.4
Wrgf linfraHan COBlif trfarli. No. 13.-VoL. II.
SUBIACO, TUESDAY, JULY 6, 1875.
PRICE 6D.
Hence at Florence the union of the reformation of business of election of Pope and Bishops. Church. the Latins was effected in SUMMA CONCILIORUM BREVIS- tical laws framed fot the It is worth notice that in this Council Armenians with among Christians. A decree authorizmorals SIMA. niade clearly 1439, of the Jacobites with the Latins in ing an expedition for the recovery of the there is for the first time of the Syrians with the at Rome and 1441, of CongreHoly Places was likewise published, and the apparent vestiges and indications meet- Latins in 1444, and of the Chaldeans and election of Frederick II. as Roman Emperor gations having been formed, or private
( Concluded.)
ings having been held, in addition to the Maronites in 1445. was confirmed. public sessions, for the sake of expediting THE SEVENTEENTH (ECUMENICAL COUNCIL.COUNCIL.compiled (ECUMENICAL Document THIRTEENTH THE and carrying on more conveniently the (Translatedfrom the Latin THE FIFTH OF LATERAN. THE FIRST OF LYONS. business of the Council. and publishedb Myr. Fowler, Secretary of . Tlds Council was summoned in 1512 by the Vatican -Council, and printed by perThis Council was summoned in 1245 by THE FIFTEENTH CECUNIENICAL COUNCIL.- Pope Julius the Second, " In order," as les mission of. the Ai aster of the Sacred Palace.) Pope Innocent the Fourth, for reasons which VIENNE. said in his Bull of Indictinn, " that old THE TENTH (ECUMENICAL COUNCIL-THE he himself has stated in his own words This Council was held at Vienne in France, heresies, which were not yet extinct in some letters in his says, he become," We have " OF LATERAN. SECOND under Pope Clement the Fifth, parts of Christendom, and the present most " We have become most in 1311-12, objects. To decide the fate of the wicked schism might lie entirely uprooted : This Council was called in 1139, by Pope of convocation, and anxious at heart how to pro- for threeof Templars, to set on foot a new in order that he himself might consult how solicitous condemn to order in Second, the Inuocent through the merciful intercession of the Order the heresies of his time, especially those of vide, expedition to the Holy Land, and to bring to bring about a reformation of planners a means of dispelling the horror of state of things in the Church. bah among clerics and lairs, and how to Peter de Bruys, and Arnold of Brescits, like- saints, now troubles the Church, about a better that storm this folschismatic the chide severely wise to The Acts of this Council have not been secure the blessings of peace in the stead of Christendom throughout religion makes and preserved. The Pope, who presided, and the calamities of threatened wars, so that lowers of Peter Leo, and to bring about a weak and faint. Hence we have been and many other prelates were each man might possess what belonged to better state of things in society at large, grow to call upon the kings of the earth 300 Bishops induced this of Acts The depraved. then much present at it. During the second session him, aryl justice and peace might kiss each their to raise Christendom of princes and Philip the Fair, King of France, was present other ; and in order that litmus the faithful Council are not extant. Tile Pope himself powerful arms and by timely aid to enable with his sons and brother. of Christ, gatlicscd together in peace and presided. There were nearly 1,000 Bishops herself in her present preserve to Church the The Great " was called it present, and hence There were three sessions. The first was unity, might in the name of God the more relief such render ; to unblemished Council." The number of sessions of this positon held on the 16th of October, 1311. The easily and readily enter upon another formidto the Roman Empire as will afford it the Council is not known. It was held in the means of delivering the Holy Land from the second was not held until the 3rd of April, able expedition against the infidel." in this days. 17 This delay was caused by the absence 'The Acts of this Council are all extant. middle of Lent, and lasted deplorable state in which we behold 1312. Council the Pope coisimatided the multitude present establishing en efficacious barrier of the King of France, who did not arrive They were published by authority at Rome and of it. that date. The third was held oil the 1521). of prelates present to adhere strictly to the any further inroads of the Tartars, until of May, so that the Council was kept statutes of the Holy Fathers. There were against in Julius the second and, after his death, Leo further insults from scoffers of 6th published during this Council. 