The Record Newspaper 01 May 1941

NewBishops'StatementonSocialOrder: "JUSTICENOW!"

FOREWORD.

(BytheMostRev.J.D.Simonds,D.D.,Ph.D.,SecretaryoftheEpiscopal CommitteeonCatholicAction)

LastyeartheAustralianHierarchydirectedthattheSundaywithin theoctaveofSt.Joseph'sPatronageshouldbeknowneachyearasSocial JusticeSunday,whenspecialattentionwouldbegiventothepublic expositionofCatholicsocialprinciples.ThisactionoftheHierarchy wasreceivedwithwidespreadinterestandsympathy,andtheofficial StatementofCatholicprincipleswhichwasissuedfortheoccasionexcitednation-wideinterest.Itisnctpresumptuoustoclaimthatthe unitedCatholicvoice,whichwasheardthroughoutAustralialastyeardemandingthatChristianprinciplesshouldbeappliedtooursociallife, fortifiedthedeterminationoftheAustralianpeopletotakeatleast onedefinitestepinthatdirectionbyestablishingfamilyendowmentas anelementinournationalsocialpolicy.

OntheoccasionofthesecondSocial JusticeSundaytheAustralianNational SecretariatofCatholicActionhaspreparedthefollowingstatementwhich reaffirmssomebasicprinciplesthat touchathoroughlyCatholicconcept, thefamilywage,andindicateshow theyshouldextendnotmerelytoindustrialworkers,whosenumerical strengthisalreadyhighlyorganised, buttoeverymemberofthehuman familywhofeelsthatlifeisaveritable struggleforexistence.Thestatement isatimelyone,forfamilyendowment, whichisnowanacceptedprinciplein ourmidst,isbutonefacetofthe broaderprincipleofthefamilywage, andofthestillmorefundamentalquestionoftherolewhichtheChristian family.:couldplayinarightlyordered State.

Specialinterestwillbearousedby theeighthchapterofthestatement,in whichitissuggestedthattheconciliationcommittees,whichhavebeen evolvedbythegrimnecessitiesofwar, mayyetdevelopintotheeventualcontrolofindustrybyindustrialcouncils, representativeofallgroupsthatare vitallyinterestedinparticularindustries.Thiswouldsurelybeanadvancetowardstheorganicconception ofsocietywhichPopePiusXIenvisagedastheonlysoundsubstitutefor thesadconditionofclasswarfarewhich disgracesmodernsociallife.Enlighteneddirectionalongtheselineswillbeof greatvalueinthesedays,forthenaturalreactionsagainsttheabusesofthe existingeconomicsystemthreatensto swingusovertosomeformoftotalitariancontrolofhumanlife.

"Ourkeenlyanticipated"neworder" willbemoreodiousthantheoldifwe merelysucceedinexchangingthetyrannyofindividualisticgreedforthe

tyrannyofcompletedomination theState.

+J.D.SIMONDS, ArchbishopofHobart. (Secretary,EpiscopalCommittee CatholicAction.)

INTRODUCTION.

1.Inthepastyearmattersofgreat publicimportancehaveariseninvolvingprinciplesstatedbytheBishopsof AustraliaandNewZealandoneyear ago.Amongthemare:-

(a)TherecentdecisionoftheCommonwealthArbitrationCourtonthe basicwage.

lb)ThepassageofFederallegislationintroducingasystemofChild EndowmentinAustralia.

lc)Therenewedinterestwhichhas beendisplayedinthecollaboration ofworkersandownersinthecontrol ofindustrialdisputes.

2.Thesematters,prominentlybefore thepubliceye,involveprincipleselaboratedintheSocialEncyclicalsand intheBishops'Statementoflastyear. Itisofgreatimportance,therefore, thattheChristianattitudetoeachof thesequestionsshouldbeunderstood byworkers,byemployers,andbylegislators,sothattheiractionsmaybe enlightenedbytheknowledgeofChris. tianprinciples.

3.Inaddition,thepresentcritical stateofthewarcannotblindustothe factthattheconclusionsofhostilities willfaceAustraliaandNewZealand withsocialproblemsofthefirstmagnitude.Theaftermathofthepresent warwillwitnessachallengetothe wholesocialsystem,andunlessthe Christianprincipleswhichalonecan furnishastablebasisforsocialreconstructionareproperlyunderstood,it isnotimpossiblethattheBritishCommonwealthsofAustraliaandNewZea-

TheshopforBetterValue.Our PriceslowestinPerth.Anygoods senttocountrynotsatisfactorywepay reisht.

NICHOLSON'SPIANOSFOR THEMODERNHOME

SelectyourpianofromMemostcomprehensiverangeintheSouthern Hemisphere

landwillbeapreytosocialchaosand violence. ChapterI. THEMEANINGOFSOCIAL JUSTICE.

4.InthecourseofthisStatementa numberofprincipleswillbelaiddown. theobservanceofwhichisdemanded bySocialJustice.

5.Itisimportanttounderstandthat thedemandofsocialjusticerefersto thepublicauthoritieswhoareresponsibleforshapingthesocialeconomy. Theirdutyistotakethosemeasures thatwillbringabouttheconditionsthat willenobletheeconomicsystemtofulfilitspurposeofmaintaininglife.

6.ButSocialJusticeisbindingalso ontheindividualmembersofthecommunity,forbiddingthemtodoanythingwhichinterfereswiththeachievementofthecommongood.

7.Itisnecessarythattheseriousness oftheobligationimposedbySocial Justiceshouldberealised.Whenitis saidthattherighttoaFamilyWage isabsoluteinSocialJustice,toofew peoplerealisehowpersonalistheresponsibilityofanemployerwhoflagrantlyinfringesthatright,

8.Eventheworkerswhoseinterests aredirectlyconcernedinthismatter oftheFamilyWagedonotfullyrealise thatanemployerwhopaysawageapproximatingtoitisnotdoinganything morethanheisboundtodo.

9.InpayingtheFamilyWageanemployerissimplygivinghisworkerswhat belongstothem.Heishandling THEIRmoney,nothisown.Andjust asapersonhasnorighttoretainmoney belongingtoanother,sonoemployer, wheretheindustrycanreallyaffordto paytheFamilyWage,isentitledto withholdit.

10.Bydoingsohewouldbetaking possessionofmoneynothisown,and hisconductwouldbeequivalentto theft.

11.Thisisonlyanexample,andit mustnotbesupposedthatSocialJusticeortherighttoaFamilyWageis confinedtooneparticularclass.All menhavetherighttoreceivetheFamilyWage,irrespectiveofwhetherthey areindustrialworkersornot. Inthediscussionwhichfollowson theFamilyWage,theword"worker''is usedinthesenseofallmenwhomust workforalivingwhethertheybeindustrialworkersornot.

12.Therightswhichwage-earnersenjoyinSocialJusticehavetheircorrespondingduties.TheBishopsexplainedthesedutiesintheirStatementof 1940.

"Workershavetheirspecialobligations,suchasgivinganhonest day'sworkforafairday'spay,and ofusingthefamilywagewithprudenceandthrift,notsquanderingit

onuselessluxuries,butprovidingfor thefuture,aswellasthepresent,welfareofthemembers.Thisrequires someself-denialandforethought, whicharemoreeasilypractisedwith thehelpandguidanceofreligion."

ChapterII.

SOCIALJUSTICEANDTHE FAMILY.

13.ItisimpossibletoconsiderSocial Justiceapartfromaconsiderationof thefamily.

14.Thefamilyistheprimarysociety; itexistedbeforetheStateanditsrights comebeforethoseoftheState.The Statecanneverenjoyastableexistenceunlessthefamilyispreserved.All socialreformmustbejudgedbythe standardofwhetheritassiststhefamilyornot.Ifitassistsit,isisgood. Ifithandicapsit,itisbad.

15.SocialJusticedemandsthree thingsforthefamily,asstatedbythe HierarchyofAustraliainthedeclarationof1940.

.1a)Childrenaretoenjoytheir father'sguidanceandtheirmother's care.Itisaperilouspolicyforthe Statetoallowthoseeconomiccircumstancestocontinuewhichdeprive childrenofthiscareandguidancebecausethemotherisforcedtoworkto increasethefamilyincome.

(b)Thechildhastherighttophysical,intellectual,moralandreligiousdevelopment.Theobligation forprovidingthisrestsontheparents.

Wheretheparentscannotundertakeinfulldetailthetaskofeducatingtheirchildren,theymaydelegateteacherstodoso.Theteacher, however,alwaysremainstheagent oftheparent,andneithertheteache-, noranassociationofteachers,northe Statecanclaimrightswhichcon countertothoseoftheparents

Inmattersofeducation,theState hasthedutiesandrightsofprotectionandcontrol.TheStatemay takemeasurestoensurethatallits citizensreceiveanadequateeducation.Itshoulddothisbysupporting,regulatingandsupplementing privateinitiative.Itshouldnotbecomeamonopolist.

(c)Thebreadwinnerhastheright toreceiveaFamilyWage,sothat thesecurityandindependenceof humanlifemaybeensured.

ChapterIII.

THERIGHTOFTHEWORKERTO AFAMILYWAGE.

Itisnecessarythatthreeguiding principlesofChristiansocialdoctrine withregardtotheFamilyWageshould hestatedclearlyatthebeginning:-

16.TheWorkerisEntitledinJustice totheFamilyWage.Inhislastgreat

(ContinuedonPage11.)

Ourmottois:"Wehaveit;wewill getit,oritcannotbehad."

WHYTHEKOOKABURRA Laughs

Aslightlyhilariousguestataparty embracedastrangewomanbymistake.Ileapologised:"Excuseme, madam,"hesaid,"butIthoughtyou weremywife."

"You'reanicesortofhusbandfor anywomantohave,youclumsy,tipsy brute,"saidthewoman,angrily.

"There,"exclaimedtheconvivialone, triumphantly,"youtalkjustlikeher, too."

Jonesandhiswifewereonafishing expedition.Attheendofatrying, fishlessday,Jonesbroughtthingstoa climaxbyfallingintothewater.

Justashecrawledout,hiswifeappearedonthescene.

"Didyoufallin?"sheinquired,in surprise.

"No,No!Justcrawledintosee whichfishitwasgotawayfromme!"

Withaplateinherhandandapuzzledlookonherface,thewaitressstoppedbesideatable.

"Areyoutheboiledcod?"sheasked curtly.

Thecustomersmiledwearily.

"No,"hereplied.''Imthehungry solewithanemptyplaice,hopingfor somethingtofillet!"

* * * *

"Don'ttheyteachyoutosalutein yourcompany?"roaredthemajorto PatrickMalone,whohadpassedhim withoutraisinghishand.

"Yes,sir,"repliedPat.

"Thenwhydidn'tyousalute?"

"Well,sir,"saidPat,'Ididn'twant toattractmoreattentionthannecessarybecauseI'mnotsupposedtobe outwithoutapass."

* * Afellowgotajobatafactory,and wastoldtoreportthefollowingMondaywithhiscards.

Heturnedupwithaparcelunderhis arm.

"What'sthat?"askedtheforeman.

couldn'tfindmyCards,soIbrought mydartsboard,'repliedthenewman

* * *

"HeardaboutMrs.Green'sbadluck saidMrs.Blobbsoverthefence.

"No;whatisit?"askedMrs.Nobbs. eagerly.

"Herhusband'srunaway,"saidMrs. Blobbs,gloatingly"andwhat'smore, he'srobbedherofeverypennyshe had."

"WellInever!"gaspedMrs.Nobbs "Poordear!Andsheonlymarriedhim becauseshewassoscaredofburglars''

* * * *

Thecookwashavingadayoffand shecamedownwearingaverystylish frock.

"Why,Mary,"saidheremployer,admiringly,"whatanicedress.Itwould behardtodistinguishthemistressfrom thecook."

'Don'tvouworry,mum,"replied Mary."Thecookingwouldtell:'

Thefirstdayhewentintotherestaurantheorderedbrownbreadwith hismeal.Thewaitressbroughtwhite. Theseconddayheorderedbrown breadandagainshebroughtwhite.The third-dayheorderedbrown,andagain gotwhite.

Thiswentonforaweek.Onthe eighthclayhedecidedthattheonly waytogetwhathewantedwasto ordertheopposite.So,havingorderedlunch,headded:"Andbringme somewhitebread."

"But,"saidthewaitress,"aren'tyou thegentlemanthatalwayshasbrown?"

Lookingverysternlyatthemanbeforehim,thejudgeaskedwhatexcuse hecouldmakeforstrikingawomanin abus.

"Well,sir,itwaslikethis,"wasthe reply."Shegotinthebusandsat down.Thensheopenedherbag,took outherpurse,closedherbag,opened herpurse,andtookoutapenny.Then shenoticedtheconductorgoingupstairs,sosheopenedherbag,tookout herpurse,closedherbag,openedher purse,openedherbag,putinher purse,andclosedherbag.Thenshe sawtheconductorcomingdownthe stairs,sosheopenedherbag,tookout herpurse,closedherbag,openedher purse,tookoutapenny,andclosed her--"

"Oh,stop!"exclaimedthejudge.

"You'lldrivemecrazy."

AtravellerpassingthroughanEnglishvillagestoppedtolookatabomb crater.

Standingattheedge,heremarked,tu aninhabitantthatthereseemedtd^bel afewbombslyingaround,towhich, thevillagerreplied:"Yes,andthii, troublewi'theyonesisthatthey'asclt: goneoffyet!"

"Well,"repliedthetraveller," morethanyou'llbeabletosayaTiotit meintwoseconds!"

* * * *

The^village-milkmanboughtahorse forthemorninground.Itwasnot exactlyathoroughbred,butithadfour legs. Onedayhetookhisbargaintothe blacksmithtohavehimshod.The smithregardedtheweary-lookinganimalcritically,payingparticularattentiontohisleanbodyandspindlylegs.

'Yououghttohaveahorsethere someday,"hesaidatlength."Isee you'vegotthescaffoldingup."

Thefirsttimeamanspeaksinpublic heprobablysuffersmoreagonyina shortperiodthanatanyotherpartof hiscareer.

Ayoungmanfeltthetruthofthis verykeenlywhenhefoundhimselffacinganaudienceataby-electionmeeting.liehadpreparedafervidorationinsupportofhisfather'scandidature,butforthefirstfewmomentshe coulddonothingbutgasp.Then,in responsetoanencouragingcheer,he begantospeak.

"Mr.-er-Chairman,"hestammered,"whenI-whenIlefthometo-night onlytwopeopleonthisearth-my fatherandmyself-knewwhatIwas goingtosay;now-er-well,nowonly fatherknows."

* * * *

Amanwholosthisjobsoonafter warbeganwenttoseeafriendwhohad obtainedapostinamuch-criticised Ministry.Hisfriendwassympathetic andsaid:"IthinkIcanfixyouup withajobhere."

Thejobseekerwastakenalongthe corridorandinstalledinacomfortable office.Hisfriendlefthimwiththese words:"Now,don'tbesurprisedatour wayofdoingthings.YouIIsoonget usedtoit."

Themansettleddowninhisoffice, readhisnewspaperfromcovertocover-, andsolvedthecrossword.Thenit wastimetoknockoff.Thesamething happenedeverysucceedingday.

Duringthesecondweekhemethis friend,whoaskedhimhowheliked thejob.

"Fine,"hereplied."Theofficeis cosyandwarm.I'mquitecomfortable,butIdon'tthinktheytrustme here.EverytimeIsetfootoutsidethe officeI'mfollowedbytwoyoungmen. TheyevenshadowmewhenIgoto lunch.AmIundersuspicion?"

`Notatall,"repliedhisfriend."Those fellowsareyoursecretaries!"

* * * *

Thesirenhadsoundedandtheguns werebarking,butthesmallmanstill lingeredinthedoorwayofhishome. Meanwhile,hisoutsizeinwiveswas yellingtohimfromthebackyardto makehaste.

"Hallo,"saidawarden,whoknew him,"where'sthemissus?Sheltering trainthestorm?"

"No,"saidthelittleman,witha grin,"stormingfromtheshelter"

Accompaniedbyhermiddle-aged adoringhusband,theprettyyoutig bridewasvisitingthelocalfair.

Suddenlyshedecidedtovisitafortune-teller,andhewaitedforheroutsidethebooth.Whensheemerged, herfacewasshining.

"Oh,she'swonderful!"sheexclaimedenthusiastically.'Shesaidsomeoneisgoingtobuymeadiamondring andafurcoat-youdarling!"

* * * *

Tatteredandbandaged,hewasapplyingforaseparationorder.

"Mywifeain'tsafe,sir,"hepleaded. "She'sbeenthrowingthingsatmeever sincewegotmarried."

"Andonlynow,aftertwentyyears, areyouseekingthecourt'sprotection," saidthemagistrate,sceptically.

"Well,sir,heraim'sgettinggood!"

* * * *

Thewomanhadbeenverytryingand theshopassistant'stemperwasbeginningtogetabituncertain.

"Ithinkyouhadbetterfetchthe manager,"sniffedthecustomer."Perhapshe'llhavealittlemoresense-than youseemtopossess."

'Oh,hehas,madam,"wasthetired reply."Hewentoutasyoucamein."

* * *

Hewasindeepdisgrace,andtryas hewould,hecouldnotgetasmileout ofhiswife.

"AreyoucrosswithmebecauseI camehomewithablackeyelast night?"heasked.

Wordshadgivenwaytoblowsand thetwobricklayersweregoinghardat 4.

-Thesmallermanlookedlikegetting beateri,"whenamissilefromthecrowd caughttheprospectivewinnersucha "wallop"thathewasknockedout.

"Whatevermadeyoudothat,Joe?"

Aedavoice.

\Well,"saidthethrower,aburlylaboure,''seein'as'owpooroldBill couldn'tstanduptoit,Ijustthrewin thetrowel!"

"That'swhathappenedtome,"said themansadly.

"No,"repliedhiswifetersely,"you hadn'tgotitwhenyoucamehome."

Mrs.Pippswasproudofherson Rufus. "He'ssogifted,Mrs.Jones,"shetold herneighbouronemorning."Noyv he'sgoneinformusic,an'paidfifteen shillingsforaninstrument."

"Whatinstrumentdoesheplay?" askedtheneighbour. "Hecallsitacatarrh."

"Catarrh!"echoedMrs.Jones."I thoughtthatwassomethingtodowith thenose?" "Oh,no!"correctedMrs.Pipps,beaming."Heplayseverythingbyear!"

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TheBritishIsraelTheory

"Protestant,"Sydney.

Inthe"CatholicFreeman'sJournal"of August22,1940,aninquirerasked forthecredentialsoftheBritish Israelmovement,andyouwereunabletoobtainsame.

Alisteneraskedforinformationconcerningthefounderofthemovement. AndhereisthereplyIgave:

"Themovementisofrecentorigin, butIhavebeenabletoobtainnodefiniteinformationconcerningitsfounder.Theonlyreplygiventomyquestionswasthatnoparticularmanclaimedtobethefounderofthemovement,butthatseveraldevoutreaders oftheBiblearrivedatthesameconclusionafteracarefulreadingofthe SacredBooks.Suchbeingthecase, itwillbeverydifficulttodiscoverthe credentialswhicheveryreasonableman hasarighttoexpectbeforegivingthe movementanyseriousconsideration."

Iseenoreasonforalteringoneword ofthatreply.

*

*

WhyBlametheBibleforit?

Whynotgo,totheBible?

IhavereadtheBiblemanytimes, buthaveneverfoundthereinanymentionofthefoundersoftheBritishIsrael Movement.NorhaveIfoundinthe Bibleanyfoundationwhichwould bearamoment'sscrutinyforthetheoriesoftheBritishIsraelites.Ihave foundmuchwhichflatlycontradicts thetheory.

ThereyouhavethoseCovenantsso clearlytracedforthosewhohavethe intelligenceandtheeyestosee.

IwasnotawarethattheBritishIsri-xliteshadthemonopolyofeyes,or esenofintelligence.Thefactis,as Pr.H.L.GoudgepointsoutinhisexcellentbookontheBritishIsraelTheory,itisdoubtfulwhetherthereisin theworldarecognisedscholarinscripture,history,ethnology,orarchaeology,whowouldtakethattheoryseriously. Itmaybearguedthatexpertsare notalwaysright.Thatcanbereadily conceded.Itistrue.Butexperts arenottobecondemnedasfoolssimply becausetheyareexperts;especially whentheyarespeakingonsubjectsin whichtheyareexperts.Ontheother hand,tolayclaimtoahigherwisdom withouthavinganycredentialstooffer, wouldbetheheightofarroganceand presumption.

