The Record Newspaper 08 May 1941

SocialJusticeSunday

OnSunflay

as

Justice

JUSTICENOW!

ElaborationofBishops'Statement. FatherLalor,inhissermon,gavea summaryoftheStatement.Itwas,he said,anelaborationoftheBishops' Statementissuedlastyear,anddealt withmattersofgreatpublicimportanceinthelightofrecentdevelopments. Amongthepointsdealtwithwere therecentdecisionoftheCommonwealthArbitrationCourtonthebasic wage;thepassageofFederallegislationintroducingasystemofchildendowment;therenewedinterestwhich hadbeendisplayedinthecollaborationofworkersandownersinthecontrolofindustrialdisputes.Thost. mattersinvolvedprincipleselaborated inthesocialEncyclicalsofthePopes andintheBishopsStatementlastyear.

IntheCathedralat11oclockaMissa CantatawascelebratedbytheRev.

FatherMcGillicuddy,andsungbySt. Mary'sCathedralChoir.Thesermon waspreachedbytheRev.Harold Lalor.TheMassandsermonwere broadcast.

Itwasofgreatimportance,therefore, thattheChristianattitudetoeachof thesequestionsshouldbeunderstood byworkers,byemployers,andbyleg- islators,sothattheiractionsmightbe enlightenedbytheknowledgeofChristianprinciples,foritwasindefence ofthoseprinciplesthatourarmies wereinthefield.

Inaddition,thepresentcritical stateofthewarcouldnotblindusto thefactthattheconclusionofhostilitieswouldfaceAustraliaandNew Zealandwithsocialproblemsofthe firstmagnitude.Theaftermathof thepresentwarwouldwitnessachallengetothewholesocialsystem,and unlesstheChristianprinciples,which alonecouldfurnishastablebasi,for socialreconstruction,wereproperly understood,itwasnotimpostblethat theBritishCommonwealthsofAustraliaandNewZealandwouldbeaprey tosocialchaosandviolence.

ThisnewStatementwasessentially practicalandconstructive;itcovered thequestionsofafamilywageandthe recentchildendowmentscheme,suggestedmarriageloans,thewiderand universaldistributionofproperty,and theinstitutionofindustrialcouncilsas adevelopmentoftheconcliationcommitteeswhichhadbeenevolvedby thegrimnecessitiesofwar.Itoutlined,too,theCatholicRuralMovementwithitsadvocacyofhomestead farmsforindustrialworkers.

Intheshorttimeathisdisposal,said thepreacher,hecouldonlytouchon oneofthosevitalquestions,andhe hadchosentoexplaintheCatholicilea ofthebasicwageandofthemethod employedinitsfixation.

Tobeginwith,hewouldratherspeak ofafamilywagethana"basic"wage. ThiswasathoroughlyCatholicconcept,andtheprincipleoffamilyendowment,nowacceptedinourmidst, wasbutonefacetofthebroaderprincipleofthefamilywage,andofthe stillmorefundamentalquestionoft'-e roleoftheChristianfamilyinthe rightorderedstate.

FamilyWageisWorkersRight.

Toofewrealisedthatinpayingthe familywageanemployerwassimply givinghisworkerswhatbelongedto them.Hewashandlingtheirmoney, nothisown.Andjustasaperson hadnorighttoretainmoneybelonging toanother,sonoemployer,wherethe industrycouldreallyaffordtopaythe familywage,wasentitledtowithhold t. Thefamilywagewasinsistedupon becauseitwasimpossibletoconsider socialjusticeapartfromtheconsiderationofthefamily. Thefamilywasthefirstunitinsociety.ItexistedbeforetheState, anditsrightscamebeforethoseofthe State.TheStatecouldneverenjoy astableexistenceunlessthefamily werepreserved.Allsocialreform mustbejudgedbythestandardof whetheritassistedthefamilyornot Ifitassistedit,itwasgood.Ifnot, itwasbad.

Thepaymentofafamilywagewasa firstchargeonindustry.Afterthe employerhadobtainedafamilywage forhimselftheworkerwasentitledto thepaymentofafamilywagebefore anyTheprofitsaccruedtotheemployer. paymentofafamilywagewasa chargeontheindustryconcerned,ratherthanontheState,exceptinthe caseofanindustrywhichfounditimpossibletopayandyetmustbekept inexistencebyreasonofnationalpolicy.Insuchacaseitwastheduty oftheStatetomakeupthedifference betweenthewageswhichtheindustry couldaffordandthefamilywage.

Aworkercouldnotbesaidtobe receivingthefamilywageunlessthe amountenabledhimtosecureproper sustenanceforhimselfandhisfamily, tohavetheopportunityofacquiring amoderateamountofpropertyfor himself,sothathewouldnotbeentire. lydependentonhiswages,tomake suitableprovisionforoldage,periods ofillness,andunemployment,andto improvetheculturalconditionin whichheandhisfamilylived.It wasquiteclearthatthoserequirements hadnotbeenobservedinthefixation ofthebasicwageinAustraliaatany timeinthepast.Thesumwhichhad beenfixedcertainlydidnotfulfilall therequirements,norindeeddidit pretendtodoso.

FamilyWageBeforeDividends.

Therewouldbenosocialjusticeuntil theprinciplewasrecognisedthatthe familywagecamebeforedividends.

WereindustrytofunctiononChristianlinesinAustraliaandNewZea-

:anditwouldseemthatsomesuch methodwouldbeadoptedaswould provideabasicwageforasingleman toenablehimtoobtainforhimself thenecessitiesoflife,withmoderaterecreation,andtosavefor marriage.Increasedwageswould thenbeprovidedonhismarriage,togetherwithassistanceinpurchasinghouseandfurniture,andfurtherincreaseswouldfollowthebirthof eachchild.

Thewagessystemwasnotinitself unjust.Butifitfailedtosecurefor theworkerallthathewasentitledto instrictjustice,thenitmustbescrappedinfavourofasystemwhichdid. Co-operativeworkingofindustry,givingtheworkersanadequatesharein theprofits,themanagementandcontrolofindustrymighthavetobesubstitutedforthewagesystemaswe knewit.

Thismuchwascertain,unlessthere wassomesuchwhole-heartedco-operationbetweenemployers,workers,consumersandtheState,therightsofthe workerswouldneverberecognised,nor justicedonethem.Theschemeof IndustrialCouncilsoutlinedinthisnew Statement,approvedbytheCatholic HierarchyofAustralia,offeredasolutionbasedonevolution,notrevolution;themethodwasconstitutional, notviolentandbloody;andabove allitofferedanidealthatwasChristian.

(ContinuedonBackCover.)

WHYTHEKOOKABURRA Laughs..

Theyoungmanfromtownwasstrollingroundthefarmwhenhenoticeda prettygirlmilkingacowinafield.

"Arethereanybullsroundhere?"he asked.

"Onlythatoneoverthere,"saidthe girl,sweetly.

Theyoungmanglancedroundapprehensively.Hiseyescaughtthe balefulglareofthebull.Thebull stared.Theyoungmanstared.

Nextmomentthebullgaveasnort andstartedtocharge.Withayellof warningtothegirl,theyoungman fledacrossthefield,jumpedtheditch, andflunghimselfthroughthehedge.

Wonderinghowthegirlhadfared, hewassurprisedtoseeherstillcalmly milkingthecow,whilethebullwas saunteringshamefacedlyaway.

'Whydidn'tyourunwhenIyelled?" heasked."Thebullmightnothave stopped."

"Iknewhe'dstop,"retortedthegirl, scornfully."Thiscowhappenstobe hismother-in-law!"

* * AconstablefoundaScotsmananda Jewdrunkinthestreetandtookthem intocustodyforthenight.

Themenwerebroughtbeforethe magistratethefollowingmorning,and theconstable,inevidence,saidthe menweremad-drunk-absolutelymad drunk!

"Whatdoyoumeanbymad-drunk?" askedthemagistrate.

"Well,theScotsmanwasthrowing awayhalf-crownsandtheJewwas pickingthemupandgivingthemback tohim."

* Afussywomanwentintoashopto chooseabirthdaypresentforherhusband.Sheransackedthedepartment, pullingeverythingabout.

"Iwanttogivehimasurprise,"she said."Whatwouldyouadvise?"

Theassistant,exasperatedandforgettingthereligionofsalesmanship, said,wearily:"IfIwereyouIshould jumpoutfrombehindthedoorand shout'Boo.'

* * * *

Therewastobeachristeningparty inthehomeofafarmer,andtheministerhadmadealongjourneytohis parishioner'shouse.

"Sir,"saidtheminister,takinghis hostasidebeforetheceremony,"are youpreparedforthissolemnevent?"

"Oh,yes,indeed,"saidthefarmer. "I'vegottwohams,pickles,cakes " "No,no!Imeanspirituallyprepared."

'Well,Ithinkso:twogallonsof whisky,acaskofgin,andthreecases ofbeer."

* * * *

"Whydidyoubuythathat?"

'!BecauseIcouldn'tgetitfor nothing."

* *

Thetidalwaveofmoneyshortage hadcaughttheoldbookmakerand landedhim,highanddry,intheworkhouse.Buttherulingspiritstillswayedhim,andhestarteda"book"inside.

Afriendaskedhimhowhewasgettingon,andheshookhisheadsadly.

"Thebusinessistoomuchforme, andIshallhavetogetaclerk,"hereplied."Icanreckontwotoonein cigarettes,orfourtooneinanounce oftobaccooraquarteroftea,but whenitcomestoworkingouteleven toeightonasuetdumpling-well,I'm done."

* * * *

TheeditorofanAmericannewspaperdroppedintoaspecialafternoon serviceforthefirsttimeformany years.Helistenedtotheservicefor awhileandthenrushedtohisoffice.

"Whatareyoufellowsdoing?"he shouted."Howaboutthenewsfrom theseatofwar?"

"Whatnews?"

"Why,allthisabouttheEgyptian armybeingdrownedintheRedSea. Theministerupatthechurchknows allaboutit,andyouhaven'tgotasinglewordofitinourlatestedition. Bustleround,youfellows,andget outanextraspecial,sharp."

* * *

Theyoungsalesmanwaslooking -verydepressedonhisseconddayin hisnewjob.

"Come,come!"saidthesalesmanager."Don'tlooksodowninthe mouth.Iknowit'sdifficultatfirst, butyou'llsoongetintoit.When you'vehadalittlemoreexperience you'llgetalongallright."

"Itisn'tthat,"saidtheyoung,man. "WhenIgothomelastnightIpractisedthatsalestalkonmywifeand nowI'vegottobuyheranewvacuum ,cleaner!"

Themotheranddaughterwerevery busywiththeweddingplanswhenthe bridegroom-to-becalled.Hewatched thepreparationsratherimpatiently forawhile,untilhisfuturewifenoticedhislookofannoyance.

"Darling,wehavesuchalottodo," shesoothed,"andifwewanttomake ourweddingabigsuccesswemustn't forgeteventhemostinsignificantdetail!"

"Oh,don'tworryaboutthat,"murmuredtheyoungman,"I'llbethere allright!"

Clarencehadbeenreadingtalesof knightlygallantry,andwasthinking thattheworldto-daywasapoorsort ofplace.Sohesalliedforth(knights alwayssallyforth!)toperformanact ofchivalry.

Itwasarainyday,andhesawa lovelygirlabouttostepoutofher caronto,themuddypavement.Immediatelyhewhippedoffhiscoatand spreaditasacarpetforherdaintyfeet. Then,withanairofproudsilence,he waitedforherthanks.

"Well,ofallthesillyasses!"she exclaimed.

* * * *

She'dinspectedeveryfrockinthe shopandmadebitingremarksabout mostofthem.Atlastshelooked roundthedevastatedplaceandcomplained:

"Allyourfrocksaresoskimpy.I thinkI'dlookbetterinsomethingflowing."

Theexhaustedassistantseizedthe opening.

"Madammighttrytheriver,"she saidcoldly.

Ashestrolledroundthegardenthe retiredArmyofficerwasfeelingvery contentwiththings.Presentlyhe cameacrossthegardener,averyold emnloyee.

"Oh,Smith,"beamedthemajor. "you'llbepleasedtohearthatmyson hasbeencalledtotheBar."

Smithstraightenedhisbackcarefullybeforemakinganycomment.

"Well,sir,"hereplied,"fromwhat Iknowso'MasterJack,hewouldn't needmuchcalling."

"What'shappened,George?"

"Puncture."

"Youshouldhavelookedoutforit. Theguide-hooksaysthatthereisa forkintheroadjustabouthere."

Thedoctorwasexaminingayoung manwhowasproposingtoinsurehis life.Themedicalmanhappenedto knowsomethingoftheapplicant'sfamilyhistory.

"Anyinsanityinthefamily?"he asked.

"No,sir." "Waitamoment,youngman.Isn't thereanuncleofyourswhohadtogo totheasylumbecauseofhisdelusions?"

Theyoungmanlaughed.

"Oh,'im,sir!Youdon'twantto takenonoticeof'im.'E'soff'is nut." * * *

Amancaughtaboyinhisgarden stealingapples,andhandedhimtothe police.

Asitwastheboy'sfirstoffencethe magistratelethimoff,buttoldhim nevertoyieldtosuchtemptation again,adding:"Yeshouldhaveflown fromtheEvilOne."

"SoIdid,sir,"repliedtheboy,'but hegripfitmeaforeIgotoverthe fence!"

AScotappliedforarise,statingthat hewasthinkingofgettingmarried.At theendoftheweekhefoundafairly substantialriseinhispayenvelope.

Sometimelaterhemetthemanager onthestairs.

"Isupposeyou'vesettleddownto marriedlifenow?"askedthemanager.

I'mnotmarried,"repliedtheScot.

"Notmarried,"echoedthemanager, insurprise;"butdidn'tyouapplyfor arisebecauseyouwerethinkingof gettingmarried?"

"Oh,aye,"camethereply,"butI stoppedthinking."

Theyhadenjoyedamealintheres taurant.Whenthebillforlls3dwas presented,Brownwashorrifiedtodiscoverhe'dcomeoutwithoutmoney. Callingtheproprietor,heexplained thesituation,endingupwith:"It won'ttakemelongtosliphome,and mywifewillremainhereassecurity."

"Pardonme,"saidtheproprietor, -buthaven'tyouanything-aringora watch-whichyoucanleaveasadeposit?"

"Sir,"snappedthecustomer,"are youinsinuatingthatmywifeisn't worthlls3d?" Theproprietorraisedprotesting hands.

"Notatall,"hemurmured,"butI alreadyhaveawife."

"Ihopeyouenjoyedyourgamewith the-major,"saidthehostesstooneof herguests."He'sverycleveratcards isn'the?"

"Hecertainlyis,"repliedtheguest. "Ilestartedbytellingmyfortune,and nowhe'scountingit."

* * *

Thelargefactoryhadorganisedits ownHomeGuard,andthemenwere dulypostedtoguardtheworks. Themanagerapproachedthemain entrance,andthesentry,tornbetween dutyanddeference,challenged:"Halt, Mr.Brown!Whogoesthere?"

* * * *

Theconstablecalledatavillaand rangthebell.Insidethehousethe piano-playingceasedandarather scared-lookingyoungwomanappeared atthedoorandasked:"Yes?What doyouwant?"

"Well,miss,"saidtheconstable, "we'vejusthadatelephonecalltosay thatthere'ssomefellowcalledMozart beingmurderedinthishouse."

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AreWePuppets?

E.W.,Wallsend,N.S.W.

Wouldyoukindlytestthetruthofthe philosophycontainedintheknowingquotations?

Ishalldosowithpleasure.

"Wearepuppets;wearethesumof alldeadmen,thesportofallpast happenings.'

Thatissimplyaratherrhetorical statementofoneaspectofaverycrude materialism.

Itmeansthatwearemerelythehelplessproductsofsomeblindorunintelligentevolutionaryforce.Itmeans thatoureveryactionisinexorably necessitatedbyfactorsandforcesover whichwehavenocontrol.Itmeans thatwearetossedaboutlikefeathers inthewindbyallegedhereditaryinfluencesderivedfromahighlymythical evolutionarypast.

Itdeniesuseventhatautonomy whichisthecharacteristicofalllivingthings.Thoughalllivingthings dependontheirenvironmentforthe conditionsoftheirexistence,andthe meansofsubsistence,theyareneverthelessindependentoftheirenvironmentintheself-regulation,oftheir vitalfunctions,andinthatself-containedunitywhichseparatesthem fromtheirpavironment.

Theexperimentsconductedby Drieschandothershavecompletely refutedtheoldmaterialisticormechanisticideathatlivingthingsare meremachines:"Nodoubt,"Driesch writes,"theeggofananimalconsists ofmatter;itisa'materialsystem'in thelanguageofphysics.Butthe'materialsystem'eggisnotgovernedin itsbehaviourbythelawofmatter exclusively;inotherwords,itisnota mechanicalsystem.Matterandsomethingelseareatworkandthis'some thingelse'actsinateleologicala wholemakingway Ihavecalled itentelechy(soul) andImaysay thatitactsinamindlikeway,i.e.,accordingtoaplanordesign."(From hisessayentitled:"TheBreakdownof Materialism.")Drieschisoneofthe world'sleadingbiologists.

* *

DeniesFreeWill.

Again,thepreciouspieceofphilosophyunderdiscussiondeniesfreewill andthereby,contradictsourimmediate andintimateexperience.Weknowthat wehavethepoweroffreechoicein preciselythesamewaythatweknow wethinkorexist;becauseweareimmediatelyandintimatelyawareofit.

Sinceitdeniesfreewillitmustlogicallydenyallmoralresponsibility;all distinctionbetweenrightandwrongin themoralsense.Hitler,forinstance, doeswhatheisdoingbecauseheis simply'thesumofallhisdeadancestors,thesportofallpasthappenings.' Buthecannotbeblamedforitbecausehe'llnotfree,and,therefore, lacksresponsibility.

Finally,since,inthisview,allreality ismatterandthereisnothingoutsideofmatter,therecanbenosuch thingastruthorhonestyorsincerity orjustice;forthesethingsarenot material.

Thattherearehereditaryinfluences noonewilldeny.Buttosaythat theseinfluencesdestroyallautonomy andfreewillisnotgoodphilosophy, norgoodscience,norgoodsense.It isbalderdashpureandsimple. * * * * AtheisticAbsurdities.

"Wearepresentlinksintheendless chainofcauseandeffect,andasour structureis,sodoesourlifeinexorablyunfold."

Ifamanweretosaythatallanimals hadclawsandwerethentoconclude thathorsesandcowswerenotanimals becausetheylackedclaws,youwould thinkhisreasoningalittleodd.You wouldpointoutthatuntilhehadprovedthatalltheanimalsandonlythe animalshadclaws,hewouldhaveno righttoarguethathorsesandcows werenotanimals.

Thesameappliestothestatement underdiscussion.Itisbasedonthe Kantiannotionofcausalitythatevery eventisdeterminedornecessitatedby apreviousevent.Itdoesnotdisprovefrewill.Itdoesnotprovethat therearenoactsofthewillwhichare notnecessitatedordeterminedbypreviousacts.

Itsimplyassumesthatthereareno suchacts,andbydefinitionsexcludes them.

Butuntilithasbeenprovedthat thereisnofreewilleitherinusorin GodtheCreator,thereisnowarrant fortheassertionthateveryeventis determinedornecessitatedbyapreviousevent.Itisthelogicalfallacy knownas'beggingthequestion."

Theexistenceoffreewillisafact; afactknownbyimmediateexperience.Itisforphilosophytoexplain thatfact,nottoproposetheorieswhich cannotbereconciledwiththatfact. Andsincefreewillisafact,itisnonsensetosaythatalltheactionsofman areinexorablydetermined.

Moreover,thestatementbegsthe wholequestionatissuebyspeakingof anendlessorinfinitechainofcause andeffectinwhicheacheventis necessitatedbythepreviousevent.It isneitherreasonablenorscientificto speak.ofanendlesschaininthisrespectuntilonehasfirstdisprovedthe existenceofapersonalGod.Achain ofcauseandeffect,eachlinkofwhich dependsonthepreviouslink,isabsolutelymeaninglessanjimpossible withoutaself-existent,freecauseoutsidetheseries.

TheoriesofthekindunderdiscussioncannotbereconciledwithChristianity,norwiththeexistenceofa perosnalGod.Butthereisnoreason tobedisturbedonthataccount-for neithercantheybereconciledwith reasonandexperience. *

J.H.Curie's"Philosophy."

ThesequotationsarefromCurie.

J.H.Curieisneitheraphilosopher norascientist.Heisajournalistof sortswhodabblesinphilosophy.His philosophy,ifsuchitcanbecalled,is nothisown.Itseemstobetakenin itsentiretyfromthewritingsofTom Paine,GrantAllen,Haeckl,Huxley, WyndhamReid,H.G.Wells,andother championsofthedeadanddiscredited MaterialismoftheXIXth.Century.

Hecondemnsdogmatism.Yetwith adogmatismwhichmakesthedogmatistshecondemnslookliketonguetiedschoolgirls,hewritesof"Nature, Evolution,Race,Heredity,Environment,Sex,MindandMatter,Causeand Effect,GoodandEvil inablend ofthehuman,thepersonal,andthe philosophic."Thosearehisown words,written,itwouldseem,without ablush. * * * *

More"Philosophy."

Afriendwritestomeasfollows:"My ownpieceofphilosophyistaken fromtheoldphysiclaw'ofapressurebeingexertedatonepointofa confinedfluid,isfeltthroughoutthat fluid."

Appliedtomerelymaterialandmechanicalthings,noonewillquarrel withthatlawforitisappliedinthe spheretowhichitbelongsandto whichitismeanttoapply.But, takenfromthefieldofexperimental science,andappliedtothespheresof moral,religion,andsocialrelationships, itceases.tobefactualandreasonable andbecomesabsurd.

Aphilosophyshouldberecommendedbecauseofitstruth;notbecauseit is,oristhoughttobe,one'sown. "Idonotthinkthatonewordoractionofoneindividualisindependent ofthenext."

Thatstatementadmitsofseveral meanings.Itmaymeanthatevery actionofeveryindividualisgovernedbyasortofmechanisticnecessity sothatallfreedomisimpossible.In thissensethestatementisquiteunsound.Againitmaymeanthatno actionofanindividualisindependent ofwhatprecedesinthesensethatall ouractionsarenecessarilyrelatedto oneanotherinsomeway.Andthat isquitecorrect.

Again,itmaymeanthatwearenot isolatedindividuals;thatweareby naturesocialbeings;thateveryword andactoftheindividualhas,directly orindirectly,someeffectforgoodor evilontherestofthehumanrace.

Grantedtheexistenceofapersonal God,HispersonalProvidence,thesolidarityofthehumanraceasawhole inHiseyes,thereisnothingunreasonableinthis.

ButifGodisexcluded,andHis Providencedenied,anditisassumed thatwearesimplysomanycogsina vastmachine,oraspectsofsomepantheisticreality,thenthestatement sharestheabsurditytowhichallforms ofpantheism(ormonism)aresubject.

Ontheotherhand,ifthephraseis takenmetaphorically,itisobscureand misleadingandshouldthereforebe avaidedinphilosophicaldiscussion.

AsC.E.M.Joadpointsoutinhis ReturntoPhilosophy,thereisabig differencebetweenobscurityofexpressionandtheexpressionofobscurity.

VaguenessandObscurity.

"Everyactionofeveryindividualindirectlyaffectseveryoneelseinthe world,nomatterhowremoteyouare fromthenervecentreoftheworld." Thisstatementsuffersfromthe sameambiguntyastheonejustexamined.Hence,itsvariouspossible meaningsmustbedistinguishedinthe samewaybeforetheirworthcanbe ascertained.

Thephrase,"nerve-centreofthe world,"iftakenliterally,isabsurd. Thereisunityintheworld;butitis unityoforder,notunityofsubstance: Itisnotonereality,butamultiplicity ofrealitiesunitedinanorderlyscheme. Again,thereisunityamongstmen; unityoforigin,unityofdestiny,unity ofspecies-forallareequallymen. Buttheyarenotoneman.

Obscurityofexpressionmeansthat oneexpressesininvolvedandobscure languagesomethingwhichcouldbeexpressedplainlyandsimply.Itisthe markofhazinessofmind,slipshod thinkingandbadworkmanship.Itis inexcusableinaphilosopher.

Theexpressionofobscurity,onthe otherhand,meansthatonetriestothe bestofone'sabilitytogiveclearand accurateexpressiontowhatisofits nature,obstruse,difficult,obscureEinstein'stheoryrelativity,forinstance.

Thedistinctionisimportant.Many peopleconfuseobscurityofexpression withdepthofthought.Andthatis unfortunate;forwhiledeepphilosophy orsciencemaysometimesbeobscure, thereisatremendousamountoftwaddlewhichisnotrecognisedassuch simplybecauseitisexpressedobscurelyandinaninvolvedway.

TheBritishIsraelitesAgain

W.Campbelltown,N.S.W.

OnSunday,August18,oflastyear, overStation2SM,youattackedthe teachingoftheBritishIsraelWorld Federation.

Correct.Ialsocriticisedthetheory duringtheJuestionBoxSessior,on December8,1940,andApril6,ntthis year. OnSunday,September22,1940,Mr. Eastmanrepliedtoyou.

ItwasnotuntilIreceivedyourletterthatIknowofMr.Eastman's"'reply."

Heaskedyouthreequestions,andso farIhavenotseenanyanswerto theminthereportofyourQuestion BoxSessioninthe"CatholicFreeman'sJournal."

Thatisnotsurprising,for,asIhave explained,Iwasnotawareuntilvery recentlythathehadaskedthese questions. IamenclosingacopyofMr.Eastman'sreplyincaseyouhavenothad one.

Thatwasverythoughtfulofyou.It istoberegrettedthatthesame thoughtdidnotoccurtoMr.Eastman. "IftheBritishPeopleAreNot Israel..." Willyoupleasereplytohisthreo questions.

Ishalldosowithpleasure;taking thequestionsastheyaresetoutinthe printedversionsofMr.Eastman's reply.

(1)IftheBritishpeoplearenotIsrael, "towhatNATIONwastheKiag domofGodtransferredwhen'Christ tookitoverfromtheJews?"(Matt xxi,43.)

Inthefirstplace,Mr.EastmanassumesthattheKingdomofGodwhich wastakenfromtheJewswastransferredtoanation,intheracialorpolitical meaningoftheword.Butsincethis isoneoftheverypointswhichmust beproved,hehasnorighttoassume attheoutsetthatithasbeenproved. Hisassumptionisthereforeunwarranted.

Secondly,theword"Israel"asused inScripturehasmanymeanings.In theOldTestament,exceptwhenitis thesacrednameofthePatriarch Jacob,thewordIsraelstandsforthe wholenation,unlessitisexplicitlyor implicitlycontrastedwithJudah.In theNewTestamentitstandsforthe wholenation,fortheoldcontrastbetweenIsraelandJudahhadlongceasedtohaveanypracticalsignificance.

