefourteenfeet inlengthbythreeandahalfinwidth.

Thepatternofthefabricisinchevrons-herring-boneaswesay-the stripesmuchlessthananinchwide.

Thatitshouldhavebeenpreserved forsolongatimeisnotincredible,for specimensexistofancientlinenoffar greaterage.

Stretchedonitsframethesheetrevealstwoimpressionsofarecumbent body,oneoftheback,theotherof thefront,placedheadtoheadwitha spaceofafewinchesseparatingthem.

Thecolourofthesheetitselfisthatof ancientunbleachedlinen.Theimages uponitaremoreorlessofthesame colour,butdarkerandslightlymore red,thewoundsandbloodstainshaving againaratherreddertintthantherest.

Thereisnosignofoutlineorshading, theeffectisthatofsimplestains, darkerinsomeplacesandfadinginto nothingnessinothers.Itisonlywhen oneissomelittledistanceawaythat theeffectofahumanbodyisproduced;itislostwhenoneexaminesthe .sheetcloseup.

ThemarkingsontheShroudshowa humanforminwhatwewouldtermtoday"negative"colouring-withlight andshadereversedasinaphotographicnegative.Studying,then,the negativeplatesofaphotographofthe Shroud,thecolouringisinturnreversed,andwereallyseewhatisin effectaphotographofChrist'sbody, backandfront,full-length,andstill hearingthewoundsandbloodstainsof thePassion.Forthemarkingswere madeontheShroudimmediatelythat Christwastakendownfromthecross,

DressandFashion

ADVANCENEWS ofgreatimportanceforout-of-town ShoppersforHEADLINES.

MADELONMILLINERY NO.6PLAZAARCADE (MurraySt.End,opp.Boano. PersonalSupervisionE.MURPHY

L.CHARLESWORTH, Dip.D.S. DENTALSURGEON. CLAREMONT-17BROWNST. Tel.F1717. SUBIACO-133ROKEBYROAD Tel.W1191.

A.F.CLARKE-F2483 LIC."A"GRADEELECTRICIAN. 17LILLIANSTREET,COTTESLOE. WHENINTHEDARK-RINGFOR CLARKE.

andbeforeHisbodyhadbeenhurriedlywashed,annointedandwrappedfor burial.

Theillustrationaboveshowsonly thefrontalimage,thetwoparallel markingseachsideofthefigurebeing patchesandthecharredtracingsleft alongthefoldsofthelinenaftera firewhichnearlydestroyeditin1532.

Thehandsarecrossedoverthethighs, andonthelife-sizeplatesproduced throughmodernphotographythe wholebody,backandfront,appears coveredwiththelacerationsand bruisesofthescourging.Onlythe faceandhandsseemtohaveescaped.

Themarksofthenailsinthewrists andbelowtheinsteps,thewoundin thesidebetweenthefifthandsixth ribsfromthespearofLonginus,and themarkingsfromthecrownofthorns areallclearlyvisible.

ThefaceofOurLordhasbeendescribedinanotherarticleinthisissue. PhysicallyHisbodywasperfect,evidentlybetweenfivefeetelevenand sixfeetoneinheight.Catholicdoctrinehasalwaystaught,ofcourse,that HishumanbodywasGod'smasterpiece.Itsveryperfectionmusthave madeitssensitivityimmeasurably keenerthanourown.Aswefollow thelaconicgospelnarrative,oureyes onthesetwoblood-stainedimageson theShroud,welosethatairofdetachmentwecannothelpbutoftenfeel asweread,andjustwhatthehideous torturemeanttoChristbeginstodawn onus. WeseeagaintheRomanflagrum, thetwinleatherthongseachweighted withtwoleadenballs,bruisingthe fleshuntilitislivid.FromHishead tothesolesofHisfeet,notaninch

PM

escapedthesavagestrokesofpowerful beastswhosejobitwastoflog.The columntowhichtheytiedHimwas onlyaboutthreefeetinheight-itis therenowintheChurchofSt.PraxedeinRome-andHishandswere boundtotheironringfixedtothe topofthislittlepillar.SoonthefigureofOurLordmusthavecrumpled onHisknees,lyingfinallyfulllength onHisfaceuntiltheyhadfinishedHis back,nowbleedingfromthemany gapingweltswheretheskinhadbroken undertheblows.Withtheirfeetthey kickHimovertolieonthatlacerated, throbbingbackwhilsttheyscourge Hischestandstomachandlegs.Three mentakeitinturn,twoflogging-one oneachsideofHim-andthethird resting.Whentheyhavefinished theyleaveHimlyinc'thereforamu ment,limp,inapoolofblood,andin sightoftherabbleinthestreet. Naked,HegropesforHistunics throwninaheapnearthepillar,anda soldier,seeingHisembarrassment. kicksthembeyondHisreach.Forty strokeswerethelimitinaJewish scourging,thenumberfixedbylaw, buttherewasnolimitinRoman law.Overeightydistinctbruisescan bediscernedontheimagesonthe Shroud,showingunmistakablyineach casetheimpressionofthetwoleaden halls.Andtherearesomewhereinthe vicinityofthreehundredshapeless woundswhereevidentlytheskinwas broken.

Theblood-marksfromthetopofthe foreheadtothenapeofthenecksuggestthatthecrownofthornswas ratherintheshapeofacapcovering thewholeheadthanthecoronetthat isfamiliartoallthroughChristianart. Thewoundsareveryplainallover thelowerpartofthebackofthehead.

Whethertheyextendedalsooverthe topofthehead,asisprobable,wecannottell,forthereseemstohavebeen abandagegoingovertheheadand passingunderthechin,andthishas preventedthemfrombeingvisible.At thesametime,thismightbethereasonwhythereseemstobetwoseparate imagesandnotonecontinuousone, withthefrontandbackjoiningwhere theShroudpassedoverthehead,for thebodyofOurLordwaslaidonone halfofthesheetandtheotherhalfwas passedoverthehead,extendedtothe

aninchacross,andthetwotricklesot bloodthatflowfromittotheelbowindicatethepositionofthearmonth, cross.Itwasnotraisedmuchshove thehorizontal,andthetraditional positionofourcrucifixeswouldseem tobecorrect.Oncenailedthrough thewristsinthepositionwehavedescribed,furthersupportforthebody wouldnotbenecessary.

feet,andcoveredthefaceandfront ofHisbody. Ontherightshoulderoftheback thereisadarkpatchwhichsuggestsa largewound.Thiswouldbecaused bytheweightofthecrosspressingon thelaceratedflesh,andcorresponds withthebloodstains,runningdiagonallyacrossthebackfromtheright shoulder,onthetunicatArgenteuil, whichIspokeoflastwek.Thereis norecordofthiswoundintheGospels,butitisprominentinmanyof theaccountsofthemystics.St.GertrudeonceaskedOurLordwhichof Hiswoundsitwasthathadcaused Himthegreatestpain,andHereplied thatitwasthewoundinHisshoulder causedbytheweightofthecross.

Thehandsarecrossedinfront,the leftovertheright.Thefingersof therighthandarevisibleunderthe left,therestofthehandishidden. Thereisbutoneofthetwowounds visible,inthebackofthelefthand, andthis,somewhatsurprisingly,isnot inthehanditself,butinthewrist. However,itisreallyonlywhatwe mighthaveexpected,andmustnecessarilyhavebeenthecase.Thenails hadtobedrivenintothelowerpart ofthehandsforanatomicalreasons.

Iftheyhadbeendriventhroughthe palmstheweightofthebodywould havecausedthemtotearthroughthe softflesh,butdriventhroughthe wrists,theywereheldfastbythesmall circlesofcarpalbones,whicharefirmlyknittogetherwithcartilage.The nailswouldbedrivenontheslant,so astoreduceleverage,andasaresult. atthebackwouldcomeoutinthe wrist,justasweseeontheShroud. Thiswoundinthelefthandisnear:,

Forthisreasononlyonenailwas usedtofastenthefeetofOurLordto thecross.Fromtheapparentdifferenceinthelengthofthelegsasthey appearontheShroud,itwouldseem thattheleftfootwas',lacedoverthe right.Theknee,consequently,was bent,andwhenrigormortissetinafter death,stiffenedinthatposition.The soleoftherightfootiscoveredwith blood.Restingagainstthewoodof thecross,orperhapsagainstawooden chock,itwouldhavebeenbathedby thestreamofbloodrunningdownthe crossfromthebleedingbackofChrist. Thereisaslantingwoundinthe rightsidebetweenthefifthandsixth ribs.Fromitspositionandanglewe caninferthetrailofthespear,whiCti boredthroughtherightlungandpiercedtherightauricleoftheheart.Th. bloodfromthiswoundlookswaterv, seemstoflowinrivulets,nowjoir;rg, nowseparating.JustanotherinstanceinwhichtheShroudbearstheinimitablestampofnature,forSt.John saysthatbloodandwaterflowedfront thesideofChrist-thewaterevident lybeingserumwhichwouldnaturai:y flowforthwiththebloodiftheheart waspierced.

Otherdetails,suchasthestiff,strainedappearanceofthearms,theprominenceofthepectoralregion,andthe depressionofthestomach,areallthe naturalresultofthedistensionofthe bodyonthecross,andevidenceofthe suffocatingspasmstorturingOurLord duringthelongthreehoursspenthangingthere.

Unfortunatelythisisonlyanarticle andnotabookontheShroudofTurin, andthestoryithastotell.Perhaps evenfromthesefewremarks,however, somethingofitsabsofbinginterest mighthavebecomeapparent.There ismuchmorethatitrevealsofthe PassionofChrist,butonlyacursor., readingofthe"fifthgospel"choull bringhometousthereasonforthose wordsofPiusXI,thatintheShroud ofTurinwehaveperhapsthemost preciousrelicbequeathedtousbyOne whoevenindeathdidnotforgetthose whoweretocomelongr.entur'esafter.

PassionandResurrection

Easter,1942,dawnsonaworldoppressed,andterror-stricken. Aworldstillatwar.Millionsliebeneaththeheelofinvading armies,crushed,maybe,butnututterlyso.Forthosenations, beatenforthemoment,bitingthedustandpowerlesstoprotect themselves,stillhaveleftasparkofhope.Someday,soonplease God,itwillend,andthenightmarewillbeover.Inalltheir suffering,withtheirdeadandtheirruinedcitieshauntingthem, thesemillionsinsomanycountriesclingtothathope,desperately ifyoulike,fortothemitmeansEVERYTHING.

Instinctivelytheyknowthatevilcannottriumphforlongover humanityitself.Justassurelydotheyknowthatidealogiesand politicalregimesbuiltonviolencedonetohumannaturecannot butbecomethevictimsoftheirownintrinsicevilintheend. ThereissomethinglefttoChristendominEurope,andinitscivilisationthatweareheirto.Oftenenoughitisnotapparent,butit isintimeslikethepresent,whenlifehasbeenstrippedtoitsfundamentalvalues,whenhypocrisyandegotismareunmaskedin thefaceofdeaththatknowsnorespectofpersons,andwhenthe burdensofwarpressonrichandpoor,thegreatandthemasses alike,thatwerealisethedebtourcivilisationowestoChristendom toChrist.

Fortherewouldbenohopeforthedefeated,nohopeforthe oppressed,wereitnotfortheconvictionthattheircauseisjust,that theyhavebeensinnedagainst.Theyknowthattheywillrise again,chastened,yes,butthatisalltothegood.Theyknow thereisaGodWhogovernsthisdramaofmankind,Whoallows evilonlythatgoodmaycomeofit.Theyrealisethatmanhas buthimselftoblameforthehideousnessandsavagerythatstalks theearthto-day.Manchosetogoverntheworldhisway-God lethim.Nowmanisbeginningtorealise,thoughittookthehorrorsofwartobringithometohim,thatmightandmilitarism gethumanitynowhere,andthatthepeaceofChristiancivilisation, thepeaceofChrist,isworthfightingfor-worthdyingfor.

ThroughthePassionofthefirstEastertideChristwassustainedbythevisionoftheResurrection.Maythepassionthrough whichhumanityispassingthisEaster.1942,becomebearable throughthevisionofanotherResurrectionwhenanewworldand anewChristendomwillrisefromtheruinsandanguishwhichthe FatherinHeavenhasknownwouldalonebringmankindtoits senses.Ifitbringsthenationsbacktosanity,itwillbringthem hacktotheChristtheyhaverejected.andifitdoesthatitwillbe worthitall.

