The Record Newspaper 03 July 1941

- WHYTHEKOOKABURRA Laughs

Abombknockeddownahouseand apolicemanplungedintotheruinsto rescueafellowtrappedinthebasement. Halfanhourlaterhecrawledout withhisman.Hewascoveredinmud, grease,plaster,bitsofbrick,and bruises.Ilewasalsoscorchedand half-chokedfromafirethathadstarted.

"Gosh,"saidanA.R.P.man,"you areinamess!"

"Yes,"drawledthepoliceman,"that's theworstofnavyblue-itshowsevery littlestain!"

* * * *

Saidtheexplorer:"OnceIwasso hungrythatIdinedonmypetparrot."

"Whatwasitlike?"

"Oh,verynice."

"Yes,butwhatdidittastelike?"

"Oh,turkey,chicken,wild-duck, plover-thatparrotcouldimitateanything!"

Bettywashesitatingbetweentwo youngmenandatlastitstruckher thatshemightgetsomehelpfrom herfather.

"WhichdoyouthinkIshouldtake, Daddy?"sheasked."Joeisawfully handsome,butSamisanicesteady chap."

Fatherdidnothesitate.

"Mydear,"hereplied,"ifyouwanta goodhusband,takeSam.liereally lovesyou."

Bettylookedinterested.

"Howdoyouknow?"sheasked.

Fathersmiled.

"I'vebeenborrowingmoneyfrom himforthelastsixmonths,"hesaid, "andhestillcomestoseeyoutwice aweek."

Thepiccoloplayerwasahabitual grumbler.OnedaythebandwasplayingbeforearichEasternpotentate, whowassopleasedwiththeperformancethathecommandedthatallthe instrumentsshouldbefilledwithgold coins.

"Thereyouare,"sighedthepiccolo player,"that'satypicalexampleofmy luck.Mineisthesmallestinstrument intheband."

Thebandsmenspentthemoneyina wildspree-withtheresultthatthe nextperformancewasnotsogood.

TheEasternpotentatewasfurious andorderedthebandsmentoramtheir instrumentsdowntheirthroats.

Thepiccoloplayerturnedtohiscolleagues.

"Mybadluckagain,"hesaid."Mine istheonlyonethatwillgodown."

* * * * Adoctor,inwantofastronglad,advertisedand,beingaventriloquist, adoptedthefollowinggrimruseto testthenervesofapplicants.

Thefirsthesentwithabasinofhot grueltofeedaskeletonhehadina darkcupboard.

Duringtheprocessoffeeding,the skeletonobservedinsepulchraltones: "It'sdeucedhot."

Theboy'shairstoodonend.He droppedthebasinandfledinterror.

Thesecondapplicant,asmall,shockhairedlad,hadtogothroughthesame ordeal;butwhentheskeletonmade hisremark,herepliedunconcernedly: "Icouldhavetoldyouthat.Blowon it,youfool!"

Ilegotthejob.

* * * *

Thepessimistwassufferingfrom rheumatism.

"Everyboneinmybodyaches,"he complained.

"Yououghttobegladyou'renota herring,"saidtheoptimist.

* * *

Thesergeant-majorhadthereputationofneverbeingatalossforananswer.Ayoungofficermadeabet withabrotherofficerthatinlessthan twenty-fourhourshewouldaskthe sergeant-majoraquestionthatwould bafflehim.

Thesergeant-majoraccompaniedthe officeronhisrounds,inthecourseof 'whichthecook-housewasinspected. Pointingtoalargecopperofwater justbeginningtoboil,theofficersaid: "Whydoesthatwaterboilonly roundtheedgesofthecopperandnot inthecentre?"

"Thewaterroundtheedge,sir."repliedtheveteran,"isforthemenon guard;theyhavetheirbreakfasthalf anhourbeforetherestofthecorn. pany."

Thesongwas"AsleepintheDeep" andthesingerwaswellandtrulydeep whenafriendlyvoicefromthebackof thehallassailedhim:

"Goeasy,oldchap!You'llscuttle yourselfifyou'renotcareful."

* * * *

Afarmerhadahorseforsale.He wanted£80,butwasofferedonlyPO. Herefusedtosell.

Thatnightthehorsedied,sohetelegraphedtheprospectivebuyer:"Am willingtoacceptyourofferoff50for horse.

Hereceivedawireclinchingthebargain.Nextmorningachequefor£50 camebypost,sohesentthehorseby railintheusualway.

Somedayslaterheattendedthe market,steeringclearofthebuyer,but atlengththeyhappenedtomeet.

Thebuyerwasveryaffable,soat last,pluckingupcourage,thefarmer said:"WhataboutthehorseIsold you?"

"Well,"saidthebuyer,"unfortunatelyitwasdeadwhenitarrived,butI putituptoraffle.Igotfivemento taketicketsat£20each,andgavethe winnerhismoneyback."

* * *

Throughouttheeveningmealneither hadspoken.Butassoonastheplates hadbeenclearedawayandtheywere seatedbeforethefire,thehusband's facelostsomeofitshardness.

"Youknow,dear,"hesaid,breaking thelongsilence,"I'vebeenthinking overourargument."

"Well."shesnapped,withoutlooking upfromhersewing.

"Yes,dear,I'vedecidedtoagree withyouafterall,"hesaidmeekly.

"Thatwon'tdoanygood,"shesniffed."I'vechangedmymind."

TwoBritishnavalofficerswere standingonthebridgeofthedestroyer whenoneremarked:"Heavens!Did youseethatflashoflightning?I'm surewe'rerunningintoastorm."

"Don'tbesilly;thatwasn'taflash oflightning-thatwasanItalianbattleshipgoinghome,"saidhiscompanion.

"Yes,"saidanoldman,"I'vehad someterribledisappointmentsinmy time,butnonestandsoutliketheone thatcametomewhenIwasaboy."

"Andwhatwasthat?"

"Icrawledunderatenttoseeacircus,onlytodiscoverthatitwasarevivalmeeting."

* * * *

Twoactorswhowerejealousofeach othermetinapub.Theyexchanged frigidnods.

"Howareyougettingalong?"asked one.

"Prettywell,"repliedtheother. "Stillkeepingalive."

Thefirstmaneyedhisrivalsteadily forasecondandthenasked,casually: "What'syourmotive?"

* * * *

Ahotelmanagerfoundthe"boots" cleaningshoesonabedroomlanding. "Thisisnottheplacetocleanshoes:" hesaid."Takethemdownstairsat once.'

"Sorry,sir,"saidtheboy,"butMr. MacDougalishangingontothelaces."

* * * Alargeflusteredwoman,dragginga smallboy,sailedthroughthestation barrierandapproachedherwaiting husband.

"Hullo,"saidtheman."You're late."

"Oh,don'ttalkaboutit,Alf,"repliedhiswife."Inever'adsucha time!WhatwithyoungBill'anging onme'and,me'angingontotheluggage-rack,thetrain'ungupinatunnel, andyou'angingaboutinthestation forme,Iwasinaregularstateofsuspense."

* * C *

ThebattleforBenghaziwasinfull swing.ThecolonelofaScotsred mentwasjealousofthelargenumber ofprisonerstheAustraliansweretaking,sohecalledhismentogetherand offered2s6dperhundredprisoners broughtin.

ThenextdayaScotsmanmarchedin with800Italians;theofficerpaidhim atthesametimeaskinghowhe hadmanagedtogetsomanysinglehanded.TheScotreplied: "IboughtthemfromtheAustralians atabobahundred."

OrdersCalledfor

M.CRANLEY,Proprietor.

GAYNOR'SHISMAJESTY'SHOTEL. HAYSTREET PERTH.

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IA

"ToDrink,Gamble,Smoke and Swear"

"RegularListener,"Sydney.

Havenotwomenjustasmuchrightto drink,smokeandswearasmen?

Itisherenecessarytodistinguishbetweentheunchangingmorallawof whichGodistheAuthor,andthestandardsimposedbytheconventionsof civilisedsociety.

Themorallawforbidsswearing,excessivedrinkingandgambling,and otherabusesassociatedwithboth.

Menhavenorighttoviolatethe morallaw;neitherhavewomen.The lawofGodisbindinguponallwithout distinctionofsex.Bothmenandwomenhavetherightandthedutyto observethemorallaw.Theyhaveno rightwhatevertoviolatethatlaw.

Ontheotherhand,therearesocial conventions,someofwhichdirectlyor indirectlyinvolvethemorallaw;and othersofwhichhavelittleornoconnectionwiththemorallaw.

Whiletheremaybeconventions whicharwimeaninglessorstupid,it doesnot'fbllowthatallconventions aremetatinglessorstupid.Manyconventionsarenaturalandreasonable andcontributeinagreaterorlessdegreetothatcultureandrefinementof mannerswhichweexpectincivilised society * * * * SOCIALCONVENTIONS.

Conventionsmayandfrequentlydo imposediversestandardsofconducton menandwomen.

Thisdifferenceofstandardsinthe matterofsocialconventions(notof morals)doesnotmeanthatwomen areinferiortomen;atleast,itcannot reasonablyandcorrectlymeanthat.It meansthatwomenaredifferentfrom men;differentintheirphysicalstructure,intheirpsychologicalcharacteristicsandinnumerousotherrespects.

Now,theconventionsofoursociety tendtotoleratecertainthingsinmen -drinkingandswearing,forexample -andtofrownuponthesamethings inwomen.Andthatissimplyanindicationoftherespectwithwhicha Christiantraditionhassurrounded womanhood.

Normalpeoplelikeawomanwhois womanly,whoexercisesarefiningand ennoblinginfluenceuponthosearound her.Theyhavelittlepatiencewith thewomanwhothinksthat"emancipation"consistsinafoolishandunnaturalimitationofmen,evenofthe vicesofmen.

Thischildishapingofmenseemsto bethefruitofanirrationalsenseof inferiority,bornoftheideathatwomen areinferiortomen;hence,thefrantic attemptstoliveandactlikemen.

1st * * *

ONEMORALLAWFORALL.

WhereintheBibleisthereproclaimed aseparatestandardformenand women?

Asiarasthemorallawisconcerned, thereisnodifferenceofstandardfor menandwomen.ThelawoftheTen Commandmentsbindsallmenandall women.TheTenCommandmentsare thestandardbywhichallmustlive; theyarethestandardsbywhichall willbejudgedandrewardedorcondemned.

Thecodewhichpermitsallsortsof immoralityinmenbutrefusestotoleratetheshadowofimmoralityorinfidelityinwomen,iscertainlynota Christiancode.ItistheveryantithesisoftheCatholicmoralcode, whichjudgestheactionsofbothmen andwomenaccordingtotheonestandardoftheTenCommandments.That istheteachingoftheCatholicChurch; itisalsotheclearteachingofthe Bible. * * * *

MORALLAWANDSOCIALCONVENTION.

Customispowerfulbutnotnecessarily right.

Onceagain,itisnecessarytoavoid allconfusionbetweenmorallawonthe onehand,andsocialconventiononthe other. Socialconventionsmaybeinaccordancewiththemorallaw;theymaybe opposedtothemorallaw;orthey mayconcernmatterswhichhavelittle ornoconnectionwiththemorallaw. Socialconventionswhetherlawfulor unlawful,reasonableorunreasonable,

canbetremendouslypowerful;notto saytyrannical.

Butitdoesnotfollowthatallsocial conventionsshouldbediscarded.Only thoseconventionsshouldbediscarded whichareimmoralorunreasonable.

InthePuritantraditionwhichstill survivesinEnglish-speakingcountries, therewasastrongtendencytoidentify conventionswiththemorallaw.The resultwasarigidandinhumansystemwhichfoundtypicalexpressionin the"ScottishSabbath,"andhadscarcelymoreincommonwithgenuine ChristianitythantheancientPharisees withChrist.

Themodernpagancheerfullyflouts theconventionsofwhathecallsthe "VictorianAge."butbeingguiltyof thesameconfusionbetweenconvention andthemorallaw,hegoestotheoppositeextremeandrejectsthemorallaw withtheunreasonableconventionsof Puritanism.

Thisunreasoningandindiscriminate reactionagainstPuritanismisjustas childishasthePuritanismatwhichit scoffs. * * *

SIMPLELIVING.

Ifmenandwomenlivedsimplelives andcutoutthewastewhichdrinking,smokingandgamblinginvolve, abetterstandardoflivingwouldresultforall.

Whiletheeliminationoftheabuses associatedwithdrinking,gamblingand soforth,wouldcertainlybeagood thing,itisverydoubtfulwhetherthe completeprohibitionofthemwouldresultinanyworth-whilegoodforthe community.Itwouldsimplylower thestandardoflivingforthewhole community.

Smokingisnotmorallywrong;the takingofalcoholicliquorisnotwrong initself.Gamblingisnotwrongin itself.Theevilinthesemattersarises fromtheabuseofthingswhichareperfectlylegitimateinthemselves.

Voluntaryabstinenceispraiseworthy andcommendable.Butprohibition, besidesdoingmoreharmthangood, wouldbeanunwarrantedandtyrannicalinterferencewithlegitimateindividualliberties.

Selfishnessandgreedstillprevail.

Manylookonlytotheirselfishinterestsandfailtorespectthewelfare ofthewholeofsociety.

Thatistrue.Buttoconcentrateon suchthingsasdrinkingandgambling, whileoverlookingfarmoreseriousand dangerousmanifestationsofgreedand selfishness,wouldbeto"strainoutthe gnatandswallowthecamel."

Socialinjustice,racesuicide,and thebreakdownofhomeandfamily lifethroughdivorce,areevilsfarmore seriousthansmoking,drinking,gamblingandswearing.

* * * *

PAGANISINGINFLUENCES.

Thepress,particularlytheDailyPress, theRadio,andtheFilms(orthose controllingthem)aremainlyresponsibleforthestateofthepeopletoday. Thereisagreatdealoftruthin whatyousay.Thestandardofconductembodiedinthefilmsseldomcontainsanyincentivetobetterwaysof life.Alltoooftenthefilmsportray anattitudetolifewhichisnotonly immeasurablylowerthantheChristian ideal,butopposedtotheChristian ideal.Thetendencyistoundermine Christianmoralstandardsratherthan buildthemup, Thesameun-Christianoranti-Christiantendenciesareevenmoreevident incertainsectionsoftheDailyPress. Take,forexample,theshamelesscommercialexploitationofsex,theportrayalofthenudetotheverylimitsallowedbylaw,thecampaignsinfavour ofeasydivorce,thewidepublicity giventopeoplewhoseonlyclaimto noticeistheirrepudiationofeverythingwhichChristiansholddear,the generalconcentrationonthingsthat donotmatter,thestrangesilence aboutsocialjusticeandotherthings ofvitalimportancetothenation,the abjectandpersistentcrawlingtothe anti-GodDictatorshipofMoscow-and soforth. Itistoooftenforgottenthatmostof ourdailypapersarehighlycommercialisedconcerns,inwhicheverything

theseInstitutionsinSydney,andwas astoundedthatyourquestionercould makesuchchargeswhenhe(orshe) knowssolittleofthefacts.

Thesaidquestioner-gavetheimpressionthatheorshewasmoreinterested inattackingCatholicinstitutionsthan ina-certainingthefacts'aboutthem.

issubordinatedtothecommercialbtnefitofthepaper.

Itissometimesarguedthatthe papersonlysupplywhatthepeople want.Thatisahalftruth.Itis truethattheycaterforpubl:ctaste.-evenwhenitisdecidedlybadtaste. Butitisalsotruethatthenewspapers crea..e,intensifyandgivedirectionto thetastesofthepublic.Andtothis extenttheyareresponsibleforthose tastes.

Whilethepress,thefilmsandthe radiomustshoulderalargeshareof theresponsibilityfortheundermining ofChristianinstitutionsandthegeneralloweringofmoralstandards,it mustbeadmitted,Ithink,thatthe chiefcauseofthede-Christianisationof societyisgodlesseducation.IfGod istobeinlifewhetherpublicorprivate,Hemustbeineducation.To excludeGodfromeducationistoexcludeHimfromthelifeofthenation. AndtheexclusionofGodandreligion fromsocietydoesnotmeanmerelya societywithoutGodorreligion-apurelysecularsociety;itmeansananti-religiousandimmoralsociety.Itmeans asocietywhichisimmoralnotonlyin thefailingoftheindividualswhichbelongtoit,butinitsstandardsoflife andconduct.

BehindaGodlesspress,cinema,and radioastherootfromwhichtheevil springsisgodlesseducation.

GOODSAMARITANLAUNDRIES "Musician,"Sydney. DuringyourbroadcastonMay25,you repliedtoalistenerwhoattackedthe managementofMagdaleneHomes conductedbyCatholicSisters. Correct.

Anill-informedandratherbigoted enquirerallegedthatthelaundriesconductedbytheSistersoftheGood Samaritanwereguiltyofsocialinjusticeonthegroundthattheinmates oftheseinstitutionswerenotpaidfor theirservices.

ForthepasttwelvemonthsIhave beencloselyassociatedwithoneof

I

ThesoleinterestoftheNunsisthe happinessandwell-beingoftheir charges.Theysparenotimeorexpensetobrightenandelevatelives whichwithouttheirassistancewould besordidandcriminal.Iampaid agenerousfeeformyweeklyvisitto instructtheorchestrawhichprovidesentertainmentandamusement foralltheinmates.Allthemembersoftheorchestraarethemselves inmatesoftheInstitution.

Whatyouhavesaidisbasedonfirsthandinformation.Itspeaksforitself, andnocommentisnecessary.

Throughthispersonalcontactwiththe Institution,Ihavebeenoncountlessoccasionsdeeplyimpressedby thekindness,self-sacrificeandpersonalinterestconstantlyshownby theNunstothesepoorvictimsof circumstances.

Everyfair-mindedpersonwhois acquaintedwiththeworkofthenuns intheseinstitutionswillheartilyendorseyourverdiet.

Dip.D.& DENTAL.SURGEON.

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Telephones:B1438andB3777.

HaveyouinvestigatedourHomeBuilding Plan?Ifyouownablockyoumayhave amodernhomeerectedwithoutdeposit,to bepaidoffineasyweeklypayments.Or wewillsupplythelandandthehomecompletefrom150deposit.ModernBrick Homespaidrightoffin15yearsunderour plan.Nofees.PlansandSpecifications Free.Callandchatthematterover-no obligationincurredwhatever.

DUDLEY&DWYERUNITED HOMEDESIGNERSANDBUILDERS. 98ST.GEORGE'STERRACE.

SydneyBusinessManCitesStartlingExampleof CriminalSocialInjustice

HeroicEffortsFrustrated ByHighFinance

"BusinessMan,"Sydney

IreadyoursermononSocialJustice withmorethanordinaryinterest.

SocialJusticeinAustralisfor'.he peopleofAustraliaisamatterin whicheveryChristianandeverypatrioticcitizenmustbe interested.

YouspeakoftheinjusticesofthepresentMonopolisticSystemasa"Sin cryingtoHeavenforvengeance." 1wassimplyquotingthewordsof SacredScripture,whereinthecrime ofdefraudingthelabourerofhishire isthusdescribed:"Goto,now,ye richmen:weepandhowlinyourmiserieswhichshallcomeuponyou.Your richesarecorruptedandyourgarments aremoth-eaten.Yourgoldandsilver iscankered;andtherustofthemshall beforatestimonyagainstyouand shalleatyourfleshlikefire.Youhave storeduptoyourselveswrathagainst thelastdays.Beholdthehireofthe labourerswhohavereapeddownyour fields,whichbyfraudhasbeenkept backbyyou,crieth:andthecryof themhathenteredintotheearsofthe LordofSabaoth."(JamesV.,1-4.)

Thereforeeveryrichmanwhohas amassedhisrichesbydefraudingthe poorisguiltyofacrimewhichcries toheavenforvengeance. Thepresentsystemisrottenandmust bealtered.

Thatistrue.But,thoughourpresentsystemiscorrodedfromtopto bottomwithahugesocialinjustice,not everythinginitisbad.InCapitalism asineveryothersystemthereare thingswhicharegood.Wemustrejectwhatisevilinthepresentsystem,retainwhatisgood,andincorporateitintoanewandmoreequitable system.

Butwemustbewareofrejectingthe goodwiththeevil.Wemustnot "emptyoutthebabywiththebath water."

"LABOUR,BRAINS,CAPITAL."

InModernCivilisationthreethingsare necessary:Labour,Brains,Capital.

Correct.

YourwordsrecallthoseofPopeLeo XIII,writtensomefiftyyearsagoin thefamousEncyclical,"RerumNovarum."

"Thegreatmistakethatismadein thematternowunderconsiderationis topossessoneselfoftheideathatclass isnaturallyhostiletoclass;thatrich andpoorareintendedbynaturetolive atwarwithoneanother.Soirrational andsofalseisthisviewthattheexact contraryisthetruth.Justasthe symmetryofthehumanbodyisthe resultofthedispositionofthemembersofthebody,soinaStateitis ordainedbynaturethatthesetwoclassesshouldexistinharmonyandagreementandshould,asitwere,fitinto oneanother,soastomaintainthe equilibriumofthebodypolitic."

"Eachrequirestheother;capital cannotdowithoutlabour,norlabour withoutcapital.Mutualagreementresultsinhappinessandgoodorder:perpetualconflictnecessarilyproduces confusionandoutrage."

IthinkyouwillagreethatalltheCapitalintheworld,plusallthebrains intheworld,plantedinadesertisland,couldnotachieveanything withoutlabour.

I agree.

Whathappensinourpresentsystem? Labourworks,brainsorganiseand

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plan.Capitalsuppliesmoneyor credit.

Correct.

STUPIDANDUNJUST.

ButCapital,theleastimportantofthe threeasfarasactualachievementis concerned,collarsthewholeofthe profits.

Thatissubstantiallycorrect. Thatisbothstupidandunjust.Itisboth.

Itisstupidbecause,toquoteyour ownwords,"manufacturedgoodsare uselessunlesstheyaresold.Butour presentsystemmakesitimpossiblefor themassestobuythe'goodstheyneed; withtheinevitableresultthatthe goodsareonthecounterinsteadof beingdistributedandconsumed;therebycreatingademandformorelabour tomakemoregoods.Iamtalking aboutgoodsthatthevastmajorityof workerswantandcannotaffordto buy. ."

"Itisdefinitelystupidtopay1,-,ticallythewholeoftheprofitsofindustryintothepocketsofthepeople whohaveeverythingtheyneedand willnotbuythesegoods,andtorefuse ittothemasseswhowantthesegoods butcannotaffordtobuythem."

WORKERSSHOULDSHAREIN THEPROFITS.

Thisstateofaffairsisabsolutely unjust.

LetmeherequotefromtheEncyclical"QuadragesimoAnno"ofPopePius

XI:

"Thenaturallaw,orrather,God's willmanifestedbyit,demandsthat rightorderbeobservedintheapplicationofnaturalresourcestohuman needs:andthisconsistsineverything havingitsproperowner.Hence,it followsthatunlessamanapplyhis labourtohisownproperty,analliance mustbeformedbetweenhistoiland hisneighbour'sproperty:foreachis helplesswithouttheother.Thiswas whatPopeLeoXIIIhadinmindwhen hewrote:'Capitalcannotdowithout Labour,norLabourwithoutCapital.'

"Itisthereforeentirelyfalsetoascribetheresultsoftheircombinedeffortstoeitherpartyalone;anditis flagrantlyunjustthateithershould denytheefficacyoftheother,andseise ALLtheprofits.

"Capital,however,waslongableto appropriatetoitselfexcessiveadvantages;itclaimedalltheproductsand profits,andlefttothelabourerthe barestminimumnecessarytorepair hisstrengthandensurethecontinuationofhisclass...Forbyaninexorableeconomiclaw,itwasheld,allaccumulationofrichesmustfalltothe shareofthewealthy,whiletheworking manmustremainperpetuallyinindigence,orreducedtotheminimumneededforexistence..."

"Thecauseoftheharassedworking manwasexpousedbytheso-called'intellectuals'whosetupinoppositionto thisfictitiouslawanotherequallyfalse moralprinciple:thatallproductsand profits,exceptingthoserequiredtorepairandreplaceinvestedcapital,belongbyeveryrighttotheworking man..."

JUSTICEDEMANDSIT.

"Thegoodofthewholecommunity mustbesafeguarded.Bytheprinciplesofsocialjusticeoneclassisforbiddentoexcludetheotherfroma shareintheprofits.Thissacredlaw isviolatedbyanirresponsiblewealthy class,who,intheexcessoftheirgood fortune,deemitajuststateofthings thattheyshouldreceiveeverything andthelabourernothing.Itisalso violatedbyapropertylesswage-earningclasswhodemandforthemselves allthefruitsofproduction,asbeing theworkoftheirhands....

"Eachclass,then,mustreceiveits dueshare,andthedistributionof createdgoodsmustbebroughtinto conformitywiththedemandsofthe commongoodandsocialjustice."