Peoplewhocarenothingforscholarshipinmattersscriptural,andtreat theestablishedresultsofhistorical, ethnologicalandarchaeologicalresearchasiftheydidnotexist,arenot necessarilythebestandmostreliable interpretersoftheBible.

* * * *

"WhatMereDoesaBritisherWant'?"

WhatmoredoesaBritisheranda Christianwant?

Heneedssomeknowledgeofthelanguage,customsandhistoryoftheJewishpeople;somerudimentaryinformationonthescientificmethodsofinterpretation;andafewelementary factsabouttheHistoryofEuropein generalandoftheBritishpeoplein particular.

Ignorance,evenwhenoneisproudof it,isnotperhapsthebestqualification forthestudyofScripture. Itisnotenoughtobe'diligentinthe readingofHolyScripture;weneed suchstudiesashelpustotheknowledgeofthesame.ThoughtheScripturescontainmuchfromwhichachild couldunderstand,theyalsocontain, particularlyinthepropheciesofthe OldTestament,muchthatispracticallyunintelligiblewithouttheinformationwhichmodernscholarshiphasmade availabletous.

SomeBritishIsraelFables. *

IfBritainisnotEphraim(Gen.48), whyshouldshehavethoseAstherethiansandotherpaganpeopleagainst herEmpire?

AccordingtoGenesis,Ch.48,Jacob blessedthetwosonsofJoseph,ManassesandEphraim.OfEphraimhe said:"Thisyoungerbrothershallbe greaterthanhe(Manasses)andhis seedshallgrowintonations. ."

ButhowtheBritishpeoplearethe linealdescendantsofEphraimisnot madeclear.Thereisnomentionofit inthistextnorinanyothertextof Scripture;nor,indeed,inanyhistorical documentanywhere.

Whenmassesofthepeopleofthe KingdomofIsraelweretransportedto

AssyriatowardstheendoftheVIIIth. Century,B.C.,theywereplaced"in HalahandHaborandinthecitiesof theMedes."(Chron.xxxi,1-11;xxxi,1; xxxiv,1-6).Thatisthelastwedirectlyhearofthemasfarasanyauthentichistoricalsourcesareconcerned.

Buttheabsenceofhistoricalrecords doesnotdetertheBritishIsraelites.

Inthefirstplace,theTen"Lost Tribes,"whichcomposedtheformer kingdomofIsrael,aresaidbythe BritishIsraelitestohavepassedbeyondtheEuphratesintoanallegedland of'Arzareth,-which,wearetold,"is thenameofalocalitysouthofthe countrynowknownasRussia.(Their authorityforthisisnotahistorical document,butthewild,apocalyptic compilationknownastheSecondBook ofEsdras,writteninChristiantimes). Theythenbecomeidentifiedwiththe Sythians,thenwithbig,blondeNorsemen.FinallytheybecomeBritons: English,Scotch,UlsterIrishandWelsh: AsoneoftheBritishIsraelpublica-tionsputsit:

"Sythia,then-thepreciseSythian territory,thatis,whichHerodotusdescribes,wasthehomeoftheancestors oftheEnglish.Odin(who,amongst allthedivinitythathedgesin_his name,isprovedbyincontestableevidencetohavebeenaman)was,accordingtotheuniversaltradition,a SythianleaderofamightyhostofSy- thians;whostartedfromAsgard- thatis,KievontheDnieper,thecen- tralriverofancientSvthia,notfar fromtheArsarethofEsdras-passed throughRussiaandPrussia,skirting thesouthernshoreoftheBalticand pressingthetribeswhichlivedthere ontotheRomanEmpire,untilthey themselvesoccupiedandsettledSaxonyontheLowerElbeandtheother Scandanavianlandstorightandleft of FromtheDanishStraits."(Blackmine).

thence,theTribeofEphraim passedtoEngland,andtheTribeof ManassestotheU.S.A.Andsoforth! FactsVersusFiction.

Averyinterestingtale,indeed.But letusexamineit:(1)ThelandofArsarethisdescribedasalocalitysouth ofthecountrynowknownasRussia. ButsincethewholeofAsia,except AsiaticRussiaitselfis"southofRussia,"wehaveaverywidefieldin whichtolook.Andeventhemostdetailedatlasesmakenomentionofit. Thereasonissimplefor,likethe"Land ofOs,"itdoesnotexist.Thename arosethroughamis-translationofthe twoHebrewwords"eres'ahereth," whichsimplymean"anotherland."

121ThenTenTribesweresemiticin racialcharacteristics.TheSythians wereofIranianor,moreprobably,Mongolianorigin.Soitwouldappearthat thesaidTribesceasedtobeSemitic andbecameIranianorMongolian.Later theyceasedtobeMongolianand becameTeutons.Itissaidthatthe leopardcannotchangehisspots,nor theEthiopianhisskin.Butthe"Lost Tribes"ofIsraelapparentlysuffered fromnosuchdisabilities.

(3)Whereisthe"incontestableevidence,"the"universaltradition,"that Odin,thechiefgodofNorseMythology,wasadeifiedman?Thereisno evidenceforthisassertion,incontestableorotherwise;andthereisnotradition,universalorlocal,tosupportit.

(4)Kievwasaholycity.Buton whatgroundsisitidentifiedwithAsgard,thehomeofthegods?TheBritishIsraelitesdonotofferanyhistorical grounds.

5)Thetheoryrequiresthatthe Britishnation,saidtobecomposedof fournationalities-English,Scotch,UlsterIrish,andWelsh-shallalonebe Israelites.TheotherNordicpeoples haveneitherpartnorlotinthematter;whilethepeopleofsouthernIrelandpresumablylosttheirpartin IsraelbyremainingCatholics.But howdidithappenthatonlythose AnglesandSaxonsandJuteswhomigratedtoBritainwereIsraelites,while thosewhoremainedbehindwerenot? Howdidithappenthatthesemigrants belongedonlytothetribeofEphraim? HowdidtheTribeofManassesalone gettoAmerica?Whathappenedto theothereightTribes?

Onwhathistoricalgroundsarethese assertionsmade?TheBritishIsraelitesremainsilent.Andthereasonis simple:Therearenohistoricalsources toquote. SomuchforwhattheBritishIsraelitesregardasHistory,andwhatthose whoknowanythingofHistorymustre-

Howeverthatmaybe,youmustbe desperatelyshortofargumentifyou regardtheAustralianvictoriesin LibyaasproofthattheBritisharethe descendantsoftheTribeofEphraim. ItislikearguingthatWilliamtheConquerorwasamemberofthechosen racebecausehedefeatedHarold.Incidentally,howdoWilliamandhisNormansstandasmembersoftheTribeof Ephraim?

gardasfictionormoreprobablya joke.

AndthejokeisontheBritishIsraelites.Eveniftheiraccountsofthe IsraeliticoriginoftheBritishpeople werehistorical,andnotfantasticnonsense,theywouldstillbefutileanduselessasproofofthecontentionthatthe Britishpeopleinheritthepromises madebyGodtoAbrahamandhisseed. TheTheoryisContradictedbyScripture.

ThepromisesmadetoAbrahamand hisdescendants,liketherestoftheOld Testamentpromises,arenotunconditional. fidelityTheyareconditionedbythe ofthepeopletoGod.They arenotmadetothedescendantsof Abraham"accordingtotheflesh,"but tohisdescendantsinfaithandobedience.TheyareinheritedbytheChris- tianChurch,withoutanydistinctionof raceornationality.IfwearemembersofChrist,adoptedchildrenofGod, andtherebyinheritorsoftheKingdom ofGod,wehavethehighestplacein God'spurposethatitispossibletoenjoyonearth,whateverourancestry.It istheChurchofGod,notanykingdom oftheworld,howevergreatorpower- ful,thatcarriesontheworkofChrist. Thatistheexplicitteachingofthe BiblewhichtheBritishIsraelitesare sofondofquoting. Turkey,ofcourse,isliterally"Abrahamicsons."

Indeed!Here'sanother:TheArchbishopofCanterburyisaMahommedan andthePopeisaBaptist. YouroppositionwillnothinderGodin protectingthischosenracetoupholdtheAbrahamicFaith,orfromcarry- ingoutHisdeclaredpurpose.Itwillbetimeenoughtospeakof myoppositiontotheplansofGod whenyouhaveshown(a)thatthe Britishpeoplearethelinealdescendantsofthe'LostTribes,"and,inpar- ticular,Ephraim;(b)(assumingthat youcandothat),thattheyaretheinheritorsofthepromisesmadetoGod preciselybecauseoftheirallegedlineage,andindependentlyoftheirfidelity toGod. * * * * "Proof"fromBardia.

WhyshouldafewAustraliansbeable torouttheItaliansafteryearsd preparation,suchasatBardia?

TheAustralianswerenotsofewin number,andtheirvictorywasdueto carefullyplannedstrategy,superbleadership,thebraveryandinitiativeof menwhorankamongsttheworld'sbest fighters;aswellastothefactthat theiropponentshadnogreatinterest inthewar.Itwasnottheirs.

Theremainderofyourletterdeals withsimilarirrelevantincidentsinthe presentwar;incidentswhichhave nothingtodowiththeallegedIsraeliticoriginoftheBritishpeopleand nothingtodowithanythingexcept ratherbitterpersonalprejudices.It isthereforeunworthyofcomment.

ALibelonProtestants.

WeProtestantsarenotthenit-wits youpeoplethink.

Inthefirstplaceyouarenotpaying acomplimenttoProtestantsbyidentifyingthemwiththeBritishIsraelites. Theywouldbethefirsttorepudiatean associationsounflatteringandsoun-

true.Ifyouwanttoknowwhat scholarlyProtestantsthinkoftheBritishIsraelTheory,readthelittlebook onthesubjectbyDr.H.L.Goudge, whoisanAnglican.Irecommendit toalllistenersinterestedintheBritish IsraelTheory.

Secondly,whilethesortofpeopleyou describeas"nit-wits'aredoubtlessto

befoundinalllargebodies,whether CatholicorProtestantoranyother,I haveneveratanytimestatedorimpliedthatthemajority,orevenanoticeableminorityofnon-Catholicsare "nit-wits."(Thefactthatsofewof themarepreparedtotakethetheories oftheBritishIsraelitesortheWitnesses ofJehovahseriouslywouldbeasufficientrefutationofsuchacharge./

JamesRooseveltandthe CatholicChurch

"Leo,"PortPine,SouthAustralia.

Iamenclosingtwocuttingsfromthe Adelaide"Advertiser,"ofThursday, April3,1941.

Onecuttingcontainsacablereport totheeffectthatMr.JamesRoosevelt, whowasdivorcedlastmonth,was abouttomarryagainintheCatholic Church.

Theothercuttingcontainsareport oftheM.Matsuoka'svisittotheVatican.BothreportsarefromtheAustralianAssociatedPress. Iwouldliketohaveyourcomments onboth.

Ishallcommentonthembriefly,beginningwiththereportconcerningMr. JamesRoosevelt.

Thequestionswhichfollowarequotationsfromit. "The'BostonPost,'inacopyright story,saysthatMr.JamesRoosevelt, thePresident'seldestson,andMiss Schneider,hisnurse,willbemarried byaRomanCatholicPriestshortly afterEasteratLosAngeles."

Sofarthereislittlethatcallsfor comment.ThemarriageofsoprominentapersonasthesonofthePresident oftheUnitedStatesiscertainlyanitem ofinterest,and,inAmericaitself,would doubtlesshelptoincreasethesalesof thepaperwhichfirstreachedthepublic withthenews.

Whetherornotthemainpurposeof thereporterwastoannouncetheforthcomingmarriagewillbemadeclearer asweproceed. "The'Post'saidthatJamesRoosevelt hasbeentakinginstructionquietlyin theRomanCatholicFaith."

Asimilarreportwasfeaturedina recentissueoftheSunday"Sun."Readersweregiventheimpressionthat JamesRoosevelt,thoughdivorced,was abouttocontractanewmarriage,and thattheCatholicChurchwouldrecognisethismarriagebecauseheintended tobecomeaCatholic.

Inthe"SundaySun,'ofApril6,1941, amidsttheusualfrothandbubbleconcerningthedoingsormisdoingsof Hollywood,wereadthefollowingparagraph:

"MovieexecutiveJimmyRoosevelt, sonofthePresident,isdenyingfrom WashingtonastorypublishedinHollywoodsayingthatheintendstobecome aCatholicinordertomarryformer nurse,RomelleSchneider."

Unlikethefirstreport,theparagraph justquotedwasnotfeatured,andwas printedwithoutaheading.

LaterreportsannouncedthatJames RooseveltisabouttovisitEurope, whichisnotatpresentthemostdesirableplaceforahoneymoon.

* * * *

BiassedReporting.

"He(J.Roosevelt)wasgrantedadivorcefromhisformerwifelast month."

Theinferenceis,ofcourse,thatthe CatholicChurchispreparedtorelax hermarriagelawsinordertosecure theallegianceofpeoplelikeJames Roosevelt.

Itisinterestingtonotethatexactly thesamemethodswereemployedin reportingthesecondmarriageofthe LoretaYoung,theCatholicfilmactress.Agushingdescriptionofthewed

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dingwasfollowedbytheremark;"It wasthoughtre-marriagewasoutofthe questionbecauseofherreligiousfaith." Afewweekslater,authenticinformationfromAmericashowedthather firstmarriagehadtakenplaceina RegistryOffice,andwasthereforeregardedasinvalidbytheCatholic Church.Thepeopleresponsiblefor thecablewhichappearedinourdaily pressmadenomentionofthisimportantfact.Bythisveryomission,they createdtheimpressionthattheChurch didnotregarddivorceasanobstacleto re-marriagewhenthepartiesconcerned werewealthyorveryprominent.

Listenerscanrestassuredthatthe reportsconcerningtheforthcomingmarriage(ifany)ofJamesRoosevelthave likewiseomittedthefactsuponwhich thewholecasedependsasfarasthe attitudeoftheCatholicChurchisconcerned.

CanRooseveltMarryintheCatholic Church?

IftheCatholicChurchsanctionsa secondmarriagebyJamesRoosevelt whilehisfirstwifeisstillliving,itis certainthattherewassomedefectin thefirstmarriage.

Whatthatdefect,ifany,wasIwill notknowuntilthemailscontaining thepertinentinformationarrivefrom America.

WhetherornotJamesRooseveltbecomesaCatholicisamatterbetween himselfandGod.Hecouldnotin conscienceentertheChurchfromany motiveotherthantheunhesitatingconvictionofitstruth.Hecouldnotin consciencebecomeaCatholicinorder tomarryaCatholicgirl.

Ontheotherhand,whetherhebecomesaCatholicorremainsaProtestant,theChurchwouldnotandcould notsanctionasecondmarriageuntilit hadbeenprovedconclusivelythatthe firstmarriagewasdefectiveaccording tothelawoftheCatholicChurch.

Ifhecanprovethathisfirstmarriagewasinvalidaccordingtothelaw oftheCatholicChurchandisthusfree tomarryagain,hecouldmarryinthe CatholicChurchwithoutbecominga Catholic-providedhewerewillingto fulfiltheconditionsrequiredbythe Churchbeforegrantingadispensation foramixedmarriage. Whenthefactsofthecaseareavailabletheywillbebroadcastinthisses. sion.

Inthemeantime,itisnottoomuch requestthatournewspapersinstruct theircorrespondentstopayalittle moreattentiontotheaccuracyoftheir reports.

SomuchforthecableitemconcerningthesecondmarriageofJames Rooseveltwhichisallegedtobean eventofthenearfuture.

(A.latercablemessagestatesthat JamesRooseveltwasmarriedto MissRomelleSchneideratthe homeofMrs.Converse,byMunicipalJudgeGueric.Ifthisiscorrectitshowshowunreliablethe previousreportswere.)

LetusnowturntothereportconcerningM.Matsuoka'svisittothe Pope,asrecordedintheAdelaide"Advertiser."

* * * * Anti-CatholicPropagnda.

"Mr.Matsuokayesterdaydrovetothe Vatican,andwasreceivedbythe Pope."

ThevisitofM.Matsuokatothe Vaticanmeansnothingmoresinister thanthefollowingofordinarydiplomaticusage.

"TheVaticanCitycorrespondentofthe BritishUnitedPresssaysitisreportedthatthePopeandMr.Mutsuokato-daydiscussedpeacefeelers inconnectionwiththePope'sspeech onGoodFriday."

Thatitemhasallthecharacteristics ofviciouspropagandamasqueradingas news. Whoisthisalleged"VaticanCity correspondentoftheBritishUnited Press?"Ifthereissuchaperson,how didhegethismessagetotheBritish press?Itwouldbeinterestingto knowtherealsourceofthisreport.

Bywhomwasitreportedthatthe PopeandM.MatsuokahaddiscusTed "peacefeelers?"ThePopedidnot sayso:M.Matsuokadidnotsayso. NeitherthePopenorM.Matsuokaauthoriseanystatementonthematte-r. Andthereisnootherwayoflearning whatwassaidataprivateaudience.

Theallegeddiscussionof"peace feelers"isthereforenothingbutwild guess-work.Itisnoteventheguessworkofthe"VaticanCitycorrespondentoftheBritishUnitedPress."Itis theguessworkofsomeotheranonymousirresponsiblebywhom"itwasreported."

ABritishOfficialWirelessmessage publishedinourpapersonApril9,has repudiatedthereport.Butwewould liketoknowwhythatreportwascirculatedinthefirstplace.

ThedeclaredpolicyoftheVatican showsthatthereportisafalsehoodon thefaceofit.ThePopehasem-

phaticallydeclaredthathewouldnot mediateinthepresentconflictunless askedbythebelligerentstodoso.He hasfrequentlydeclaredthat,whilehe ardentlydesiresandpraysforthereturnofpeacetoEurope,itmustnot beanysortofpeace,butapeacebas- edonjusticeandChristiancharity.

WhattheVaticanHasSaid.

InabroadcasttoNorthAmerica, whichwasgivenfromtheVatican RadioonAugust12oflastyear,the Vaticanspokesmandeclared:"TheobjectofthePope'sprayersandexhortationsisnotanykindofpeace;itis apeacewithjusticeandcharityin theirChristianframework. There aretwothingsthePopehasneversaid: firstthatCatholicsmustpraythatwar mustcease;thesecondthatbothsides arewrong,thatthiswarwillsolve nothing.Onthecontrary,hisconstantprayerandhopehasbeenthatit willsolveforalongtimetocome moralproblems-twoofthemapostasy andstateidolatary-whichhavedriven Europetoarms." "Therehavebeen warsinhumanhistorywhichcould onlybedescribedasunjustonboth sides.

."

"Tinswarisnotoneofthem.And whenanationunjustlyresortstoaggression,responsibilityforallwar'sunholinessrestsonitsconscience.No CatholiccanacceptthetheoryofCol. Lindberghthateverymodernwarmust beadoublesuicide,andtherefore,whollywrong.Sacrificeordeathindefenceofrightisneversuicide.Itis thenoblestexpressionofvirtueand fortitude.Thosewhofalldefending justiceandcharityagainsttheirenemieswerightlycallheroesormartyrs, notsuicides..

"ThePopeispassionatelyinterested inpeace,butnotthatshabbysubstituteforpeacewhichconsistsintheabsenceofwar.Peaceissimplyimpossiblewithoutjustice,andthereissimplynohopeofjusticebetweenthenationswithoutdispositiontoadjustmutualrightsandclaimsbynegotiation ratherthanforceofarms.Butthedispositiontonegotiateitselfmay,at times,beforcedontheapostlesofbad faithbyadefensivewar." * * * *

BewareofEnemyPropaganda.

Thatisanauthenticdeclarationof thepolicyoftheVatican,anditflatly contradictsthesubtlebutviciousand poisonouspropagandacontainedinthe reportunderdiscussion;areportwhich iscalculatedtocreatetheimpressionthatthePope,asthedociletoolofthe AxisPowers,istryingtosecureapeace favourabletothosePowers.