ThatwasthequestiontorturingChristintheagonyofGethsemane-Woulditbeworthitall?-andtheunshakeablehopeinthe visionofthatEasterdawninggaveHintthecourage.asitmust giveustoo.tofacethesufferingsthataretocome.Forsuffering withHim,sotooshallwerisewithHimtoanewandfullerlife. asanationandasindividuals.

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

March29(PalmSunday):AtSt.Fran cisXavier'sCathedral,Geraldton: PresideatSolemnEnthronementof MostRev.A.J.Gummer, BishopofGeraldton.

.April2-HolyThursday-8.45am.. PontificatesatSt.Mary'sCathedral

April3-GoodFriday-I0a.m.:PresidesatMassofthePresanctified. 3p.m.:AttendsStationsoftheCross

April4-HolySaturday-8.45am.: PresidesatSolemnHighMass.

April5-EasterSunday-11a.m.:PontificatesatSt.Mary'sCathedral. Rev.H.A.Lalorhasbeenappointed Managing-Editorof"TheRecord." FatherLalorhasalsobeenappointed DiocesanDirectorofCatholicAction.

AttherequestofHisMajestythe King,Sunday,March29,willbeobservedthroughouttheArchdioceseas aNationalDayofPrayer.Special prayerswillbeofferedatallMasseson thatday.

ingalustiononsimusuensollawininensummummommilo

THE..A4usicOFWolyWeeh

TheobjectoftheChurch'sLiturgy andallthatsurroundsitistotake holdofman'sfacultiesandsensesand directthemtowardsGod.Prayeris themostimportantpartoftheliturgy, andevenitsactionisreallyaformof prayer.Prayeristhesoul'seffortto conversewithGod,andtothis,the soul'smostimportantwork,manmust give.hiswholeself,hismind,hissenses; andevenhisemotionscanhelp.This isnotalwayseasytodo,andinher liturgytheChurchtrystohelphim. Forthosewhodisposethemselves,and haveeyestoseeandearstohear,she willbeguilethesoulinamostseductivewaytoturnherselftoGod,and toattuneherselfasitweretothe glory,thebeautyandthelovethat radiatesfromtheBlessedTrinity.In allitsmostsolemnfunctionsthe Churchclothesthesacredtextswith music,thattheirappealtousmight beallthestronger,formusicisable tostressandmakemorestirringthe innermeaningofthewords,making usrealisetheirimportemotionallyas wellasintellectually.Ouremotions playaveryimportantpartinour lives.Wearemoresluggishinaction whenweonlyhaveanintellectualrealisationofanevilthanwhencoupled withitisanemotionalrealisationas well.Thisistheimportantrolethat musicmustplayintheliturgy.At notimeintheChurch'syearisthisso wellbroughtoutasinHolyWeek. Forthemusicoftheliturgytobeall thehelpitcanbetothefaithful,theyintheirturnmustmakeaneffortto followphrasebyphrasethetextbeing sung,notinghowthemeaningofeach importantwordisbrougtoutwith deepthoughrestrainedfeeling.Havingtodothisthroughthemediumof anEnglishtranslation,whichdoesnot alwaysdothetextjustice,is,ofcourse, agreatdisadvantage;butevenso,it itisfollowedphrasebyphrase,the musicwillusuallytellitsownstory.

PalmSunday.

Theblessingofthepalmsbegins withthejoyfulcryofthecrowdas Christbeganhistriumphalentryinto

Jerusalem:

"HosannatotheSonofDavid: blessedishethatcomethinthename oftheLord.TotheKingofIsrael, hosannainthehighest."

Thisisexpressedinaverystirring pieceofGregorianChant.Between theEpistleandtheGospelissungthe Respond:"IntheMountofOlivesHe prayedtotheFather,"tomusicbythe XVIcenturycomposer,GiovanniCroce. Duringthedistributionofthepalmsthe Antiphone,"PueriHebraeorum"-"The childrenoftheHebrewscarryingolive branchesranoutbeforetheLord,cryingoutandsaying,Hosannainthe highest."Thiswillbesungnotonly inPlainChantbutalsotoPalestrinas music.Thisisawonderfullyexpressivepieceofmusic,andisnotablefor thestrikingmusicpictureoftheshouting,millingcrowd,whichoccurstowardstheendonthewords,"Hosanna inexcelsis."TheProperandthe singingduringtheprocessionwillbein GregorianChant.TheOrdinaryofthe MasswillbebyVictoria,thegreat SpanishcomposeroftheXVIcentury, andtheOffertory,"Improperium,"will besungtomusicbyMitterer,aXIX centurywriter.Itisverysombreand deepinfeeling,asbecomesthetext: "Myheartexpectedreproachandmisery,andIwaitedforonewhowould sorrowwithmeandtherewasnone.I sortforonetoconsolemeandthere wasnone:Inmyhungertheygave megall,andwhenIthirstedtheygave mevinegar."

HolyThursday.

ThewholeofthemusicofSolemn HighMassandblessingoftheHoly OilswillbesunginGregorianChant bythePriests'Choir.Anotablefeatureofthemusicofthisfunctionisthe playingoftheorganandtheringing ofthebellsattheGloria,afterwhich bothareagainsilentuntiltheGloria ofHolySaturdaymorning. GoodFriday.

DuringtheMassofthePresanctified, allthemusicwillbeinGregorian Chant,exceptduringtheAdorationof theCross,duringwhichthe"Impro peria,"or"Reproaches,"willbesung

bytwochoirstomusicbyVictoria. Thisisoneofthemosttouchingand beautifulthingssungduringHoly Week.ThereproachesofOurLord areansweredalternatelybythetwo choirs,oneinLatin,representingthe Westernworld,andtheotherinGreek. representingtheEasternworld.Other motetstobesungwillbe"Vineamea," byIngegnieri,and"Tanquamadlatronem,"byVictoria.

HolySaturday.

TheliturgyofHolySaturdayisone ofthemostinterestingandalmost (onemightsay)dramaticinthe Church'syear.Apartfromtheexultingjoyofthe"Exsultet,"sungbythe deaconasheblessesthePaschalcandle,thereisasteadycrescendooffeelinginthemusicthroughoutthewhole function,liketheslowpassingfrom darknesstodawn(asaccidentlyhappensinourcountrycoincidentally withtheprogressofthemornings ceremonies),andculminatesinjoyous musicalphraseacompanyingthejubilant"ItaMissaest,alleluia,alleluia," withwhichthedeaconendsthefunction.Thiseffectisattainedbothby thegradualchangeinthecharacterof themusicandthebringingbackone afteranotherofallthesignsofjoy-'sat havebeenabsentthroughLent,the Alleluia,theorganpealingoutagain astheGloriaisreached,thereintroductionofaccompaniedsinging;all donegradually,asthoughthefactof OurLord'striumphandRnstirrection wastoooverwhelmingtobetakenin atonce,buttoberealisedlittlebylittleandtobefinally'acceptedwith greatrejoicing. Thesingingonthismorningwillbe confidedtoasmallchoirofpriests,and thetraditionalPlainChantmusicwill beused.

EasterSunday.

TheMassonEasterSundaywillbe the"MissaBenedicamusDomino,"by Perosi,precededbythe"EcceSacerdosMagnus,"bythesamecomposer. AttheOffertorythemotet,"Regina Coeli,"byLotti,willbesung.Te' singingwillbedirectedbytheDiocesan DirectorofSacredMusic,Rev.Father A.Lynch.

Enthronement ofBishopof Geraldton

HisLordshiptheBishopofGeraldton,MostRev.Dr.J.A.Gummer,arriedinPerthby'planeonTuesday night,andistheguestofHisGrace theArchbishop.Thetwoprelates willleaveforGeraldtonovertheweekend,andHisLordshipwillbeenthronedbytheArchbishopinSt.FrancisXavier'sCathedralonPalmSunday. Dr.Gummerwasconsecratedinthe BathurstCathedralofS.S.Michaeland Johnonthe19th.inst.,theFeastofSt. JosephTheceremonywasperformed byArchbishopGilroy,ofSydney,togetherwiththeBishopofBallarat (MostRev.Dr.J.P.'O'Collins)andthe BishopofBathurst(MostRev.Dr. Norton).MostRev.Dr.Beovich, ArchbishopofAdelaide,preachedthe occasionalsermon.

PRIESTBEREAVED.

VeryRev.E.Carolan,Adm.,Kalgoorlie,receivedacablegramonMondaylastnotilynghimofthedeathof hisfather,Mr.MichaelCarolan,athis home,KilnHouse,I3ailieboro,Co. Cavan,Eire.ThelateMr.Carolan was60yearsofage.

SolemnRequiemMasswasoffered forthereposeofhissoulatSt.Mary's, Kalgoorlie,onThursday,26th.inst.

MembersoftheCatholicTeachers' Guildareremindedthattheirnext meetingwillbeheldintheChesterton LibraryonSaturdaymorning,March 28,at11a.m.TheGuildwillwelcomenewmemerswhocaretojoinour ranks.

Gethsemane:Gardenof `tears

MR.P.DAVIDSON'SLONG SERVICETOCATHOLIC PRESS

andsweatandblood'

THEYhadfinishedthePaschal Supper.Jesusrose.Hewas silent:Hisfigure,framedinthe openarchwayofthedoor,stoodfora momentunderthemoon:theeleven followedHim.

Outintotheluminousnight;anight oftheNisan;theheavensabloomwith stars;thefullmoon,themoonofthe fourteenthnight,litupwithitsmelancholypallor,theuniformpatchwork ofterraces;and,towardstheWest, nearthegreatstonestairwaywhich goesdowntothebrookofCedron,a moreimposingbuilding,itsdomerising proudlyabovetheothers:thehouseof theHigh-Priest.Surelyitwasnot safetopassthatway!Jesuswent downthestepsleadingfromthesupperroomandgoingduesouth,descended thesteepslopewhichleadstoRababi; andskirtingthepromontoryofSion arrived,inthegreenhollowbelow,at thevalleyofJosaphat,throughwhose blackenedbeddribblesthebloodof thesacrifices.

Aboveall,overhangingthegorge,the Templewall,darkbattlementsonehundredandtwentyfeetinheight,andthe gateofHulda,andtheGateofTriumph alightflickershereand thereonthecliffsofSiloe anda reddishglarehighabovetheTemple, asofsomefardistantfire;thecandelabraoftheparvis....Notasound isheard,asthelittlegrouppassesby, savethecooingofthedoveswhichnest inthebluecedars,orthelong-drawn. blood-curdlingwhineofthehyena,in thedesertcloseathand.

Underthesnow-whiteterraces,under theroundedroofs,silverydomesinthe moonlight,underthegreenshadeof tents,themultitudelaysleeping.

OnreachingthebrookofCedron, Jesuswentnofarther;Hisdisciples gatheredaroundHim.

'Thisnight,"Hesaidtothem,"all ofyoushallbescandalisedinMe.For itiswritten:Iwillstriketheshepherd: andthesheepoftheflockshallbedispersed.ButafterIshallberisen again,IwillmeetyouagaininGalilee."

ThenJesus,passingalongthelow mudwallofthegarden,enteredwithin;theelevenfollowed,overcomewith weariness,theytoo,troubledinspirit, underthemaleficentinfluenceofthat impressivenight;theMastertaking pityonthemledthewaytotheiraccustomedgrotto:

"Restyouawhilehere,tillIgoyonderandpray."

AndtakingwithhimSimon,James, andJohn,thethreewhohadbeen strengthenedwiththevisionofMount Thabor,Hedisappearedintotheolive wood;filledwithapprehension,they followed,keepingalittlebehindthe whitefigure,whichadvancedintothe gloom,withbowedheadanduncertain step.

Turningroundforamoment,He spokeagain;Hisvoiceshakingwith emotion:"Stayyouhereandwatch withMe;Mysoulissorrowfulevenunto death."