ThePopethereforecondemnsboth IndustrialCapitalismandthevarious formsofSocialismasbeingtwoextremesoferror,bothembodyingacryingsocialinjusticewhichmilitates againstthecommongoodofthenation andcontainsexplosiveelementsofsocialdisruption.

ATRULYCHRISTIANOUTLOOK. Believingthatweareinthisworldfor agreaterpurposethanthatofamassingwealth,Imadeitmylife'swork totrytoimprovethelotoftheworkersandtogivethelessfortunatea fairdeal.

Youroutlookandyourprincipleare worthyofaChristian.Theydeserve everycommendationandshouldbe imitatedaswellasadmired.

Iamafraid,however,thatpeople suchasyouwouldfindthemselves strangersinthebusinessworldofto- day-thelawofwhichisthelawof thejungleratherthanthatofChrist. ITRIEDTOGIVETHEMAFAIR DEAL.

Myownexperienceoveraperiodof thirtyyearshasdefinitelyprovedthattheworkersrespondinamar- vellouswaywhentheyrealisethat oneistryingtogivethemafairdeal. 1shallquoteyourmainexperience asfaraspossibleinyourownwords, omittingonlythenamesandshorten. ingaparagraphhereandthere.If whatyousayiscorrect,itwillenable listenerstoseeboththeunfairnessof thepresentsystem,andtheresponseof thegeneralityofworkerstojusttreat- ment.

"Iamgoingtogiveyouoneconcrete instanceofwhatistypicalofthepre- sentmethodsofrunningbusiness.

"In1911,thebusinessstartedbymy fathersomeyearspreviouslywas floatedintoaCompany.

"ThetotalamountofShareholders' capitalthensubscribedwasapproxi- mately£20,000.Attheendof1913, £8,000ofthiscapitalhadbeenlost, andtheCompanywashopelesslyinsol- vent.Iwasgiventwelvemonthsto tryandsaveit.Isaveditbygetting alltheworkerstogether--tellingthem theposition,andtellingthegothatunlesstheyworkedhardenotstomake thebusinesspay,itwouldclews.down andtheywouldlosetheirjobs.At thesametimeIpromisedthemafair shareofanyprofitsearned.

"Theyrespondedasallworkmenwill, andthebusinesswassavedbecauseof thereductionofcostsmadebytheef- fortsoftheworkers."

est"TheShareholderstooknottheslight. interestinthebusiness.Infact, onthreeoccasions,itsDirectorstried towinditup."

"THEYCOLLAREDALLTHE PROFITS."

"Now1wouldaskyoutomarkthis: FromstarttofinishtheShareholders neversubscribedmorethan£40,000.. IfyouwilllookattheirBalanceSheet, youwillseethatthis£40,000Ordinary- ShareCapitalhasgottoover£300,000, andifyouinvestigateyouwillfind thattheCompanypaidforyearsa twentypercent.dividendonthisCapi- tal.

"TheShareholderswhodidnothing aboutthebusinessthuscollaredtheentireprofits,whiletheEmployees, whosehardworksavedthebu,. fromruin,gotnothingbuttheminimumwage.

"TheCompanyrefusedtohonour thepromisesIhadmadetothemen, andmyCo-Directorswhodidnotagree withmypolicysoarrangedthingsthat IwasforcedtoresignfromtheBoard.

"Someyearslater,Istartedonmy ownaccountthebusinessthatisnow betterknownas Ltd.Imetwith themostviciouscompetitionpossible. AttheendoftwoyearsIwassteadilylosingmoney.Imadeupmymind totestmytheoriestothefull.Itold mymenwhatIhadinmind;thatthey wouldreceiveafairshareofthepro- fitsearned.Iwentfurther,andincreasedtheirwagessothattheminimumwagepaidinmyfactorywas£6 perweek.Inotherwords,Ipaidthem theprofitsbeforetheywereearned.

"Myworksmanagerandmyauditor spenthourstellingmewhatastupid thingitwastodo.ButIdecidedto trytheideaout.

"Theresultswerestaggering.Within threemonthswehadconvertedlosses intoprofits."

Somuchforyourinterestingaccount ofyoureffortstoseejusticedonewithinyourownbusiness.

Assumingthatwhatyouhavesaid iscorrect,theactionoftheotherDirectorsandShareholdersinappropriatingnotmerelyafairreturnin theirinvestedCapital,butthewholeof theprofitsoftheindustry,andindeprivingtheworkerswhohadsavedthe

EMPLOYEE'STESTIMONY.

Beforedealingwith"Business Man's"letterovertheair,Rev. Dr.Ryan,M.S.C.,wenttothe troubleofverifyingthestatementsitcontained.Endorsementof"BusinessMan's"remarksbyoneofhisformeremployees,testimonywhichhasa valueallofitsown,willbe publishedonthispagenext week.

industryofajustshareinthem,w aratherstartlingexampleofthecrime ofsocialinjusticewhichcriestoheavenforvengeance.

Thatisthesortofthingwhich causesindustrialstrifeandbreedsCommunists.

JUSTICEDEMANDSFAIRDISTRIBUTION.

Nowwhowasentitledtothoseprofits?

Theshareholderswhodidnothing whateveraboutthebusiness?Orthe employees,whogotnothingbutthe basicwage?

TheShareholdershadarighttoa fairreturnontheCapitaltheyhadinvested;forthebusinesswouldhave beenimpossiblewithoutit.

ButtheShareholdershadnomoral righttoappropriatethewholeofthe profits.Theyhadnorighttodeprive theworkersoftheirfullshareinthose profitsand,inthecircumstances,it wasaverylargeshare.Notonlyhad theyno"fighttoappropriatethe workers'shareoftheprofits,butin sodoingtheywereguiltyintheeyes ofGodofacriminalinjustice.

Moreover,theywereguiltyofdisgracefulconductinrefusingtoabide byanhonourableagreementmade withthemen.

MyNewventurewasagreatsuccess formanyyears.Mymenweregettingafairdeal.Theyhadapersonalinterestinthebusinessand werecontentedandintenselyloyal. SocialJusticeistheindispensable conditionofsocialPeace.

Therearetwoclassesofpeoplewho donotwantSocialJustice:theselfish, godless,individualisticCapitalist,whose oneaiminlifeistogetasrichaspossibleasquicklyaspossiblebyfair meansorfoul-generallyfoul;andthe Communist,whoseesinsocialunrest andclasswarthemeansofachieving dictatorialpoliticalpowerforhimself.

THESTRANGLEHOLDOFHIGH FINANCE.

ButIreckonedwithouttheoverwhelmingandstranglingcontrolwhichhigh financeholdsoverindustry.The bigmoneylordswreckedmybusinessascompletelyandeffectivelyas ifithadbeendemolishedbyHitler's bombs. Thatisaninstanceofirresponsible economicdictatorshipatitsworst. Thisstrangleholdofbigfinancialinterestsovertheeconomicandindustriallifeofthenationwasstrongly condemnedbyPopePiusXI:

"Itisobviousthatinourdaysnot aloneiswealthaccumulated,butimmensepoweranddespoticeconomic

SIGHTTESTING

Opticians

64

'Phone:B3511.

dominationisconcentratedinthe handsofafew,andthatthosefeware frequentlynottheowners,butonly thetrusteesanddirectorsofinvested funds,whoadministerthemattheir goodp,easure.''-kinspowerbecomesparticularly irresatibiewhenexercisedbythose who,becausetheyholdandcontrol money,areabletogoverncreditand determineitsallotment,forthatreasonsupplying,sotospeak,thelitebloodtotheentireeconomicbody,and graspingasitwereintheirhandsthe verysoulofproductionsothatnoone darebreatheagainsttheirwill.' t'QuadragesimoAnno.'') Thatdespoticcontrolofeconomic lifebybigfinancialinterestsisonly tooevidenthereinAustralia.Youapparentlydaredtobreatheagainstthe willofthesefinancialdictators,with theresultthattheyhavetriedto crushyou. Mybusinesswasdoingwell,andwas onasoundfooting.Butsuddenly, atafewhours'notice,thebankdemanapdpaymentofthecapital whichithadmadeavailabletostart thebusiness.Theyknewverywell thatIcouldnotmeetthedemands atsuchshortnotice.Wordwas passedroundtotheothermembers ofthering,andIcouldnotgethelp there.ForseveralyearsIwashelpedbyabankoutsidethering.But thiswasdiscovered;pressurewas broughttobear,andIhadtoface minoncemore.Thusthesemaster mindsoffinancehavehoundedand persecutedmeuntilIamtoallintentsandpurposesruined.Isthat right?Isitjust?

Itwasneitherrightnorjust.Injusticeisnotlessinjusticebecauseit hasbeencommittedbybigfinanciers. Itisallthemorecriminalbecauseit admitsofnoextenuatingcircumstances. Butstilltheyhavenotbeatenme;nor shallthey. Youarefightingalonebattleagainst animmenselypowerfulenemy.Still, ifwhatyouhavestatedinyourletter iscorrect,youhavejusticeonyour side,anddeservethesupportofeveryfair-mindedmanandwomaninAustralia.

Ihopeyoureceiveit.

VATICANRADIOINSISTSTHAT NAZISAREANTI-CATHOLIC.

Anotherattempttogivetheworld theimpressionthatalliswellwiththe CatholicChurchinGermanyunderthe NazishasbeencounteredbyVatican RadioinFrenchandEnglishbroadcasts.

Dr.Krawceck,professorofecclesiasticalhistoryintheUniversityofBreslau,statedinalecturethattheChurch isflourishinginGermanyanddeclared thatthepracticeofreligionisneither limitednorhindered.

TothisVaticanRadiosaidthateven greaterpressureisbeingputupon Stateemyloyeestopreventthemfrom attendingreligiousservicesandeven forcethemtoleavetheChurch.

ManypriestswhohavespokenopenlyonCatholicprinciplesandideashave beenbanishedtootherpartsofthe countryandfinallysenttoprisonor concentrationcamps.Someofthem havediedfromtheirprivations.

VaticanRadioalsocalledattention tothewholesaleclosingofCatholic schools,thesuppressionoftheCatholic Pressexceptforafewweeklypublications,andtheclosingofmonasteries, conventsandotherreligioushouses.

Dr.KrawcecksaidthatwhereasbeforethewarCatholicsnumberedone thirdofthepopulation,nowinthe GreaterGermanReichtheynumber 48,000,000outof90,000,000.

Thereareevenmorethan48,000,000, commentedVaticanRadio,butthisis cluesolelytothefactthatthenations incorporatedintotheReichareCatholic. Further,itispreciselyinCatholic Poland,CatholicAustriaandCatholic AlsacethatthedestructionofCatholicworkismorerapidandbrutalthan intheReichitself.

FUTURELITHUANIANPRIESTS TRAININCHICAGO.

ArchbishopStritch,ofChicago,has givenhisapprovaltothepriestsat MarianHillsSeminary,Hinsdale,Ill., forthetrainingofrefugeeseminarians fromLithuania.

WiththeRussianoccupationmany priestswereforcedtofleeLithuania.

Largegroupsareseekingrefugein theUnitedStates-WWI'.

NazisScrapAnotherConcordat

TheConcordatof1801betweenPope PiusVIIandBonaparteasitaffects Alsace-Lorrainehasbeenscrappedby theNazis.Accordingtoa"Universe reportVaticanRadiohaslistedthese consequences:

BishopRuch,ofStrasbourg,inunoccupiedPrance,isnotpermittedto return.BishopHeintz,ofMetz,has beenexpelledfromthediocese.The VicarGeneralofStrasbourgisinunoccupiedFrance.

StrasbourgCathedralremainsclosed forservices.Itisnowlikeamuseum, opentosightseers.

TheChurchhasnothingtodowith education;itisnowamatterforthe Naziauthorities.

Theprimaryschoolshavelosttheir Catholiccharacter.Theteachersmust teachinaccordancewiththeNaziprogramme.

TherearenolongerinAlsace-LorraineanyprivateCatholicschools.

Manyinstitutionsrunbycommunitiesofmenandwomenhavebeendissolved.

Catholicshaveonlyinstitutionsfor abnormalcases,suchastheblind,the deafanddumb,etc.

Forprimaryschools,theoretically twohoursaweekaresetasidefor religiousinstruction,givenbymasters ormistresses.Iftheydecline,itmay begivenbythepriest.Outsidethe school,inchurchorparochialhall,the priestmaygiveinstruction.

Insecondaryschools,asinGermany, religiousinstructionmaybegivenonly inthefourlowerclasses.

AllJesuithouseshavebeensuppressed.

TheBishop'sseminaryisclosed,as isalsothetheologicalfacultyofStrasbourg.Thestudentsarecontinuing theirstudiesinF'rieburgimBreisgau.

AllCatholicorganisationshavebeen dissolved.Iftheywanttocarryon

theymustcomplywithgovernment rulesconcerningdirectionandsurveillance.

TheCatholicPresshasbeensuppressed.TheCatholicpaperswhich existedbeforeandwhichstillappear haveonlythetitlesleftasrelicsof theirformerselves.Theyarenow Nazipartypapers.Thereremainthe officialdiocesanbulletinsandsome parishpapers.

Catholiccharitableworksareeven morecircumscribedthantheyarein Germany.

BytheendofDecemberthetotalof personsexpelledwas20,000,among them60priests.

47-49BAYVIEWTERRACE, CLAREMONT

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CLAREMONTMEATCO.

FAMILYBUTCHERS

ImportersofEnglishFillet,etc

G.CORDIN,Prop. Note:QualityHighest;PricesLowest.

TelephoneB4757.

MARTINP.RYAN

Optometristand Optician

SonofLateM.P.Ryan,lateof Fremantle.

ORIENTLINEBUILDINGS, WILLIAMSTREET,PERTH.

THESERVILESTATE

Intherelentlessstruggletobetter himselfinthemodernworld,themost pressingneedastheworkerseesitis toachievesomeformofsecurityand abetterstandardofliving.iitomorrowyouweretoottertheaverage Austrahanworkeracontractofemploymentforlifeandaminimum standardofsufficiency,hewouldalmostcertainlyacceptit.Andyet thatistherealisationofwhatiscalled theServileState,underwhichthe proletariatismarkedasapermanent phenomenon,andunderwhichthe workersurrendershiseconomicliberty.Itmeansthecompulsorypermanentenslavementofthemasses. itisthepracticalequilibriumwhich bothCapitalismandSocialismare reaching. '1heformerisrealisingits owninstabilityandthediscontentof themasses.Strikes,lockouts,and unemploymentareobstructingitsmechanism.Socharityintheformof SocialServicesofalltypesisgivento theworkerinplaceofhisrights,while atthesametimestrikesareforbidden andregardedassubversiveunderthe law.l'histendencyisalreadyupon us.InEnglandbeforethewarunemploymentreliefwasgivenfora time,afterwhichitwassuspended, andtheworkerwascompelledtotake whateverjobwasoffering.TheSocialists,too,oneverysidesupportthe establishmentofthiseconomicservitude,becausetheyregarditasapracticalachievement.AndyetinAustraliathecontrolliesinthesame handsasunderCapitalism.Thebig industrialistsarenowopenlyshowing thattheyarethepowerbehindthe CommonwealthGovernment.Under theServileStateanemployeeaccepts hiscompletedependenceonhiscapitalistmaster,butgivesupfighting withhim,surrendersthelastvestiges ofhiseconomicliberty,butdemands inreturnhisrightsasaneconomic serf.OnthehighroadtoStateSerfdomwepausetoflingalastjibeat thelandserfdomofearlymediaeval times. Note,too,thatunderthe presentsystemwhatpoliticalliberty theworkerhasisbeingfilchedfrom him.JustasunderSocialism,there isthatsamedepressinglevellingoffof personality.JustasunderSocialism, aman'slegitimatestrivingswillprobablyonlyyieldaslightlybetterpositioninaglorifiedCivilService,so undertheServileStatehewillscarcely evenbeabletoattainforhimselfmore thanaminimumstandardofsufficiency.Thereisthesameintrusion tooasunderSocialismintoone'sprivatelife.TheServileStateinfringes manymoreofman'srightsthanmerelyhisRighttoProperty.Itisthe StateofCompulsoryLabourapplied totheworker'sfamilyaswellasto himself.ItisState-controlledCapitalism.

13etoreconcludingthissectionon CapitalismandSocialism,itiswellto refertotwoargumentswhichare broughttobolsterup,first,theCapitalist,andsecondly,theCollectivist claims.TheapologistforCapitalism maintainsthatonlythroughCapitalismcouldthegiganticmaterialprogressofthelastfourhundredyears havebeenaccomplished.Wereitnot forthefactthatafewrichmenpossessedcapitalandinitiative,vastmaterialresourceswouldstillbeuntapped,andheappliestheargumentto allfutureprogress.Suchamanconfusesanaccidentwiththeessenceof materialprogress.Moreover,heshows anignoranceofmenetarytheory,becauseitisobviousthatcreditcan alwaysbeadvancedagainstanation's productivity.Inanycase,thecapitalistofto-dayhaslosthisinitiativemoreandmoreheislookingtothe Statetoprotecthim,toopenupnew avenuesofindustryforhim,andifhe himselfcangetacontrollingvoicein theStatesomuchthebetter.

TheSocialistapologist,ontheother hand,claimsthatacollectivistcapital andaplanningofproductionisnecessary,andfurthermorethatanysystembasedonprivatepropertymust inevitablydeveloptheabusesofCapitalism.Thislattercontentionisabsurdandwillnotberefutedhere,and withregardtotheformer,itneedonly besaidthatplanningofproduction andnationalcontrolofcreditareby nomeanscontrarytoaredistribution ofproperty.Butitisnotforthis articletopointoutthemeans.Itcan beseen,therefore,thatthemiddlealternativemaycombinetheadvantagesofboththeothertwo.

Thereremainsonlyonemoresolution tothesocialproblemtobeconsidered, andthismaybetermedtheOptimist's

perty

solution.Here,indeed,wemeetthe mostdangerousfoolofall.According tohisvieweverythingisgettingbetterandbetter,buildingsaregettingbigger andbigger,andsoon.Soon,thanks tomass-productionefficiency,wewill onlyhavetodotwoorthreehours' humdrumworkadaytoprovideourselveswithconsumption-goods,and therestofthedaywewilldevotet, culturalpursuitsandcoursesofSelfDevelopment.Inawordweprogress. Thismanisafoolbecauseheiscompletelydivorcedfromreality.Not onlyishemistakeninthinkingthat thingsaregettingbetterwheninrealitytheyaregettingworse.Realwages haveprobablyfallenoverthepast fortyyears,buthehasquiteerroneous viewsonthenatureofworkandleisure.

PMAN=MINMOMIMMENNIMINOMM14.1=1.M...M.1111M.

However,beforewepointoutthe errorshemakes,wewilldiscussmore fullythequestionoftheRighttoProperty.

Sofarithasbeenstressedthat neitherCapitalismnorSocialismare capableofsolvingthequestion.When wehaveshownthatownershipofthe meansofproductionbythe,individual iscapableofprovidinghimIlithsecurityandindependence,wehaveirclinched thecaseforaredistributionofpro- pertywithoutevenhavingtoconsiderPropertyasanintellectualrightatall. PropertyaMoralRight. Theargumentsinfavourofproperty asasocialinstitutionmaybesummarisedasfollows:

(1)Itisanever-presenthistorical phenomenon,whichseeminglymust havesomebasisinman'sinnernature justlikehisotherinstincts.

(2)Ownershipofpropertyandthe wealtharisingtherefromalonepro- videsanadequateincentivetowork.

(3)Everymanhasarighttopro- videforhisownfutureandoldage, andtherighttopreservegoodsinsome permanentform,andthebestmeans ofensuringsuchprovisioniswhena manisenabledtoworkforhisown benefitfromhisownproperty,andnot bedependentonsuchcharityasmay cometohimfromthebenevolenceof others.

(4)Theinstitutionalonegivespermanencetothesocialorder.Witness thestabilityofthoseStateswhichare foundeduponsmallownership,and haveenduredalltheblastsofthe capitalistandotherrevolutions,and thetenacitywithwhichsuchpeople clingtotheirpossessions.Likewise, theyaloneweatherbesttheever-recurringdepressionswhichsweeptheworld underthepresentsystem.

(5)Similarlythisinstitutionalone givespermanencetothefamilywhich isessentialtotheframeworkofa strongState.Onlyaproperty-owner isadequatelycapableofworltarig-toimprovethewell-beingofhisWwnwife andchildren.TheSocialistsrealise thedilemmaclearly,andeverywhere wheretheyhavegainedpoweronesees thebreakdownofthefamily.This isaviolationofoneofman'sfundamentalrights.

(6)LabouraswellasCapitalisentitledtoashareinthefruitsofindustry.Thisisbestachievedwhere theworkerisadmittedtosomeform ofownership.

(7)Everymanhashisowntalents andcapabilities,andhehasarightto ajustownershipofwhattheseproduce.Hehasalsotherighttoimprovehisownsocialpositionbytheir use.Thedepressingwarpingandlevellingoffofpersonalitywherea manhasnocontroloverthemeansof productionhasalreadybeenreferred to.

(8)Oneofthemostpressingreformsifsocialconditionsaretobe improvedis,fromapurelyeconomic analysis,aredistributionofproperty andpurchasingpower,andtheovercomingofanti-socialspeculationby givingsomepermanencetoproperty titles.

(9)Finally,onlytheownershipof propertycanrestoreaman'sindependenceandsavehimfromeconomicsubjugationtotheStateortotheCapital. ist.

AsMirabeauonceremarked:"Small, discreteindependently-ownedpropertiesaretheonlyfreeones."Unless werestoretheinstitutionofProperty, wemustreturntotheinstitutionof Slavery-thereisnothirdcourse.

(ConcludedNextWeek.)

GrimHorsemenMaySoonRideOutofSpain

SevereTyphusEpidemic

Accordingtoacertaintypeofpropaganda,Spainisamenace.Butthe realmenaceonedoesnothearabout, thoughitisaterribleactuality.It isthemenaceoftyphuswhichthreatenstospreadthroughEuropeandthe world."Itwilltakesomethingofa miracletostopit,"saysEileenEgan inthisarticlefrom''America:'

INSpainonehearsmentionof"Hispanidad"andof"Espanolismo" askeypointsofSpain'sfuture policy.Theyarebigwords,inscope andintention,andreachouttoinclude notonlySpainandSpanishAfrica,but anypartoftheworldthatowesits foundation,itsculture,andlanguage toSpanishenterpriseandinitiative. This,ofcourse,includesallthecountriesofSouthAmericawiththeexceptionofBrazil,foundedbySpain's neighbourintheIberianPeninsula. Americans,hearingthesewords-more oftenthannotthroughsecondhand sources-becomeseriouslyalarmed. Theyseizeontheword"Hispanidad" andreadintoitimplicationsforthe policyoftheUnitedStates.Spain, theysayispreparingtoexertapoliticalin.enceonherformercolonies. TheextremistsassertthatSpainhas dreamsofforcingthecountriesof SouthAmericatoreturntoherdominationandpaintapictureofImperial Spainrunningrampantovernations longfree.Butthemostpressingand disturbingargumentreiteratedforAm. ericanearsisthatpersonsofSpanish nationalityworkinginSouthAmerica willspreadFascistideasandcausea weakeningofallplansforhemisphere defenceemanatingfromtheUnited States. Spainisamenace,runsthepropaganda.

TheBlackLegend.

Inthepast,Spainwasthevictimof thegreat,world4encircling"leyenda negra,"theblacklegend,whichtaught thatinsidethebenightedcountrythere wasnothingbutblacksuperstition andtheburningsoftheInquisition. Theblacklegend,arisingoutofthe bitternessoftheReformation,worked toconcealthefactthatSpainhad greatscientists,writers,universities, saints,andforgottomentionthatthe brutalsideofhercolonisingwasonly a smallaspectofoneofthegreatestcivilisingandevangelisingprojects theworldhaseverknown.

Naturally,Spanishhistoryhasits seamyside,ashasthehistoryofEngland,Germany,andeventheUnited States.Yetnocountryontheglobe hashadsuchacorpsofimportanthistoriansandwritersdevotedtothe seamysideofitshistoryashasSpain. ItisalmostapartoftheAnglo-Saxon heritage.TheBookReviewofthe NewYork"Times"carryingareport ofthejpcfgraphyofaSpanishmissionarypriest,couldslipin,quitenatural. ly,astatementtotheeffectthatnot allSpanishmissionariesoftheageof discoverytorturedandkilledtheIndians.Inthemindofthewriter,a manoflearningandculture,wasclearlytheunfortunatepictureofhundreds andhundredsofCatholicpriestsdesert. ingtheirhomeland,crossingagreat ocean,enteringanewandunmapped continent,onlytoworkouttheirsadisticimpulsesuponthenatives.