Similiarly,thewordJew,strictly speaking,meansamemberofthe TribeofJudah,butintheNewTestamentthewordisusedinabroader sensetosignifyallrecognisedmembersofIsrael,meaningthewholenation.(St.Johnfrequentlyusesthe wordtodesignatetheScribesand Pharisees:theRulersopposedto Christ.)

NowtheBritishIsraelitescheerfully ignorethevarioussensesinwhichthe wordIsraelisused,andrestrictits meaningtotheTribeswhichcomposed theformerKingdomofIsrael-theTen LostTribes.Itwouldbeinteresting toheartheirexplanationsofthewords toOurLordconcerningtheCenturion: 'AmenIsaytoyou,Ihavenotfound sogreatfaith,noteveninIsrael' (Lukevii.,9);orHisquestionto Nicodemus:"Artthouamasterin Israel,andknowestnotthesethings?"

Johniii.,10.)

Mr.Eastmancalmlyassumesthat theKingdomofGodistobetransferredtoIsrael,meaningtheTenLost Tribes,andthenasks"IftheBritish peoplesarenotIsrael" etc.His questionwillbealittlelesspointless whenhehasprovedthattheBritish peoplesarethedescendantsoftheTen LostTribesand,inparticular,ofthe TribeofEphraim.

WM.R.SWEENEY

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TheTrueIsrael.

Butletustakehisquestionasit stands,apartfromthequiteunwarrantedandunscripturalassumptionsunderlyingit:"TowhatNATIONwasthe KingdomofGodtransferredwhen ChristtookitoverfromtheJews? (Matt.xxi.,43.)

Theansweris:IThatChristdid not,inthetextreferredto,transferthe KingdomofGod.Iledeclaredthat itwouldbetransferredatalaterdate.

i2)TheKingdomofGodwhichinheritsthepromisesmadetoIsrael(in whateversenseoftheterm)isnota nationinthepoliticalorracialmeaningoftheword,buttheChristian Churchembracingallnationalities,irrespectiveoftheirancestry.Thisis theclearteachingoftheBiblewhich theBritishIsraelitesprofesstoaccept initsentirety.

The"seedofAbraham"towhich thepromisesaremade,arenothisdescendantsaccordingtotheflesh,buthis descendantsinfaithandobedience. Scoresoftextscouldbequoted,but thefollowingshouldsuffice:'They (theJews)saidtoHim:Abrahamis ourfather,Jesussaithtothem:Ifyou bethechildrenofAbraham,dothe worksofAbraham."(Johnviii.,39: comparewithcontext,vv.31-59.) Christisthevine.ThosewhodoHis willarethebranches.Thosewhoare unfaithfulshallbecutofffromHim. (Johnxv.,56;etc.).Nodistinction ofraceornationalitywasmentioned byOurLordasaconditionofunion withHim.

WritingtotheGalatians(i.e.,the peopleoftheRomanProvinceofGalatia,includingthepeopleofLystraand Derbe),St.Paulwrote:"Knowye, therefore,thattheywhoareoffaith, thesamearethechildrenofAbraham. AndtheScripture,foreseeingthatGod justifieththeGentilesbyfaith,told untoAbrahambefore:'intheeallnationsshalltieblessedfTherefore theythatareoffaithshallbeblessed withfaithfulAbraham. Foras manyofyouashavebeenbaptisedin Christ,haveputonChrist.Thereis neitherJewnorGreek;thereisneither bondnorfree:thereisneithermaleor female.ForyouarealloneinJesus Christ.AndifyoubeChrist's,then youaretheseedofAbraham,heirsaccordingtothepromise."(Gal.iii.,7-9; 27.29.)

ChristOurLordcommandedHis Apostlesandtheirlawfulsuccessorsto gointothewholeworldandtopreach

theGospeltoeverycreature;toteach allnations,baptisingtheminthename oftheFatherandoftheSonandof theHolyGhost.(Markxxvi.,15-16; Matt.xxviii.,18-20.) Therefore,all thoseofwhatevernationwhoarebaptised,andwhoaccepttheteachingof ChristandfulfilHislaw,arethetrue childrenofAbraham.WithhepastorsappointedbyChrist,theyconstitutetheKingdomofGodonearth whichthechosenpeopleoftheOld Testamentlostthroughtheirrejection ofChrist.

SomuchforMr.Eastman'sfirst question. "WhichistheIsraelNationTo-day?"

(3)IftheBritishpeoplearenotIsraed whichistheIsraelnationto-day?

Hereagain,Mr.Eastmanisguiltyof theassumptionthatthe"Israel"which inheritedthepromisesmadebyGod toHispeopleintheOldTestament,is anationintheracialorpoliticalsense oftheword;inparticular,theTen LostTribesandtheirdescendants.

Butthatassumption,aswaspointed outinanswertohispreviousquestion, isnotonlyunwarranted,butincompatiblewiththeteachingoftheBible.

ThetrueIsrael,the"IsraelofGod," ofwhichSt.Paulspeaks,isnotanationinanyracialorpoliticalsense.It isthe"holynation,"the"purchased people,"theChurchfoundedby Christ,embracingallmenwhoaccept ChristanddoHiswill,irrespectiveof theirancestry. "GodhasstatedinJer.xxxi.,35,that IsraelwouldbeANATIONsolong assun,moon,starsandseaexisted."

God'spromisetofoundanewCovenantwiththehousesofIsraeland JudahasrecordedinJer.ch.xxxi.,was fulfilledbyChristOurLord,andsealed withHisBlood.Itisacovenantwith thetrueIsrael,theChurchofChrist, embracingallnations,andenduring "untiltheconsummationoftheworld."

TheprophecywouldhavebeenfulfilledeveniftherewerenosuchnationastheBritish.

Thewholethesis,therefore,ofthe BritishIsraelitesremainstobeproved. Itremainstobeproved(a)thatthe promisemadetothe"houseofIsrael andtotheHouseofJudah"areunconditional,independentofthefidelityof thesepeopletoGod;(b)thatthe Israelwhichdid,asamatteroffact, inheritthesepromisesistheIsraelof theTenLostTribesandtheirdescendants,andnottheChurchofChrist; (c)(assumingthattheforegoingpoints

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havebeenestablished)thattheBritish peoplesarethelinealdescendantsof theTenLostTribes;inparticular,of theTribeofEphraim.

When,andbyWhom?

Inhis''reply"tomycriticismofthe Movement,Mr.Eastmanwrites:."It wasgiventotheIsrael-Britishraceto preachtheGospeltoallnationsandall menofallracesandallcreeds. Hereboldnessofassertioncoversthe completeabsenceofevidence.When andbywhomwasitgiventothe"Israel-Britishrace"topreachtheGospel? TheNewTestamentshowsclearlyand definitelythatitwasnotgiventothe Britishrace;nortoanyotherrace.It wasgiventotheApostlesandtheir lawfulsuccessors,independentlyof race:"AllpowerisgiventoMein heavenandinearth,'Hesaidtothem. `Going,therefore,teachyeallnations: baptisingtheminthenamesofthe FatherandoftheSonandoftheHoly Ghost.Teachingthemtoobserveall thingswhatsoeverIhavecommanded you.AndbeholdIamwithyouall dayseventotheconsummationofthe world"(Matt.xxviii,18-30;cf.xvi.,1319:xviii,15-18;Markxvi,15-16.1 * *

"WhereistheThroneofDavid?"

(2)IftheBritishpeoplearenotIsrael whereistheThroneofDavid to-day,which,undertheDavidic Covenantwastoendureforever rulingoverIsrael?(II.Sam.vii.,16.)

WhenannouncingtotheBlessedVirginMarythatshewastobethe MotheroftheRedeemer,theArchangelGabrielsaid:"TheLordGod shallgiveuntoHimthethroneof DavidHisfather;andHeshallreign inthehouseofJacobforever.Andof HisKingdomthereshallbenoend." (I,32-3.)

ChristHimselfdeclaredthatHis kingdomwasnotofthisworld,worldly (Johnxviii,36).

ThereforethethroneofDavid,of whichChrististhelawfulandeternal Occupant,isnotthethroneofany worldlykingdom.Itisthethroneof thespiritualIsrael,theKingdomof God,whichisintheworldbutnotof it.ThisKingdomofGodonearth istheChurchfoundedbyChrist. OfEliacimasthefigureofChrist, theProphetIsaiaswrote:"AndIwill laythekeyofthehouseofDavidupon hisshoulder;andheshallopenand noneshallshut;andheshallshutand noneshallopen."AndChristHimself,whoinheritedthethroneofDavid, saidtothechiefofHisApostles: "ThouartPeter,anduponthisrockI willbuildMyChurch.Andthegates ofhellshallnotprevailagainstit.And Iwillgivetotheethekeysofthekingdomofheaven.Andwhatsoeverthou shaltbinduponearthshallbebound alsoinheaven,andwhatsoeverthou shaltlooseuponearth,itshallbeloosedalsoinheaven."(Matt.xvi.,18-19.)

ThekingdomofGodonearth,the spiritualIsrael,overwhichChristrules foreverastheSuccessortothethrone ofDavid,istheChurchwhichChrist founded,andwhichwillendureon earthaslongastheearthitself.

Mr.Eastmannaivelyassumesthat the+throneofDavid.ofwhichthe Scripturesspeakistheworldlythrone ofaworldlykingdomAndthereasks "whereisthethroneofDavidto-day?" Wouldheventuretosuggestthatthe throneofDavid,ofwhichtheOld Testamentpropheciesspeakisthe throneofEngland?Ifsuchbethe case,itwouldbeinterestingtoexaminetheevidence,ifany,whichhe couldbringforwardinsupportofthis view.

PoorZingAlfred!

Somuchforhisthreequestions.I.et usnowexamineoneorotherfeatureof hisallegedreplytomycriticismofthe BritishIsraelMovement.

Inanswertomyqueryconcerning thefoundersoftheMovementnd theircredentials,Mr.Eastmansays that,whiletheBritishIKaelFederationisofrecentorigin,theknowledge thattheBritishpeoplesareIsraelhas beenknownbyourkings,queens, statesmen,churchleaders,armyand navyheads,rightdownthroughour Britishhistory.

Hethenproceedstogivewhathe regardsasproofofthatremarkable statement: "KingAlfred,whenhefoundedthe BritishCoaninonLaw,basediton theDivineLaw,asgiventoIsrael atSinai."

KingAlfredwasaCatholic.Assuch heacceptedtheTenCommandments givenatSinai,andre-promulgatedby ChristOurLord.AllCatholicsdothe same:allChristiansdothesame.But toarguefromthatfactthatAlfred regardedtheBritishpeopleasIsraelin thesensethattheywerethelinealdescendantsoftheTenLostTribes,is blatantnonsense.Thereisnota shredofhistoricalevidenceanywhere toshowthattheideasomuchasen-

teredhishead;muchlessthathe wouldhaveaccepteditastrueifithad occurredtohim.

SirFrancisDrakeandOtherScrip- turalAuthorities.

"SirFrancisDrake,"saysMr.Eastman,wrote:'MayGodbeglorified,HisChurch,ourQueenandcountry preserved,theenemiesoftruthso vanquished,thatwemayhavecontinedpeaceinISRAEL.'"

AssumingthatDrakewrotethat,it remainstobeshownthatheregarded theBritishrealmasIsraelinthesense thattheywerethelinealdescendants oftheTenTribes;inparticularofthe TribeofEphraim,andnotsimplyin thesensethatallChristiansclaimto beIsrael,i.e.,membersoftheKingdomofGodwhichisthetrueIsrael.

Mr.Eastmandoesnotattemptto provethat.Hegoesontogivethe namesofQueenElizabeth,JamesI, Cromwell,QueenVictoria,Edward VII.;ofadmirals,bishops,peers,soldiersandprofessorsasBritishIsraelites.Noattemptismadetoshow thatanyorallofthesepeopleunderstoodthewordIsraelinthesensein whichitisunderstoodbytheBritish Israelites.

StilllessdoesMr.Eastmanoffer theircredentials.Hedoesnotshow thattheywerecommissioned,individuallyorcollectively,topreachthe Gospeltoallnations.Inotherwords, evengrantingtheenormousandquite groundlessassumptionthatallthese peoplewereadherentsoftheBritish IsraelTheory,itwouldremaintobe provedthatthistheorywastrueand that'theywerecommissionedbyGod topreachit.Inbrief,thereisstill nosignofthosecredentialswhichevery reasonablemanhasarighttoexpect beforegivingthemovementserious consideration.

Letusnowexamine Eastman's "proof"thattheBritisharethelineal descendantsoftheLostTribesof Israel.

ANestofAbsurdities.

Whathashappenedtothedescendantsofthemassesofthepeoplewho werecarriedaway?Theycannot havegoneintothinair!No,they havenot,theyhavefulfilledGod's CovenantmadewithIsrael-"And GodsaidtoIsraelIamGodAlmighty;befruitfulandmultiply;a nationandacompanyofnations shallbetothee."(Gen.xxxv.11.)

ThenameBritishcomesfromtwo Hebrewwords,'Berith,'aCovenant, and'ish'apeople,soto-daywefind IsraelknownastheCovenantPeople'sCommonwealthofFreeand EqualNations."

Sothe"proof"thattheBritishpeoplearethelinealdescendantsofroe LostTribesisagratuitousandgroundlessinterpretationofanOldTestament prophecy,andanabsurdverbalquibbleabouttheoriginoftheword"British."Fromthesericl.ltypremises Mr.Eastmandrawsthemomentous butwhollyillogicalconclusion:"SotodaywefindIsraelknownastheCovenantPeoplesCommonwealth. ."

WehavealreadyseenthattheOld Testamentpropheciesare(a)conditionedbythefidelityofthepeopleto God,(b)fulfilledintheChristian Church.

Aglanceatanygooddictionarygivingthederivationoftheword"British"wouldhaveshownIt.`Eastman thathisexplanationofitwasutter nonsense.

Itisinthesamecategoryasthe otherabsurdverbalquibblewhichderivestheword"Saxon"from"Isaac."

Eveniftheywerethetrueexplanationoftheoriginofthewords,they wouldbeaveryprecariousgroundon whichtoprovethattheBritishpeople werethedescendantsoftheTenLost Tribes.HasMr.Eastmaneverheard ofthefallacyknownasfallacyofaccident.

Itwouldbefutileaswellastedious toexaminetheremainderofMr.Eastmansreplyindetail.Throughoutwe findthesamearbitraryinterpretations ofOldTestamentprophecies,witha completedisregardfortheircontext andtheteachingoftherestofScripture;thesameverbalquibbles;the sameillogicalconclusionsfromworthlesspremises.

Farfromansweringmycriticismof theMovement,Mr.Eastman'salleged replymerelyexemplifiesthepointsof mycriticism,

HewarnsmeseveraltimesthatI shallbesorryforwhatIsaidaboutthe Movement.Whetherthatisaprophecy orathreatIdonotknow.ButI shallbesorryforwhatIhavesaid onlywhenMr.Eastmanhasprovedit tobeuntrue.ButtoprovewhatI havesaiduntrue,hewillneedsomethingmoresolidandsatisfactorythan arbitraryinterpretationsofscriptural texts,trivialjugglingwiththemeaningsandderivationsofwords,and obviouslogicalfallacies.

Writingin"America,"FransJ.van Cauwelaert,whoatthetimeofthe NaziinvasionwasSpeakeroftheBelgianHouseofRepresentatives,gives avividpictureofBelgiumto-day"vanquishedperhaps,submissivenever."

THEBelgianArmysurrenderedon themorningofMay28.Its resourceswereexhaustedand allfurtherresistancehadbecomeuseless.TheKing,faithfultohisword giventohissoldiersjustpriortotheir lastsupremeeffort,hadconstituted himselfaprisoner.Belgiumhadfor thesecondtimeinlessthanaquarter ofacentury,fallenundertheruthless regimeofaGermanoccupation.

Thissecondoccupationbeganinfar gloomierconditionsthantheprevious one,anditwasfearedthatitmight completelybreakthespiritofapeople whichhadnotyethadsufficienttime toforgetthesufferingsandterrorsof thefirstWorldWar.TheArmiesof theFuehrerhadareputationofgreater crueltyeventhanthoseoftheKaiser. Theinvasionhadbeenterrifying. Bodiesofwomenandchildren,struck downinprecipitateflight,encumbered theroadswherearmouredmonsters hadsownruin.Intheskies,reddened bycitiesandtownsinflames,planes hadpassedliketornadoes,andthegapingearthhadtrembledundertheimpactoftheirbombs.Inafewdays aprosperous,peace-lovingandhospitablelandhadbeentransformedintoa fieldofdesolation,andwhenthepeople,huddledinthefieldsandcellars,or exhaustedbytheiruselessflight,re-; turnedtotheirhomes,itwasimpossibleforthemtoforgetthegruesome sightswhichhadhauntedthelast weeksofthismonthofMay.

ANationWithoutHope.

Thedisaster,furthermore,wasnot limitedtofrontiers.TheFrenchArmy, inwhichwehadplacedsuchhighhopes, justifiedbymagnificentmemories,disintegratedcompletely.Englandhad givenatDunkirk,beforeleavingthe Continent,anexampleofextraordinary bravery,butnothingledustosuppose thattheirunconquerableheroismwould enablethemtoturnthetideoffortuneintheirfavour.Germany,accordingtoallcalculations,seemeddestined toemergevictoriousfromthiswar, andtostrong-mindedpeopletheonly comfortingthoughtleftwasthewords oftheancientpoet:"Unasalusvictis nullansalutem."('Theonlysalvation fortheconqueredisnottohopeforsalvation.")AttheendofJune,that wasthehopelesssituation.

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KALAMUNDA.

ButUnconquered

Moreover,theGermanswereexploitingtheirstrategicsuccessintheinvadedcountrieswithremarkableability.SincetheriseofHitler,popular psychologyhadbecomefortheReich apoliticalscienceparexcellence.The terroroftheGermanattackswasfollowedbyanoccupyingarmyofsimulatedbutcaptivatingmoderation.The requisitionservicesemptiedtheshops withdisconcertingrapidity,yetallwas donewithorder,withoutbargaining andincash.TheGestapomadeits presencefelt,butonlyitsshadowloomed.Furthermore,noGauleiterwasappointedinBelgium.Germanauthoritywasgiventoamilitarychief,GeneralvonFalkenhausen,andtl-eArmy ofOccupationexercisedpolitenesswith thesamedisciplinewithwhi.:hthey executedalltheirduties.Theadministrativeserviceswerelefttothegeneralsecretariesofthevariousministerialdepartments,whohad,tothisend, beenregularlyprovidedwiththenecessarypowerbytheKingandhisministers,beforetheoccupation.

ThesolicitudeoftheGermansseemedtohavenootherobjectthanthe returnhomeoftheBelgianswho,numberingoneandahalfmillion,hadfound refugeinFrance,therepairofourdevastatedroadsandcanals,andtheeliminationofunemployment.

Littlesurpriseshouldbefeltif, stunnedbythedisintegrationofthe Westernarmies,subjugatedbythe powerwithwhichthedisasteraccomplisheditswork,deceivedtoo,fora moment,bytheunexpectedattitudeof thenewregime,thepeopleatfirstresignedthemselvestothis:ituationwith aresignationthathadbeenunknown intheprecedingoccupation.

Theindustrialists-especiallyinthe heavyindustries-manifestedtheir willingnesstoreturntowork.About 40,000unemployedworkmen,andtheir families,threatenedwiththespectreof hungeriftheydeclinedtheinvitations oftheArmyofOccupation,consented togoandworkinGermany,andwe werepresentatthatdisconcertingand deplorablespectaclewhenthepresidentoftheSocialistParty,Henride Man,withoutwaitingforthetearsof familiesinmourningtodry,proclaimed thefailureofhisparty,andgreeted theGermanArmiesastheharbingers ofabetterregime!

Inordertounderstandthemoralconfusionwhich,inafewweeks,hadswept overtheinvadedcountries,onehadto witnessthefrightfulcatastrophe,which likeatidalwavehadengulfedand sweptawaythepoliticalandsocial structurewhichforsolonghadbeen theprideofwesternEurope.Like FranceandHolland,Belgiumhadnot beenabletoescapethissuddenstupor andthemoralparalysiswhichhad beentheimmediateresult.Butafter thismomentaryweakness,sherealignedherself,andto-daywecanaffirm, beforetheincontestablefactsand proofs,thattheBelgianpeoplehave rediscoveredtheirfaithinafutureof libertyandindependence,andthattodaytheypresentasolidfrontintheir unanimouswilltoresistGermanconquestandoppression.

BelgiumRisesAgain.

Thisreawakeningofthenational spirithasbeenenormouslyencouraged bytheimmortalexampleofheroism displayedbyEnglandatthemoment whendefeatseemedinevitable.The brilliantvictorieswonbytheBritish andGreekArmiesduringrecent months,thenewsofwhichfindsitsway totheBelgianpeoplebymeansofsecretradios,haveactedlikeatonicto theirconfidence.Butthetrialsof centurieshavealsogiventothespirit ofthepeopleatremendouspowerofendurance,thecapacityforwhichthe Germanshavelearnedforthefirsttime.

Forthreecenturies,theBelgianprovinceshadknownforeigndomination, firstSpanish,thenAustrian,then French.Suchdominationhad-the firsttwoatleast-legitimateappearancesthattheGermanoccupationdoes notpossessintheslightestdegree.The othersdidnotattackdirectlytheroots ofourspirituallife,asdotheNazis, andyetnoneoftheseforeignpowers wasabletobreakthespiritofindependence,whichoneveryfavourable occasion,spurredintoactionthewillof ourpeople.EventheunionwithHolland,inspiteofitsundoubtedeconomicadvantages,wasincompatiblewith thisdesireforliberty,forHollandhad offendedtheBelgianpeopleintheirreligiousfeelingsandintheirtraditions.

Sincethen,Belgiumhasexperienced

acenturyofprogress,prosperity,and internalpeace.Duringfourdifficult yearssheshowedtheGermansduring thelastWorldWarthatshewasnot preparedtorenouncetheresultsofa century'sefforts.Sheislessprepared todosoto-day,forshehasneverforgottenthepreciousbloodgivenbyher sonsonthebanksoftheYser,inorder thattheircountrymightrecoverher liberty.Sheknowsthatunderneath thehypocriticalappearancesofitsinitialmoderation,theFuehrer'sarmies canbringonlyhumiliation,subjection, spoliationandmoralruin.

Thereawakeningofthesoulofthe Belgianpeople,andtheirwilltoresist, manifeststhemselvesdailyinactsof sabotage,whichcontinueinthefactoriesandvitalcommunications,despite theextremepenalties,collectiveandin-

dividual,whichareimposedbytheGermans.Theyarerevealedintheattitudeofindifferenceormarkedhostility,withwhichthepeoplerespondto thecalculatedpolitenessoftheGermans;bytheirwilfulnegligencesinobservingnew,regulations,bytheirrepugnanceforthenewspapers,which, underformernamesofpopulardailies, arepublishedbythegraceoftheoccupyingarmies,byGermanagents,or byservilegentlemenoftheyellow press;bysympathywiththesuccess oftheR,A.F.despitetheinevitable damagecausedtoprivateproperty,and lastlybytheconstantcirculationofthe patrioticclandestinepress,ofwhich "LaLibreBelgique"isthemostfarm ous.

Itwouldbetedioustomentioninthis articlethemultitudeofdetailsregardingtheseactsofintransigence.The Americannewspapers,wellinformedas theyare,havegiveninnumerableexamples,andcontinuetogivenewones everyday.Theiraccuracymaybe verifiedbythosenewspaperswhicharriveoccasionallyfromBelgium,containingaccountsofpunishmentsmeted outasanexample,andbythealarmed admonitionstothepublic,thusbetrayingthestateofuneasinessinwhich

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THERE'SALOAFOFQUALITY

theGermansarecondemnedtolivein Belgium.

AttitudeoftheFlemings. Patriotic"incidents"werethecause ofnumerousarrests,andsentencesas severeasfiveyears'imprisonmentwere imposed.Allthisproveshowstrongly thepassionforindependencelivesin theheartsoftheBelgianpeople,and theGermansmaybecertainthatit willnotweaken,inspiteoftheconstantlyincreasingsufferingsandthe penaltiesimposed.Resistancetothe newordershowsitselfalsointheobstinatelypassiveattitudeobservedin administrativecircles,andofwhichthe Kinghimselfshowedtheexample,One mighthavefeared,atonetime,thatthe totaloccupationofBelgiumwouldhave beenfollowedbytheformationofa newGovernment,orofapoliticaldirectorshipwhichwouldhaveamounted tothesamething.Itis,moreover, quiteclearthatthiswasthewishof theGermans,andthepresenceofthe Kinginoccupiedterritory,thetemporaryparalysisofourconstitutionalgovernment(thevictimofFrenchhospitality),theappealstopublicopinion likethatoftheSocialistleaderHenri deMan,andtheselfishinterestsofcertaincapitalists,mighthavegivensome chanceofsuccesstothewishofthe Germans.ButtheKingremainedfirm inhisrefusaltotakeanypartinpoli tics,andpublicopiniondiscouraged thosewhoapparentlydesiredkeenly toestablishthemselvesinpowerunlawfullywiththeconsentofthepaid"protectors"thatGermanysentus.

Sofar,thankGod,wehavenoQuisling,andifLeonDegrelle,creatorof theRexiste1Fascist)movement,tired ofatoolengthysilence,appearstohave takenupagainhiscampaignasanagitator,heenjoysnoprestigeandnoauthorityinBelgium.

Thosereaderswhoarewellinformed ofeventsinBelgium,willwonderif,the attitudeoftheFlemishpartyisasclear asthatoftheWalloonparty,andifthe Germanshavenotattemptedtoprovokeamovementofsympathisersin Flanders,similartotheFlemishextremistmovementoftheotherwar. Theydonotappeartohavedeveloped anysuchactionasvet.Theyhave insistedontherehabilitationoftheir oldfriends:theyhaveemphasisedthe applicationoflanguagelawsinfavour oftheFlemistpopulationinthecapital;theyhaveshowntheiradministrativeappointmentsacertainpreferenceforpersonalitiesofFlemishnationalisttendences,buttheyhavenotas vettakenanymeasureswhichmight destroytheunityoftheBelgiannation, astheydidsodrasticallyinthelast war.

Itwould,ofcourse,benaivetosee inallthisanyreassuranceastothe Reich'sultimateintentionstowards Belgium.Intheirplans,thereisno placeforanindependentBelgium,but theydesireapparentlytobegintheir conquestwithaneconomicratherthan amoralunion.Furthermore,the equalityoflanguagewhichhastaken placesincethelastwar,hasdeprived themofafacilepropagandaplatform.

PossibleNaziIntentions.