Takingafewstepstooneside,tohide Hisweaknessfromtheman!'broken, likeolivesundertheoil-press,Hefell prostrateontheground-Theveiled futurecameclearlybeforeHiseyes;He saw,asHewishedtoseeit,closeupon Him.andrealisticinitsvividne.;,all themartrydomofthecomingday;the tortureofscourging,andofthecrown ofthorns,thetortureofthenailsanl ofthewood,andthetortureofthirst, andofthefinalagony;andthetorture whichwrunghisverysoul:theagony ofHismother,thetortureofsorrow forthosewholovedHim,andofpity forthosewhostruckHimdown,sorrow forHispeopleandforthepriestsof Hispeople;fortheHigh-PriestofElohim,sittinginjudgementonHimin thenameoftheFather, Andthehatefulscrolldidnotend withthis;forthefuture,thevhole futureoftheworldlayopenbeforaHis eyes.Andbeforethoseeyes,passed firsttheshamefulvisionofcowardly disciplesandfaithlessfriends;hardlyhadJudassoldHim,whenSimon,the RockofHisChurch,deniedHimbefore thelackeys,deniedHimforfearof whatthosemenialsmightthinkorsay; John,thefavouriteofHishumanlove, wasasfaithlessastherestofthem; theyallfled,thosewholovedHim,and thosewhopretendedtoloveHim. InHismartyrdomHewasalone;alone intimeandinspace.Forverilycreationseemedonthisnighttobeat rest,andthetumulttohaveceased;the Cityslept,wellguardedbywatchmen: Hecouldhearinthedistancetheir

long-drawnmonotonouscrydiditnot seemasifaRomanpeacehadenvelopedthewholeuniverse?Andwitha visionwhichpiercedintotheuttermost heavens,Jesuswatchedthesilentflight ofthestars,andofworldswhirling throughunendingspace.

And,howeverfarHisdivinevision reached,HesawthatOrderreigned, theOrderofGod,GodHimself.

Butbeholdinthisdrearycornerof theuniverse,onthispoordwindling planetoftheearth,menmadeinthe imageoftheMostHigh-havearisen fromtheirnothingnessagainstOrder, againsttheWordandagainstGod;and thedayhavingcomewhenGoddeclaredHispresenceonthisendarkened fragmentofHisEmpire,Man,senseless andfilledwithhate,criedout,"Iknow Theenot."

Andwithever-hasteningspeedthe bookoflifeunfolded,thefuture,near andfar-atleastwhatmencallfar. Andonthewhitescrollwasengraved, evenmoreawfulthantheruleofdivine Harmony,thetrackofthewhirlwindof disorder;thefirstdisobedience;the firstfratricide;andthenthelonglitany ofhideoushumanity:revolutions, hatreds,wars,lecheries,blasphemy;the superiorsmilesoftheworldlyminded, thescepticalshruggingofshoulders, thepiousmediocrityofthecultured, whohavefaith,butaretoosureand toofondoftheirownshortlivesto wastetheprecioustimeonany thoughtsofreality andtheChurch, thepoorChurchofJesus,tornbyheresiesandschisms;andthelamentable processionofunprofitableservants, thosewhoweartheoutwardgarband gestureofChristianity;whofollowthe ritual,andobservethefasts,andwho mumbletheformulae,butwhocarrywiththemfromtempletotemple,a cherishedmemoryofapast,andeager plansforafuture,ofselfishpleasure, andwhoarefilledwiththepettyvindictivenessandpoisonousself-loveof thosewhohavinglifehavelostitbecausetheSpiritofGodhasdeparted fromthem...

AndsometimesevenhaughtyPontiffs,sonsofluxury,andloversofgold, traitorsinalonglineofworthysuccessorsofPeter. Andstandingbeforedustyandill-keptaltars,priests, shameless,venal,obscene, Andin HolyChurchtheybesmirchedthememoryofthemultitudeofsaints!

Jesus,overcomewithhorror,turns Hisfacetoheaven:

"MyFather,ifitbepossible,letthis chalicepassfromMe!

Butthehardcoldheavensaresilent, andthedumbworldsrevolving throughspace.

"Father,ifitbepossible! Itcannotbe.

AndChristfallsbacktotheground, rackedwithsorrow.

"Father,notMywillbutThinebe done!"

ThisfiatgaveHimbackstrength;He wasabletoriseandseekalittlecomfortfromHisfriends,thethreefaithful oneswhomHehadleftnearathand, withinastone'sthrow.Hefound themsnuglycoveredupintheirsamlah.TheintrepidSimon,theenthusiasticJames,andJohn,thebeloved disciple,allthreeslept.

Simon! AtthesoundofHisvoicethethree bodiesturnedoverlazily.

"Simon,thousleepest!couldstthou notwatchwithMeonehour!"

"Watchye,andpraythatyeenter notintotemptation;thespiritindeed iswillingbutthefleshisweak."

AndgoingawayagainHeprayed, prostrateontheground.

OnceagainsorrowoverwhelmedHim, andSatan,whohadnotstirredsince thefastinthedesert,camenearand temptedHim:Andthesinsoftheworld passedinafloodbeforeHisvision;He sawthemall,sawthathatefulconflux ofevilwhichhasinfectedmankind; themudwhichremainsinthecreature formedbyElohimfromthedustofthe earth.

Wiltthou,SonofGod,bearonThy shouldersthepunishmentofallthat? Lookwell,then,atthosesins,donot missoneofthem,eventhosetowhich manhimselfwillhesitatetogivea name!WiltThoubyThysufferings paytheransomandredeemmanfrom thethrallofSatan?Thinkalsoof whatwillcomeaboutbecauseThou hastfulfilledtheLawandthepromisesofGod.TheSabbathbroken,

Mr.PercyDavidson,whoisthelinotype operatorandforemanoftheMechanical Staffat"TheRecord,"celebratedtwentyfiveyears'associationwiththefirmduring theweek.Theoccasionwasmarkedbya presentationtoMr.Davidsonofawristlet watch,suitablyinscribed,fromtheManagementandStaffof"TheRecord."His GracetheArchbishopmadethepresentation,andcongratulatedandthankedthe recipientonhislongtermofserviceto theCatholicpress.TheManagingEditor (Rev.FatherLalor)andtheEditor(Mr. K.Spruhan)spokeinsupportoftheArch bishop'sremarks.

Mr.DavidsonwasborninPerthin 1888,andwaseducatedatSt.Brigid's Convent.Heservedhisapprenticeship withthe"MorningHerald,"andwasafter, wardsthreeyearswiththe"SunburyHerald."Laterhewasonthestaffof"Truth," andfromthereenlistedintheArmy shortlyaftertheoutbreakofwar.After threeyearsactiveservice,hewasinvalided homeafewmonthsbeforetheArmistice. InApril1918hejoinedthestaffof"The Record,"towhichhehasbeenattached eversince.

Mr.Davidsonhasforyearsbeena sportingenthusiast.FrombeingSecretary oftheCatholicYoungMen'sFootball Club,hebecameSecretaryofthePerth FootballClub,andwasManagerofthe StatesideinfootballmatchesintheEasternStates.Hehasalsooccupiedthe officeofPresidentoftheEastPerth CricketAssociation. Ofanopenandgenerousdisposition, Mr.Davidsonhasbeenamainstayof "TheRecord"throughsomeverydifficult periodsinthepasttwenty-fiveyears,and hasbeenconspicuousforhisspiritoftoyaltyandunselfishdevotion."TheRecord" wisheshimmanyyearsoflifeandgood health,inwhichthecordialassociationsof thepastmaybecontinuedandincreased.

theTempleprofaned,theDoctorsmockedat,respectnolongerpaidtopriests orpontiffs,traditionupset,theLaw itselfmadeofnoaccount,numberless soulsbewilderedwithdoubts,families brokenup,thefatheragainsttheson, andthedaughteragainstthemother, hatredsownthroughouttheworldand thatbyThysavingword,ahatred whichwillneverdie-ThoughThou preachlove,rememberThyownwords, Thouartcomefortheredemptionand thefallofmany.Andfromcenturyto century,proud,intriguing,quarrelsome menwillariseinthineownChurch, againstThineownChurch,settingtempleagainsttemple,theywilldo throughmalicewhatThouhastdone throughlovetotheChurchandtothe TempleofThyFather;allthiswill cometopassbecausemenwillhearThywordbutwillnotheedit.

JesusraisedtoheavenHiseyesfloodedwithtears:

"MyFather,ifthischalicemaynot passaway,butImustdrinkit,Thy willbedone."

Hearose,andwithuncertainstep, approachedHisthreedisciples.

Theywereasleep.

Wearywithsorrow,andwithoutsayingasingleword,Hewithdrewforthe thirdtime.

AndthenChristpassedthrougha terriblestormoftribulationsuchasno feeblehumancreaturehaseverexperienced:

Hellstroveindescribablyagainst Him;andinthedreadstruggleitseemedasifthesouloftheMasterwasto collapsewithHisbody,thatenfeebled body,sowrenchedwithagonythat'His sweatbecameasdropsofblood,tricklingdowntotheground.

AndJesuscriedout:

"MyFather,ifthischalicecannot passaway,butImustdrinkit,then, Thywillbedone."

AndinthesilentmomentthatfollowedHiscry,anangelcamedown fromHeavenandstrengthenedHim.

(to

Asannouncedin lastweek'sissueof "TheRecord,"the LegionofMarywill holditsfirstACIES atSt.Patrick's, Havelock-street,at 3p.m.onSunday, March29.Itseems rathersignificant thatthis,themost prominentLegion functionoftheyear, shouldoccurjustat this,themostvital hourinourcountry'shistory,affordingasitdoes,the opportunityforall ourforcesofthe Legion,bothactiveandauxiliary,of joininginonegreatconcordofprayer ofintercessiontoourKingofKings, throughHisbelovedMother,our Queen.

SurelythereisnotaCatholicamongst uswhowouldtrytodenythefactthat nowasneverbeforeshouldeveryCatholicwhoisworthyofthename hearkentothecalltoCatholicAction ofourlateHolyFather,whenheutteredthesewords:"Itispartoftheministryofeverypriestandthedutyof everylaymantotakepartinCatholic Action,"becausenowmorethanever before,aretheforcesofHellthrowing theirfullweightintothebattleagainst Christ-thebattlewhichPopeLeo XIIIvisualisedwhenhecomposedthat wonderfulprayerwhichheorderedto besaidaftereveryLowMass:

"BlessedMichaelArchangel,defend usinthehourofconflict,beoursafeguardagainstthewickednessand snaresofthedevil.MayGodrestrain him,wehumblypray.anddoThou 0PrinceofHeavenlyHosts,bythe powerofGodthrustSatandownto Hell,togetherwiththeotherwicked spiritswhowanderthroughtheworld totheruinofsouls."

WhenPopePiusXIutteredthese words,heknewthatitwasnotpossibleforeveryCatholiclaymanand womantojoinorganisationsthatwould necessitatetheirattendingmeetings,or leavingtheirhomes,orinterferingwith theirbusiness,buthemusthavehadin mindsomeotherwayinwhichthese peoplecouldengageinCatholicAction. Heknewthatinallwarfarewemust have,inadditiontothosewhoareactuallyinthefrontlinetrenches,those largebandsofworkersbehindthe lineskeepingupregularsuppliesofwar materialsthatarenecessarytobring thebattletoasatisfactoryend.Here theLegionofMarystandsoutonits owntoenablethevastnumberofCatholicswhocannotjoinactiveranksof doingtheirpartbehindtheline-. Keepingupthesuppliesofammunition whichouractivememberssobadly need.Keepingupthatdrivingforce frombehindwhichisthedrivingforce 'behindtheentire Legion-apressurewhichonlythe powerofprayercanexert,What anopportunity,therefore,theLegion affordstoeveryCatholictodohisor herpartinfulfillingthewishnotonlyofthelateHolyFather,butalsoour presentPope,intakingpartinCatholicAction.Forthosewhocannotjoin theLegionasactivemembers,theymayjointheauxiliaryforces,andbyso doingplaytheirpartintheconflict aseffectivelyasthoseintheactive ranks.Theprayersofauxiliariesare thedrivingforcebehindtheLegion,so atthisstagemayIhumblybegof everyCatholictobecomeeitheractive orauxiliaryMembersofMary'sArmy. IfthereisnotalreadyaPraesidiumor branchinyourparishwhichyoucan join,then,inallhumility,Iwouldask youtocommunicatewiththeSecretary, BoxJ658,G.P.O.,Perth,whowillgladlysupplyyouwithallinformationregardingmembership.Onceagain mayIappealtoeveryCatholictoplay thepartwhichisexpectedofthemin thishourofneed,andtoeverymemberoftheLegion,activeandauxiliary, toattendinfullforceattheAcieson Sunday,March29th.