Anti-SpanishPolicy. "Otravezlaleyendanegra!"Again theblacklegend!Thistimeitis morepowerfulbecauseoftheinternationalsituation.Spain.stretching hersoulafteralongdecadenceandrememberinghergreatpast,proclaims "Hispanidad"asthatbranchofLatin andChristiancivilisationwhichshe hasrepresentedintheworld.Apolicyinfavourof"Hipsanidad"aimsto strengthenthisculturewhereverit existsandtopromotespiritualunity betweenthebearersofthisculture wherevertheylive.Itisnotapoliticalmovement.Thatthestandardof valuesofthisculturewillconflicton somepointswiththevaluesmostimportanttotheAnglo-Saxon,andperhapscapitalistically-trainedmind,is .,111116

tobeexpected.Buttofightitonthe groundthatitplanstheoverthrowof theGovernmentsofsometwenty SouthAmericanrepublicsiscarrying thematteralittletoofar.Such,slowever,arethelinesoftheanti-everything-Spanishpolicy.Afterchoosing adetailthatisactual,itinterpretsit intheworstpossiblelightandthen addsitsownembroidery,leavingthe truthfarbehind.

Anotherexampleisclearer.Astory appearedintheAmericanpressannouncingthataclubforFascists,referringtotheFalange,officialpartyof Spain,hadbeenfoundedinMadridon fundsgivenbythewifeoftheAmericanAmbassador.Aconversationwith Mrs.Weddellrevealedthattheclub didexistinMadrid.Therequirementformembership,however,were verystrict.Onemustbeachildof themalesex,andonemusthavelost one'sfatherormotherorbothinthe SpanishCivilWar.Theclubisrun bythe"AuxilioSocial,"socialservice organisationofthe"SectionFemenina"oftheofficialparty,manyof whosemembersgivetheirservicesfree inthiswork.Oftheninetymembers oftheclub,themajorityarethechildrenoffatherswhodiedfightingwith theReds.Nosuchmisinterpretations offacthaveappearedintheAmerican pressconcerningthesupportthatMrs WeddellhasgiventotheAmerican RedCross,theAmericanJewishJoint DistributionCommittee,theUnitarian Committee,oroutofherworkhelping strandedrefugeesofvarousnationalities.Whenshemadethemistakeof helpingtheorphansofSpain,thefact istwistedtoapoliticalinterpretation inlinewiththecurrentcampaign againstSpain.

OriginsofPropaganda.

Theoriginsofthenewpropaganda movearewellknowntoSpaniardsin Spain.TheenemiesofnewSpain havebeenusingtherightoffreespeech accordedtheminothercountriesto consolidatetheirownpositionasmartyrstoagreatcause,andhavebeen usingthedemocraticidiomtokeep theoldandmakenewadherentstothe cause.Eveniftheirwordsdepr4ve theircountrymen,andwivesandchildren,ofbread,theymustfollowaset patternofpropaganda.

Spainatpresentisahungrycountry.InMadridonecantellthefood shopsbytheknotsofpeopleobstructingthesidewalktostandandstareat thewindows.Theblacklegendhas beenatworktopreventanyfoodfrom entering."Donotsendfoodto Spain,"itcautions."itwouldallgo toGermany."ThestirringsofChristiancharityinthefaceofacountry whosechildrenaredoomedtogrow upweakenedinbodyandbitterin mindfromyearsofhungerfadeaway. PeopletucktheproblemofSpainaway inacorneroftheirmindsassomething whichisjusttoobadbutwhichcannotbehelped,becauseabunchofjackalsintheGovernmentwouldtake thefoodfromthemouthsoftheirhungrymillionstosendittoanothernation.

SpainDoesExport.

Again,thiscampaignstartsoutwith atruthwhichistwistedoutofall meaning.Spaindoesexportacertain amountofonearticleofwhichher people-standinneed-oliveoil.She exportsitbecauseshehasto.She exportsitbecauseshehasnoforeign exchangeandbecauseshehastoget itemsofmachineryandotherthings whichmakepossiblethere-employment ofherpeopleinruinedfactories.To theSpainof1941,oliveoilismoney usedtoobtainthingsthatthenation cannotdowithout.Whatsheexportsisnotatremendousamount,becausetheolivetreesweredestroyedby thehundredsduringthewar.Those whocultivateoliveskeepacertain amountoftheiroil,andenoughofthe hestqualityoiliskepttosupplythe kitchensofthedifferentcentresof "AuxilioSocial"wherethepoorreceive therationofcookedfoodthathaspreventeddeathsfromfamineallover thecountry.

Wheatthecountrymustobtainfrom theoutside.Thebitternessagainst England'sblockade(now,happily,less strict)isunderstandableinapeople whoaftertheprivationsofawarmust continuetosufferhunger.Fruittrees andvinesareshowingtheresultsof lackofcare.Milkandmilkproducts arescarcebecausetheherdskilled duringthewararenotyetreplaced. Meatisobtainableinsmallquantities athighprices-duringthewareventhe donkeyswerekilledandeaten.

ShortageofTransport.

Miseryisnotequallydividedallover Spain.Naturally,thegreatcitiesof MadridandBarcelonapresenttothe visitorthemostabjectpicturesofmisery.Thoughcertainregionsofthe countryarerichincertainproducts, othersindifferentones,itisnexttoinv. possibletoexchangeperishablefoodstuffsbetweentheregionsbecausethere ishardlyanypetrol(propagandahas undoubtedlytoldyouthatifthere werepetrolsuppliestheywouldhave gonetoGermany)androadtrafficis greatlyreduced.Aterrifyingseries ofrailroadaccidentsrevealedthefact thatwhatwasleftofSpain'srail equipmentaftertheCivilWarcould notberuneffectivelyonnativecoal. Railtrafficisthusnotatallcapable ofmeetingthedemandsputuponit.

Itiswelltorememberthatduring theSpanishWartherewaswhitebread inFrancoSpain.andbecauseofconstructivepoliciestherewasnolackof food.IntherestofSpain,anarchy anddestructionrenderedunproductive someoftherichestareasofthecountry.WhenSpainwasunified,there wasnoquestionthatanyoneshouldgo hungrybecauseofpoliticalopinion. Thoseconvictedofcrimeswerepunished,buttheordinarysoldier,hiswife, hischildrencametothe"AuxilioSocial"trucktogetwhitebread.One halfofSpain,orderedandflowing withfood,saidtotheotherhalf,"I ammybrother'skeeper,"andthebest ofsuppliesweresentofftoBarcelona, Valencia,Madrid.Spainneededthe co-operationoftheworldtocarryout herplanstofeedthehungrymillions whowerehercharge.Thewarand '-onsequentblockadepreventedher Fromrecoveringfromherowntrial. thyhelpthatmighthavereachedher outofreasonsofpurehumanitywas

dockedbythose'whohopedforupisngswithinthishaplessnation.

TheRealMenace.

ThepowerofSpaintoinvadeSouth Americawithmoney,propagandists,or ForceofarmstochangeGovernments, -hepowerofSpaintofeedGermany sasmuchofarealityastheFascist :lubfoundedinMadridbythewifeof heAmericanAmbassador.

ButSpainisamenace.

TherealmenaceofSpainonedoes nothearaboutbecauseitwouldnot itinwiththecurrentofthenew"leyendanegra."Thesilencedoesnot takeawayitsterribleactuality.A greatmultitudeofpeopleweakenedby wararefarlessabletowithstandhungerthanthosewhostartoffwellfed. Agreatfoodlessmultitudewhichis alsomedicine-lessandtoagreatextent soaplessisthecradleofaplague.

Itisawondertomanythatthe typhusepidemicwaiteduntil1941to breakoutwithseverityinSpain.But itistherenow,anditwilltakesomethingofamiracletostopitstriumphantentryamongthecivilianpopulationofFrance(andfromtheretothe restofEurope)andacrosstoPortugal (fromtheretoEngland,whosepopulationhaslikewisesufferedaweakening ofresistance).

ThehelpfromtheUnitedStatesand Britain.whichbegantotrickleinnoticeablyduringtheearlymonthsof 1941,isfarfromenough.AngloSaxonsmightdowelltoexaminethe blacklegendthathasbeenwovenand begintofearSpainnotasafocalcentrefor"Hispanidad,"butasthefocal centrefortheplaguethatwouldnot stopattheboundariesofSpain.The pestisonethingshecouldnothelp exporting,whethershewantedtoor not.

LASTTROTTINGMEETING.

TheWestAustralianTrottingAssociationwillholditslastmeetinginthe 1940-41seasonnextSaturdaynight. Eachpersonwhogoesthroughthe turnstileswillbeissuedwithacomplimentaryticketfortheopeningmeeting ofthe1941-42seasonatGloucesterPark onAugust23.

Dressandfashion"(Past

mitimiociiiiciiiiiiisimmlimingfignimpitilimen.iiiii. UNSIGHTLYFACIALHAIR REMOVEDPERMANENTLY withoutdiscomfortorinconvenienceby ELECTROYLSIS.

ConsultationsFree. B7455. MISSR.DUGGAN, Room33,ThirdFloor,GleddenBuildings,WilliamStreet,Perth. neiiiiiiiimilenciumiciiiisimiquisitencieniii.ciummi,

ADVANCENEWS ofgreatimportanceforout-of-town ShoppersforHEADLINES.

MADELONMILLINERY NO.6PLAZAARCADE (MurraySt.End,opp.Boans). PersonalSupervisionE.MURPHY. ,................................................"...GRosE2s

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"TheRock," lishedbythe Kong,makes withregard nowbeingscreened showing Hall" was mostremarkable pagandaand Colonyhas ciplethereis moneythrough cause,for,if forpreventing thereisno tryshouldnot propagandami something imuchmoney goodtosee

month)magazine y pubJesuitFathersinHong thefollowingcomment to"PastorHall,"afilm inPerth. *

Onthisground findwith"Pastor thingthat Christianity known,even knownbea iist,financed lyforprofit. Inpractice, filmsaresuspect.

ofthefilm"Pastor inHongKonglastmonth theoccasionofoneofthe combinationsofprocommercialismthatthe everwitnessed.Inprinnothingwronginmaking theadvocacyofagood adoctorcanbewellpaid thespreadofdisease, reasonwhythefilmindusmakeprofitbyshowing tifitshpropagandabseo that ismadefromsinitis somemadefromvirtue. wehavenofaultto Hall."Itisagood theNazipersecutionof shouldbemadewidely ifthemeanstomakeit filmwrittenbyaCommunbyJewsand'shownentirehowever,propaganda Honestyisnota

"THESTOREOFQUALITY." 'Phone:F2198. STIRLINGHIGHWAY,MOSMANPARK. RHODES£SONS GROCERS,IMPORTERS,WINEANDSPIRITMERCHANT. Goodsdeliveredtoanypartofthedistrict.

Yellow

Hydraulic

ALLREPAIRS

Cabs

dignified.

shiningvirtueineitherthefieldofpropagandaorthefilmworld,andwhen bothareunitedthereisgreatdanger ofabuse.Theabusewasmanifestin thecaseof"PastorHall,'orrather, inthewaythatthefilmwastreated inHongKong,forwhileitwasput beforethepublicasan"anti-persecution"film,itwasinrealitysomething verydifferent,itwasan"anti-Nazi" one.Whenwearetoldthat"thisis whatwearefightingagainst"thereis theobvioussuggestionthatNazis shouldbeopposedbecausetheyare persecutors,yetifotherpersecutorsof asimilarkindareallowedtopassby uncondemned,thenthereisreasonto doubtthehonestyofthecondemnation ofthispersecution.Infactthereis reasontoconvictagooddealofitof beingmerehypocrisy.

Iftwoofyourneighbours,Aand B,havebarkingdogs,andifyoucomplaintothepoliceaboutA'sdog,declaringitapublicnuisance,andletB goscot-freethoughhisdogisasbad, ifnotactuallyworse,thenthereisreasontosuspectthatyouareanxiousto scoreapointagainstAhimselfrather thantostopapublicnuisance.The caseisexactlythesamewithregardto thismatterofreligiouspersecution.It wascarriedoninSovietRussiawith violenceforyears,andtherewasno condemnationofitbythosewhofelt suchpublicangerabouttheNazipersecutionshownin"PastorHall."In fact,manywhomadethemselvesparticularlyprominentinconnectionwith thisfilmwerepreciselythosewhohave cometoberegardedasnearCommunistsbecauseoftheirsympathywith CommunismandtheirsupportofSovietRussia.

Notmanyyearsago,too.therewere outragescommittedagainstreligionin Spainwhichwereasbad,andactually morebrutalintheirintensity,than anythingwhichhasbeendonebythe NazisinGermany.Yetnotonoof thosepeoplewhoweresogreatlydisturbedbytheiniquitiesshownin'PastorHall"everthoughtitnecessaryto speakasinglewordincondemnation oftheRedterrorinSpain.Onthe contrary,manyofthosewhofeltsuch greathorroratthepersecutionofreligionin"PastorHall'openlyidentified themselveswithsupportofthosein Spainwhowerecarryingonexactly thesamekindofpersecutionandperpetratingequalhorrors.Selectiveindignationdoesnotgowithsincerity.

WhentheviolenceinSpainwasat itsheight-andneedwepointout againthattheburningaliveofpriests, ill-treatmentofnunsandpublictortureofthoseidentifiedwithCatholicity,precededtherisingofthepeople againsttheReds,-manypeople,such asthevirtuousMr.Lansbury,declared thattheycouldnottakestoriesoftortureintoaccount,becausepropaganda alwaysspecialisesinhorrorstoriesand itissodifficulttogetaccurateinformation;yetinconnectionwithNazi Germany,thereisnevertheslightest hesitationinbelievingthestoriesthat aretoldaboutpersecutionandtorture there.

Morethanonecommentaryon"PastorHall"declaredthatthehorrorsof theconcentrationcampofDachau areprovedbeyondalldoubt.Now, howeverstrongmaybetheevidenceof theinhumanitiesofDachau,onething iscertainandthatisthatthereisten timesgreaterevidenceofhorrorsperpetratedinSpain.

Thisevidencehasbeencollected, weighedwithjudicialdeliberation,and published'forallwhoareinterestedin thetruthtoseeforthemselves,and havetheelementarysenseofjusticeto lookbeyondabiassedpressfortheirinformation.Yetitisthoughtconsist. entwithmoralindignationabout"PastorHall"tofavouraCommunistoutbreakinSpainto-dayeventhoughit wouldbringarepetitionofthesame persecution.

Ulster"ReignofTerror." Religiouspersecutionistobecondemnedwhereveritexists,butthere islittlesincerityinthecondemnation whentheobjectofitiscarefullyselectedandchosenformotivesofpoliticalinterest.Ifpersecutionexisted insomequarterwheresomeone'sinfluencecouldbeexertedtostopit, therewouldsurelybemorereasonfor believinginhisgenuinehatredofpersecutionifheraisedhisvoiceagainst thisthanifheremainedsilentaboutit andonlycondemnedreligiouspersecutionwhenitwasaconvenientpropagandaweaponagainsthispoliticalenemies.Atthepresenttimereligious persecutionofCatholicsexistsinthe artificially-createdstateofNorthern

Ireland,yetthereisabsolutesilence aboutitonthepartofthosewhocondemnthispersecutioninGermany.

Theexistenceofthispersecutionwill probablycomeasasurprisetomany whodependfortheirnewsonthe dailypapers,foritisasthoroughlyconcealedbythepressasisGermanper- secutionbytheGermanpress,yetit hasreachedsuchapitchthatanonCatholicbodyliketheNationalCounciloftheY.M.C.A.protestedagainstIt inapublicreport,andtwenty-fourprominentmeninEnglandandIreland,includingsixteenProtestants, presentedamemorialtothePrime Ministerappealingagainstit.The signatoriesofthisappealincludedfive generalsoftheBritisharmy,butit broughtnoimprovement.

Manyofthethingswhichcausedaudiencestoshudderwhentheysaw "PastorHall"arebeingdonetoCatholicsinNorthernIrelandto-day.The UlsterDefenceVolunteers.whichhave uncheckedauthority,havetheirranks closedtoCatholics,andtheyactin exactlythesamewayasNazisinGermany.TheyraidCatholichomesby night-uptoonehundredhousesa nightinBelfastalone-batterdown doors,terrorisewomen,anddragoff mentoprisonwheretheyarebeaten andkeptwithouttrial.Catholichalls havebeenbombedandnunshavehad toreceivepoliceprotection.Catholics havebeenturnedoutofemployment anddeniedeverychanceofdecentlivelihood.EarlyinthewarCatholic workersweredrivenbyviolenceoutof theBelfastshipyards,and,asthedisturbancecreatedcouldnotbeconcealed,thematterbecamepublicandit wasdeclaredthatnosuchvictimisationwouldhappenagain.Butithas happenedregularly,allthat'hasbeen changedisthemannerofcarryingit out.Nowthesystemisthattheman's houseisraidedandtheworkmantaken toprison,keptafewdayswithout charge,asdthensetfree,onlytofind thathehaslosthisemployment.MembersoftheUlstergovernmentboastoftheabsenceofCatholicemployeesinGovernmentdepartments,thougha thirdofpopulationareCatholics. Forexample,noneofthesixteendispensarydoctorsinBelfastareCatholics,noranyoftherelievingofficers, andthereisnotasingleCatholicinthe higherbranchesoftheCivilService.

IneverysectionoftheadministrationdiscriminationagainstCatholicsis notmerelyafactbutanadmittedfact. Itisnotamatterofpolitics,norsomethingthathasarisenoutofthepresent war.Longago,thelateUlsterPrime Minister,LordCraigavon,gavethe lead,whenspeakinginParliament: "AllIboastofisthatweareaProtestantParliamentandaProtestant people. IamanOrangemanfirst andamemberofthisparliamentafterwards."AndtheMinisterofAgriculturegaveanotherleadwhenhesaid toapublicmeeting:"ManyofthisaudienceemployCatholics,butIhavenot oneaboutmyplace."

Ifthesethingswereabletohappen beforethewar,onecanimaginethe conditionsduringthewar,whenProtestantsonlyarearmedandtheyknow thatthereisnocheckonanything theydoagainstCatholics.Thepresent conditionsarewhattheBishops,who arenotgiventointemperatelanguage, havedescribedasa"reign44,terror," whileaswepointedout,reprntative menofalldenominationsthoughtit necessary,thoughwithoutresult,to bringthefactstothenoticeofMr. Churchillhimself.

Everyoneknowsquitewellthatifa tenthofthistaleofbigotryweretold aboutSouthernIreland,oraboutany Catholiccountry,itwouldbeflaunted inthepress,andanypeopleofsucha countrywhocalleduponothersto jointhemincondemningintolerance anywhereelsewouldbeveryrightly toldtoputtheirownhouseinorder first.

Byallmeansletreligiouspersecution inGermanybecondemned,whetherit beofJewsorProtestantsorCatholics, butletthispersecutionbecondemned inothercountries,too.Ifthosewho thought"PastorHall"soimportant considereditsobecauseitshowed "whatwearefightingagainst,"then weshouldexpectthemtobelessselectiveintheircondemnation.

FEDERAL-STATE TAXATIONRETURNS

"ANIGHTINALASKA."

TheyoungerpeopleofHighgate, whowereprivilegedtobepresentat theParishHall,Highgate,onWednesdaylast,June25,attheinvitationof themembersoftheLeagueofCatholicYouth,certainlyhadawonderful time.Agreatcrowdofyoungcouples dancedtomusicsuppliedbyNellSheridan'sorchestra.Thehallwasdecoratedinwhite,andthestagelookedparticularlyattractivewithcascadesof whitestreamersandimitationsnow flakesfallingfromthesignof"Alaska" doneincottonwool.Abackgroundof pinkandblueaddedacolourfulcontrasttothewhite.

These.L.C.Y.dancesareprovingvery popularintheHighgateParish.The committeeresponsibleconsistsofMrs. Slattery,Mrs.Thomas,Mrs.McCaul, Mrs.Kieran,Mrs.Mulcahy,Mrs.Hogan andMissM.Dore.

Amongthosepresentwere:Misses EleanorCasey,TheresaEdwards,NellieVeuner,RonnieRyan,Winnie Smith,MargaretLang,JoyceHullet, EileenTaylor,JoanMarsland,Joyce Waddell,GloriaVooles,PatTozer, EileenO'Donnell,GwynSullivan,RonnielePage,PatMulcahy,MaryMulcahy,PatSlattery,MaryFlanagan, ImeldaO'Dwyer,VernaFlanagan,Rita McMullen,Noreen'McMullen,EsmeLe Guier,HilaryBrady,JuneMurray, AudreyFaulds,PaddySomers,M. Easton,D.Knox,M.Clarke.Beryl Lewis,MarjorieHastie,YvonneFirmen,DoraMillendorf,DoreenFlynn, V.Davies,JoyceStarr,N.Catchpole, L.Mohr,BridleCoffey,BiddyHogan tFremantle),RhodaO'Brien,Eileen Scott;Mrssrs.E.Mulcahy,IanCargeeg, N.Masavitt,T.Gibbons,B.McGurk, J.Hennessy,J.O'Brien,WarrenPitts, T.Cogan,HarryEaston,K.Ryan,C. Nallan,DesFlynn,J.Evans,G.Slattery,R.Flanagan,K.Clarke,G.Smith, P.McCaul,B.Long,E.Parker,J.Lee. DouglasCreeper,J.O'Donnell,J. Smith,M.Smith,A.Hogan,D.Johnson,NeilFogarty,D.O'Brien,J.Steffon,J.O'Meara,L.Elliott,J.Seldon, J.Carr,andmanyothers.

ThenextdanceisdatedforJuly23.

FAREWELLPARTY.

Averyenjoyablepartywasheldat theresidenceofMr.G.Smith2 Chelmsford-road,onSaturday,June28, tofarewellMr.JamesCarr,wholeaves shortlyfortheEasternStatesonNaval duties.Theeveningwastakenup withgames,dancing,andcommunity singing.Averydaintysupperwas thenserved,afterwhichMr.SmithproposedthetoastandpresentedMr.Carr withabeautifulwalletsuitablyengraved,asamarkoftheesteeminwhich heisheld.

AmongthosepresentwereMissesG. Smith,N.McMullen,Y.Firmin,K. Smith,E.LeGuier,V.Davies,A.Smith, J.Hullet,M.Smith,M.Flanagan,P. Bardi,P.Slattery,J.Bardi;Messrs.D. Flynn,H.Wilkinson.G.Smith,K. Ryan,K.Clarke,P.O'Sullivan,D. Woods,K.Thomas,J.Steffan,D.Johnson,B.Bogue,J.Carr,andD.Dwyer.

CASTLE/3AR!ANNUALFIELD DAY.

ThearivalFieldDayatCastledare Junior11Orphanagewilltakeplaceon July27.AcommitteeofSt.Vincent dePaulmembersareinchargeofthe arrangementsandtheCatholic Women'sLeaguehasundertakenthe cateringfortheoccasion.

FAREWELLPARTY.

ThepopularityofStaff-SergeantS. SmithandCorporalOrr,whoaregoing overseas,wasamplyevidencedonSaturdaylast,whenanumberoftheir friendsgatheredattheresidenceof Mrs.Hall,Palmerston-street,Osborne Park,totenderthemafarewellparty. Singing,bothsoloandcommunity,violinselectionsbySergeantChilds,and variouscardandcointricksbyCorporalDavieshelpedtowhileawaya verypleasantandenjoyableevening. Afteraverydaintyrepast,served fromtablesnicelydecoratedwithpatrioticemblems,hadbeendonefull justiceto,Mr.P.Davidsonproposed thetoastoftheguests,whichwasrespondedtobyStaff-SergeantSmith andCorporalOrr.Thetoastof"The Ladies"wassuitablyhonouredatthe instanceofStaff-SergeantO'Connor. Theeveningwasbroughttoaclose bythesingingof"AuldLangSyne."

Thosepresentincluded:Sergeantand Mrs.Thomas,Staff-SergeantO'Connor, SergeantWallace,CorporalandMrs. Griffiths,SergeantChilds,Corporal Davies,CorporalGibson,Corporaland Mrs.Orr,GunnerandMrs.Cant,Mr. andMrs.A.Schwarz,JosephSchwarz, MesdamesS.Smith,Wilson,SimpsonandGrossman:MissesBettyHall andShaw;'Mr.W.Marr,andMr.Norman.

OfGeneralInterest

MISSPEGGYSHEAHAS LOVELYVOICE.

TotravelabroadanddoGrand Opera,istheprincipalambition ofMissPeggyShea,oneofthe leadingactressesintheGilbert andSullivanOperaCo.,now inPerth.FormerlyaMelbourne businessgirl,MissSheaisacomparativelyrecentacquisitionof thecompany,andmadeherGilbertandSullivandebutinthe Melbourneseasonof"TheYeomanoftheGuards,"inAprillast year.Previously,shehadfilled inhersparetimeplayingleading partsinamateurmusicalproductions,andsanginabouttwelve showswiththeEssendonOperaticSociety,whensheplayedall theGladyMoncrieffrolesin "Southern Maid," "Merry Widow,"etc.Incidentally,Miss PeggySheahasapassinglikenesstothegreatAustraliansinger,andthepublicwerenotslow tonoticethisfact.