Areportpublishedinthedailypress onApril15,informedusthatthePope askedforapeacefoundedonJUSTICE ANDCHARITY.Heappealedfor decenttreatmentofthepopulationsof occupiedcountries.SincetheVaticanhasalreadycongratulatedthe Britishontheirtreatmentofconquered territories,itshouldbefairlyobvious thattheappealreferstotheNazis.

Itisinterestingtonotethatthevisit ofRoosevelt'senvoy,Mr.MyronTaylor,wastheoccasionforsimilarpoisonousfifthcolumnpropaganda.Its sourcesatthattimewas'cavalcade" andotherpro-Communist-papersin England.

DuringFebruaryofthisyear,both theVaticanRadioandthe"OsservatoreRomano"(stillgoinginspiteof pressreports),warnedtheworldagainstNazi-inspiredpropagandawhichwas tryingtoconvincethenationsthatthe PopewasfavourabletotheAxis Powers.

Thereadypublicitywhichthis enemypropagandahasfoundincertainsectionsofthedailypressindicatesthenecessityofadrasticoverhaulofournewsservicesandtheeliminationofthoseirresponsibleswhose distortedandmisleadingreportsare helpingtheenemiesofourcountryand civilisation.

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NoisesOff

THEMANWHOPUTSTHESOUNDS INTOFILMS

THOSEofyouwhohaveseen Hitchcock'slatestfilmthriller, "ForeignCorrespondent,"will rememberthetensescenesinthatBelgianwindmill,abrilliantlyimaginative backgroundfordramaandtypicalof AlfredHitchcock,thebestdirector thiscountryeverturnedout,writesGerardYoungin"TheCatholicFireside."

Evenmoretypicalof"Hitch"wasthe useofthatdull,toneless"clack"ofthe wheelsgoingroundinsidethemill,a singlesoundthataddedtotheeffect oftheeerieatmosphereinwhichhero JoelM-cCraefoundhimself.

Thoughthatsoundprobablyheightenedyourmentalsuspensewhilstyou watchedthefilm,Idoubtverymuch ifyouactuallythoughtanymoreabout it.Youwouldneverguess,forinstance,thatthejobofseeingthatthat "clack"wentintothefilmisoneof themosthighly-skilledartsinthewhole movie-makingprofession.

Afriendofmine,CharlesTomrley fromGlasgow,isoneofthesemen whosejobisSound.Theycallhima SoundEditorandhisdayisspentseeingthatYouwillhearadoorslamora sodasyphon_hissinfilms.For,when theymaketiTms,theyconcentrateon theall-importantspeechfirstandadd theotherlittleincidentalnoisesand backgroundmusiclater.Thereisnot timeduringthebusyweeksofpicturemakingtowastevaluablemoments makingsurethatadoor"slam"isjust right.Thevgetonwiththeacting, andmeantimeaspecialcrewofmen willrecordthenoiseofthat"slam"all byitselfinsomepartofthestudio. MenlikeTomrleywillthengraftit intothefilmintheproperplacewhen theyfinallystartassemblingit.Thus, whenabigfilmisfinishedshooting,the SoundEditormayhavesomefiftyodd incidentalnoisestobepoppedinatthe psychologicalspot.

Isay'psychological"becausethatis therightword.ASoundEditorisa studentofpsychologyandheknows youandyourreaction.Heknows thatcertainsoundsintherightplace willgiveyouanaddedthrill,spine-tingleorincentivetolaugh.

Asaninstance,take"NightTrainto Munich."Thereisdramainnoiseand

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theuseofsoundwasusedtointensify theexcitement.Inthisspydrama, RexHarrison'sbluffwascalledwhilst theContinentalexpresswasinatunnel.Atthatsamemoment,theroar ofthetraininthetunnelsuddenly becamemoreominous(i.e.,useofanother'sound')andthereforeaddedtensionwasproducedamongpeopleseeing thepicture.

IwastalkingtoTomrleywhilsthe wasaddingnoisestothefilmof"The GhostTrain."Itisdifficultnowadaystorecordtrainnoisesintheopen becausemorethanlikelythemicrophoneswouldpickuptheroarofSpitfiresinstead.SotheSoundEditors fallbackontheirhugelibraryof13,000 stored-up"sounds':lengthsoffilmon whicharethepreviously-recorded noisesofwhatevertheymaywant.

Tomrleycutsupstripsofsoundfilm likeadrapercuttingupclothandwill usebetweenthirtyandfortydifferent soundsin"TheGhostTrain,"blending themasabackgroundtothewisecracksofArthurAskeyandthecast. Hisstripsof"noise"include:train leavingstation,guard'swhistle,doOrs slamming,enginegatheringspeed,clatteringoverpoints,enteringtunnel,exitingsame,sharppull-ups,brake's screaming,hissofsteamandvaried train-speedrhythms.

Thesesounds,someofthe13,000, haveallbeengatheredonthespotIt realstationsandmainlinesandare nowstoredforfutureuse.Withscissorsandclips,Iwatchedhimworking withdozensoffeetof"steamhissing' andyardsof"Cornishexpressat speed."Mostof"TheGhostTrain" actiontakesplaceatnight;hemust usecautionwithhissoundofatrain joggingalongandensurethatwhen theypreviouslyrecordeditbyday, theydidn'tincludeachirpingofsparrowsonit.Skylarkshavebeen knowntoruintherecordingofgrim bomberengines. IhadalookattheirSoundLibrary. Apartfromtrainnoises,ithousesthe oddestcollectionof"noises"onearth. Here,incirculartins,neatlylabelled onshelves,are:"watergoingdowna plug-hole,""clatterofarifledropping," "shiphittingasandbank,""sailorsin aninn,""teethsnapping."Theyhave everypossiblekindof'humanmuttering,"from"crowdsbeforearace,' to"panicinatheatre"andallsortsof "footsteps"suchashollow,wooden footfallsonapier,orechoingstepsin ahallway.

AndIhadalookatonepieceof soundtheypridethemselveson.It isjustasquigglytrackdowntheside ofthefilmanditis:"Noiseofakick inthepants.'WhenIenquiredhow theygotit,theysaid:"AskCharlie NaughtonoftheCrazyGang!" InareviewofCharlieChaplinssatire,"TheGreatDictator,"acolumnist oftheMelbourne"Advocate"thusreferstosound: Althoughspeechanddialoguearereducedtoaminimum,asinallhispictures,Chaplin,whowrote,produced thefilmhimself,usessoundwithtelling effect.Chaplinisafilmartistwho expressesthemaximumofhisideas bymeansexclusivetothefilmmedium -namely,movingpicture.Forhim, filmisnotmerelyanappendageofthe stage,butanartforminitsownright. Chaplinspeaksin'TheGreatDictator"andhehasasurprisinglyfine voice,quitedevoidofAmericantwang. Butthesoundingeneralsupportsand assistshismiming.Thebackground musicissuperb,andonseveraloccasionssoundaloneexpressedtheaction. Onesequencemustsufficetoillustrate Chaplin'screativeuseofsoundandthe originalityofhisfilmicsense.The GestapoisroundinguptheJews.The netisclosinginuponthehouseinwhich thebarberandotherJewsareliving. Thevictimscrowdintoanupperroom Themilitarypolicebreakdownthe doorandenter,andthenfollowsthe dinofsmashingblows,fallingfurniture andhumancriesastheymanhandlethe unfortunateJews.Butallyousecon thescreenisaclose-upofabirdcage outsidethedoor,withtwoinnocent canaries,flutteringexcitedly,beating theirwingsagainstthewire,trying desperatelytoescape.

Justastheliteraryartistusesmetaphortoillustratehisthoughts,soChaplin,thefilmartist,usespicturecontraststoexpresshisideas.Theh'rdcagewasafilmicmetaphor.Itfilled thewholescreen,withabackgroundof soundwhichtolditsownstory.They werecaeghtlikebirdsinacage.

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TheWorld'sTragedyintheLight ofthe

TheCrossisthekeywhichunlocks allmysteries,includingthatofthepresentdisasterwhichhasovertakenthe world.Calvaryisamicrocosmofthe worldstragedy.Thegreatneedtodayisareturntocontemplationofthe Cross.Inthelightofwhatitteaches usweshallbeabletosafeguardourselvesagainstthepowersofthisworld, butnototherwise.

BOURGEOISsocietysuchasthat whichpredominatesinthewesternworldisfavourableto r neitherheroicsanctitynortoperve Accus- situinitsmoreextremeforms. tomedtoafairmeasureofprosperity, unfamiliarwithrevolutionaryupheavalsandexhibitingamediocre moralrespectability,itisunacquaint edwiththetragicexperiencesknown tolessfortunatecommunities.The shelteredlifeithasledhasgivenita provincialoutlook.Itimaginesthat therestofmankindiscuttothesame patternasitself.

Evidencetothecontraryisaccepted onlyslowly,evenwhileitisafforded

Gross

bythefrankconfessionofthecriminalsthemselves.Thus,itsdiplomacy stillignoresthefactthatRussianCommunismhasrepudiatedChristianstandardsofmoralityandexplicitlylaysit downthatanycourseofconduct,howeverinfamousaccordingtothosestandards,whichadvancestheinterestsof theCauseisjustifiable.

Despiteallthathappenedduringthe civilwarinSpainandhashappened sinceinFinlandandtheBalticStates, itclingstothebeliefthatStalinisthe championofthosedemocraticidealsfor whichitbelievesitselftobefighting. Thebourgeoismentalityhatestobe disturbedbytruthswhichthreatenits comfortablecomplacency,and,toprotestitself,indulgestoanexceptional degreeinwishfulthinking.

Butthiswilfulincredulity,lulling thoseconcernedintoafalsesenseof security,exposesthemtothedanger ofunpreparedness.Thismustbeunderstoodinalargerthanthemilitary sense.Nottorealisetheexistenceof evilistodeprivethesouloftheneed fordevelopingitsresources.Ignor anceoftheworldresultsinaspineless spirituality.Inordertoachieveits

best,humannatureneedsthespursuppliedbyaknowledgeofitsprecarious condition.Withoutastrongbeliefin diabolicagencies,faithinGodtends toberegardedassuperfluous. ItisafamiliarcriticismofChristianitythatitencouragesanother-worldlinesswhichseekstoescapefromthe harshrealitiesofmundaneexistence. Especiallyisthiscriticismdirected againstthosewhosevocationremoves themfromimmediatecontactwiththe secularsphere.Thecounselsofthe spiritually-mindedaredisregardedbecausetheyaresupposedtobeignorant oflife-as-it-is.Themanoftheworld laughsatthesecounselsasdisplaying achildishincompetencetodealwith pacticalmatters.

Superficiallyregarded,thecriticismis notwithoutjustification.Itmaywell bethattheinmatesofreligiousinstitutions,havingtheircloisteredlifebrokenupbypenallegislationormilitary invasion,findthemselves"allatsea.' Butthisrefersonlytominormatters andignoranceofthiskindcanbe speedilyovercome.Itdoesnotnecessarilyimplyafundamentallackofthe necessarysophistication.Itcannotbe thatthewarningtocombinewiththe innocenceofthedovethewisdomof theserpentshouldnotapplytoorbe unheededbythosespeciallydedicated totheserviceofHimWhoutteredit. Andwhatappliestothemappliestoall who,inordertofollowHim,areinany measurewithdrawnfromtheworld.

TheTwoVisions.

Thecasewouldbeotherwiseifreligiouscontemplationconsistedinstaring, afterthemanneroftheBuddhistmonk, intoblankspace.ButtheChristianreclusefixeshisgazeonthatCrosswhich marksadefinitepointinhumanhistory.Notonlydoesitbelongtothis world,butitstandsattheverycentreofthehumandrama,isthefocal pointinthestoryofmankind,andinits settingcomprisesallthechiefelements inthehistoricconflictbetweenGood andEvil.

IfCalvarygivesusavisionofDivine Love,itgivesusalsoavisionofdiabolicalhate.Itisimpossibleto'abstractCalvaryfromitsbackgroundof intrigueandpopularfury.ConcentrateattentionaswemayontheFigureoftheCrucified,itisimpossibleto escapeseeingthesinistershadowsof Judas,CaiphasandPilate,together withthatofthemockingcrowd.To saythisistoadmitthatthesceneisa microcosmoftheworld'stragedy.

Ifwehavemasteredthispageofhistory,readingthesecretsofthoseportrayedtherein,weneednootherrevelationinordertounderstandtheworkingsofdegeneracy.Thecontemplative whohasstudiedithasnothingtolearn inthisrespectfromthejournalist madefamiliarbyhiscallingwithsensationalcrimesorfromthestatesman cognisantofwhatgoesonbehindthe scenesofinternationaldiplomacyor fromthehistorianwhospecialisesinecclesiasticalscandal.Itisalltherecompressedintothequint-essenceof humaniniquity.

AreligionwhichputstheCrossat itscentresuppliesakeywhichunlocks themysteryofdepravityinallages andineveryclime.Itisthesupreme apocalypseofevil,andnonewhomeditateuponitcanbesaidtobeignorantofrealityortobeunsophisticated asregardsthedarkersideoflifehere andnow.

Moreover,itmustberemembered thatthisstudyismorethanthatofan objectivefactwhichwemaycontemplateindetachment.DevoutconsiderationoftheCrossthrowslightnot onlyonthemoresinisteraspectsof humannaturegenerally,butitdigclosesthesecretsofourownhearts.Our ponderingofthisthemewillhavebeen invainifitdoesnotrevealthefact that,atleastpotentially,weareJudas, CaiphasandPilate.

Arealgraspofthesubjectisconditionedbyahumiliatingself-knowledge. Cheapindeedcomparedwiththetoilof thereligiouscontemplativeisthatof thestudentcontentwiththedatasuppliedbytheprintedpage.Itisone thingtositinthequietnessofalibrary tounravelforintellectualpurposesthe strandsofaCrimecommittedover nineteencenturiesago,andanother thingtoapproachthesubjectassomethingprofoundlyrelatedtothemotives operativeinone'sownsoul.

Holinesspurchasesitsknowledgeof Golgothaataterribleprice.Thedetachedstudent,yieldingtothejudgmentpronouncedonhimselfbythe objectofhisstudy,becomesthepenitent.Whatmayhavebeendeemed ofonlyhistoricalinterestisseentohave autobiographicalinferencesofapainful character.

Aknowledgeoftheworldacquired bysubmissiontothepersonalinquisi-

tionoftheCrosswillbedeepandabiding.Asuspicionofappearanceswill becreatedwhichnoplausiblefallacies willbeabletoallay.Culturalprogress,theartsofcivilisationandthe self-righteousclaimsofhumanitarianismwillbeunabletopreventdetection, Sofarfromsanctitybeingapoor, credulousthingeasilyimposedupon bywickeddesigners,itishighlysuspicious.

NeedforPresentDisaster.

Therecouldbenogreaterabsurdity thantosupposethatthosewhohave fledfromtheworldonaccountofthe eviltheyseeinitaresoignorantof itsmenacethattheycanbeeasilydeceivedastoitstruecharacter.The demagoguemaytrickthecrowdinthe market-place,buthewillfinditaharderjobtotrickacloisteredaudience. Pretensionswhichlookwellenoughin thenewspaperorheardoverthewirelesswearadifferentappearancewhen echoedintherevealingsilenceofthe sanctuary.

Propagandato-dayhasbeenableto availitselfofagenciesunknowntopre- viousgenerations,andhasbecomeone ofthemostdangerousenemiesof trutheverknown.Theartoftheoratorcombinedwiththecraftoftheadvertiserandemployingthepublicity methodscreatedbysciencecannow addressitselftomillions.Through theexerciseofastrictcensorshipit canhavethefieldtoitself.

Whatisnotknownastothemeans ofexcitingmob-passionsbythemodernpropagandistisnotworthknowing. Hehasmadeanintensivestudyof crowd-psychologyandapplieswhathe haslearnedwithutterunscrupulousness.Evenwhileyouarewarning yourselfthatyoumustacceptwhathe tellsyouwithcaution,hissuggestions seepthroughintoyourinnerconsciousness.Againstthissubtle,insidious andpervasiveinfluencemereworldly sophisticationispowerless.Theman oftheworld,acustomedtopractisedeceptioninbusiness,inpoliticsandin hisamours,fallsaneasypreytothe sameartswhenemployedbyothers.

Theonlysafeguardagainstthedisseminationofplausibleerror,asthatis nowpractised,isthatcontemplationbf theCrosswhichisatoneandthesame timeanapocalypseofDivineLove andofinfernalmalignity.Inthelight ofwhatitteachesusconcerninghuman natureandinthestrengthofthesuspicionitcreatesagainstthepowersof thisworld,weshallbeabletosafeguardourselves,butnototherwise.

Themodern,bourgeoisworldneeded theapocalypseofevilwhichcontemporaryhistoryisgivingus.Ofit, NicholasBerdyaev,theRussianexile andex-Communistwrote:

"Everythingthebourgeoistouches, thefamily,thestate,morality,religion, science,allisdeadened.Contemplation,whichcouldsetfree,isunknown tohim.Theparadoxofhislifeconsistsinhisrepudiationoftragedy;he isweigheddownbyhisnon-acceptance oftheinternaltragedyoflife,ofGolgotha;thereisareliefandfreedomin theacceptanceoftheCrossandthepain andsufferingthisentails.Becausethe bourgeoisconsciousnessofguiltandsin hasbecomesoweakheistheslaveof `theworld'andhisidealisthatof worldlypowerandwealth;themystery ofGolgothaisunacceptedtohim."

Itisofthisstateofmindthatthe presentcrisisisthefruit.God'sjudgmentsareneverunrelatedtothenature oftheoffencepunished.Becausewe refusedtobelieveinevil,theforcesof evilhavebeenallowedtodestroycivilisation.Becausewedeniedtheexistenceofsin,diabolicalagencieshave paradedtheirperversitiesbeforeour eyes.Becausewerepudiatedasa medievalsuperstitiontheChristian doctrineofHell,millionsofourfellows areexperiencingHell-on-earth.-`The IrishCatholic."

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AustralianMusicFinds ItselfToday

Thisyear,thrownontoitsownresourcesmusically,Australiafindsitself inverymuchthesamepositionasBritaindidduringthelastGreatWar. Nowmoreorlessblockadedfromoverseastalent,andnecessarilyso,our mindsbegintoturntoourownpossibilities.

Itwasinthoseyearsof1914-18that England"found,''herselfmusicallyfoundherselfforthefirsttimesince theGoldenAgeofElizabethantimes whenEnglandledtheworld,Tothe delightandsurpriseofconcertgoers,it wasdiscoveredthatEnglandhada wealthofalmostunknownmusicand musicians.Itisgenerallyrecognised nowthattheyear1914markedthereal renaissanceofEnglishmusic.Before thattimebothEnglishmusicandmusicansweremerelysmileduponencouraginglybyEnglandsmusic-lovers.

Itshouldberememberedthatitwas duringthelastGreatWarthatthe nowinternationallyadmiredAustralianpianist,WilliamMurdoch,was "discovered"byEnglishaudiences.He heldaClarkScholarship,whichtook himtoLoudon,wherehefinishedhis studies.Hehadplayedthereobscurelyforsometime.Butin1914hewas senttoScandinaviaonadiplomatic mission,toholdaseriesofpianorecitals,togivethelie,shoulditbe necessary,tothecontinentalbeliefthat theBritshweremerelyanationof shop-keepers.

EnglishComposersLeading.

ThatsuperbEnglishviolinist,Albert Sammons,alsomadehisdebutinthe earlyyearsofthelastGreatWar.

ThereweremanyotherEnglishartists,too,whothenbegantofillthe programmesoftheconcerthalls,and Englishmusicandmusicianscameinto theirown.

Thisdevelopmenthascontinued untiltherecognitionofEnglishmusic hasbecomeworld-wide.Ithasbeen stated,andnotinEngland,thatEnglishcomposersareleadingtheworld to-day.