QUARANTORE

1942. MARCH.

Sunday.

5th.Norseman:OneDayofExposition.

APRIL.

Sunday.

2nd.MidlandJunction:Forty Hours'Prayer(10th.-12th.). Palmyra:OneDayofExposition.

4,11,4moo,

"IfChristbenot ResurrectionofChrist apledgeofourown

WITHthatlastshudderingsigh fromtheCross,itmusthave seemedtothePhariseesand Scribes,thatanaccountwassettled; thebusinesswasfinished.Butso muchhate,henceforthuseless,fell backupontheirhearts.Theimmense sadnessoftheirracecrusheddown uponthem-enoughtofillcentury aftercenturywithdissatisfaction,with asenseofunfulfilment.

Andwherewerethefriendsofthe VanquishedOne?Whatremained oftheirfaith?TheSonofManhad enteredintodeath,andbywhata gate!ThosewhohatedHimhad trappedHim,convictedHimoflack ofpower,andthereforeoffraudbeforeallthepeople.Therewasnothing forHisfriendstodobuttohide themselves,toconcealtheirtears, theirshame;tokeepsilenceandto wait.Theirfaithvacillated,butnot theirlove.

AsfortheMotherofJesus,there wasnoneedforhertohaveconfidence -sheknew.ButthePassionwent onwithinher.Theblowscontinued toraindown,thespittletostainthe adoredface.Inherheartshecould notstopthesheddingofdivineblood. Eachcrystillvibratedthroughher, andtheleastsighthatescapedfrom thebloodlesslips.Marywasbutthe indefinitelyprolongEchoofthePassion.Shefeltherbrowforthemarks ofthethorns;sheclaspedthepalmsof herhands.

TheonlyactualwitnessesoftheResurrectionweretheguardswhomthe chiefpriestshadplacedassentriesat thetomb.Oftheirevidenceandof theattemptstobuytheirsilenceregardingtheResurrection,St.Augus"Theyputsoldiersatthetombtoguardit.The earthshook;theLordarose:suchmiraclestookplacearoundaboutthe tomb,asthatthesoldiers,whohad cometoguardit,mightthemselvesbe witnesses,didtheychoosetodeclare thetruth.Butthatavaricethatcapturedthedisciplethatwascomrade toChrist.capturedtoothesoldierthat wasguardianofthetomb."Here," saidthey."ismoneyforyou.Say

thatHisdisciplescamewhileyouwere asleep,andtookHimaway!'Indeedhadtheytiredthemselvesout overtheirscheming!Unluckyingenuity!Haveyousocompletely abandonedthelightofkindlycounsel, andhaveplungedsodeepintothe abyssofcraft,thatyoucansay:"Say thatwhileyouwereasleepHisdisciplescameandtookHimawayfrom you?"Soyoucallwitnesseswhowere sleeping!Assuredlyyouwereasleep yourself,afterexhaustingyourself makingsuchascheme.

Meantime,Christ'sglorifiedlifehas begun.Hisspirit,freedfromthe flesh,wasnotresting.Hehadbrought theGoodTidingstotheliving,and theyhadrepaidHimwithdeath;now thetimewascometocarrythemessage tothedead,who,foruntoldages,had beenwaitinginLimboforthisday.

St.Peter'sEpistledescribeshow:"He wentandpreacheduntothespiritsin. prison forthiscausewastheGospelpreachedalsotothemthatare dead,thattheymightbejudgedaccordingtomenintheflesh,butlive accordingtoGodinthespirit."

AndSt.Paul,whoknewmoreofdivinethingsthanhewasallowedtotell, declaredthatChrist"alsodescended firstintothelowerpartsoftheearth." OurLord'sdescentintotheboundless realmsofthedeadwasnecessary,was atonceanobligationofjusticeandof loveforthesakeofthosewhohad keptGod'slaw,whohadprophesied ChristandsmoothedHisway,those whoseheartshadcontainedthegerm ofChristianity,evenbeforetheAdventoftheLord.He,ofWhomthey hadprophesiedwithoutknowingHis Name,forWhomtheyhadwaited,but hadneverseensolongastheydwelt inthelightofthesun,remembered themwhenHewoketotruelifewithin thecave,anddescendedtodeliver them,totakethemwithHimintoHis glory.

Thenbeginsthestoryofthereturn ofChristtotheworld.ForthepresenceoftheRisenJesusstillremains. IndeedoneistemptedtosaythatHis Ascensiondidnotinterruptit.HavingrisenasHesaid,Hehastensti.

keepHispromisetothedisciples: "YouwillseeMeagain."

Fourwomen-MaryofMagdalaand MaryofBethany,SalomeandJoanne -went,aswomenwill,tokeeptryst bythesideoftheirloveddeadAnd thoughengrossedintheirsadthoughts, theyponderedalsothepracticaldifficulty:"Whoshallrollusawaythe stonefromthedoorofthesepulchre?" Theobstacle,however,doesnotarise for,totheiramazement,themouthof thecaveisagape,andthegrowing lightofthedawnrevealsthedeath slabunoccupied.Ayoungmanin brilliantrobesofwhiteiswithin,and theirterroranddismayisdispelledbyhismessage:"Whyseekyoutheliving withthedead?Heisnothere,butis risen.RememberhowHespokeunto youwhenHewasyetinGalilee,saying:'TheSonofManmustbedeliveredintothehandsofsinfulmen,and becrucified,andthethirddayrise again' GoandtellHisbrethren thatJesusisrisenfromthedead,and thatsoontheyshallseeHim."The womenhastenedaway,butthewoman ofMagdalalingeredinthegarden. Becauseshehasbeenforgivenmuch, herloverunsdeeprandmoreunderstandingly.Sheweepsbecause"they havetakenawaytheLordoutofthe tomb,andweknownotwherethey havelaidHim."AMannearbyWhom shemistakesforthegardenerenquires thecauseofhergrief.ShetellsHim, andHerepliesintheoldfamiliar voice:"Mary!"Likeonesuddenly awakenedoutofsleep,theheart-brokenwomancries"Master!"andfalls totheground,clutchingHisfeet,yet bearingtheredprintofthenails.To herHegivesafurthermessageforthe Apostles-togo"intoGalileewhereHe shallseethem."

Meantimetheotherthreeholywomen havebeenendeavouringtoconvince theApostlesthatwhattheyhaveseen andheardisnotanhallucination.At thatmomentMagdalenarrives,breathlessfromrunningandexcitement.She hasseennoAngelbuttheMasterHimself,andhasseenandfeltthenail marksinHisfeet.

Rousedatlast,PeterandJohnrace toJoseph'sgarden.Thereistheempty cave,theshroudandgrave-clothes strewnupontheground.Theyhastenbacktotheotherstoconfirmthe wonderandforexpectationperhaps thatHewasalreadywiththem.

ThefirsttimeJesuscametothe Apostles,Heenteredintotheroom wheretheywerebarricadedforfear oftheJews,andshowedthemHis wounds.Even,toproveHewasno spiritastheythought,Heshareda littleoftheirmeal.Hefloodedthem withHispeaceandjoy,andgavethem powertoremitsin.Theirlovebeing perfectedcastoutfear.

Thomaswasnotwiththemwhen Christcame,anduponbeingtoldhe resolutelyrefusedtobelievewiththe evidenceofexperience.Aftereight days,andwithastoundingpatience, ChristcametothemallwithThomas amongthem.Hegavethedoubter everytesthehadasked.Thomas, althoughoverwhelmed,profoundlyconfessedhisfaith:'MyLordandmy God!'Jesussaidtohim:"Blessed aretheythathavenotseenandhave believed."Lord,Whomwehave notseenwiththeeyesoftheflesh, webelieveinThee!

Thentherewerethetwodisciples whohadafavouriterendezvousata smallinnatEmmaus.Theysetout towalkthereafterthearduousFri.

day,depressedanddespairing,andarguingaboutthefailureofChrist.SuddenlyaStrangerjoinsthem.He walkswiththemallthewaytothe inn,expoundingtheOldTestament propheciesabouttheMessiahsofascinatinglythatwhentheyreachthe towntheypresshimtostay.Butit wasnottilltheysatattableandHe brokebreadwiththem,asHehad donethenightbeforeHesuffered, thattheyknewHim.Theysetout atoncetoreturntoJerusalem,their heartsburningwithinthem.Who amongusdoesnotknowtheinnat Emmaus?Whohasnotwalkedalong thatroadateveningwhenallseemed lost?Christwasdeadwithinus. TheyhadtakenHimfromus-the world,thewise,theuncontrolledpassions.TherewasnoJesusforuson theearth.Wefollowedaroadand Someonewalkedatour side. Wewerealoneandwewere notalone.Itwasevening.Here wasanopendoor,theobscurityofa roomwheretheflamefromthefireplacelightedonlythetrampledearth andmadetheshadowsmove.0bread thatwasbroken!0breakingofthe bread,consummateddespitesomuch. misery!"Staywithus,foritistowardseveningandthedayisnowfar spent."Thedaydeclineth,lifeisfinishing.Childhoodseemsfurther awaythanthebeginningoftheworld, andoflostyouthwehearonlythelast groaningofthedeadtreesinsome strangewood."Staywithus stay withus."

Finallythereisthebeautifulscene bythelakeshoreinGalilee.TheApostleshadgonenorthwardsasHebad wished.Theywaitedwithmixed feelings.Likechildrentheylonged toseeHim,butfearedHisreproaches. Theygofishingallthroughonenight, buttheseaisunresponsiveliketheir mood.Theycaughtnothing.In themistsofearlydawn,astheynear theshore,astrangertellsthemtocast outonthestarboard.Theycaught somanyfishthatthetruthcometoJohn,thepure-hearted,likeaflash.

"ItistheLordrPeterimmediate. lyjumpsoverboardandswimsto shore,thoughthedistanceisbuta stone'sthrow.ItwasHe,indeed, upontheshore.Hebidsthembring theirfishtobecooked,forHehas toastalreadybrownedforthem.They sitdownandHewaitsuponthemas theyeat.Nowordissaid.Then Peter,byatripleconfessionoflove andloyalty,isforgivenhistripledenial andgiventhecareofChrist'swhole Church.John,alittlejealous,isgiven thepromiseofmartyrdom.

Severalweekslater,JesustoreHimselffromthemidstofHisdisciples,ascendedandwasdissolvedinlight.But itwasnofinaldeparture.ForHe hadleftthemHisBodyandBlood andthepromiseoftheComforterWho wouldbewiththem"alldays."A littlelater,Hewaslyinginambushfor SaulalongtheDamascusroad.Thenceforthinthedestinyofeveryman, therewastobethisGodWholiesin wait.

OatmealMacaroons.

Ingredients:

HELPFULHINTSFORTHE HOME

Rainspotsonclothcanberemoved bylayingawetclothonthematerial, puttingadryoneontop,andironing them.Thiswillquiteoftenprevent theclothfromspottingagain.

Ashabbyumbrellacanberenovatedbybrushingwithasolutionofammoniaandwarmwater.

Onetablespoonfulofvinegarmakes agoodsubstitutewhenyoufindthat youareoneeggshortofthequantity requiredforyourcake.

Onawindyday,addalittlesaltto thestarch.Thiswillpreventitsbeing blownawayoutoftheclotheswhile drying.

Neverallowthedirectraysofthe sunonmirrors,astheyaffectthe metalliccoatingontheglass.

Arawpotato,putinsoupthathas toomuchsaltinit,andboiledforten minutes,willremovethesaltytaste.

Newblindcordsshouldberubbed withapieceofsoap,asthiswillmake themmorepliable,andeasiertoknot.

Toremovestainsfromfurniture,rub lightlywithmethylatedspirits.

atterpuddingscanbemadelighter byaddingtwotablespoonfulsof groundricetotheflourbeforemixing.

Asolutionofsaltsoflemon,applied withacamelhairbrush,willoftenremoveinkfromlinen.

Unvarnishedfurniturecanbewashedwithbeeswaxandturpentine.

Aneggprickedwithapinisunlikelytocrackwhenboiling.Trythis usefulhint.

Ifamilkpuddinggetsburnt,removetheburntskin,andaddsome milkandalittlebutter,andre-bake inaslowoven.