30 canons. against and against any future injuries open for nearly 7 months. the Tenth, elected Pope during the Connell One of them (c. 23) anathematized those religion, persecutors of Christian people ; In this Council the Order of Templars was by the College of Cardinals, according to the the There were many usual form, presided at the sessimats of this extinct. heretics who rejected Infant Baptism, the fromlikewise to find some solution to the pronounced as anti MatriPriesthood, the Eucharist, Holy constitutions framed ; some condemned the Council. There were about 120 Bishops the between exist that difficulties present Another (c. 30) deprived of all others regarded ecclesias- present, and as the object of the Ceuncil ens mony. herself and the temporal prince errors of the time external effect the ordinations given by Church tical discipline, and one touched upon dogma. to put an end to the schism and to hiring II.) who now assails het." (Frederick were rest The heretics. and of " Usury." These about another expedition against the Turks, question schismatics It was on the A very short record of the ceremonies, intended to correct the depraved morals of constitutions known as the "Clementine many representatives of Kings and Princes still is Council this of Acts and solemnities, the age and to reform ecclesiastical discipline, Constitutions," have been since inserted in were likewise present. After a previous preserved under the title of Brevis Note the body of Canon Law. solemn Congregation, in which it was decreed so that a better state of things might be eorum quay in Concilio Lugdunensi generali established throughout society. to open the Council, its twelve sessions gesta suet. CONSTANCE. began on the 3rd of May 1512, and continued THE ELEVENTH CECUMENICAL COUNCIL.The Pope presided in person at this In the first THE THIRD OF LATERAN. This Council was assembled in 1414, until the 16th of March, 1517. condemnation Council. There were present 140 Bishops, the 7 sessions of this Council the for This Council was summoned in 1179 by and many Abbots and Procurators of Chap- whilst three candidates contended XXIII., Gregory XII., of the Colleen of Pisa as fomenting schism Pope Alexander the Third, in order to ters. Moreover, Baldwin, the second Empe- Papal Throne, John the form of a was pronounced ; and in the last 5 sessions regulate the election of the Sovereign Pontiff ror of Constantinople, was present, as also and Benedict XIII. It tookChurch in 1418, a dogma of faith was published in which in such a manner as henceforth to give no some other lay princes, ambassadors of kings, General Council of the Fifth. Its objects some errors regarding the nature of the soul occasion for dispute or cause for schism ; to and the representatives of the Emperor under Pope Martin the the great schism, to and the connection between philosophical bring about a better state of morality in Frederick II., whose deposition was power- were to put an end to union and peace. truth and theology were condemned. Moresociety, then much corrupted, and in order fully advocated by his opponents, and as re-establish in the Church reform morals. over, there were some constitutions drawn to put a stop to the spreading heresy of the powerfully opposed by his friends, and to destroy heresies, and to still extant. up for the reformation of ecclesiastical dishence, for the protection of the l'ope and 'The Acts of this Council are Cat had. underJohn XXIII. presided at the first and cipline, and in order to encourage the The Acts of this Council arc not extant. Council, an armed guard was stationed outMartin V. at the last takingof another expedition against the Turks There were inure than 300 Bishops present, side. There were three sessions, which second sessions, and -run over to about 200 Bishops, as well who were at that time threatening and the Pope himself presided. It was held lasted about 20 days, from the 28th of June four sessions, and the Emperor, Christendom. Also towards the close of Sigismund prelates, many as only were of following. stli July there 17th or anti Lent, the of to middle in the the " Pragmatic Sanction as it In this Council the sentence of excom- other princes and many representatives were this Council three sessions, which lasted only fifteen days, was called, which had been drawn up by Council. i.e., from the 5th of March to the 19th of the munication and deposition was solemnly present at this King of France, and to which VII., There were 45 sessions. They began on Charles sate month. In this (awned the Pope com- pronounced against the Roman Emperor, 1414, and on account the assembly of Basle would have impiously manded that the 27 Chapters should as far Frederick II. There were 17 chapters of the 5th of November, found in