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PERTH, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1921
(8 PAGES)
IRELAND
Centuries of Strife Ended.
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VOL. XLV
PRICE 3d
FREE STATE
Protracted Negotiations Culminates in Peace Settlement
Sides Overwhelmning Expressions of Joy and Gratitude on All Spontaneous Exultation and Thanksgiving the World Over LONDON, December 6.
Australian Press Association understands that the Irish Conference The was a long series of discussions. in order delegates sometimes separated reunited so discuss new proposals, and one. to settle the points raised one by the Bargaining was centred chiefly on parand principle of allegiance the was tition. Lord Birkenhead in this dominant personality proposed Government phase. The a formula of allegiance on which at the Sinn Feiners were strikingly forThe Government put variance. ward a second proposal of a personal Emoath of allegiance to the British Free pire, the King, and the Irish new the of member Rate from every This was warmly Irish Legislature. discussed for an hour and a half. Just before midnight the Sinn Feiners presented their own proposals for a personal oath of allegiance to the British Commonwealth of Nations and the Irish Free State, and a personal declaration acknowledging the King as On of the Commonwealth. 4' _ this. with one important modification. agreed. finally tli delegates The Government put the Ulster case The Sinn Fein's invery strongly. structions were to demand a time limit for Ulster coming in, and periods of from five to seven years were menThe Government proved imtioned. Finally, through Mr. Colmovable. lins' good offices, an understanding was and the delegates signed, at, arrived A copy shook hands. and departed. was taken to Sir James Craig by Mr. Lloyd George's secretary in a special train and destroyer. Mr. Lloyd George is arranging to summon Parliament immediately. On the general question Ireland will status, which Go-- means that instead of the Britisir vernment binding them by provisions. they are trusted to work out their own Ulster will be free to exdestiny. press the right to maintain its existing status, but will not receive any more than it has under the present status. The
to
which they live the Irish grievance fact-that in the country,weinhave taunted for years-generations, inelse's. been beguiled and derided, blackmailed and Here in Australia was Ireland's concern and no one phrase that Australia that was bad, coupled, of course, with the epithetical marked as disloyalists, and everything the actual practices of cableniongers in London, and the of experience light In own." "had enough troubles of its If Australia had Britain. of Great and the Dominions question for Australia Ireland has indeed been a real live why should we be regaled morning after morning with news concerning certain no concern with Ireland's destiny, been allowed to has propaganda so vitrolic or day Every Ireland? happenings in and prospects for the future There has been a baneful one source, and that was anti -Irish. ooze through the cables from almost exclusively peoEnglish-speaking yet world, and throughout the Irish exiled the at series of epithets hurled through the press Throughout Governments that Ireland's troubles were not their's! ples have been told by their representative Austraimportant one for most a become had of Ireland the cause late, of the negotiations that have nroceeded women have had perforce to seek shelter and establish a home. lia, and any other country where Irish men and most important event in history uppermost in the minds of every Indeed, to-day the topic of conversation ofandthethechildren and youth of this great free country is Ireland as a Free adult and of a considerable proportion to every country where Irish exiles have attained the importance gigantic of been has destiny State. Ireland's native land. Such a state of affairs has been a gross in their them full rights of citizenship, for centuries denied the intelligence of the most gifted race on earth, a people whom God insult to civilisation, and a grosser insult toelement progress, the arts and sciences, learning, industry, of human was pleased to endow with every essential of spirituality of which the Irish people from the days and above and beyond all that marvellous tocharacteristic time, have been the faithful custodians as true and trustthe present down of St. Patrick, in the 6th. century, particulars of agreement and the compact drawn up and signed ed evangelisers of God's children upon earth. The Statesmen appear We are distinctly proud to be hereunder. the Irish and by Great Britain's representatives relative to the understanding and mutual agreement in the position of chronicling this week at least something that will be worthy of something do issue to week's our next in hope We countries. arrived at between the two great movement for Irish Self Government, and the occasion by producing an Irish issue, which will reflect the unparale lied chivalry of the people-men, be a very brief outline of the heroic struggles, perseverance, andwould be wise who could prophecy to what exHe women and children alike-of holy and intellectual Ireland. tent the beneficience of this long -prayed for settlement will mean, not only to Ireland or Australia or the Empire, but the whole world. If it breaks away under the contracting out provisions, Ulster will be afforded every facility to reach an agree-
PADRAIG PEARSI, Philosopher, Poet, and Remo.
ment with the Sinn Feb Government. Regarding internal affairs. both sides to the conference agreed to reconn mend the new scheme to their respective Cabinets, with a view to expediting its acceptance in order to create peace at the earliest opportunity. The main settlement between Sinn Fein and the British Government will not be affected by a refusal on the part of Ulster. Moreover, the Premier's declaration thaLUIster will not be coerced will not be departed from in tke.jetter or spirit, and any settlement must have the approval of the British Government and of Ulster. The British Cabinet has unanimously approved of the draft agreement, and Parliament will meet next week.
Lloyd George has reason to be Happy
London, December 6.