Biscuitsthathavegonesoftshould bewarmedintheoven.Thosewith creamincanbecrumpledupandaddedtoapudding.

Neverletapuddinggoofftheboilif vonwantitlight.Keepakettleof

1.1..I

Doyouwishtohelpeducateapriest forworkinWesternAustralia? RememberSt.Charles'SeminaryEducationFundinyourwill.

qvuldeoffoIMOO

boilingwaterneartoaddtothesaucepanwhenthewatergetslow. Oatmealjellyisdeliciouswithstewed fruit.Cookapintofoatmealintwo pintsofwaterandmilkinadouble boilerfortwohours.Addapinchof saltandalittlesugarandleavetoset.

RECIPES.

AppleCupsWithMincemeat.

Ingredients:

6largeapples, 1cupofmincemeat,

6tablespoonfulsbrownsugar.

Method:

Washandcoretheapples.Hollow, leavingashellabout1-3inch.thick. Chopthescoopedoutpulp,andcombineitwiththemincemeat.Add brownsugar,allowingonetablespoonfulforeachapple.Filltheapples, andplacetheminabakingdish,with onetablespoonfulofwaterforeach apple.Sprinklewithmorebrown sugar,andbake,bastingthemfrequentlyuntiltender.Servehotwith hardsauce,orcoldtoppedwithwhippedcream.

DriedAppleChutney.

Method:

Soak11b.applesallnight,andinthe morningdrainwell.Coversoakedappleswithwinevinegar,addlargeonion (finelychopped),2cupsbrownsugar,1 tablespoonfulhoney, 1 cupseeded raisins,1generoustablespoonfulginger, 1teaspooncinnamon,1teaspoonsalt, and1levelsaltspooncayennepepper. Cookalltogethertillthick,overgentle heat,orintheoven.Stiroccasionally, andwhennearlycold,storeindryjars, preferablyearthenware,andtiedown. Thisisdeliciouswithcoldmeatand curries,orwithbreadandbutter.

Ingredients:

SnowApples.

5mediumsizedapples, 1dessertspoonfulgoldensyrup, 1tablespoondessicatedcoconut, 2ounceschoppedandstoneddates, 1teaspoonlemonjuice, 1pintblancmange.

lllllllllllllll1.1.1,101,1111111.1111,1,11 GasStoves,New,Enamel,£8/19/Onlyafewleft.Acceptoldstovepart payment.W.A.StoveCo.,559Welling ton-street.

Advanced Business Instructionfor YoungMenand Women

Youngpeopleofbothsexeswhohavejustenteredbusiness,and otherswhohavesomebusinessknowledgeandexperience,shouldconsider enrolmentforourcourseinAccounts,AuditingandLaw.Thisisanadvancedbusinesscourseforthosewhoaspiretothebestpositionsinlarge firmsortopractiseontheirownaccountasprofessionalpublicacocuntantsandauditors.

Thecoursecanbestudiedinoureveningsessionsorathomewith ourpostallessons.Ifyouhaveagoodordinaryschooleducationyou canqualifythroughus-weguaranteetuitionuntilyousecureyourDiploma.Theaveragecostoverthewholecourseisabout3s.aweek. EnrolmentalsoentitlesyoutothefreeuseofthemostinfluentialemploymentbureauinPerth.

Lettersreceivedfromstudentsincludetheseextracts:-

"Inevereverthoughtyourcoursewould'belikethis.Ithoughtyou wouldjustsendthelessonsandusethecarry-on-the-best-way-you-can method.NowIfindoutIwaswrong.Insteadofitbeinganobligationandanefforttoanswerthecorrespondencethetutorsgiveyou,the feelingtheyareworryingaboutyourgettingonasmuchasyouare."

"YouwillbepleasedtolearnthatIhavenowsettleddowninmynew situation.IhavehadampleopportunitytobringintheknowledgeI havegainedthroughyourexcellentcourse,andhaveeveryconfidenceof progressingfurtherinthispost."

Inadditiontothelessonbooks,allstudentsofourfullcoursegeta freesetofreferencebooks(value£215s.).

CandidatesinW.A.areexaminedonourownLocalActs.Youstudy yourowninterestsandkeepyourmoneycirculatinginyourownState byenrollingwiththe

Method:

Paretheapplesthinlyandcorethem. Addthechoppeddatestothegolden syrupandlemonjuiceandputabouta teaspoonofthismixtureinthecentre ofeachapple.Greaseabakingtin, puttheapplesintoit,andplaceinthe oven.Whentender,takeoutthe applesandallowtocool;thenplace theminaglassdish.Preparethe blancmange,letitcoolalittle,then covereachapplecarefullywithit.Let thedishstandfortwohoursinacool place,thensprinkleeachapplewith thecoconutandserve.

DateChutney(NoBoiling).

Ingredients:

21b.stoneddates, lib.preservedginger, 2cupswinevinegar. 1teaspoongroundcloves, 6tablespoonssugar, 4teaspooncayennepepper. 2tablespoonsmustard.

Method:

Poundstoneddatesin11cupsboilingwater,andaddpreservedgingercut verysmall.Intothewinevinegarstir thecloves,sugar,pepperandmustard. Whensugarhasdissolved,combine withdatesverythoroughly,andput intosmalljarsandcoverwithpaper.I

AppleCake(WithCream).

Ingredients:

Cookingapples(enoughforfour), 1egg, 1cupS.R.flour, cupbrownsugar, cupbutter, 1pinchsalt.

Method:

Mixtheflour,salt,egg,butterand sugartogether,andworkthemwell. Cutmixtureinthreeparts,andfill threepieplateswithsame.Bakein slowovenuntilalightbrown.Cook applesuntiltender,mixwithsugarand anydesiredflavouring,andspreadbetweenthelayersofcake.Garnishthe topof andthecakewithwhippedcream crystallisedcherries.

Method:

2eggwhites, teaspoonbakingpowder, 1cupsugar, 11cupsoatmeal, 1teaspoon vanilla.

Beateggwhitesuntilfrothy, bakingpowderandbeatuntil Beatsugarslowly;addvanilla oatmeal.Bakefor30minutes.

add stiff. and

AWISH

Mayalloftroublethat'soldwithyou crumblelikeleavesthatareold,andgo withwinterwindsthatareoldinto unbreathingdustofthelongago; allofjoythatisoldwithyougrowmellow,asviolin-voicesgrow, richerandsweeterasoldwinesgrow andfriendlythingsthataretrue andthisGodgavebutyesterday- thisnew,heart-haunting,every-way young-fair,dew-lovely,freshly-new delectable-bealldaysnew.

O'ConnellStory Retold

Ithasbeenremarkedasstrangethat Protestantswhohavegivenupthe Massshouldhavebeenunabletodo awaywithitinthenameofthefeast ofChrist'snativity-Christmas.This inconsistencywasoncecommented uponintheHouseofCommonsbyone ThomasMassyMassy.Hemoved thatthe"Church"shouldgetridof eventhenameofMassinChristmas, andsubstituteintheplaceofitthe moreSaxonword-"tide,"Christide! O'Connell,whohappenedtobepre- sentandwhowasseldomatalossfor therightwordattherighttime,movedthat"asthehonourablegentleman prizedtheoldSaxonsomuch,hewould dowelltobeginathome,viz.,toSaxonisehisownname.Lethimdoaway withtheMassinThomasMassyMassy andputhisbeloved'tide'inplaceofit, thus:`TotideTideyTidey'!"The roaroflaughterthatgreetedthemotionhasneverbeenequalledinthe HouseofCommons;andEnglandhas kepttheMassinChristmas.

Essentiallymodern,yetthoroughlydignified. ThisMignonPianoisamodelofoustandingvalue ahandsomeuprightinwalnutcaseworkofdistinguisheddesign.Itsexquisitetone,excellentcraftsmanship,andunsurpassinglysturdyconstruction rankitasaninstrumentofqualityyetthepriceis lowincomparison.

Broadcastsfrom CatholicChurches During1942

Thefollowingbroadcastshavebeen arrangedthroughStation6WN:-

March24-7.30p.m.:St.Patrick's, Fremantle.

April5-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral.

May3-11a.m..St.Mary'sCathedral.

May24-7.30p.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral (Pentecost).

June7-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral.

June21-7.30p.m.:St.Brigid'sChurch, WestPerth.

July5-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral.

August2-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral August16-7.30p.m.:St.Patrick's, Fremantle.

September6-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral.

September20-7.30p.m.:St.Brigid's, WestPerth.

LOTSOFPRIZES.

Thereare504prizesintheNo.100 CharitiesConsultation.Itwillsoon beclosing.Getyourticketsnowto avaiddisappointment.Thefirstprize is£1,000. 4.1=11.

STOVES,allenamel,newandused; lowestprices;promptrepairs...W.A. StoveCo.,559WellingtonSt.(B6307.)

TiedeyouroldstoveforlatestGasor woodstove,Bargainprices.W.A.Stove Co.,559WellingtonSt.(B6307.)

H.A.C.B.S.

DEATH.

CLARKE.Ofyourcharity,prayfor thereposeofthesoulofMaryTeresaClarke,whodiedatFermoyHospital,Northam,onMarch23,1942, lovedwifeofMatthewPatrick,and motherofEileen(Mrs.J.Burke), Matt,Will,Veronica(deceased), Kevin,Dorothy,andFrank;aged57 years.

MostSacredHeartofJesus,have mercyonhersoul.

INMEMORIAM.

CONDON.-Sacredtothememoryof ourdearhusbandandfather,Stephen Condon,whopassedawayMarch28, 1939.

SweetJesus,havemercyonhissoul.

-Insertedbyhislovingwifeand daughters.

FLYNN.-Inlovingmemoryofour dearhusbandandfather,Edmund (Ned),whopassedawayMarch25, 1941.

Eternalrestgrantuntohim,0Lord, andletperpetuallightshineupon him.Mayherestinpeace. Everrememberedbyhislovingwife andchildren.

FLYNN.-Inlovingmemoryofour dearsonandbrother,Edmund (Ned),whodepartedthislifeon March25,1941.

ImmaculateHeartofMary,your prayersforhimextol.0,Sacred HeartofJesus,havemercyonhis soul.

-Insertedbyhislovingmother,brothers,andsisters.

FLYNN.-Sacredtothememoryof Edmund(Ned),whodepartedthis lifeonMarch25,1941.

OurLadyofPerpetualSuccour,pray forhim. -InsertedbyMolly,Mick,Maureen andDennisKinsella.

WANTED.

Competentwomanwantspositionas Housekeeper;presbyterypreferred. Apply"Housekeeper,"229Walcottstreet,NorthPerth.

SewingGuild.

Beadsandnetareurgentlyrequired forthemakingofcoversforfoodin themilitarycamps.Allassistancein thiswaywillbemostacceptable.Miss FurzeisinattendanceattheLeague RoomseveryFridayfrom2till4p.m. Shewilldistributewooltothosewho arewillingtoknit.Atpresentthere arebutfewvolunteersforthiswork, andmanymorehelpersareneeded. Canteen.

TheLeaguewillbeinchargeofthe Barrack-streetBulletonSaturday, April4.Allworkersatthecanteen mustbemembersoftheLeague,and participant,initsmanyactivities.

RacingSelections

BY"THEHAWK"

TATTERSALL'SCLUB.

AtBelmontPark,SaturdayMarch28.

Tattersall'sStakes:SydneyJames,1; HowieWing,2;Rags,3. TrialStakes:Yohada,1;Yodful,2; Symsolett,3. fi Tattersall'sPurse(2):Marbury,1; Sancross,2;Amaroyal,3. Tattersall'sHandicap:Loyalist,1; Chironomy,2;Hesperos,3. Tattersall'sPurse(1):Fraction,1; BlackEagle,2;Ripplian,3. FlyingWelter:Ruby,1;Tresigne,2: Philock,3.

TrottingSelections

RICHMONDPARK.

Saturday,March28,1942. W.A.Breeders'Handicap.Myrtle's Son,1;Noalimba,2;Dawning,3. TotalisatorHandicap:Balkis,1;Fay Winwood,2;MissTarena,3. President'sHandicap:PlainPercy, 1;Myrtle'sSon,2;Garabet,3. CommitteeHandicap:EarlMavista, 1;CavanChief,2;GrandMogul,3. ClubHandicap:EarlWhips,1;AdmiralPark,2;Moulyinning,3. MarchHandicap:BalgayLass,1; JennyDerby,2;JeanWood,3.