Incertainpro-GermancirclesinHollandandFlanders,somemembersof theDutchBlackFront,formerFlemish "activists"orpartisansofaGreatHolland,wouldliketocreateamovement infavouroftheunionoftheBelgian FlemishprovinceswithHolland.On theotherhand,theGermanshave broughttheFrenchDepartmentsof thePasdeCalaisandoftheNorth, undertheiradministrationinBrussels, andinsistpubliclyontheadvantages ofacloseeconomicunionbetween NorthernFrance,BelgiumandHoland.

Itseemspremature,however,todraw definiteconclusionsfromallthis,regardingthescopeandrealaimoftheir territorialprojects.

SomeFlemishNationalistleaders, whohadgivenevidenceduringrecent yearsthatthetotalitariandoctrines acrosstheRhineweremoreprecious tothemthanthemoralandcultural rebirthoftheirpeople,arealreadyendeavouringtopreparethewayforthe Germanisationofourpublicandprivateliberties,butthegreatmajorityof theFlemishpeopleremainfirmintheir oppositiontotheinvader,andareunitedwiththeirWalloonbrothersinthe samedevotiontotheCrownandtoour civilliberties.TogetherwiththeDutch people,theyconstituteacontinued frontofresistance,andintheirreligiousconvictionstheywillfindapowerfulmotivetostrengthentheirpatriotismandperseverance.

Painfulrealitieseachdayforcethe peopletorealise,withincreasingdismay,thefrightfulmisfortunethathas overtakenourcountrywiththeunleashingofGermanviolence.Thenationhasbeenemptiedofitseconomic strength;ourfoodreserveshavebeen pillaged;ourpublicfinancesarerapidlygoingtoruin;andtheArmyofOccupation,insatiableinitself,hasbeen doubledbyparasitichordesofGer

manswho,fleeingfromthecitiesand industrialcentresoftheRhineland, hopetofindinBelgiumgreatersecurityandaneasierlife.Theso-called cashpaymentshaveturnedouttobe nothingbutagiganticswindle.The Germansarecirculatingartificialmoney inBelgium,createdexclusivelyforthis purpose,andournationalbankmust absorbitendlesslyasandwhenitis offeredatitswindows.Thisissuance ofartificialcurrencyhasalreadyreachedalmostfourbillionfrancs,andthe circulationofbanknotesissuedunder thedirectresponsibilityoftheBanque NationaledeBelgiquehasalready reachedmorethanthirty-onebillion, thatistosay,almosttenbillionfrancs morethanbeforethewar.

ShamelessBlackmail.

Thecountrymustbearthecostof anoccupationwhichconsiderablyexceedsthelimitsprovidedbytheHague Conventions,andasthefiscalrevenue isconsiderablyreducedbecauseofthe war,theonlymeansofmeetingitisto multiplyshorttermloans,whichreturninduecourse,bymediumofthe banks,tothebankofissue.Inthree months,sinceJune30untilSeptember 30theshortterm,debt-thatis,notexceedingoneyear-hasincreasedby 4,700millionfrancsandtheBanque Nationalealonemustabsorbmorethan 3,500millionofthatsum. Spacepreventsmefromdelvingmore thoroughlyintothefoodproblem,and intotheproblemofhealth,soclosely alliedtoit.Moreover,Iwishtoremainalooffromcertaininternaldifficultieswhichtheproblemseemsto raiseinAmerica.Icontentmyself withemphasisingenpassanttheseriousnessofthisproblem,recommending ittothesolicitudeandcharityofthe authoritiesinthiscountry.

TheBelgianpeopledo,notlosesight ofthefactthattheyowetheirmisfortuneandtheirunhappinesstotheGermansonlyandthisknowledge strengthenstheirresistance.Butphysicalnecessitiesareimperative.They aresometimesatremendoustemptation,andtheGermansknowit.Hungerisalreadytheirprincipalrecruiting agentofemploymentintheoccupied regions;theyseekalso,byshameless blackmail,tomakeofitaninstrument ofpoliticalservitude.Ifitwerepossibletobringtoourpeopleatangible proofthatAmericangenerosityisaware oftheirunbelievableunhappiness,they wouldfindinthisaconsolationandbe tremendouslyencouraged. Apeople which,twice,insoshortatime,has sacrificeditspropertyanditsbloodto befaithfultothelawsofinternational honour,hastherighttolive.Ihave everyconfidencethattheiranxiety, whichIecho,willnotleaveourEnglish alliesnorourAmericanfriendsindifferenttotheirplight.

"VanquishedPerhaps,Submissive Never."

IntheforegoingIhavebeenableto giveanincompleteresumeofthesituationinBelgiumundertheGermanoccupation.Ihavenotdescribedher ruin.Ihavenotgoneintothequestionofherdead.Ihavebeenableto makeyoumerelyguessathersufferings.Butunderneaththeashes, wroughtbycruelhands,apatrioticfire hasbeenkindledandhenceforthwill remainalight.Belgiumisagainfull ofhope.Sheisunitedin,,,hrrresistance.Shewillneverabdrate.She awaitsimpatientlythereturnofthe smallbutvalianttroopofherchildren, whointheskiesofEnglandandonthe soilofAfrica,continuethefightcourageously,armsinhand,andwhenthe chainsfallsshewillbefoundjustas proudandasstraightasever."Vanquishedperhaps,submissivenever." Thisphrase,flungattheinvaderin August,1914,byCountCharlesdeBroqueville,thenPrimeMinisterofBelgium,remainsto-daythesloganofOccupied,butunconquered,Belgium.

RANDOLPHKNAPP

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OURANCESTORSTHEAPES

The"ShortHistoryoftheWorld"is amostreadablelittlebookandhas manyliteraryqualitiestorecommendit.Theproseisstrongand vivid,andMr.Wellshasaflairfor condensingmuchmaterialintoclear andsimpleEnglish.Itisapitythat theworkismarredbycertainobvious defects.Imaginationisunquestionablyadesirablequalityinanywriting,butinthewritingofhistory, wheretheauthormustattimesventureintotherealmsofphilosophy,an uncriticalimaginationcaneasilyengenderthemostextraordinaryerrors. Moreover,toapproachhisworkwith unreasonedprejudicesisunpardonable inanhistorian.Mr.Wellsdislikes Christianityingeneral,andtheCatholicChurchinparticular.Hesimplydoesnotunderstandit.

(MostofyouhavereadquiterecentlyinthepaperhowheurgedtheGov-

1111111.1H1.1111HOWSH1111.1111111111.MW111111111114111111111M

ernmenttobombSt.Peter's,thePapal quarters,andother'Militaryobjectives" inVaticanCity.)

ThefirstXI.chaptersmaybedividedmostconvenientlyforthesakeof thisdiscussionintothreesections:

Section1:Dealingwiththeorigin oftheinorganicworld;

Section2:Dealingwiththeoriginof lifeandthedevelopmentoforganic matter;

AndSection.3:Dealingwiththeoriginofman. Hypothesis.

BeforediscussinganyoftheseproblemsIwouldremindyouoftheusual scientificmethodsofapproachtoa questionwhichisthemethodbyhypothesis.

Acertainnumberoffactsareobservedwhichappeartobeinterrelatedinsomeway.Thescientist proposesatheorywhichheconsiders themostprobableexplanationofthis phenomenon.Inotherwords,he makesaguessor,asitiscalledin science,anhypothesis.(Muchconfusionwouldbeavoidedifscientists alwayscalleditaguess.)Thehypothesisisthentestedbyexperiment. Eachnewfactwhichfitsintothe schemestrengthensthehypothesis; onesoliduncontestedfactwhichabsolutelycontradictsitisfatal.Itis obviousthenthathypothesesrange fromthe"merelypossible"tothe"very probable."Sometimes atheory reachessuchahighdegreeofprobabilitythatnointelligentpersoncould doubtit,thenitisconsideredproved scientifically.

Nowallthethingswhichmakeup thescientificaccountoforigins-the theoriesofhowtheworldwasformed, howlifebegan,howspeciesevolved, theoriesconcerningman'sorigin-are allhypotheses,somepossible,some probable-noneofthemproved.

SectionI:FormationoftheWorld.

Bearingthisinmind,weturntothe firstproblem-howwastheworld formed?

FarOMinspaceourpowerfulmoderntelescopesrevealgreatmassesof whirlingincandescentgases,notunlikemightyconvexlensesinshape, whichwecallspiralnebulae.These nebulaethrowoutgreatspiralarms alongwhichpointsofcondensation occurandultimatelyproducestars.It iscalculatedthatthereisenoughmatterinoneofthesenebulaetoproduce thousandsofmillionsofstars.Scientistssuggestthatoursunwasoriginallyformedinthisway,butthey considernowthatthesolarsystem musthavebeenformedinadifferent fashion.Themostpopulartheory supposesthatatsometimeinthesun's historyanotherstarcamecloseenough toraiseagreattideonitssurfaceand eventuallytodrawoutagreatcigarshapedfilament(orpossiblytwo).Centresofcondensationsetupinthefilamentandgaverisetotheplanets.The sateliteswerethrownoffwhileplanets werestillinamoltenstate.The theorywhichMr.Wellsgivestoexplain theformationofthesolarsystemisout ofdate.

Itisimportanttonotethatthese theoriespresupposetheexistenceof matterandsoleavethequestionofits originuntouched.Thesuggestion madebyMr.WellsinchapterI,that theuniversemayhaveexistedforendlesstime,doesnotdisposeofcreation. Butthatisaphilosophicalquestion thatisoutsidethescopeofthispaper. Asamatteroffactthestudyof energywouldcompelustopostulate adefinitebeginningoftheuniverse"in time.'Thelengthoftimewhichscientistssaywasrequiredforthisdevelopmenttotakeplaceneednot

worrytheCatholicstudent,becausethe daysreferredtointheBiblicalaccountoforiginsmaybeunderstoodas periodsoftime.

Lite.

Nowwecometoamoreimportant question.Whatwastheoriginoflife onthisplanet?Tothissciencehas atpresentnoanswer.Anyscientist whoassumesthatlifearoseaccording tonaturallawsfromnon-livingmatter doessoonfaith,notonscientificevidence.J.\V.Sullivan,themathematician,sumsuptheirattitudein hisbook,"TheLimitationsofScience." "Carefulexperiments,notablythoseof Pasteur,showedthatthisconclusion (thatlifearosespontaneously)wasdue toimperfectobservation,anditbecameanaccepteddoctrinethatlife neverarisesexceptfromlife.Sofar asactualevidencegoes,thisisstillthe onlypossibleconclusion.Butsince itisaconclusionthatseemstolead backtosomesupernaturalcreative act,itisaconclusionthatscientific menfindverydifficultofacceptance. Itcarrieswithitwhatarefelttobe undesirablephilosophicimplications, anditisopposedtothescientificdesireforcontinuity.Itintroducesan unaccountablebreakinthechainof causation,andthereforecannotbeadmittedaspartofscienceunlessitis quiteimpossibletorejectit.Forthat reasonmostscientificmenpreferto believethatlifearose,insomeway notyetunderstood,frominorganic matterinaccordancewiththelawsof physicsandchemistry.' Lifearosetheysayfromarandom combinationofatomsunderconditions thatcannolongerbereproduced.The conclusionhasnoscientificsupport, andisrejectedbymanyforphilosophicalreasons. Therearesomewhobelievethatlife mayhavearisenbyvirtueoflatent powersimplantedinmatteratitsbeginningbytheCreator.Thiswasthe viewofmanyoftheFathersand scholastics.Itisapossiblehypothesis.

ThenMr.Wells:"Nolifeseemsto havehappenedsuddenlyuponearth. Lifegrewandgrows.Agebyage throughgulfsoftimeatwhichimaginationreels,lifehasbeengrowing fromamerestirringintheintestidal shrinetowardsfreedom,powerand consciousness.'(!)

NothingisimpossibletoMr.Wells,if yougivehimplentyoftime.

Thisstrangeidearunsthroughall theevolutionisttreatmentoforigins, thatdifficultyisavoidedandexplainedmerelybydwellingontheslowness oftheprocess.

G.K.Chestertonwritesofthisillusionin"TheEverlastingMan": "Slownesshasreallynothingtodo withthequestion.Aneventisnot anymoreintrinsicallyintelligibleor unintelligiblebecauseofthepaceat whichitmoves.Foramanwhodoes notbelieveinamiracle,aslowmiracle isjustasincredibleasaswiftone.The Greekwitchmayhaveturnedsailors intoswinewithastrokeofthewand. Buttoseeanavalgentlemanofour acquaintancelookingalittlemorelike apigeverydaytillheendedupwith fourtrottersandacurlytail,would notbeanymoresoothing.The medievalwizardmayhaveflown throughtheairfromthetopofa tower;buttoseeanoldgentleman walkingthroughtheairinaleisurely mannerwouldstillseemtocallfor someexplanation." (Thislecture,whichwasdelivered atameetingoftheNewmanSociety onTuesdayevening,willbeconcluded inournextissue.)

TIMEWILLDECIDE.

Inthecourseoftimeallthingsare decided. Forinstance,thereisthe No.94CharitiesConsultationinwhich thereisafirstprizeof£6,000.The destinationofthiswillsoonhedecided,sohurryupandgetyourtickets. Itmightbeyourturntowin,andyou cannotwinifyou'renotin.

1941PROGRAMME

1.LECTUREMEETINGS.

TheSocietymeetsonthefirst Tuesdayofeachmonthinthe Refectory,atCrawley. Thelecturersareasfollows:--

FirstTuesdayinJune: Rev.FatherH.Lalor.

FirstTuesdayinJuly: Mr.PaulBrennan,B.A. FirstTuesdayinAugust

Mr.ClemO'Sullivan,LL.B.

FirstTuesdayinSeptember: Rev.FatherE.McBride. Discussionfollowseverylecture andstudentdifficultiesareeager lyrequested.

2.DISCUSSIONANDSTUDY GROUPS. Therearetwogroupswhich meetregularly.Themen's groupisconductedbytheRev. FatherMcBride(38Kitcheneravenue,Bayswater.M1414),and thewomen'sgroupbytheRev. FatherK.Slowey(2McNeillstreet,Cottesloe.F2411). Studentsmayjointhose groupsanytimeduringtheyear. Fullparticularsofwhereand whentheymeetmaybehadat anyofthemonthlymeetingsor directlyfromthepriestincharge ofthegroups.

S.ENCLOSEDWEEK-END RETREATS. Thisyear,asinformeryears, therewillbeanenclosedweekendRetreatformenattheMonastery,NorthPerth,andatLoretoConvent,Swanbournefor women.BothwillbeheldduringSeptember.Graduatesand professionalmembersarerequestedtoparticipateinthese Retreats.

4.ANEWMANDINNER.

4.TherewillbenoNewman Ballthisyear,butaNewman Dinner-Dancewillbeheldinthe Refectorytowardstheendofthe year. Supperandashortdancewill followthemonthlylecture-meetings.

5.MEMBERSHIP.

1.AllCatholicundergraduates attheUniversity.

2.AllCatholicgraduates.

3.Studentsandmembersof theprofessionsofLaw,Medicine, Dentistry,Engineering,and Teaching.

SHANGHAIUNIVERSITYINDANGERTHROUGHCOLLAPSE.

TheexistenceoftheCatholicUniversityofShanghaiisthreatenedby France'sbreakdown,saysVatican Radio.Theuniversityismaintained byFrenchJesuits.ManyRussian refugeesareamongthe1,600undergraduates.

"Haveyoucaughttheburglaryet?"

"No,"repliedthevillageconstable, confidentially,'butI'vegothimso scaredthathedoesn'tdareshowhimselfwhenI'mabout."

Atypical"reconstruction"attempt fromaPopularEducatorofthe JavaMan,theDawnMan,andthe PekingMan,inassociationwith aChimpanzee.

WORLDSODALITY SECRETARIATELAUDS AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT

InaconcisereviewoftheSodality movementthroughouttheworld, "PrimaPrimaria,"worldSodalitysecretariateinRome,inconnectionwith WorldSodalityDay,May11,stresses thedevelopmentoftheSodalityinthe UnitedStates.

AfterpointingoutthattheSodality wasbornin1563andcanonicallyerectedin1584,thereviewdirectsattention to67,117"branches'throughoutthe world,ofwhich12,007areintheUnited States.

"IntheUnitedStatesofAmerica," thereviewcontinues,"theSodalities havemountedinsidethepast25years from5,000tomorethan12,000,thedevelopmenthavingbeenextraordinary inthepast10yearsundertheimpulse of'TheQueen's\Vork,'nationalsecretariate,directedbyFatherDanielA. Lord,S.J.TheoutstandingproportionstheSodalitymovementhasassumedintheUnitedStateswaspaid tributetobyHisHolinessPiusXIIin hisexpressnamingforpraiseoftheSodalityinhisencyclical,'SertumLa.etitiae;addressedtotheAmericanhierarchy."

Thereviewrefersto83Sodalists saintsorblesseds,including44martyrs. TheSodalistsaintslistedincludeSt. FrancisdeSales,St.VincentdePaul, St.TeresaofLiseux,St.Bernadette Soubirous,andSt.CamillusdeLellis.

AtthesuggestionoftheInstitute ofSocialOrder,Sodalistsareurgedto includeintheirWorldSodalityDay programmethefiftiethanniversaryof thegreatEncyclical,"RerunsNovarum"andthetenthof"Quadregesirno Anno."

"InasmuchasthesetwogreatsocialdocumentshavebeentheinspirationforasubstantialpartoftheSodalityprogrammeandthesourceof numerouspracticalsocialprojects,such ascreditunionsandco-operatives.the SodalitieswillwelcometheideaofgivingtheanniversariesoftheEncyclicals specialemphasis,"abulletinadds,

Toclarifyanymisunderstandingas totheplenaryindulgencethatmaybe gained,"TheQueen'sWork"hasis suedthefollowingstatement:"Last year,HisHoliness,PopePiusXII grantedaplenaryindulgence,tobe validforsevenyears,fortheproperobservanceofWorldSodalityDay,providingtheexpressconsentoftheordinaryofthediocesebeobtained.The indulgencemaybegainedbythose whoareSodalists,providedtheyreceivethesacramentsofpenanceand Communion,attendthespecialWorld SodalityDaymeeting,solemnlyrenew theactofconsecrationtotheBlessed Virgin,andprayfortheintentionof theSupremePontiff."

HeadoftheRiver

YesterdayScotchCollegewonthe postponedHeadoftheRiverrace,defeatingHaleSchoolbythree-quarters ofalength.Twoandahalf-lengths behindHaleSchoolcameGuildford GrammarSchool,doingparticularly wellinapracticeboat.AquinasCollegewasninelengthsbacklast.

Otherresultswere:

SecondEights(rowedonSaturday): Hale,1;Scotch,2;Aquinas,3.

FirstFours:Scotch,1;Guildford,2: Hale,3;Aquinas,4.

SecondFours(rowedonFriday): ScotchNo.1andScotchNo.2,deadheat,1;Aquinas,3;HaleNo.1,4; HaleNo.2,5;Guildford,6.

HOWBIGOTRYHELPED HITLER

ONEOFTHE"IFS"OFHISTORY.

IFHeinrichBruening,Chancellorof GermanyfromMay,1930,toMay, 1932,hadnotbeenopposedbecausehewasaCatholic,wouldthe presentconflictbenowraginginEurope?Thisquestioniscertaintobe. comeoneofthemajorIFSinhistorywhenfuturewritersexaminethe causesandeffectsofthispresentwar.

For,longbeforethestop-HitlerblocthoughtofforminginEurope,HeinrichBruening,ChancellorofGermany atthetime,daredtotaketheNazi BrownShirtsoffthestreets.Forthis theyneverforgavehim,andhemanagedtoescapethebloodypurgeof 1934onlybydiszoisinghimselfand slippingacrosstheDutchborder.

Later,hewenttotheUnitedStates, andatthepresenttimeisteachingat Harvard BrueningUniversity.Incidentally, hadabrother,apriest,who wasprominentineducationalcirclesin Americauntilhisdeath.

BecomesChancellor.

Bruening,amachine-gunnerduring thewar(hewasdecoratedthreetimes forbravery),enteredpoliticsasaCatholictradeunionofficial.Hegradu- allyworkedhiswayuppolitically untilhebecameheadoftheCatholic CentreParty.Heheldthisposition inMay,1930,whenHindenburgsummonedhimtotheChancellorshipof theGermanReich.

Letusexaminethisman'squalifica- tionsandtrainingforhisnewtask. BorninMunster,capitalofthePrussianprovinceofWestphalia,theminingdistrictofGermany,heearlybecameinterestedintradesunionsand setabout,evenasayoungman,to trytoimprovethelivingconditionsof theminers.

Thenfollowedanintensecourseof academicstudywhichcarriedhim throughthreeuniversities,Strasbourg, Munich,Bonn,withspecialworkinhistory,politicalsciencesandphilosophy. Hefollowedthiswithtwoyearsof studyinFranceandEngland.

Hindenburg'sremark,'IsthatanotherCatholic?"whenBruening's namewashandedtohim,isasignificantkeytothecauseofthelatter's downfall,andmaycomeintimetobe regardedasindicativeofaprejudice thatchangedthecourseofhistory.

RamsayMacDonald'sOpinion.

ItwasBruening,rotHitler,who firstinspiredtrustinGermany'sofficialdealingswithothernations,and ledtoGermany'sreturntoparticipation inworldaffairs.JamesJ.Walker, formerMayorofNewYork,toldin "Liberty"magazineofseeingapicture ofBrueningonRamsayMacDonald's deskit1331.MacDonaldatthetime MOM

Baths,BathHeaters,andrepairstoaL Stoves.W.A.

C106,

wasPrimeMinisterofGreatBritain. In,answertoMacDonald'sinquiryas towhathethoughtofBruening,whom hehadjustvisited,Walkerreplied: "1wasdeeplyimpressed.Sound, thorough,sincere,andhighlyintelligent.Amanwhoapparentlyknows hisjob,butverymodestandquiet.-

"That'sjustwhatIthinkofhim," saidMacDonald,"andIdon'tmindtellingyouwe'regoingtohelphim."

ItwasBrueningwholaidthefoundationforthere-birthofthepresent 11110111111111111111111111111111111111111111181111111111111111111111111111111111

4111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111.11111111111111111111111111

GermanReich,onlytoseeitsnatched fromunderhisquietbutcapablehands byanAustriancorporalwhosubstitutedshowmanshipforstatesmanship.

JohnGunther,writingofBruening inhis"InsideEurope,"says:"Hewas themostenlightenedandcivilised statesmanthatmodernGermanyhas produced.Hewasamachine-gunner duringthewar;heenteredpoliticsas aCatholiclabour-unionexecutive.Even oldJunkerslikeOldenburg-Januschau hadtocallhimthe'bestsinceBismarck.'" Hindenburgcouldfindnofaultwith Bruening'sachievements,forinless thantwoyears'timehehadledGermanybackintothefamilyofnations.

ShabbyTreatment.

Ludwigreportsaconversationwhich tookplaceinDecember,1931,between Hindenburgandoneofhiscronies:

'YouareanEastPrussiananda Protestant.WhatdoyouthinkofmyChancellor?"askedtheoldman.

Thevisitorrepliedthathehadthe bestpossibleopinionofBruening.

"Yes,"rejoinedHindenburg,"within afewmonthshewillhaveachievedremarkablesuccesses:hewillhavefreed usfromtheburdenofreparations, securedforusotherprivileges,obtainedforGermanyequalrightamongthe nations.Butisallthistogodownin historyastheworkoftheRomanCatholicleaderoftheCentreParty?"

Rathershabbyconsiderationfora manwhohadaccomplishedsucha formidablelistofachievements.But aninsight,atoncedreadfulandincredible,intothedepthsoftheroots ofthatindefinablescourge,religious bigotry.

IfHindenburg'spatriotismhadoutweighedhisin-bornbigotry,wouldthe presentconflicthavebeenavoided?

IfHindenburg'senvyofthesuccessof the"RomanCatholicleaderofthe CentreParty"hadnotcausedhimto forsakeBrueningatthemomentwhen hisChancellorhadHitlerismonitsway out,wouldthelonglineofhospital trains,carryingtheirwrecksofhuman bodies,hepullingintothecapitalsof Europe'sleadingcountriesto-day?

AfterBrueninghadbarredtheNazi 'gownShirtsfromappearingintheir uniformsonGermany'sstreets,Hitler's politicalpartysufferedasharpdecline inpopularity.Atelectionsheld shortlyaftertheorderfordissolution wasissued,Hitler'spartyvoteshowedasmuchasafifteenpercent.drop insomeinstancesoverthevotescast inthepreviouselection.Theaverage dropoverallGermanywastwelveper cent.

Bruening'sAims.

BrueningsuppressedHitler'sStorm Troopsonthegroundthatthereshould benotroopsinGermanybutthoseof theOfficialGermanArmy.TheCabinetcongratulatedBrueningforhisdaringtoactinthecrisis.Butwhat aboutHindenburg?Whetherthrough fearoftheeffectofBruening'sactor envyofhisChancellor'scourage,the Germanpresident,insteadoftendering thanks,demandedhisresignation. Couldheonlyhaveseenwhatwasin storeforhimselfwithinthespaceof oneshortyear!

1)onotimaginethatBreuning'saims forastrongGermanywereonebitless ferventthanHitler's.Theonlydifferencewastheirmeansofattaining, them.TheworldknowsHitler'smethod.Bruening'swerethoseofagreat patrioticstatesman.Bruening's,like theslowbuildingofamightyfortress, werelessspectacular,but,unlessall historylies,theonlymethodthatoffers anyhopeforanaoduringfuture.

HEINRICHBRUENING.

NothingbetterillustratesBruening's sterlingcharacterthanhislastinterviewwithPresidentHindenburg.

Ludwig,inhis"Hindenburg,"reports thisscene:

"WhenBrueningentered,President Hindenburgdidnotutterasingleword ofthanks,butmerelysaid:

"

Imustdismissyouforthesakeof mynameandhonour.'

"Brueningquietlyanswered,'Ialso haveanameandanhonourtodefend inhistory.'Silence.Throughthe openwindowscamethestrainsofthe approachingbandofthemarines.

"`Ishouldlike,allthesame,tohook afingerinyourbeltsothatyoucould stayonasMinisterforForeignAffairs.'

"Brueningrejoined:'IamnotaBethmann-Hollweg.IfIregardapolicy asmistaken,Iwillhavenothingtodo withit.Ihopeyournewadviserswill notleadyouintocourseswhichwill involveabreachoftheconstitution.'

"Theoldmandrewhimselfupstiffly.Noonehadeverventuredtouse suchwordstohim.Oncemore,however,hewasrescuedbythemarching band.Someoneknockedatthedoor.

ThePresidentwassummonedtothe frontstaircase.

'Hestoodthereasifhewerehisown ghost,salutingthebannerofthewar hehadlost.Thenheturnedbackinto thepalace."