It was reported this morning that an Irish agreement had been reached. with re. reported to have agreed to a new formula
Terms of the Treaty LONDON, Dec. 6.
BETWEEN GREAT TEl AGRV.P.MENT, ENTITLED "A TREATY TO -DAY. BRITAIN AND IRELAND," WAS SIGNED status shall have the same constitutional Australia, The first article says that Ireland at the British Empire as Canada, make to in the community of nations knownwith powers a Parliament having New Zealand, and South Africa, an Executive government of Ireland, andFree laws for the peace, order, and good State. Irish and it shall be styled the the position of the responsible to that Parliament, to provisions, The second article sets forth that, subject shall be the same as Irish Free State in relation to the Imperial Parliament that of Canada. in Ireland shall be Crown the of Article No. 3 says that a representative Governor-General of Canada. appointed in like manner to the allegiance. of The fourth article gives the oathIrish Free State shall assume liability for The fifth article says that the to the present date, and for the payits public debt to the United Kingdom as may be fair and equitable, the ment of war pensions in such proportion by arbitration by indeamount being determined, in default of an agreement, pendent citizens of the Empire. is made between the arrangement an until that provides article The sixth which the Irish Free State shall undertake British and Irish Governments by of Britain and Ireland shall be underits own coastal defence, the sea defence This does not prevent Ireland from taken by his Majesty's Imperial forces. fishfor the protection of revenue and for maintaining the vessels necessary years' hence with the view of Irefive reviewed be shall article eries. This defence. coastal land undertaking a share of her own shall afford to that the Irish Government The seventh article determinestime of peace harbour and other facilities, his Majesty's Imperial Forces inrelations such harbour Power foreign a and in time of war or strainedmay require with for the purposes of defence. and other facilities as Britain of observance the securing of view the The eighth article says that with of armaments, if the Irish Governthe principle of the international limitation not of it shall establishments the force defence ment establishes a military as that which the populaexceed such proportion of the British establishments Britain. tion of Ireland bears to the populationtheof ports and the Irish Free Britain of The ninth article sets forth that ships of any other country, on the payment State shall be freely open to thedues. of the customary port or other shall agree to pay fair The tenth article says that the Irish Government of 1920, to judges, officials, compensation, not lees favourable than the Act in consequence of the or retiring police, and other public servants discharged does not apply to' members of the change of Government. This agreement the Irish constabulary for by Britain recruited persons auxiliary police force or responsibility during the last two years. The British Government assumes the for such compensation. month front a of expiration The eleventh article provides that until thethe treaty, the powers of the the passing of an Act of Parliament ratifying and Ireland, Northern to respect with Irish Free State shall not be exercisable to Northern Ireland shall remain in full the provisions of the 1920 Act relating in the to serve members of return the for held be shall force. No election for constituencies in Northern Ireland, unParliament of the Irish Free StateIreland passes a resolution in favour of the less the Parliament of Nortaern the said month. holding of such elections before the end of the expiration of the said The twelfth article provides that if before an address to his Majesty that present Ireland Northern of month both Houses of the Irish Free State shall no the powers of Parliament and Government Act of 1920, including longer extend to Northern Ireland, the provisions ofasthe they relate to Northern as far shall, these relating to the Council of Ireland,
Albert s $OH,
by the Dail should have been ratified open the seswill Eireann. The Kingand a day or after state, sion in full probably will two's debate Parliament when a ratiadjourn to January 30, drafted. fying Bill will have been in the The publication, of the terms jubilaaroused papers Dublin evening the that generally tion and it is agreed Irish State constitution of the the oathFree no leave and the terms of advancroom for criticism by the most ed Sinn Feiners. most ferThe settlement aroused thewhere eyed vent enthusiasm in Dublin, extolled the the extremist Nationalists saying that London, in work delegates' peace that glad they were honestly with freedom had been won at last. have Many services of thanksgiving Messages indicating been arranged. the reaching are satisfaction supreme Sinn Fein headquarters fromtheallendcorof ners of Ireland, welcoming Limerick the bloody feud. Cork and Boyne, are with towns north of the On joining in the general isjubilation. dour and susthe contrary, Belfast openly picious, the Unionists declaring be in an even that Sinn Fein will now war on III stronger position to wage boycott and the by liter economically, do not beother means. The Unionists Fein Sinn the of reality the lieve in feeling of concessions, and the general indepression and uneasiness has been speech. Birkenhead's tensified by Lord
of the British Commonwealth of Nations, have been The Irish, no matter in what corner of any Dominion with England
The Irish Conference is yard to the allegiance question. Sir James Craig the teat of The Government has submitted already to the agreement, which provides for mutual concessions. the terms of the agreement The Sinn Fein delegates are confident that will be acceptable to Southern Ireland. with Ulster, whose difficulty any Mr. Lloyd George does not anticipate rights are fully safeguarded in the agreement. -day. The Conference terminated at 1.20 a.m. to a Press representative that A member of the British Cabinet informed terms of it would be communithe that and an agreement had been reached, cated to-day. last evening to Mr. Lloyd His Majesty the King gave an hour's audience George in connection with Irish affairs.