Hibernian-AustralasianCatholicBenefitSociety BESTBENEFITSFORLOWESTCONTRIBUTIONS.

DEATHBENEFIT.-/50,

Tel.:87804.

MetropolitanSocialCounciu.

Delegatesarenotifiedthatthenext meetingofthecouncilwillbeheldon Friday,April10,andthiswilltakethe formoftheannualmeetingwithelectionofofficers.Don'tforgetthiswill betheFridayfollowingGoodFriday, andineventofblackoutwilltakeplace onSundaymorningfollowing.Council membersvisitedCastledareonMarch 8,andprovidedboyswithaverygood sportsprogrammeandhightea,which wasverymuchappreciated.Animpromptuconcertafterteafinishedan enjoyableoutinganditishardtosay whethertheboysorthecouncilenjoyedtheoccasionmost.Inoticedthe boysbeattheoldboysatcricketby3 runs,sothatwasanachievement!The councilhopestorepeatthesefunctions moreoften.Don'tforget,members, April10!

J.NEILSON,Optician

S.DANNELL,F.S.M.C.(London), W.A.O.A.

OPTOMETRIST. Tel.:B1616

16PLAZAARCADE,PERTH.

-Orecit MIITHE5Orl LIMITED FORCliERPERGROcERIES

D'ARCY'SSELECTDANCES EVERYTHURSDAYEVENING. NOWATCATHEDRALHALL. ModernandOldTime.

D'Arcy'sEver-PopularOrchestra, withMissBettyFry,Vocalist. Admission1/6.

CATHOLICaACTION intheforces

FormingaGroupforLeadership

WHYSUCHAGROUP?

Gobacktothemorefundamental question:WhyCatholicActionatall? Andyouhaveyouranswer.

Circumstancesofmodernlifehave setabarrierbetweenPriestandpeople.Hecouldn'tmakecontactwith hisboyswhoworkedatbenches,in high-speedfactories,withmenin workshops,withmenandwomenand girlsinfactories,shopsandoffices.The Priestalonehaddonetheworkofthe Apostolateforcenturies,nowhewas shutout,sotheChurchhadtocallin herreserves,thelaymenwhowerealwaysmeanttobeApostlesbuthad forgottentheirvocation.

ThePopespoke:"TheApostlesof theworkerswillbeworkers;theApostlesofthefarmerswillbefarmers.." Itfollows:theApostlesofthesoldiersmustbesoldiers.Fortheneed isthesame.

Inmanyacamp,theChaplainis appalledbythedifficultyofgettingto knowhismenindividually,andofinfluencinginanypracticalwaytheenvironmentofthecamporstation.An environmentthatisattimeshostile, sometimesbarelytolerant,andalways crushinglyindifferenttoreligionand morals.ThePriestisisolated.Using allhisenergyheisconsciousatthe closeofeachdifficultdaythathehas touchedonlythefringeofthework thatmightbedone.Hemayofferthe HolySacrifice,preachfervent,academicsermons,announceconfessions, butheremainsremoteandoutof touchwiththevitalstrugglesofthese men. Therewillbeconsolations.Good, bad,andindifferentwillapproachhim attimes.Hegivesthemthewordof advice,ofencouragement,instruction orwarning.Theyareimpressed,but theymustreturntotheoldatmosphere.Thebadladsandtheweaklingsmustreturntotheenvironment thatmadethembad,thatplaysupon theirweakness.Youmightaswell cureamanandthensendhimbackto agerm-ladenatmosphere.

Andnewmenarecomingallthe time.Theyflocktothecampsfrom variouspartsofthecontinent,from diversavocations.ManyyoungCatholicsaresweptsuddenlyfromthe warmatmosphereofgoodCatholic homesandwellorganisedparishes. Thereisnolongertheeasyfacilities forhearingMassdevotionally,nogentledisciplineofsodalities;thegood exampleandrefininginfluencesare lost.Theseboyshavehadtogive upsomuchthatwasroutineintheir civillife-thereisrealdangerlesttheygiveup,alongwithit,theroutineof theirCatholiclife.

Somuchdependsuponthestandardssetbythematurerrecruits.The newmendarenotbesingular-andso, bewilderedandmiserable,theyaccept thelowerstandards.Surrenderof theirmorevirileCatholicitymustbe partofthenecessarysacrifice.There's awaronandfervouranddecencyare peace-timeluxuries,soldiersmustbe "tough"!

SomuchforthedangertoCatholics themselves;butthereismuchmore atstake.InthosecampsCatholics arethestandard-bearersofChrist,the saltoftheearth.In1925PopePius XI,writingtothePrimateofSpain, couldsaymournfully:"Youarewell acquaintedwiththetimesinwhich weliveandrealisehowgreataneffort iscalledforfromCatholics....Wesee withsorrowthespectacleofasociety whichisbecomingevermorepagan; inwhichthelightofCatholicfaithis dimmed;inwhichChristiansentiment,purity,andintegrityofmorals aredisappearinginawaywhichis fearfultobehold. Itis,therefore, necessarythatallshouldbecomeapostles.ItisimperativethattheCatholiclaityshouldnotremainidle." Chaplainswillknowhowwarhas intensifiedtheevilandmadeyetmore necessarytheremedy.InAustralia inpeace-timemuchhadbeendone. Catholicworkers,especially,sensed themagnitudeoftheiropportunitywhethertheyseizeditcanbequestioned;anyhowtherealopportunity haspassed.NowtheServices-the soldiers,sailorsandairmen-arethe menthatcount-and,whenpeace comes,thesemeninourcampsto-day

willbethementoshapethedestinyof Australia.Thisistherichestfieldfor CatholicActionandunlessthesemen inAustralia'scampsaretrainedtoday,Australiawillsufferto-morrow; ontheotherhand,ifCatholicswill seizetheopportunitypresentedto them,verymuchgoodmayyetbe drawnfromtheappallingevilofthe war.

IsAnySuchSchemePracticable?

Yes!Wecanpointtonodramaticallysuccessfulscheme,butwedoknow thatalreadyCatholicActionprinciples havebeenappliedincampsandstations,andthattheresultsareencouraging.

Butwhencouldsuchagroupmeet andunderwhatcircumstances?

Letustakeacaseinpoint.

APriestappointedaspart-time ChaplaintoaR.A.A.F.station,found hecoulddevoteverylittletimetoit. Hefoundthatamodifiedformofthe HolyNameSocietyhadbeenused withexcellentresultinAirForcestationsintimesofpeace-andwasstill beingusedveryeffectivelyinthebetterestablishedstations.Hetriedis out;atfirsthewascontenttotalk, preachofthespiritthatinspiredthe society-aman'sorganisationwith idealsthatmightappealtomen.Th,n heuseditsimplytoworkupageneralCommuniononagivenSundaytheinauguraldayoftheHolyName Society, Oncethatwasdonesuccessfully,it wascomparativelyeasytohavea HolyNameCommunioneachmonth. Prefectswerewanted,eachcoursewas askedtonominateitsownleader;with thisauthoritythrustuponthem,the prefectsrosetotheoccasion;meetings wereheldonceaweek,atnight,inthe Chaplain'sroom.TheCatholicAction ideawasexplained,itsinspiration,its history,itssuccessallovertheworld, inAustralia. Theneedforitin campslestallthathadbeengained inpeace-timeshouldbelostinthe stressofwar. Itmeanthardwork, sacrifice therewouldn'tbemuch glamourinit,butitwasajobworth doing-forthemen,forAustralia,and forGod.

Mostoftheprefectscaughtthe spiritofthemovement,facedupto thenecessityforsacrifice,andquickly recruitedthebestpotentialleadersin eachcourse.AnN.C.O.instructor quicklybecameanidealleader,and thisbandofprefectsweregradually mouldedintoaCatholicActioncell.

TheTrainingofTheseLeaders.

ThisfollowedthegeneralCatholic Actionplan.Thenecessityofthe fourfoldformation,thespiritual,intellectual.activeandsocialelements,was emphasised.Withoutrealisingit,the menfellintotheenquirysystemand theformofmeetingcamenaturally enough.

Themengatheredpunctually aroundalargecrucifixintheChaplain'sroomonanightofclosedcampPrayer.

Experimentsweremade-andare stillbeingmade-todiscovertheideal formofprayers.TheCreedisrecitedslowlyandthoughtfully-theNationalAnthemoftheCatholic.The tionalAnthemoftheCatholic-the Rosarywastried,tentatively,lestit betoolong,butthemendecidedit wasideal.TheJ.O.C.prayer:"Lord Jesus,aworkerlikeme .,"couldbe adaptedeasilyenough,theJ.O.C.prayerforMilitants:"LordJesusmakeme generous ."isideal.TheprayertheSoldiers'Shield-toOurLadyof PerpetualSuccour-issaidregularly. ThehabitoftheActofContritionis inculcated.Anyoftheseprayersare appropriateenough,andthelistcould beextendedwithoutdifficulty.Our LadyofLoretohasbeenappointedby thePope,PatronoftheAirForce! TheCrucifix,orpossiblyastatueof theSacredHeartcreatessomethingof thenecessaryatmosphere.

TheInquiry-theEssentialMeansof Action.

ThefirstEnquirysuggesteditself: "What'swrongwiththiscamp?"

Whatarethereasonsforcarelessness amongCatholics? Istheatmosphereingeneralhostile ormerelyindifferent?

Iftherewereafewineachhutwho wereobviouslyfearlessly,unselfconsciouslyCatholic,woulditmakea difference?

Couldyou,bycarefulobservation, getanaccurateideaofthedifficulties Catholicsmustovercomeiftheyare toremainpractical?

Atpresentareyourideasbasedon accurateinformationorsimplyonimpressionsgathered'butnotanalysed?

Couldyoufindoutaccuratelyhow goodorhowbadaretheCatholicsin yourcourse,orinyourhut?

WhatpercentagegotoMass,say prayers,receivetheSacraments?

Whydon'ttheothersgotoMass, etc.?

Illinstructed?Lazy?Afraidof Comments? Ofthecarelessones-howmanywere carelessbeforecomingintotheservice?Howmanyhavegrowncarelesssinceenlistment?

Whatisthechiefreasonforgrowingcareless?

Doyouthinkitwouldbedifficultto getthemtoreturntothepracticeof theirfaith?

Whatremediesdoyousuggest?

Doyouthinkexampleisimportant?

Whatsubjectsdoyouthinkthe Chaplainmightstressinhistalks? Sermons?Instructions?Lectures?

Ifnewmenfoundavigorousspirit ofCatholicityalreadyestablishedin theplace,wouldithelp?

IftheyweremetonarrivalbyCatholics-N.C.O.'sandprivates,told aboutCatholicpractices,timesfor Mass,etc.,doyouthinkitwouldhelp?

Ifyouhelpedthemintheirwork, steeredthemintosafecompanionships, showedthemthebestmethodsand placesofrecreation,wouldthishelp?

Couldyoudothiswithoutappearingtopatronise,or"preach"tothem?

Suchenquiriesopenupwidefields bothofdiscussion,ofaction,andof study.Studyinthissensewillbe pursuedsolongasithasitsinspiration inaction.Frequently,menwillnot listento"lectures,"butiftheyare questionedonsomepointofCatholic teachingorcustom,theywillseekfor therightanswereagerlyenough.Thus "study"maybeconductedwithmany disguisesandplentyofsugar-coating.

Otherenquirieshavebeenmadeon Prayer.

Isithardtosayprayershere?

What'safairsetofmorningprayers?Eveningprayers?

Dovouthinkamanshouldkneel downathis'bunktosayhisprayers, orshouldhesaythemunobtrusively?

Couldyougetmanytojoinyouin thisroomatprayersinpublicatmorning?atnight?

AtonestationinAustraliaaCatholicadjutanthasinstitutedacompulsoryparadeforCatholicseach morning,atwhichhehimselfleads theprayers.Whatdoyouthinkof thisidea?

SocialJustice.

ManyoftheCatholicsareinterested inthesocialquestion,andarekeen enoughtofindtheCatholicanswerfor non-Catholics'questions.Everyshade ofopinionisventilated-andtolerated.