DuringmylastvisittoEurope,in 1938,Imadeapointofincludingan Englishworkinallmyprogrammes, andonseveraloccasionsIconducted programmesconsistingentirelyofBritishcomposition. TheBritishCouncilofCulturalRelationshelpedmetremendouslyinthe preparationofmaterial,andbythe loanofscoresandorchestralparts.One oftheworksIintroducedtoPariswas theSymphonyofWilliamWalton,

brilliantyoungEnglishcomposer, whichIconductedwiththeOrchestra NationaleinParis. 1foundEnglish musicenthusiasticallywelcomeeverywhere.Therewerepeoplewhoshould haveknownbetter,delightedlysurprised,askingforscoresandpartsofother British.oompositiorest&besentto them,andalsoaskingtobegiventhe opportunityofhearingmoreBritish works.

So,yousee,thereisnonecessity tobeself-consciousanymoreabout theperformanceofEnglishmusic,or, indeed,doubtfulconcerningthepositionofEnglishmusicans.Itcanbe franklysaidthatonlythoseignorant ofcontemporarymusicandmusical tendencieswillbeunawareofBritain's placeinthepresentschemeofthings.

Nowwehaveourbigopportunityin Australia.TheA.B.C.hasannounced thatitwillcontinueitspolicyofholdingasubscriptionseriesoforchestral concertsineachStateonthemainlandthisyear.

Manyoftheoutstandingresident Australianartistswillbefeatured,as wellasinternationalmusicans,Australian-bornandothers,whohavesettled temporarilyinAustralia.Looking roundatourownresources,Icannot helpbelievingthataudiencesthisyear willexperiencethedelightandsatisfaction(similartothatexperiencedin 1914inEngland)atwhatAustraliahas beenabletodo.

Itisatruismthatwarbringsout boththeworstandthebestinmankind.ThiswarhasdiscoveredAustraliacapableofmanufacturingachlevemerktspreviouslyundreamtof. Wefindourselvesintheposition,even, ofsupplyingEnglandwithwarmaterials,manyofwhichwerepreviously consideredtobecompletelyoutsidethe rangeofpossibilityinAustralianproduction.

PublicFaithNeeded.

Now,webelieve,wecandosomethingofthesamesortintheworldof music.Ithink,however,thatitis necessarytoapproachanyproblem withacertainamountoffaithinits solution.IsaythisbecausetheultimatesuccessoftheAustralianmusicianswillrestonthefaithofthepublic aswellasontheirownmeritsandselfconfidence.

Evenmorewillbedonetopresent Australianmusicduringthecoming season.TheA.B.C.intendstoinclude asmuchmusicbyAustraliancomposers

Teachers'Group

SecondMeeting.

OnSaturdaymorning,April19,a secondmeetingofteacherswasheld, thepurposebeingtodiscusstheformationofthegroup,andwhatactivities couldbeparticipatedinimmediately. Atthefirstmeetingitwasdecidedto formanorganisationonsimilarlines totheAssisianGuild.

NoMisunderstandingDesired.

Thisgroupisnotconcernedwith economicandprofessionalmatters whichareattendedtobytheteachers asabody,butitisthespiritualside oflifewithwhichweareconcerned. Catholicismisnomerename,butimpliesamodeoflife.Wedonotmistrustotherdenominationswhenthey endeavourtodosomegoodamong theiradherents;onthecontrary,we applaudtheireffortsbecausethereis solittletimegiventoreligionto-day. Aswerespecttheirviews,wetakeit forgrantedthatsuchsentimentsare reciprocated.

WhatWasDecided.

Wedonotseekmembers,butwe dodesiremilitantsandenthusiasts.It wasconsideredthatteachersmustbe equippedwitharequisiteamountof knowledgeoftheFaith.

Inordertoenlargethatknowledge andtostimulateitspractice,itwas decidedtoholdfortnightlydiscussion meetings.

AnyCatholicteacherwhoisinterestedmayattendthecoursewhichisa studyofPsychology.Rev.J.Doyle, S.J.,ofSt.LouisCollege,Claremont, willleadthediscussionandprepare papers.

FirstDiscussion.

ThefirstofthesefortnightlymeetingswillbeheldattheCentralCatholicLibrary,36Pier-street,Perth,on Wednesday-,May7,at8p.m.ThefollowingisasynopsisofPart1ofthe course:

1.Psychology:Whatitisandhowit concernstheteacher.

2.PsychologyandReligion:NoContradiction.

3.DangersofStudy(a)Prejudice(Evolution,"Theophobia".) (b)Method(Easytotackleproblems wrongly). (c)Environment(Pessimisticoutlookoftheclerician whodealsmostlywithabnormal cases).

4.TheUnityofMan:"Integration"allactivitydirectedtooneend).

References. Relevantpartsofthefollowingbooks maybeuseful: A.(betterforafirstreading): Belloc: EssaysofaCatholic. SurvivalsandNewArrivals(ch.IIIV.andN-III.). CompaniontoMr.Wells'Outline (esp.Appendix).

Dawson:TheModernDilemma.

Lunn:TheFlightfromReason. OliverTadpolesandGod. Allers:PsychologyofCharacter. Maher:Psychology.

B.(moretechnical): Sheen:PhilosophyofScience. Wassman:Evolution. Forthosewhoarenotacquainted withthemeaningofCatholicAction,it wouldbeprofitabletoreadthelatest A.C.T.S.pamphletbyK.Mitchell,"This isCatholicAction."

aspossible.Asamatteroffact,it planstogiveacompleteconcertof worksentirelycomposedbyAustralian composers.

IseegreathopesinthisforAustralianmusic.Itseemsthatweare buildingupourownmusicalbackground,andprovidingthestandardby whichthequalityofmusicwillbeassessedinthiscountry.Weshouldrememberthat,whereastheexecutant isephemeral,thecomposer,through hiscompositon,livesonthroughthe year.Heprovidesuswithapermanentdocument.

TherearecompositionsbyAustralian writersofgreatpromise-compositions thatthepublicshouldknowabout; compositionsthatthecomposershould himselfhear.Nocomposereversucceededbyhavingnomorethanmanuscriptexperienceofhiscompositions.

Allthegreatcomposershavebeen givenampleopportunitiesintechnique,andbybeingaffordedactualperformancesoftheirworks.Thissecondexperimentisoneofthemostinterestingtothecomposer.Evena workperformedinorivatewillnotbe giventhesameacidtestaswhenitis performedinpublic. Australianowhasherbigopportunity,musically,toproveherself.Providedthatthepublicdoesnotpre-supposethatAustraliaisincapable,I thinkwecangoforwardwiththeutmostconfidence.Whatourmusicians wantistheconfidenceofthapublic. Australiahasbeentoolonghamperedbyaninferioritycomplex-anoffshootfromtheformerEnglishinferioritycomplexaboutitsownmusic.This complexwasacquiredtwoandahalf centuriesago,whenHandelwentfirst toEnglandandtherebeganatremendousvogueforGermanmusicwhich wassponsoredbytheGerman-born reigningmonarch,GeorgeI.AsI saidpreviously,onlyduringthelast wardidEnglishmusicriditselfofthis feelingofinferiority.

Australia'sMusicalRecord. Afterall,Australiahasgiventothe worldartistsofinternationalrenownMelba,PercyGrainger,JohnBrownlee, FlorenceAustral,WilliamMurdoch, MargeryLawrence,EileenJoyce,Lauri Kennedy,ArnoldMatters,HaroldWilliams,DorothyHelmrich,Aylmer Buesst,andsomanyothers.

Itistimewecrushedthisinferiority complex.AsSirGranvilleBantock, famousEnglishcomposer,saidofAustralianmusicians,theyhavenatural talents,unspoiltbythedecadenceof Europe,andtheyhaveenthusiasm andfreshnessofspirit.Manyothers haveexpressedthesameopinion. ThefirstconcertwiththePerth SymphonyOrchestrawillbeconducted byProfessorBernardHeinzeinthe CapitolTheatreonMay3,with StephenDorman,pianist,assoloartist. Subscriptionandotherbookingsmay bemadeatNicholson's.

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SchoolRacquets,Restring,andRepairsobtainableatWimbledonSports Depot,81WilliamStreet(Basement), Perth.

OBITUARY

LATEMRS.C.C.WILLIAMSON.

Itwaswithdeepregretthatthe manyfriendsofMrs.C.C.Williamson heardofhersuddendeathatherresidence,36Rich4rdson-street,West Perth,onApril19.

ThelateCatherineWilliamsonwas borninBallaratandcametoWestern Australiaabout40yearsagotomarry Mr.CalebCharlesWilliamson,themarriagetakingplaceinGeraldton.BeforecomingtoresideinPerth,Mrs. Williamsonwaswellknownonthe MurchisonandinGeraldton,whereshe wasaprominentworkerinallCatholic andcharitableactivities.ShecontinuedthisgoodworkhereinPerth, andhereverreadyhelpandbright smilewillbemissednotonlybyher familybuthermanyfriends. SheleavestomournherlossMr.C. C.Williamson(husband),William (son),Phyllis,Molly,Carmel,Isadore, andBernadette(daughters),Margaret Meggison(sister),Marie(daughter-inlaw),andsixgrandchildren.

RequiemMasswascelebratedby Rev.FatherDonnellyatSt.Mary's CathedralontheMondaymorningand waslargelyattended,aswasthefuneral,whichtookplaceatKarrakatta at4p.m.Rev.FatherMcArdleofficiatedatthegraveside,andwasassistedbyRev.FathersLyneandO'Connor. Aguardofhonourwasformedby membersoftheHibernianSociety.

Thepall-bearerswereMessrs.G.Stephenson,G.Purdue,D.BolsterandR. Smyth.

Amongthosepresentwere:Messrs. J.Hegney,M.L.A.,J.Edwards,C.Hansen(DistrictBoard,H.A.C.B.S.),0. McCabe,L.Burrowes,W.A.Brown,R. McKenna,L.Goerke,J.Harvey,A.I.F., J.L.Sanderson,D.Rees,J.Murphy,T. E.O'Donoghue,T.P.Murphy,J. Priestly,B.Shepherd,J.McIntyre,J. McMurphy,J.McNamara,V.0.Fabricius,M.T.Cogan,A.Ball,W.E.Parry, F.Rogers,G.M.Scott,F.Carter,J. Tobin;MesdamesG.Stephenson,B. Bryan,F.Critch,A.McGregor,J. Burke,J.J.Ryan(representingSt. Gertrude'sEx-Collegians);C.Metcalfe, A.McGrath,B.Crossett,J.McCarthy, LyonJohnson,W.Scott,J.Priestly,M. Treacy,J.Rodan,J.Davis,F.Carter, P.Nevill,J.Rinaldi,M.Cullen,W. Parry,J.Coppin,Beatan,Quinn,Swarbrick,A.Shepherd,J.Brennan,T.P. Murphy,M.St.Strowger;MissesA. Coffey,H.Coffey,M.Scott,A.Purdue, Hill,I.O'Rourke,andE.Swarbrick.

Manywreathsandfloraltributes wereplacedonthegraveside,andthe bereavedfamilyhavereceivedwidespeadexpressionsofsympathy.

ThefuneralarrangementswerecarriedoutbythePerthFuneralDirectors.

DEATH.

KELLY.-OnApril21,1941,atNarrogin,Michael,husbandofEllen(deceased),anddevotedfatherofMary (SisterM.Rose,SacredHeartConvent,HighgateHill),Michael,Eileen (Wonnerup),Martin,andFrances (Mrs.Lodding,Northam)nativeof CountyCork,Ireland. Eternalrestgrantuntohim,0Lord, andletperpetuallightshineupon him.R.I.P.

INMEMORIAM.

BOGUE.-Infondandlovingmemory ofourdearestdaughterandsister, MaryVeronica(Molly),whodepartedthislifeonMay1,1940. ImmaculateHeartofMary,your prayersforherextol.

SacredHeartofJesus,havemercy onhersoul. -Insertedbyherlovingmother,sistersandbrothers.

BOGUE.-Insadandlovingmemory ofmydarlingsisterandaunty,VeronicaMay(Molly),whopassedaway May1,1940. SweetHeartofJesus,havemercyon her.

AlwaysremeberedbyherlovingsisterMargaret.

CATHOLICTENNIS ASSOCIATION

The1941seriesofinter-clubshield matchescommencedatvariousclub courtslastweek-end.OnSaturday the"A"and"C"gradesinthewomen's sectionwereplayed,andinthemajorityofcaseseasyvictorieswererecorded.Inthe"A"grade,St.Mary's

andSt.Joachim'scontestedakeenengagement,victoryfinallygoingtothe formerby8games.St.Kevin'swere successfulintheother''A"fixture, beatingthenewparticipant(St.Patrick's,Fremantle)by13setstothree. The"B"and"D"gradeswillcommencetheirmatchesonSaturday,May 10.

Owingtotheunfavourableweather conditions,therewasnoplayinthe men'ssection,whichwasscheduledto commenceonSundaylast.These matcheswillnowbeplayedonSunday,May11th.

SubiacoYoungMen'sClubSocial

HisGracetheArchbishopAttends

AMostSuccessfulFunction

St.Joseph'sHall,Subiaco,waswell filledonFridayevening,April18,on theoccasionoftheSubiacoCatholic YoungMensClubinitialannualsocial andpresentationofprizes.Wellattendedbymembersandtheirfriends, thefunctionwasanoutstandingsuccess.

HisGracetheArchbishopattended, accompaniedbyRev.FatherLalor. OtherguestsincludedtheRight.Rev. MonsignorFagan,V.G.,theLordand LadyMayoress(Dr.andMrs.T.W. 'Meagher),,Rev.FatherO'Sullivan, Rev.BrothersDuffy(St.George'sTerrace),()Connor(St.Patrick's),and Redmond(Aquinas),andrepresentativesoftheL.C.Y.atSouthPerthand Highgate.Severalapologieswere received.

Anumberofspeechesweremade, andduringtheeveningHisGracethe Archbishoppresentedthevarioustrophieswonintherecentclubchampionships.

Rev.FatherO'Sullivan,inwelcomingHisGracetothefunction,stated thatthemembersoftheclubwere honouredwithhispresenceattheir firstannualsocial.FatherO'Sullivan outlinedtheactivitiesoftheclubsince itsfoundationin1936,andspokeofthe recentsuccessitsathleticsectionhad achievedintheW.A.A.A.A.inter-club series.Ithadgonethroughtheseasonundefeated,wonthe"B'Grade shield,andfinishedupbysomeofits memberssecuringStatetitles.He alsoexplainedtheobjectsoftheclub, bothspirituallyandsocially,andstated itwashisearnestwishthatevery youngmanintheparishshouldbecome amember.

Inreply,HisGracetenderedhis thankstotheexecutiveforhavinginvitedhimtotheirfirstannualsocial, ashewasgreatlyinterestedinthe SubiacoCatholicYoungMen'sClub. Hewaspleasedtohearoftheactivitiesoftheclubandwasgratifiedto readoftheirsuccessontheathletic field.Heheartilycongratulatedthem onsecuringthe"B"Gradeshield,and particularlythosememberswhohad capturedStatetitles.

HisGracealsocommendedtheexecutiveonthemannerinwhichthey hadcontrolledtheclubinthepast,and urgedeachmembertoobservethe rulessetdownandtosupportthecommitteeinallitsundertakings.Inconclusion,heappealedtotheparishioners tohelptheyoungmenintheirvarious functions;whilethemembersingeneralheurgedtounitetogether,increase theirmembership,andtodotheirbest tohelpinparishaffairswheneverpossible.

FatherLalorthenspoketothe gatheringoftheaimsoftheLeagueof CatholicYouthmovement,whichis nowexpandinginmanyoftheparishes.Heexplainedthereasonsof itsformationandofitsimportanceto theparishgenerally."TheSubiaco C.Y.M.C.willbetheSubiacobranch ofthemovement,"saidFatherLalor, andIhavenodoubtthatitwillprove tobeoneofthestrongest."The speakeralsocongratulatedtheclub onitsathleticsuccessandwishedit furtherlaurelsnextseason.

TheLordMayor(Dr.T.W. Meagher),inashortaddress,thanked theexecutivefortheinvitationtothe LadyMayoressandhimself.Hesaid hehadfollowedtheactivitiesofthe clubwithinterest,andwasgladto hearofitsachievements.Dr.Meagher statedhewasattheLeedervilleOval whentheStatechampionshipswere held,andthathefeltveryproudwhen theSubiacoCatholicYoungMen'sClub wassuccessfulinsecuringthreetitles. Hewishedtheclubeverysuccessin anyfutureactivities,andwouldbeonly toopleasedtohelpthemalonginany waypossible.

Attheconclusionofthespeeches,a numberofshortfilmswereshown dealingwithvarioussports.Oneof particularinterestwasthatofthe membersoftheathleticclubinaction atLeedervilleOvalintheStateChampionships.Thiswasmostinteresting, andwasappreciatedbythelarge audience.

ThePresident(Mr.B.L.Ryan)and committeewishtotakethisopportunityofthankingthedonorsofthemagnificenttrophies,;theartists,forcontributingtotheprogramme;toMr.R. Fort,forhisfilms,etc.,andeachone whohelpedinanywaytomakethe socialthewonderfulsuccessitwas.

SubiacoYoung Men'sClub

DancingSeason.

Thedancingseasonwasofficially openedonSaturdaylast,whenalarge crowdpackedSt.Joseph'sHalltoattendtheinitialdance.Thisyearthe SubiacoC.Y.M.C.,theSt.Kevin'sTennisClub,andtheChildrenofMary Sodalityhavecombinedtogetherin theorganisationofthesedances,and iflastweeksfunctionistakenasa guide,theyshouldbemostsuccessful. Thesedanceswilltakeplaceonevery Saturdaynight,andallpatronsareassuredofawonderfultime.Theadmissionisonly1/6;thefive-pieceor- chestraisfirst-class,andthesupperis abovetheordinary.

Jottings.

Theexecutivewerepleasedwiththe largerollupofmembersatlastMonday'smeeting.Wewerealsogladto seesomanynewfacespresent.

HIGHGATEL.C.Y.

Thursdayevening,April17,Highgate

ParishHallwasconvertedinto"A NightinChinatown,"theoccasion beingthefirstdanceoftheseasonto heheldbytheLeagueofCatholic Youthtocelebratetheanniversaryoftheirfoundation.Thehallpresented acolourfulappearance,noeffortbeing sparedtocreatearealisticChineseenvironment.Gayredstreamersformed apagoda,Chinesebannersandlanterns beinghungmidstfestoonsoffern androses.Agreatcrowdofyoung peoplethrongedthefloorforevery dance.Wewerehonouredbyseveral visitors,includingmembersofthe Forces,whothoroughlyenjoyedthe happyatmosphereofChinatown.

Mrs.J.Hughes'orchestrasupplied excellentmusic,andMissPatMulcahy delightedheraudiencewithadisplay ofIrishstepdancing.

HighgateL.C.Y.wishestothank veryheartilytheorganiserandherenthusiasticbandofhelpers,whowere responsibleforthesuccessofthefunction.

"BACKTOHIGHGATE"NIGHT, MAY9.

Preparationsaregoingsteadilyforwardforthe"BacktoHighgate"socialonFriday,May9.Dozensofinvitationshavebeensentout,andif anyonehasbeenforgottenitisonly becausetheirpresentaddressisunknown.Wehope,however,thatall willbepresentatthissocial,andmembersofthecommitteearelookingforwardtorenewingoldfriendships.The eveningwillcommencewithaconcert, whichwillbefollowedbysupper,with dancingtofollow.

theLegionofClary

"Ifeverymanwouldmendaman, Thenalltheworldweremended."

GODhasalwayschosenhumble channelsthroughwhichtopourHisgraces,seekingamongthe poor,theweakandtheunlettered ratherthanfromtherich,thepowerfulandthelearned,andevenchoosinga holy,butobscuremaidofNazarethas themediumofHisgreatestblessingto mankind.

Soitisnotsurprisingthatthe seedoftheLegionofMary,germin- atingamongagroupofmodest, unknownpeopleinfar-offIreland twentyyearsago,andspreading allovertheworldsince,evento Australia,should,atlast,havesent upafrailshootinthehumblesuburbofBayswater,thussinkingits rootsinWesternAustraliatoo. Itwas,atfirst,averydelicateplant, butsurvivingtheearlystagesof growth,hasbecomemorerobu.t,even topropagatingitself,inasmallway,already.