InlessthanayearAdolfHitlerwas Chancellor;Hindenburg,himself,was shuntedaside,andademocraticGermanyslowlyexpired.

SOUNDFILMOFTHEMASS

Theworldpremiereofthefirstsound movieoftheMasstookplaceatthe ChicagoCivicOperaonMarch31.. Rev.JamesR.Keane,0.S.M.,founderofthePerpetualNovena,whoinitiatedtheproject,hastheleading roleinthefilmascelebrantofthe Mass. RightRev.Mgr.FultonJ. Sheen,D.D.,thewell-knownpulpit oratorandradiospeaker,isfeatur.-n inthepictureasnarrator.

Mgr.SheentellseffectivelyandpowerfullythehistoryoftheHolySacrifice,thetraditionsandsignificanceof thevestmentsandsacredvessels,and themeaningandoriginoftheaacient signsandprayersusedbythecelebrant andhisassistants.

TheMostReverendSamuelA. Stritch,D.D.,ArchbishopofChicago, appearsinthesound-movietogivehis fullapprovaltothisdramatic tationoftheMass."Ifullyapprove thisdramaticpresentationoftheSolemnMass.Mayitbringsoursto God,"saidArchbishopStritcF

Thislongawaitedten-reelsoundmovieoftheEasterMass,whichwas almosttwoyearsbeforethec.unera andinrecording,hasbeenacclaimed foritssacedbeautybyleadingmembersoftheCatholicclergy.

Thesound-movie,whichrunsan hourandforty-fiveminutes,waspro- ducedunderthesupervisionofthe PerpetualNovenainhonourofOur SorrowfulMother.Withfewexceptions,allscenesinthe,.picturewere takeninOurLadyofMirrorsChurch, Chicago,shrineofthePerpetualNovena.Morethan1,500novenitesappearas"extras"intheproduction.

"Nothinglikethishasbeendonebefore,"saidFatherCalkins."This sound-movietakesasacredsubject thatisasfamiliarasanythingpossibly couldbetoaCatholicandpresents itinanutterlynewlight.Allthe powerfulbeauty,thesweetsanctity, theheavenlysignificanceoftheHoly Sacrificethatissomuchanintegral partoftheCatholiclifehasbeenmagicallycaughtbythecameraandthe soundtrack."

ThecastalsoincludesFathersHugh andFrankCalkins,O.S.M. MusicoftheMass,bothvocaland instrumental,wasundertheexpert batonofRev.EdwinV.Hoover,musicaldirectoroftheChicagoArchdiocese. Itwassound-trackedbymembersof theworld-famousChicagoSymphony Orchestra,thechoirfromtheHoly NameCathedralandseminariansfrom theSt.MaryoftheLakeSeminary, Mundelein,Ill.

StreamsthatPolluteArtandLiterature

NOYESPROTESTSINCANADA.

Inabitterattackagainstthe"wickedtrendofliteratureduringthe pasttwenty-fiveyears,'AlfredNoyes, notedEnglishpoetandwriter,and converttotheChurch,chargedH.G. Wellsandhiscliquewithspreading "absolutelies"intheUnitedStatesrecently.

NoyeswasspeakingtotheOttawa CommitteeluncheonoftheNational CouncilofEducation.

"WhenMr.WellspreachedthatBritishofficersbetrayedtheirmenin France,itwasnotonlyalie,buthe wastalkingaboutpeoplewhohadan incomelessthanone-tenthofhisown andwhosesonsweredyingbythehundredsintheRoyalAirForce,where youwon'tfindanyWells'.

"Writersarequiteunconsciously doingtheworkoftheenemy,"Mr. Noyessaid."YougetH.G.Wells goingtotheUnitedStatestellingthe PresstherethatMr.Chamberlainwas moreunscrupulousthananydictator.

"Thisisanabsolutelie.Thiswas clonebyawriterwhohadbeenadmired.HesaidthatLordHalifax shouldbeejectedbecausehehadreligiousprejudiceagainstRussia.You cannothavereligiousprejudiceagainst ageographicalspot.Youcanhaveit onlyagainstsomethingthathasbeen doneonthatspot."

Mr.NoyeshintedatFifthColumnactivityinliteratureduringthepast twenty-fiveyears. Duringthepast twenty-fiveyearstherehasbeena markedstreamoftendencyinliteratureandwritingmakingforwicked-

ness.historiansmayfindthatthis streamcamefromamoredefinite sourcethanitseems.Thesordidand thebrutalhavebeenexalted-strength eternallyconfusedwithbrutality.The literarycolumnsofnewspapershave backedupthistendency tobreak downanddestroythefabrie)2piltup bygreatthinkersandgreAwriters overthecenturies.

"ThisdoesnotrepresenttheEnglish peoplehereorinEngland."

"Thetendency,"saidNoyes,"was toputpeoplewhoareloyalonthe shelf,whilethosewhoareunloyalare placedinthevestpocket.Thewar haspulledustogether,butithasnot solvedourliteraryproblem.

"Acivilisationthathasbeensoconfusedishardlyinconditiontofight thebattleagainstwickedness.Whether ornottherehasbeenadefiniteattempttoconfusethelines,Idon't know.Butcertainly,thesymptoms aremarkedandsostrikingonecannothelpfeelingsuspicious."

Mr.Noyesconcludedbyappealing tohisCanadianaudience."Youcan helpusenormouslyoverhere.the airisclear,thestreamofwickedness pollutingartandliteratureformany yearshasnotaffectedthiscountry.If peoplewhoreallyretainasenseof valuesofthatbuiltupbycivilisation couldmakeitclearthattheycan drawafirmlinebetweenrightand wrong,andshowtheyrealisethatthis warisawarofChristendomagainst heathenism,itwouldbethemostimportanteffortyoucouldmakeinthis struggle."

Easter-TideintheHolyCity

rRTUNEhavingfrownedonme atChristmas,evidentlydecided tosmileonmeatEaster,asI wasenabledtoattendsomeoftheceremoniesintheCityofJerusalem. Unfortunately,Iwasunabletoarrivethereuntilaboutfiveo'clockon HolySaturdayafternoon,soIcouldn't attendTenebraeonGoodFridaynight. Thatwasagreatdisappointment,asI wasanxioustohearthechoirrender theResponsesandthe"PopuleMeus." However,Iwasverythankfulforsmall mercies-small,nowthatIaminthe HolyLand,butlargeenoughtohave seemedanimpossibilityatthistime lastyear.Asyoumaybesure,IattendedasmanyceremoniesasIcould, andtheseIwillendeavourtodescribe tothebestofmyability.

Tofollowthedescriptionmoreclosely,itwouldbeaswelltogiveashort descriptionoftheChurchoftheHoly Sepulchre,wheretheEasterceremoniesfirstwereenacted.Althoughoutsidetheoriginalwallsofthecity,this churchisnowwellwithinthepresent ones,andsomanycriticsrefuseto placecredenceinitsauthenticity.However,recentexcavationsthrowagreat dealoffurtherproofthatthechurch didactuallystandoutsidethewalls.

Enteringthe"OldCity"bytheJaffa Gate,wepasseddownitsmainstreet -actually,Iemploythatwordby courtesyonly-DavidStreet,whichis terracedinordertoavoidatoosteep grade.Pavedwithcobblestonesages old,itisaveritabletrapfortheunwary,especiallyifheshouldhappen tobeshodwithmilitarybootswith theircunninglittlehorseshoeonthe heel.Ihaveseenmorethanonemeasurehislengthonthecoldhardstone. Thestreetwandersdownthroughthe Arabquarterofthebazaarswithinsidesflankedwithopenshopswherein itispossibletoprocurealmostanythingatareasonableprice,provided thewandereriswillingtositdown andhaggle.

However,ourjourneytotheChurch takesusbyashortwayalongthis street,asweturnleftafteraboutfifty yards.Inthisnarrowstreet,welose thebazaarfeeling,andbecomesurroundedbyArabsfromfivetoseventy yearsofage,allintentontakingusto theChurchoftheHolySepulchre,and hopingthatitwillmeanagoodlyportionofbakshish.Thisstreetislined withshopsdealinginsouvenirtrades, whererosaries,medals,candles,etc., maybepurchased.Wefollowthis streetforaboutthesamedistance,and thenturntotherightdownafurther seriesoftreacheroussteps,throughan irongateway,totheleft,andthereis theChurch.

Atfirstsightitisverydisappointing, ashugesteelgirdersconcealmuchof theexterior.This,however,isnothing totheamountoftrussingandsupports thatappearwithin.Duringtherather recentearthquakes,theChurchofthe HolySepulchredidnotescape,andall thisdisfiguringsteelandwoodwork wasnecessarytokeepthebuilding standing.WithintheChurch,every archwaK.,hasbeentrussedupwith woodenbeams,whichdonotenhance itsbeauty.

Asthepilgrimentersthebuilding, thefirstthingthatheseesisthebed oftheMoslemcaretakerimmediately totherightofthedoorway.No doubtitappearsstrangetothinkthat thecaretakeroftheChurchwhich meansmoretoChristiansthanany otherchurchintheworldshouldbea Moslem.Nevertheless,thishasareasonableexplanation.Inthechurch itselffivesectshavecertainrightsby law,Catholics,Greeks,Copts,Roumanians,andArmenians.Itisnot tobewonderedatthatthereshould beacertainamountofrivalryasto theholdingofthekeys.Tempersat timesbecamefrayed,sothegovernmentsteppedin,givingthekeystoa certainMoslemfamilywhichwasto handtheauthoritydownfromgenerationtogeneration.

Immediatelyfrontinghimisthe StoneofAnointing,uponwhichOur Lord'sBodywaslaidforitsanointing priortoburial.Abovethisstoneare aboutadozenlampswhichwereilluminatedduringHolyWeek.

Leavingthisportionofthebuilding, thepilgrimnextenterstheRotunda,a largedircularhall.Supportedon eighteenlargepillarsisthegreatdome. InthecentreoftheRotundastands theHolySepulchre.Flankedby hugebronzecandlesticksistheentrancetotheTomb,whichisreached throughtheChapeloftheAngels.To entertheTombitisnecessarytostoop, asthedoorwayisverylow,beingcut throughthelivingrock.Abovethe Tombhangforty-threelampswhich

belongtothedifferentsectswholightthemwhentheyareholdingceremonies there.AtfirstsighttheSepulchre givesnohintastoitsactualform,as itiscoveredwithmarbleslabs.To obtainanideaastowhatliesbelow themarble,itisnecessarytogobe- hindtheHolySepulchretoaroom wherethereareseveralopenshaftshewnfromthenaturalrock.Inthis particularchamberarethreetombs, twoadultandonesmallone,consideredtobethetombsofJosephofArimatheaandhisfamily.

FromtheRotundaopensanother largehall,theGreekCathedral,from whichourpilgrimdescendstothe ChapelofSaintHelena,themotherof Constantine.ThereistheChapelof the"Invention,'orfindingoftheTrue Cross.ReturningtotheRotunda,the journeycontinuestothechapelon MountCalvary,wherearetheChapelsoftheRaisingoftheCross-the12th. Station-theAltaroftheMotherof Sorrows,andtheNailingtotheCross. AbovetheAltaroftheMotherofSorrowsisamosttouchingstatueofOur Lady. IenteredtheChurchjustintimeto participateintheprocession,which passesfromtheChapeloftheFranciscanFathersandfollowstheroutethat Ihaveendeavouredtodescribe.Usuallyaverydimlylitbuilding,theChurch wasonthisoccasionverybrightlyilluminatedbythecandleswhicheach personcarried,andthefestivelamps whichhadbeendenudedoftheirdust covers.Itwastrulyremarkableto followinthewakeofthiscrowdand watchtheirearnestfaces:Araband Christian,Jew,whiteandblack,rubbedshoulderswithnothoughtof theirold-agestrife.Ateachstop, aftertheprayershavebeenoffered, choirandpeoplesingaverseofa hymn,thelastlineofeachversebeing "Resussexit,sicutdixit.''Thelighted tapersflutteringinthegentlebreeze, theprocessionmovesontothenext Chapel.

OnEastermornIwasupbrightand early,andwendedmywaytothe Churchoncemore,whereIwasfortunateenoughwithanotherWestAustralian(JimFleming,ofVictoriaPark)to attendHolyMassandreceiveHoly CommunionrightinsidetheHoly Sepulchreitself.AbovetheTomb wasplacedamovablealtar,andthere aFranciscanFathercelebratedMass forthedozenofuswithintheTomb, andthedozensoutsideit.

Ateighto'clockPontificalMasswas celebratedoutsidetheSepulchreby thePatriarchofJerusalem.Thewhole oftheMassmusicwasinGregorian, butthemusicoftheprocessionwas polyphonicrenderedwithmuchgusto, butverylittletone.Ithoughthow muchsweeterourownCathedralchoir ofmenandboyswouldhavesounded inthesameceremony.SofarIhave notheardanyboys'voicestocomeup totheminsweetnessand-production.

Massconcluded,thePatriarchconferredMinorOrdersonsomeofthe Arabseminarists,andthentheprocessioncommenced.Leadingtheprocessionwereeightguards,eachveryelaboratelydressedinhisrobesofoffice, andeachcarryingastaffwithwhich, atregulatedintervals,hestruckthe floor.Thesestaffswereverybeautiful,beingmountedwithmostexquisitelychasedsilver,polishedto shinelikethesun.Eachwasinfact averitableworkofart.Theguards areasurvivalofthetimeswhenit wasnecessarytohaveguardstopreventhostileactsfromtheMoslems.A brownglovecoveredthehandholding thestaff,whilsttheuniformswerea massofembroidery,reminiscentofthe timesofHarounAlRascidattheir best.

Threetimestheprocessionencircled theHolySepulchre,guardsfollowedby thechoir,theseminarists,theBishops andclergy,thePatriarch,andthe PapalKnightsinregalia.Atfour pointstheprocessionhaltedwhilstthe Gospelswereread,commencingwith St.John,Ch.20,verses11-18;St.Luke, 24,13-35;St.Mark,16,1-7:St.John,20, 19-31. Attheconclusionofthe thirdround,theprocessionleftthe Rotunda,andencircledtheStoneof theAnointing,whilstthe"TeDeum" wassung.ReturningtotheRotunda, thePatriarchintonedthe"Magnificat," duringthesingingofwhichtheHoly Sepulchrewasincensed.

Assoonastheceremonywasended, thehighaltarwhichhadbeenere_ted rapidlywasjustasrapidlydemolished tomakewayfortheGreeks,whowere nexttoholdceremonyattheSepulchre.NotEasterSundayforthem onthisday,butPalmSundaywas beingcelebrated.Itwasinteresting

Specialto"The Record,"by SergeantCollopy.

AltarsoftheNailing totheCross,andthe MaterDolorosa,inthe ChurchoftheHoly Sepulchre,Jerusalem. tonotethepainstakingcarewith whichtheGreekshadfashionedtheir palms-nosmallslipofpalmfur them,smallenoughforthemtoputin theirpockets;no,theycarriedmostelaboratelydecoratedpalms,some musthavebeensixorsevenfeetlong. WhilsttheGreekswerepreparingfor theirceremony,theCoptswereholding theirsattherearoftheHolySepulchre.

OnSundayafternoonwewandered uptotheconventoftheSistersof NotreDamedeSion,whichisbuilt overtheruinsofthecourtyardofthe palaceofPontiusPilate.Inthe Chapelaretobeseentheruinsofthe "EcceHomo"archfromwhichOur Lordwasshowntothecrowdwhich wasshoutingforHisdeath.Muchof theoldstoneworkhasbeenincorporat- edinthebuilding.Downaboutnine feetbelowthislevel,thelevelofthe groundinthosedays,isthecourtyard, orportionsofthecourtyard,ofthe Romancitadelwherethesoldiersamusedthemselveswhennotonduty.Carvedinthestoneflagsarethegames similarto"CrownandAnchor," 'Knucklebone,"andsoon.Here startedthe"ViaDolorosa,"which wendeditswaythroughthecityto endonCalvary.Herethelittlesister suggestedthatwespendoneminute atprayer,eventhoughsheknewthat someofuswerenotCatholics.To seesomeofthosehard-bittensoldiers godownontheirkneestopraywas good.

Laterintheafternoonwewentto theChurchoftheDormition,which wasconstructedoverthesiteofthe housetowhichSaintJohnbroughtOur LadyaftertheCrucifixion,andwhere sheliveduntilherdeath.Builtofa verybeautifulwhitestone,thischurch isalivingmemorialtotheFirstLady oftheworld.

Thereisnothingofthegaudytrap- pingsousualtotheEasternChurch, everythingissowellinkeepingwith ourhighestideals.Eachlittleside altarisageminitsownway.One altarwasdonatedbytheKnightsof Malta,andincorporatedinthemosaic

ceilingarethecoatsofarmsofthe generousdonors.Thefloorisone largemosaic,circularinshape,divided intotwelvesectors.Inaseriesof concentriccirclesarethenamesofthe twelvesignsoftheZodiac,thetwelve Apostles,thetwelvetribesofIsrael, andthetwelveprophets.

AbovetheHighAltarisaveryfine mosaic,theworkofoneoftheBrothersofthemonastery.Downinthe crypt,however,isthemasterpiece-a lifesizerecliningstatueofOurLady, anotheroftheartisticmonk'sachievements.Carvedinwood,clothedin heavilygoldplatedmetalrobes,and withfaceandhandsofpurestivory, thisstatueisverynobleinitssimplicity.

Benedictionwasabouttocommence whenwearrivedupfromthecrypt,so wejoinedinthesinging.

Bythisitwasabouttimethatwe werethinkingofreturningtothe ChurchoftheHolySepulchreforthe dailynrocession,sowehurriedthere andarrivedjustastheceremonywas commencing.Asthiswasthesame astheoneonthepreviousevening,I willnotdescribeitagain.

FromtheaboveyouwillseethatI haveagreatdealtobethankfulfor inthatIwasinJerusalematEastertide.

M1158-Telephones-L1460 MEAD,SON&CO. FUNERALDIRECTORS.

190ALBANYROAD,VIC.PARK.

33CANNINGHIGHWAY. EASTFREMANTLE.

HALAMUNDA.

HAYNESST.,KALAMUNDA. L.G.

SOUVENIRS. TelephoneKal.76

450

STREET,PERTH TELEPHONE:B9141. PERTH.THURSDAY,MAY8,1941.

OurNationalPatroness

ThemonthofMayisdedicatedthroughouttheentireCatholic worldtothevenerationofOurLady,butforAustraliaandNew Zealandithasaspecialsignificanceinthatitcontainsourown nationalday,theFeastofOurLady',HelpofChristians.Under thistitle,OurLadyishonouredthroughoutourContinentasthe NationalPatroness.Theinvocation"HelpofChristians"was addedtotheLitanyofLoretobyPopePiusV,tocommemorate thevictoryofthecombinedfleetsofSpain,Venice,andGenoa, undertheleadershipofDonJohnofAustria,overtheTurks,in 1571.ThetriumphofLepantoisalandmarkinChristianhistory, becauseitwasthefirstgreatrepulsesufferedbytheinfidelson sea,andshouldservetoremindanungratefulworldthatitwas thePapalCrusadesthat,bytheintercessionofOurLady,saved Europe,itsfaith,anditscivilisationfromthemenaceoftheTurk.

Atnotimeinhistory,assuredlyatnotimeinAustralianhistory,hastherebeenmoreurgentnecessitytolooktoMary,the HelpofChristians,astheinvinciblebulwarkagainsttherising hordesofheathenism.Whateverpaganismaroseinthepast duringtheChristianera,itwasatleastisolatedandknownfor whatitwas.Thenewpaganism,whichinrealityisveryold,is moresubtleandinvidious.Itisclothedto-dayintheacademic robesofscience,intheplausiblepleasofeconomicpolity,evenhas itbeenincorporatedintheStatuteBooksofnationswhichChristiansheretoforehavebeenrequiredtoobeysincetemporalrulers derivetheirauthorityfromGod.Soveiledisthepaganismof to-clay,sotransformedalmostintoanangeloflight,thatithas penetratedtoeverystratumofsociety,toalargeextentunnoticed andunidentifiedevenbyChristians.

* *

Itisinthenatureoferrorandeviltoinhabitplaceswhere thereisdarkness,andtheretopropagateitself.Thepowerof evilisgreatlydiminished,ifnotdestroyed,bythesheddingof lightintodarkabodes.Somuchistruealsoofthewidespread paganismofto-day.Wherevertherehasbeenignoranceorconfusionofthought,therehasevilflourished.Now,outsidethe Church,themindsofmenarewadingforthemostpartinamorass ofuncertaintyanddoubt.Henceevilunderresonanteuphemismshasimposeditselfsolargelyontheworldwhichdoesnot knoworcaretoknowtheideaasdistinctfromitstitle.CatholicsmightrenderGodandhumanityagreatserviceweretheyto indicatethisprincipleofantithesisby'whichpaganismlabelsan ideabyatermdirectlycontrarytothenatureofthatidea.Hence therootideabehindtheterm"birth-control"islessbirthandno control;"sterilisationoftheunfit"amountsinpracticetomutilationofthepoor;"free-love"signifiesthetriumphoflustwhich ofitsnatureisthemostdegradedbondage.

Withgoodreason.then,shallAustraliacalluponMary,the HelpofChristians,nowasinthepast.ParticularlywillOur Ladyextendtousherpatronageandprotectionasthebulkof modernheresiesaredirectedagainstthehome,themother,and thechild,whicharepreciselythosethingswhichtheMotherof Godsymbolisesintheirpurestessence.Unhappily,outsidethe Church,manypersistinregardingtheseevils.thatattackthebasis oftheChristianfamily,merelyfromaneconomicorsocialviewpoint.Theyaresomuchmore.Ontheirdecisivedefeathang notaloneeconomicorsocialissues.butChristianmoralityitself, andChristiancivilisation.TheCatholicChurchdidmanyatime saveEuropefromlapsesfromfaithormoralsand,asatLepanto, fromphysicaldestructionorslavery.Shealone,bythefavourof Marv,HelpofChristians.canbringtheworldsafelythroughthe terriblecrisisthatitfaces.

READERSPLEASE

NOTE

Inordertoavoidunnecessarywasteofpaper,readersare askedtoplacearegularorderforacopyof"TheRecord"either withtheirlocalagentorattheChurch.Inthiswayyouwill helpustoconserveournewsprintsupplyandthuseffectappreciablefinancialsavingsduringtheyear.

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

May16:AdministertheSacramentof Confirmationtochildrenattending ReligiousHolidaySchool,Pinjarra.

May25:BlessnewPresbyteryat Kondinin.

May31:PresideatProfessionCeremonyatSt.JohnofGodConvent, Subiaco.

NotableOrganRecital

MissHankyImpresses

OnTuesdaynight,MissMargaret Hanleygaveherfirstrecitalonthe Cathedralprgan.Althoughyeta veryyoungwoman,shewasableto presentavariedanddifficultprogrammeofimportantandinteresting works.Possessedofamorethanadequatetechnique,herplayinghasadmirableclarity,andherinterpretations werethoughtfulandsincere.

Themostimportantworkonthe programmewastheBachPreludeand FugueinDmajor.Thisnoblework hasnotforalongtimebeenheardon theinstrumentforwhichitwaswritten.Itismorefamiliarthroughthe mediumofapianoarrangement.The preludewasplayedconvincingly,and thefugue,takenatagoodtempowas broughttoimpressiveconclusionbya passageforfullorganonthepedals,

Thebeautifultonalqualitiesofthe Cathedralorganweremadeevidentin threelovelychoralpreludes,oneby BachandtwobyMargeryMoore. TheseMissHanleyplayedwithafine senseofthereligiousmysticismthat pervadesthesecompositions.

ContrastwasprovidedbyaPastoral FantasybyWatersandanAndantino transcribedfromapianoSonataby Sibellius.Theorganist'spartofthe programmewasbroughttoaconclusionbythewell-knownSuiteGothique byBoellman.Thesuite,infour movements,endswithahighlyeffectiveToccata,whichreceivedareally brilliantperformanceattheyoung player'shands.

MissHanleyisacapablemusician, possessedofwhatmightbecalledan instinctivesympathyfortheinstrumentsheplaysanditsmusic.Hers shouldbeaveryrealcontributionto Perth'smusicalresources.

TheCathedralChoir,whichassisted intherecital,alsogaveanotableperformance,demonstratingonceagain byitsunderstandingofthespiritof thegreatChurchmusic,andbythe sweetnessofitstone,itsperfectright tothehighmusicalreputationithas achievedinsuchashorttime,and whichhasalreadyspreadsowidely. TheDirectorofSacredMusic(Tcev. A.Lynch)1stobecongratulatedon themasterlyfashioninwhichhehas builtupandtrainedthechoir.

CAUSEOFCHICAGONUNPROGRESSES.

Pope'sPeace HomilyDistorted

(ByNCWCNewsService.)

VaticanCity.

Acalmandreasonedrebuketothose whoseektodistorttotheirownends passagesofthePope'saddresses,with particularreferencetohisrecentpeace homily,hasbeenmadebythe"OsservatoreRomano,"theVaticannewspaper.

SomesectionsoftheFascistPress, ithasbeennoted,werequicktointerprettheHolyFather'sdiscourseasan endorsementoftheclaimsforterritorialexpansionputforwardbytheAxis powers.

The"Osservatore"pointsoutthat theSovereignPontiff'sdiscoursemust betakenasawhole,andthatnoone isfreetoignorethosepassageswhich donotservehispurposeandtoinsist onthosewhichseemmornagreementwithonesownthesisandaspirations.Thepaperalsomakesit clearthattheprogrammeforpeace enunciatedbythePopeisthesameas thatconsistingoffivepointswhich HisHolinessoutlinedinhisChristmas allocutionof1939.

PeaceProgramme.

Thehomily,the"Osservatore"says, expressedthewholeprogrammein onewonderfulperiod,"whentheSovereignPontiffsaid:"Itwasanimpulse ofOurheartthatWefollowed,in strivingtosecurethatconcordmight bere-establishedamongnations-that concordthatwasforalongtimeupset andnowiscompletelybroken-and thattherebesetupanorderofthings moreharmonious,basedonthatjusticewhichsoothespassions,allays hatreds,quenchesrancourandbickerings;anorderwhichwouldtendto giveeverypeopleintranquility,inlibertyandinsecuritythatportionwhich belongstoeach,oftheearthlysources ofprosperityandpower,soastomake possiblethefulfilmentofthewordsof theCreator:'Increaseandmultiply, andfilltheearth.'"

Miraclesproposedfor

TheCongregation'ssecondmeeting

akwitha,"LilyoftheMohawks,'will takeplacenextNovember.

QUARANTORE

1941. MAY, Sunday.

2nd.Manjimup:OneDayof Exposition.

3rd.EastVictoriaPark:One DayofExposition.