putting and most absurdly given the character and as possible be observed-in 'Which a setter laws framed, sonic for the purpose of of the very great difficulty the Council did weight of a concordat, was abolished, and a schism, great to the end an to supplies Pontiff was of the transmission Sovereign of a regulating form of election satisfactory concordat between Pope Leo X. 1418. prescribed-through the means of which the the Iloly Land, to the Latin Empire of Con- not close until the 22nd of April, At this Council, however, this grave and and Francis the First, King of France, was then existing evils, which had been occasioned stantinople, to Poland, to Russia, and to happily terminated, and John framed, confirmed, and promulgated. Some by the late schism in the Church, might be Hungary, in order to enable those countries long schism with very difficult and very long transactions uprooted, and by which heretics might be to put a stop to the Ravages of the barbarians. Wickliffe and John Huss, together concerning the abolition of the "Pragmatic reproved. The maternal solicitude of the The rest of the laws for the most part per- their errors, were condemned. In November, 1417, Martin V. was recog- Sanction," and concerning the new concordat Church was likewise shown in this Council tained to ecclesiastical discipline. There with the King of France were the cause Pope, concerning the election of Bishops, the rights was also a wise provision made for the future nized by all as the lawfully -elected close. why this Council, "contrary to the custom and presided over the Council until its of patrons, and the instruction of the people, administration of Church property. Councils," as Pope Leo asserts in Other Ecclesiastical laws Innocent at this He likewise published some decrees or con- of sacred especially of poor children, gratis. the reformation of ecclesiastical his confirmation of it, "and with inconfor stitutions they but promulgated, solemnly Council THE TWELFTH (ECUMENICAL COUNCIL.and loss to the Bishops and their were only such as he had himself previously discipline, and in the last session approved of venience sometimes THE FoURTH OF LATERAN. and ratified all that the Council in matters Churches," was so protracted that enforced. and more intervened between year This Council was held in 1215 by the Faith definCd conciliariler, and there- a whole of had (ECUMENICAL COUNCIL.Great Pope Innocent the Third, for the THE FOURTEENTH fore in these definitions the Council was one session and another. THE SECOND OF Lvomss. reformation of the whole Church and the received as (Ecumenical, although it is not THE EIGHTEENTH (ECUMENICAL COUNCIL.in 1274 under Pope ranked among (Ecumenical Councils, because This Council was held recovery of the Holy Laud. " In this TRENT. bring of conto in order letters his the Tenth, in Gregory Council," says Innocent in some of its sessions it was not (Ecumenical. This Council was held under the Popes vocation, " let statutes be drawn up for about the union of the Greek and Latin THE SIXTEENTH CECUMENICAL COUNCIL.- Paul the Third, Julius the Third, and Pius inviolable observance, such as are capable of Churches, to obtain supplies for the Holy FLORENCE the Fourth. It began in 1545 and did not extirpating vices, establishing virtues, cor- Land, and to reform morals " In this This Council, commonly called the Council c'.ose until 1563. it was summoned in order recting excesses, reforming morals, lopping Council," says Pope Gregory in Isis letters of under Poise to defend the Catholic faith against the off heresies, strengthening faith, putting an convocation, " with common consent, and the of Florence, was assembled at innovators of the 16th century, and to bring end to discords, establishing peace, doing approbation of all here assembled, let some Eugenius the Fourth. It was begun in about the reformation of ecclesiastical disFlorence at continued 1438, in henceFerrara may true that be provided encouraging powerful means oppression, with away cipline. There were present at this Council liberty, and inducing princes and all Christian forth conduce in every ray with the help of 1439, and closed at Rome. It was summoned at it, about for the purpose of uniting the Greek ('hunch besides the legates who presided people, clerics and lairs, to bring timely help God to the salvation of souls." with the 200 ,Bishops, 7 Abbots, and 7 Generals of Churches Oriental other of this and the Places of Acts holy record the short of rescuing A very and the means mistress of Orders, and the representatives of the from the hands of the infidel. In fine, what- Council is still preserved under the same Roman Church, the mother andthis Council Emperor and of other kings and