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YEAR. PRICE THREEPENCE. SEVENTYa9ECOND PERTH, 'WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 91, 1946.
Post-War. International Set-Up Will Require More Power Than league Effectiveness will Depend on aCourt; aPolice Force and a• Legislative ,Administrative Council
combined potential output exceeds the capacity of the world market. In other words , market quotas will have to be allocated to several comparing countries, in accordance with their respective needs and capacities in the world economy. To be sure,the principle laid down by the Holy Father would apply specifically to several practices which are unjust and harmful, and which are easily susceptible of correction. Many raw materials are controlled by monopolistic combinations , either national or international. As examples of national combinations,some of which .no longer exist, indeed, may be cited the Chilian control of sodium nitrate, the Japanese monopoly of camphor, and the American Aluminium Company's control of bauxite; among the international comb?nations the Franco-German potash syndicate, the bismuth cartel, the copper export cartel, and the international zinc cartel.
the rational Parliaments . In other words, the world legislature should deal only with those matters that aEtect lore than„one nation. That is, the relations between one and another, and their common welfare. Taking up th economic aspects of ill subject, I q•ote a statement from Pope Pius XII.'s Encyclical , " Sertum Laetitiae ;" of November 1, 1939. The, IIoly Father said: " The goods which were created by God for all men, should flaw in an equitable manner to all, according to the principles of jus• rice and charity." The second arm or element of an in13c \10NSIG1°OR JOHN' A. RYAN. The most important feature of this ternational organisation , amely, the proposition is the implication that God physical power to enforce i t srd" slid not apportion property rights along There are three aspects of an interis the one that provokes the greatest national or political lines. Ile did not national postwar organisation— ethical, amount _ of objection, scepticism and confer exclusive rights to any portion of political and economic. flippancy. the earth upon any people who leap• '1 he must important ethical aspect of The international police force would Tariffs Must 00. pen to occupy any region at any given • an international organisation is that it •be composed of the nationals of many As a rule, these raw-material comtime. is demanded by the moral law. lands. Rebels against its authority binations do not behave more generTo be sure , the nationals of every The most important political implicawould find themselves opposing not ously towards foreign purchasers than State have a prior claim upon the tions of this moral obligation can be merely one or two nationalities against created goods within its boundaries, du monopolistic concerns in control of expressed in two general and f three ehich they might bear ancient grudmanufactured products when dealing but their claim is not absolute or ex. specific propositions. ges. but the representatives of many with their fellowcitizens. They charge elusive. The former are: countries with which they had never "all that the traffic will bear:' The common right of mankind to the First, the international organisation had a quarrel. natural resources of a particular counThe whole system of protective tarwill require more comprehensive scope The most serious cause of inferno• ills ought to be drastically revised try is sometimes superior to the right and power than was possessed by the tional friction ,namely, aggression by everywhere. All high tariff rates of the country's inhabitants. League of Nations ;but it must not atone State against another, could be pre• In his Christmas message, December should be p; omptly and considerably tempt to exercise all the powers of a vepted by other sanctions than guns, reduced. In those countries whose re21, 1941 ,Pius XiI, declared: unitary superstate. bombs and torpedoes. sources are too meagre to support their Within the limits of a new order Second, it will require all the indiviEconomic embargoes and boycotts population ,without some kind of arfounded on moral principles, there is dual States to give up a considerable and the effective threat thereof, could tificial stimulus , the tariffs should be no place for that cold and calculatdegree of national sovereignty. be so organised and operated as to ran• supplanted by subsidies. All these ing egoism which lends to herd the Specific Proposals. der acts of aggression extremely rare. changes would promote the common economic resources and materials desThe three specific propositions degnarl and social justice. Most of the preventive policing would tined for the use of all to such an Oxscribe the three essential elements of an be performed by the hattlrship and the tent that the na tions less favoured by internation ; ,lorganisation , namely, a airplane bomber , rather than the solnature are not permitted access to court, a police force ,and a legislativedier's rifle or the patrolman's club. In. them. administrative council. deed ,some authorities believe that sufOf these the judiciary is the one that World Markets. ficient military sanctions could he proThis proposition is a corollary and makes the greatest appeal, and raises vided by an international air force, re"Nut Nazism •: r Communism, but application of the one quoted above the smallest objection. cruited by voluntary enlistment. contraceptives are the chief eneW from " Sertum Laetitiae." It is ire• In large part,this is due to the tact Legislative Body.. quently expressed ,for example, in the of Britain," said Dr . Halliday Sutherthat two such bodies have been in exAn administrative-legislative organ Atlantic Charter, as the right to access land, in a slashing indictment of the . istence for many years,and have operis indispensable . 1f the nations are to trade in contraceptives, during an adto raw materials. To this principle is ated with considerable success. These collaborate to prevent wars and pro' dress in the Albert Hall ,Leeds,recentsometimes ascribed an economic effiare the Court of Arbitration and of Inmote in other ways heir common wel• ternational Justice, set up at The ly. The ramp behind the contraceg cacy which it does not possess. Acfare, they will require some rules to five trade should be exposed, be ur ordinR to some prominent persons, all Hague, in 1899 and 1922 ,and the Perdefine the methods and extent of their listed. He had searched in vain to that is needed to bring about full em• manent Court of International Justice, co-operation .The existing structure of find the names tlf the people behind plopment of capital and labour every ' established in connection with the Leainternational law is obviously inspffici• the racket. They hid their identity where is "tree access to raw materials, gue of Nations. ant for this purpose. in holding companies, a pracedurt and to all markets and trade routes," The international court should be The assumption that a world court which should be made illegal. AL the empowered to adjudicate all disputes, This is too simple. It leaves out of might take the place of a legislative last census,said Dr.Sutherland, there without exception either as to nation account the present situation in which body, through decisions rendered and were more than one million childless or as to subject matter. too many countries are competing precedents created in particular cases, married couples in England and Wales. Undoubtedly ,the most difficult situwith one another in the production of may be forthwith dismissed as imprac• According to the Beveridge Report, ations confronting the court will be certain staple commodities. ticable and undesirable, "With its present rate of reproduction, those involving aggression. An international authority will have How much lawmaking power should the British race cannot continue' In such cases , it is obvious that no to distribute the world demand for be entrusted to the international legismeans of reversing the recent course of member of the court who happens to certain mass•production staples among lature? Obviously,not enough to the birthrate must be found." be a citizen of any of the interested whose those mass-production countries usurp any of the domestic functions of States should participate.
Difficulties of 'Co- Operation -in. International Law- Making
.Distributing World Markets and_ Revising Protective Tariffs
CONTRACEPTIVES THE CHIEF ENEMY
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