4th.Claremont:FortyHours' Prayer(23rd.-25th.).

TheFateofChristianity

SURVIVALINCATACOMBS?

ITseemstomeincrediblethatanyoneshouldbeobjectiveabout AdolfHitler,orsay,forexample, thatheismerelytheresultofthe TreatyofVersaillesandwhatfollowed(saysGeorgeN.Shuster,President ofHunterCollege,NewYorkCity).

ThatislikedeclaringthatNerowas theproductofaRomaneconomicdepression,orthattheEmperorDecius followedlogicallyfromthefactthat Julius'Caesarhadbeenslain.

OfcourseitistruethatCaesarhad beenslain.Ofcourseitistruethat economicandpoliticalcircumstances gaveHitleranaudience,becauseotherwisepeoplewouldhavelistenedto someoneelse.Theywouldhavekept crowdingintotheKurfuerstendamm cafes,orgatheringtohearthedolts whopromisedthemuniversalpeace withoutaneffort.

Ihavecome,alas,tohaveasortof loathingofthosewhospeakinthis wise.Fortheyhavenolongerany respectformartyrs.Theyhave madeapactwithSataninorderthat theirsecretdelightinhatredofthe JeworoftheLabourPartymayflare upbrightly.Iam,despiterumourto thecontrary,apeace-lovingandreticentman.

Butagainstthosewhotalkinthe mannerdescribed,Ishallspeakout aslongasthereisbreathinme.When IsawinRomethegreatestmanI shallknow)amongtheliving,hesaid thatIwastoattackthesepeopleas hehadattackedthem.Itwasa commandandIshallfollowit.

WarAgainstLawandReason.

Howeverlittleonemayhopeforthe triuniphofChrjstianlitythroughresorttoarms,thereisthistosay:the Catholicorderisnotsupernatural merely,butnaturaltoo.Howmuch ofourethics,individualandsocial, restsuponthereasonandtheorders whichitreveals!

Thewholeofthe"iusnaturae"isa sacredheritage.HadHitlerundertakennoconquestatall,hadhebeen contenttowreakuponGermanythe havochehaswroughtbydestroying lawandreason,weshouldnecessarily beconcernedandobligedtogiveaid and-omfo-ttothosewhoresistedhim.

Forinthiscaseitwasnomere questionofbanishingpoliticalopponentsorturningthingsupsidedownin thenz.meofrevolution.Itwasnot evenmerelyamatterofclosingschools orexpropriatingchurchproperty.For howeverreprehensiblethesethings maybe,theyinvolveonlyproblemsof legality.Theyhavetodowiththe questionofjurisdiction,whetherby theChurch,theStateortheindividual person.WhathappenedinHitler's Germanywasthatlawandreason themselvesweredestroyed.

ComparisonWithTrance. Letmeillustrate.Itis,Heaven knows,deplorablethattheFrench Governmentshouldhavesecularised theCatholicestablishment.Butone couldstillprotestandworship.One could teachchildrenreligion.In short,thecaseagainsttheFrench

HisLordshiptheBishopofGeraldton(MostRev.J.P.O'Collins,D.D.), iilcelebratetheeleventhanniversary ofhisconsecrationonSunday,May11. Onthatdayhewillcelebratethe7 o'clockMassinSt.FrancisXavier's Cathedral,andparishionerswillunite toofferaGeneralCommunionforthe intentionsofHisLordship.

BishopO'Collinswasconsecratedon May11,1930,inSt.Patrick'sCathedral,Melbourne,byHisGraceArchbishopMannix.

Governmentcouldbefoughtandwas foughtbeforethebarofFrenchpublicopinion-sowellinfactthatithad practicallybeenwonin1940.

InGermany,however,youcould worshiponlyifyoudidnotprotest; andinnotprotestingyouweretacitly endorsingwhathadbeendone.You werepermittedtogotochurch(and, indeed,tolive)ifyoudidnotsaythat murderandtheconcentrationca,ip werewrong,thatthehideouspogrom wasevil,andtherearingofyourchildreninacodeofpaganmoralitywas anathematoyou.Thatisthedifference,anditisessential.Whatisat stakeisthatfreedomwithoutwhich themoralorderbecomesamereabstraction.

TheNaziPattern.

Hitlerdidnot,however,simplydevastatehisownland.Hesetoutto conquerothers,andtodatehehas succeeded.Andeachvictorymerely reproducestheoriginalNazipattern. Itsetsinmotionanotherpathetic marchofrefugees,anothertrektothe ghetto,anotherpageantofhumanity clenchingitsfistsinimpotentrage.

ThereintheGermanrevolutiondiffersfromtheRussian.Forvarious reasons,andperhapsthroughinner necessity,theSovietshavelackedmilitarypower.Theirdoctrinehasbeen preacheduntothecorrosionofother peoples.Stillitwasafterallonlya doctrine.Itcouldbeopposedwith argumentandintellectualaction.You couldhope,asPopePiusXIhoped, thatthelogicoftheGospelwould winoveritintheend.

Hitlerisnosuchfoe.Resistanceis possiblesolelyonthefieldofbattle. BetweenFranceandvassalagethere standsonlythearmyGeneralWeygandcommandsinAfrica.What wardsoffslaveryfromBritaineverybodyknows.Andthereforeinevitably Americanshaveawakenedtothefact thattheirliberty,too,hasonlyone possibleinstrumentofdefence.

TheSupremeIssue.

Accordinglyitisuselesstopointthe fingerofscornatBritainforthe thingsshehasleftundone.True enough,shebungledthepeaceandso didwe.Thetaresofindustrialism sproutinhergarden,evenastheydo inours.Weareneitherofusaselfrighteouspeople,becauseweknow enoughaboutourselvesnottobe.

ButatleastitcanbesaidofBritain thatshedidnotwanttheabominationofdesolation-couldnotstomach thethoughtthatherlibertieswould beabrogated,thatthetideofhumanityinexileshouldmounthigher,that thenumberofthoseabletosay"No" wouldgrowstillperilouslysmaller.It isabarriertounreasonthattheEnglishhaveerected,andIdonotseehow anyChristiancandootherwisethan rejoicethatitshouldbeso.

Wemaymarvelthatitshouldbeso. Wemayevenwishthatalmostany otherpeoplehadbeencastinthat heroicrole.Yes,wemaygosofaras todetesttheBritishforthehonour thathascometotheminthishour. ButIcannotseehowwecando otherwisethangrantthatthehonour istheirs.

Forwhatisnowgoingonissurely justanakedwrestlingmatchtodecidewhetherChristianityistosurvive inEuropeoutsidescatteredcatacombs. Itdoesn'tmakesensetothinkofitin otherterms.

HOLIDAYRESORTS MASSTIMETABLE.

Albany:7.30a.m.;9.30a.m.eachSunday

(Inquiries:VeryRev.T.Gilroy,The Presbytery,Albany.Tel.:Albany 129.)

Bunbury:7a.m.;9.30a.m.

(Inquiries:Rt.Rev.Monsignor Hayes,St.Patrick'sPresbytery,Bunbury.Tel.:Bunbury141.)

Cottesloe:7a.m.;10a.m.

(Inquiries:VeryRev.J.Fahey,The Presbytery,McNeill-street,Cottesloe. Tel.:F2411.1

Denmark:FirstandThirdSundaysof month,at7.30a.m.

(Inquiries:Rev.M.Holohan,The Presbytery,Denmark.Tel.:Denmark18.)

Mandurah:

(Inquiries:Rev.W.Clery,ThePresbytery,Pinjarra.Tel.:Pinjarra27.)

Rockingham: (Inquiries:TheOblateFathers,AdelaideStreet,Fremantle.Tel.:L2268.)

Britain'sWarAims

WhatAreThey?

PROBLEMOFOPPORTUNEDISCUSSION.

SinceHitler'sspeechofDecember10 therehasbeenageneralrevivalofthe discussionofBritain'swaraims,says 'ChristopherDawson.Itisfeltinmany quartersthatamoredefinitestatementofpolicyisneededandthatBritain'sattitudeisnegativeandobscure.

TOacertainextentthisattitudeis inevitable.Youcannotexpect amanwhoisfightingforhislife,his familyandhispropertytoexplaintoa disinterestedspectatorjustwhathis plansareforthereorganisationofhis businessandtheeducationofhischildrenifhewinsthrough.Wearefightingforourexistence,anditisobvious thatunlesswecansecuretherightto exist,themostelementaryanduniversalofrights,anydiscussionofrights andidealsbecomesutterlyfutile.

Suchaconceptionofwaraimsmay seemcrudeandunidealistic;itis,however,fundamentallyidenticalwiththe principlewhichthegreatDominican authorityonpeaceandwar,Francisco deVitoria,laysdownastheultimate justificationofajustwar,i.e.,thegood ofhumanity."Foritwouldbetruly impossible,"hewrites,"fortheworld tobeinasoundstate,indeedtheconditionofaffairscouldnotbeworse,if tyrantsorbrigandsorthievescould dowrongwithimpunityandoppress thegoodandtheinnocentandifit werenotlawfulforthelattertopunishtheguilty."

Weareinfactfightingnotonlyfor ourownexistencebutfortheexistence ofthesocietyofnations,sincetheprinciplesthatareatstakeinthepresent wararetheessentialpre-conditionsof anykindofinternationalorder.The systemwithwhichweareinconflict is,onthecontrary,asystemwhichignoresthewholeconceptionofaLaw ofNationsandbasesitselfonforceand forcealone.Itisasystemofpower politicsinthemostabsolutesense. TheneworderforwhichNazism standsisanorderimposedbythe strongerupontheweakerpeoplesand sincetheGermanpeopleisthestrong. ernotmerelybecauseofitsnumbers andorganisationbutbyitsinherent racialsuperiority,itpossessesanabsoluterighttounlimitedexpansionat theexpenseoftheweakerpeoplesand lowerraces. ThusHitler'snewordersimplymeans thereorganisationofEuropeandof theworldunderGermanyforGerman interests.AsHitlerfranklydeclares in"MeinKampf,""thepacifisthumanitarianideaisaperfectlygoodoneon theconditionthat,firstofall,thehigh. esthumantypehasconqueredand subjugatedtheworldtotheextent thatrendersitsolelordoftheearth."

TheChristianView. Obviouslythisviewisincomplete contradictiontothebeliefintheBrotherhoodofMan-thedoctrinethat "Godhasmadeofonebloodallnations ofmenwhodwellonthefaceofthe earth."Itisthisdoctrinewhichlies attherootofthetraditionalEuropean conceptionofthesocietyofnations, thesocietyofpeoplesandtheLawof Nations:fortheideaofinternational orderisitselfcloselyrelatedtothe ideaofChristendomandisaresultof thecommonmoralstandardsandthe senseofspiritualcommunitywhich WesterncivilisationowestoChristianity.

Theultimateendsforwhichweare fightingarethereforenothinglessthan therestorationofthefundamentally Christianprinciplesofpubliclawon whichWesternsocietyisbasedanda correspondingreconstructionofourinternationallife.Ayearagoonthe eveofthefirstChristmasofthewar thePopecalledonallmenofgood willtouniteinacrusadetoleadthe nationshacktotheseessentialprinciplesofinternationalpeaceandorder, andatthesametimeheoutlinedthe fivemainconditionsbywhichthese endscouldpesecured.

Thesefiveconditonsmayappearapstractandvaguetothemaninthe street.Thisisinevitablesincethey areaddressednottoanyparticularnationbuttoallnationsandgovernments,anditisforthestatesmenand publicistsofeachcountrytoapply themtotheirowncircumstancesand intermsoftheirownpoliticaltraditions.

TheTrueNationalSpirit. Thereisroominaninternational orderfordifferentnationaltraditions, anddifferenttypesofpoliticalorganisation.AsPiusXIIwrites,"Every nationhasitsowngenius,itsown qualities,springingfromthehidden

rootsofitsbeing.Thewisedevelop. ment,theencouragementwithinlimits, ofthatgenius,thosequalities,doesno harm,andifanationcarestotake precautions,tolaydownrulesforthat end,ithastheChurch'sapproval.It isquitelegitimatefornationstotreat thosedifferencesasasacredinheritanceandguardthematallcosts."

Andcertainlyinthepresentwar thissacredinheritanceisoneofthe thingsthatwearerightlyfightingto defend.Neverthelessitisnotthe finalaimandjustificationofthewar. Whatwearefightingforisinternationalorderitself,forthattradition ofChristiancivilisationwhichisthe sacredinheritancenotofasinglepeoplebutofhumanityitself.

Whattheworldneedsisnotthe triumphofthewilltopowerandthe rightofthestrongtopossesstheearth buttherebuildingofthebrokenunity ofourcivilisationonspiritualfounda tionsinaspiritoffaithandhopeand charity.Thatistheonlyneworder whichcansatisfythehungerandthirst afterjusticewhichissodeeplyim plantedinhumannatureandwhich maybecomearevolutionarysaddestructiveforceifitisfrustratedand repressed.

THELATEMR.J.P.DOHENY.

Mr.JohnPatrickDoheny,whowas wellknowninvariousAustralian States,particularlyWestAustralia, diedatAshfield,N.S.W.,onApril9. HewasborninKilkennyin1866,and cametoWestAustraliaabout20years later.Mostofhislifewasspentat Perth,wherehewasprominentin manyactivities.Hewassecretaryof thePerthSelf-DeterminationLeague,a foundationmemberoftheHighgate (W.A.)St.VincentdePaulSociety,a memberoftheHibernianSociety,and anassociateofalldemocraticpolitical movements.HewasaregularcontributortoIrishandAustralianpapers andperiodicals.HemarriedMary Clarke,ofGlenelg,SouthAustralia, whosurviveshim,andoftheunion eightchildrenareliving.Theyare: Mary,Ann,William,Irene,Rose(Mrs. Wright),Margaret(Mrs.Rigney),all ofSydney;SisterMaryStanislausand SisterMaryRose,oftheSistersofSt. Joseph,Adelaide.

Inhislaterlife,Mr.Dohenywentto Sydney,wherehebecameidentified withCatholicActionwork.Hewas afoundationmemberandvice-presidentofSt.Joseph'sGuildofCatholic Laymen,amemberofBoys'Town committee,andhecontinuedhismembershipoftheSacredHeartSodality, towhichhebelongedforover50years. HewasactiveinattendingtothereligiousinstructionofchildreninState schools.Suchamany-sidedlayman willbesadlymissed.R.I.P.

INMEMORIAM.

FLYNN.-Inlovingmemoryofour dearhusbandandfather.John Flynn,whodepartedthislifeMay 11,1938:alsoNed,March25,1941. SacredHeartofJesus,havemercy ontheirsouls. -Insertedbywife,mother,andfamily.

64

SIGHTTESTING Opticians

(W.A.),

'Phone:B3511.

PatroniseOurAdvertisers.

CATHOLICTENNIS ASSOCIATION

By"RON.'

ShieldCompetition. Theshieldcompetitionwillbecontinuedthis'week/end,whenthe women'sBandDgrades,andallthe men'smatches(postponedfromApril 27)willbeplayed.Followingarethe resultsofthewomen'smatches(Aand C)playedonApril26:-

"A"Grade: St.Kevin's,13sets90games,beat St.Patrick's,3sets60games;St. Marys,8.75,b.St.Joachim's,8.67.

"0"Grade:

St.Brigid'sNo.1,15sets94games, beatSt.JoachimsNo.2,1set39games; HighgateNo.2,14.88,b.NedlandsNo. 2,2.35;StaroftheSea,10.81,b.St. Anthonys,6.71;HighgateNo.1,13.79, b.St.Joachim'sNo.1,3.59;St.Columba,8.72,b.Theresians,8.67;Nedlands No.1,9.79,b.St.Brigid'sNo.2,7.59; St.Kevin's,14.88,b.St.Mary's,1.47.

SocialCommittee.

Almostfortymembersattendedthe socialcommitteemeeting,heldlast FridayeveninginBactonHouse.Duringthemeetingwaysandmeansofassistingtheassociationsociallywere discussed,andvariousformsofentertainmentwereagreedupon.Details retherecentlyformeddramaticclub areprogressing,andtheclubwillbein fullswingshortly.

Opportunitywastakenduringthe eveningbythepresidentoftheassociation(Mr.A.E.Heagney),onbehalf ofthesocialcommittee,tomakeapresentationtotwoprominentmembers ofthecommittee,inMissWinnieDore andMr.LeoConroy,ontheeveof theirmarriage.

CommunityConcert.

IntheHighgateParishHall,onFriday,May23,thesocialcommitteewill holdthefirstofaseriesofassociation communityconcerts.Detailsofthis popularentertainmentarewellin hand,andahighlysuccessfulevening islookedforwardto.Featuredinthe programmewillbea"quizcompetition"amongstrepresentativesofthe variousmetropolitanclubs.Anumberofwell-knownartistswillassistin theprogramme.AdmissionwillbeIs.

AnnualBallSuspended.

Duetothedifficulttimesandthe inabilityofmanyofourmalemembers beingunavailable,thesocialcommitteehavedecidedtosuspendtheannualballforthisyear.Initsstead thecommitteehaveinhanddetailsre acarnivaldancetobeheldsometime inJuneinthePerthTownHall.When arrangementshavebeenfinalisedthey willbepublished.

Tit-BitsofInterest.

Delegates,don'tforgettheusual monthlymeetingtobeheldatBacton HouseonFriday,May16. WhynotattendSt.Kevin'sTennis Club'sSaturdaynightdanceinSt.

Joseph'sHall,Subiaco?Youcanbe assuredofanexcellenttime. AllroadsleadtoHighgateParish HallonWednesday,May14,onthe occasionofthelocaltennisclub'sopeningdance.

MissKath.McDonagh,ofSt.Joachim's,isbackwithusagain,after severalweeks'holidayspentinthe EasternStates.

Anumberofourmostprominent playersarenowservinginvarious unitsofthemilitaryforces.

St.Kevin'sTennisClub.

Duetounfavourableweatherconditionsthatprevailed,thecommittee hadtocancelthelongawaitedclub picnictoYancheponLabourDay. Thiswasmostdisappointing,asall werelookingforwardtoawonderful day.However,itisintendedtohold thepicniclaterintheyear.

Membersareurgedtopatronisethe clubdances,whicharebeingheldeach SaturdayeveninginSt.Joseph'sHall. Theadmissionpriceisonly1/6,and amostentertainingtimeisassured.

Theclubcommitteearereminded thattheyareexpectedtomeetatSt. Joseph'sHallonTuesdaynext,May 13,at8.15p.m.sharp, St.Thomas'Club,Claremont.

RecentlyatameetingheldinSt. Thomas'HallitwasdecidedtoreorganisetheCatholictenniscluband rejointheCatholicTennisAssociation.

Thefollowingofficerswereelected: President,MissDorothyTangney;secretary,Mr.LaurieHall;treasurer,Mr. LeoClarke;ladiescaptain,MissM. Sykes;gent.'scaptain,Mr.L.Clarke; vice-captain,Mr.B.Clarke.

Theclubtournamenthas,unfortunately,beenpostponedtwiceowingto therain,butitishopedthattheteams whichhavebeenchosentorepresent theclubinassociationmatcheswillacquitthemselveswell.ClubmembershipisopentoallCatholics,andasthe feeisonly10s.peryear,abigdemand formembershipisexpectd. St.Brigid'sClub.

The8o'clockMassinSt.Brigid's ChurchonSundaymorning,April27, wasofferedforthereposeofthesoul ofourlatemember,Mr.JohnFickert.

ThehighesteeminwhichJackwas heldandthesincereregretfeltbyall atthesuddenpassingofsuchahappy, enthusiasticplayer,wasacknowledged bythemembersoftheclub,who,in fullnumber,attendedtheMassand offeredHolyCommunionfortheeternalreposeofhissoul.R.I.P.

IOurannualtournamenthasnotyet beencompleted,butsomeveryinterestingtennishasbeenwitnessed.

Mr.GeorgeSomersagainwonthe men'ssingleschampionship,therunner-upbeingMr.FrankBromley.The men'sdoublestitlewascarriedoffby E.deLucaandF.Cain.

SchoolRacquets,Restring,andRepairsobtainableatWimbledonSports Depot,81WilliamStreet(Basement), Perth.

CATHOLIC WOMEN'SLEAGUE

SoldiersBuffet. Membersareexpectedtohelpatthe Barrack-streetbuffetonMonday,May 19. TheLeaguewillbeinchargeof thebuffetonthatday.

Meeting.

Themonthlygeneralmeetingwill takeplaceasusualonthesecondWednesdayofthemonth,thisbeingMay 14,at8p.m. RedCrossWork.

ThemonthofMayisbeingespeciallydevotedtoRedCrossworkandcollectionsforthisfund.TheLeague hasarrangedaraffleforgoodstothe valueof15,purchasableatAhern's. Mrs.L.Keenanhasbeenthegenerous donorofthisprize.Booksmaybehad attheLeagueroomsorfrommembers oftheexecutive.Ticketsare6d. each.

CampComforts. Severalmembershavewooloutstandingforquiteaconsiderableperiod.Mrs.Ryanisanxioustoreceive thefinishedgoods,ortohavethewool returned.Membersareaskednotto takeoutmorethanatwomonths'sup-

PINJARRA

MASSTIMETABLE.

Sunday,May11:Pinjarra,10a.m.

Sunday,May18:Serpentine,8.30 a.m.;Jarrandale,10a.m.

Sunday,May25:Dwellingup,8a.m.; Pinjarra,10a.m.

TOODYAYMASSTIM''SABLE.

May11:Mundaring,8a.m.;Chidlow, 9.30a.m.

May17:Wongamine,8am.

May18:Jennacubbine,8.30a.m.; Toodyay,10am.

May25:BakersHill,8.30am.;Toodyay,10am.

HARVEY

LastSunday,despitethefactthat someofthemembersoftheSacred HeartandChildrenofMarySodalities wereawayonholidays,theattendance atthemonthlyHolyCommunionand Benedictionwasverysatisfactory. SincetheHolyNamewasestablish. edintheparishthemembershave beennotedfortheirregularattendanceattheGeneralCommunionand eveningdevotions.Lately,insteadof theusualmonthlylecture,various questions-religious,socialandtopical -havebeendiscussedinthelightof Catholicteaching.Thesediscussions, provokingmanypertinentquestions, whichareansweredfully,usuallyby oneofthemembers,areprovingstimulatingandinstructive.OnSocial JusticeSundayaportionoftheNew StatementonthissubjectbytheCatholicHierarchywasbroughtupfor discussion.Manyofthefundamental principlesintheStatementwereinterestinglyandclearlyexplainedby theSpiritualDirector. Atwo-weeks'missionwillopenfor Harvey,YarloopandMorningtonon Sunday,May18.Itwillbeconducted byanOblateFather.AttheMasses onSundayatHarveyandYarloop FatherPowerexhortedthepeopleto attendthemissionexercisesevery morningandevening.Bymakingan honestefforttodosotheywouldobtainthemanygracesandblessings thatGodshedsonthosewhoarefaithfulduringthistimeofextraordinary grace.Lateron,whenthenewchurch inWaroonaisopened,amissionwill beheldinWaroonaandtheoutlying districts.

Owingtopressureofwork,theVery Rev.Dr.Goody,Rector'ofSt.CharlesSeminary,haspostpotie'd-indefinitelyhisvisittotheparish.Recentlyan appealonbehalfoftheSeminarywas madebytheparishpriest,whoexhortedtheparishionerstocontributegenerouslyaccordingtotheirmeans.So fartheresponsehasbeengratifying.

Theusualsocialactivitiesareinfull swing.Thelocalgarrisonorchestrais provingastrongattraction. Waroona.

Inaccordancewiththerulesofthe SacredHeartandHolyNameSodalities,memberswhointendtojoinare requiredtofollowtheserulesfora periodofthreemonthsprobation.

Practicallyeverymanandwomanin theparishisfaithfullyadheringtothis system.Whenthetimecomesfor establishingtheseSodalitiestherepromisetobetwoveryfineSodalitiesin theparish.

Thestrongfaithandgenerousspirit oftheparishionerswillhaveample opportunityofmanifestingitselfinthe nearfuture,whenthenewSt.Patrick's ChurchwillbeopenedbyHisGrace theArchbishop.

Thenewchurch-abrickbuilding withatiledroof-whichbegansome weeksago,willbeworthyoftheparishioners,ItwillbededicatedtoSt. Patrick,ApostleofIreland.Thisis fitting,forisnotSt.Patrickinavery realsensetheApostleofAustralia also?Wasitnothisspiritualsons anddaughterswhofirstimplantedthe Catholicfaithinthefruitfulsoilof Australia,andisnottheirhistory deeplywritteninthemanyenduring monumentstotheirmissionarxizealthenumerouscathedrals,churches, conventsandhospitalstobefoundin everyStateoftheCommonwealth?

MASSTIME-TABLE.

May11:Waroona,8.30am.;Harvey, 10a.m.

May18:Yarloop,8am.;Harvey,10 a.m.

May25:Harvey,8a.m.;Waroona, 10a.m.

FREMANTLE

St.Joseph'sConventAnnualBall.

Ataverywellattendedmeeting heldinSt.Patrick'sHallonApril27, itwasdecidedtoholdtheannualConventBallonWednesday,July2,inthe FremantleTownHall.Allthosegirls whowishtomaketheirdebutshould getintouchwiththeConventimmediately,orringthesecretary,Miss ConnieYench(L2209).

Allex-studentsoftheConventare remindedoftheannualre-union,tobe heldattheSportsDayonMay24, whichisthe86th.anniversaryofthe foundationoftheConventinFremantle,foritwasonMay24,1855, thatthefourpioneerSistersofSt.JosephfromFrancearrivedinthestragglinglittleunattractivevillageofFremantle,andherefarawayfromtheir belovedsunnysouthernFrancestarted inaveryhumblewaytheConvent whichhasspreadsofarintothefar flungcornersoftheState.Tomark thishistoricanniversary,itishoped thatasmanyoldgirlsaspossiblewill maketheConventtheirvenueonMay 24.It'saSaturday,sokeepitfree, andbethereat2.30.

TheCrossinLegendandLiterature

ITmustalwayscomeassomething ofashocktoChristianstorememberthatourownsupreme symbol,theCross,isbotholderand youngerthanChristianity.Yetthere wasamysterious,perhapsprophetic, intuitionwhichledhumanityalmost fromthedawntimeoftheworldto adoptthissimplest,mostinclusiveof allsigns-thesetwocrossedlines pointingouttothefarthestrecessesof space-asbothemblemanddecoration.Itformedthelastcrypticletterof thetheHebrewalphabet,Tau,and EgyptianSignofLifecenturies beforeitwastranslatedintoanimage ofdeathandpunishment.Thereis -evenacertainironyto-dayinrecallingtheSanscritoriginoftheenigmatichookedcross,theswastika.