WhenshewontheOrmonde ScholarshipoftheUniversity ConservatoriuminMelbourne, hertrainingbeganundertheexpertcareofMadameOttlee.The firstimportantsuccessinher musicalcareercamewhenshe wontheSunAriaContestin 1938.andlatertheP.andA.Parade, andnumerouslessercompetitions. Neitherofherparentscansing,and asfarassheknowsshehadnomusicalancestors.

MissSheahasbeensingingsinceshe wassixyearsold,andwassoloistin thechildren'schoirwhenattheSisters ofSt.Joseph'sSchoolofSt.Augustine, Yarraville.

WhenlivingatNorthMelbourne, whereherfatherwasstationedwith thefirebrigade,shetravelledregularly fromtheretoYarravilleeverySunday tosingatearlyMass.

MissSheawasdiscoveredbyMiss MinnieEverett,produceroftheGilbertandSullivanOperas,whohad beenaskedtoproduce"TheBelleof NewYork"fortheEssendonOperatic Society.MissEverettmentionedto Mr.FrankTaitthatshewastheideal typetoplaythemezzo-sopranoroles intheGilbertandSullivanComic Operas,andparticularlythepartof Phoebein"TheYeomenoftheGuard." InMelbourneshewoninstantsuccess inthisoperaandwasalsowarmlyapplaudedforherotherroles.Inthe presentPerthseasonherportrayalsincludeGianettain"TheGondoliers," PittiSingin"TheMikado,"Melissain "PrincessIda,"LadySaphirin"Patience,"MadMargaretin"Ruddigore," Phoebein"TheYeomenoftheGuard," andthetitlerolein"Iolanthe."Her favouriterolesareMadMargaretand Phoebe.Perthhasalreadyseenher in"TheGondoliers,"whenasGianetta shegavealaudableperformance.Miss Sheahasalovelyvoice,excellentdiction,andknowshowtoact.Sheloves theatrelifeandprefersittoallother work. TwoyearsagoshevisitedWestern Australia,whenshecamefora month'svacationtoherrelatives,Mr. andMrs.M.J.Dillon,oftheAustralia. Hotel,Kalgoorlie.Whileheresheperformedagooddealofradioworkand broadcastonKalgoorlieandPerthstations.Nowshereturnsasanactress whohasalreadyachievedsuccesson theprofessionalstage.Hermother andfatherhaveaccompaniedherfrom Melbournetobewithherduringher Perthseason.

SAVOYOPERASINPERTH.

GilbertandSullivanOperaisever green,andtheopeningofthepresent seasoninPerthbroughttheusual crowdedaudiencewhodelightinthe lateArthurSullivan'smusicalgems andthewitandsatireofthelateWilliamS.Gilbert.Traditionrequires thatthecompanyopenwith"The Gondoliers,"agreatpublicfavourite, andthepresentcastepresenteditin superbfashion.StrikingnewandcolourfulcostumesandthebrilliantbackgroundofVenetianlakesandpalaces presentedaverygayscene.Ivan MenzieswasanexcellentDukeof Plaza-Toro,andcausedagooddeal ofamusementinhisportrayalofthe roleofthelight-heartedSpanishgrandee.ValerieWalshwasanablepartnerastheDuchess,andViolaWilson sangverywellinthesopranopartof Casilda.JohnFullard,anexceptionallygoodleadingtenor,receivedatremendousovationforhissolo,"Takea PairofSparklingEyes,"whileGregory Stroudplayedandsangverywellin thepartofGuiseppe.SaraGregory asTessa,andPeggySheaasGianetta

andMissMaryO'Connor,treasurer,and theirefficientcommitteeofladies,were mainlyresponsibleforthesuccessful C.W.L.eveningheldrecentlyinHighgateforthesewingguildbranch.

Mrs.Redvers-Bates,of4Crawley Avenue,isatpresentinSt.Johnof GodHospital,whereherconditionis improving.

AlsoinSt.JohnofGodHospital.Subiaco,areMrs.Condon,ofthePost Office,Scarborough;MissConstance Moore,andMissMarieEdwards,of SouthernCross.

Mr.F.J.McAdam,oftheLandsand SurveysDepartment,whohasbeen PresidentoftheCivilSeriveAssociationofWesternAustraliaforeight years,longerthananypreviouspresident,hasdeclinedtonominateforthe officeforthecomingyear.

Mr.andMrs.Cranley,oftheWembleyHotel,arecallingtheirnewson Francis.

Mr.V.Devatt,ofTyrell-street,Nedlands,isatpresentinhospital,where hisconditionisimproving.

FriendsofMrs.O'Connor,ofCleaverstreet,WestPerth,willregrettoknow

SOCIALCALENDAR.

July5:CombinedSocieties'FortnightlyDance,St.Joseph'sHall,Subiaco.

July9:Socialevening,ParishHall, Highgate.

July9:Cardparty,St.Joseph'sHall, Subiaco.

werecapableintheirpartsandsang pleasinglythroughout. Chorusworkwasexceptionallygood, asalsowastheorchestra,uponwhich somuchdependsforthesuccessofthe Savoyoperas.Thefirst-classperformanceoftheinstrumentalistswasparticularlygratifying,astheyaremostly localartists.

HIGHGATEPARISHBALL.

ThedateoftheHighgateParishBall hasbeenchangedfromJuly17toFriday,July18. Thearrangementsare inthehandsofacapablecommittee, andtheballpromisestobeanoutstandingsuccess.TheParents'and Citizens'AssociationhaveengagedMrs. Hughes'orchestrafortheevent,andas usualthespecialsupperwillbeafeatureoftheevening.

CATHOLICPATRIOTICBALL.

TheCatholicPatrioticBallwillbe heldatGovernmentHouseBallroom onFriday,August1.Arrangements areinthehandsofacommitteeconsistingoftheladies'auxiliaryofthe CatholicWelfareOrganisation,andrepresentativesfromthevariousexstudents'associations.Youngladies wishingtomaketheirdebutatthis functionshouldcommunicatewiththe ChurchOffice,VictoriaAvenue,Perth, assoonaspossible,whentheywillbe advisedrerehearsals,etc.

PERSONAL

MissMaryDore,Secretaryofthe HighgateCatholicWomen'sLeague,

July18:HighgateParishBall,inthe HighgateHall.

July27:AnnualFieldDay,Castledaf!.

July29:HighgateBridgeParty,inthe HighgateParishHall.

August1:CatholicPatrioticBall,GovernmentHouseBallroom.

thatsheisatpresentinSt.Johnof GodHospital.Subiaco.

MissBettyBlechyndenisholidaying inBeverleyastheguestofMissK. Blechynden.Shehasjustfinishedher secondyearasatraineeattheFremantleHospital. Duringtheweekdaughterswereborn toMrs.CecilDurack,ofWagin,andto Mrs.JohnLavan,ofWinthropAvenue, Crawley.

Mr.E.O'Berg,of14Princes-street, Cottesloe,isatpresentinSt.Johnof GodHospital,Subiaco.

-MissRitaBlechynden,thirddaughterofMr.andMrs.A.Blechynden,late ofBeverley,hasenteredSt.Johnof GodHospital,Belmont,asatrainee. InSt.JohnofGodHospital,Subiaco,areMrs.Reynolds,ofMoora;Mr. Nichols,38Cook-street,Nedlands;Mr. AnthonyWaters,ofSawyersValley; andMrs.AnnieTrevaskis,of209Loftus-street,Perth.

Mrs.PercyHicksandfamily,of Perth,arespendingaholidaywiththe former'smother,Mrs.A.Marwick,of "ElmHouse,"Newcastle-steet,Beverley. Friendsof'Mrs.W.Taylor,47Solomon-street,Beaconsfield,willregretto knowthatsheisatpresentinSt.John ofGodHospital,Subiaco.

BRINGTHATPHOTOGRAPHYOUWANT TO

RECORD

PERTH,THURSDAY,JULY3.1941.

DIVORCE

StatisticsofthisStaterevealeachyearasteadygrowthinthe numberofdivorces,whilethefiguresofjuveniledelinquencyand ofneglectedanddestitutechildrenshowproportionateincreases. Hereindeedisprogressinthemodernsense,buttoChristiansitcan onlybeasourceofshame,ofconcernforthefuturewelfareofthe nation,andofspeculationastothe"wayoflife"ourtroopsare fightingtopreserve.Theprevalenceofdivorceandthefacilities forobtainingit,pointtotwoconclusions.Firstly,outsidethe CatholicFaith,marriageis,forthemostpart,regardedpurelyasa civilcontract,andtheDivinecharacterwhichChristgavetoitis completelyignored.TheculpabilityofthismustrestalmostentirelyontheEnglishNationalApostasy,whichmadetheChurch ofEnglandthepawnoftheStateandthehandmaidenofpolitical andhencesecularinterests.EnglishProtestantism,fromthat timeonwards,wasgovernedbythestrangephilosophythatreligionwasfundamentallyamatterofgeography,thatpatriotismwas religion.ButinsteadofChurchandStateworkingharmoniously together,thoughindifferentspheres,asformerly,itsoonbecame evidentwhowaslord,andwhotheslave.Thesecularisationof marriage,andofeducation,couldnotwellberesistedbyEnglish Protestantism,becauseitdependedforitsveryexistenceonthe willofthesecularpowers.

Yetadeeperanalysistendstoindicatethatthechaoticstate ofmarriageinmoderntimesisdue.morethananythingelse,toa completelydebasedandpaganoutlookonlove,andtoadiseased philosophywhichpervertstheessentialnatureandobjectofmarriage.Fromabasic,natural.viewpoint,even,humanloveisnot primarilyamatterofemotion.Ithas,indeed,thisemotionalaspect,butitcanneverbetotherationalnatureofmaneitherasufficientmotiveoranadequatetestformarriage.Inpracticalterms, theonlyconvincingproofofloveisindeedsdonefortheperson loved,especiallyindifficultdeeds.Thetestofloveisfidelity,and hencenotamatterdependentontransientemotions,butadispositionoftheeffectivewilldirectedandsustainedbyreasonable motivesofthemind.Theprevalenceofsensualityinitsmyriad formsinourdayhassappedeffectivelytheserootideaswhichunderliesuccessfulandhappymarriages.Yetmore,widespread illicitsexknowledgeandpre-nuptialindulgencehavedisastrously weakenedthesehabitsofself-controlonwhichmutualrespctis based,andhavemademaritalfidelityalmostamoralimpossibility formany.

Thoughdivorcehasbecomepartandparcelofcivilandlegal legislation,thefactthatalingeringtraditionofChristianbeliefand practiceyetremainseventonon-professingChristians,isevidenced inthatdivorceisstillvaguelyregardedbythemajorityasastigma. Apuzzlingfeatureofthetolerationofdivorceisthat,whileit mighthavebeenexpectedofathoroughlysecularisednationalism, yetitwastoleratedandrecognisedinmanyProtestantquarters, whichclaimedtheScripturesasthesoleRuleofFaith.Now,if anyonematterintheNewTestamentisclearerthananother,it istheexplicitcondemnationofChristofdivorce.Whateversuperficialargumentsinitsfavourmightbeurgedonnaturalgrounds, divorceneverhadtheremotestcasefromScripturalpremisses. TherearefourpassagesintheGospelswhichdealexplicitlywith thequestionofmarriageanddivorce,twoinSt.Matthew'saccount, andoneeachinSt.MarkandSt.Luke.Ithasbeentheusual practiceofthosewhoadvocatedivorce(inthesenseoftheputtingawayofahusbandorwifewithlibertytoremarry)toendeavour toestablishtheirpositionbyaclauseinthetwopassagesfromSt. Matthew.WeshallconfineourattentiontotheScripturalargument,becausethosewhichareadvancedoneithernaturalorsociologicalgroundsbearnoweightagainsttheclearteachingofRevelation.

TheclauseinSt.Matthew'sGospel(chaptersVandXIV) whichisallegedtosupportdivorce,runs:"Exceptingthecauseof fornication."ItmustberememberedthattheMosaiclawpermitteddivorceforadultery,andforcertainotherreasonssetforth inDeuteronomy.InOurLord'stimetwoschoolsofinterpretationexistedamongtheJews;thatofHillelextendedtheminor causesofseparationtocovereverypretext,whilethedisciplesof ShammaisoughttorestricttheMosaicconcessiontoadulteryonly andtoexcludeallminorcausesofseparation.Bothschoolsallowedboththehsubandandthedivorcedwifetocontractafresh marriage.ButthedoctrineofOurLordenunciatedintheSermon ontheMountwasconfesselyahigherlawthanprevailedamong theJews.Atthissametime,Christlaiddownthatthejustice(or moralconduct)ofHisdisciplesmustexceedthatoftheScribes andPharisees.Hisownmissionwastoperfectthelaw.Itwas preciselybytheaffirmationandenforcementoftheindissolubility ofthemarriagebondthatOurLordraisedmarriageabovetheprevailingmoralstandardoftheJews,andrestoredittothestability andsanctionofitsoriginalinstitution.Thehigherschoolsof ScribesandPhariseeshadrestrictedseparationtothesinofadultery,buthadallowedseparatedpersonstherightofremarriage. OurLordpermittedseparationfromfellowshipforthesinofadultery,butnotfreedomfromthemarriagebond.

Thatthiswasanewdoctrineandnotmerelyanechoofwhat thestricterJewishteacherstaught,isshownbytheastonishment ofthedisciplesinthesewords:"Ifthecaseofamanwithhiswife beso,itisnotexpedienttomarry."andbytheirpresentlyasking OurLordprivatelyaboutit.Formanyadditionalreasons,the interpretationthatthewords"exceptitbeforfornication"allow themarriagebondtobedissolvedbecauseofadulterycannotbe admitted.ThisviewisopposedtoOurLord'sexpresspurposeof restoringthetruestandardofmarriageabovetheconcessivelegislationoftheMosaiclaw.Itwould,moreover,beanencouragementofadulteryasameansofescapingfromaunionwhichhad

becomeirksometooneorbothparties.Finallyitrestsamost gravecourseofconductonthedoubtfulGreektextofthisonepassage;whereasthecontrarycourseofconductrestsontheundisputedtextofalltheotherpassagesintheNewTestamentwhichdeal withthesubject.IftherewereanyrealdoubtabouttheGospel's meaning,itiscompletelydispelledbytheclearteachingofSt. PaulintheseventhchapterofhisfirstEpistletotheCorinthians. TheScripturaldoctrineonceestablished,noquestionofminorreasonsfordivorceisadmissibleandnoChristianmayputpersonal considerationsbeforetheexplicitCommandmentsofOurLord.

TArc_aulocese

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

July20:PresideatFestivalMeetingof theSt.VincentdePaulSociety,at St.,Aloysius',ShentonPark.

July27-

Afternoon:AttendAnnualGiftDay atCastledareJuniorOrphanage. Evening:AdministertheSacrament ofConfirmationatSt.Mary's,Leederville.

August1:Receivedebutantesatthe CatholicPatrioticBall.

August10:SolemnlyblessnewChurch ofSt.Patrick,Waroona.

August15:AdministertheSacrament ofConfirmationatSt.Brigid's Church,Collie.

August17:CanonicalVisitationand ConfirmationatSt.Brigid'sChurch, Bridgetown.

August24:CanonicalVisitationand ConfirmationatSt.Joseph'sChurch, Manjimup.

August31:CanonicalVisitationand ConfirmationattheChurchofthe Assumption,Donnybrook.

VaticanGivesNewsofA.I.F.Missing

APOSTOLICDELEGATEWILL NOTIFYRELATIVES.

Arrangementshavebeenmadeby theApostolicDelegateforPapalrepresentativesinallcountries,including Germany,whereA.I.F.andNewZealandsoldiersmaybeheldasprisoners ofwar.ThesemenwillbeinterviewedandtheirmessageswillbebroadcastfromtheVaticanStationtoArchbishopPanico,whowilldulyforward themtotherelativesconcerned. Thosewishingtoavailoftheservice oftheVaticanandtheApostolicDelegationshouldadvisetheHon.Sesretary,CatholicWelfareOrganisation,c/o ChurchOffice,Perth.Thefollowing informationisrequiredregardingthe addressoftheForcesaboutwhomenquiriesaremade:Number,rank,name, age,wherereportedmissing,nameand addressofnext-of-kin.

ASydneymessageofSaturday.22nd. ult.,statedthattheVaticanCityRadio hadontheprecedingFridaynight broadcastinEnglish,newsofAustralianandNewZealandprisonersofwar. Themessagestatedthatalthoughin Rome,VaticanCityisaneutralState, anditishopedthatweeklytransmissionswillbemadetotheApostolic Delegate(theMostRev.J.Panico, D.D.I.HisExcellencysaidonthe SaturdaythatassistancewouldbegivenbythePopetoAustralianandNew Zealandprisonersofwarwithoutdistinctionofreligion.

Fridaynight'stransmissionwasso accuratethateventhedatesofbirth oftheAnzacswerementioned,andin almosteverycasetheexactaddresses ofthenextofkininAustraliaandNew Zealandweregiven.

TheApostolicDelegatewillinform relativesofthewhereaboutsandhealth ofallmenwhosenamesarebroadcast.

OntheFridaynighttheVaticanCity announcergavethenamesof26membersoftheA.I.F.,eachofwhomsent greetingstohisfamilyandgavereportsofhishealth.ArchbishopPanicohassentthelisttotheMinisterfor

MR.

LEORYANPASSES

Mr.LeoRyan,well-knownsports commentatorandwriter,affectionately rememberedbymanyex-studentsof theChristianBrothers'College,St. George'sTerrace,wherehetaughtthe FifthClassformanyyears,diedon Wednesdaynightafterasuddenillness.

ThelateMr.Ryanwasprominently connectedwithmanysportingorganisations,andwasanauthorityonsportinghistory.Forseveralyearshehas conductedtheAustralianBroadcasting Commission'ssportingsessions.Mr. RyanwasalsoaselectorofStatecricketandfootballteams.

DuringtheyearsthathewasteachingattheChristianBrothers'College, Mr.Ryanalsofilledthedutiesof sportsmaster,andduringthatperiod theCollege'ssportingsuccesseswere outstanding.Latterlyhehasbeenon thestaffofSt.Patrick'sBoys'School. Heleavesawidow,twosons,whoare servingabroadwiththeA.I.F.(both arepostedasmissing)andfive daughters,oneofwhom(SisterImeldalisamemberoftheCommunityof theSistersofMercy,VictoriaSquare.

QUARANTORE

JULY.

Sunday. 1st.St.Patrick'sHavelockSt., andLosmurdie:OneDay ofExposition.

theArmy(Mr.Spender),whowillrelaytheinformationtorelatives. Indicatingthattheservicesofthe VaticanandtheApostolicDelegation areatthedisposaloftherelativesof A.I.F.orNewZeaalndfightingmen, HisExcellency,Dr.Panico-,1saidthat thisrepresentedaworkof-Christian charity,andthereforeinvolvednoexpensetothepersonsconcerned.

PAPALNUNCIOTOITALY.

ToVisitLI.T.PrisonersofWar.

ThePapalSecretaryofStatehasinformedtheApostolicDelegatethatthe PapalNuncioinItaly,Archbishop BorgonginiDuca,wouldshortlyvisit Australianprisonersofwar.Hewould obtainmessagesfromthemtobecommunicatedtotheirrelativesthrough theApostolicDelegation.

1941PLAINCHANTFESTIVAL.

Thisyearthefestivalwillbeheld duringtheweekendingOctober4. ThecombinedMassforthechildren, atwhichHisGracetheArchbishopwill preside,willbeheldinSt.Mary'sCathedralonOctober3,thefeastofSt. TeresaofLisieux.Thecombined MassforthechildrenoftheFremantle districtwillbeheldinSt.Patrick's Church,Fremantle,eitheronOctober 2FeastoftheGuardianAngels)or October4(FeastofSt.Francisof Assisi),HisGracetheArchbishop willpresideatthisfunctionalso.

Theconcert,atwhichthewinning schoolswillsing,willbeheldinAnzac HouseonFridaynight.October3.

Thedivisionsoftheschoolswillbe thesameasusualforthegirls'colleges andboys'collegesandschools.Forthe primaryschoolstherewillbeaslightly differentarrangement.Therewillbe thesamethreedivisions,buttheplacingoftheschoolswillbeworkedout bythefollowingformula:

Theaverageageofthecljfrirmultipliedbythenumberinit.

Allthescholarsfromthethird standarduptoandincludingthosewho willnotturnfifteenduringthecurrent year,mustbeincluded.Thisupper limitdoesnotapplytothesectionfor boysorcollegesforgirls.

Therewillbeasimilarcompetition forHarmoniumplayingaswasheld lastyear,exceptingthatthecompetitionwillbeheldinprivateandprobablyaweekbeforetheordinarycompetitions.Therewillbethesametwo divisions,e.g.,openandunderfifteen. Themusicwillbetheacompaniments ofthepiecessetforthecompetitions forsinging,withadditionalsimplesight readingfromtheDiocesanHymnCard accompanimentfortheopensection.

Anewfeaturewillbeaspecialsectionfortheconductingofthechant. Singlecompetitorsmayenterforthis fromanyschool,anduptothreeprizes willbegivenaccordingtothenumber ofentries.Theentrancefeeforboth thisandtheHarmoniumsectionwillbe 5s.,andtheprizesforeachsectionwill be:1st.,12:2nd.,113rd.,10s.

OURLADYOFMT.CARMEL.

OnTuesday,July15.thefaithful mayvisittheCarmeliteChapelfrom mid-dayuntilWednesdayevening,July 16. Aplenaryindulgencemaybe gainedateachvisit.OnWednesday morningHighMasswillbecelebrated at10a.m.,andExpositionoftheBlessedSacramentwillfollowallday.At 3.30p.m.asermonwillbepreachedby Rev.FatherQuigley,S.J.,followedby BenedictionoftheMostBlessedSacramentandvenerationoftherelicofSt. SimonStock.

Pope'sFeastDay

LastSunday,beingtheFeastofSS. PeterandPaul,wasobservedasthe feastdayoftheHolyFather,andspecialsermonswerepreachedinthechurchesontheSupremePontificate.In theCathedralSolemnHighMasswas celebratedat11o'clock.ThecelebrantwasRev.FatherLalor.Rev. FatherMcGillicuddywasdeacon,Rev. FatherDonnellysub-deacon,andRev. FatherRaffertywasmasterofceremonies.Theoccasionalsermonwas preachedbyVeryRev.Dr.Kennedy, Adm.

Wardale'sbeautifulMassofSt. MichaelwassungbySt.Mary'sCathedralChoir(conductedbyRev.Father Lynch)AndattheOffertorythechoir sang"OremusProPontifice"byN. 'Praglia.TheCathedralorganist (MissMargaretHanley)playedtheaccompanyingmusic.

IntheeveningHisGracetheArchbishopgavePontificalBenedictionof theBlessedSacrament.Thepreacher thenwasRev.FatherHogan,C.SS.R., whosesermonisherereported:

FATHERHOGAN'SSERMON.

"HabemusPapam"-WehaveaPope!

To-day,beingthefeastofSt.Peter, thefirstPope,iscalled"Pope'sDay," orthefeastdayofthePope.Itisa daywhichCatholicsthroughoutthe worldhavesetapartforreflectingon allthatthePopemeanstothemand forpayingspecialmarksofhonourand esteem.Thatwe,too,maysharein thisuniversalrejoicing,letusgoback inspyittothatMarchdaytwoanda halfyearsagoandtrytorecapture thejoythatwasourswhenEugene CardinalPacellibecamePopePiusXII.

Ontheafternoonofthatday,March 2.1939,IstoodamongthemanythousandsintheSquareofSt.Peter'sand saw,curlingupfromthechimneyof theSistineChapel,thewispofwhite smokethattoldtheworldanewPope hadbeenelected.Halfanhourlater CardinalCadciaDominioni,standing onabalconyoverlookingthevast square,announcedthejoyfultidings: "HabemusPapamr-WehaveaPope!" Thewordsweregreetedwithprolonged acclamation."TheMostEminent," hecontinued,"andMostReverendEugene---"Therestofhiswordswere drownedinthunderousapplause.That onenamehadbeenenough.Forthe multitudeknewatoncethatthechoice oftheHolyGhostwasthechoicethey themselveshadmade,thenewPope beingnoneotherthantheirbeloved CardinalEugenePacelli.

The"TeDeum"wasintoned.From tenthousandlipsthesonorouscanticleroseandfell;fromcolonnadeto colonnaderesoundedthatmighty chorus;while,acrosstheradio,those wavesofmelodyrolledtotheendsof theearth.Itwasamagnificent"Te Deum"thatwelledupfromhearts overflowingwithgratitudetoGodfor thegiftofanotherPontiff,aye,and foraPontiffsoculturedandsosaintly.

Theshadesofeveningwerealready fallingonpalaceanddomeandsquare whenthelonged-formomentcame.A tall,majesticfigurerobedinwhitesoutaneandscarletmantlesteppedonto thebalcony.ItwasthenewPope. Fiord/thefourcornersoftheSquare hewasgreetedbyacrescendoofcheering:"VivailPapa!Longlivethe Pope!"Atlengththeovationwas hushedtosilence.Inclear,ringing tonestheHolyFatherchanted:"Benedicatvos. ."Themultitudefell toitsknees.Andoverthatthrong ofbowedheadsPiusXIIraisedhis handsinhisfirstblessing"totheCity andtheWorld."Nightcamedown andthestarsshonebrightlyontheenrapturedCityofRome.

