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HAIL POPE PAUL VI! Giovanni Battista Cardinal Montini was c reated a Cardinal on December 15, 4958, after formerly refusing the title during the pontificate of Pope Pius XII.
PAST DUO HT HIM FOR TASK
On Friday, June 21, the 65-year-old CardinalArchbishop of Milan was elected after a short conclave, begun on June 19, and took the name of Pau/ VI, the first time the name had b een chosen by a Pope since the death of Pope Paul V in 1621.
THE NEW POPE was born on September 26, 1 897, in Concesio, located on the outskirts of He received a canon law degree Brescia. from the Pontifical Seminary in Milan and was awarded a degree in Theology from the Gregorian University in Rome.
The first Cardinai to be created by the late Holy Father, iohn has now been elected to the highest office in the Church.
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A VETERAN OF SERVICE THE NEW PONTIFF, a veteran of some 30 years' service in the Vatican Secretariat of State, has made his voice heard on behalf of the Church on many fronts since his appointment as head of the Milan archdiocese in 1954. He is of medium height, spare build and has blue eyes and a light complexion. His manner is gentle and his voice soft, but he does not hesitate to use that voice effectively and often in defence of Christian ideas and ideals. As Cardinal Montini, Archbishop of Milan, he achieved Wide recognition for his unrelenting battle against communism. This has, to some extent, put in the shadow his activity as a builder of churches, his outstanding w ork on behalf of Italian Catholic Action, his efforts towards the attainment of Christian unity, and his pronouncements on the need for dynamic pastoral activity. About two years after the then Archbishop Montini became head of the Milan archdiocese, which with its 3,750,000 Catholics is Italy's largest, he had built some 45 churches. He said at the time — 1957 — that the See needed 40 more churches. About two and a half years later, he said the archdiocese needed 69 new Churches. Stressing the importance of this building programme, he said: "The programme f or the construction of new churches forms part of the general common undertaking to save our city and our c ountry from the religious and moral ruin towards Which opposing forces endeavour to lead her." The church construction boom in Milan created a new idea, the apartment house chapel, to which he had given his approval.
Many of the large co-operative apartment houses in Milan now include a central chapel to serve all the tenants. When the month's expenses are divided among the tenants, maintenance of the chapel is included.
Youths' Part Pope Paul VI, who served for some ten years as either ecclesiastical assistant or moderator to the university section of Italian Catholic Action, repeatedly stressed the need for Catholic youth to meet boldly, with the armour of Faith, the challenges of the modern world. In a speech in 1957, on the 90th anniversary of the f ounding of the Italian Youth Movement, he said: "It is up to youth to invade new regions of life, bringing to them Christian light and Jove. Defence is not enough for the Christian heart — there must be conquest." Five years before the Second Vati.lan Council was convoked by Pope John XXIII, 0-Le then ArchbEshop Montini cited the importance of an ecumenical attitude towards non-Catholics. "Is it well-professed orthodoxy to use truth as a hammer against others?" he asked in a Unity Octave sermon in February, 1957. "We must net only nourish an immense feeling of charity towards our brothers who have wandered astray, we must also learn something from them." In January, 1962, he made a statement that could be regarded as a foretelling of t h e Ecumenical Council,
HIS HOLINESS POPE PAUL VI Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Patriarch of the West, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the State of the City of the Vatican. —Illustration by courtesy of W.A. Newspapers.
which opened in October of that year. "'Our spiritual attitude towards them (non-Catholics) must change," the Cardinal said in a past aral letter. "We must no longer consider them irreducible and foreign enemies, but brothers who have been painfully detached from the life tree of the one and only true Church of Christ. One must hope sincerely that some new and great event may come to change this sad state of schism among Christians."
Pastor Pastoral function and organisation have received much attention from the new Pope. In July, 1957, while an archbishop, he spoke at the dedicatiOn in Milan of the. Faaranno House of Studies, where newly
ordained priests study for a year the methods of pastoral practice. "A change in the methods and form of (pastoral) organisation is necessary if the Gospel message is to reach that great audience represented by the common people," he said then. Pope Paul VI, who in 1953 was permitted by Pope Pius XII to refuse elevation to the cardinalate, has long been an arch foe of communism.- Six months after he was named Archbishop of Milan, he took the offensive against communism in the Lombardy region of Italy by making a speech in the suburb of Sesto San Giovanni, so powerful a Red.stronghold at the time that it was called "The Little Stalingrad." He drove home the point, to the almost 100 per cent communist worSEE PAGE FIVE DV
After his ordination on May 29, 1920, he served for a brief period as a parish priest and then enrolled in the Ecclesiastical Academy in Rome, where the Vatican's diplomats are trained. He was only 25 when he was named by Pope Pius XI to serve as an attache at the Papal Nunciature in Warsaw in 1922. He was in this post for a year, then was appointed ecclesiastical assistant to the university section of Italian Catholic Action later its moderator. In 1932, at the age of 35, he was made a clerk in the Vatican Secretariat of State by Pope Pius XI, and four years later he was promoted to the position of undersecretary to the Papal Secretary of State. This office had been held by Pope Pius XII before his election to the papacy.
archdiocese, a task that was to take him nearly two years to complete. Archbishop Montini was created a cardinal on December 15, 1958—the first to be created a cardinal by Pope John. As Cardinal Montini, he visited the United States of America twice—in 1951 and 1960. During his 1960 -Visit, the Cardinal said at a press conference in Boston that he was "very pleased to see Catholics here taking such interest in the condition of the Church in South America." He singled out for praise the missionary activities in South America of the Society of St. James the Apostle, founded by Richard Cardinal Cushing, the Archbishop of Boston.
In 1944, he was named a Vatican Substitute Secretary of State, together with the late Domenico Cardinal Tardini, and in 1952 he was n amed Pro-Secretary of State for Ordinary Affairs.
In September, 1961, at the request of Pope John XXIII, he visited all the 24 spectators injured when a racing car hurtled off the track at Italy's Grand Prix at Monza. Pope John had instructed the Cardinal to bring his condolences to relat-lyes of the victims. In 1962, Cardinal Montini visited missions and cities in Ghana, Upper Volta, Nigeria and Southern Rhodesia. Cardinal Montini was on the staff of the Sacred Congregation of the Consistory, the Council, Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, and Seminaries and Universities. Pope Paul VI has never cushioned his words when speaking against lukewarm Christianity or other things he considers objectionable, but in Milan he showed that he was gentle and considerate in his role of chief pastor of the people. In his speeches, he has criticised writers who say they need "to have experience of evil," scorned priests who have a narrow concept of their duties, cited the need for Catholics to defend their press, attackthe obscurity in some modern art, and warned against attempts to dilute ecclesiastical authority.
In 1953, when Pope Pius XII created 24 new cardinals, he revealed that he had planned to name both Monsignor Montini and Monsignor Tardini as cardinals, but they had asked him not to do so. - Referring to this in 1958, when he accepted elevation to the cardinalate during the reign of Pope John XXIII, Cardinal Montini said: "Formerly, I was allowed to refuse this dignity. And for this favour I am most grateful to Pope Pius XII. Now other circumstances compel me to accept, and for this other favour Iam no less grateful t o His Holiness Pope John XXIII."
Visitor In November, 1954, Monsignor Montini was made an archbishop a n d appointed to the See of Milan. He was enthroned in Milan's cathedral on January 6, 1955. Eight-months later he began a pastoral visitation of the 1,000 churches in the Milan
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