Whentheplanwasfirstpresented, thereweremanywhoheard,butfew whofelttheycouldmakethenecessarysacrificestoundertakethework. Eventhesedidsowithnowarm flushofenthusiasm,noloftyurgeto apostoliczeal,butwithhesitation,with misgivings,withfear,evenwithrepugnance,wonderingiftheywouldturn back,butdrawnoninspiteofthemselves.

Theywereundernoillusionsabout thenatureofthetaskswhichmight falltothem.Thematterhadbeen explainedfully,honestly,baldly,with noattempttopresentitinaglamor. ouslight.Theplainfactsweregiven forpeopletotakeorleave.

Whatmadesomedecidetoaccept thislayapostolate?

Perhapstheyfeltthatnowwasthe timetobegintodosomethingactive forGod,insteadofcontinuingtopromiseastartinsomedistantfuture,as manydo thatthiswasthe"acceptabletime"toprovetheirsincerity perhapstheydarednotletitpass.

Whatevertheprompting,onNovember12,1940,thefirstPraesidiumwas formedwithtwelvemembers.

Often,duringtheensuingweeks, whendistastefultasksloomed,and preciousleisuredecreased,theymust havewonderedwhytheyhadadded theburdenofextraworktolivesalreadyfull;butforsomereason,they "hungon"untilthetimecamewhen, evenifnotfeelingagreatenthusiasm, theywouldnothaveseveredthemselves,willingly,fromtheLegion.

Earlyfruitsofthemovementhave welljustifiedthedecisiontoestablish abranchoftheLegionofMaryherein W.A.Takensingly,theymightnot seemtobeofmuchaccount,but,collectively,theLegion'sactivitiesmake aworth-whileeffort.

AnInnovation.

Perhapsthemostconcreteresultis anoticeablequickeningofthespiritual toneoftheparish.

Itbegan,appropriately,withamore ardentdevotiontotheSacredHeart, manifestingitselfinanincreasedmembership,andanewzealprompting memberstokeepcontinualwatchbeforetheBlessedSacramentonthe ThursdayprecedingthefirstFriday.

BearinginmindChrist'spromisesto thosewhohavedevotiontoHisSacred Heart,theinaugurationofthisspiritual exercisewaschosenasthefirstwork oftheLegion.Itwasthoughtthata revitalisingofdevotiontotheSacred Heartwouldbringdownablessingon theparish,andpavethewayforthe futureworkoftheLegion.IfOur Lordwouldblessthehomesofthose whohonouredHim,soitwasthought, Hewouldblessaparishwhoselovefor HisSacredHeartwasaliveandfervent.

Sothecampaignbegan.

Thehomeshadtobecanvassedso thatpeoplecouldbeaskedtohelp keepacontinuouswatchbeforethe BlessedSacrament.

Theresponsewasverygratifying, andtheinitialattendancehasbeen maintained.ThehomesarevisitedregularlypriortothenextfirstFriday, andremindersgiven,sothattherewill benofallingaway.

ThemonthlywatchbeforetheBlessedSacramentculminatesinaHoly Hour,thewholeexercisemakinga goodpreparationforthefirstFriday HolyCommunion.

Itwasencouragingthatimmediatelyfollowingthelaunchingofthisnew 'devotion,tentimesasmanyasusual wenttoHolyCommuniononthefirst Friday,thechurchbeingtaxedalmost toitscapacity.Sincethenanaugmentedattendancehasbeentherule.

TheSawedHeartSodality.

Anotherworkofimportancewhich hasborngoodfruithasbeentherecruitingofnewmemberstothevari-

ousguildsoftheSacredHeartSodality.Thisalsomeantacanvassingof thedistrict,andentailsregularmonthlyremindersfornewmembers.

EasterCeremonies. ItwasdecidedtoholdspecialEaster ceremoniesthisyear,and,forthefirst timethepeoplehadthejoyofkeeping avigilbeforetheAltarofReposein theirparishchurch.

Therewasaconstantregimentofdevotedwatchers,dayandnight,during thewholeperiodoftheExpositionon HolyThursday.

Parishionershadkepttheirpromises madetotheLegionarieswhohadbeen busyarrangingwiththepeoplestated

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timesfortheirvisits,sothattheDiv MePrisonerwouldneverbealone.

BUTforhavingbeenremindedand pinneddowntoatime,somepeople mighthavemissedthejoyandprivilegeofspendingaquietperiodbefore theBlessedSacramentonHolyThursday.Surelytherewereheartswhich musthaveknownarealEasterpeace astheresultoftheLegion'sHoly Weekcampaign.

AuxiliaryMembers.

Anotherdrivehasbeenmadetoenlistauxiliarymemberswhosesolepar- ticipationconsistsinsayingtheLegionprayersforthesuccessofthe apostolate.Theseprayersarecontainedonaleaflet,andconsist,chiefly,ofaRosary,theMagnificat,anda concludingprayer.Thesearesaid everyday,andareregardedastheammunitionforthecampaignoftheactivegroup.Withoutammunitionan armywouldbefutile,hencetheimportanceoftheauxiliarybranchand thenecessitytobecontinuallyaug- mentingit.Afterathreemonths' probation,newauxiliarymembersare contractedagain,todiscoveriftheyare persevering.Iftheprayersarebeing faithfullysaid,theirnamesarethen placedonthepermanentlist.

Priortothedayofnationalprayer, thedistrictwas sothat asmanyaspossiblewouldvisitthe Churchtoprayforourcommoncause.

DistributionofCatholicLiterature.

Withtheideaofintroducingthe Catholicviewpointonquestionsofsocialandnationalimportance,specially selectedC.T.S.pamphletsdealingwith thesesubjectshavebeenpurchased andre-sold,togetherwiththe"CatholicWorker,"regularly,onthesecond Sundayofeverymonth.

AC.T.S.standpresentedtotheLegionhasbeengivenaprominentposition.

Peoplewhobuy"TheRecord"and otherCatholicperiodicalshavebeen approachedwithaviewtopassing theseontoothersthroughtheschool childrenaswellastheLegionmembers.

TheLegionisendeavouringtocounteractthatuniversalevil,thedriftof youngpeoplefromtheChurchand, withthisinview,keepsincontactwith localyoungpeople.Asaresultof theseeffortsanumberofadolescent boysarecontemplatingaweek-end Retreat.

OtherFruitsoftheMovement.

Severalpeoplewhohavebeenaway fromtheSacramentsformanyyears havenowreturned.

AfewhabitualMass-missershaveresumedthepracticeoftheirSunday obligation,somenowattendingregularly,othersonlyyetatintervals,but eventhisisregardedasaforwardstep. Withsometherehasbeennoapparent success,buttheLegionremainshopeful,andintendstokeepintouchwith these.Somehavealreadybeenwon, eventhoughthefirstvisitsdidnot seemprofitableones.Thereisnosuch wordas"failure"intheLegion,every earnesteffortbeingcountedassuccess.

Tardyparentshavebeenurgedto havetheirbabiesbaptised,andseveral olderchildrenhavemadebelatedFirst Communions.

CatholicchildrenattendingState schoolshavebeeninducedtogotothe Conventschool.

PropagationoftheLegionhasalreadybegun,severalmembershaving beenreleasedfromtheBayswater Praesidiumtoformthenucleusof-TTto otherPraesidiainBedfordParkand WestPerth.Otherbranchesare beingconsideredandwilltakeform shortly, WhatistheLegionofMary?

ItisanassociationofCatholicswho haveformedthemselvesintoanArmy tocombat,inunionwiththeChurch, theforcesofevilintheworld.It hasthesanctionoftheChurch,and

whichtheLegionofMarytakesits name.

claimsthepatronageofMaryImmaculate,MediatrixofGraces.

Therearetwodegreesofmembership,theauxiliarymemberswhosay theprayersontheTesseradaily,and theactivememberswhodotheactual work.

ThefirstobjectoftheLegionof Maryisthepersonalsanctificationof itsmembersbyprayerandactive workintheserviceofChrist.More isdemandedofthemthanacommonplacespirituallife.

ThespiritoftheLegionisthatofits holyPatronessherself,inherfaith, humility,obedience,purity,patience, self-sacrifice,andcourageousloveof God.

LoyaltyisthekeynoteoftheLegion. Thisvirtue,coupledwithcouragediscipline,andendurance,wasattributed totheRomanLegionofold,from

Legionariesmustbepreparedtomeet withquietendurance-sourlooks,the stingofinsultandrebuff,ridiculeand adversecriticism,wearinessofbody andspirit,thebittercoldandthe blindingrain,dustandvermin,and evilsmells,sordidsurroundingstheymustbereadytobeseenwalkingwithbedraggledpersons,togra warmlythehandwhichiscoatedwith grime,topartakeofaprofferedmeal inverypoorordirtyhomes.Allthese things,andmore,musttheymeet,if necessary. Likethatsmallpioneercompanyof twodecadesago,Legionariesconsider themselvesordinarypeople,seeking,in theirimperfectway,todosomething forGod,oftenfaltering,askinghelp andreceivingit goingon,gaininga quiethappinessfromhelpingothers, notpuffedupbyanygoodtheymay do,butratherwiththisprayerintheir hearts: "Lord,helpmetodogoodbystealth, Andblushtofinditfame."

CorrectAccessories forMen'sEveningWear

Coganscanofferyoujustwhatisnewandfashionablein thewayofEveningWearMerceryforTailsorDinner Suit.

SHIRTS COLLARS TIES SOCKSHANKS BRACES

Eachofapprovedquality-andlightlypriced. Cogans alsospecialiseinEVENINGSUITS(TailsorDinner style),OVERCOATSandHATS.Expertadviceat yourserviceat

COGANBROS.,HAYSTREET

WHERE -THE- GOOD- HATS-ARE

THERECORD

PERTH,THURSDAY.MAY1,1941.

CatholicPrinciplesApplied

Sundaynextwillbedevoted,inallCatholicchurchesthroughouttheCommonwealth,totheexpositionoftheREinciplesofsocialjustice.Thiswillbethesecondobservance,anditsinterest willbeheightenedbytheissuanceofasecondStatementbythe AustralianHierarchy.TheinaugurationofaSocialJusticeSundayeachyear,andaspecialWorkers'MassonLabourDay,was followedbyexcellentresults.NotonlywereCatholicworkers andsocialstudentsstimulatedtomoreintensiveefforts,butaninfluentialsectionofmeninpublicaffairsweredeeplyimpressed bythecogentandtemperedreasoningputforthbytheBishops. ItisnottoomuchtoclaimthatthesettingupoftheChildEndowmentsystemandconsequently,theacceptanceoftheprincipleof thefamilyasthebasicunitofSocietybytheCommonwealth Government,wasonegreat,directnationalbenefitderivinglargely fromtheCatholicinsistenceontheprinciplesofsocialjustice,and theoutlineofpracticalmethodsbywhichtheycouldbeappliedto theconditionsofAustraliansociety.

ThesecondStatementoftheBishops,whichwillbereleased onSunday,isatoncelongerandmorepracticalthantheoriginal pronouncement.Whilere-affirmingtheprinciplethattheworker hasarightinstrictjusticetoafamilywage,anddetailinginwhat afamilywagediffersfromthesecularconceptofthebasicwage, theBishopsproceedtoplacetheresponsibilityforitspayment. "Thepaymentofajustfamilywage,"theystate,"isaFirst ChargeonIndustry."Recenttendenciestoshifttheemployers' responsibilityontotheshouldersoftheStatearetherebyclarified. TheState'sdutiesinthematteronlyarisewhereanindustrycannotpaythefamilywage.Theprinciple,acceptedbyallpolitical partiesandbytheArbitrationCourt,ofthe"abilitytopay"is criticised,anditisshownthewagestandardsmustbefixedprimarilybyreferencetofamilyneeds.Sincethefamilywageisa firstchargeonindustry,itfollowslogicallythatthefamilywage comesbeforedividends.However,theapportioningofmoralresponsibilitiesinthecaseoflarge-scaleindustriesconductedby publiccompanies,whileanadmitteddifficulty,iscoveredbythe sameprinciple.Thereissomeinterestingdiscussionontheresponsibilitiesofthosewhodrawdividendsfrommultipleenterprisesinrelationtoagivenindustrywheresocialjusticedoesnot obtain.Thereismentionforthefirsttimeofobligationsarising outofsocialcharity.

* OfparticularinterestiswhattheBishopsstate(withemphasis)is"themethod"offixingthefamilywage.Brieflyitisa basicwagecomputeduponthenormalneedsofabachelor.Increasedwagescommencewithmarriage,andfurtherwiththebirth ofeachchild.Theschemetobefinancedbytheindustriesconcernedoutofanequalisationfundandsupplementedifnecessary bytheState.ThereisadvocacyalsooftheStatecompellingemployerstocreateafundoutofwhichworkerswouldbepaidthe balancebetweenthebasicwageandthefamilyincometowhich theyareentitled.Thisispreferredoverthealternativeofthe Stateitselfpaying.TheFederalGovernmentispraisedforthe introductionofChildEndowment,andurgedtopursueitsobjectives"evenagainsttheoppositionofthosewho,forselfishreasons,areunwillingtoseejusticedonetotheworkersofAustralia andtotheirfamilies.TheBishops,however,donotappeartobe wholeheartedlysatisfiedwiththescheme,fortheGovernmentis remindedthat"theamountofendowmentshouldbearadefinite relationtotheactualcostofmaintainingachild."Nominalendowmentwillonlybringtheschemeintopubliccontempt.The Governmentisalsourgedtoconsiderthenecessityofmarriage loansasameansofpreventinglatemarriagesandofincreasing thepopulation-"avitalnecessityiftheclaimofourpeopleto continuetoinhabitthisContinentistobeajustclaim."

Adiscussionofintenseinterestcentresabout"thecapacityof thenationtopay,"anditisbluntlypointedoutthatifthewage systemmustnecessarilyfailtosecureajustdistributionofgoods, "itmustbescrappedinfavourofasystemwhichdoes."Serious doubtexistsintheBishops'mindsaboutthewagesysteminAustralia."Co-operativeworkingofindustry,givingtotheworkers anadequateshareintheprofits,themanagementandthecontrol ofindustry,mayhavetobesubstituted."Themostvitalaspect ofthewagesystem,however,istheconceptofitasastepping stonetotheownershipofproductiveproperty,withoutwhichthe wage-earnerisatthemercyofoutsidebodiesandultimatelyof theStateitself,dependinguponthemcompletelyforhisownlivelihoodandthatofhisfamily."Thefirststepinthisdirectionis theownershipofthefamilyhome.Flatsaredescribedas"an abomination,"andhomesteadfarmsforindustrialworkersareadvocated.ThefinalchapteroftheStatementdiscussesthevalue .oftheoccupationalorganisationofindustryandtherecentlyestablishedconciliationcommitteesarepraisedasanadvanceinthis direction.ThedevelopmentofIndustrialCouncilsisproposedto ensurethat"apropermeasureofself-governmentisgiventoindustry,"thusmakingforagreatermeasureofrealindependence fortheindividualsconcernedinindustry.Thefunctionsofthese 'Councilsislucidlyelaborated.Localcouncilsarealsosuggested, andthese,togetherwiththeindustrialcouncils,theFamily,the 'Church,andtheState,arethefivesocietiesindispensablefor healthysociallife.SoendstheBishops'Statement-adocument ofincomparablevalueforthepresentandforthechaoticdays whichmustfollowtheWar.

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

May4:AdministersSacramentofConfirmationatBoulderandCoolgardie, andappealsonbehalfofSt.Charles ApostolicSchool.

May16:AdministertheSacramentof Confirmationtochildrenattending ReligiousHolidaySchool,Pinjarra. May25:BlessnewPresbyteryat Kondinin.

May31:PresideatProfessionCeremonyatSt.JohnofGodConvent, Subiaco.

OrganRechalinCathedral

Newly-AppointedOrganist,assisted bySt.Mary's

TUESDAY,MAY6,AT8p.m.

FollowingRosaryandBenediction, commencingat7.30p.m.nextTuesday night,anorganrecitalwillbegivenby MissMargaretHanley,assistedbythe CathedralChoir,whichwillbeconduct. edbytheDiocesanDirectorofSacred Music(Rev.FatherAlbertLynch).

Theprogrammetobegivenisboth aninterestingandbrilliantone,and willgivethefullestscopetotheplayer'spowersandthebeautifultonal qualitiesofthefineorganthatthe Cathedralisfortunateinpossessing. Thisrecitalwillbethemoreinteresting inthatitisalongtimesincetheorgan hasbeenheardapartfromtheaccompanimentsofthevariousChurchfunctions.

MissHanley,thoughsoyounga player,hasalreadyastonishedallthose whohaveheardherplaybytheextraordinarytechnicalfacilitythatshepossessesandthematuresensitivenessof herplaying.

Theprogrammewillbeasfollows:

CathedralChoir Programme.

1.PreludeandFugueinD.Major (Bach) Organ

2.AgnusDei(fromtheMass"Aeterna ChristiMunera"(Palestrina)Choir

3.ThreeChoralPreludes:

(a)JesusDesireoftheHeart (((MargeryMoore).

(b)OurFather(MargeryMoore).

(c)0Cometous,LordJesusChrist (Bach) Organ

4.AveMaria(Victoria) Choir

5.SuiteGothique(Boellmann)Organ

(a)Introduction-Choral.

(b)Menuet. (c)PrayertoOurLady. (d)Toccata

6.(a)Sanctus(Refice) (b)Exultatejusti(Viadana)Choir

7.PastoralFantasy(CharlesWaters) Organ.

8.Andantino(Sibelius) Organ. TheRecitalwillcommenceat8p.m., followingRosaryandBenedictionat 7.30p.m. AcollectionwillbetakenfortheCa. thedralChoirBoys'Fund.

St.Charles'Seminary

THEcampaignbeingconducted throughouttheStatebythe VeryRev.Dr.Goody,inconnectionwiththefutureSt.Charles' Seminary,apartfromthefinancialaspect,whichis,ofcourse,important,is neverthelessprincipallyfortwoends: thediffusionofknowledgeastowhat theseminaryisandwhatitisfor,and secondlytheseekingoutandencouragementofthoseboyswhoarehopeful ofsomedaybecomingpriests.

Itmaybesaid,withoutundueoptimism,thatboththeseaimsarebeing graduallyrealisedinthoseparishes throughwhicHthecampaignhasal. readypassed.Alotofmisconceptionandoppositionhasdisappeared whentheschemehasbeenthoroughly understoodandthenumberofpromisingvocationsamongsttheboysinthe differentparishes,whilenotfantastic, iscertainlyencouraging.

Geraldton.

Theappealwillnowbecontinuedin theGeraldtonDiocese,andthefollowingisalistoftheapproximatedates forthevariouslocalities:

SAYS00.0PSARE"MADETO ORDER"FORYOUTH.

St.Louis,U.S.A.

Sayingthatconsumers'co-operatives were"madetoorder"foryouthin providingameansoflivelihood,Miss MaryG.Dooling,nationalsecretaryof theStudents'CommitteeonCo-operatives,SodalityofOurLady,toldthe studentbodyatSt.Michael'sHigh Schoolhere,thatco-operationwasa challengetoyouth,especiallyCatholics,becauseoftheirbeliefintheMysticalBodyofChrist.

"Youngpeople,especiallythosewho arestillatschool,maysometimeslook attheworldofbusinessandwonder wheretheycanpossiblyfitin,"she continued."Theyseealmostevery fieldover-aPowded:theyseemany whohavestudiedforyearsinorderto fitthemselvesforsomespecialtypeof workunabletofindanyemployment evenwiththeirfinetraining.Cooperativesare'madetoorder'for youth.Co-opsneedsallthestrength andcourageandidealismthatyouth canbring.Asco-operationgrowsits vocationaloppiortu(nitiesincreasemanagersforstores,techniciansto operatefactories,bookkeepersand auditorstokeepitsaccounts,salesmen, clerks,alltypesofwarehousemenand labourers.Thereisafieldinitselffor thosewhowishtotrainthemselvesto spreadtheCo-operativeMovementas teachersandfieldsecretaries."

QUARANTORE

MAYPROCESSION

OnnextSundayafternoonat3p.m., theannualMayProcessionwillbeheld atSt.Columba's,SouthPerth.The processionwillleaveSt.Columba's Churchat3p.m.,goalongForrest. streettotheConventChapel,andreturnbyAlexandra-streettothechurch. ClontarfBoys'Bandwillaccompany thecongregationalsinging.Thecadets fromAquinasCollege,underLieut. JohnCullity,willmarch.ManymembersofChildrenofMarySodalitiesare expected.