Butthesetransportsofjoywerenot confinedwithinthewallsoftheEternalCity.No!Theythrilledthe heartsoftheFaithfulfromtheArctic CircletotheAntipodes.Andinno hearts,Ifeelsure,wasthatjoymore vibrantandmoresincerethaninthe heartsofyou,theloyalCatholicsof Perth. Norisitdifficulttounderstandthe reasonwhythosewords,"Habemus 'Papam-WehaveaPope,"brought suchjoytotheCatholicworld.Only wewhowereinRomeatthetime couldfullyappreciatethesenseofdesolationcausedbythedeathofPiusXI. Anairoflonelinesspervadedthevast hallsandlongcorridorsoftheVatican Palace.TheChairofPeterwasempty; theUniversalChurchwaswithoutits visibleHead;theflockofChristhad lostitschiefShepherd;thefamilyof theFaithfulwasbereftofaloving Father.Butsuddenlythemagic words,"WehaveaPope,"puttoflight thosefeelingsofdesolation.

For,inthefirstplace,thewordsproclaimedthatGodhadgivenaFather toHisorphanedchildren.Yes,once moretheyhadaFathertonourish

themontheWordofTruth,aFather toshieldthemfromerror,aFatherto consoletheminthesorrowsofthis valeoftears,aFathertoencourage themto"fightthegoodfightofFaith," andaFatherwhowasaninfallible guidealongthepaththeymustclimb inlife'sjourneytotheMountain-city ofGod.

Thosewords,"WehaveaPope,"proclaimed,also,thatJesusChristhad onceagainsentHisPersonalAmbassador,HisVicar,amongmen.Inthe personofHisVicar,Jesus(-mastonce morewieldedvisibleswayoverHisfarflungKingdom,theChurch.Inthe personofHisVicar,JesusChrist,asit were,oncemorewalkedamongmen. ThatiswhythePopeissosacredand sodeartoeveryCatholic.Theysee inhimChristJesusHimself.Ihave seentearscoursingdownthecheeksof pilgrimsonbeholdingthePope.Why? BecauseseeingandmeetingChrist's Vicarwasforthemaforetasteofthe joythatwouldbetheirsonmeeting ChristHimselfbeyondthethresholdof thislife.Nay,more,thejoyandenthusiasmwithwhichthefaithfulhail Christ'sVicarwhen,midscenesof splendour,heentersSt.Peter'sBasilica,carriedaloftonthesediagesta.toria,isatype,avividimageofthe joyandenthusiasmwithwhichthe electwithgreetChristHimselfonthe LastDay,asHecomesontheclouds ofheaveningreatpowerandmajesty.

Furthermore,thewords,"Wehave aPope,"proclaimedthattheChairof Peterwasoncemoreoccupied,and thatthe261st.successorofthegreat ApostlenowsatonthePapalThrone. Thatunbrokenlineof262Pontiffsis oneofthegreatestgloriesoftheCatholicChurch,nay,itisahallmarkofauthenticity,forisitnotamanifestsign thatourChurchhasforfoundationstoneSt.Peterhimself,theRockon whichChristbuiltHisOne,True Church?Nowonder,then,thatwe CatholicsareproudofthePapacy,and prouderstillwhenweseeyetanother PopeoccupyingtheChairofPeter.

Lastly,thewords,'Wehavea Pope,"broughtsuchjoytotheCatholic world,becausethatPopewastheMost EminentandtheMostReverendCardinalEugenePacelli.Inviewofhis vastlearning,hiswideexperiencein diplomaticaffairs,andhissaintlycharacter,hewaseminentlyqualifiedfor theexaltedofficeofSovereignPontiff. Hence,notonlywashethechoiceof theCardinals,buthewasalsothe choiceofthepeople.Fromhiskindlymanner,hisasceticcountenance,and thefirethatburnedinhislarge,dark eyes,thefaithfulknewthatherewas anAngelicPastortowhomtheycould entrusttheirsouls,herewasaManof Godwhomtheycouldinalltruthcall "HolyFather."Itwaswithrapturousdelight,then.thattheyheardof hiselectiontotheSupremePontificate. Theyfeltsurethathewouldbring glorytothatlonglineofPopesalreadyillustriousforits82Saints,and forsuchmenofrenownasaGregory theGreatandaHildebra-d.They feltsure,also,thatthoserecentgreat Pontiffs,thebrilliantLeoXEUthe saintlyPiusX,thefatherlyBenedict XV,andtheintrepidPiusXIwould findaworthysuccessorintheangelic PiusXII. Thesearethereasonswhythewords, "HabemusPapam-WehaveaPope," broughtsuchjoytotheCatholicworld, and,notleastofall,toyou.They werespokentwoandahalfyearsago, buttheyhavelostnoneoftheirfreshnessandnoneoftheirmeaning,for, thanksbetoGod,thePopetowhom theyreferisstillhappilyreigning.On this,then,thefeast-dayofPiusXII, thosewordsshouldbringaresurgence ofthejoytheyevokedonthedayof hiselection.

Letusthenrejoicethat,inthese daysofdiredistress,wehaveaPope whosefatherlyheartbleedsforthe sorrowsofthehumanfamily;letus rejoicethat,inthesedaysofGod'sbanishmentfromSociety,westillhavein ourmidstaPopewhoistheVi.arof JesusChrist;letusrejoicethat, thesedaysofrankmaterialismand falsereligion,wehaveaPope,whois aninfallibleteacherandwhoholds inhishandsthekeysoftheKingdom ofHeaven.Infine,letusrejoicethat, inthesedaysofworldtempest,we haveatthehelmaPopehighlyquali. fiedtosteerPeter'sBarquetothe havenofPeace. Inconclusion,bywayofafeast-day gifttotheHolyFather,letmeinvite youtoofferhimsometokenofyour filiallove.Firstofall,offerhimthe pledgeofyourloyalty.Youareloyal tothePopewhenyouareloyaltohis representativesamongyou,namely, yourveneratedArchbishopandhises-

107YearsOld But ActiveandIndependent LocalManClaimsGreatAge

Anagedman,claimingtobe107yearsofage,livesaloneinatiny woodenhutatOsbornePark.Hisyears,thoughmany,arenogreat burdentohim.True,hecannotwalkwiththeathleticfreedomof hisearlieryears-heneedsthehelpofcrutchesnow-buthecanstill getabout;hecancreepupthehilltoMassonSundays;hecan cookhismealsandhecandotheworkoftendinghis150headof poultry,hisseveraldogsandcats.

HEmayseempoor-heispoorandyetheisricherthanmany apropertylesswage-earnerin fullpossessionofyouthandstrength, becauseheisspirituallyrich; is freeandindependent.Heisindependentbecausethelandonwhichhelives ishisown,thecottageishisown,and thepoultryishisown.Hehassufficientforhisneedsandevenalittle overtogiveincharity.Forhissundryexpenseshehasthepensionthe doesnotseektomakeaprofitoutof hispoultry-hisrewardisthesatisfactionofhavingsomeresponsibilityand thepleasureofhisfriendstowhomhe presentstheeggs).

Onlyonethingweighsonhismind, hesays-hecannotsleepatnightfor thinkingoftheamountofwickedness thereisintheworld-andfromwhat hehasseenoftheworldheoughtto know. Theoldman'snameisMichaelCosgrove.Heisproudofhisyears,and ofthefullpossessionofallhisfaculties, proud,too,ofthefactthathewas bornonSt.Patrick'sDay,andnoless proudthathecomesfromCounty Meath-whichheadmitsisthebest countyinIreland

MichaelCosgroveclaimstoremembereveryincidentofhislife.Somany memorieshashetorecountthatit wouldtakeweeksoftalkingforhimto giveafullaccountofhislife,andmuch labourtorecordtheeventsinsome semblanceofchronologicalorder. Hisfirstmemoriesareofhelpingto gatherpotatoeswhenhewasfouryears oldononeofhisfather'stwofarms Hesaysthatheremembersthep.,tato famineof1846,whenIrishmendieiin theirtensofthousandsthroughthe failureofthecrop.

Whenhewasayouth-about88 yearsago,hethinksitwas-hecame teemedclergy.Beloyaltothem, liveuptowhattheyteachyou,andso, youwillbeloyaltoyourFaith,loyal toyourPope,andloyaltoChristyour King.Iwouldinviteyou,also,to offertheHolyFatherthetokenofyour pray-erS.Thechildrenhavegiventhe leadbytheirSpiritualBouquet.FollowtheirexamplebyprayingearnestlyforthePope.Prayforhimespeciallyinthesesaddays,whentheheart oftheCommonFatheristornwith griefatseeinghischildrenarrayedin mortalanddeadlycombat.Prayfor himeachdayinthebeautiful, -of theChurch:"MaytheLordpreserve him,andgivehimlife,andmakehim blesseduponearth,anddeliverhim notuptothewillofhisenemies."And, to-night,inunionwiththefaithfulat thisverymomentgatheredaroundthe HolyFatherintheBasilicaofSt. Peter's,inunionwithCatholicsin everypartoftheworld,letus,too,exclaim:"VivailPapa!Longlivethe Pope!"

outtoAustralia.Sydneythenwas littlemorethanavillage.

Nowabakerbytrade,hewentto Sydneyatatimewhenatradesman's lifewasallwork,littlepay,andpreciouslittletimeleftevenforthenecessarysleep.

MichaelCosgrovesaysthathefought forLabourprincipleslongbeforea LabourPartywasheardofinAustralia,andsucceededingettingmuchbetterconditionsandbetterwagesforall theemployeesofthebakery.

Afteratimehesetuphisownbakeryandhasbeenindependentever since.Atonetimehehadabusiness inKalgoorlieandlateratHighgate Hill.

Thirtyyearsagoheretiredtohis littlepropertyatOsbornePark.and hasbeenthereeversince.Hetells howonvariousoccasionshesavedthe livesofninemen,offightsagainstthe OrangemeninIreland(andalwaysit isthegiantsfromMeath-perhaps grownalittleinstaturewiththepassingof100yearsorso-whoputthe monstroushereticstoflight)herecalls fightsagainstblackbigotryintheearly daysofAustralia,andofstruggleswith menwhoseobjectwastomakeofAustraliaanentirelyProtestantcountry. Ifhewereaskedtonamethecharacter inhistorywhowasmostunpopular withhim,hewouldprobablyanswer 'HenryParkes"-perhapsAustralia's greateststatesman,certainlyhergreatestbigot.

WithsatisfactionMichaelCosgrove recallsthatalthoughhesoldoutofhis variousbusinessalwaysatagoodprofit,"notonethreepennypieceofitdid the'pubs'see."Anysurplusmoney MichaelCosgrovehadwenttothepoor. forheneitherdranknorsmokedinall hislonglif.e

Andsohelivesonstillinhiswooden hut,hiswifelonggone,histwochg. drensomewhereintheworld,hedoes notknowwhere-probablytheythink heislongsincedead.ButMichael Cosgroveisnotdead.Farfromitit wouldseem.

Inspiteofhisyearshecanstilllook confidentlyintothefuture,tothe timewhentheblockwhichheowns "willbeworthalotofmoney"-being acornerblockinadistrictgradually becomingcloselysettled-buthecan laughathimselfandhisconfidencein thefuture."Theysay'oldMickCosgrovethinksheisgoingtoliveforever',"heremarks."'Well,'Itell them,'youneverknow,'"andhe chucklesquietlyatthisideathatGod haslefthimsolongthatHehasforgottenhimaltogether.

CATHOLICPATRIOTICBALL

Arrangementsarebeingmadeforthe cateringtobedonevoluntarily.To finalisethese,ameetingisbeingcalled at8p.m.onSunday,July6,atSt. Teresa'sHall,Nedlands,andallwho wishtohelpareinvitedtoattend.

YEATES&YEATES W.A.O.A. OPTOMETRISTS 37BARRACKSTREET, PERTH (OppositeTownHall.)

NORTHAM.

E.0.TRESISE, M.P.S.,S.A.andW.A. MANUFACTURINGAND DISPENSINGCHEMIST. ForServiceandQuality. Tel.:61Northam.

T.A.GRAHAM WESTENDBAKERY FORBETTERBREAD ServiceandSatisfaction. 154FITZGERALDSTREET, NORTHAM.

ALBANY.

H.C.PriorFuneralDirector ALBANY(Established1921). PrivateMortuary.MotorVehicles. ChargesModerate. 'Phone215. Albany,Mt.Barker,Denmarkand Districts, BUNBURY.

R.HANCOCK&SONS LIMITED MONUMENTALSCULPTORS. ImportersandManufacturersof Monuments,HeadStones,Church TabletsandGraveRailings. 13SPENCERST.,BUNBURY.

LANDandESTATEAGENT

G.H.TEEDE 'Phone31 Private267. SMITH'SBUILDINGS, WELLINGTONST.,BUNBURY. Businesses,Farms,Houses,Land ForSale.

TEACHERS'GROUP

LANGUAGE-MAN'SPREROGATIVE.

InhissecondlecturetotheCatholic Teachers'Guild,Rev.J.Doyle,S.J., developedapointmadepreviously: Thatitiseasytofallintotheerrorof consideringmanjustahigheranimal.

Isthereanythingtodistinguishman fromanimal?

Fromascientificviewpoint(having norecoursetoRevelationortosupernaturallife)thequestionis:Hasman anypowerthatanimalshavenot?is thereanyessentialdifferencebetween manandtheanimalsintheZoo?

Physically,wearebuiltlikethemournervous:systemisliketheirsand ourbodiesresemblethebodiesofat leastthehigheranimals.ifweallow thepossibilityofphysicaldevelopment fromasimpleorganismtoamorecomplexone,wecannotdenythepossibilitythatourbodies(nervoussystem andall)arethenaturaldevolopment ofsimplerformsoflifeasmuchas eachoneofusisthenaturaldevelopmentofanoriginalcell.Justasthe frogdisplaysahigheractivitythan thespawnfromwhichithasdeveloped, sowedisplayahigheractivitythan thefrog.

Ourquestionnowbecomes:Isthere agreaterdifferencebetweenusandthe frogandthespawn?

Fromthepointofviewofmorphologyweseethatbonestructureand nervoussystemaresimilar.Comparativepsychologyshowsusthatreaction tostimulusinanimalsappearstobe thesameasinourselves,orratherwe areapttoconcludethatsincethereactionseemstobethesamethewhole processisthesame.Theonlymentalstatewecanexamineisourown.

Itseemslikelythatthegreaterpart ofouractionsofthemselvesdemand nogreaterpowerofmanthanofanimals.

Butmanconsideredasananimal seemsinferior.Theyoungchildisso helplesscomparedwiththeyounganimals,andoursenseperceptionsareso inferior.

Instinctandsensationarecommon tousandtobrutes;thedifferencelies inthedegreeofdevelopment.

Sofarwehavelookedatsimilarities asdomostmodernpsychologists.Itis naturaltolookforcommonelements especiallyasanimalslendthemselves soadmirablytothelaboratorymethod.

Theonetypeofactivityinwhich wedifferfromtheanimals-onethatis characteristic,partofourevery-day life-istheuseoflanguage.Animals usenolanguageasameansofcommunicatingthought. Thoughtmaybecommunicatedby dance(whetheraprimitivedanceora ballet),bypainting(fromscratchings onwallsofcavestothe"MonaLisa"), bysculpture,bywritingorbyspeech. Animalsdonotdanceordraworpaint orsculpture.Theydonotusespeechor gesturetobespeakeachotherinpassing.Ifwebebuthigheranimals thoselowerinthescaleshouldsurely showsomesignsofthoughtcommunication.Theydonot.Theyhavethe samesenseorgansaswehave,but theydonotusethemaswedo. Instinctisenoughtoexplaintheir gesturesandsounds.Doesinstinct explaintheChoralSymphonyorthe NIonaLisaortheTheoryofRelativity?

No.Languageinallitsformsrequires thought.Whydonotanimalsuse language?Isitbecausetheylackthe physicalandnervousstructurenecessary?No.Theyresembleusinthis andareoftenmorefinelydeveloped thanweare.

Theonlyexplanationleftisthat theyhavenothoughttoconvey.It ispossiblethattheyshouldwantto withholdparticularthoughts,should theyhavethem,butitisincrediblein thatcasethattheyshouldremain withoutmeansofsocialcontact.Helen Keller,blind,deafanddumb,was abletoconquerthespeechdifficultywhynotanimals,Notoneindividualanimalbutalltheanimalsthat havebeenontheearthformillionsof years?Why,inthattime,havethey notmasteredatleastsomeelementary formoftheartofspeech?

Theansweristhattheyliveablind lifewithinthebrain.TheycannT. reasonaswedo;theycannotrelate thingsaswedo.

Thereforewecometotheconclusion: Manisnotjustananimal(intheordinlinarysenseoftheterm)formanhas thepowerofthoughtandtheanimals havenotthispower.Inproofofthis wepointtolanguage,acommonand universalprerogativeofman.

NextMeeting.

ThenextmeetingoftheTeachers' GroupwillbeheldattheCentralCatholicLibrary,36Pier-street,onWednesdaynext,July9,at8p.m.Any teacherdesirousofjoiningtheGroup needsonlytocomealongtothemeeting.

SOLDIERS'DEPENDANTS' APPEAL

H.A.C.B.S.

St.Joachim'sBranch.

Thepresident,Bro.H.Torrens,pre- sidedatthemeetingheldonJune23. Wedeeplyregrethavingtoreportthat Bro.LaurieKeoghhasbeenkilledin action.Weextendourverydeepest sympathytohisbereavedfamily. R.I.P.Bro.MajorB.S.Heagney,who wasreportedmissing,isnowthought tobeaprisonerofwar.WearepleasedtosaythatBro.M.Featherstone, whohasbeenseriouslyill,hasrecoveredsufficientlytoreturnhome.The nextmeetingisonthe7th.inst.

St.Mary'sBranch,Leederville.

Atthemeetingheldon25th.inst.. threenewmemberswereadmittedand heartilywelcomed.A"B"Gradeteam fromSt.Patrick'sbranchplayeda matchintheinter-branchcompetitions andweresuccessful.AfterthemeetingonWednesdaynext,the"A"Grade willplayateamrepresentingSt.Canice'sbranch,Cottesloe.Agoodattendanceisdesired.asitisexpected thatwewillbewelcomingseveralnew members.

HOLYNAME SOCIETY

QUARTERLYMEETING.

ThequarterlymeetingoftheHoly NameSocietywasheldintheCathedralHallontheeveningofWednesday,June25.ThePresident(~ofthe Society'IMr.E.LeB.Henderstip)occupiedthechair,and,inadditionto theexecutivemembersoftheDiocesan Union,representativesofthefollowing brancheswerepresent:BedfordPark, Belmont,Cathedral,Claremont,East Fremantle,Highgate,Leederville,Maylands,MidlandJunction,MosmanPark. OsbornePark,Queen'sPark,Shenton Park,Spearwood,Subiaco,South Perth,VictoriaPark,EastVictoria ParkandWestPerth.Manyapologiesforunavoidablenon-attendance werereceived.

Thecorrespondencereadincluded representationsmadebytheBeverley branchtoformulatemeansbywhich A.1.F.membersoftheSocietymight retainanactiveinterestintheSociety. Thismatterwasreferredfortheconsiderationoftheexecutive.

S.G.TAYLOR,QualityGrocer 1IIAMPDENROAD,BEACONSFIELD.

DELIVERIESEVERYWHERE. AGOODDEALSAVEDBYAGOODDEAL.

Youaremissingsomethingifyouhavenotyettried

Swan CRYSTAL Bitter

Thesparkling,brightnewbeer

TheHon.Secretary(Mr.F.D. Mather)statesthatalthoughtheSoldiers'Dependants'Appealwasinauguratedtoprovideassistancetothede. pendantsofallouroverseasfighting forcesandhadtodateassistednoless thon1,000families,heagreedwith Lieutenant-ColonelT.S.Louch,CommandingOfficerofthe2/11th.Battalion,thatgoodworkmightbedone amongstsoldiers'dependantsbyunit committees,whowouldbeabletokeep intouchwiththewivesandfamilies ofmeninthevariousunits.

Atthepresenttimeanumberof units'committeeshavebeenformed andtheyareworkinginclosecollaborationwiththisorganisation.

InadditiontotheTrottingmeeting thatwasheldatGloucesterParyon June21,theFremantleTrottingClub proposetodevotetheproceedsoftheir meetingonJuly12totheAppeal.It isalsonotedthattheproceedsfrom theracemeetinglistedforJuly26,and theHorsemen'sCarnivaltobeheldat GloucesterParkonthesamedate,will besimilarlyhandedovertotheSportsmen'sCouncilonaccountofthefund.

OnPuly25astreetcollectionand housetohousecanvasswillbemadein allsuburbsextendingfromFremantle toMidlandJunction.Membersofthe Sportsmen'sCouncilareorganisingcollectorsineachofthedistrictsand wouldbepleasedtohearfromanypublicbodyorbandofworkerswhowould bepreparedtohelponthatdate.Full particularsmaybeobtainedfromthe OrganisinfSecretaryoftheSportsmen's CouncilorfromtheSoldiers'Dependants'Appeal.

TOODYAY

MASSTIMETABLE.

July6:Toodyay,8a.m.;Jennacubbine,10a:m.

July13:Mundaring,8a.m.;Chidlow. 9.30a.m.

July20:Jennacubbine,8.30a.m.; Toodyay,10a.m.

July27:Baker'sHill,8.30a.m.; Toodyay,10a.m.

Thesecretary'sreportdisclosedthe possibilityofnewbranchesbeing formedatRottnest,York,Narrogin, andClontarf,anddealtwithvisits whichhadrecentlybeenmadeby membersoftheDiocesanUnionthe Cathedral,Claremont,andWaginbranches.TheSociety'sattendancesat branchmeetingsduringthequarter averaged76percent.atHolyCommunion,and54percent,ateveningdevotions.

ThereportoftheillnessoftheSociety'sSpiritualDirector,Rev.Father Kieran,wasreceivedwithregret,and expressionsforhisspeedyrecovery werevoicedbyall.

Thetreasurer'sreportevidenceda healthy,finandialposition,themain itemsofexpenditurebeingoccasioned bytheSociety'scorrespondentand visitstocountrybranches.

Areportwasmadeastothesuccess whichattendedtherecitaloftheDialogueMassatSouthPerth,thePresidenturgingbranchrepresentativesto endeavourtofollowtheleadthus given.

ThePresidenttooktheopportunity ofimpressingonmemberstheobligationrestingonallHolyNamemento marchwiththeirownbranchesonthe occasionoftheFeastofChristthe King.Somesplittingoftheranks hadbeencausedlastyearatAquinas Collegebymembersjoiningupinthe processionwithothersocieties,andhe hopedforamorefavourabledisplay thisYear.

Atthecloseofthemeeting,memberswereentertainedbyRev.Dr. Collinswho,bytheaidoflantern slides,gaveanadmirablelectureon thecatacombsandarchitectureof Rome.Thelecturer'sknowledgeof hissubjectandtheveryinteresting mannerinwhichitwasportrayed elicitedfromhishearersexpressionsof theirkeenappreciation.Responding toavoteofthanksaccordedhim,Dr. Collinsthankedallpresentfortheinteresttheyhaddisplayed,andforthe verypatienthearingtheyhadgiven him.Themeetingclosedwiththe recitaloftheSociety'sprayers.

FRANCISISBORNIN THESTABLEATASSISI

THEcityofAssisi,whichwedescribedtoyoulastweek,climbs terracebyterracetoitssummit.Inoneofitsnarrowlanesyou canto-dayseethestableofwhichwe areabouttotellyou,whereFrancis wasborn.Itisbutafewstepsfrom thechurchbuiltbyPhilipIIIofSpain, overthesiteofthepaternalhomeof Francis.ThelittledoorwherePica wascarriedonherwaytothestableis allthatisleftoftheoldhome.

NowwecontinuethestorybyFather LeopolddeCherance: St.Franciswasborninthatcityin theyear1182,underthePontificateof LuciusIII,andduringthereignof FrederickBarbarossa,Emperorof Germany.Hisfather,PeterBernard ofMoriconi,betterknownbythename ofPeterBernardone,wasarichmerchant,anativeOfLucca,andrecently establishedatAssisi,wherehecarried

onanextensivebusinesswithFrance. Hismother,Pica,ofthenoblefamily oftheBourlemontsofProvence,meritedbyherpietytobecomethemother ofasot,Picahadonlytwochildren, FranandAngelo.Thelattermarried,andthefamilyoftheMoriconiof Assisistillexistedinthatcityinthe firsthalfofthesixteenthcentury.