princes. all the Churches. The Acts of ever it may seem to the Council is nest title as that of the preceding Council. were 25 sessions ; 10 of theist were There were 500 Bishops, 60 or 70 Abbots, are extant in Greek and Latin. There were There muter calculated to bring about -the good of prelates Paul III., from the 13th of who pre- held and subjects, secular and regular, and is and about a thousand other minor Prelates present at this Council the Pope, Emperor December, 1545, to the 2nd of June, 1547, most expedient for the greater glory of present at this Council, and the Pope him- sided, and about 200 Bishops. The wills a then after a prorogation of 4 years other six God's Holy none, for the good and salvation self presided. James, Ring of Aragon, the of the Greeks, John Pidreologus,was like- were held under Julius the Third, from the of souls, and for the progress and benefit of Ambassadors of the Greek Emperor and of splendid and numerous retinue, of this 1st of May, 1351, to the 28th of April, 1552 : all Christian people, let it be resolved upon." the King, of Tartary, and sonny other wise present. The Greek record then in flue, after a suspension of ten years, The Acts of this Council are not extant. representatives of Princes, were likewise Council states that there were 25 sessions, during which time two Popes, Mareellus the the Latin record mentions only 22. The Pope presided at it in person. There present. were elected, At this Council, from the 8th of October Second and Paul the Fourth and There were six sessions. After the first were 412 Bishops, anti more than 81)0 Abbots died ; the public sat in the chair of S. Peter, and Priors, besides a very great number of three the Council was prorogued for a month, to the 30th December, 1438, the Pius the under held were sessions 9 other .and ; from the representatives of all the Princes of Christen- on account of the Greeks not having arrived, sessions were held at Ferrara they were held Fourth, frosts the 18th January, 1562, to the so that, although it began on the 7th of May, to the 22nd of March, 1439, dom, present. many were was 4th of December, 1563. There At this Council there was not only a it did not end until the 17th of July fol- at Florence ; after float much delay open 18 caused by the long treatises that were reasons why this Council was kept question of another expedition of Crusaders lowing. viz., devastating wars and bitter Towards the close of this Council the written on the manner in which the union years, between princes, a contagious plague, against the Saracen, the common enemy of July, discords all Christian people, to be set on foot, but Procurator of the Greek Emperor, in the should be effected ; but on the 6th of the absence of Bishops, the long delay of the a bitter rivalry between Otho and Frederick name of the Emperor, read aloud before all 1439, with the consent and to the satisfaction most care- Protestants before' presenting themselves, about the Holy Roman Empire, if possible, the Roman profession of faith, and to the of all, the decree, which had beenchosen from and the waist of necessary previous preparagreat joy and satisfaction of all, the perfect fully prepared by 20 prelates to be brought to an end. the tions ; and al t hostels there were 25 sessions, 13 There were three sessions, and the Council union of the Greeks with the Latin Church both sides, was promulgated, announcing only were occupied with matters concerning Greek. and Latin union of the two Churches, remained open for 20 days, from S. Martin's was effected. faith or morals, the rest were taken up with There were 31 Constitutions framed, one The Greeks then returned home. day, 11th November, to the feast of S. The Pope, Eugenius, although the Council opening the Council, suspending the Andrew Apostle, the 3Uth of the same moonlit. of them a dogmatic Constitution explaining howCouncil, and proroguing the Council. not, did Seventy chapters of statutes were drawn up. the true Catholic doctrine concerning the had effected its chief object with its con- What was done in this Council it The first contained a short definition of Holy Ghost, the rest pertaining to discipline. ever, bring it to a close until about the would take a very long tine to narrate ; and Catholic faith in opposition to the errors of Besides other matters attended to, there was tinued assistance he had brought whose since its decrees concerning faith, which have the time ; the rest were condemnations of a still more perfect formula drawn up to union of other Oriental Churches Latin been most lucidly expounded, the Catholic: heretics. There were also some ecclestias- regulate better henceforth the very serious legates had only just arrived, with the
:-
1