Ontheotherhand,theChristiansof thecatacombsusedthesignofthe Crossintheirceremonieslongbefore theycarvedorpainteditasasymbol toreplacethefishandthelamb. Scholarspointoutadoublereasonfor this:theinstinctivefirstreactionof painratherthanlovetowardthe shamefulinstrumentofOurLord's Passion,andthefactthatinthoseages ofuniversalpersecutiontheCross wouldhaveprovedatoncetooobviousaconfessionoffaithandtoomanifestaninvitationtomartyrdom.

Actually,itseemstohavecomeinto userathergraduallythroughtheGreek monogramofChrist'sname-XPwhichwasprobablytheformofConstantine'shitoricvision,andcertainly theformiswhichitreplacedtheRomaneagleuponhisstandard.

Afterthefourth-centurytriumphof ChristianityasthereligionoftheRomanEmpire,andSaintHelena'smomentousdiscoveryinJerusalem,the Crosswasadoptedeverywhereasthe adoredemblemoftheFaith The fifthandsixthcenturies LneemergenceoftheCrucifix-thelullrepresentationofChristuponHisCross. Butforseveralh--1-ec'.yearstheCrucifixremained symbolic,coi,ventionalisedform,bearingaclothedor evenvestedChrist,serenecffaceand crownednotwiththornsbutwithrays oflightor-ovalinsignia.This"Salvator"Crucifixgradually,fromabout theeleventhcentury,begantogic. etothesufferingorEcceHomo" Crucifixwhichweknowto-day:the changefromsymbolictorealistic treatmentaccompanyingthetransition fromRomanesquetoGothicarchitecture,anddoubtlessowingsomethingto therevivalofpopularreligionthrough thepreaching'ofFranciscanand Dominicanfriars.

Itseemsagainanomalousthatour worldwhich,asAliceMeynellobserved, "bearsaschieftreasureoneforsaken grave"-whosefaithandhopeandlove allcentreaboutandstemfromone symbolicCross-shouldbeignorant evenofwhatwoodthatCrosswas fashioned.Butwherehistoryfalls short,poetryandparablefillthemeasuretooverflowing.Oneancient legendtellshowAdam,weariedby someninehundredyearsanddyingat last,sentSethtoseekaleafofthe TreeofLifetoeasehispain.This slip,plantedafterourfirstparent's death,grewitselfintoatreefrom whichwaslaterfashionedtherodwith whichMosessmotetherock-apillar forSolomon'stemple-andeventually theCrossuponwhichChristwaslifted upthatHemightdrawallmenunto Him.

Ofthelaterhistoryofthischosen pieceofwoodwehavemanyfactual andevencredibleaccounts.TraditiondeclaresthataftertheCrucifixion allthreecrosseswerehiddenbythe JewsinarockyravinenearMount Calvary.HeretheylayuntilConstantine,afterhisconversion,dispatch. edhisChristianmotherHelenato Jerusaleminquestofmemorialsofthe Passion.In326,havingbeenguided tothespotbyapiousJew,theempressdiscoveredthreecrossestogether withadetachedfragmentofPilate's inscription.Asitwasimpossibleto decidewhichcrosshadbeentheinstrumentofOurLord'smartyrdom, SaintHelenawasinspiredtoapplya touchofallthreetoadyingwoman, oraccordingtosomevariations,toa manalreadydead.Twowereas sterilemagnets,butfromthethird flowedimmediatevibrationsoflifeand health.SotheHolyCrosswaserectedandveneratedwithgreatjoyin thepresenceofMarcarius,Bishopof Jerusalem:afactattestedabouttwentyyearslaterbySaintCyril,butsomeWhatstrangelyomittedfromEusebius' coritemperaryaccount.

SubsequentlytheCrosswasdivided intothreeparts,thelargestremaining inJerusalemintheConstantinian basilicalaterdestroyedbytheSara-

censandrebuiltbytheCrusadersuntilthesacredwoodwascapturedby Saladinin1187,andlosttoChristian believersascompletelyasthefabled Grail. Asmallerrelicwasretained byConstantineinRome,whereitreposestothisdayinthechurchof SantaCroce.Andathirdwasgiven toConstantinople;whenceitwaslater bestowedbytheTemplarsuponSaint LouisofFrance,whoreceiveditbarefootandstrippedofhiscrownand royalrobes,andbuiltasanctuaryfor itinhisSainteChapelleatParis.These threesourcesbecame,then,thefountain-headofthoseinnumerablerelics ofthetrueCrosstreasuredbycathedrals,monastries,bishops,kingsand queensthroughouttheworld."Innumerable"is,however,scarcelythe rightword,sincethismostcoveted andpreciousmemorialofthePassion wasneverdistributedwidelyevenin tiniestfragments.Itisalwayspossible,ofcourse,thatindividualrelics reverencedbythefaithfulatonetime oranothermayhavebeenspurious. Ifso,theirvalueasareligiousstimu- lantwasonlysymbolicorpragmatic. Butforthemostpart,thosewhichremainto-dayhavebeenmeticulouslyauthenticated,andwiththesofteningof anti-Catholicbiasamongscholarsand archealogists,theirvalidityisnowacceptedfarmoreconfidentlythana centuryago.

Meanwhile,theliteratureofthe HolyCrossextendedfromhymnand homilyintopoetryandromance.The tragicallytriumphant"VexillaRegis" whichwechantonGoodFridaywas composedbyVenantiusFortunatus,a poetprelate,towelcomearelicofthe truecrosspresentedtoamonasteryof hisi-iendSaintRadegundatPoitiers. Fromthesamecentvry,andfromthe peneitherofVenantiusorofhiscontemporaryAlamertusClaudianuscame t!iemoreemotional"PangsLingua

" Somesixhundredyears laterAdamofSaintVictorwaswritingthe"LaudesCrucisAttolamus"as aninspirationtotheCrusaders.But afterthelossoftheTrueCrossfrom Jerusaleminthatsametwelfthcentury,wefindthegreathymnsofthe ChurchdevotedrathertoOurLadyor theBlessedSacrament,treasuressafe fromwarringman,havingtheirhome wherethievesdonotbreakthrough andsteal.

Anobjectwhichhadstirredmen's emotionsandinfluencedtheirhistory aspowerfullyasthestoriedCrosswas certainalsotoproduceitsownvernacularliterature.Itwasgroupedin theformofaluminousandmystic crossthatDantebeheldthesoulsof thecourageousinthefifthcircleofhis "Paradiso."Butamoremovingbecausesimplertreatmentistheeighth century'DreamoftheRood"attributedbymanytoCynewulf.Only inthegreatestpoetryofanyagedo wecomeuponamoredirectemotional impactthantheclosingwordsuttered bytheHolyCross:

Iamrememberinginthelongago: Howattheforest-edgetheyhewed melow Andhillwardboremeshoulderhigh andthen Foesfixedmethere.IsawtheLord ofmen InHismighthasteningtheremeto ascend, Yetdarednotbreakasundernorme bend NordisobeyforGod'scommandment's sake ThoughEarthIsawinallherbosom Istoodwhomighthavethrownthe foestosod. ThengatheredHim,theWarrioryoung calledGod Almighty;resoluteandstrong;unbowed OfcouragewentHeupinsightof crowd UpontheloftyCrossmankindtofend. ItrembledinHisarmsbutdarednot bend Orearthwardfall;butfirmlyhadto stand TononedaredbringIbane. Theyscornedusboth,andIwasmade astain WithBloodforthfromHisSidethat flowed, WhenHelikeManHisGhostsenton itsroad. Over-sentimentalitysometimes,overingenuitysometimes,havefoundtheir wayint.)poemsandhymnsoftheHoly Cross,butitishearteningtofinda notesimilartoCynewulf'sinthetwentieth-century"RimeoftheRood"by anAmericanpriest,CharlesO'Donnell. Somethingofitsstarkrealismand authenticmysticismmaybegathered evenfromthesedetachedstanzas: Awordofmysteryistold Whosesecretshallremain,

Thattheheartofhappinessshould ache

Withhungeringforpain. ThatGodinthoseyearsofsilent Andsoleeternity, ShouldknowHimselfahomelessMan Deadonawaysidetree

GodinHisdaythathadnodawn VisionedafallenskyAgainstwhosestorm-stirrededgesHimselfshouldhanganddie. Andtimecamedowntoalittlespan Whenmencontrivedthesebars, Knownasacross,esteemedacurse, Aninsulttothestars Theyfixeditfirmintheblastedhill, Helookedandcalleditgood, AsthehourthatHehadhurriedto StruckinHisblood.

Aturnofpainanddarkness, Aspaceoftorturedbreath, Andeveryfibreofthewood GrowsalivewithHisdeath Thisisthe'ftrriblegarment HecouldaloneconceiveAstiffredcloakofwoodandiron HishandnailedtoHissleeve. WhowalkedHisworldsofwonder, GodofveryGodHewillnotmoveintheshoesofiron WherewithHenowisshod Andwhenthetrumpofdoomshall blow

Tostrikethelivingdumb, TheKinginHisbeautyshallappear AndHisKingdomcome. Thenshallthetopofheaven Andthelastdeepbespanned

BythebridgetheRomansoldiersbuilt WithitssigninPilate'shand.

Abridge,athrone,adoorway, Abanner,areward, Adorableasnootherthings: TheCrossoftheLord

Thisparadoxofjoyandsorrow,of deathinlife,impregnatesthesongs andlegendsoftheHolyCross.With theprofoundandpitifulwisdomof the"felixculpa,"itremains"dulcelignum,"bywhosewood"thewholeearth isfilledwithjoy."AndifHopkins tellsus Terriblefruitwasonthetree

IntheacreofGethsemane, KatharineTynancanreply GoodFridayisaheavenlyday, Sobright,sofar,sostill So,untiltheendoftime,andwhether theyknowitornot,mustmenand womenpray,asFrancisThompson prayedthatpoetryitselfmightplay, "roundthefootofthecross."

St.Joachim'sBranch.

Bro.J.L.Kellypresidedoveragood attendanceatthemeetingheldon April28.Themembersextendtheir sinceresympathytoSr.P.Williamsoninhersadbereavement.AsrepresentativesoftheDistrictBoard willbepresentatournextmeetingon May12,wehopememberswilldo theirbesttobepresent.Itwillalso bepoundnight.

WESTPERTH

Thefriendsandwell-wishersofSt. Brigid's,WestPerth,arecordiallyinvitedtoabridgeandrummyparty, whichwilltakeplaceinSt.Brigid's ParishHall,WestPerth,onTuesday, May27. Proceedsforchurchfunds. Valuableprizesandgoodsupper.The organiserisMrs.\V.Thompson.

CATERER

Mrs.E.B.O'CONNELL STIRLINGSOCIALROOMS, CornerHayandMilliganStreets, (Upstairs) ALLCLASSESOFCATERING 'PhoaeB3491. PrivateB4940.

NORTHAM.

E.0.TRESISE, M.P.S.,S.A.andW.A. MANUFACTURINGAND DISPENSINGCHEMIST. ForServiceandQuality.

Tel61Northam.

T.A.GRAHAM

WESTENDBAKERY FORBETTERBREAD ServiceandSatisfaction.

154FITZGERALDSTREET.

NORTHAM.

CLOAKS FORTHE ChildrenofMary

Neatlymadewithasuperiorquality

Cashmereespeciallyimportedbyus forthepurpose.

FULLCLOAKSTYLEwithample fullnessensuringthattheywillhang ingracefulfolds. Thesearestockedinrivesizes,butany sizecanbemadetoorder.Theprices oftheusualsizeare:-

each

46incheslong 16/-each

48incheslong 16/6each

CloseFittingStyle,cutfromourspe- cialfittingpattern. Thesearealsostockedinfivesixes,but anysizecanbemadetoorder.The pricesoftheusualsizesare:-

40incheslong 9/6each

42incheslong 10/-each

44incheslong 10/6each

46incheslong 11/-each

48incheslong 11/6each

Whenorderingbesuretospecifywhich StyleisrequiredandwhetherinMadonna(Sky)BlueorDarkBluecolour.

CHILDRENOFMARYANDCOMMUNIONVEILS

MadeofFineBretonneNet.

INareportontheHeadsofdiplomaticmissionssentfromourEmbassyinParistotheForeign Office,LordCrewe,ourAmbassadorat thattime,notedintheparagraphdedicatedtoMonsignorMaglione,the PapalNuncio,amongothermoreimportantpoints,thathewasapersonal friendofSirOdoRussell.

Whatwastrueinthosedaysis equallytrueafterthelapseoftwenty years.Indiplomaticlife,friendships withforeigncolleaguesareapttoprove ephemeraland"hereto-dayandgone to-morrow,"butinthiscasecircumstancesfavouredacontinuedintert.

CARDINALMAGLIONE.

FRANCEGIVESBACKLOURDES

GROTTOTOCHURCH.

TheGrottoatLourdeshasbeenreturnedtotheChurchauthoritiesby theFrenchState,saysReuter. ThelandwheretheGrottoissit atedwasthepropertyoftheBishopric ofTarbesbeforethelawoftheseparationoftheChurchandState.Likeall ecclesiasticalsitesafter1906itbecame Stateproperty.

BRITISHSHELLHITGENOA CATHEDRAL.

GenoaCathedralwashitbyashell duringtherecentBritishnavalbombardment,statesVaticanRadio. Theshellfailedtoexplodebutcausedextensivedamage.Windowswere shattered.

CardinalBoetto,S.J.,Archbishopof Genoa,togetherwiththecongregation attendingMass,withdrewtotherefugebehindthesacristy. NooneintheCathedralwaskilled.

Dressandfashion

SUPERFLUOUSHAIRS.

RemovedPermanentlybyElectrolysis. TheOnlyMethodwhichhasproved Successful.ConsultationFree.

MISSR.DUGGAN, ROOM33,3rd.FLOOR, GLEDDENBUILDINGS. B7455. uuuunuunuuuuuuuuunuuuuununuunnunnunuuuuS

RacingSelections

BY"THEHAWK" BELMONTPARK.

Saturday,May10,1941. (BeforeAcceptances.)

Breeders'Hanclidap:Ripplian1; Tresigne,2;FlameGirl,3.

BelmontPurse(1):StarGirl,1; Orimadale,TwoJokes,3. BelmontPurse(2):Winlite,1;St. Agrion,2;Oredanus,3.

TrialStakes:Kaspar,1;MountEtna, 2;Stockyard,3. BelmontHandicap:Bravilo,1;Pandemonium,2;Halveto,3. WelterHandicap:StarLad,1; Mullit,2;Amatol,3.

TrottingSelections

GLOUCESTERPARK.

Saturday,May10,194'.

W.A.Breeders'HandicapBlack Ella,1;Wilfred'sWonder,2;Good Gift,3. BridgetownHandicap.BaronAntique,1;DavidFayette,2;Lord Adonis,3. BunburyHandicap:Meditation,1; CountryBoy,2;Mareche,3. BusseltonHandicap:MyChum,1; LadyCynthia,2;Warrego,3. High-ClassHandicap:Queen'sGift, 1;Rongomai,2;Willo'theWisp,3. ManjimupHandicap:WiseGeneral, 1;Katarab,2;EugowraLady,3. HarveyHandicap:BlackYamma,1; PrinceMavista,2;King'sGuide,3.

CardinalMaglione

APERSONALSKETCH

courseevenafterwehadceasedto becolleaguesatBerne.Itwasthere thatwefirstmet,andwhen,after threeyears,IwastransferredtoRome asMinistertotheHolySee,wemetin theEternalCity.Whenhemovedto PariswemetboththereandinRome, andwhenIchangedtotheHaguehe wasalwaysthemostwelcomeguest. AfterretiringfromtheDiplomaticService,in1933,regularmeetingswere nolongerpossible,butduringavisit toRomesomethreeyearsago,where hewasestablishedasaCardinalin Curia,wewereabletopickupthe oldthreadswheretheyhadbeencast down,andIobservedwithnolittle satisfactionthatabsencehadnotimpairedourhappyrelations.Ishould perhapssaythathisfriendshipwasextendedequallytomywife,andthat ourchildrenweregreatfavouritesof hisAndasourceofneverfailinginterest.Iregardedhim,therefore,as thatsomewhatrarephenomenon,the familyfriend,readytohelpandwelcomeuscollectivelyorindividuallyon everyoccasion.

LuigiMaglionewasbornonMarch2, 1877,atCasoria,nearNaples.His father,afarmer,diedshortlyafterhis birth,andtheboywasbroughtupby themothertowhomhewasdevotedly attached.Duringhisschoolyears andearlystudiesforthepriesthood,he wasunderthechargeofhiselderbrother-himselfapriest-untilhewas senttofinishhiseducationattheCollegioCapranicainRome.Whilepursuinghisstudiestherehecameunder thenoticeofCardinayMerrydelVal, whowassostruckbyhispersonality thatheinsistedonhiscontinuinghis studiesattheAccademiaEcclesiastica -aPapalinstitutionfortrainingcandidatesforthePapalDiplomaticService.ThoughMaglionewasdevoid ofallambition,andhadnootherwish thantofunctionasaParishPriest,he feltitwashisdutytoconormtothe Cardinal'sadvice.TheAccademialed, intime,totheSecretariateofStatetheForeignOfficeoftheVatican.

Therehewasestablishedforanumber ofyears,working,strenuouslyacquiringknowledge,andconsortingwith menwho,likehimself,weredestined toplayimportantpartsintheservice oftheChurch.CardinalMerrydel ValwasatthattimeSecretaryof State,andintheSecretariateitself wereDellaChiesa,thefuturePope BenedictXV,Gasparri,andmany othershininglights.Thoughoffice hourswerelong,Maglionemanagedto combinewithhisofficialworkthepartialdutiesofaparishpriestinoneof thepoorestquartersofRome,andto maintain,bythismeans,theprimary objectofhislife-hiszealforsouls.

Whilethelatewarwasstillinprogress,MaglionewasselectedbyPope BenedicttosucceedMonsignorMarchettiasPapalDelegateinSwitzerland. Thispostwasofconsiderableimportance,notonlyonacountofthePapal institutionforwoundedprisoners,but alsoonaccountofthepresencein BerneofasectionoftheDiplomatic CorpsoftheHolySee,whosecountries wereatwarwiththeKingdomofItaly.

ToestablishcontactwiththeseaPapal Envoywasessential.Maglionedischargedhisduties,notonlythosedealingwiththewar,butalsocurrentmatterswiththeSwissConfederation,with anefficiencywhichbroughttolight thedesirabilityofBerneasapermanentpost.HewasconsequentlyconsecratedArchbishopafteracertaininterval,andraisedtotherankof ApostolicNuncio.Astherewasno SwissEnvoytotheVatican,thisarrangementwasunilateral,theNuncio wasaloneresponsibleformaintaining therelationsbetweenthetwoGovernments.Subsequenthistoryproved thathesucceededinthisbeyondallexpectation.

NotlongafterIleftBerneMaglione wasofferedtheNunciatureatWarsaw byPopePiusXI,apostwhichhehad himselfoccupied,andtheinterestsof whichhehadmuchatheart.Maglions,tornbyanxietybetweencompliancewiththePope'srequestandthe dreadofnotbeingabletodojustice tonewduties,owingtoanillnesswhich hadtemporarilyweakenedhisconstitution,aftermuchhesitation,begged tobeexcused.LeftatBerneforthree yearslonger,itlookedasifthisrefusalhadmilitatedagainsthisdiplomaticadvancement,butthiswasnot thecase.Qualificationssuchashe possessedcouldnotlightlybesetaside, andwhenthemostimportantofall postsfellvacant,thePopesawinMaglionetherightmantofillit.Restoredtohealth,hegladlyacceptedthe

H.M.MinistertotheHolySee.

offerofthisnewfieldofactivity.There remainedbuttoaskfortheagreement oftheFrenchGovernment.Tothe surpriseoftheVatican,theFrench Government,whilenotactuallydecliningtogivetheagreement,intimated thatanothercandidate,withlessproGermansentiments,wouldbemore acceptable.AsMaglionehadnever outwardlyshownanypreferencefor eitherbelligerent,andhiscarefully neutralatitudewasknowntotheVaticanaswellastohisfriendsandcolleagues,CardinalGaspirridecidedto pausebeforereplyingtotheFrench communication.ItwasduringthisintervalthatIhappenedtoseeHisEminencewho,knowingthatIhadbeen acolleaguetoMaglioneatBerne,askedhowIviewedthedilemma.Inreplytothis,withoutventuringmy ownopinion,Iquotedthewordsspoken tomebyaneminentQuirinaldiplomatwhowaswellacquaintedwith Maglione.Hewasofopinionthatthe BerneNunciowasa"Diplomatofvery exceptionalability,whowouldbea valuableassettoanyservice."Cardinal Gasparriseemedimpressedbythis commentfromacompatriotsource.In spiteofthepoliticaldifferenceswhich stillkeptVaticanandQuirinalapart, itwasanopinionworthhaving,and mayconceivablyhaveencouragedhim tocontinuethedilatorytacticshe wasemploying.Inanycasethey provedsuccessful,astheFrenchGovernmentwithdrewtheirprotest,and MaglioneproceededtoParis.hismission,lastingovertenyears,proveda completesuccess,andwhenafterthat periodhewasraisedtothesacredpurpleandtransferredtoRome,heleft theFrenchcapitaluniversallyregretted.Hehadaccomplishedatask bristlingwithdifficulties,andwasnow abletoassumethemorecongenialdutiesofaCardinalinCuriaamonghis ownpeopleinhisbelovedItaly.

ItwasinRomethatIsawhimagain in1937,happilyestablishedinhisown littlehouse,surroundedbyhisbooks andbelongings,andlookingtenyears younger.Hehadbeenquicklyabsorbedintotheserviceofthethreemost importantcongregations,includingthat forForeignAffairs,butfoundtimeto goaboutalittleandtomixinasmall andsympatheticcircle.Heseemed thoroughlycontentwithhislot,when eventsoccurredwhichnecessitatedanothermovetoapositionofparamount importance.OnthedeathofPius XI,CardinalPacelli,whowaselected PopebytheCardinalsinConclave, lostnotimeinseekingtheco-operation ofMaglioneashisSecretary-of-State. OpinioninRomewasunanimousin applaudingthisselection,asMaglione hadareputationsecondtonone,and everyqualificationforfillingthepostarduousatalltimes,butevenmoreso withallEuropeinthethroesofwar. Itiscertainthatifmeansexisttoassistsufferinghumanity,noonewould bemorecapableofapplyingthemthan thepresentSecretaryofState.The experiencehegainedatBerneshould standhimingoodstead.

Lookingbackoverthesetwenty yearsandreviewingmyimpressionof hisperosnality,Imustnotomitthe physicalaspect.LikemanyNeapolitans,heisbelowmiddleheightgoodfeatures,withanimpressivebrow andblueeyesofgreatintelligence.His voiceissoftandhismanner,though easy,istouchedwithanattractivedegreeofdignity.Hissenseofhumour ispeculiarlykeenandhislaughterinfectious.Withbutasmallprovision ofsmalltalk,heisapttoremainsilentingeneralconversation,especially whenthecompanyisunfamiliar.It isinasmallcircleofpersonalfriends thatheshines.Irememberoncemy wifeandIwerewithhimoutsidethe wallofRome,withhistwooldschool friends,MonsignorRespighi,nowMasterofEcclesiasticalCeremoniesatthe PapalCourt,andMonsignorBelvederi, nowtheofficialArchaeologicalexpert oftheVatican,withtheobjectofhearingadiscoursefromthelatteronthe mostrecentexcavations.Whenthe aimofthisexcursionhadbeenachieved,thosethreefriendsseemedtorevert,foratime,tothedaysoftheir boyhood,givingfreereintomirth, laughter,andhumoroussallies.Tome thislittlescenewasdelightfullyrefreshingafteraprolongedandsomewhatlaboriousinspectionofancient stonesandmasonry. Thereis,however,asternsideto Maglione'scharacter,forasaChief, heisexacting.Indefatigablehimself, hedemandsthesameapplicationfrom hisstaff.Thelatterloveandadmire him,butthesefeelingsarenotuntinged

withawe.Itmaybethatheismore lavishwithblamethanwithpraisein theactualconductofbusiness.In anycase,hisstaffcanrelyonhisassistanceatalltimes.Thatassistance isextendedtomanyothers,asbothhis moralandmaterialgenerosityknowno bounds. IntheabovesketchIhaveendeavouredtogiveanimpressionoftheman andthediplomat.Anestimateofhis sacerdotalgiftsandspiritualattainmentsliesoutsidemyscope,butIam assuredbythosewhohavearightto speakthattheseareonthehighest level.Withhisnatureitcouldhardly beotherwise.Withnouseforhalfmeasures,hecouldonlythrowhimself heartandsoulintohisholyvocation. Throughouthisgreatcareerhehas steadfastlyliveduptohismotto: "Orareetlaborare,"making,atall times,theseconddependentonthe first.Heneversoughtpoliticalplace andpower,anditisonlyhisunbendingdeterminationnevertoswervefrom thatpracticewhichhasenabledhim toassumeresponsibilitiesotherthan thoseofhisreligiouscalling.

THE'LANDOFROSES' SHALLRISEAGAIN

FaithofLuxembourg'sGrand Duchess.

Theghastlymonsterofwarthat crasheditsvenomouswaythrough Europelastspringflouteddeathand horrorinthefaceoftinyLuxembourg,thefirstofthelowlandstofeel theforciblejawsofNaziinvasion.But thisspringthestorywigbedifferent andtheacridodouroffits4bloodwill notrivalthefragranceofLuxembourg flowers,norwillNazisoldiersblast theirwayintofortressedhomesinthe "LandoftheRoses."

Forpeacewillrideonthespring winds-apeacethatwillbringLuxembourg'sexiledrulersbacktotheir homeland.Thisisthefirmbeliefof HerRoyalHighness,Charlotte,grand duchessofLuxembourg,whowithher husband,PrinceConsortFelix,and theirson,PrinceJean,visitedChicago recently. HatredofNazis.

"ThehateoftheNazisisadifferent one,notlikethehatredthatwasbehindthegovernmentduringthelast war,"saidtheduchessinaninterview,"andbecauseofthis,thewarwill endsoon."

NomatterhowlongtheNazistwist thescalpeloftyrannyinthemindsand bodiesoftheLuxembourgers,the peopleshallnotchange."Theywill staywhattheyare:theywillgowithoutthings,manythings,buttheywill neverbedifferent,"declaredtheduchess.''Ourpeoplearealwaysthe same."

Unabletocommunicatewithany oneintheduchybecauseofruthless Nazicensorship,theroyalfamilyfollowsthetumultuousaffairsoftheir peopleonlythroughthesadlyinadequatelettersoftheirfriends.Since Decembertheyhavehadnowordat alloftheirhomeland.

"Wedonoteverhearmuch,"saidthe duchess."Anditishardtoknowwhat tobelieve.Wedoknowofttrgpriests whoareimprisoned,anditissaidthat theBishopisaprisonerinhisown house."