Heaven,whichhadotherdesigns uponFrancis,waspleasedtoenviron thecradleofthispredestinedchild withextraordinaryandheavenlypresages.Picawasapreytohorriblesufferingsunabletogivebirthtoher child,whenamysteriouspilgrim,inexchangeforanalmshehadreceived, toldtheservants,"themotherwill onlybedeliveredinastableandthe childseethelightuponstraw."

Howeverstrangethiscounselmust haveappeared,theywerenotslowto followit.Shewascarriedtoanadjoiningstable,andtherehappilygave birthtoherfirstbornson.Thus Francis,liketheDivineSaviour,asfar asacreaturecanresembledtheCreator,thecopy,itsmodel,wasborn amonganimals.

ThestableisstillseenatAssisi.It hasbeenconvertedintoachapel, knownbythenameofSanFrancesco itpiccolo(S.FrancistheLittle.)

Overthestabledooryoucanread aLatininscription,thetranslationof whichis:"Thisoratorywasthestable oftheoxandtheass,whereinwasborn Francisthemirroroftheworld."Remnantsofthe13th.centuryfrescoes adorntheinterior.)

ItwassaidthatAssisihadbecome anotherBethlehem.Duringthenight heavenlyspiritschantedsongsofpeace andgladnessoverthepoorsanctuary ofOurLadyofAngels.

Thischildofbenedictionhadhadhis prophetintheBlessedJoachim,AbbotEiora,inCalabria,who,tenyears bef hadwritteninhisCommentary uponsaias:

"UmbriaandSpainwillgivebirthto twonewordersdestinedtocarrythe torchoftheGospelintoeveryplace." Hehadhisprecursorinoneofhiscompatriots,amanofthepeople,whofor

sometimetraversedthestreetsofAssisi,cryingoutwithaninspiredair, "Paxetbonum"(Peaceandgood).

PicawantedthemtocallhimJohn atbaptism,outofdevotiontothebelovedapostle.Accordingtoanold tradition,astrangerofausteremien andvenerableairofferedtoholdthe newly-bornatthesacredfont,kept himinhisarmsduringthewholeceremony,gazinguponhimwithheavenly complacency,andthendisappeared, leavingtheimpressofhiskneesupon themarblestepsofthealtar.

Themiraculousmarbleandthebap- tismalfontarestillshowninthecathedralchurch,withthesecommemorativewordswrittenthereon:"Thisis thefontwheretheSeraphicFather,St. Francis,wasbaptised."

Afterbaptism,anotherunknownenvoyofGodpresentshimselfathis father'shouseaskingasafavourtosee thelittleJohn.Delightedatobtainingit,hetakeshiminhisarmshim anotherSimeon,andgreetinginthis regeneratedchildoneofGod'select,a youngerbrother,afuturecompanion ofhisglorycovershimwithsweet kissesandcaresses,tracesuponhis rightshoulderthesignofthecrossas iftoarmhimfromhisbirthasa knightofChrist,andthengiveshim backtothenursesaying:'Carefullywatchoverthischild;forhewillbecomegreatbeforetheLord.Theprincesofdarknesshaveapresentimentf hisloftydestiny,andwillleavenothing undonetohavehislife.Takecarehe doesnotperishthevictimoftheir snares."

Havingspokenthesewords,the strangerdisappeared.Invainthey searchedthewholecity-hecouldnot befound.

Theangel'srecommendationswere onlytoowellfounded.Ashorttime after,ademoniactheywereexorcisingwasobligedtoconfessit.The demonspubliclyquestioned,repliedby hismouththattheyhadactuallyattemptedthischild'slifemorethan once.But,addstheoldchroniclers, thesameProvidencethatsheltered thecradleofMosesfromthefuryof thewaves,rescuedFrancisfromthe rageandconspiraciesofhell;andit wasourSainthimselfwholaterdeliveredthisunhappydemoniacfrom theevilspiritsthatheldpossessionof him.

Wethoughtitrighttorelatewith fidelityandintheirtoneofcharming simplicitythesemarvellousforshadowings.Theyarepenetratedand illuminatedbytheactionofgrace,and investedwithapowerfulattractionto whichtheunbelieverhimselfcannot longremaininsensible;andevery manofgoodfaithwillthereinrecognisewithustheworthyfirst-fruitsofa lifewhichwastooccupysolargea spaceinthehistoryofthethirteenth century.

PeterBernardonewasthenona businesstourinFrance.Hewas greatlyrejoicedtolearn,onhisreturn, thatasonwasborntohim,andthe LegendoftheThreeCompanionstells usthatfromthatmoment,andinmemoryofthefairknightsofFrance,he gavelittleJohnthesurnameofFrancis,whichhistoryhasconsecrated. Otherauthorsassertthatitwaslater, onaccountofthefacilitywithwhich thechildlearnedandthegracewith whichhespokeFrench.

Whatevermaybethevalueofthese opinions,"theobscuredraperwasfar fromthinkingthatthenameofhis owninventionwouldbeinvokedby theChurchandbornebykings." (Ozanam.)AstoFrancis,aswewill henceforthcallhim,hehadalwaysa filialaffectionforFrance,andthat countrymaywellgloryinhimasan adoptedson.

(Nextweek:"EarlyYears,andPortrait,byThomasofCelano,")

itAe.W?e,o-e"4-4:

SubiacoYoung Men'sClub

ClubChampionships. Afterseveralweeksofcontinuous play,thevariousclubchampionships inindoorsportswerefinalised,last Mondayevening.Inthe"A"division ofthetabletennis,TedFlanaganwas successfulagainstGeorgePowell; whilstinthe"B"gradeKevinHodge defeatedVincentMedley.Thepeg quoitswasmostinteresting;andresultedinasuccessforMauriceMedley. TedFlanaganbroughtoffadoubleby securingthedeckquoitschampionship.

Inter-ClubFootball.

NextSunday,July6,willusherin aninter-clubfootballcompetitionbetweenthevariousCatholicyoungmen's societies.Theteamscompetingare theS.C.Y.M.C.,theHighgateL.C.Y., Aquinas,andCathedralL.C.Y.Matcheswillbeplayedeachfortnight,and tworoundsoffixtureswillbeprovided. OnSundaytheSubiacoC.Y.M.C.will meetthe'HighgateL.C.Y.atForrest Parkat2.30pm.,andagoodencounterislookedforwardto.Allclub supportersareurgedtocomealong andurgetheteamontovictory.

FortnightlyDances.

ThefortnightlydancesheldonSaturdayeveningsinconjunctionwithSt. Kevin'sT.C.andtheChildrenofMary, arestill-"rovingmostsuccessful.To datetheattendanceshavebeenvery good,andthecommitteeishoping thatitwillcontinuesotilltheendof theseason.ThisSaturday,July5, willusherinanotherofthesebright functions,andagaina"fullhouse"is anticipated.

PEMBERTON

June1,PentecostSunday,sawtheinaugurationoftheSacredHeartSodalityatPemberton.Therewasavery largeattendanceatHolyCommunion inthemorning.Intheeveningtwelve newmemberswereconsecratedas membersoftheSodality.AfterBenediction,Rev.FatherDuffypresided overthefirstmonthlymeeting,appointingMrs.Bernieaspresident,Mrs. Seimonivice-president,'Mrs.B.Adam treasurer,Mrs.Winchprefectandgeneralsecretary.Wehopesoonto haveourbannerserected.

OntheStaffisMr.J.KING, F.LO.O.,lateManagerofJ.Neilson's

CATHOLIC WOMEN'SLEAGUE

Meetings.

Themonthlymeetingwillbeheld. onMonday,July7,at2.30p.m.Gen- tralmeetingatLeagueRooms,Nestle House,Wednesday,July9,at8p.m. Soldiers'Buffet.

Memberswillbeinattendanceat theBarrack-streetBuffetonMonday, July14.

SewingCircle.

TheSewingCircleholdweeklymeetingsoneveryTuesdayfrom2p.m. Donationsinmoneyormaterialare askedfor.

CathedralBranch.

Therewasagoodattendanceof membersatthemeetingheldonJune 2. TheWelfarebranchisfunctioning wellandshouldreceivevaluablehelp fromthesewingcircle.ThenextmeetingwillbeheldonJuly7,whenthe socialhourwillbedevotedtogames- oldandmodern.

CHANCESOFOURBOY.

BackersofhorsesintheGrandNationalSteeplechaseatFlemingtonon July12,arelookingtoOurBoytowin. OurBoyisbeingbackedbothforthe HurdlesandtheSteeple.TheLotteriesCommissionisrunningaspecial sweepontheSteeple.Thefirstprize is£100.

PIANOTUNING

G.E.Dines,16DuncanStreet,Victoria Park.

HomeofGoodShepherd Laundry,Leederville

UnderDirectionoftheSistersof theGoodShepherd. DRYCLEANINGANDART NEEDLEWORKASPECIALTY, VESTMENTS,HANDLACE,

'Phone:B1185.

INMEMORIAM.

CULHANE.-Inlovingmemoryofdxr dearfatherandhusband,JohnJosephCulhane,whodiedJuly8,1938. Mayhissoulrestinpeace. -Insertedbyhislovingwifeand sons.

O'HENEY.-Inlovingmemoryofmy dearwife,whopassedawayJuly2, 1940. Mayhersoulandthesoulsofthe faithfuldepartedrestinpeace.Amen.

TALBOT.-Ofyourcharity,prayfor thereposeofthesoulofElizabeth Talbot,whopassedawayonJuly6, 1939. SacredHeartofJesus,havemercy onhersoul.

-Insertedbyherlovingdaughter andfamily.

WALL.-Sacredtothememoryofmy dearhusbandandourlovedfather, ThomasA.L.Wall,whopassedaway onJuly3,1940. RequiscatinPace.

-Insertedbyhislovingwifeand family.

COLLIE

SundayMasses. St.Brigid's,Collie:7.30a.m.and10 a.m.

LOUNGESUITES.

Whenyoubuya ZimpelLoungeSuite youbuyaquality productdesignedto lastforyears.A widerangeisavailablefrom£19117/6, on£2depositand5/weekly.

CAPTAINRALPHHONNER ledthemenwhoadvancedwithout coveragainsttheheavilydefended aerodromeatDernaandcaptureditin theLibyancampaign.

CaptainHonner,togetherwithhis brother,Forrest,wasreportedmissing afterthecampaigninCrete,andthey are

CATHOLICTENNIS ASSOCIATION

By-RON.-

ShieldCompetition.

AcommencementwasmadeonSundaylastwiththefourthroundof matchesinthemen'sdivisionofthe shieldcompetition.Owingtothe wetweatherthewomen'sfixtures (scheduledforSaturday)couldnotbe played.Thesewillnowtakeplaceon Saturday,July12. Followingwere theresultsofthematchesplayedover theweek-end: Men'sDivision.

"A"Grade: St.Brigid's,8sets76games,beatSt. Joachim's,8sets74games. St.Mary'sNo.1,16sets96games, heatColumba,51games.

"B"Grade: St.Joachim's,12sets85games,beat HighgateNo.2,3sets57games. St.Kevin'sbeatSt.Brigid's(forfeit).

"C"Grade:

St.Anthony's,14sets92games,beat St.Mary's,2sets46games. Nedlands.11sets75games,beatStar oftheSeaNo.1,3sets64games. Columba,11sets83games,beatSt. Kevin's,5sets59games.

St.Joachim'sbeatStaroftheSea No.2(forfeit).

"D"Grade: St.Kevin's,15sets94games,beat Theresian's,1set44games.

St.Thomas's.12sets91games,beat Highgate,4sets59games.

NedlandsbeatSt.Joachim's(forfeit).

Tit-BitsofInterest.

Theshieldcommitteeareinvestigatingplansretheformationofaprimaryschoolcompetition.Arrangementsarewellinhand,anddetailswill beavailableshortly.

Congratulationshavebeenshowered onBillWaltho,popularmemberofSt. Joachim'sClub,andaprominentmemberoftheassociation,whorecently announcedhisengagementtoMiss MonaBailey,ofVictoria.

Thesocialcommitteearereminded thattheymeetatBactonHouseon Friday,July4,at8p.m.

Thevariousfightingserviceswere wellrepresentedattheAssociation's CarnivalDanceheldrecently. AllmembersareremindedofSt. Kevin'sannualclubdinneranddance inSt.Joseph'sHallonWednesday, July16.Agoodtimeisassured.

Mr.jackEdwards(formerlythe socialchairman)becameaproud fatherduringtheweek.

St.Kevin'sTennisClub.

Wednesday,July16,isthedateof theaboveclub'sannualdinnerand dance.Thepresentationoftrophies wonintherecentclubchampionships willtakeplaceatthisfunction,which istimedtocommenceat7.15p.m. Afterthedinner,adancewilltake place,forwhichahigh-classorchestra hasbeenengaged.Thesubscription tothedinneranddanceis3s.(dance only1/6).Reservethisnight,and makeSt.Joseph'sHallyourvenue. Association'sCarnivalDance. TheStirlingSocialRoomswere chosenonWednesdayeveninglastby theWestAustralianCatholicLawn TennisAssociationforagrandcarnival dance.Organisedbytheassociation's socialcommittee,headedbythepresident(Mr.R.A.Morris)andthesecretary(Mr.L.McGovern),thefunction provedmostsuccessful,beingwellattendedbymembersandfriendsofthe variousmetropolitanclubs.

PaderewskiDead

DownQuiltatZimpel'sforonly 35/-.Theyareavailableina varietyofcolours.

LINOLEUMS. Anicerangeof ScotchprintedLinos, 6ft.wide,isavailable at10/6peryard. ScotchinlaidLinos, 12/6yard.Brunofelt,areliablesubstitute,6ft.wide,at 4/11yard.

BEDDING.

Yousleepbetter onan"Empress" Mattress Zimpel's ownmake;made withpureteased kapokandbesttickings.2ft.6in.,55/-; 3ft.,62/6;4ft.6in., 87/6.

Amongthosepresentwere:Mr.and Mrs.A.E.Heagney,Mr.andMrs.J.W. Wall,Mr.andMrs.L.Conroy;Misses P.Edwards,L.Hough,K.Clarke,K. Toole,M.Brady,M.Heagney,D.Wilkinson,C.Slattery,M.Ryan,K.Dunn, K.Gartland,V.Lindsay,F.Fitzpatrick,N.Haris,J.Milne,A.Noel.J. Russell,R.Harris,P.Knox,B.Russell,M.O'Reilly,T.Russell,N.Cranswick,R.Atkinson,J.Orr,K.Easton,P. Backshall,M.Casey,M.Daly,M. Mooney,M.Pike,S.Daly,G.Shanley, R.Wood,P.Cole,R.Rinaldi,L. Shanley.K.McLernon,S.Monaghan, D.Davis,K.Mitchell,G.Hearne,A. Ballantine,D.Schuts,P.Pallister,K. Frawley,V.HalesandK.McDonagh; Messrs.P.Knox,A.Marsh,J.Carroll, J.Tully,R.Forst,P.Ryan,F. OMahony,P.McGinnity,K.Gartland, J.Berkery,R.Freeman,K.Milne,K. McNamara,G.Russell,R.Barlow,J. O'Reilly,R.Wilkinson,J.Fondont,J. Eastcott,E.Hearne,E.O'Mahony,T. McCormack,R.Stevens,D.McCarthy, D.Jennings,J.Kenneally,P.Reilly,K. Tracy,P.Kell,G.Peterkin,G.A.Gee, J.Harvey,J.Ryan,G.O'Mahony,P. Kirby,J.Peterkin,J.Lynch,T.Martin,R.Morris,J.Miller,C.Davis.L. McGovern,R.Hearne,G.McGuinness, J.Stokes,L.Trigwell,J.McIntosh,C. Ryan,P.Casey,G.Edwards,E.Horan, J.WaleandD.O'Leary.

M.Paderewski,firstPrimeMinister ofthemodernStateofPoland,andone ofthegreatestpianistsofmodern times,diedlastSundayintheUnited States,attheageof80.

DuringtheGreatWarheworked heartandsoulinhiscountry'sservice, raisingenormoussumsbymeansof concertsandorganisingaforceofPolishvolunteersintheUnitedStates. Heabandonedpoliticsin1921,but aftertherapeofPolandin1939he joinedthePolishGovernmentin France,returningtoAmericacagylast November.

"ThevisionofastrongandindependentPolandhasalwaysbeenthelodestarofmyexistence,"hesaidwith truth.

WESTPERTH

AnenjoyableeveningwasspentrecentlyatthehomeofMr.andMrs. Duggan,inCowle-street.Ahouse partywasheld,andabout70guests tookpartinthevariousamusements andcompetitions.Bridgeplayerswere alsoprovidedfor,andanexcellent supperbroughttoacloseoneofthe mostsuccessfuleveningsheldinthe parish.

SITUATIONVACANT.

SEAMSTRESS,abletocutoutand makeupboys'garments;alsogoodat repairwork.ToassistMatronin HomeNursing.ApplytoClontarf Orphanage,VictoriaPark.

BRIDGEANDRUMMYEVENING.

AmostenjoyableeveningforBridge andRummyplayerswillbeofferedat ST.BRIGID'SPARISHHALL,WEST PERTH,onTUESDAY,JULY22. ProceedsareinaidofSt.Brigid's ChurchFunds.

Organisers:Mrs.Tyleranddaughters.

RacingSelectieSns

BY"THEHAWK"

HELENAVALE.

Saturday,July5,1941. GreenmountBreeders:Tetraclive,1; GoldenProfit,2;Mylopia,3. KalamundaMaiden:Oredanus,1; Madrigal,2;LadyBenger,3. BellevuePurse(FirstDivision) Tropics,1;Cisternos,2;GoldenProfit, 3. BellevuePurse(SecondDivision) GoldenHit,1;Portical,2;Aon,S. HelenaValeHandicapMystery,1; Owlet,2;Eridon,3. BassendeanWelter:FlameGirl,1; Tetraclive,2;Amatol,3.

TrottingSelections

GLOUCESTERPARK.

Saturday,July5,1941. WA.Breeders'Handicap(First Division):Kirra,1;Noalimba,2; Myrtle'sSon,3. WA.Breeders'Handicap(Second Division):Wilfred'sWonder,1;ArabianLass,2;LenaMcFee,3. BridgetownHandicap:RoyalGus,1; Palmerston,2;DirectAntique,3. BunburyHandicap:PrinceMavista, 1;BlackBertha,2;Minting,3. BusseltonHandicap:MaoriWonder, 1;BaronAntique,2;JulianWilver,S. High-ClassHandicap:King'sGuide, 1;Globe'sLove,2;Moreica,3. HarveyHandicap:RoyalSheik,1; CavanChief,2;FlyingDaly,3. ManjimupHandicap:MyChum,1; BelleBetel,2;RedBay,3.

RussiaNeedsthePrayers ofAllChristians

LudmilaN.Rklitsky,authorofthis articlefrom"TheCatholicWorld" (NewYork),isamemberoftheRussianOrthodoxChurch.(Inspeakingof "theChurch"itistotheOrthodox Churchsherefers.)Sherecentlygave upherworkintheBalletRussetodevctehertimeandhertalentstothe serviceofhernativeRussia.Shewas bcrninPetrogradjustaftertheoutbreakoftheBolshevikRevolution. Afterwitnessingthemurderintheir sittingroomofherbrotherandhis family,hermotherescapedwithherto France,whereshemadeherhomeand whereLudmilawaseducated.The latterisnowlivinginNewYork.

THEnon-Russianspeakingworld haslongbeenfamiliarwiththe famousMarxistphrasesooften repeatedbyLenin,"Religionisthe opiumofthepeople,"butfewcomprehendhowfundamentalandhowessentialtoCommunismthisconceptis. EventhoseofuswhoareRussian, havenotalwaysfullyrealisedthatthe struggleagainstreligionwasnota passingphaseofCommunismbutof itsveryessence.Thereasonforthis commonfailuretorealisethatwithout AtheisrftherecanbenoCommunismis tobsjound,Ibelieve,inthegeneral ignoranceconcerningcurrentSoviet propagandaonthissubject.Ihave madeaparticularstudyofthispropagandaandamofferingherewithexact translationsfromimportantSovietarticles,inorderthatmyAmericanreadersmayjudgeforthemselveswhether ornotCommunismisarealthreatto thefundamentalAmericanidealofreligiousfreedom.

Leninhassaidinhisworks(Vol. xiv.,p.70),publishedbytheState PublishingDepartmentinMoscowin 1929:"Wemustfightagainstreligion. ThisistheA.B.C.ofallmaterialism andconsequentlyofMarxism."

AndfromthattimeontothepresentdaySoviet"ropagandaringsthe changesonthistheme.Forexample, thefollowingstatementismadein "Pravda"July20,1939):"Theantireligiouspropagandahasinourcountrythecharacterofastatepolicy:it isanintegralpartofthewholepolitico-educationalandpartyset-up."

Suchastatementisamplyborneout byArticle122and126ofthePenal Code:Thegivingofreligiouseducation tochildrenshallentailoneyearof forcedlabour.Theperformanceof anyreligiousriteinanyStateinstitutionortheinstallationofanykindof religiouspictureentailsthreetosix monthsofforcedlabour.

Thesesentenceshavebeenselected fromhundredsofsimilarones.They allgotoprovethatanti-religiousactivityinSovietRussiaisnota"casual excess,"a"misinterpretationofCommunism,"butitsfundamentaltask.

TosiVerstandwhyreligionisso odious,totheCommunists,wemust firststuds-theirdefinitionofreligion andtrytoseehowtheyexplainthe reasonsfortheoriginandspreadof religionamongmen.Tothephrase "Religionistheopiumofthepeople," Leninaddedthelegend"asortof cheapbook.""Itisfearthathas createdgods,"hesays."Helplessin thefaceoftheexploiters,theworking classperforcebeginstobelieveinanotherworld,justasthehelplesssavagebegantobelieveingods,devils, andmiracles."

Butscience,theCommunisticleadersclaim,hasprovedthatthereisno God.AndTchalov,anotorioushero ofSovietaviation,hascontributedhis bittothispropagandabyasserting that"allthesestoriesaboutGodsittingintheskyarefunnytome;I knowhowitisupthere,andIhave notseenanygods."

Ontheonehandreligionisjeered andmockedat:ontheotheritisheld uptothepeopleasaterriblemonster thatseeksonlytodespoilthem. Leninexplains(Vol.xiv.,p.68)that "Religionurgesthepoortohumble themselvessothattherichcanlive peacefullyandexploitthem. All thereligionsareorgansofbourgeois reaction,servingtodefendtheexploitersandstupefytheworking classes."

Havingnotedinthesequotationsthe reasonsfortheCommunists'struggle againstreligion,itbecomesinteresting tostudythemethodstheyuse.

Tobeginwith,duringthecivilwar inRussia,religionwasconsidered merelyasanaspectofcounter-revolution;accordinglyitwasbrutallysup-

pressedandpersecutedbythehideous Cheka,betterknownastheG.P.U.,the Sovietofficialspecialpolice.Itwould beimpossibletogivehereanadequatedescriptionofthoseterrible years

Yetonlywithaknowledgeofsuch excessescanweunderstandStalin's boast:"Havewecrushedthereactionarypriesthood?Yes,wehave."

Butpersecutionofexistinginstitutionswasnotenough;theSovietGovernmentcametorealisethatpersecutionfrequentlymakesresistance stronger.Thereforeitsaimwasto raiseupagenerationwhichwouldbe absolutelyfreeofanysuchtainted ideas.

Thefirstattemptwasto"corrupt theChurch,"followedbyarevelation tothepeopleofscandalswhichwould naturallyrepelthem.Theleaders foundedanewinstitution,amereparodyofanesslesiasticalorganisation, called"TheLivingChurch."They engagedboguspriestsandbishopswho ledlooselives,drinking,andhobnobbingwithwomenandwiththeAtheists.Thisattemptwasunsuccessful; forveryshamethepeopleofRussiaalmostcompletelyboycotted"TheLivingChurch."

Theanti-religiouscompaignwasnot confinedtotheRussianOrthodox Church.Themagazine"Bezbojnik" (No.4,1927),pointsoutthat"Christianity,IslamismandJudaismare equallyhateful."Itwastoeliminate allreligionthatasystemofdeliberate atheisticeducationwasstarted.

Methods-ofPropaganda.

Thefirsttoolofattackwastheliteraryone.In"FifteenYearsofMilitant Atheism,"publishedin1932bythe StatePublishingDepartmentinMoscow,Yakovleifgivesanideaofthe enormousquantityofanti-religious literatureprintedintheSovietUnion.

Iquotefromthisbriefly:

"From1922to1932,1,700different anti-religiousbooksandseparatepamphlets,notincludingleaflets,werepublishedinMoscowandinothercities. Inaddition,2,300anti-religiousarticles werepublishedinmagazines.The circulationofthesebooksandpamphletshasbeennotlessthan40millioncopies.Oftheperiodicalcirculationfrom1927to1930thereweresold 36,664,432copiesoftheweeklynewspaper"Bezbojnik,,"742,588copiesof themonthlymagazine"Anti-Religious," andmanyothermagazines.Each publicationwasintendedforadefinite levelofreaders-the"Anti-Religious," fortheleadingmembersoftheparty, the"Bezbojnik,"fortheworkers,the "VillageBezbojnik,"forthepeasants. Since1931,accordingtoYakovleff,a specialmagazine,"TheYoungBezbojnik,"hasbeenpublishedforchildren.