Thegeneralattitudetoreligionand moralitythroughoutthecamp,isa fruitfulsubjectfordiscussion.Campaignshavebeenstartedagainstthe prevailingfilthytalk,blasphemy,obscenity,withvaryingresults-Commentsandquestionsofnon-Catholics supplymanysubjectsfor"enquiries" anddiscussions.

PRACTICALWORKcanbefound, e.g.: Distributionofliterature,newspapers,C.T.S.pamphlets,books.

Gainingmembersforsodalities,findingoutnetemerecases,lookingafter theoratoryorroomwhereMassis celebrated.

PreparingforMass,testingthepossibilityoftheDialogueMass.

Bringingnon-Catholicenquirerstoa priest.

Arrangingagroupofsingerstolead Benediction.

Recruitingforthegrouporgroupsis important.Withtheassistanceof C.W.O.andsimilarorganisations,arrangementscanbemadeforprovidingcomforts,billetingwithCatholic families,introductiontoCatholicsocial lifeinnearbytownsorcities;similar assistancecanoftenbegiventowives anddependentsofmenlivingin strangesurroundings.

GeneralCommunionin'adjacent parishchurchesareawelcomevariationofcamproutine,andcampenvironment.C.W.O.willoftenco-operate byprovidingbreakfast.

Benedictiontoo-plussupper-is usuallyappreciated,andveryhelpful. Forthemostpart,theauthorities placenoobstaclestotheseexercisesso longastheyoccuratsuitableintervals.

THEBESTVALUEFORYOUR MONEYAT F.J.DUFF'S WINESALOON. CornerARUNDELSTREETand SOUTHTERRACE,FREMANTLE.

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DearCornerites,-Howmanytimes, wonder,haveyouturnedtoJesusfor comfortwhenthingshave"gone wrong,"orwhenyouhavebeenin anywaydisappointed-andHenever failedyou,didHe?NowhaveYOU evertriedtocomfortJesus?You knowHeisofteninneedofsomeone tosaytoHim,"Jesus,Iamsorryfor mysins,andIloveyou."Nextweek, whichisHolyWeek,willgiveyoua grandopportunitytobecome"little comfortersofJesus."HewillrememberHisPassionandDeath,justaswe rememberthem,andHeisboundto feelsad,whenHeseessomanypeople whodonotheedHim,wholeaveHim alone,justasHewasleftalone,save forafaithfulfew,onthehillofCalvary.TrytoliveagainthePassion withJesus,traveltheWayofthe CrosswithHim,tellHimnottomind thesneersandinsultsofthecrowd thatfollows."IamwithYou,Jesus.Thatisallyouneedtosay.Hewill hear,andunderstand.Andnotonly inLent,butallthroughoutthevear, letthesewordsbealwaysonyourlips: "IamwithYou,Jesus." AUNTBESSY.

`LITTLEJESUS."

(ByFrancisThompson.)

DidstThoukneelatnighttopray, AnddidstThoujoinThyhandsthis way?

Anddidtheytiresometimes,being young, Andmaketheprayerseemverylong?

AnddostThouthinkitbest,thatwe, ShouldjoinourhandstopraytoThee?

Iusedtothink,beforeIknew, Theprayernotsaidunlesswedo. AnddidThyMotheratthenight, KissThee,andfoldtheclothesin right? AnddidstThoufeelquitegoodinbed. Kissedandsweet,andThyprayers said?

Thoucanstnothaveforgottenall

Thatitfeelsliketobesmall, AndThouthatIcannotpray ToTheeinmyfather'swayWhenThouwastsolittle,say, CouldstThoutalkThyFather'sway

So,alittleChild,comedown, Andhearachild'stonguelikeTh own; Takemebythehandandwalk, Andlistentomybabytalk. ToThyFathershowmyprayer (Hewilllook,Thouartsofair), Andsay:"0Father,IThySon, Bringtheprayerofalittleone.-

AndHewillsmile,thatchildren's tongue HasnotchangedsinceThouwent young!

AnAnswerto Prayer

Prayerhasbeen,formostofus,our onemeansof"gettingintouch"with God.Wearenotallfortunateenough toholddirectconversewithHim,as werethosewholivedinHistime,or thosetowhomHeappearedinvisions. Nevertheless,ourfaithinthepowerof prayerisunshakeable,fordowenot callJesusbythatsweetsoundingname, "TheLordofallMercy"?Theother day,weweretoldastory,onethatis new,thathasbeentoldcountlesstimes, astorythatjustifiesourbeliefin prayer.Therequest,thatofrestoring tohealthaman,whoserecoveryfrom aseverenervousbreakdownwasalmostdespairedof,wasgrantedthrough devotiontoOurLadyofMt.Carmel andtheLittleFlower.Thismanis nowwellontheroadtoperfecthealth, andhisfamilyregardthisasadirect answertotheirprayers.Thesefacts havebeenverified,andthenameofthe familywill'begiventoanyonewhodesiresit.Weknow,fromourownexperience,perhaps,thatprayercanaccomplishallthings.Nothingpleased JesusmorethanachildliketrustinHis Mercy.Prayerhasalsomoreuses thanthatofobtainingourrequests.It formsourmostformidableweapon againstourspiritualenemies.Thereforeletprayerbecomethepivotround whichourliferevolves.Yetmore thanthis,wecanmakeofourlivesone continuousprayer,oneunceasingsong ofpraisetoGod,whichneednever cease,whoserefrainwillringout,in oureternity.

1

THEAGONYINTHEGARDEN.

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TOPICALBOOKSOFGREAT INTEREST PRESENTPROBLEMSERIES. THEHERESYOFNATIONAL SOCIALISM.

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Mr.andMrs.Newlywedweresilent asthetrainborethemhomewardsafter theirhoneymoon.

Mr.Newlywedwashardup.Hehad spenteverypennyonthehoneymoon, andhisnextpay-daywasafortnight off. Astheynearedhometheyoungwife gaveamerrylaugh.

"I'mgoingtotellyouasecretthat willcheeryouup,Billy,"shesaid. "BeforewewentawayIhidtenpounds inthelarder."

"Yes,"saidherhusband,"Iknow.I foundit." * * * *

Aftereightyearsofabsence,asuccessfulbusinessmanalightedatthe stationofthetownofhisbirth.There was,despitehisexpectations,noone ontheplatformwhomheknew.No one. Discouraged,hesoughtoutthestationmaster,afriendsinceboyhood.To himatleasthewouldbewelcome,and hewasabouttoextendaheartygreetingwhenthestationmasterspokefirst.

"Hello,George,"hesaid."Goin' away?" * * * *

"Joanonlygotonemarkforher sumsto-day,"Mummy,soshealtered the1intoa5andwasfoundout."

"Ihopeyouwouldneverdoathing likethat,clear."'Coursenot:Iwouldhavemade,t intoa4." * * *

Hewasaverynewofficer,having beencommissionedfromtheranks,and hehadbeenwithhiscompanyonlya week.Hehadbeenonmanoeuvres, haddoneatwenty-mileroutemarch, swumintheseainfullpack,andturnedoutforthecompanyRuggerteam onSaturday.

WritinghomeonSunday,hebegan hisletter:"Myhardestjobistoremembernottocallthesergeant-major 'sir.'"

Aminister,addressingawomen's missionarymeeting,saidthat"thousandsofgallonsofrumgointoAfrica foreverybrotherwhoissentthere."

Whereupononeofthesisterswhispered toherneighbour,"Ratheralargeallowanceforthosemissionaries."

Anabsent-mindedmancalledupon hisoldfriend,thefamilydoctor.After chattingforacoupleofhours,thedoctorsawhimtothedoorand,ashewas shakinghands,said:"Comeagainsocn, oldchap:familyallwell,Isuppose?'

"GoodHeavens!"exclaimedhisvisitor:"thatremindsme.Mywife'sina fit." * * *

ANegrocalleduponanoldfriend, whoreceivedhiminarocking-chair. Thevisitornoticednotonlythathi; hostdidnotrise,butthathecontinuedtorockhimselftoandfroina curiousway.

"Yo'ain'till,isyou',Harrison?"he asked,anxiously.

"No,Iain'till,Mose."

Therewasamoment'ssilenceduring whichthecallergazedwide-eyedat therockingfigure.

"Den,"continuedHarrison,"yo'know BillBlott?Hesoldmeasilverwatch cheap,an'ifIstopmovinglikedis,dat watchwon'tgo!"

Twocolouredmenwerestandingon thecornerdiscussingfamilytrees.

"Yes,suh,man,"saidAmbrose."I cantracemyrelationsbacktoafamilytree,"saidMose.

"Naw,man,trace'em,trace'emgetme"

"Well,theyain'tbuttwokindsof thingsthatliveintrees.Birdsand monkeys,andYousho'ain'tgotnofeathersonyou.';

"Myhusband...complainedthe youngwife,"issopuritanical.He tbelieveintheatres,dancing, bridgeoranyofthemodernformsof amusement."

"Indeed!"saidherconfidant.Then soothingly:"Butremember,mydear, youtookhimforbetterorworse."

"Iknow,"wasthereply,"andI can'thelpthinkinghowmuchbetter itwouldbeifhewereworse."

Therewasatremendousrushforthe holidaytrain,andtheoldladygotnervousaboutherluggage.

"Isay,porter,where'smytrunk?. sheasked.

"Ican'tfindthetrunkitself,mum," repliedthewearyporter,hopefully, "but'ere'sthe'andlewiththelabel on."

* * * *

"AsIunderstandit,"saidtheheathen,"youproposetociviliseme?"

"Exactlyso."

"Youmeantogetmeoutofhabits ofidlenessandteachmetowork?"

"That'stheidea."

"Andthenleadmetosimplifymy methodsandinventthingstomake myworklighter."

"Yes."

"AndnextIshallbecomeambitious andgetrich,soIshan'thavetowork atall?

"Naturally."

"Well,what'stheuseoftakingsuch aroundaboutwayofgettingjust whereIstarted?Idon'thavetowork now.*

* * *

Adotingauntanduncleweretaking averysmall'butverylivelyboyfora walk.Theykepthimbetweenthem inordertoprotecthimagainstany danger.

"Hullo,Bobby!"anacquaintance hailedthelittlefellow."Isthatyour daddyandmamma?""No,"reportedBobby,"they'remy convoys!"

Ataleaguecricketmatchayoung fellowhadthemisfortunetogetseveralofhisteethbrokenwhilstplaying againstafastbowler.

Inthereturnfixturetheyoung manwasagainfacingthebowler,but eretheballwasdeliveredacrossthe wicketheshouted:"Hey,mate,Aw hopethdrtnotaftermyteethagain.'"

"Na,lad,"camethequickreply,"it's thystumpsAw'mafterthistime."

TwocolouredprisonerswereconfinedinanArmyprison.Onewasdoing asentenceoftwentyyears.

"Ahrobbeddehouseofdegeneral,' hemournfullyadmitted."Howlong youinfoh?"

"Threedays,"saidtheother."I killedasergeant." Thefirstman'seyesopened."Huccomedat?"heasked."Deysomep'n aboutdisdateaint'right.Irobde houseofdegeneral,andIgettwenty years.Yo'killasergeant,anddel letyouoffwidthreedays."

"Yass,suh,"saidthesecondman. "Dassright,Ikilleddesergeant,and I'monlyinhereforthreedays.Dey gwinehangmenextWednesday."

Awomanentertainingaguestof someimportancewasgivingfinalinstructionstohermaid.

"Now,Polly,"shesaid,"inthe morning,takeajugofhotwaterupto Mr.Jones'sroom.Besurenotto forget."

"No,ma'am,"Pollyanswered.

Thewomanthoughtnomoreofthe matteruntilthenextday,whenat noonsheremarked,casually:"Of course,Polly,voucarriedthathot watertoMr.Jones'sroomthismorn"ing?

Pollybeamed."Certainly,Idid, ma'am.IwassoafraidImightforgetitthatItookituplastnight."

* * *

Astudentofju-jitsu,ofwhomgreat thingswereexpectedbyhisprofessor, turnedupatthegymnasiumonedaywithabandagedhead,andadmitted, uponbeingquestionedthatsome youthhadinflictedtheinjuries.

"What!"exclaimedtheinstructorindignantly,"Youmeantosaythatafter allIhavetaughtyou,youleta striplingknockYouaboutlikethat?"

"Icouldn'thelpit,"repliedthedamagedone.

"Whydidn'tyoutryju-jitsu?"