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THE ORGAN OF THE ARCHDIOCESE OF PERTH
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INVERNESS. AT THE KING AND LLOYD GEORGE meeting specialPhoto. taken just prior to the momentous British Cabinet summoned te discuss one of Sinn Fein's usual cogent replies to British offer. Government's
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if such an address be presented Ireland, continue in full force, provided that by the Irish Free State, another a commission of three people, one appointed appointed by the British by Northern Ireland, and the third, as chairman, wishes of the inhabitants, the with accordance in determine shall Government, geographical conditions and economic the as far as may be compatible with and the rest of Ireland. Such the boundaries between Northernof Ireland as to this instrument. well as 1920 Act the purposes the boundary applies to of the foregoing The thirteenth article sets forth that for the purposes under the Act of Ireland of Southern Parliament article the powers of the by the Parexercised 1920 to elect members to the Council of Ireland shall be State. Free Irish liament of the is presented in a month to The fourteenth article says that if no address shall continue to exercise the Parliament the Government of NortherntheIreland Parliament and Government of the powers conferred by the 1920 Act, but in relation to matters in reIrish Free State shall in Northern Ireland have, has not the power to make spect of which the Parliament of Northern Ireland matters which under laws, the same powers as in the rest of Ireland, including of Ireland. Council of the the 1920 Act are within the jurisdiction 'the Government of hereafter time any at that says article The fifteenth of Southern Ireland hereNorthern Ireland and the Provisional Government discussing provisions, includinafter constituted may meet for the purpose of in Northern Ireland; ing the following:-(a) Safeguards regarding patronage (c) safeguards (b) safeguards regarding the revenue of Northern Ireland; industry of Northand trade the affecting duties export regarding import and (e) the Ireland; ern Ireland; (d) safeguards for the minorities in Northern Northern Ireland and the Irish settlement of the financial relations between in Northern militia local of powers Free State; (f) the establishment of the forces of the Irish Free State and Ireland, and the relation of the defence provisions are agreed Northern Ireland respectively. If at any such meeting the provisions set out to they shall have the saute effect as if included among article.' in the fourteenth Irish Free The sixteenth article says that neither the Parliament of the directly or make any law State nor the Parliament of Northern Ireland shall exercise free the or restricting indirectly endowing any religion, or prohibiting of religious thereof, or give any preference or impose any disability on account child to attend belief or religious status, or affect prejudicially the right of any at the a school receiving public money without attending religious instruction State respecting discrimination make any not shall Parliaments The school. denominations, religious aid between schools under the management of different its or divert from any religious denomination or educational institution anyofofcomproperty, except for public utility purposes, and after the payment pensation. the The seventeenth article says that as a provisional arrangement for the present administration of Southern Ireland during the interval between Free Irish the of and Government the Parliament of constitution the time and of ParState, steps shall be taken forthwith to summon a meeting of members Act, and liament elected for constituencies in Southern Ireland since the 1920 with the Government, British The constituting a provisional Government. that powers and machinery requsite for the discharge of its duties, provided her his or in writing signify shall Government provisional every member of the This arrangement shall not continue in force acceptance of this instrument. year. a than longer for The eighteenth article provides that this instrument shall be submitted by the Irish signaforthwith for the approval of the British Parliament, and of Commons og tories to a meeitug of members elected to sit in the House Southern Ireland, and, if approved, shall be ratified by the necessaryMr.legislation. Winston Birkenhead, Lord George, by Mr. Lloyd signed is treaty The Churchill, Sir L. Worthington -Evans, Sir Hamar Greenwood, SirMr.Gordon E. J. Hewart, Mr. A. Griffith, Mr. Michael Collins, Mr. R. C. Barton, Duggan, and Mr George Gavan Duffy.
The Oath of Allegiance
The following is the Oath of Allegiance agreed upon :of the "I do solemnly swear true faith and allegiance to thebe constitution faithful to George Irish Free State as by law established. and that I will citizenship Ireland of the Fifth, his heirs and successors. in virtue of the of with Great Britain and her adherence to the membership of the group nations forming the British Commonwealth of Nations."
London, Dec. 7. "This has been the happiest day of may life. An age -long problem has been solved." These were the first words uttered by Mr. Lloyd George when the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed. A few minutes previously Mr. Lloyd George had given an undertaking regarding a small adjustment of terms anti Mr. Arthur Griffith said: "With that, Mr. We Lloyd George, we are satisfied. will sign." The document was placed before the Prime Minister, who added his signature, and then turned with a smile to Messrs. Collins and Griffith When all the signatures had been added the Prime Minister stretched out his hands and clasped those of Messrs. Griffith and Collins, saying: "This is the dawn of a new era for Ireland and Britain." As "Big Ben" chimed 2.30 the Irishmen left to telegraph the news to Mr. De Valera, while Mr. Lloyd George communicated with the King at Sandringham. So the Irish settlement came into being. Late on Tuesday evening the Cabinet decided that the House of Commons and House of Lords should be summoned for the 14th inst. to consider the agreement. By then the treaty
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