Anotherformofanti-religiousactivitywastheanti-religiousmuseum, whosegrowthisdescribedindetailby ComradeKoganinthesamebook, "FifteenYearsofNfilitantAtheism."

Mostofthesemuseumswereestablishedinformercathedralsandmonasteries.MoscowhastheCentralAntiReligiousMuseum,andmanyothersoneofthemishousedintheDon Monastery.InLeningrad,saysKogan,oneofthemostpopularisthe MuseumoftheHistoryofReligion, housedintheKazanCathedral;and thereisstillanotherinSt.IsaacCathedral.Manymuseumshavespecial anti-religioussections.Therehavebeen anti-religiousfairs;oneofthemost successfulwasorganisedin1931inthe Donbassdistrict;itwasakindof travellingfair,theAll-UkrainianMuseumVillage. Inthefirstdaystheanti-religious propagandawasfurtheredbyonlya ,fewCommunistleadersandKomsomoltzis,membersoftheUnionof CommunistYouth;butitsoongrew intoarealmassmovementandwas organisedonaverylargescale,asis statedbyComradeKalinininthesame report.In1925wasfoundedthe UnionofMilitantAtheists.Ithad 87,033membersin-1926and5,500,000 membersin1932;andtheFiveYear Planpromised10millionmembersfor 1934and22millionsfor1937.In1930 evenchildrenunderfourteenyearswere organisedintotheUnionofYoung Atheists.TheUnionofMilitantAtheistswasveryactive:ithadspecialagitatorgroups,travellingalloverRussia,lecturinginthevillagesandthe towns,organisinglocalactivities. Asanti-religiouspropagandawasa statepolicy,everyelementofthe country'slifewasrequiredtocontri-

FORPLEASANTSHOPPINGANDFRIENDLYSERVICE, TRADEWITH

W.J.STAMMERS,CanningHighway FORSMALLGOODS,PRODUCE,HARDWARE,PAINTS,WINES, ALESANDSPIRITS,ANDTHEFRESHESTGROCERIES. MELRAYSTORENO.8.

288aCAMBRIDGESTREET,WEMBLEY.

DELIVERSTHEPRIMESTOFMEATTHROUGHOUTWEMBLEY, JOLIMONT,andFLOREATPARK.

FORD'SSAUSAGESAREDELICIOUS,TASTY,

butetoit.Thetheatre,naturally, hadanimportantparttoplay. TheCommunists'aimwasnotonly tosowthepoisonedseedofdoubtin theheartsofthepeoplebutatthe sametimetolinkreligionwithanythingthatcaninspireenvy,bitterness, orcontempt.Religionisharmful, theysay;religiousfestivalsbutmere "drunkenbrawls,"Howdothepriests live?Theyneverwork;theytake themoneyofthepoor,cheated,workingpeople.

Inanypopularanti-religiousmagazineyouwillfindhundredsofcaricatures.Theserepresentpriestsasfat peddlerssellingholywater,holy bread,etc.;red-facedpriestslollingbeforearichlyappointedtable,throwingapieceofstalebreadtoaragged, starvingpeasant.Appendedisalist ofallthewinesandcostlydishesorderedforthePope'stableduringLent.

The"Bezbojnik"(No.20,1922)advises thepeople"tobuyatractor,insteadof spendingmoneyonEasterfestivals."

LinkWithDarwin. Priestsarecruel,sotheCommunists assert;theybeatlittlechildrenwith theCross;intheSovietcaricaturesthe priestshavetheCrossinonehandand arevolverintheother.Godispicturedassittingonagibbet,givingHis approvaltothehangingandshooting ofthehelplessworkers.Theyrevelin reproductionsoftheInquisition,of thecrueltiesoftheFrenchCivilWar intheMiddleAges.TheChurchhas alwaysbeentheinstigatorofwar,they say. Buttheirmostpowerfullyally,Communistleadersclaim,isscience.They seekatalltimestosetscienceagainst religion.Theydeliberatelyidentify withtherealconceptofreligionmany falseideasnowcenturiesoldandobsolete.Theypresent,forinstance,as anirrefutableargument,thefactthat theearthrevolvesaroundthesun,in spiteofcenturiesofChristiantheologybaseduponthePtolomaicsystem. TheyinsistthattheChurchhasalways

persecutedscientistsandphilosophers; Copernicus,Galileo,Voltairearetheir standardexamples.Theyevenpoint sneeringlyattheUnitedStates,where thosewhoholdtotheDarwiniantheoryarepersecutedbyreligiousbigots evenatthislatedate.Onlyinthe Soviet'Unionissciencetriumphing; inwitnessthereofthe"Bezbojnik,"of 1927,boasts:"Weshallcelebrate neitherChristmasnorEaster,butthe installationofanewwater-pipe"!To provethatscienceismorepowerful thanreligion,theysprinkleonecabbagepatchwithholywaterandanotheronewithchemicalliquidto showthatthelatterspraygivesbest results.

Thereadercannowjudgeforhimselfofthestrengthofthissystematic andsometimesverycleveranti-religiousactivity.For,aftertwenty-tvoo years,wecanseetheresults.Hasthe Sovietgovernmentsucceeded?Hasit raisedanewatheistic,Communistic generation,orhasitfailed?

Foranswer,letusstudythereaction ofthepeople.Atfirstalargepartof theoldergenerationheldfast.The priestschosedeathratherthanabjure. Mostofthepeasants,too,clungtotheir oldbeliefs.Butwhatofthewhole population?Inthebeginningallthe anti-religiousactivitycertainlyappear. edtobringresults,asevidencedbythe growthoftheUnionofMilitantAtheists.Butthiswasforcedacceptance oftheneworderandbroughtnodeep andlastingresponse.Eachtimethe propagandaslackened,theRussian peoplewentbacktotheirreligiousobservances.Onholydays,amongstthe childrenonlyfifteentothirtypercent. oftheregularenrolmentattendedtheir classes.Thispersistencein"religious prejudices"obligedtheSovietleaders tocarryontheiranti-religiouspropagandarelentlessly.

Totheirchagrinthepopulationasa wholefailedtosustaintheatheistic pointofview.Inthe"Bezbojnik"of May,1939,ComradeOleshtoukclaim's that"thereligioussurvivalsarehostiletothesocialisticregimeitself theyarethenourishinggroundforthe odiousanti-Sovietelements,theenemiesofthepeople."Andhehasto confessthatinthewholeU.S.S.R.there canhardlybefoundtenclubswhere theanti-religiouspropagandaiswellorganised.Andthe"Pravda"ofJuly 7,1939,complainsthat"noonethinks aboutanti-religiouspropagandauntila fewdaysbeforeChristmasandEaster." Thegovernmentwasfinallyobligedto allowthepeopletocelebratethese feasts,stipulatingthattheyweretobe observedmerelyascivilholidays. TheStruggleforReligion.

Onethingmaybestatedwithcertainty:thereisnomoreanti-religious enthusaism:thegovernmenthasnot raisedanatheisticgeneration.But hastheChurchdisappeared?Almost allthechurchbuildingshavebeenclosed,mostoftheformerpriesthood wipedout,butreligionhasfoundnew champions.Strugglingagainstalmost insurmountableodds,withnoother weaponthantheirowndeepFaith, theyhavedevotedtheirlivestothe savingoftheRusian;soul;defyingall danger,withalmostcertainmartyrdom asthepricetheymustpay,these heroicshepherdscontinuallyfindnew waystobringtheconsolationsofreligiontotheirbelovedpeople.Inthe "Bezbojnik,"No.6,1936,thereisan unconsciouslyrevealingaccountof theirfearlessactivity,anaccountreminiscentofthefirstChristianmartyrs: "Theleadersofthereligiouscongregationsadaptthemselvestothenew conditions.Theyhavealteredseveral ceremonies;manyoftheseareperformedwithoutthepresenceofthosefor whomtheyareintended.Formarriagethememberssendtheirwedding rings;forfunerals,aclodofearthor someclothes.Afterthe'blessing'of theseclothesthepriestsgivethedead person'srelativesspecialnotesmeant tobeplacedunderthedeceased'shead beforeburial,whatiswitteninthese notesiskeptsecret.Thepriestshave organisedtravellingmissionsandgo aboutfromvillagetovillageholding divineservicewhereverpossible;often inprivatehomes.Insomecasesthey haveevenchangedthedatesofthebig feastdays,sothatalltheiradherents may'celebratewiththeiraccustomed reliiousceremonialandwithoutdetection InthisandthefollowingSovietreports,wecanreadthestoryofthe mostintensestruggletokeepreligion alive.IntheBezbojnik"forAugust andJuly,1937,weread:

"InSobolenov,thepastorcontinues tocallthechurch-council;hereadsthe Constitutionandinterpretsitinhis ownmanner. IntheIvanovdistrict,inthevillageofFedorov,Pastor Orlovmanagestobeondutyinthe officeofthevillageSovietitself,and toholdreligiousconversewith allvisitors."Allthereportersempha-

sisetheincreasingactivityoftheclergy inOtradmo. InKrassnaiaGora onthe'kolkhoze'(collectivefarm), thepriestandhiswitshavepersuaded threeyounggirlstocallthemselves nuns."

Thenewspapersdonotrecordthe punishmentmetedouttothese"enemiesofthepeople"inthenameof "Communistexpediency,"butwemay besurethatthepersonsreferredto havefeltthefullforceofthe"administrativeacts"oftheSovietregime.And itisthebloodofthesehumblebut courageousmartyrswhichisnourishing thatspiritofreligiousrevivalthroughoutvastRussia.

tkttheanti-religiousconferenceon December20,1937,ComradeYaraslavsky,highintheranksofthegovernment,said-andhecannotbesuspectedofanyreligiousleanings-that"in suchcitiesofOmsk,atleastone-fourth ofthepopulationbelievesinGod;and inthevillages,thepercentageistwothirds.'The"Pravda"ofJuly7,lra, admitsthat"religionsurvivesamong millionsofworkers."Thesameissue of"Pravda"publishesasupporting statement:

"ShouraShterbitskaiahasbeenexcludedfromtheKomsomal.Untilrecently,shewasoneofthemostbrilliantpupilsofherclass.Now,when sheisaskedaboutherplansforthe futuresherepliesthatthatis'inthe handsofGod.'Shetalksslowlyand herfingersseemtobeceaselesslycountingthebeadsofaninvisiblerosary. Sheisattendingtheservicesofan Evangelistgroup,wayupinthebusiest workers'sectionofNovorossik,ina low-ceilinged,narrowroom,fillwith benches;apulpitstandsnearetiny window.Intheeveningspyers, mournfulsingingandsoundsofweepingcomefromthisplace. ..'

Religion'GrowsStronger. The"Bezbojnik,"No.9,1939,notes andcommentsonthisstubbornvitalityofthereligiousspirit.

"Itwouldbeunwiseandpolitically dangeroustounderestimatethetenacityandtheextentofthereligioussurvival.Oneistemptedtobelievethat itprevailsonlyamongtheoldpeople; butthetruthisthatevenamongthe youth,broughtupunderSovietrestrictions,intheatmosphereofCommunisticrevolution,religionstillsurvives. IntheMoscowdistrict,duringLent, manychildrenwenttochurchfortheir confessionandCommunion. Many thinkthisdoesnotapplytoparty members;but,onthecontrary,certainKomsomoltzisandevenmembers oftheCommunistPartyhavenotcompletelyfreedthemselvesfromthe st;gmaofCapitalism. Onefinds Komsomoltzisgettingmarriedinchur,.hes,baptisingtheirchildren,attendingreligiouscelebrations."

Allthesequotationsandhundredsof others,whichmightbecited,tellthe samestory.Despiteallthepersecution,thecleverpropaganda,theSoviet governmenthasfailedtoeradicatereligionfromtheheartsoftheRussian people.Religionhasnotdisappeared; itisev-ngrowingstronger.Perhaps itwouldbemorecorrecttosaythatit istheneedofreligionwhichisgrowing, forthefecl;nginRussiaisnotforone specialreligion;thereisnorealknowledgeofonedefiniteChurch;thereis justacravingfor"religion."There aresomewhohaveneverbetina church,manystillcallthemselves"materialistic,"butasoneRedArmysoldier,aprisonerinFinland,said,"I haveneverheardagoodwordabout God;theysayHedoesnotexist,butI thinkHemustexist;itcannotbethat thereisnoGod."TheRedsoldieris right.Thisistheuniversalcry,the Yearningofthehumansoul,thedeepesthumaninstinct,andnothing,noone candestroyit,noteventheCommunistregime,howevercruelandclever maybeitsblasphemousdevices.

TheRussianpeoplehavewithstood ceaselesspersecutions,spiritbreaking ridiculeandsystematicschemesforthe corruptionoftheirsouls,buttheir soulsarenotdead.Theyhave,by theirsufferings,giventheworldfresh andgloriousproofoftheexistenceof God.ButRussianeedstheprayers ofallChristians.

TheWorld ofSport

becontestedforaprizeof£70 each,andtheHandicap,oflemiles, whichisthechiefrace,willcarrya stakeofDO.

TROTTING.

ThenextmeetingwillbeatGloucesterParkonJuly5.Theprogramme listedis:ABreeders'Handicap0100), 1mile3furlongs;andaDividedHandicap,of£610,1mile5furlongs,for horseshandicapped2.21andbetter.

SNOOKER.

Probablynowadayssnookerisa morepopulargamethantheorthodox billiardsgameasplayedwiththree balls.Ourlocalchampion,BobMarshall-andincidentallyBritishEmpire AmateurChampion-isafinebilliardistandnodunceatthecolouredball game.Bobsaysheis"justaplayer" asfarassnookerisconcerned,butan exhiibtiongivenbyhimrecentlyconvincedmethatheistoomodest.Yet itmustbeadmittedBobismuchmore athomeatbillardsstraight.

JoeDavis,whohasbeenacclaimed asthegreatestsnookerplayerofall time,lastyearbrokehisownrecordof 135byjaQidingtwotothattotal.

So7,-ft.,Wtimeback,whenhewasplayingagainstHoraceLindrumatThurston's(London),hetookeveryballon thetable,andinthecourseofdoing so,tookthefifteenreds,sevenblacks, sixreds,twoblues,andthecoloursin order.

SAVEMONEYonStoves,Coppers Baths,BathHeaters,andrepairstoaL Stoves.W.A.STOVECOY.,cornet WellingtonandQueenStreets,Perth.

J.NEILSON,Optician

S.DANNELL,F.S.M.C.(London), W.A.O.A.

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AGENTFORW.A.CHARITIES.

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HoraceLindrumalsomade141in Londonin1936,butthetable,itwas said,hadnotbeenlabelled"standard," sothathisbreakwasnotlistedamong therecords. Justbeforetheoutbreakofwar, therewasaGoldCupSnookerTournamentconductedinLondon,withthe bestprofessionalscompeting.Joe DaviswascalledupontoconcedeA. Brown35pointsinaframe,Sidney Smith30,HoraceLindrum30,and TomNewman40.

HEKNEWTHEMALL.

TrevorWignall,Englishjournalist, writesveryentertainlyonallsporting features.Inhisbook,"IKnewThem All,"hewrites:"TheOlympicsof1936 werenearlyall100percent.politics. WhenaGermanlabourerwonathirdratefieldevent,Hitlerreceivedhim gushinglyandpromotedhimonthe spot.WhenanAmerican,aBriton, aPole,oraFinnwon,thegushwas verymuchundercontrol,andnaturallythesingingwhenforeignnational anthemswereplayedwassubduedand deficientinpassion.Butwhenthe greatestofallathletesonview,a NegronamedJessieOwens,wonthree ofthemaineventswithanexhibition thelikeofwhichhadneverbefore beenwitnessed,Hitlerjustwenton chattingwithhisassociates.Hedid notactuallyturnhisbackonthecolouredman,buthefailedtobeckonhim tohisbox.Itwassopetty,sochildish,sostupid.Thesoleconsolation vouchsafedthoseofus,whohatedand condemnedtheslighttoaman,whose onlyoffencewasthedarknessofhis skin,wastheremembrancethatit couldnothappeninBritainorAmerica.

HESTARTEDSOMETHING.

CossackwontheEnglishDerbyin 1847forMr.Pedley,themanwho shockedtheexclusivecoterieinthe Newmarketsaddlingpaddockbycallingatthetopofhisvoice,"I'lllay sixtofourthefield!"andsosetacustomwhichlivedonuntilwefindall typesofvoicesloudlyinvitingbusiness.UntilPedley"shoutedthe odds,"itwasconsideredabreachof turfmanerstoofferodds-thelayer, previously,hadtowaituntilthebackerapproachedhim.

TENNIS.

ADramaticMatch.

Wimbledon,inJuly,1931:Thestands arecrammed."BigBill"Tilden,of America,andBrianNorton,ofSouth Africa,arewaitingonthefamouscentrecourt.

NowTildenwasareallygreatplayer,buthehadbeensickandhemade themistakeofunderestimatinghisopponent.Nortondidnotcompareas aplayerwithsuchasPatterson,of Australia,JohnstoneandRichardsof America.Hewasjustagamefellow, anda'prettygood"tennisplayer.The champion'scarelesstacticscosthim thefirstset.Henettedeasyreturns anddoublefaulted.Hedeservedto lose,ashedid,6-4. NowthisdefeatrousedTilden.He wasplainlypullinghimselftogether, forafterallthismatchwasforthe greatestofalltennisprizes.Notwithstandinghisnewresolve,Tilden foundthetaskmoredifficultthanhe hadanticipated.Hebegantryingtoo hardandbeathimselfintheprocess. Nortonfinishedthesetat6-2,whenhe madeafinehalf-volleyfromthebaselineononeofTilden'shurricanedrives. Therewasashortrestperiod,and Tildenhadtimetosteadyhimselfand thinkthingsout.Nomatterhowhe felt,hemustnowapplythepressure, andkeepiton,becauseitwasnecessaryforhimtowinthreesetsina row.Hisfacewasgrimanddour whenhefacedhisopponentagain.

Theoldtouchhadcomebacktohim. HedroveNortonbreathlesslyaround thecourt,runninghimtoastandstill, andwon6-1,andthefourthsetwas evenmoreone-sided.WhenNorton sawthathewassuretobebeaten,he "coasted"tohavehimselfforthevital fifthset,andTildenwalkeditout,6-0. Thencamethevitalfifthset!Nortonwasbynomeans"through,"and Tildenwasgettingpalpablytired.Nortonrosetotheoccasionmagnificently, andled4-2,hutTildendrewlevel.Nor-

tonwentahead(5-4,andneededonly onemoregametowintheWimbledon Championship.

Onepointtogo!Tilden'strap-like mouthtightened.Atamomentlike thishe,thegreatesttennisplayerof alltime,wasathisincomparablebest. Heevenedthescoreandthentookthe lead,6-5--anditwasTilden'sserve. Hestretchedhistallformtoitshighest.Youcouldhearthe"ping"ofthe ballagainsttheracquetalongway off.Itwasaserviceace.Thevoice oftheumpireannounced,"Fifteenlove!"Tildenservedagain-"Thirtylove,"calledtheumpire.ThenNortontorehimselfoutoftherut,andon thenextserveforcedTildenintoa rapidfireexchangeandanerror.Then Nortonnettedandtheumpirecalled "40-15."Matchpoint!Thegoalof tennishopes!

Tildenhesitatedamoment.His longarmreachedtothelimit.He lashedtheracquetdown.Norton startedforward,butnomancould havereachedthatball.Itstruckthe groundandboundedaway.'Point, setandmatch,"heraldedtheumpire.

WilliamTildenhashadnosuperior asatennisplayer,butunlikemany whohavereachedthetopmostrung,he wasnoyouthfulprodigy.Acritichas toldusthatasaboyhisstrokesand tacticswerequitewrong,buthewas willingtotakeadvice,toworkhardto correcthisfaults.In1919hewentto thefinalsoftheAmericanSingles,but wasbeateninthefinals.However,as arecompense,inthatyearhewonthe Clay-CourtChampionshipandwas rankedNo.2ontheAmericanlist. Earlyhewasmarkedlyweakinhis

back-hand,butheworkedhardand soonthatweaknesswasnotexistent.

In1920hetravelledtoEuropewith theDavisCupteamasasubstitute.At Wimbledonhewasawhirlwind,butinjuredhiskneebadlywhilebeatingthe Japanese,Shimuzu,inthefinal.He playedspwellthathewasmadearegularmemberoftheteam,andinthe matchesagainstEnglandandFrance playedmagnifioentlydespitehisinjury.

BackinAmerica,hewontheSingles Championship,andheandBillyJohnstontooktheDavisCupawayfrom Australasia,5-nil,atAuckland,N.Z. AmericaheldtheCupforseven yearsuntildefeatedbyFrance. TildenwontheWimbledontitlein 1920,1921,and1930.Fortenyearshe wastheoutstandingplayerandper- sonalityofthetennisworld,andafter thatheturnedprofessionalandwent ontoshowthathewasstillthegreat one. Uptohisfirstrealtriumph,Tilden hadwonallhisgamesongrass.He believedhistheorieswouldworkout onanysurface.Heprovedthisby winningunderanyandallconditions. Thushebecamethemostcomplete playerofalltime.Therewasnothing hecouldnotdo.Hehadeverystroke inhisrepertoire-speed,magnificent anticipation,andthegreatestcompetitivesenseeverseenonatenniscourt. Hisservicewasalwaysterrific.As Imentioned,atthestarthisbackhandwasweak,buteventuallyitbecameoneofhismostimportantweapons.Itistheconsideredopinionof practicallyeverytennisexpertthat TildendeservestorankNo.1among thetennisplayersofalltime.

WHOLEMEALANDMALTBREADASPECIALTY. CURRYandTAYLOR,Bakers

75SAMSONSTREET,BEACONSFIELD. 'PhoneL2685.

Typistes

WOULDYOULIKETOENTERTHE COMMONWEALTHSERVICE?

AnExaminationforentrytotheCommonwealthServiceasTypiste, opentogirlsof151-25,istobeheldonOctober18th, Thesubjectsoftheexaminationare:-

(1)Typewriting-

(a)Speedtest-minimumspeed30wordsperminute.

,(b)ConfusedManuscript.

(2)Shorthand5minutes'dictationattherateof100wordsperminute.

(3)Spelling.

(4)EnglishMeaningofwords,punctuationanddetectionoferrorsandomissionsin theprintedpaper.

(5)ArithmeticFirstfourrules. Theexaminationisofhighlycompetitivenature,andinorderto secureapasshighenoughonthelisttosecureanappointment,athorough preparationisessential. TheCityCommercialCollegeisgiving'specialcoachingforthisexaminationonfoureveningsweekly.Lowfee. Call,writeor'phoneB2024orB2063forparticulars.

CityCommercialCollege

W.A.'sBusinessUniversity

SheffieldHouse,713-21HayStreet,Perth

line,singlecolumn.

SchoolResultsmustbecoveredbyletterofauthorisation,andmust beTypewrittenorinBlockLetters.

CONTRACTRATESforgeneraladvertisingonapplicationtothe AdvertisingManager.

TheManagementreservetherighttorefuseanyadvertisementit deemsobjectionable,andacceptsnoresponsibilityforanylosssustained fromerrorswhichmayappearinadvertisements.

AllenquiriesconcerningAdvertisementsshouldbeaddressedtothe ADVERTISINGMANAGER,"THERECORD,"450HAYSTREET,PERTH, WestAustralia.

PicturesinCatholicHomes

RELIGIOUSARTSHOULDBE

GOODART.

ThereisanoldChineseproverb whichstatesthatapictureiswortha thousandwords.Andwhenitisrealisedthattheaverageperson'svocabularyislimitedtofivehundred words,theimmenseimportanceofpicturescanperhapsbeappreciated.

kUTitmustberememberedthat therearepicturesandpictures. Barewallsareinmanycasespreferabletowallscoveredwithatrocities whichhavenottheshadowofaclaim tobetermed"worksofart."

Thislackofdiscernmentinchoosing goodpicturestoadornone'shomeis nowheresonoticeableasinthefield ofreligiousart.ThosefewCatholics whoarenotashamedtoexhibitreligiouspicturesintheirhomesare,unfortunately,theveryoneswhochoose gaudily-coloured,over-sentimentalised reproductionswhich,asfarasonecan judge,mustarouseanythingbutreligioussentimentsinthemindsofthe beholder.

AngelsofJunoesqueproportions shieldingthesleepingchildwiththeir immense,heavily-featheredwings;representationsofSt.Josephlookingas ifheisabouttoexecutethefirststep inaballetmovement,orconverselyas afeebleoldmanofincredibleage;of St.Peterwithdeepcrevicesinhisface (apparentlywornbythetears);insipidpaintingsoftheBlessedVirgin withnoattempttoconveythebeauty ofhercharacter;andsimilarvacuous paintingsofotherreligiousthemesare someofthetravestiesofreligiousart withwhichweinthiscountryare,unfortunately,onlytoofamiliar.