"Itwasimpossible."

"Mydear,sir,thereisnoconceivablesituationtowhichju-jitsucannotbesuccessfullyapplied.Showme wherehegrippedyou."

"Hedidn'tgripmeanywhere,"he said."Hedroppedabrickonmy headfromathird-storywindow." * *

"Haveyouanychildren,Jones?"

"Oh,yes.YouknowRobinson?"

"WhichRobinson-Jonathan?Yes. Knowhimverywell.What'sthat gottodowithit?"

"I'mgoingtotellyou.HeandI have91childrenbetweenus."

"Whatareyoutalkingabout?You mustbecrazy.Whatdoyoumean?"

"Oh,helivesononesideofachildren'shomeandIontheother!"

HotelandAccommodationGuide

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C.T.A.

SUMMARYOFTHEREGULATIONSFORFASTAND ABSTINENCE.

I.OnFASTdays,thoseboundtofastareallowedone fullmealatmid-dayorintheevening.Inaddition,theyare allowedtwolightmeals-oneofabouteightounces,andthe otheroftwoorthreeounces.Anykindoffood,andhence evenfleshmeat,maybeusedatallthreemealsprovided,at thetwosmallmeals,thelimitofeightandtwoorthree ouncesrespectivelybenotexceeded.

2.OnABSTINENCEdays,fleshmeatandmeatsoupare forbidden.

3.Lardanddiippingmaybeusedondaysofabstinence. providedtheybeusedmerelyasacondimentorseasoning.

4.Friday,unlessitbeaHolidayofObligation,isaday ofabstinence.

5.AshWednesdayandtheFridaysinLentandEmber weeksaredaysoffastandabstinence.

6.Mondays,Tuesdays,Wednesdays,ThursdaysandSaturdaysinLent,andtheWednesdaysandSaturdaysinQuarterTensearedaysoffastwithoutabstinence.

7.ThereisnofastorabstinenceonSundaysorHolidays ofobligation.

8.St.Patrick'sDayisexemptfromfast;ifitfallsona Friday,itisnotexemptfromtheabstinence.

9.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirseventhyearare boundbythelawofabstinence.

10.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirtwenty-firstyearare boundbythelawoffasting;theyceasetobeboundbyitwhen theyhavebeguntheirsixtiethyear.

11.Thosewhoareindelicatehealth.orwhoareengaged inexhaustingwork,arenotboundtofast.Ofcourse,those whoareseriouslyillarenotboundbyeitherfastorabstinence

12.OnthedaysmentionedinNo.6,thosewhoarenotbound tofastarenotlimitedbythelaweitherastothequalityor quantityofthefoodtheywishtotake.

13.TheLentenFastandAbstinenceceaseatnoonon HolySaturday.

741Q,(1-AAAWiljee

ArchbishopofPerth THE

FACEOF

Weget,asitwouldseem,anewsetof linencopiesoftheFace.TheShroud hasbeenmorecloselystudied,andthe resemblanceiscloser,thoughstifferand lesslifelike.

iesinthebeardandthehair.The earliestRomantypedoesnotshowthe dividedbeard.Thatseemstohave comeinfromConstantinoplealittle later. Whatseemstohavebeenthecourse ofeventsmaybesetoutinthisway. TheHolyShroudwastobeseenat Jerusaleminthelatterpartofthe fourthcentury.Thereitwasseen andcopied,sofarastheLikenessis concerned,bysomenotablepilgrim fromRome.He,onhisreturn,causedthemosaicsintheapseatSta Pudenzianatobeconstructed.These, asMr.GeorgeJefferyhasshown,are indubitablytheworkofareturnedpilgrimfromJerusalem.Theyshowthe HillofCalvaryandtheConstantinian AnastasisandBasilicabehindthefigure ofChrist.Moreover,theyarethe earliestmosaicswhichhavetheportraitandwecandatethemaccurately atA.D.398.

ThelaterRomanmosaicsfollowthe leadofStaPudenziana,butbecome lesshumanandmoresternandJovelike.Theynoneofthemhavethe dividedbeard.Fromthemisderived theLikenessasconceivedbythegreat paintersoftheRenaissance,andfrom themagaincomesthetraditionalLikenessacceptedto-day.

In438,orthereabouts,theShroud probablycametoConstantinople. There,inthesecularcapitalofthe Christianworld,itwasfarmoreaccessiblethanithadbeenatJerusalem.

ThepicturesofOurLordinthe Catacombsdonotgobackbeyondthe laterpartofthefourthcenturyand sothey,too,maybederivedfromthe Shroud.Byfarthemostimportant istheoneintheCatacombofSS. PietroeMarcellino.Itshows"ahigh brow,almond-shapedeyesshadedby darkeyebrows,thenosethin,the mouthopenasiftospeak,alongpointedbeard,fineovalface,andrichchestnutlocksfallingtotheshoulders."It isfullface.Therearemanyother picturesofChristintheCatacombs, buttheyareallofthesametype,and allseem,likethemosaicsinthechurches,tobederivedfromtheoriginalat StaPudenziana.Nonehasthedivided beardandallarefullface,withoneexception,intheCatacombofDomitilla, whichisprofile.Onemayclassthem allwithouthesitationasearlyfifth century,oratbestbelongingtothe verylastyearsofthefourth.They cannotwellbelaterthanthefirstyears ofthefifthcentury,forintheyear405 burialinthecemeteriesoutsidethe wallsceasedforever.Forthatwas theyearofthesackofRomebyAlaric, when,inSt.Jerome'sstrikingphrase, "inonesinglecityalltheworldperished."ThepicturesofChristinthe Catacombswerepaintedonwallsand vaultsalreadyancient,butthemselves mustbeamongthelatestpaintings there.Itisnotthroughanytradition preservedintheCatacombs,assome recentwriterswouldmaintain,that theknowledgeoftheFaceofChristhas beengiventous.TheHolyShroud seemstoremainalone,theonlypossiblesource'fromwhichthemuchloved Likenesscanhaveoriginated.

ABargain

EdwardDoherty

In1935,Iwassenttointerview FatherCharlesCoughlan,theradio priest,andtheageofmiraclescame intomylife.

Ihadbeenassignedtointerviewhim ayearbefore. 1hadmanagedtosee him,aftertwoweeksofeffort,buthe hadrefusedtotalk.

OurslerhadbeencausticwhenIreportedmyfailure.America'sstarreporterwasn'tsupposedtoflop,especiallyonastoryconcerningaCatholic priest.Itwasuptomeonthissecondoccasiontoredeemmyreputation, tomakethebosseathisironicwords.

ThistimeIhadbloodinmyeye,and FatherCoughlinsawit."Youthought," hesaid,"you'dfinditeasytogeta storyfromaCatholicpriest.Justbecauseyou'reaCatholic--"

"Holdon,Isaid."I'mnotaCatholic. Ididthinkitshouldbesimple.I thoughtapriestwasashepherd,willingandeagertohearthebleatofant sheep.Itwasmucheasiertoseethe Pope,Iassureyou.But---"

IfI'dshothisreverencehecouldn't havelookedmoresurprisedorshocked. "You'renotaCatholic?Youwere hornone,though."

"Andraisedone.lintI'vebeen awayfromtheChurchforsixteen years."

FATHERCHARLESCOUGHLAN.

"I'llgiveyouastoryifyou'llgo hacktotheChurch." Itwasmyturntobesurprisedand shocked."Youmeanyouwantme tosellmysoulforastory?"Henodded. "Sold,"Isaid. wenthacktotheChurch.

WHYDOESN'TTHEPOPEDO SOMETHING?

(ContinuedfromPage2.'

!wail..Theforces,theinfluencesthat aretorenewthelaceuttheearth,must springfrommenshearts.-

Thissoundslikepiouscanttothe majorityofmen.Politicalleaders maypaysuchanotionlipservice,but, astheiractionsprove,thereislittle convictionintheirhearts.Speaking ofthevariousproposalsfora"new order,"theHolyFatherasks,"Isit reallytobeadifferent,isitreallyto bewhatismoreimportant)abetter andahappierage?"Andhegoeson, "Thedayonwhichvictorydawnsmay bringtriumphtohimwhohaswonit, butthereisdangerforhiminthat moment:anewconflicthasbegun,this timebetweentheangelofjusticeand thedevilofcoercion"

llegrantsthat"ourpresenttroubles mayhavetheeffectofopeningmany blindeyes."May.Butthesignsof anyuniversalawakeningarediscouraginglyfew.ThatiswhythePope says,"Therearemorereasonsthanone forapprehendingthatthehourofdarknessisuponus;anhourinwhichthe stormsofviolenceanddiscordpour out,asfromachaliceofblood,countlesssorrows,countlesstroublesupon theearth."We"areexperiencing,as yetperhaps,onlythebeginningsof sorows."Norhasanynation,asyet littleaffectedbythecrisis,anycause forcomplacency."Acommonperil, oneandthesameeverywhere,hangs overusall."Theentirehumanfamilyseemsheadedintoaperiodof "spiritualbankruptcyandimpotence forvirtue,"whenweshallreap"the harvestwhichwillgrowupfromthe darkseedsofviolenceandanimosity, forwhichwarisnowtracingfurrows inblood."

Asickeningprospect,yousay.Indeeditis."Andyet,"writestheHoly Father,"asWethinkofthebitter troublesthatarenowbrewing,and shudderatthethoughtofworsetroublestocome,WefeelitOurdutyall themoretodirectmen'smindsand ..r..,...1.0,11.000441.00.0004.4101141

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hearts,wheregoodwillisstilltobe tumidamongthem,towardsIlimwho alonecanbringsalvationtomankind. inshand,mercifulandalmighty,can checktheragingulthistempest.ibis truth,hislovecanenlightentheunoerstandmgandkindletheresolveoh thosemanywhoarenowtossedupon thewatersoferror,thetide01recklessself-love,thewavesofanimosity andstrife.Theymustbebrought back,theymustbeformedanew,to theholypatternandspiritofJesus Christ."

YounoticethattheHolyFatherdoes notholdoutanyglitteringsuggestion ofaspectacularmiraclerestoring peace.Godcouldsurelyworksucha wonder.Butwemustalwaysremembertwothings:first,thatliemadeus tree;and,secondly,that,whetheror nutweacknowledgethefact,welive inamoralorder.HegivesusHis gracetohelpustodowhatisright. ButHedoesnotdestroyorcrippleour freeinitiative.Andtheconsequences ofourfreeactionswemustbear.The onesourceofconsolationthatwehave aswedrinktherevoltingcupwhich ouruwnevil-doinghasbrewed,isthis thought:that,whilewelive,wecan alwaysbeginanew.Wecanalways turnbacktoGodandberoyallyreceived.Butconversionmustprecede salvation.

Theprescription'selements,asset clownbytheVicaroftheDivinePhysician,whocomeswithhealinginIns wings,are:(1)acknowledgmentand serviceofGod;(2)livingeveryphase oflife,whetheritbethelifeofthe individualorthelivesofnations,accordinglytoGodlyprinciples,particularlythoseofjusticeandcharity,with particularattentionto(3)socialjustice;(4)theprotectionandfostering ofthat"primaryandindispensablecell ofhumansociety,"thefamily,against whichsomanyelementsinmodernlife areinconspiracy;(5)educationdevotednotonlytodevelopingpowers ofmindandbodyandtheformation inthechildofasocialandcivicsense, (cutalsototellinghimofhisnature andhisdestiny;(6)government"accordingtothedirectionsofanorder ofthingswhichisimmutablebecause itreposesontheuniversallawsand principleswhichgovernit."

Willthis"renewalofmen'sminds," thisremakingofthefaceoftheearth, heeasy?No.Thereare"formidable difficultiesandobstacles...inthisage asperhapsinnoother."Butitcan bedone.God'sgraceisnotlacking. Itaboundsandsuperabounds.AddressinghimselftoCatholics,theHoly Fathertellsthemthattheyhaveamissiontoperform,apriestlyworktodo. Ileurgesthemtoarmthemselveswith prayer,mortification,thesacramental aids,to"liveinthesamebondoffaith andcharity,sothatmenmayseethe pourerandtheactiveinfluenceofthe AtonementofChrist."Thuswillthey demonstratetotheirdisillusionedand despondentfellowsthatpeaceliesnot intheswordbutinthewoodofthe cribofBethlehemandtheCrossof Calvary.

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