TheExilesofLuxembourg.

Exiled,followingtheNaziblitzkrieg intheircountry,theroyalpartysetup aprovisionalgovernmentlastJulyin Montreal,Canada,DevoutCatholics, asaremostofthe250,000citizensof theduchy,theroyalrulershaveplaced theirtwosonsinaJesuitschoolin Quebec,whiletheirfourdaughtersare enrolledinaconventschoolinMontreal.

Chicago,oftencalled"LittleLuxembourg"becauseofthe25,000personsof Luxembourgdescentlivingthere,gave theroyalpartyareceptionduringtheir hastyvisitthatcombinedthegrandeur ofmediaevalcourtetiquetteandthe heartyamiabilitycharacteristicofAmericans.

Saidtheduchess:"Ourvisitwasso wonderful;wehavehadourhappiest dayheresinceweleftLuxembourg."

Amazedbythenumberofpeoplewho rememberedher,theduchesstold aboutthetwopolicemenwhoapproachedheratthehotelwiththe greeting:"Weknowyou;Iwasa boxerinLuxembourg,"saidone,and "Iplayedwithyouwhenyouwerea littlegirl;yougavemeatoy,"recountedtheother.

ManyhundredsofothersreminiscencedwiththeduchessofotherdayspeacefuldaysintinyLuxembourg. Theywishedherwellandexpressedthe hopeshewouldsoonreturntoherno, tivecountry.

Tellingofit,theduchesssaid:"Our return-itrestsinthehandsoftheOne above."

CentenaryofOceania'sProtomartyr

28,1841,BRINGSWHOLEOF

JUSTonehundredyearsago,on April28,1841,agrimscenewas enactedinapoorlittlehutin thenativevillageofPoi,Futuna Island,intheSouthSeas.

Withbloodgushingfromaclub woundinthetemple,ayoungpriest droppedtothegroundandfellagainst apileofbamboo.Afewmoments laterhisskullwassplitbyablowfrom anaxewieldedbyamurderoussavage. PeterMarieLouisChanelgavehis lifefortheFaith.

Fouryearspreviously,onJune28, 1837,asailingshiphadenteredthe portofValparaiso,onthewestcoast ofSouthAmerica,bringingtoaclose thefirststageinthejourneyofa groupofMaristmissionaries.They hadtowaitsixweeksinValparaisofor avesseltotakethemtotheirfieldof labour-theislandsofWesternOceania. Onarrival,theSuperiorofthelittle band,BishopPompallier,assignedthem differentdistricts.

AmongthemissionerswasFather Chanel.Despitedelicatehealth,he lefthisnativeFranceandthecomfortsofcivilisationtodevotehimself towinningpagansoulsforChrist.He andalay-brotherwereallottedastheir portionofthenewfieldtheIslandof Futana.

Cannibals.

Whentheycameashore,Father ChanelandtheBrotherwerehospitablyreceived.Thekingpromised themhisprotectionand,intimeof need,theirfood.Awordaboutthese islanders..tnenFatherChanelcame amongthem,theywere,onthewhole, tractable;theyhad,however,some yearspreviously,beencannibals,and thishideouscustomhadnotleftthem unscathedeithermorallyorphysically.

FatherChanelhadtotouchthehand, hewrites,ofmorethanonewretch whohadkilledandcookedhisaged parents!

"Onedaytheypointedouttomean oldmanwhoalone,inavillagecontainingtwoorthreehundred,hadescapedbeingroasted."

Itisthetaskofthemissionaryto adopt,asfarasitisadvisable,thecustomsofthenativesintheplacewhere heisworking.This,hefinds,makes iteasiertomoveamonghisnatives, anditalsomakeshimmoreapproachableastheirfatherandarbitrator.

FatherChanelandhiscompanion, therefore,triedtolivelikethenatives. Theyatethestrange,distastefulfood. Bananasandyamsandsometimesa littlefishconstitutedtheirusualdiet.

Meanwhile,God'sworkadvanced. Therewereconversions.TheSacramentswereadministered)Onthe ChristmasNight,FatherChanelsaid thefirstpublicMassonFutana,and theking,hiscounsellors,andafew nativeswerepresent.Theywere manifestlyawedbywhattheysaw,but therewerestillmany,includingthe king,whowereatheartpagan,andas savageasever.Theirbloodthirsty naturesstillurgedmanytomurderousbattlesamongthemselves.Although,InthismatterFatherChanel showedthathewasneutral,andconsistentlyadvocatedpeace,hisadvice wentunheeded.Littlebylittle,the kingbegantogrowtiredofthisquiet, peace-lovingwhiteman.liestopped visitinghim;soonhisoppositionbecamemoreactive,andpersecutionbeganforthemissionaries.Matters grewfrombadtoworse.Finally,the kingcommissionedapartyofsavages tomurderthepriest.

Veryearlyinthemorning,April28, theseassassinssetoutsecretly.They hadtogoaconsiderabledistance,and, bythetimetheyarrived,Father ChanelhadsaidMassandaportionof hisOffice.liehadsenttheBrother toadistantpartoftheisland,and waswalkinginhislittlegarden.One oftheconspiratorscameupandasked theFatherforsomemedicine,whichhe saidwasrequiredbythering-leaderof theassassins.Heaccompaniedthe missionaryintothehut,whereothers ofthepartysoonappeared.Thepriest wasorderedtogiveupastickwhich hecarried;hedidsowithoutaword. Theringleaderhimselfnowentered, and,whilethemedicinewasbeing soughtfor,heproceededwiththe otherstoseizethemissionaries'belongings.

Whydoyoustealinmyhouse?" askedFatherChanel,gently.

Heenteredanadjoiningroom, wherehefoundhimself,inafewseconds,inthemidstofamenacing throngofsavages.Theyhadbeen dividinghispoorpossessions.The ringleader,impatientatdelay,asked angrilywhytheyhadnotkilledtheir victim.

"Strikequicklyandmakeanendof him,"saidone,givingFatherChanela

violentpush.Athirdranathimwith upraisedclub.Hewardedoffthe blowwithhisarm,whichfellshattered anduselessbyhisside.Asavage rushedupandstruckhimontheleft temple.Bloodgushedforthfromthe wound.

DidNotComplain.

"Itiswell;itiswell."Thesewere theonlywords,ashissavagemurdererstestifiedlater,whichpassedhislips. Heneithercriedoutnorcomplained. Anothersavageranforwardandstruck himviolentlyinthechestwithan ironpointedlance.Thepriestreeled andfell.Thenativewhoatthestart hadtakenhisstickfromhim,struck himrepeatedlywithit,inspiredwith adevilishfury.Stillthemartyrlived. Hewasinasittingpostureonthefloor, hisheadbowed,andhisshouldersrest ingagainstapileofbamboo.Hewas leftsoforatime,whilethemurderers continuedpillagingthehouse.Most ofthemwereanxioustorunaway, havingsatisfiedtheirdesireforloot. Theringleader,however,harangued themandprevailedonthemtoreturn andfinishthebutchery.Whenthey reenteredtheyfoundayoungnative ChristianwithFatherChanel.They forthwiththrewhimout,andthus FatherChanelwasleftalonewiththe brutalmurderers.Theringleader hadfoundanaxeinoneoftherooms, and,runningathisvictim,hestruck himwithitsoviolentlythatthesteel enteredhisskull.Themartyrfell. Hiscrownwaswon.

Immediatelyanenormousclapof thunderresounded.Thesky,hitherto fair,haddarkened.Theveryelementswere,itseems,protestingagainsttheheinousdeed.Thethreesavages,afterhavingtornthecassock fromFatherChanel'sbody,tookto theirheels.Afewnativewomencame upandburiedthesacredremains nearby.

TheMartyrConquered.

Lessthanayearlater,onJanuary 18,1842,aFrenchsloopofwarwent toFutunawithBishopPompallieron board,andaskedforthemartyr's body.Onthe19th.achief,accompaniedbythirtynatives,broughtthe hallowedbody,andatthesametime offeredahugekavarootintokenof peace.Nextday,attheCommander's request,thenativesbroughtallthat couldbefoundontheislandofthe martyr'sbelongings,hischalice,some sacredvestments,asoutane,acrucifix andthen,plainlyseeingthatthe Bishop,inspiteofthewarship'spresence,hadcometotheminnospirit ofrevenge,theyhadconfidencetobeg ontheirkneesthatanothermissionary mightbesenttothem.

Thisunexpectedrequestcouldnot begrantedatonce;but,fourmonths later,onMay29,1842,BishopPornpallierlandedatFutanawiththree priests,twoBrothers,thenowconvertedhighchiefofWallis,andfiftyofhis subjects.Sowelldisposedthenwere thepeopleofFutunathattheBishop, duringhisstay,baptisedandconfirmed104natives,amongstwhomwere thechiefofSigave,hiswifeandlittle daughter.InFebruary,1943,Father Savantcouldwrite:"Itisjustabout eightmonthssincewearrivedatFutuna;wehavealreadytwochurches, 840Christians,and,toallappearances, theremaining300oddcatechumens willsoonbebroughtintotheSaviour's fold."InJuly,1844,anothermissionarywrote:"Allthenativesarebaptised;manyhavealreadymadetheir FirstCommunion;theirbehaviouris trulyedifying;theyonlyrequirea littlemoreinstruction."

Wheretheapostlehadfailed,the martyrconquered;threeyearsafter hisdeaththewholeofFutunawasCatholic.To-day,somefivepriests,includingacoupleofnativepriests,and anumberofnativeSistersareinresidencethere.Ontheneighbouring WiallisIsland,theresidendeofa Vicar-Apostolic,thereisaseminaryfor thetrainingofnativeclergy.Once morethebloodofthemartyrhadbecometheseedofChristians.

"Thebloodofthemartyr":these wordswerewhisperedfromthefirst; wecannowrepeatthemloudlyand clearly,farandwide,sinceourHoly MothertheChurchhasauthorised them.

OnNovember25,1888,FatherPeter MarieChanelwasdeclaredamartyr,andonNovember16,1889,hewas rankedamongtheBlessedoftheHeavenlyCourtsbyasolemndecreeof HisHolinessPopeLeoXIII.

Anothertitleisdestowedonhimin thissamedecree,whichsays:"Thus theillustriousProtomartyrofOceania, havingshedhispurebloodonApril 28,1841,ascendedintoheaven."-"Advncate"

THEBREADBAKEDBY- CORLETTBROS. (LateA.I.P.), isSuperiortothatbakedbyothers. DeliveriesSouthPerth,Victoria ParkandBelmont.

Procers,White,and100percent.Wholemeal,Vienna,andHercules-TheStarchTreeGermLost. 'PhoneM1278,orcallattheBELMONTBAKERY.

MACFARLANE&CO.LTD.

WHOLESALEDAIRYPRODUCEMERCHANTS, POULTERERSANDSMALLGOODSMEN.

BESTQUALITYBUTTER,

EastPerthv.Claremont,atPerth Oval.

Swansv.Subiaco,atBassendean.

EastFremantlev.Perth,atFremantle. "Recorder"selectsClaremont,Swans,

Brieflets.

WestPerth'swinattheW.A.C.A. wasamostdecisiveone.UptoquartertimetheCardinalshadscored7.4to 1,butaftertheintervaltheReds improvedandcamewithinfourteen pointsoftheiropponent'stally.Then theydiedawaytobewellbeaten.

Wests'highmarkingwastheoutstandingfeatureoftheplay.Abrilliantexhibitionwasgiven,andthis, combinedwithpowerfullongkicking, madeWestsappearamostimpressive side.

Theplayerofthethirty-sixwas Hilsz,ofPerth.Heplayedatcentre half-back,andgaveagranddisplay. Histenacitywasremarkableandhe shonewithhiswell-judgedmarkingand accuratekicking.

Onthewinningsidethebestwas McDiarmid,whoplayedveryeffectivelyindefence.Hislongdrop-kicks frequentlyentirelychangedthescene ofaction.

SwansplayedsurprisinglywellagainstClaremont,andthoughtheyhave losttheirtwogamestodatethey haveshownthattheywillnotbea "push-over"foranyoftheteams.

GeorgeMoloneykickedtengoalsfor Claremont,andthisfollowingonhis nineteeninthelastgameoflastseason,giveshim29fortwoconsecutive gamesagainstSwans.

EastFremantlegaveSouthsasound beating.Theywonby76points,and thatbigmarginreflectstheactual meritsofplay.

Naylor,ex-FremantleC.B.C.,was againanoutstandingsuccessasSouths' centrefull-forward,gettingfivegoals.

Subiacomadeamuchbettershowing againstEastPerththanmostpeople expected.Theirnewplayersshowed consistentlybetterformthanthatof thepreviousgame.

TheFounder'sIdeal.

"Footballalwayshasbeen,andalways willbe,tomymind,THEgamefor strongandvigorousmen,forthesimplereasonthatitrequiresallthebest qualitiesinafirst-rateathlete,namely, strength,courage,enduranceandselfcontrol.

"Italsorequiresasufficientamount ofresourceandjudgmenttomakeit reallyinterestingtotheplayer,and yetatthesametimeiseasilyand quicklylearnt.Itisalsomuchmore comprehensibletothegeneralpublic than,forinstance,cricket-andthere arefewdullmomentsforthespectator, theexcitementbeingmaintainedfrom beginningtoend.Onehasonlyto hearthecontinuousroarfromthe vicinityofabigmatchtoknowthat." -TheFounderofOurGame-thelate H.C.A.Harrison.

DotheFairThing! Howcouldthefairthingbedonein thiscase?

Aplayerofaside,requiringone pointtowin,isbroughtdownwithin fiveyardsofthegoal-line,righton thebell.Theawardofafreekick justbeatsthebell,and,ofcourse,the playerbroughtdownillegallyispermittedtotakethekick,butthrough thefaultoftheattacker,hehasinjured hislegsobadlythathecannotkick. Supposeheelectstopunchtheball overthegoal-line,canhethusscore thepointrequiredbyhissidetowin thematch?

Underthepresentrules,hecouldnot. Thatishardlyfair.Hehasbeenrenderedincapableofkickingbyanopponent.Thegamehangsinthebalance.Thebellhasgone.Hemust kick,accordingtotherules,butthrough hisinjuryhecannotkick!Hisopponentmustwinbecausehebrought thatplayerdownandbadlyinjured him.

SPORTINGQUIZ.

AnswerstoLastWeek's Questions.

I.Australiasfirstentryforthe DavisCupwasin1924.

2.JohnL.Sullivan,ex-world's champion,visitedAustraliabut didnotfighthere.

3.VictorTrumperwas21when heplayedhisfirstTestmatch.

4.LesDarcyandFritzHolland metonfouroccasions,eachwinningtwice.

5.Mr.J.0.Inglis,anotedamateurrider,rodehisownhorse, Malua,andwontheV.R.C. GrandNationalHurdle.

ThisWeek'sQuestions.

1.Onlyonehasmadeacentury ineachinningsofaTestv.England,ontwooccasions.Name him.

2.Inboxing,whohadthelonger reach-bigJackJohnsonorlittleTommyBurns?

3.PharLap,instartingfavouriteforthreeconsecutiveMelbourneCups,emulatedanother greatstayer.Givethenameof theother.

4.Ifinmakingastrokeagolfer hitstheballtwice,hog)many strokesmusthecount?

5.Ifatennisplayerinadoublesgameservesoutofturn,the playerwhoshouldhaveserved shallserveassoonasthemistakeisnoticed.Arethepoints scoredtothatstagecountedor cancelled?

It'sallwrong!Whynotlethim disposeoftheball,tohisownadvantage,aswouldbethecaseduringany otherstageofthegame?

Information.

OnsixoccasionsateaminaW.A. Leaguematchhasgonethrougha gamewithoutscoringagoal.

SouthFremantleononeoccasion kicked12.23tonilagainstSubiaco.

Swans,whowereadmittedtothe Leaguein1930,holdtherecordforsuccessinafirstseason.Thisclub-unlikemostothers-almostfromthe jumpproveditselfaworthyopponent ofthebest. Thelowest-scoringmatch-apremiershipgame,too-isthatofthe1915premiershipatPerthOval,whenSubiaco defeatedPerthonthebell,3.3to2.7.

In1936,onehundredandthirtygoals werekickedinthefourLeaguegames, andthatstandsasarecord.

In1909LadyForrestopenedtheSubiacoOvalforplay.Therewasthen onlythesmallwoodenstand.In1923 thebigpublicpavilionwasopened.It cost£6,500. OnJuly29,1922,therainandhail camedownsosolidlyatthe\V.40C.A. Groundthatalltheplayersinthe Perth-EastFremantlegamerushedoff theground,playbeingheldupforten minutes.

In1921,thefinaloftheVictorian Association,betweenWilliamstownand Footscray,wasabandonedduringthe thirdquarteronaccountofaterrific thunderstorm.

In1913,amatchoftheVictorianAssociation,Brightonv.MelbourneCity, wasabandonedathalf-timeonaccount ofextremecold.

TheNorthFremantleClub,after playingsixteenmatchesforonewin, in1915,droppedoutoftheLeague competition.

Itisoftensaid,IvoCrappneveractuallyplayedfootball,althoughhewas suchasuccessfulumpire."Thisisincorrect.Heplayedonefullseasonfor theRainbowF.C.,ofCarlton,Victoria.

HOCKEY

TheW.A.Men'sHockeyAssociation commenceditscompetitionmatcheson Saturday.AnewclubinR.A.A.F. showedgoodform,intieingwithCricketers,1-all.

Inthe"Al"Grade,St.Ildephonsus wasdefeatedbySuburban,5.2.For thewinnersthegoal-hitterswereJohnson(4)andTaylor,andfor''Saints" PatersonandBrand.

In"D"GradeOldAquiniansdefeatedWesley,5-0. Thewinners'goals werehitbyN.Kennedy(2),M.Kennedy(2),andO'Brien.

InJuniorNo.1Grade,OldAquinians. drewwithSubiaco,3-all.

TENNIS

JACKCRAWFORD.

JackCrawfordwasfourtimesAustralianchampion,1931,1932,1933,and 1935. Nootherplayerhasheldthe championshipsooften,andhebeat theAmerican,Vines,fortheWimbledontitlein1933.Lastyear,when itwasclaimedthathewas"finished," hedefeatedJohnBromwichinthree straightsetsinasemi-finaloftheSinglesChampionshipofAustralia,but felltoQuistinthefinal.

InJuly,1933,hemadehistoryfor AustraliaandWimbledon.

HisWimbledonfinal,inwhichVines, theAmericanholder,wasbeatenin fivesets,yieldedoneofthefinestmatcheseverseeninthe53yearsofthe championship.Infact,manyareof theopinionthatinsustainedquality ofplay,mutualattackintheservice, andthetenseexcitementofthelast phase,thetwo-hourcontestbetween theAmericanandtheAustralianwas Wimbledon'sgreatestmatchofalltime.

Therehavebeenactuallyonlyten five-setfinalsatWimbledon,butnone hadtheanti-climaxofthisgreatcontest.Itwasaperfectdayfortennis, andeverybodywhocouldgainadmittancewasthere.Inthemembers' standwerestationedpracticallyevery livingchampionofthepast.Nota seatinthegreatstadiumwasempty, andhundredshadtobecontentto waitforthescorestoberelayed.

Thematchbeganquietly,withboth playerssparringforanopeningand warminguptheirservicearms.Vines wasthefirsttogetgoing.Inthe thirdgamehebegantounwindhis mightydrives,andsoonCrawfordwas stretchingforballswhichflickedthe linesinfarcornersofthecourt.Three serviceas.e4inonegame,andnearly afourthinanothergame,gavetheAmericanthelead-5-2--andthesetappearedtobehisforthetakingwhen Crawfordrallied,andhisrapier-like thrustsfoundholesinVines'defences fortwogames,buthecouldnotstem thetorrentandthefirstsetwentto Americaat6-4.

Thesecondsetwasanepicof20 games.Bothmenrealiseditsvalue andstrovegallantlyforthehonours. ForVinestowinwouldgivehimalien onthematch-forCrawfordaloss wouldmeanasternuphillfight.

Itwasservice-governed,rightupto thelastgame,whenCrawford,amid thunderousapplause,turnedbacktwo. cannon-balldeliveriesandwonthetwo gamesbreak.

CrawfordhadlearnedinAustralia toblockthosewitheringblows,asthe Frenchmen,LacosteandCochet,used todo,andtheknowledgestoodhim ingoodstead.Theartrequiresa keeneye,andthecouragebornofexperience.Crawfordhadthemall.

Therewasmuchmoreintheset thanaserviceduel,andthesparkleof geniuswasalwaysthere.Crawford couldpossiblyhavewonitearlier,if hehadelectedtovolleymore.He madefewmovestothenet,butwhen hedidablowaimedatVines'backhandcornerwacgenerallysuccessful. ThiswastheAmerican'svulnerable point,ifitcouldbesaidhehadany.

Alwaysonegameaheadbyvirtueof hisservice,Crawfordtwicecamewithinapol;ptofbreakingthroughtheserviceorVines.Thathecouldnotdo so,untilthetwentiethgame,isatributetothestaunchnessoftheAmerican.Vineswasatthenetmorethan inthefirstset,andhisvollieswere generallywithoutanswer.Inthe20th. game,Vines,forthefirsttime,failed togetoneofhisfirstservicesinto courtandCrawfordwasquicktoseize theadvantage.

Atthebeginningofthethirdset (ConcludedNextWeek.)

DERBY'S

MURRAYSTREET,PERTH.

Phones:B9731(threelines)

B7777 B3588

B9101(twolines)

REGISTEREDW.A.T.A.

ALEXRODOREDA

TurfCommissionAgent 802HAYSTREET. AGENTFORW.A.CHARITIES. RingB5841andB5236.

AllKeenHousewivesMEATat BONNY'S MT.HAWTHORN'SLEADING BUTCHER, PromptDeliveriesDaily. 'PhoneB4333,orcallat 414OXFORDSTREET.

TROTTING

TherewillbeameetingatGloucesterParkonSaturday.Belowisthe programmewithasuggestedplaceinvestmentforeachrace:W.A.Breeders'Handicap,1mile3 furlongs:GoodGift.

BridgetownHandicap,1mile5furlongs:BaronAntique.

BunburyHandicap,1mile5furlongs:CountryBoy.

BusseltonHandicap,1mile5furlongs:RyelandChief. HighClassHandicap,1mile5furlongs:Queen'sGift.

ManjimupHandicap,1mile5furlongs:LibyanLady. HarveyHandicap,1mile5furlongs: King'sGuide.

See"TheHawk's"SelectionsforRacingandTrottingelsewhereinthisissue.

RACING

RacingonSaturdaywillbeatBelmontPark.

BYEASTERNSCRIBES.

TheGrandNationalswillbeonusin notime.Alreadymanyyounghorses arebeingputtohurdleracing.

Valhalla,starhurdleroftheSpring, andBureaucrat,bestoftheAutumn, havestartedtraining.CheeryJack, lastyear'swinner,iswellforward, havingrunthirdinahandicapatthe recentA.J.C.Autumnmeeting.

BillBurke,oneofAustralia'sbest jumpers,hasmovedhisnovicesteeplechaserDruspearfromFlemingtonto thehillcountryatPascoeVale,where hehastrainedNationalwinners.Burke likestogetanearlystart.-"Ascot."

ItisonthecardsthattheVictoria RacingClubwillerectawireacross thetrackatFlemington,fromthe judge'sbox,asameansofassistingthe judgeinclosefinishes.TheA.J.C. introducedthewireatRandwicksome timeago.

Iunderstandthatthechairman(Sir AlanCurrie)wasimpressedwiththe judgingfacilitiesatRandwick,where heattendedtherecentautumnmeeting,andthathewillbringthematter beforetheV.R.C.committee.-"Ascot."

Itwouldnotsurprisemeifthe WesternAustralianpair,Sanovanand Yodvara,tookahandinthefinishof theGoodwood-Cupdouble.Mr.W.P. OliverarrivedinAdelaidefromPerth withthesetwo,accompaniedbyBusy Girlandlleyington,onlyafewweeks ago.Evenifashareofthebigprizes eludeshim,thetripshouldstillbeprofitable,asBusyGirlandSanovanhave eachwonarace.-RobertAllan.

AfterNevizes'showingintheGreat EasternSteeple,Ishouldsaythat trainerBillBurkeisalreadyforming ideasofanotherGrandNationalSteeplewin.IconsiderthatBurkehas agreatchanceofwinningthisraceas, besidesNevizes,hehasoneofthemost promisingyoungsteeplechasersIhave seeninDruspear.-"Darriwell."

AfterseeingUnishakandPrince ArielraceatAscotrecently,Ithink theywillwintheGoodwoodHandicap andAdelaideCupfortrainerF.Godbv. -"Norlen."

BOXING

TOMMYBURNS.

Only5ft.7in.tall,andweighing about12st.121b.,TommyBurnsinhis daywasthebusiestheavyweightchampionoftheworld.NoahBrussowas hisrealname,andhewasaFrenchCanadianbybirth.Heheldthetitle forlessthantwoyears,andsuccessfullydefendeditonelevenoccasions, untilhewasbeatenbyJackJohnsonat Rushcutter'sBayStadiumonBoxing Day,December,1908.

Indiscussingtheheavyweightchampions,pastandpresent,Burnsisoften overlooked,andyettherecordsshow thathedidmorehardfightingwhile inpossessionofthecrownthananyof theothers,fromJohnL.Sullivan down.However,thepresentchampion,JoeLouis,hashad16successful fightssincehewonthetitlefromJim Braddock,andthatisnowtherecord.

AfterJeffrieshadretiredin1902, heavyweightcompetitiondidnotattractmuchattention.Jeffrieswas suchawonderfulchampionthatit seemedimpossibletoproducehis equal.Inordertorevivethefights intheheavyweightclass,JeffrieshandedthechampionshiptoMarvinHart, asasuitablerewardfordefeatingJack Root,butHart,earlyin1906,losthis titletoBurnsonapoints'decisionover 20rounds.

Burns,unlikesomeotherchampions, didnotenjoyalongrest,andfollowing onhisvictoryoverHart,hetookon PhiladelphiaJackO'Brien,thenworld light-heavyweightchampion.Inspite ofO'Brien'sremarkableboxingskill, Burnsheldhisownandsecuredadraw.

In1907"BostherBill"Squires,championofAustralia,tackledBurns,who knockedhimoutinthefirstround withaquickright-handertothejaw. Beforethatyearended,Burnsstopped GunnerMoir,inEngland,inten rounds,defeatedJoeGrimm,"TheIron Man,"inthreerounds,andinareturn fightwithJackO'Brienwononpoints over20rounds.

TommyBurnsvisitedEnglandin 1908andknockedoutthree"heavies"JackPalmerinfourrounds,JemRoche inthree,andJeweySmithinfive.