TotheCatholicpeopleoutsidethe parishacordialinvitationisextended.

Theoccasionalsermonwillbepreach. edbytheRev.FatherJ.Murphy,B.A., L.Ph.

1941. MAY.

Sunday.

1st.Northam:FortyHours' Prayer(2nd.-4th,).

2nd.Manjimup:OneDayof Exposition.

3rd.EastVictoriaPark:One DayofExposition.

4th.Claremont:FortyHours' Prayer(23rd.-25th.).

M1158-Telephones-L1460 MEAD,SON&CO. FUNERALDIRECTORS.

190ALBANYROAD,VIC.PARK.

33CANNINGHIGHWAY. EASTFREMANTLE.

ThePopeAppealstoMenandBoys

"GOMOREFREQUENTLYTOHOLYCOMMUNION"

Speakingrecentlyto5,000Catholic ActionstudentswhomadeapilgrimagetoSt.Peter'sandtheHolySee, HisHolinessPopePiusXII.appealed tomenandboystobemorecourageousandmilitantintheobservanceof theirreligiousdutiesand,withtact anddiscretion,tobecourageousinencouragingtimidback-sliders.The young,saidHisHoliness,areever readytopridethemselvesonfearing nothing,yettheyareoftenafraidof beingthoughtold-fashioned.Butby beingtrulyChristianamanisalways up-to-date.

ALoyalSolidFaith.

Theymusthaveafaiththatisloyal andsolid,overcomingfearsofhuman respect,anditmustbeafaiththatis fedbyajoyoussenseofbrotherhood. Itmustbecourageousandmilitant faithasbefitsonewhotrustsinChrist Whohasovercometheworld.

"Sucharetheathletesweneedtoday.'

Thespiritofirreligionhasswept overtheworld,saidHisHoliness,and haspenetratedevenintothesoulsof nationscalledCatholic.

Catholicyouthmustbezealous. Woulditnotbeahumiliatingsightto seemorezealinthosewhopromote hatredofChristthaninthosewhobelieveinandloveChrist?

BeLoyaltotheMass.

TheHolyFatherofferedtheyoung menhissincerestcongratulationson theirdriZetoincreasedevotiontothe Mass.

Thefirstargumentintheircampaign wouldbetheirowngoodexamplein AstingatMassondaysofobligation. Theymustspeakoutplainlytoencouragethosewhodonotalwaysattend Massonthosedaysandtobringhack thosewhohavelapsedaltogether.

"Youwillremindthem,withtactfulnessanddiscretion,thatevery Christianhasanobligationtomake holytheLord'sDay.Itisagrave obligationwhichcannotbesetasideon theexcuseofaSundayexcursion,a shootingtrip,orsomesportingfixture."

TheHolyFatherwentontopoint outthattheactionoftheMassincludestheconsumptionoftheVictimthatis,theCommunionofthepriest and FrequentHolyCommunion.

"Youarecertainlyaware,even thoughyouhavenopersonalmemory ofit,ofthezealwithwhichourillustriouspredecessorPopePiusXproclaimedtheexcellenceoffrequentCommunion.Youknowhowinanswerto hiscalltherehasbeenduringthepast quarterofacentury,everywhere,an increaseinthenumberofthose,especiallyyounggirls,whogofrequently, manyofthemeveryday,toHolyCommunion.

DutyofMenandBoys.

"Itisfittingthatmenandboys shouldshowthemselvesnolessloyal

IRISHNATIONAL

STEPDANCING

ChampionshipofWesternAustralia.

Theannualcompetitionforthe abovewasconductedbytheIrishNationalForesters'BenefitSociety,under standardregulationsandconditions.

Theholderofthetitlewaschallengedbyseven,andthecompetitionwas conductedonMondayeveninginthe FriendlySocieties'Hall,Fremantle. MasterE.Mulcahy,gainingthehighesttotalpoints1253)fortheIrishJig, ReelandHornpipe,wasawardedthe title.Thefollowingarethepointsof theothercompetitors:A.Tuckfield, C.Kane,S.Brown,250;M.Burzacott, G.Hernan,249;R.Mathers,246;M. Sharp,244.

TheHighChiefRanger(Mr.Groessler)investedthewinnerofthetitle withthechampionshipcollar,andpresentedhimwithanappropriatelyinscribedcup.Hethenproceededto presentthetrophieswonduringthe year1940-1941.

LabourDayJubileeSports.

TheIrishNationalForesterswillbe conductingtheIrishNationalStep DancingCompetitionsattheLabour DaySports,W.A.C.A.Grounds,East Perth,nextMonday.

Programme.

(Openonlytodancersregistered Society.)IrishJig,under10yea IrishReel,under13years;IrishHornpipe,under16years.

(Opentoanypatronofsports16 yearsandover.)LabourDayJubilee Championship.Competitorstodance eitheranIrishJig,Reel,orHornpipe. Allnominationsongroundsat 1 p.m.Judgeswillbepipedtotheir positionspunctuallyat2p.m.

JUSTICENOW!

(ContinuedfromFrontCoverfl)

andlovingandnolesssolicitousforthe goodoftheirsouls. Theymust marchforwardwithstrengthandcourage.Manyhavebegun;othersare beginning;somegoonlyatEasterand onbigfeasts. "Towhichofthesedoyouwishto belong?Clearlytothosewhowishto goforwardandevenbethefirsttog6 alongthisholyroad.Goyourselves andencourageotherstogoatleast onceamonth;strengthenthemwith yourcourageagainsttheonslaughtof humanrespect.

"Themoreyougrowingracethe moreyouwillknowChrist,andthe moreyouknowHimthemoreyouwill loveHim."

irmINSMO=1441MIPIMOMPOINO411

Therewillbeaspecial LabourDay Massat9a.m.

InSt.Mary'sCathedral

ALCAZARECHO

ThenewsbroadcastbytheVatican RadiothattheremainsofLuisMoscardo,theheroicSpanishyouthshot bythebesiegersoftheAlcazarduring theSpanishCivilWar,havebeendiscovered,recallsoneoftheworld's greatestepics.

ColonelMoscardo,with1,100men underhiscommand,heldtheage-old AlcazarofToledoforGeneralFranco attheoutbreakofthecivilwar.There werealso520womenand50children inthefortress.OnJuly21,1936,the siegebegan.

Onthe23rd.,theColonelwascalled tothetelephone.Heheardavoice.

"IamthecommanderoftheSocialisttroops.Youunderstand?Iam givingyoutenminutestomakeup yourmind.Ifbythenyouhavenot decidedtosurrenderIshallimmediatelyhaveyourownsonshot.Heis herebesideme.ToassureyouIam speakingthetruth,Iwilllethimspeak toyou."

ThentheColonelheardhissonspeaking.

"Hello,Father.Theytellmethat ifyoudon'tsurrendertheywillshoot me.Butdon'tworry.Idiewith pleasureforGodandSpain."

"Yes,Luis.DielikeaSpaniardand aChristian,givingtwo'vivas,'onefor ChristtheKing,oneforSpain.Do youpromise?"

Throughthemicrophonethevoice comesclearly.

"VivaCristoRey!VivaEspana!"

Inafewmomentsthetelephonerings again.

"Colonel,letuscometothepoint.I havegivenyoutenminutes.Five havealreadypassed.Whatisyour decision?"

"Iammakingyouapresentofthe otherfive.Goahead."

TheSocialistcommanderkepthis word.AndsodidGeneralMoscardo. ThesiegewaspursuedwithfierceenergyuntilSeptember27,whenGeneral Varelaarrivedwithreinforcementsand thesiegewasraised.Withoutfood, withoutwater,withoutwarsupplies, thespiritofGeneralMoscardohadtriumphed.

"DeadforGodandSpain"isthe simpleinscriptiononthemonument nowraisedoverthemortalremainsof LuisMoscardoandofhisbrother,who wasalsoassassinatedbytheRedsin Barcelona,duringthesametragic days.

WesternAustralianbranchofSeppelts,Ltd.,havereceivedwordthat exhibitsofthefirmreceivedhighest awardsatthe1941SydneyShow.The famousGreatWesternchampagnes, sparklinghock,andsparklingburgundy carriedofffirstawards,andSeppelts' liqueurscarriedofftheblueribandtoo. Theworld-wideknownSeppeltcherry brandyandcremedemonthecarried allbeforethem.

Mr.andMrs.W.F.Artis,lateofthe BalmoralHotel,VictoriaPark,desire tonotifytheirmanyfriendsandbusinessacquaintancesthattheyhave takenovertheVictoriaHotel,Haystreet,Suhiaco,whereallwillbewelcomed.TheVictoriaHotelhasbeen newlyrenovatedandreconstructed, withroomybarsandlounges,andrefurnishedwithmodernequipment.

FormallyapprovedbytheEpiscopalCommitteeonCatholic Action.

Encyclicalonthesocialquestion,Pius XIdeclaredthat"SocialJusticecannotbesaidtohavebeensatisfiedas longasworkingmenaredeniedasalarythatwillenablethemtosecurepropersustenanceforthemselvesandfor theirfamilies."

17.InthesameEncyclicalthelate PopestressedthatitwasJusticeand notCharitywhichdemandedthatworkersbepaidaFamilyWage.InpayingtheFamilyWage,theemployeris givingtotheworkersmoneywhich justlybelongstothem;heisnotsimplybeinggenerouswithhisown money.InwithholdingtheFamily Wage,whenhecanaffordtopayit,he isretainingmoneywhichbelongsto someoneelse.Thatistheft.

18."Fromthisitfollows,"wrotePius XI,"thata'charity'whichdeprives theworkingmanofthesalarytowhich hehasastricttitleinjusticeisnot charityatall,butonlyitsemptyname andhollowsemblance.Thewage-earnerisnottoreceiveasalmswhatishis dueinjustice.Andletnooneattemptwithtriflingcharitabledonations toexempthimselffromthegreatduties imposedbyjustice."

19.ThePaymentoftheFamilyWage isaFirstChargeonIndustry.After theemployerhasobtainedaFamily Wageforhimselftheworkerisentitled tothepaymentofaFamilyWagethatisasufficientwagetoensureaproperlivelihoodforhimselfandhisfamily-beforeanyprofitsaccruetothe employer.

20.ThePaymentofaFamilyWageis aChargeontheIndustryConcerned RatherthantheState.Itisnotjust todemandwagessohighthatanemployercannotpaythemwithoutruin. Butatthesametime,ifthebusiness makessmallerprofitsonaccountof badmanagement,wantofenterprise,or out-of-datemethods,thisisnotajust reasonforreducingtheworker'swages belowthefamilylevel.Neitherisit justforindustrytopassitsresponsibilitytopaytheFamilyWageontothe State,unlessitisquiteimpossiblefor industrytobearthisresponsibility.

21.Ifsuchanindustry,despitethe factthatitfindsitimpossibletopay theFamilyWagetoworkers,mustbe keptinexistencebyreasonofnational policy,thenthereisobviouslyaduty ontheStatetomakeupthedifference betweenthewageswhichtheindustry canaffordtopayandtheFamilyWage whichtheworkersintheindustryare entitledtoinjustice.

hapterIV.

JUSTICEDEMANDSTHEFAMILY WAGE.

22.Whenitisstatedthattheworker isentitled,injustice,toaFAMILY WAGE,itismostimportanttounderstandwhatthingsareincluded,accord. ingtoChristianprinciples,inthewage towhichtheworkerisentitled.

23.Aworkercannotbesaidtobe receivingtheFamilyWageunlessthe amountwhichhereceivesenableshim to:

(a)securepropersustenanceforhimselfandforhisfamily;

(b)havetheopportunityofacquiringamoderateamountofproperty forhimself,sothathewillnotbe entirelydependentonhiswages;

(c)makesuitableprovision,through publicorprivateinsurance,forold age,forperiodsofillness,andunemployment;

(d)improvetheculturalconditionin whichheandhisfamilylive.

24.Itisquiteclearthattheserequirementshavenotbeenobservedin thefixationofthebasicwageinAustraliaatanytimeinthepast.The sumwhichhasbeenfixedbytheArbitrationCourtasthebasicwageofthe Commonwealthcertainlydoesnotfulfil alltherequirementswhichwerelaid downbyPopePiusXIasproperlyconstitutingtheFamilyWage. Noe,indeed,doesitevenpretendto doso.

ARBITRATIONCOURT'SSTANDARD.

25.Inhisjudgment,deliveredatthe conclusionoftherecentapplicationto theFederalArbitrationCourtofAustraliaforanall-roundincreaseinthe BasicWage,theChiefJudgeofthe Courtdeclaredthatthepresentbasic wageofferedonly"ameagreexistence forafamilyunitoffour.'Inother words,thepresentbasicwage,which variesinthevicinityof£4aweek,is regardedasprovidingonlyabaresubsistenceforafamilycomposedofa

man,wife,andtwochildren,andit certainlydoesnotenabletheworkerto makeadequateprovisionforhimself andhisfamilyagainstsicknessandold age,nordoesitgivehimanyopportunityofsavingsoastoacquireamoderateamountofproperty.

26.TheChiefJudgeadmittedthat whereafamilyofmorethantwochildrenwasconcerned"hardshipisoften experienced"onthepresentbasicwage. Itcannotbedoubtedthatmanyof thesefamilies,especiallythosewitha largernumberofchildren,haveoften fallenbelowthebarelevelofsubsistencewhentheyhavetorelyonthe presentbasicwage.Thisconditionis aggravatedwhenthebread-winneris onlyoccupiedinpart-timeemployment, sothatthefamilydoesnotevenget theentirebasicwage.

27.TheFamilyWageasdefinedby HisHolinessthelatePopePiusXIis clearlyawagewhichincludesmore thanthesimple"needs"ofafamily whentheseareinterpretedasmeaning enoughtoobtainfood,clothing,shelter.

Andyet,ifthelawofthelandis whatitwasstatedtobebytheJudges oftheArbitrationCourtintherecent BasicWagecase,eventhatminimum willnotnecessarilybemaintainedin theBasicWage.

29.Itwasmadeclearthattheonly standardwhichwasadoptedbythe CourtwasthattheBasicWageshould bethehighestthatindustryasawhole canpay.Theneedsofafamilyare nomorethanaguide,assistingthe Courttoarriveatthatstandard.N absolutevalueisattachedtothe amountrequiredtoobtainfood,clothing,andshelterforafamily,letalone toobtainthoseitemslistedbyPope PiusXIasclueinjusticetothefamily.

FAMILYWAGEBEFOREDIVIDENDS.

30.ThefactthattheArbitration Courthasadoptedastandardwhich doesnotconcernitselfprimarilywith theneedsofthefamilyshowsthatif SocialJusticeistobeachievedourindustrialsystemneedstoberemodelled completely.

TherewillbenoSocialJusticeuntil theprincipleisrecognisedthatthe FamilyWagecomesbeforedividends.

31.TheArbitrationCourtisthenormalchannelforthefixationofthe wagesoftheworkers,andtheBasic Wageisbecomingincreasinglythe standardwagebyreferencetowhich theconditionsofAustralianworkersare fixed.

32.Accordingly,ifthefixationofa FamilyWage,whichwillprovidefor theessentialsoftheworkingclassfamilyasaprimaryconsideration,isnot regardedastheabsoluteminimumof theBasicWage;andifthemembersof theArbitrationCourtBenchadmitthat thewagewhichitactuallyfixedisabsolutelyinsufficientforlargerfamilies, itisclearthatadditionsaredueinjusticetotheBasicWageinthecaseOf workerswhohavechildrentomaintain. Theseadditionsmaybemadeeitherby fixinganewlegislativebasisforthe BasicWageorbythepaymentofChild Endowment.

ChapterV.

THEFAMILYWAGEISAFIRST CHARGEONINDUSTRY.

33.WereindustryinAustraliaand NewZealandtobeoperatingonproperChristianlines,thefollowingwould seemtobethemethodoffixingthe FamilyWage:

'11)ThestandardoftheBasicWage wouldbethatofasingleman.This wouldcoverhisessentialneedsof food,clothing,andshelter;itwould provideamodestamountofrecreation,andenablehimtosavefor marriage.

(2)Onhismarriage,theworker wouldbegivenanincreaseinwages toprovidenowforhiswifeinadditiontohimself,andtoprovidealso forsavingsinanticipationoftheexpenseofthebirthofachild.He wouldalsobegivenabonustoenable himtopurchaseinparthishouse andfurniture.

(3)Onthebirthofeachchild,he wouldbegivenanaddedweeklypaymenttocoverthecostofhisdependentchildren.

(4)Themoneyforthesepayments shouldcomeprimarilyfromtheindustryconcerned,whichshouldestablishanequalisationfundoutof whichthepaymentcouldbemade. Ifthefundsoftheindustrywerenot sufficienttoenablethesepayments tobemade,theyshouldbesupplementedfromthepublicrevenues. Obviouslysuchamethodoffixingthe FamilyWagewouldoperatemosteasilywhenindustrywouldbeorganised intothosevocationalgroupingswhich. asPiusXIsays"shouldbethea,mof

Allowanceof20/-

Racquetsreceive75/-RacquetforNV-atWimbledonSportsDepot,81(Basement) WilliamStreet.

YEATES&YEATES W.A.O.A.

OPTOMETRISTS

37BARRACKSTREET, PERTH (OppositeTownHall.)

PIANOTUNING

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sociallegislation."Intheorganisation ofindustryatthepresentmomentit wouldbefraughtwithmanydifficulties.

34.Ithasalreadybeenstatedthat aftertheemployerhashimselfreceived aFamilyWage,heisboundinjustice topaytheFamilyWagetoallofhis employeesbeforeanyprofitcanbe takenoutoftheindustryforhimself.

35.Thisprincipleiseasytoapplyin thosecaseswheretheemployerisone manandthebusinessisaprivateconcern.Itismoredifficultofapplicationinthoselarge-scaleindustries, whicharebecomingmoreandmoretypicaloftheAustralianeconomicsystem,wheretheemployerisnotaprivateindividualbutapubliccompany.

36.Nevertheless,althoughgreaterdifficultywillbeencounteredinfixingthe rightsandresponsibilitiesofthedifferentindividualswhodrawprofitfrom thecompany,theprincipleitselfremainsthesameandmustbeobserved ifgrossinjusticeisnottobeinflicted upontheworkers.

37.Accordingly,directorsandother executivesoftheindustry,aswellas shareholderswhoreceiveanincome fromtheprofitsoftheseindustries,are boundtoobservethisrequirementin justice,thataftertheythemselveshave receivedaFamilyWagefromtheirenterprise,theyhavenoclaimtoprofit untiltheworkersintheindustryhave alreadyreceivedaFamilyWagethemselves.

38.Itiscommonto-dayforlarge shareholderstodrawdividendsfrom morethanoneenterprise.Although socialjusticedoesnotimposeanobligationbywhichaflourishingindustry mustcontributetoapoorindustry,so thattheworkersinthelattercanreceivetheFamilyWage,socialcharity mayimposeanequallybindingduty onthelargeshareholderinterestedin ,oth SOCIALCHARITYOPERATES.

39.AlearnedandauthoritativecommentatorontheEncyclical"QuadragesimoAnno'hasdeclaredthat"ifthe employerhasadditionalothermeans it mayevenbecomeadutytoprovidethenecessitiesfortheworkerwho hastosupportafamilybutcannotdo itforlackofsufficientwageincome."

40.Inthesedaysofindustrial concentration,whenthesamemen figureonthelistofshareholdersof numbersofpubliccompanies,thisis apracticalandnotsimplyanacademicmatter.

41.Wedonotmaintainthatequality ofwagesinactualtermsofmoneyfor allmen,whethertheybedirectorsof anindustryorworkmen,isanessentialofChristiansocialjustice.The familywagewillvaryaccordingtothe stationofthedifferentpersonsconcerned,sincethefinancialrequirementsof meninonepositionwilldifferfrom thoseofmeninanother.