Thereisawholefieldofreligiousart asyetunexploredbyAustralasians. Apartfromgoodreproductionsofthe OldMasters,whichareneveroutof place,itispossibletosecureetchings andreproductionsofpaintingsinthe modernstylewhich,inadditionto theirreligiousvalue,areofrealartisticmerit.

Ifsomething''different"isrequired,copiesofworkbytherenowned Chineseartist,LukeCh'eng,orthe youngIndianartist,AngeloDaFonseca,shouldprovidevariety.These areonlyafewsuggestionsfroma wholegalaxyofartwhichisreallyworthyofthename.

Itisnotreallynecessaryforoneto paradeone'sfaithbeforeallandsundrybyhaving,forinstance,anoverrobustholypictureinone'sdrawingroom.Badartisscarcelyacomplimenttoone'sFaith.Butbyusingreligiouspicturesofrealartisticmerit, itispossibletocreateanimpression ofgoodtastewhichshouldmakeone proudoftheChurchwhichistheinstigatoroftrueart.

Sincepicturesaresuchagreathelp intheformationofideas,fromearliest childhoodouryouthshouldhavethe opportunityofbeingimpressedwith religiouspicturessothattheymight learnmoreabouttheirFaith.The Churchhasalwaysunderstoodthe powerfulimpressionthatpicturesproduce.Thewallsofthecatacombs werecoveredwiththem.IntheMiddleAgestherewerereligiousbooks knownas"thepoormansbible,"filledwithpicturesforthosewhocould notread.Thewindowsofstatelycathedralsandtinychurchestellin beautifulstainedglassthestoryof ChristandHissaints.

Intheneworderofthings,however, theplaceofreligiouspicturesinthe homehasbeenusurpedinmanycases bypictureswhichhavenoreferenceat alltoreligion.

"ThepaganRomans,"writesMary Douglas,"werenotashamedtoshow littleimagesoftheirhouseholdgods, theirLaresandPenates.Norwere theyafraidthattheartisticbeautyof theirhomeswouldbemarredthereby. Shallonlytheworshippersofthetrue Godbeguiltyofthisstrangemadness ofbeingashamedofHisimage?" "Zealandia."

ROCKTONROADSTORES (W.H.BEVAN).W.M.1337.

SPECIALISESINDRESSED

POULTRYANDFRESHEGGS. AlsoStocksGroceries,Vegetables,

THEHOLYFATHERSAYSBADBOOKSMAYTHROWWHOLE CITIESINTODEATH.

Thevalueofgoodreading-andthe menaceofbadbooks-formedthesubjectofahomilydeliveredbytheHolyFathertoalargepublicaudienceat theVatican.

"Toread,"saidHisHoliness,"isto enterthroughgraphicsigns,moreor lesscomplicated,intothethoughtof others.Now,sincethethoughtsof thejustarejudgmentsandthecounselsofthewickedaredeceitful,itfollowsthatsomebooks,likesomewords, aresourcesoflight,offorce,ofintellectualandmoralliberty,whereas othersonlybringsnaresandoccasions ofsin.

"However,awordisoftenonlya flash.Inthenightandinthestorm itmaybeenoughforthewayfarerto findtherightpathagainas,evenon themostsurepath,aglimmermaybe sufficienttolightthewayforan unwarytraveller.Thisistheeffectof goodorbadwords.

"Thebookactslessrapidly,butits actionisprolongedwithtime.Itis aflamethatmayfosterunderthe ashesorburnlikeadimlightinthe night,andthensuddenlyrekindle, beneficialordevastating.Itwillbe thelampofthesanctuary,always readytopointouttothefailleulwho approachittheholyTabernadkand theDivineGuest;oritwillbeavolcano,whoseterribleeruptionsthrow wholecitiesintodesolationanddeath.

"Youdesirepleasantconversations, wiseandcomfortingwords,andrightlydetestblasphemyandcorrupting speeches.Thereforealsoseekout goodbooksandhatethebad."-Nt.,1VL7 NewsService.

TAXATIONRETURNS.

Thefinaldateforlodgingreturnsof salaries,wages,andallotherincome, exceptfromtradingandprofessional sources,onFormHAisJuly31,1941; fortradingandprofessionalincomeon Form11,orFormH.F.A.,andforLand Tax,August31,1941.

Thepenaltyforfailuretolodgereturnsisnotlessthan£2normorethan £100. IncomeTax:Asingleperson,ora marriedwomanwhosehusbandisnot dependentuponher,isliabletolodge returnsifthegrossincomefromall sourcesfortheyearamountedto£100 ormore. Amarriedman,oramarriedwoman whohasadependenthusband,ora widoworwidowerwithchildrenasdependants,isliabletolodgereturnsif thegrossincomeamountedto£200or more. HospitalTax:Everypersonreceiving£52ormoreperyear,otherthan fromsalaryorwages,andforwhichan incometaxreturnhasnotenfurnishedisliabletolodgeare. Employeesshouldattachtheircertificatesofexemptiontotheirincome taxreturns.

LandTax:FormCmustbelodged forFederalLandTaxifalterationsin holdingsorvalueshaveoccurredsince thelastreturn,andFormCAifnot changeshavetakenplace.Thesereturnsmustbelodgedbyallpersons who,atmidnightJune30,1941,being absentees,ownedlandvaluedat£1or more,orbeingresidentsownedland valuedat14,000ormore.

ReturnsonFormAforStateLand Taxshouldbelodgedbyalllandownerswhohavenotpreviouslyrendered areturn,andonFormGAwheresales orpurchasesorchangesinvalueshave takenplaceduringtheyear.

S.BEECROFT-Butcher

181RokebyRoad,Subiaco.

DnlyPrimeFreshKilledMeatSold. 'PhoneW1373.

KALAMUNDA.

KalamundaMeatSupply RAILWAYROAD. E.0.HUMFREY, BUTCHER.

DeliverstheBESTQUALITY MEATthroughouttheDistrict. 'Phone130.

TheBushies'Corner

DearCornerites,-Iamsorrytosay thattheLemonadeBottlethisweek wassadlyneglected,andthisisavery badstartforthebeginningofthesecondhalfyear.Asyouallknowweare aimingatobtaining£100bytheendof theyear,butsofarhaveonly£28odd.

Thismeansthatbigthingsareexpectedduringthecomingsixmonths,and veryhardworkliesahead.Inthese difficulttimes,whensomanythingsare makingcallsonyourpockets,Iknow itismoredifficultforyoutohelpthe Cornerasmuchasyouwouldalllike to.Butstilltheobjectivehasbeen decreasedtof100sincethewarbegan sothatitwouldnotbeastrainon thosegenerouspeoplewhocontribute everyyeartotheBushies'Scheme.

Thatiswhywemustmakeflooby thecloseoftheyear,andIlookforwardtolotsandlotsofmailduringthe nextfewweeks,sothatwemaygetan excellentstartduringthemonthof July.Ifyoucannotsendadonation writeinforaprickcard,collect30penniesonitfromyourfriends,andreturn themtome.Youwillthusbedoing averygoodworkfortheCatholicchildrenofthisStatewholivetoofarout intheout-backareastoenjoythe privilegeofattendingaCatholicschool, andyouwillhelpthemtolearnabout theirHolyFaithintheReligiousHolidaySchoolsheldduringtheyear. AUNTBESSY.

SundayisthefeastofthegreatEnglishmartyr,St.ThomasMore.Those ofyouwhohavereadthehistoryof HenryVW'sreignwillprobablyknow allabouthim.HewasoneofHenry's bestadvisersandmosttrustedservants tillherefusedtosaythattheKing's usurpationofthedivineprerogativeof Christ'sChurchwasjust.Herefused todenythattheCatholicChurchwas thetrueChurch,andcontinuedtorecognisethePopeastheheadofthe onlytrueChurch.Henry,whowould brooknooppositioninhispathof wrong-doing7draciSt.Thomassentto theTower,wherehestilltriedtocoerce himfromhisrightfulstand.St.Thomas refusedagainandwasbeheadedon TowerHillwithSt.JohnFisher.A fewyearsagobothwereraisedtothe AltaroftheChurchon"England'sDay atRome."Thereisalittlestory aboutSt.ThomasinhisdaysoftemporalgreatnessatHenry'scourt,which showsclearlythathehadnoillusions abouttherealtemperofhismonarch. HeandHenrywerewalkinginthegardensdiscussingsomeproblemswhen Henry,intokenofhisgreataffection forhistrustyservant,placedhisarm aroundhisneckastheywalked.When HenryhaddepartedafriendremarkedtoSt.ThomasontheKing'sintimacywithhiscounsellor,butSt.Thomas replied:"Astomysovereign'sgreat friendshipformeatthemomentI havenodoubt,butifmyheadwould winforhimacastleinSpainIhave nodoubtthathewouldnotscrupleto haveitcutoff."Andsoitwaslater whenHenrywantedtosethimselfup assupremerulerovertheChurchand theState.St.ThomasMore,though recognisingHenryasthelawfulsovereignoftheState,sufferedmartyrdomsoonerthandeserthisFaith.

Leederville.

DearAuntBessy,-Ihopeyouare well.Iamsendingsomestampsfor theBusbiesandtrusttheywillbeof someuse.Wehavejustfinishedour schoolexaminationsandIhopeIdid well.Wishingyoueverysuccess.

THERESARODAN.

DearTheresa,-ThestampswerereceivedsafelyandIwasverypleased tohavethem.IhopeyoupaAsedyour examinations,asIliketoknowthat mylittleCorneritesaredoingwellat schoolandgettinghighmarksfortheir work.Youdeservesuccesswhenyou studyhard,soIhopeyouwillsoonbe goingupintoanotherstandard.

AUNTBESSY.

* * Mt.Hawthorn.

DearAuntBetsy,-Ihavejustcome toliveinthisStateduringthepastfete weeks,soIwouldliketobeoneofyour nieces.IusedtoliveinSydneybefore,butDaddywastransferredover here,andsowehavecometostayfor afewyears.Ilikeitverymuchhere, butitisnotnearlysocrowdedasin Sydney.Ihavebeenfordrives aroundtosomeofthebeachesand theylookgreat.I'mjustwaitingfor summertocometogoswimming,as thatismyfavouritesport,butIlike tennistoo.Mybrothersareverykeen onfootball,andDadtakesthemtothe matcheseveryweek.Theythinkthey aregreatfun,butIdon'tlikethem much.Iplaybasket-ballatschool, hutIreallyliketennisandrunning better.Thereisatenniscourtquite nearus,buttheweatherhasbeenso wetlatelythatIhaven'thadagame sinceIleftSydney.Igotanewracquetformylastbirthdayanditisa verygoodone.

ANNEJOHNSTON.

DearAnne,-Youareverywelcome totheCorner,andIhopeyouwill writetomeoften.Sydneyisabeautifulplace,butIthinkPerthismuch nicer.don'tyou?Iamgladyoulike tennissomuch.Ilikeit,too,andI hopetheweatherwillsoonbemore suitableforplaying.Ofcourse,we mustnotgrumbletoomuchaboutthe rainydays,sincetheyarethebestdays forthefarmerswhodependonthe rainsfortheirliving.Theboyswould naturallylikefootballbestofall,since itisaboys'gameandtheyshouldbe abletoseeplentyofmatcheshereduringthenextfewmonths.

AUNTBESSY.

DearAuntBessy,-Justafewlinesto askyoutosendmeaprickcard.I couldfilloneeasilyjustnow,asalot ofmyfriendsareonholidaysinPerth. SenditalongbythenextmailandI willletyouhaveitbackwithinthe week.

DORAHARTLEY.

DearDora,-Ihavesenttheprick cardalongpromptly,anditgaveme greatpleasuretoknowthatyouwould heabletofillitsosoonandsoeasily. Iamlookingforwardtohavingitback again. AUNTBESSY.

LEMONADEBOTTLE.

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AnglicanVicarAddressesCatholics

Thischallenging

AMartoutsiderasfarastheCatholicChurchisconcerned.Thatis whyIamamazedthattheeditor ofthe"CatholicHerald'.hasaskedme tospeaktohisreaders.Icannotunderstand.Icannotconceivethatthe editorofanAnglicanjournalwould askaCatholictowriteanarticlefor hispaper.(NotebyEditor,"C.H.": TheAnglican"Guardian.'ofteninvites contributionsbyCatholicwriters.)The firstthing,therefore,thatIambound todoistosayhowdeeplyIappreciate whattheeditorhasdone,andtosay alsothatIlookuponitasaunique privilegetobeabletospeak,fromthe columnsofthiswidely-readjournal,to Catholicsfarandwide.

ThefirstthingIwanttotellyouis thatIhaveadeeploveandatruerespectforyourChurch.

WhenIwasinRomein1933Iwas able,throughthekindnessofaCarmelitenunwhomImetinNice-Sister Veronica-tohaveanaudiencewiththe, HolyFather.Thatdaywillremain asoneofthemostvividimpressionsof mylife.

GreatestBishopintheWorld. Ithoughtitwouldbeadifficultexperience.Ihadpreviouslyinmylife metAnglicanBishops,andIhadalwaysfoundthemhardmentoapproach.Itwasdifficult,even,toget aninterviewatallwiththem,andwhen thatdifficultywasovercome,Ialways feltthattheyweresuchbusymen, thattheywantedtheinterviewoveras quicklyaspossible.So,tomeetthe greatestBishopintheworld,Iimagineditwouldbeatroublesomeexperience. Howdifferentlythingsturnedout!

First,therewerethefriendlycrowdsin thecorridorsoftheVatican.Wecame fromalllands,anddidnotspeakeach other'slanguage.Butsomehowor other,wealltalked,andnobodystoppedus.

Oneoldladybymyside,fromFrance, hadhundredsofrosariesunderher blackapron,andshetoldmethatshe hadbroughtthemforHisHolinessto bless.Iwonderedwhatshewanted withahundredrosaries,andIwasnot quitereassuredwithhersimpleexplanationof"menamis."

ThenthereweretheGerman"wander-birds:'whowereillateaseintheir high-neckedshirts,andlongtrousers. Wewaitedforalongtime,andIkept imaginingthattherewouldbelongGregorianchantsandanelaborateprocession,andcloudsofincense.

WhenHisHolinesscameitwasallso different.Therewasasharp-featured Cardinalwithatwinkleinhiseye-I thinkitmusthavebeenthepresent Pope,andaveryportlyCardinal,who remindedmeof'FriarTuck,thenacoupleofSwissGuardsand,wearingthe simplewhitecassock,thePopehimself. Therewasnopomp,noritual,noprocession,nomusic.Itwasasnaturalas ifwewereinasunnystreettogether, andHisHolinesswasmeetinghis friends.

UntoMe."

"Come

Thenitcametomeinaflash!I knewitwasexactlylikethatwhen Jesuswalkedthroughthestreetsof Capernaum.Thebrilliantsun,the motleycolourofthescene,andthe humblesimplicityasthePopewent downthelongstreet,andthepeople presseduponhim.

PerhapsHilaireBellocwilltellme whyIfeltsuchathrillasmylips touchedtheringofHisHolinessthe Pope.NexttomeweresomeFrench children,andthePopespoketothem intheirownlanguage.WhenHis Holinesshadpassedalongthecorridorshestoodattheendofalarge roomandthepeopleflockedaround justasyouseeitinyourpicture, "VenezaMoi."

Iwassoimpressedbymyexperience thatIhardlyknewfortherestofthe daywhatwashappening.Iwenttoa littlerestaurant,andwithoutknowing it,drankabottleofChianti.WhenI leftRomewasrevolving!

TheconceptionoftheCatholic Churchissostupendousthatitought tobeevidentthatman'simagination couldneverhaveconceivedit.There itis,evento-dayinaworldofwar,as theonlyinternationalinstitutionwhich survivesuntouched.Diplomatsand ambassadorsofwarringcountrieshave beenaskedtogo,butthepriestsand bishopsoftheCatholicChurchremain. Theyaretheonelinkwhichholdshumanitytogether.

Thatmeansweallrecognisethatthe ideabehindtheChurchisaninternationalconception.Thatcouldnever bewithourNationalChurches.The AnglicanChaplainsontheContinent havebeenforcedtoleavelongago.

Doyounotsee,youCatholics,what atremendouspoweryouhaveinsuch aninternationalcomradeship?Do yourealisehowimportantitis,forthe peaceandsecurityoftheworld,to cherishthisideaoftheinternational characteroftheCatholicChurch?Men aretryingto-dayastheyhavealways triedintimeofwar,toprovethatthe CatholicChurchispro-thisorpro-that. Youmustdonothingtoencouragethat falsehood.Youmustrememberthat yourbrothersandsistersinfellowship withChrist,areinGermanyandin Italy,aswellasinEngland.

Youraltarsarenotlimitedbythe wallsofthechurchinwhichyou kneel,northelengthoftherailbefore theBlessedSacrament.Byyourside, inyourchurch,kneelsaGermanlad whowearstheNaziuniform.Byyour sidekneelsaFascistsoldier,andthey areincommunionwithHimyoureceive.

TheOneHope.

Doyounotseewhatthatmeans?It meansthatintheCatholicChurchis theonehopeoftheendingofwarsfor ever.Theslayingofyourfellows, withinyourownChurch,isarending oftheveryBodyofChrist.When Catholicsseethetruthofthat,itwill meanthatwaritselfwillbedoomed. Whenitsfullimplicationsfillyour heart,itwillmeanthatyouCatholics willrefuseincomingdaystobethe toolofDictatorshipsandImperialisms forthedestructionofyourbrothersin Christ.TheCatholicChurchholdsthe swordwhich,whenitisupliftedbyits children,willdestroyforeverthe dragonofwar.

IloveyourChurchbecauseitisan internationalChurch.Thatisthe meaningofitsmagnificentname-the CatholicChurch.

AnotherreasonwhyI,amereoutsider,loveyourChurchisbecauseyou allrecogniseittobesomethingsupernatural,somethingdivine.Itisnot, inyourconception,somethingwhich hasbeenworkedoutanddevisedby man'splanning.Itisaninstitution whichhasbeenplannedintheHeartof God. ThatiswhytheCatholicChurch offershopetotheworld.

HumaninstitutionsandhumanGovernmentscomeandgo.Everyoneof themisputpassingandtransient.We extolthisformofgovernmentandthat. Butwesee,soonerorlater,thatour idolhasfeetofclay.

Weareforeverboastingaboutthe wonderofourdemocraticsystem.I haveyettoseethekindofcountry whichourstatesmenseemtohavein mindwhentheytalkofdemocracy. Withallourboastingitisnot,and neverhasbeen,inEngland.Itmay beanapproachtodemocracy,butthe distancetothegoalisverygreatindeed.

InmyministryIhavehadtotryto bringcomforttopeoplewhoarereally inneedoffoodfirst.Ihaveseen sullenfacesofDurhamminersindays ofdepression;IhaveseenhungryLondonschool-childrendroppingtosleep overtheirbooks.Ihaveseenyouthful unemployedmenwastingtheirtimein socialcentres,rapidlybecomingunemployable.Theyhavehadnochoice, thesepoorvictimsofourcapitalistic

society,inspiteofourboasteddemocracy.

Itisthesamewithallman-conceived formsofgovernment.Noschemeof societywilleversucceedinmakinglife trulyhappyforGod'schildren,because truehappinessisnotfoundinthe thingsoftheearth.Themostideal planforsocietywouldnotguarantee thatevilmen,andevilgroupsofmen, willbeunabletoexploititfortheirown gain.

ButwiththeChurchitisdifferent. EspeciallywiththeCatholicChurchit isdifferent.Youbeginwithman's soul,andyoudonottrytoputit right.YouleadittotheGreatCreatorofSoulsandleavethetransforming toHim.YourplanintheCatholic Churchforthemakingofanewsocial orderistoletChrist,throughthe GraceoftheSacramentsofHisChurch, makenewmenfirst.TheChurchisa DivineSocietyforthetransformingby DivineGrace,ofhumanlives.Itcannotknowfailurebecauseitisfounded ontheOmnipotenceofGod.

AReunitedChristendom.

Yes,theCatholicChurch,asanInternationalInstitutionandasaDivine Society,offershopefortheworld.

HowIwishthoseschismsofhistory whichcutofftheEasternOrthodoxbelieversandtheAnglicans,couldhave beenavoided!Whatapowerfor goodtheChurchcouldbeto-dayifAnglicansandOrthodoxcouldbegathered intothefoldoncemore!Itisour un-Christiandivisionswhichcausedthe enemytoblaspheme.

MyCatholicfriends,thisisnayfinal appealtoyou.Istherenoway,even inthemidstofwar,forthe12uniting ofChristendom?Ifearyouwilltell methattheonlywayisforindividuals tobereconciled,onebyone,tothe Church.Iamthinkingofsomething differentfromthat. WI;prayfor unityandwekeepourOctaveof Unity,youasCatholics,andweasAnglicans.Couldwenot,asAnglicans andCatholics,findsomewayofcorporatereunionswhichwouldhelpinthe answertoourprayers?

TherearethousandsofAnglicanswho willneverseekreconciliationindividually,butwhowouldmakealmostany kindofsacrificeifwiseleaderscould setforthaplanofreunion.Why havetheeffortsofthelateLordHalifaxandtheArchbishopofMalinesbeen allowedtocometoanendwiththeir deaths?

IfinthemidstofthiswartheAnglican Churchwithyourhelpcouldfinda wayofreconciliation,whatatremendousstepforwardweshouldhavemade inleadingtheworldofpeace;Iam personallyalwaysatalosstoknow whereinliesthedifficulties.IcanunderstandthatextremeProtestantsmay findadifficulty.Therearefewof themintheAnglicanChurchto-day. Mostofusteachnearlyallthatyou teach.

SeedsoftheNewOrder.

If,throughthesinofman,my Churchhasbeenlosttothefoldof Peter,itoughttobeouractofreparationforthatsintodiscoverawayin whichthatlostcommunity,asacommunity,maybebroughtback

Thereisaway,Iknow,andifI coulddoanythingtosetforththat way,andinourownday,seethebeginningofitsfulfilment,Ishouldfeel thatbysuchserviceIshouldbedoing farmoreforthecomingofthatNew Order,thanbyalltheplanningofsocial reforms,andalltheschemingforbetter humangovernments.

TheCatholicChurchhaswithinitself theseedsofthatneworder.Ithas, too,thepowertodestroywarwithits destruction.Thatpowerwouldbeliberated,ifChristendomwereone.Ifwe prayforthis,canwenotco-operate withGod,foritsacomplishment?It isthroughusthatGodcanworkand weknow'thattheprayerofourBlessed Lordstillwaitsuponourendeavouring: "ThattheymaybeOne,evenasWe, 0Father,artOne;IinTheeandThou inMethattheymaybeOneinUs."

REICHNUNSMAYBECONSCRIPTEDFORFACTORIES.

NunsintheGermanReichmaybe conscriptedforfactoryservice,under thedecreesoftheReichMinistersof LabourandReligion,VaticanRadio haspointedoutinabroadcasttothe UnitedStates.

Theannouncersaid:"Tounderstand moreeasilythemeaningofthesedecrees,listenersmustknowthatto-day intheGermanReichtheauthorities havethepowerofassigninganyoneto anyfieldofwork. Awoman,even thoughamemberofareligiouscom-munity,mayunexpectedlyreceivea notetellinghertoreportforworkat suchandsuchafactory,andthething isdone.

"Whatevermaybethemotivesof theauthorities,isitnotpossiblethat thisdecreemaybringaboutthegrad-ualextinctionofreligiouscongrega- tionsandorders?"

U.S.PRIESTUPHOLDSBRITAIN.

"IfEnglandfailsChristiancivilisationwillvanishfromEurope.IfEnglandwinsfreedomwillrnain,and 'MeinKampf'willbeb inthemarketplaceofcivilisation,"tesFather JohnRiarch,C.S.P.,intheewYork "CatholicWorld."

"IwanttoseeBritainwin.Iwant toseeNazismcrushed.For,"saysFatherRiarch,"IthinkthatBritainis fightingalongbattleforthecommon decencieswhichwehavecometoregardasthecommonheritageofthe commonman.

"Imakeboldtoassertthatmostof myfellowAmericansthinklikewise, foritismydeepconvictionthatBritishruleatitsworstisbetterthanNazi ruleatitsbest.

"Britainisfightingforfreespeech,a freePress,afreeconscience,thefreedomtoliveone'sownlifewheremight isn'tright,tovoteasonedesires,for freedomtoworshipGodasonedesires -notattheStatedictates-forfreedomofopportunitytoallandnotto thosebelongingtoapartyalone,for freedomastheChurchinsistsuponand Americabuiltupon,forfreedomwhich istherightofeveryman,andwhich theNazisdenytoeveryman.This istheprimaryaimofBritaininthis war.

"Thedestinyofthefreepeoplesof theworldisbeingdecidedonEngland'sdoorstep."

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