ThenhecametoAustraliaoncemore

4,

toearnfurtherfame.BillSquires, ourchampion,wasknockedouttwice byBurns,thefirstendingintheeighth round,andthesecondinthethirteenth. BurnsalsostoppedBillLang,erst, whileofthisState,insixrounds,after whichheacceptedJackJohnson,and before20,000spectors,Burns,entirely toolightandsmalltogiveagoodas countofhimself,pluckilytookabad beatinguntilthepolicestoppedthe slaughterinthe14th.round. Burns'agreementwiththepromoter, HughD.McIntosh,was"0,000,win, loseordraw."

ELECTRICALENGINEERANDCONTRACTOR.

W.H.BRANCH

STONEHAMSTREET, OSBORNEPARK.

EstimatesGivenforAllKindsofElectricalWork. BreakdownsPromptlyAttendedTo. TEL.:B2386.

W1546) F.C.FORD (W1546I

288aCAMBRIDGESTREET,WEMBLEY.

DELIVERSTHEPRIMESTOFMEATTHROUGHOUTWEMBLEY, JOLIMONT,andFLOREATPARK.

FORD'SSAUSAGESAREDELICIOUS,TASTY,andNUTRITIOUS.

YellowCabs RepairsAllMakes ofCars

HydraulicGreasingLift DucoExperts AGOODJOBATAFAIRPRICE ALLREPAIRSUNDERFOREMAN'SPERSONALSUPERVISION. LENHOPE,Foreman. W.R.MADDEFORD,Manager.

REEVESandSON,Bakers

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'PHONES:M1227andU1439. "THERE'SALOAFOFQUALITYINEVERYSLICE.'

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654ALBANYROAD,VICTORIAPARK.

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'PHONEM1184ANDLETYOURPAYENVELOPELIVELONGER.

CHRIS.WORSLEYQualityandHygienic

becoveredbyletterofauthorisation,andmust beTypewrittenorinBlockLetters.

CONTRACTRATESforgeneraladvertisingonapplicationtothe AdvertisingManager.

TheManagementreservetherighttorefuseanyadvertisementIt deemsobjectionable,andacceptsnoresponsibilityforanylosssustained fromerrorswhichmayappearinadvertisements.

AllenquiriesconcerningAdvertisementsshouldbeaddressedtothe ADVERTISINGMANAGER,"THERECORD,"450HAYSTREET,PERTH, WestAustralia.

EminentCatholicHistorian

THECatholicChurch,andindeed thewholeworldoflearning,has sustainedalossintherecent deathofMonsignorJohnPeterKirsch, oneoftheoutstandinghistoriansofour day.HewasbornatDippach, emburg,onNovember3,1861,ordained in1884,andduringthenextsixyears actedaschaplainoftheCampSantoin Rome,wherehelaidthefoundationfor hislateracademiccareer.HerehebecamethefirstdirectoroftheHistoric InstituteoftheGoerresSocietyinthe EternalCity.In1890hewasappointedProfessorofPatrologyandChristianArchaeologyattheUniversityof Fribourg,Switzerland,andfromthat timehisnamewasintimatelyconnected withthegreatstrideswhichthisseatof learningmadeinuniversitylifeinEurope.Hetaughtthereoverforty years,evenafterhisappointmentas DirectoroftheArchaeologicalInstitute inRomein1926.In1904,inrecognitionofhisoutstandingleadershipin historyhewasmadeaDomesticPrelate.

Thestudentswhospenttheiryears atFribourgfoundinMonsignorKirsch amostkindlymanwhoknewhowtoinstillloveforhisbranchoflearninginto theirhearts.Fromtimetotimethey returnedtotheirAlmaMatertopay theirrespectstotheireminentprofessor.

Intheacademicworldhebecame speciallyprominentbyre-editingfrom 1902to1906theChurchhistoryof CardinalHergenroether,whichwas translatedintoItalian,Frenchand Spanish.PopePiusXwroteonMay 5,1904,inrecommendingtheItalian translation,thatitisaworkwhich''on accountoftherichmaterial,theexcellenceofitsstyleanditsripejudgment ismosthighlypraisedbythelearned world."ButMonsignorKirschwas notsatisfiedwiththisachievement.In 1930inconjunctionwithseveralother savantsherecastit,andatthattime awriterinthe"CatholicHistoricalReview"calledthefirstvolumewhich camefromhispenthe"mostcompre-

hensiveandup-to-datehistoryofthe earlyChurchwhichwehaveinanylanguage."

MonsignorKirschbecameoneofthe mostprominentcontributorstothe "CatholicEncyclopaedia"andhisname isfoundineveryvolume.Hisarticles. ontheearlySaintsoftheChurchand thePopesofthatperiodaremostilluminating,buthewasalsoathomein manyotherfieldsofthisbranchofecclesiasticallearning.Thus,toname onlyafewsubjects,hewroteonEcclesiasticalHistoryingeneral,onthe Reformation,onSavonarola,the"Liber Pontificalis,"AnastasiustheLibrarian, andmanyothers. Ofhisotherworksthe"RomanTitularChurchesinAntiquity"(1918),the "Station-churchesintheRomanMissal"(1926),madehisnamepriminent inChristianarchaeology.Hebecame alsoaregularcontributortomany journals,especiallythe"Roemische Quartal-schrift"since1887,the'Studies intheHistoryandCultureofAntiquity"andthe"RevistadiArcheologia Cristiana."Hisencyclopediclearning wasappreciatedbythelearnedhistoricalworld,andwhenthefirstvolumeof theepochalworkofErichCasparon thePapacyappearedin1930theeditorsofthe"HistorischesJahrbuch" askedtheMonsignortowriteareview ofthiswork.Thisbecamethebest thatwaswrittenaboutit. MonsignorKirsch'saiminwriting historywasthehighestthatwecanexpectfromanyCatholic,andheexpressedthisinthelastwordsofhis churchhistory:"Ontheruinsofthe oldchurchesnewonesarose,thedestroyedmissionswererebssilt,artand scienceattainednewheights,'pietyassumednewforms,theApostolicSeereceivednewsupportandnewhouours, andthusthewordswhichwerewrittenonagoldenbackgroundinthecupolaofSt.PeterinRomestillhold good:"ThouartPeteranduponthis rockIwillbuildmyChurchandthe gatesofHellshallnotprevailagainst it."

PamphletTellsLittle AboutJesuits

Inconnectionwiththeobservanceof thequadricentennialoftheSocietyof Jesus,theRev.DanielA.Lord,S.J., editorof"TheQueen'sWork"(U.S.A.), haswritten"WhatIsAJesuit?"for thenationalPamphlet-A-MonthGuild.

Thepriest-authorrevealssomelittle knownfactsabouttheJesuitOrder. Forinstance,thenameJesuitwasnot oftheSociety'sorigin,butwasfirst usedasaninsult.Membersofthe Orderfeltflatteredandadoptedthe inventionoftheirenemies.

ThatJesuitsarepreparingtoreturn toRussiaistoldinasectiondealing withdictatoropposition,whichFather Lordexplainsasfollows:

"Absolutismortotalitarianismis certaintodislikeJesuits.Whena tyrantoradespoticrulermeansto fastenhisruleorwhimonanationhe mustofnecessitygetridoftheChurch. Moreimportantstill,hemustclosethe Church'sschools.Fornomatterwhat faithorlackoffaiththedespotprofesses,hecannotbesupremewhilethe Churchisteachingyoungmindsthat overeveryrulerthereisthesupreme rulerandthatChristgavetoallmen adignitythatcannotbesuppressedby tyrantorcodeordespotism.

"Ontheotherhandthedespotissure thatonceCatholiceducationisdenied tochildrenhecaneasilywinthemto himandawayfromtheChurch.So throughouthistoryweseehiminvariablyhittingattheJesuitschools.The Jesuitsaredrivenoutoftheircolleges; theirschoolsareconfiscatedbythe State;theeducationalgripofthe Churchupontheyoungmindand heartisnotablyweakened.

"Theyareexpelledandtheirschools areconfiscatedbecausetheyinsiston theprinciplesofBellarmineand Suarez,greatJesuittheologiansand lawyers,whofloutedthedivineright ofkingsandtaughtthefundamentals ofhumanrights;liberty,dignity,and equalityunderGod,fundamentalsfrom whichwasbornallmoderndemocracy."

AstocalumniesabouttheJesuits, FatherLordemphasisesthattheavowedenemiesoftheSociety,whoinstigatethem,refusetoinvestigatethe Order.Inthisconnectionhestresses:

"InfactwhatirritatesaJesuitmost isthat,entirelyaccessibleasheis,he ispresentedandexplainedtotheworld bypeoplewhosimplywon'tcallon himtotalkhislifeoverwithhimand whowon'tbotherreadanythingabout himthatwasn'twrittenbyanavowed enemy."

Inreferencetotheobedienceof Jesuits,FatherLordamplifies:

KnownFacts

Ithasalways measstrange thattheverysamepeoplewhovastly admiretheobedienceofasoldierfind theobedienceofaJesuituglyandunnatural.Theywritepoemsinpraise oftheLightBrigadedashingtoits doombecausesomebodyordered(he blunderedasheordered),andthen theywritevolumesdenouncingthe JesuitsbecausetheygiveimplicitobediencetoChristandtothosewhom theJesuitsregardastheofficersin Christ'sarmy."

GIVECIVICOFFICIALSCATHOLIC VIEWPOINT.

.St.Louis,U.S.A.

Emphasisingthatcivilauthorities mustberecognised,regardlessofpersonalfeelingsorpoliticalaffiliations, "TheQueen'sWork"here,American centralofficeoftheSodalityofOur Lady,urgesSodaliststoendeavourto spreadthefaithamongelectedpfficials.

"Someofourcivicrulersarg-Catholie;manyarenot,"thebulletincontinues."Nomatterwhattheirreligiouspersuasionis,thefactremainsthat theirdutiesarevariedandnumerous, andtheydonotalwayshavetheopportunityortimetoreadallthatwe thinktheyshould.Dependingupon ourowninterestsandthoseofour rulers,beintelligentandzealousin tryingtoreachthemwithCatholic thought.Markedcopiesofnewspapers,magazinesorpamphlets,mailed personally,willatleastacquaintthem withthefactthatyouareanxiousfor themtoknowtruth.Personalletters onparticularsubjectsoftimelyinterest willmakeadefiniteimpression.Copies oftheencyclicals-withcertainparagraphsmarked-willbeinstructive.

"Inallofyourefforts,however,be waryofappearingthereligiouscrank; beobjective.Butalsoberighteous. Ifanyoverstepshisbondsordoesanythingcontrarytojustice,beveryspecificinyourobjections;ifheactsin accordwithrighteousness,becourteous incommendinghim.

"Keepthisprojectaspositiveas possible.Inotherwords,whenpossible,trytoadvancetruthratherthan denounceactionsthatarecontraryto truth."

TROCKTONROADSTORES (W.H.I3EVAN).W.M.1337. SPECIALISESINDRESSED POULTRYANDFRESHEGGS. AlsoStocksGroceries,Vegetables, SmallGoods,etc.

I OwPricesArePerthPrices. 5mmaimmusaimmoursuismirionmenemeasuniu

TheBushies'Corner

DearCornerite5,-TheLemonade

Bottlehasbeendoingfairlywellduringthepastfewweeks,butthereare ofaslumpcomingandI dohopealllo.01,corneriteswillpreventthat,asweneedsomuchmore yetforthe£100objectivetoberealised beimetheendoitheyear.Attheend ofJuneIwillletyouknowhowmuch wehavecollectedduringthesix months,asIpromisedpreviously,and againattheendofSeptember.You willthenknowhowthingsstandand perhapsmakeagoodresolutiontohelp theCornermoreandmoreduringthe remainingmonths.Ifyousendalittleeverymonthormoreoftenitwill makeavastimpressiononthefunds alreadycollectedfortheBushies.

AUNTBESSY.

DearAuntBessy,-Pleaseacceptthis smallofferinginthanksgivingtoSt. Anthonyfor"afind.-Bestwishes.

ANONYMOUS.

DearAnonymous,-Thankyouso muchforyourlittledonation.Everythinghelpsusnearertothe£100objective,andeventhesmallestamount isverygratefullyreceivedfortheLemonadeBottle.

AUNTBESSY.

Kalgoorlie.

DearAuntBessy,-Iamasisterof Kath,Tess,andJohn,whohavesent letterstoyoubefore.Iameightand gotoSt.Mary'sSchoolsincelast Christmas.Beforethatwelivedat Inglewood,whichwasanicerplace butIamgettingusedtoKalgoorlie now.To-daytheArchbishopwasup hereforConfirmation,butIamtoo youngyettobeConfirmed.Ithink over100were-C.nfirmed. Ihavethree

STAMPS.

Usedstampsmaybesentinto theCorner.Thesearesoldandthe moneygoesintotheLemonade Bottleandhelpstowardsthetotal attheendoftheyear-IfyoucannothelptheCornerinanyother waysendalongsmalldonationsof stampsasfrequentlyasyoucan.

dolls.TheyareBlackSally,Margaret andAnne.Allmyauntsanduncles livedownatPerth,andsodoKath andJohn.Itiscoldatnighthereand wehavefires,butithasnotrained. Wehaveaverybigpeppertreeto playunderonthehotdays.Igoto bedateighto'clockeverynight. Mummygaveme2/6fortheBushie Babies.Shesaiditisagoodlittle wayforchildrentohelptheFaithin Australia.Yououghttoseewhich schoolcansendthemostpenniesbeforetheschoolholidaysatChristmas. Tess,Betty,andDannygotoschool withme,andKevingoestotheBrothers.

MARGARETMcLERNON.

DearMargaret-Iwassosorryyour letterarrivedtoolateforthecompetition,asSandyhadalreadyjudgedthe lettersandpostedawaytheprize.However,betterlucknexttime.Sendit inearlierwhenthenextcompetitionis running.IdohopeyouwilllikelivinginKalgoorlie.Itisquiteanice placewhenyougetusedtoit,andI havelotsoffaithfulcorneritesupthere whohelptheBushiesCause.Ire-

ceivedyour2/6safely,andplease thankyourmummyverymuchfor givingittoyoutosendalong. AUNTBESSY.

CARDBOARDBRIGADE.

Theformationofthe1941Brigadehasnowbeenbegunandthe Cornerwouldwelcomehardened warriorsorrawrecruitsonapplicationtoHeadquarters.Theywill beacceptedonthestrengthof theirenthusiasmfortheCauseof theBushiesandontheirwillingnesstohuntdownthenecessary thirtypenniesthatwillmaketheir collectingcardeffectiveforthe captureofthe1941objective.A nom-de-plumemaybeusedforletterstotheCorner,butallapplicationsforcardsmustbeaccompaniedbyfullnameandaddress.

LEMONADEBOTTLE.

mifoi 00-40 011111114

AcknowledgedWithThanks.

Skipjack

Anonymous 26

0

MargaretMcLernon 26

AnOldFriend 10

T.N.MURGATROYD

58ERICSTREET,COTTESLOE.

HOUSERENOVATORPAINTER&DECORATOR.

'PHONE:F2054.

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DentalSurgeon

133ROKEBYROAD,SUBIACO (LateMcGovern's/.RingW1191

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WEGUARANTEEEMPLOYMENT

Lastyearwerecordedover500vacancies.Considerthesefigures. Over500girlsandboyswereplacedinofficepositions.500familieswere savedallworryregardingemploymentfortheirsonsanddaughters500youngpeopleweremadesemi-independent-earningtheirownliving.Someofthemweregiven2or3appointmentsbeforetheywere finallysettled.

EmployersfilltheirvacancieswithC.C.C.graduatesbecausethey arebettertrained.EveryC.C.C.graduate,inadditiontotheordinary Collegetraining,gets2to3months'practicalexperienceinourown offices.Onqualifyingtheygetgoldefficiencybadges,firstappointments andfreeemploymentserviceforlife.

Getdetails.Our"GuidetoBusinessTraining"willbesupplied freeonrequest.

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(ContinuedfromFrontCover./

Itwascertainlynotinthespiritof Catholicismtoyieldtothepessimism ofourageandtoresignoneselfhelplesslytothepresentconditionofsociety.Thatwaswhyhebeggedthem tostudythestatementsthathadimpressedsomanywiththeirsanity, theircogentandtemperedreasoning, andtheirbreadthofvision. Heprayedthatwiththewholeheartedco-operationofallChristian men,animatedbythoseChristianprinciples,the"neworder"towhichthe worldaspiredwouldgivesecurity,justiceandprosperitytoallranksofsociety.

LabourDay Mass

OnLabourDay,intheCathedral, Masswascelebratedat9o'clockbythe Rev,FatherDonnellyandRev.Father McBridepreached.

JusticeandCharity.

YouwereprivilegedyesterdaytolistentoaStatementbytheCatholicBishopsofAustraliaoncertainsocial questionsandalsotohearaneloquent andilluminatingcommentaryupon them.To-dayyouhavegatheredhere toassistatMassandtocelebrateina trulyChristianandessentiallyCatholicmannerthisnationalremembrance oftherightsanddutiesoftheworking man,saidFatherMcBride.

Youhaveallreadabout,oratleas.; heardabout,thegreatworkdonefor socialjusticebyPopeLeoXIII,the firstgreatvindicatorofTrade

Official

AsusualCoganscanoffer youfor1941,thefinest RAINCOAT and OVERCOAT rangeintheState.Eachand everygarmentofhighclassmake -priced,though,forpopularselling.Itcostsnomoretobesmart whenyoushopat

Unionism,andbythelatePopePius XI-butifyouknowanythingofwhat thesegreatmenhavesaid,youwill noticethat,whiletheylaydownprinciplesofjustice,theyalsospeakofthe charitywhichmustaccompanythat justice.

Thecryonehearsto-dayis:itis notcharitythatwewantbutjustice" -thatisaplausiblecry,butitisalso adangerousone-ifitisnotcharity thatyouwantbutjustice,thenGod grantthatyoumayneverhaveit; forjusticewithoutcharitymaybea monstrousthing.Itisthisjustice withoutcharitywhichmakesthepages ofhistoryterribletoread.Inthe nameofjusticewholepeoplesareenslaved-inthenameofjusticeatthis momentbeautifulandhistoriccities arebeingdelivereduptotheflamesretributoryjustice;butpaganjustice islittleelseandthejusticeofthe worldissometimesnotmuchmore.

Therehavebeenfewactsofspoliationandoppressionwhichhavenot madejusticetheirexcuse.Shylock claimedhispoundoffleshonthescore ofjustice:"Thelawallowsit,"hesaid, andhewasright.Thedemandsfor reparationsandsoonwhichfillthe airinourowntimeallrestuponthe bedrockofjustice-butthebedrockof justiceisanunyieldingstonewithno faintestwarmthofhumanityaboutit.

Clearly,then,ifweareeffectively andlastinglytobringaboutimprovementsinsocialconditions,wemust bindoursocialprogrammewiththe goldenthreadsofChristiancharity- charitywhichmeansawhole-hearted loveforGodandofourfellowmenoutofloveforGod.Youheard yesterdaytheprinciplesofsocialjustice;to-dayIaskyoutoprovidethe charityinyourownlives.Thoseof youwhoareherethismorningareI presumetheonesinwhoselivesthe loveofGodisadominantmotive.You haveasplendidcrusadebeforeYouthatoflivingalifeofvividFaith,of unwaveringloyaltytoyourChurch anditsteachings.Letyouractive workforthepromulgationanddefenceofChristiansocialjusticebe foundedonthebedrockofprayerand apracticalCatholiclife.Turnever moreandmoretoChrist,trulypresent uponyouraltars,andyouwillprevail.

WhenyouturntoChristyouturnto Himwhooverthrewthepaganismof ancientRomeandmadesaintsofthe sonsofGothsandVandals.Isthe presentsocialreformabiggertask thanthat?BringHimintoyour heartbyHolyCommunion,andbring otherstothesametable,fornoman canbringChristintoHisheartand failtobemoreaman.

Learning,Discussing,Practising. Youmaysaythisisaveryindirect wayofattackingmodernevils-that weshouldstudythemandtheircauses andattackthosecauses.Byallmeans, forthisismostessential.Seizeevery opportunityoflearning,discussingand practisingorsupportingCatholicsocial principles.Talkofthematyourwork, toyourfriends-givethembooksand papersshowinghowyourChurchhas asetofsocialprinciples,andwillsupportandencourageeverystepinthe rightdirection;but,aboveall,before allelse,letyourownlifemirroryour teachingandyourownheartseekever moreandmoretheloveandknowledgeofGodandunhesitatingfidelity toHislawsandteachings.Ifyou dothis,victoryisyours.Ifyoudoubt me,letusturnbackthepagesofhistor.

Nineteencenturiesagoamancame alongtheAppianWayandintoRome bythePortaCapena.Ashecame hesawspreadbeforehimalltheoutwardsplendourofwealth,ofluxury, ofmilitarypower,alltheinsolence,the might,thepridethatwasRome.And hepassedunnoticedintotheJewish quarterandwaslostinthecrowd. ButfromtheJewishGhettothatuncouthGalileanfishermanconquered Rome-"ThouartPeter."

To-day,anotherman,weakinbody, weakinthepowerofthisworld,faces intrepidlytheworldandtheprideof life.WiththewisdomofGodandof thecenturieshespeaksthesamemessagethatcamefromRomesolong ago-"ThouartPeter."InthisGodgivenwisdom,thisGod-givencourage, weCatholicsfindourinspirationfor thisnew,yetage-old.taskofteaching allnations,eventotheuttermostends oftheearth-"ThouartPeter the gatesofhellshallnotprevail." Thisisourvictory-ourFaith.

Wanted:

LEADERS

ITwouldbedifficulttoexaggerate theimportanceofhavingsuitableleaders-layleaders-ofCatholic Action.Ifagroupistobesuccessful, itmusthaveleaders;forthemembers ofthegroupwillfollowtheleaders. Thismeansspecialtraining.training inthesubjectsthatinterestthegroup, andtraining(nolessurgent)forleadership.Theleadermustknowhowto lead.

Nowthistrainingofleadersisalong job;anditmustbedonebeforeany attemptismadetoextendthegroup. Theleadersmustbequitereadyto leadtherest(whowillalwaysbethe majority)theymustknowwhither theywanttoleadthem,andhowsuccessfullytoleadthemtotheirgoal.No group-howeverwilling,howeverwell equipped,howeverwellorganisedin otherrespects-cansurvivebadleadership:andbadleadershipmeans vagueleadership(whenthereisno defiiteplan,nothingarrangedahead, nothingdefiniteandpracticalaimed at)orincompetentleadership(when theleaderdoesnotknowhowtokeep discussionsmoving,howtoinspire others,howtokeeptoasyllabuswithouttoomuchformality).Andmany groupsthatpromisedwellatthebeginninghavedied(oraremoribund) becausetheyhadnoleadersreadyto takeoverfromthebeginning.

Thistrainingofleadersistherefore thefirsttaskofCatholicAction.

Thosemustbetrainedtoleadwho havethetimetogivetothejob,the knowledgeforthejob,thezealforthe job.Giventhezeal(andthetime), theknowledgecanbe'acquired:inspecialleaders'groups.IfCatholicActionistobeasuccess,ifitistoinfluenceasitshouldthelifeofthecommunity,ifitisnottobeadiscouraging failure,wemusthavetrainedleaders.

Thisisthelessonexperiencehas taughteverywhere-intheotherStates ashereinPerth-anditisthelessonof anexcellentpamphletjustpublished bytheAustralianCatholicTruthSociety:/hisisCatholicAction,'byMr. K.Mitchell-apamphletalreadysold outhere,andonewhicheveryoneinterestedinCA.shouldbuyandponder.

Indeed,ithasmatterenoughforhalf adozendiscussions.Forthesuccess ofC.A.dependsontheleaders:the training,detailedandspecialised,of leadersisessentialandurgent.

SAYSDEMOCRACYWILLWIN. Buffalo,U.S.A.

Democracywillemergetriumphant, irrespectiveoftheoutcomeofthepresentwar,theRev.DanielA.Lord, S.J.,emphasisedinanaddressbefore theWesternNewYorkStudentSodalityConferenceatCanisiusCollegehere.

"IftheAxiswins,therewillbea worldrevoltbacktodemocracywithin tenyears,"hepredicted.

CHINA,

OTLEY

Late

WorldSodality Day,May11

St.Louis,U.S.A.

"TheSodalitycontributontoWorld Reconstruction"istheprimarytheme ofWorldSodalityDay,May11,accordingtoadvicesfromthe"PrimaPrimaria,"worldSodalitysecretariatein Rome,receivedat"TheQueen's V'ork"here,Americancentralofficeof theSodalityofOurLady.

Thistheme,saysthe"PrimaPrimaria,"shouldbeoneofprayer,study andresolutionsinthelightofthe HolyFather'sChristmasdiscourse, whichstressedtriumphoverhate,mistrust,egoismoverprinciplesthatmight makerightandthosethatdenieda properstandardoflivingtoall.

Thesecondthemeisthepractical sanctityandapostolateofBlessed BernardineRealinoandBlessedJohn deBritto,bothamongtheSodalityItlesseds,whomaybecanonisedthis year.

SpecialprayersareurgedforGod's blessingsonthewholeSodalitymovement,thedeepersanctificationofall Sodalists,andfortheirmoregenerous dedicationtotheapottoktteinallits forms;foralltheSodalistsofEurope, victimsofthewarorofpersecution; fortheSodalistPopeandallofhisintentions.

Inconnectionwiththerecognition tobegivenbySodalists,attheirMay 11observances,tothefiftiethanniversaryofthegreatencyclicalofPope LeoXIII,"RerumNovarum,"andthe tenthof"QuadregesimoAnno,"by PopePiusXI,"TheQueen'sWork,"in abulletin,says: "AmericanSodalists,inparticular, willrecallwithgratificationthatthe greatestcontributiontoRerumNovarum'wasmadebyourownCardinal Gibbons,whose"dossier'toPopeLeo -defendingLabouranditsrightswasprobablytheonlyoneavailableto PopeLeofromalltheworldofthat time,favouringtheworkingclasses. Thishalfforgottenhistoricalfactwas calledrecentlytotheattentionofAmericanCatholicsbyHisExcellency, ArchbishopJohnJosephGlennon,at theSt.LouissessionoftheCatholic ConferenceonIndustrialProblems,His Excellency,deanoftheAmericanHierarchy,spansthefiftyyearsencompassedbythegreatEncyclicalsembracingasitdoesthetimeofLeoXIII downthroughthePontificatesofPius X,BenedictXV,PiusXI,tothepresentPiusXII.'

ASOLIDDEMAND.

Therehasbeenasoliddemandfor ticketsintheNo.94CharitiesConsultation,andcomparingthisk4lesperiod withthatofthepreviousconsultation thepopularityofWestetnAustralia's greathalf-crownsweepshowsnosigns ofdiminishing.Getyourticketsnow. Thefirstprizeis£6,000.