42.Itmustbeemphasised,however, thatthesedifferencesmustbereal,and notbasedontheluxurieswhichare

generallyassociatedwiththestationin lifeofthewealthiersectionsofthecommunity.Furthermore,marginalwages, varyingwiththenatureanddifficulty oftheworkperformedbydifferent men,arejustandnecessary.

ChapterVI. THEBODYWHICHISLIABLEFOR THEPAYMENTOFAFAMILY WAGEISPRIMARILYTHEINDUSTRYWHICHEMPLOYSTHE WORKERCONCERNED.

43.Iftheindustryinwhichtheworkerisemployedisunabletopaythe FamilyWage,theresponsibilityforthe paymentofabalancesothattheworkermaymaintainhisfamilyaccording tothestandardsprescribedrestsupon theState,iftheStateregardsitasdesirableornecessarythattheindustryshouldcontinuetofunction.

44.Inbothofthesecasesthereisa directdutyupontheState.TheprimarydutyoftheStateistoensurethat asfaraspossibleanindustrypaysthe FamilyWagetoitsworkers.Failing that,abalanceshouldbepaidbythe Stateitselfwhichshouldraisethe moneybywhateverjustmeansithas atitsdisposal.

45.Itwillbeseenthatthereareat leasttwomethodswhichmightbeconsideredinthisrespect.Eitherthe Statecouldcompeltheemployersina particularindustryorinindustryasa wholetocreateafundoutofwhich workerswouldbepaidthebalancebetweenthebasicwageandthefamilyincometowhichtheyareentitled,orthe Statemustpaythebalanceitselfoutof publicrevenue.

46.Whereveritispracticabletheformermethodispreferable,provided thatthesmalleremployerstowhom thisaddedburdenwouldberuinousare safeguarded,sinceitattemptstoplace thechargeforthepropermaintenance oftheworker'sfamilyonthosewho shouldcarrytheresponsibility-thatis, ontheindustrygenerally.However, wherethisinvolvespracticaldifficultieswhichmightbeinsuperable,aduty remainsontheStatetoprovidefor thesepaymentsoutofitsownrevenues.

47.InthepresentstateoftheAustralianeconomy,whenitisuniversally acknowledgedthatthepresentbasic wageimposesheavydisabilitiesonlarge familiesandthatitisbarelysufficient evenforsmallfamiliesoftwochildren, therightoftheworkerstoChildEndowmentcannotbedenied.

URGENTRESPONSIBILITYOF THESTATE.

48.TheStatehasrecogniseditsresponsibilityinthismatterandnothing shouldbeallowedtointerferewiththe performanceofitssimpleduty.

49.TheFederalGovernmentofAustralia,inintroducingaschemeofChild Endowment,hasgivenrecognitiontoa principlewhichhaswonuniversalsupport,anditwouldbeanactofinjusticeofthefirstmagnitudeshouldthose forceswhichplacethemselvesinoppositiontothismeasureofjusticeforthe workerssucceedinrestrictingthebenefitsoftheplan.

50.ThedutyoftheStateistosecure thecommongood,.andtobefirmand constantinthepursuitofthisobjective evenagainsttheoppositionofthose who,forselfishreasons,areunwilling toseejusticedonetotheworkersof Australiaandtotheirfamilies.The Governmenthasalreadywonjustcommendationforitselfinintroducingthis measure,andvigilanceshouldbeexercisedtoensurethattheworkersreceivethefullestbenefitfromtheplan. Failuretodothiswouldbeconnivance inanactofinjusticeandwouldbeviolatingtheverypurposeforwhichthe Governmenthasbeengivenauthority torulethepeopleofAustralia-mainly,thecommongoodofthatpeople.

51.Manyargumentshavebeenpro ducedinfavourofChildEndowment asameasuredesignedtoincreasethe populationofthiscountry.Inthemselvestheseargumentsaremostlaudable,asanincreaseinthepopulation ofAustraliaisavitalnecessityifthe claimofourpeopletocontinuetoinhabitthiscontinentistobeajust claim.Furthermore,anincreasein Australia'spopulationisanurgentnationalnecessity.

ENDOWMENTFOUNDEDON JUSTICE.

52.However,itmustberealised thattherightofthefamilytoChild Endowmentdoesnotdependon thenecessityforanincreaseinthe population.Thisisaresultwhich itisconfidentlyhopedwillfollow fromthegrantingofChildEndowment,buttherighttoChildEndowmentisfoundedintheobligationof justicetopayafamilywageorits equivalenttothosewhoarepossessed offamilyresponsibilities.

MARRIAGELOANS.

53.InthisrespectMarriageLoans mustalsobeconsidered,forunlessearliermarrigescanbeencouragedby practicalmethods,thepurposeofa planofChildEndowment,insofarasit isintendedtostimulatethegrowthof population,isliabletobefrustratedby

latemarriages.Owingtotheconditionsoflifeinamodernindustrialcity,marriagesarefrequentlydelayedbecausethecoupleconcernedcannotfind thecapitalwhichisnecessarytoset themselvesupinahome.

54.LoansmadebytheStatetoenablecouplestosurmountthisdifficulty wouldbeaverypracticalmeasureto secureearliermarriages,andifpartof therepaymentswereremittedwithtfie birthofchildrentheywoulddomuch toencourageyoungcouplestobring childrenintotheworld.Marriage loanshavealreadybeeninstitutedin someEuropeancountries.

55.OnthismatterofChildEndowmentonelastphaseneedstobestressed.Particularlybecausejusticemust begiventothebreadwinnerconcerned,butalsoincidentallybecauseitis necessaryifChildEndowmentisto serveasamethodofincreasingthepop- ulation,theamountofendowment shouldbearadefiniterelationtothe actualcostofmaintainingachild.

NOMINALENDOWMENTFUTILE.

56Anominalendowmentwhich doesverylittletoenablethefamily tomeettherealcostofmaintaining childrenwillnotonlyfailtosecure justiceforthefamily,andfailto encouragetheraisingoflargerfamilies,butwillbringthewholeideaof ChildEndowmenttopubliccontempt.Itwillbenomorethana subsidyora"dole"givenasamatter ofcharitybytheState,whereasChild Endowmentisto-dayamatterofjustice.Thisisamatterdemandingthe urgentattentionoftheGovernments ofAustraliaandNewZealand.

ENDOWMENTNOTBEYOND CAPACITYOFNATiON.

57.Ithasbeensaidinthepastand nodoubtitwillbesaidinthefuture thatwhateverthemethodofpayment suggested,theFamilyWageisbeyond thecapacityofthenationtopay.

58.Thisisanotherwayofsaying thattheproductivityofthenationhas notreachedastagewhereitcanafford forallitscitizensthosestandardsto whichChristianprinciplessaythatthey havearight.

59.Withoutmakinganyjudgmentas towhethersufficientgoodsarebeing producedinAustraliaatthemomentto supplyallAustralianswithalltherequirementsofaFamilyWage,itcan certainlybesaidthatafargreater shareofthesenecessitiescouldbedistributedtofamilies,especiallythefamiliesoftheworkingclass,thantheycan obtainatthepresentmoment.

Thepurposeofthewage-systemisto secureajustdistributionofgoodsproducedbymen.Ifitfailstodoso,it mustbescrappedinfavourofasystem whichdoes.

60.Thegreatsurplusesoffoodwhich haveaccumulatedinvariousspheres overthepastfewyearshavegivenrise tothegreatscandaloffoodwhichhas beengiventousbyAlmightyGod beingallowedtorot,whilethereare familieswhodonotobtainenoughto eat.

61.Solongasthisiniquityisallowed tocontinue,itcannotbemaintained thateverypossibleeffortisbeingmade toensurethatworkingclassfamiliesare giventheFamilyWage.

62.Furthermore,thegreatproductiveresourceswhichthemodernmachineagehasgiventothenationare oftennotfullyutilisedbecauseofthe interestofmonopoliesinkeepingthe pricehighbyrestrictingproduction.

"Thenonly,"wrotePopePiusXI, "willtheeconomicandsocialorganismbesoundlyestablishedandattainitsend,whenitsecuresforall andeachthosegoodswhichthe wealthandresourcesofnature,technicalachievementandsocialorganisationofeconomicaffairscangive."

63.ThesetwofactorsoperatetopreventtheenjoymentoftheFamily Wagebyworkingclassandfarming families.Thedestructionoffoodor therestrictionofproductionintheinterestsofmonopoliesisasincryingto heavenforvengeance,andbothpracticesmustbeeliminatedinthecauseof thecommongood.

64.Itmustbeunderstoodthatthe wagesystemisonlyameans,aconvenientmeans,bywhichtheworkers areenabledtoobtaingoodswithwhicl tomaintaintheirfamilies.Itwas pointedoutbythelatePopePiusXI, inhisgreatencyclical,"Quadragesimo Anno,"thatthewagesystemwasnot initselfunjust.Butthiswasnot tosaythatitwastheonlypossiblesystem,orbyanymeansthebest.

65.Thereareotheralternativesystemsbywhichbreadwinnerscouldbe givenapropershareofthenation's wealthforthemaintenanceoftheir families,andifthewagesystem provesanobstructiveforceintheway ofsocialjustice,Christianprinciples demandthatitshouldbereplacedby someothersystemwhichismorein accordwiththenecessitiesofjustice. SYSTEMSTANDSCONDEMNED.

66.Aslongasthereisasurplusof wheatinAustraliaandinsufficient breadforlargesectionsoftheworking

population,aslongasfruitisallowed torotonthegroundwhilemanysectionsoftheAustralianpopulationhave notthepurchasingpowertoobtainit, thewagesystemstandscondemnedas anineffectivemethodofgivingtoworkers'familiesthatshareinthewealth ofthenationtowhichitsproductive resourcesentitlesthem.

67.Inthefaceofthesedefects,itis evidentthatconsiderableimprovements mustbemadeinthewagesystem,or elsesomeotherandbettermethod mustbedevisedforthewelfareofthe workers.

68.In"QuadragesimoAnno,"Pope PiusXImadeitclearthateffortsto substituteasystemwherebytheworkersweregivenashareintheprofits, thecontrol,andthemanagementofan industrywereperfectlyinlinewith Christiandoctrine.

69.Thewagesysteminitselfisnot unjust.Butifitsactualworking prcvesincompatiblewithSocialJustice,theco-operativeworkingofindustry,givingtotheworkersanadequateshareintheprofits,themanagementandthecontrolofindustry mayhavetobesubstituted. ChapterVII. THEWIDERDISTRIBUTIONOF PROPERTY.

70.TheearlierpartofthisStatement hasbeenconcernedwiththenecessity ofredistributingtheincomeofthecommunitythroughtheoperationofthe FamilyWage.Itmustnotbethought, however,thattherequirementsofChris. tiansocialprinciplesaresatisfiedifthe workersaregivenasufficientincome toprovidefortheday-to-clayneedsof theirfamilies.

71.Christianprinciplesjustasresolutelydemandthattheownership ofpropertybedisseminatedamong theworkers.TheFamilyWageis notbeingpaidinitsentiretyunless itcomprisesasumwhichallows workerstoacquireownershipofa moderateamountofproperty.

72.Thisprincipleofthedisseminationofownershipwasstronglyurged byPopePiusXIanditisnotable thatinhisdefinitionofaFamily Wageheincludedtheprovisionthat thewageshouldbesufficienttoallow theworkertoattaintoacertainmoderateownership.Thisfactor,which isdemandedbytheChristiandefinitionoftheFamilyWageandwhich isnotconsideredinthefixationof wage-standardsinAustraliaandNew Zealand,isofcardinalimportance.

SLAVERYWITHOUTPROPERTY.

73.Itisbarelyconceivablethatthe workingclassasawholecanenjoythat independencetowhichtheirrightsas humanbeingsentitlethemiftheyremainsimplywage-earnersandaredivorcedfromtheownershipofproperty. WhethertheStatebeCapitalistor Communist,theproperty-lesswageearnerisatthemercyofoutside bodiesandultimatelyoftheStateitself,dependinguponthemcompletely forhisownlivelihoodandthatofhis family.

74.Thedangersofthiscondition havenotbeensufficientlyemphasised, foritisthedeprivationofproperty, evenmorethantheinsufficiencyof wages,whichconstitutesthemajor socialinjusticevisitedonthevast massofworkersinthemodernworld. Inthissocialaspectthedevelopment oftheindustrialsystemhasbeenunreservedlybad;fortheclassofindependentownerswhowerethebackboneofmediaevalEuropeandEngland haslargelydisappeared.

UNCHRISTIANSOCIALORDER BREEDSREVOLUTION.

75.Itisimpossibletoimaginea Christiansocialorderinwhichthere willlargelyremainonlytwoclassesthefewwhopossesspropertyandthe vastmajoritywhodonot.Referring tothenecessityforallowingwageearnerstoattaintoproperty,PiusXI voicedawarningtotheworldwhich experiencehasborneoutandwhich hasnotyetbeensufficientlyregarded byGovernments:

"Unlessseriousattemptsaremade, withallenergyandwithoutdelay, toputtheseideasintopractice,let nobodypersuadehimselfthatthe peaceandthetranquillityofhuman societycanbeeffectivelydefended againsttheforcesofrevolution!"

76.Itisnottoomuchtosaythat itisjustinsofarastheinstitution ofpropertyhasvanishedfromthe working-classes,whocomprisethe vastmajorityofthemodernState, thattotalitarianideashavegained groundandtotalitariangovernments invadedtheinviolablerightsofhumanpersonality.

77.Theworker'srighttoproperty doesnotnecessarilymeanthathe shouldownaplotofland.Ownershipcanbeinland,orahouse,or shares,oranyofthosethingswhich haveastablevalueandcanbeexchangedatwillbythepossessor. Whereverpossible,however,thepropertyshouldbesuchthattheworker isabletocontrolaswellastoownit.

78.Inpractice,to-day,housingprogrammesprovideonemeansmoresimpleanddirectthanothersbywhich workerscouldbegivenownershipof acertainamountofproperty.

79.IntheBishops'Statement,which waspublishedlastyear,thefollowing importantdeclarationwasmadeand emphasised:

"Thisidea(oftheFamilyWage) presupposesthatitispossiblefor everyhouseholdtoacquireownershipofitsfamilyhomewithoutdelay.Wiselegislationonthelines u,arental-purchasesystemenables thistobedone,andenablesyoung peopletosavesomefundswitha viewtothefoundingofnewfamilies oftheirown.Legislationonthe housingquestionshouldensurethe possibilityofhomessufficiently cheap,roomyandprivatefordecent familylife."

OWNERSHIPOFFAMILYHOME.

80.Theownershipofthefamily homebythefamilyitselfisavital necessityofsocialjusticeinthepre- sentconditionofourcountries.Much hasbeendonetotackletheproblem ofslumconditionsbyhousingprogrammesbothinAustraliaandinNew Zealand.Muchofthatwhichhasbeen doneisworthyofthehighestcommendation.

81.Thereisatendency,however, inmanyoftheseplans,toprovide homeswhichworkerscanrentonly, andwhichtheycanneverown. s2.Thesehousingplans,which makeitimpossibleforthefamilyto ownitsownhome,arenotinline withChristianprinciples. Notonlyaretheycontrarytothese principles,buttheyarebreeding gravepotentialmenacestothesafetyoftheState,astheexperienceof Europeancountriesshows.

FLATS-ANABOMINATION.

83.Needlesstosay,housingplans whichwouldconsidermassesofflats assuitablehomesforworkersarean abomination,especiallyinthecountry ofthesizeofAustralia,wherethereis noneedtorestrictthelivingspaceof thefamily.Withasystemofcheap andrapidtransport,theworkersof AustraliaandNewZealandcaneasily beprovidedwithroomyandhealthy homesremovedfromtheunhealthy noisesandodorsofthefactorysuburbs.

84.Itisclear,therefore,thatasa matterofprinciplethelawshould favourownershipratherthanmere tenancyandthattheState,however greatthesacrificesrequired,should furnisheverypossiblefacilitytoenableworkerstoowntheirownhomes.

HOMESTEADFARMS.

85.Inallschemestoprovideworkers withtheirownhomestheaimshould be,asfaraspossible,toprovidethe workerswithpropertywhichwillbe productiveaswell,sothatthefamily willnotbeforcedtorelycompletely onthewagesreceivedfromindustry.

86.Specialattentionisgivenhere totheplanwhichhasbeensuggested tothepublicauthoritiesbytheNationalCatholicRuralMovement,by whichworkersinindustrywillbe giventheopportunitytoacquire theirownhomesonasmallacreage, onwhichthefamilycanproducea goodpartofitsownfoodsupply.

87.Thisplanofhomesteadfarms forindustrialworkershasalready beengivenpracticalencouragement bytheGovernmentoftheUnited States,anditisworthyofthesupportoftheGovernmentsofAustraliaandNewZealandsinceisgives totheworking-classfamilyanindependenceandasecuritywhichat themomentitdoesnotenjoy.

ChapterVIII.

ANORDEREDSOCIETY.

88.InthediscussionoftheFamily Wage,thevalueoftheoccupational organisationofindustry,onthelines suggestedbyPiusXI,wasstrongly stressed.Infact,withouttheordered self-regulationofindustry,itisdifficult toseehowthepaymentoftheFamily Wagecouldachievetheobjectivefor whichitispaid.Withoutregulation ofprices,theFamilyWagemightonlv benominal,whilethealternativeto self-governmentofindustry-theregulationofpricesbytheState-mayeasilybecometheexpressionoftotalitariantyranny.

89.Inrecentmonthsthenecessity forestablishingaspeedymeansofsettlementofindustrialdisputes,sothat productionofwarsuppliesshouldbe interruptedaslittleaspossible,hasTed totheappointmentofconciliationcommitteesinwhichemployersandemployeeshavebeenbroughtintocloser contactthaneverbefore.Thesupportwhichhasbeengiventothese bodiesbyworkersandemployersalike isworthyofgreatpraise.

90.Thenecessitiesofthewarperiod havethusbredsomethingwhichisan improvementontheconditionofanarchywhichprevailedinindustrialrelationships,temperedonlybythepartialcontroloftheArbitrationCourt andWagesBoards.Thisisatendency

whichshouldbeencouraged,asitmay bethefirststeptothatvocationalorderwhich,inthewordsofPopePius XI,shouldbe"theaimofsociallegislation."

91.Itisessentialthatthisoppor. tunityshouldbetakengraduallyto bringintoexistencethoseIndustrial Councilswhichwillbetheexpression ofaChristianvocationalorderinAustraliaandNewZealand.

DISTRIBUTIONOFFREEDOM.

92.Itistoocommonlythoughtthat thereareonlytwoalternativesocial systemsforamodernState-onebased onindividualismandclass-warfare,the otherontotalitarianism,inwhichthe Stateestablishesitsdespoticruleover allsectionsofsocietytosecureindustrialpeace.

93.Bothalternativesaredestructive ofaChristiansocialorder,andin thesedays,whennationsclaimtobe fightingforthelibertyofotherpeoples,itismostnecessarytoensure thatthelibertiesoftheAustralianpeoplearenotthemselveslostintheprocess.Itshouldberememberedthat politicallibertyislikelytoprovea delusionunlesslibertyinthesocialand economicsphereispreservedaswell.

94.ThedevelopmentofIndustrial Councilswillensurethatapropermeasureofself-governmentisgiventoindustry,whichinturnwillsecurea greatermeasureofrealindependence fortheindividualswhoareconcerned withindustry.

95.TheIndustrialCouncilsshould becomposedofrepresentativesof employersandworkers,appointedby theemployers'associationsandthe tradeunionsconcernedrespectively. Consumersshouldalsobegivenrepresentation,whiletheinterestsof theState,whichisconcernedwith theharmoniousco-operationofall sectorsofproduction,shouldalsobe safeguarded.

FUNCTIONSOFTHEINDUSTRIAL COUNCIL.

96.ThefunctionoftheIndustrial Councilwouldbethegeneralgovernmentoftheindustryoverwhichit operates.Itsworkwould,among otherthings,include:

la,Thedeterminationofwages andindustrialconditionsthroughout theindustry.

(b)Thefixingofpricesforgoods producedbytheindustry.

(c)Thefixingofdividendspayablefromyeartoyear.

(d)Planningtheamountand qualityofproductionfromyearto year,includingthesafeguardingof thestandardofgoodsproduced.

(e)Planningemployment,socialinsuranceandpensionsofworkersin theindustry.

(f)Planningthemarketingofproducts.

(g)Controlling\thenuoLlerof enterprisesoperatingintheindustry.

lh)Planningtechnicaleducation andapprenticeshipforthosewhoare toworkintheindustry.

(i)Generally,tohavecomplete control,subordinatealonetotheultimateauthorityoftheState,over thepolicyanddevelopmentofthe industryconcerned.

97.TheseIndustrialCouncilsshould operateatdifferentstagesintheorganisationofindustry.Generally, controllinganyparticularindustry thereshouldbetheNationalIndustrial Council,possessingthefunctionsdescribedabove.Belowthisthere shouldbeasubordinateRegionalCouncil,andbelowthisstilltheLocalCouncil,whichwouldcarryoutthework ofadministrationforthesectorin whichtheyareorganised. THEMIDDLEWAY.

98.Thereisobviouslyneedforthe co-ordinationandcontrolofindustry. Theanarchywhichresultsfromthe liberaldoctrineof"laissez-faire"has beenrejectedbyallsectionsofthe community.Therealdangerwhich werunto-dayisthattheStatewill controldepartmentsofthelivesof menwhichithasnorighttocontrol. Themenaceoftotalitarianismisnot confinedtothedictator-ruledcountries.

Especiallyinaperiodofwar,theinstitutionsofpoliticaldemocracyare imperilledbythysamedisease.

99.TheStateisnottheonlytemporalsocietyinwhichmenaretolive. Justasthebodyismadeofanumber oforgans,andjustasourbodilylife willnotbeafulloneifwearedepriv- edofanybodilyorgans,suchasour tongueoroureyes,sooursociallife willbestuntedifwedonothavemany othersocietiesinadditiontotheState. Eachofthesesocietiesisnecessaryto performsomespecialfunction,exactly astheeyeisrequiredtoseeforthelivingbody,orthestomachtodigestfor it.

100."Itisaninjustice,agraveevil, andadisturbanceofrightorderfor alargerandhigherorganisationto arrogatetoitselffunctionswhichcan be andperformedefficientlybysmaller lowerbodies.Thisisafundamentalprincipleofsocialphilosophy, unshakenandunchangeable,andit retainsitsfulltruthto-day.Ofits verynaturethetrueaimofallsocialactivityshouldbetohelpindividualmembersofthesocialbody,butnevertodestroyorabsorb them."(Pius

XI,"Quadragesimo Anzio.")

101.Wemusthavethesocietyknown astheFamilyforthemanandthe womanwhowishtorearchildrentogether:wemusthavetheChurch,as thesocietyinwhichmanmayprepare forthelifetocomeinthewaypre- scribedbyChrist:wemusthavelocal councilsamongthosewholiveinthe sameareaordistrict.Wemusthave theIndustrialCouncil-thatis,theoccupationalbody-forthosewhoearn theirlivinginthesamecalling.

SOCIETY'SFULLLIFE.

102.Thesefivesocieties-thefour specifiedandtheState-areasindispensableforhealthysociallifeasthe eyes,theheart,andotherorgansare forahealthybodilylife.

103.ItisthedutyoftheStateto givetothedecisionsoftheIndustrialCouncilsthesamelegalforceas itgivestothelocalandmunicipal councilswhichalreadyexist.The IndustrialCouncil,initsturn,will regulateitsactivitysoastocooperatewiththeotherIndustrial Councilstoservethecommongood ofthewholenation.Toensurethis, theIndustrialCouncilisfinallysubjecttotheauthorityoftheState.

104.Unrestrictedcompetitionhas beendiscardedbymostmodernStates intheoryandcertainlybyallofthem inpractice.Indiscardingit,many Stateshavefledtotheoppositeextremeoftotalitarianism,thesourceof mostofthesocialillsofthetwentieth century.

105.TheChristiansolutionliesinthe middleway,ofwhichtheIndustrial Councilistheexpression.

106.TheIndustrialCouncilmustnot besimplythecreatureoftheState. ThecorporationsofFascistItaly, whicharesimplyinstrumentsofthe State,werecriticisedbyPiusXIfor this,andshouldnotbethemodelof socialorganisationinourcommunities.

107.Toensurethis,theStateshould notarbitrarilysetupIndustrialCouncils,butshouldbuildcarefullyonthose bodies,likeWagesBoardsandconciliationcommittees,whicharealready inexistence.

CONCLUSION.

108.Thecrisiswhichwasforeseenby LeoXIIIandhissuccessors,and againstwhichtheywarnedstatesmen andpeoples,hascomeuponthemodern worldbecausetheirwarningsweredisregarded.

109.Thesituation,however,canstill beretrieved."Itiscontrarytothe Catholicspirittoyieldtothepessimismofcurageandtoresignourselves helplesslytothepresentconditionof society,asifitwerebeyondhope."

110.WiththewholeheartedcollaborationofallChristianmen,animatedby theseChristianprinciples,the"new order"towhichtheworldaspireswill givesecurityandprosperitytoall ranksinsociety.

TROTTING

Gloucester Park

FOURTEEN

HARVEY

MASSTIME-TABLE.

May4:Harvey,8a.m.;Yarloop,10 a.m.

May11:Waroona,8.30a.m.;Harvey, 10a.m.

May18:Yarloop,8a.m.;Harvey,10

May25:Harvey,8a.m.;Waroona, 10am.

PINJARRA

MASSTIMETABLE.

Sunday,May4:Pinjarra,8a.m.; Mandurah,10am.

Sunday,May11:Pinjarra,10a.m.

Sunday,May18:Serpentine,8.30 am.;Jarrandale,10a.m.

Sunday,May25:Dwellingup,8a.m.; Pinjarra,10am.

TOODYAYMASSTUC'iABLE.

May4:Toodyay,8a.m.;Jennacubbine,10am.

May11:Mundaring,8a.m.;Chidlow, 9.30a.m.

May17:Wongamine,8a.m.

May18:Jennacubbine,8.30a.m.; Toodyay,10a.m.

May25:BakersHill,8.30a.m.;Toodyay,10a.m.

HOLIDAYRESORTS

MASSTIMETABLE.

Albany:7.30a.m.;9.30a.m.eachSunday (Inquiries:VeryRev.T.Gilroy,The Presbytery,Albany.Tel.:Albany 129.)

Busselton:8a.m.

(Inquiries:Rev.C.Cunningham, ThePresbytery,Busselton.Tel.: Busselton107.)

Bulibury:7a.m.;9.30a.m.

(Inquiries:Rt.Rev.Monsignor Hayes,St.Patrick'sPresbytery,Bunbury.Tel.:Bunbury141.)

Cottesloe:7a.m.;10a.m.

(Inquiries:VeryRev.J.Fahey,The Presbytery,McNeill-street,Cottesloe. Tel.:F2411.)

Denmark:FirstandThirdSundaysof month,at7.30a.m.

(Inquiries:Rev.M.Holohan,The Presbytery,Denmark.Tel.:Denmark16.)

Mandurah:

(Inquiries:Rev.W.Clery,ThePresbytery,Pinjarra.Tel.:Pinjarra27.)

Rockingham:

(Inquiries:TheOblateFathers,AdelaideStreet,Fremantle.Tel.:L2268.)

Scarborough: 8.15a.m.,Sundays.

(Inquiries:Rev.FatherJ.Brennan, ThePresbytery,OsbornePark.Tel.. B4067.)

Gwelup:FirstandthirdSunolysof month,at10a.m.

ROOM33,3rd.FLOOR, GLEDDENBUILDINGS. B7455. M111111101111.10.1111M01111111.1.11111111=1111111MIHIRINI .4=1104=101M04=1101V

RacingSelections

BY"THEHAWK"

W.A.T.C.

Saturday,May3,1941. RedcliffeHandicap:Pantive,1;Gay Boy,2;EasterMoney,3. KenwickHandicap:Novasan,1; JovialJoss,2;Ultra,3. KarridaleHandicap:Replete,1; Juana,2;Tretel,3. KimberleyHandicap:Ronolive,1; Replete,2;Halveto,3. KelniscottHandicap:Orimadale,1; Fragus,2;Dragonet,3. TablelandsWelter:Mylopia,1;Muffit,2;Tretel,3.

TrottingSelections

GLOUOESTERPARK.

Saturday,May3,1941.

W.A.Breeders'Handicap:Kwobrup Belle,1;DiLammermoor,2;Desert Lady,3. KellerbeninHandicapRyeland Chief,1;ArabPrincess,2;SirRaymond,3. KununoppinHandicap:LadyCynthia,1;Casatar,2;MissSilver,3. MerredinHandicap:HagleyGlobe, 1;EugowraLady,2;Fulwil,3. MidlandHandicapWeeGlobe,1; Willo'theWisp,2;Lelalne,3. NungarinHandicap:BaronAntique, 1;Sheen,2;PrinceYamma,3. North-EasternHandicap:Queen's Gift,1;Bronette,2;Rongomai,3.

THERECORD

Social.

Averyenjoyablesocialeveningwas heldattheresidenceofMrs.Findlay, Cargill-street,onthe25th.inst.,when membersoftheChildrenofMarySodalityandfriendsgatheredtomakea presentationtoMissNancyO'Brien(a prominentmemberoftheSodality), priortoherwedding,whichwascelebratedinSt.Joachim'sChurchon Saturdaylast(26th.ult.).ThebridegroomwasMr.JohnLove,ofBelmont. Tothehappycoupleweextendour sincerewishesforahappyandprosperousfuture.

Personal.

AmongsttheCatholicfamilieswho havelefttheparishrecentlyareMr. andMrs.J.Prendivilleandfamily,who havetakenupresidenceinHighgate Hill. Wehavepleasureinextendinga heartywelcometoMr.andMrs.Reardon,whoareagainresidingat49Teague-street,afteranabsenceofsome yearsinBunbury,whereMr.Reardon heldthepositionofDistrictTraffic SuperintendentintheRailwayDepart. ment.

Asincerewelcomeisalsoextended tothefollowingnewcomerstotheparish:Mr.andMrs.McGuinness,who havetakenoveraconfectionerybusinessatthecornerofAlbany-roadand Harper-street,nexttotheBroadway Theatre;Mr.andMrs.Mulhevron,who arecarryingonthebusinesswhichwas untilrecentlyconductedbyMr.and Mrs.Beswick,at128Ascot-road;Mr. andMrs.Rohan,of2Clydesdale-street; Mr.andMrs.O'Tooleandfamily,late ofKalgoorlie,nowresidingat10Gallipoli-street.

Aspecialmeetingwillbeheldon Thursdaynight,May8,intheroomsin BactonHouse(overCorot's,nearWilliam-street).Rev.G.Husseywillbe present,andwewantallmembersto comealong.

Lastweek'smeetingwasverypleasant,andamongotherthingswediscussedplansforentertainmentsduring theyear.Anewmemberwasintroduced(MissRitaCarey),andwetake thisopportunitytowelcomeherto theclub.

HA.C.B.S.

MetropolitanSocialCouncil. Bro.13urrowespresidedoverthe meeting,anddelegatesrepresented Highgate,VictoriaPark,EastVictoria Park,Leederville,Midland,Maylands, SubiacoandSouthPerth.Ithasbeen decidedtoholdasocialonMay16,at whichtheshieldsandtrophieswon duringtheyearwillbepresented.The nextmeetingwillbeheldonMay9, andasthereisanelectionofofficers forthecomingyearalldelegatesare askedtobepresent.

DistrictBoard.

TheDistrictBoardvisitedtheHelp ofChristians'BranchonApril22,and themembersweregreetedbyasplendidmeeting.Thechaplain,Rev. FatherO'Connor,paidaverynicetributetothebranchforitsco-operation intheworkoftheparish.Satisfactoryprogresshasbeenmadeduringthe lasttwelvemonths,aswasevidenced bythereportsofthepresidentand secretary.AdelegationwillvisitSt. iJnosatchim'sBranchonMonday,12th.

St.Brigid'sBranch,WestPerth.

Meetings.

OnaccountofnextMondaybeinga publicholiday,theexecutivemeeting istobeheldonTuesday,May6,at 2.30p.m.,intheLeagueRooms.

Themonthlygeneralmeetingwill takeplaceasusualonthesecond Wednesdayofthemonth,thisbeing May14,at8p.m. RedCrossWork.

ThemonthofMayisbeingespeciallydevotedtoRedCrossworkandcollectionsforthisfund.TheLeague hasarrangedaraffleforgoodstothe valueof£5,purchasableatAhern's. Mrs.L. donorKeenanhasbeenthegenerous ofthisprize.Booksmaybe hadattheLeagueroomsorfrom membersoftheexecutive.Tickets are6d.each.

Acardpartyinaidofthefundwill beheldintheStirlingSocialRooms, cornerHayandMilligan-streets,on May22,at8p.m.Thosewishingto reservetablemaydosobyringing Mrs.Noonan(B4735)orMrs.Rigg (B8394).

CampComforts.

ChildrenofMary.

PleasenotethattheRetreatbegins onFriday,May9,at6.30a.m.

SeveralnewmemberswillbeenrolledthisSundayeveningbeforethedevotions.Anyyoungladyanxiousto jointheSodalityandtoattendtheRetreat,shouldnotifytheRev.Mother.

ThePrisePacket wascommencedonApril6.Winner offirstweek'sdrawwasK3;winnerof secondweek'sdrawwasH6;winnerof thirdweek'sdraw,R;winneroffourth week'sdraw,R.Theseweeklyprizes willbedistributedatendoftheseries ofdraws.Subscribers,pleasedonot waitforcollectorstoapproachyou eachweek,butgotocollectorsand offeryoursubscription.

HolyNameMen, remembertheCommunionandBreakfastonJune22,andtheEucharistic Processionintheafternoon.

Rev.FathersCollinsandRafferty visitedtheschoollastweek,andthe childrenwerepleasedtoseetheir formerpastorandtomaketheacquaintanceoftheDiocesanDirectorof thePontificalMissionAidSocieties. MassTimeTable.

May8:Wagin,8a.m.;ArthurRiver, 10a.m.

May11:Wagin,8a.m.(Retreat Priest);Kukerin,9a.m.;Dumbleyung,11a.m.

May16:Ravensthorpe.

May18:Wagin,8a.m.(Retreat Priest)Newdegate,9a.m.;LakeGrace, 11a.m.

S.H.H.S.OLDGIRLS'ASSOCIATION.

There-unionofthemembersofthe SacredHeartHighSchoolOldGirls' AssociationwilltakeplaceattheConventonSunday,May11,at2p.m.EntrancebytheConventgate.

WESTPERTH.

Willintendingpatronspleasetake notethattheBridgeandRummyeveningarrangedforMay9,intheNorth PerthTownHall,hasbeenpostponed toMay23.

Severalmembershavewooloutstandingforquiteaconsiderableperiod.Mrs.Ryanisanxioustoreceive thefinishedgoods,ortohavethewool returned.Membersareaskednotto takeoutmorethanatwomonths'supplyofwool.

SUBIACO

St.VincentdePaulSociety.

ThequarterlymeetingoftheSt. VincentdePaulSocietywasheldat St.Joseph'sChurchonSundayafternoonlast.Despitetheunfavourable weatherconditionstheattendancewas satisfactory.Theceremoniestookthe formofrosary,sermonandBenediction.Rev.FatherPerrott,S.J.,outlinedtheobjectsandaimsoftheSociety,andtheprivilegesobtainedby beingamember.Attheconclusion ofBenediction,membersadjournedto St.Joseph'sHall,whereameeting tookplace.

Personal.

Congratulationshavebeenextended toMr.GeoffGeeonhisadmissionto thePoliceForce.Thispopular,splendidly-proportionedyoung-manistheson ofMr.andMrs.ArthurGee,ofConnolly-street,andiscarryingonthetraditionsofthefamily,beingthefourth generationtojointheforce.

St.Kevin'sTennisClub. Arrangementshavenowbeenfinalisedinconnectionwiththeclub'sannualpicnictoYancheponLabour Day(Monday,May5).Abushas beencharteredandwillleaveSt.Joseph'sHallat9.30a.m.sharp,and travelviaCharles-street.Thefarefor thisoutingwillbe3/6each.Tennis courtswillbehiredatYanchepfor ouruse,whilstothersportingevents willalsotakeplace.Thistripisopen toallmembersoftheclubandto othersoftheW.A.C.L.T.A.whowould liketoenjoythemselvesasourguests fortheday.

Theclubexecutivewasparticularly pleasedwiththeperformancesofour ladies'teamonSaturdaylast,when theyrecordedtwoeasyvictories.

Newmembersarestillcontinuingto comealong,andthereisstillroomfor more.Anynersonsinterestedinthe clubareadvisedtogetintouchwith thehon.secretary,Mr.R.A.Morris (Tel.W1290).

MembersoftheHelpofChristians', St.Mary's,andSt.Brigid'sBranches willgatheratSt.Brigid'sHallon Wednesdaynext,7th.inst.,whenthey willholdajointsocial.EverymemberofSt.Brigid'sBranchisaskedto attendandthushelptomakethe functionasuccess.Memberswillnote thatthemeetingwillbeheldpromptlyat8o'clockonWednesday,instead ofMonday.

St.Mary'sBranch,LeGderville.

Membersarereferredtotheabove paragraphinSt.Brigid'sBranchnotes, andarerequestedtoparticipatein makingthesocialentirelysuccessful.

DeathofMrs.O.Williamson.

SisterPhilWilliamson'smotherdied on19th.ult.,tothegreatsorrowof membersgenerally.Mrs.Williamson wasverywellknowntousall,particularlyonaccountofPhil'sprominent associationwiththesociety,butalso becausesheveryfrequentlyattended oursocialfunctionsandoutings.The members'sinceresympathyisextended tothebereavedfamily.Atthefuneralmembersprovidedawellattended guardofhonour.R.I.P.

OurLadyHelp East VictoriaPark.

OnTuesday,April2,therewasa goodattendanceandmembersofthe DistrictBoardwerepresentontheir annualvisit.DeepregretwasexpressedatthebereavementinSister Williamson'sfamily,causedbytheloss oftheirmother,andweoffertothem ourverysinceresympathy.Our chaplain,Rev.Fr.O'Connor,addressedthemeetingandmentionedhow verypleasedheiswiththespititual sideofthebranch.Fournewmemberswereinitiatedduringtheevening.Averysuccessfulsocialwasheld atthePerthFireStationonThursday, April24,andjudgingbythelarge crowdpresentitisevidentthatthese eveningsareverypopular.Arrangementsarealsoinhandforother events,andifitcanbearrangedatrip toNewNorciawilltakeplaceduring May. St.Anthony'sBranch,Midland Junction.

Bro.M.O'Loughlinpresidedovera wellattendedmeetingoftheabove branchonMonday,April28.Sr.T. GriffinnominatedMr.BrianMcKenzie formembership.Memberswereremindedthattheladies'keepfitclass wouldbeheldat8p.m.onThursday night,whenMissEdwardswouldbe presentforinstruction.Rev.Father McCormackthankedthemembersfor theirworkinregardtotheblockcollection.Thebusinessofthemeeting wasconcludedat9p.m.,andtheremainderoftheeveningwasspentplayingtabletennisanddarts.

BOXING

SCHOOLBOYS'CHAMPIONSHIPS.

AttheHollywoodStadiumrecently theNationalFitnessCouncilconductedaseriesofboxingcontests,topick outthemetropolitanchampionsto meetthecountrychampionsforthe Statechampionships.Thefollowing boysfromourCatholicschoolsreached thesemi-finalsafterseveralhardcontestsandreceivedsilvercupsfortheir prowess:J.Grogan(St.Joachim's,Victoria Park),A.Elliott,M.Nallen,andP. Elliott(C.B.C.,Highgate),F.Brown, J.Hird,J.LangfordandD.Mortimer (C.B.C.,Fremantle),R.Unsworthand J.Brennan(C.B.C.,St.Patrick's).

OftheaboveBrown,HirdandLangfordwontheirfinalsandwillnowrepresentthemetropolisintheirparticulardivisionsintheStatechampionshipsattheHollywoodStadiumon May19.

TheEmpire'sJugular Vein

OILPIPELINEINSYRIA

OnahotafternooninJanuary,1936, ashortmanwithiron-greyhairanda sun-burnedface,threwtheswitchthat releasedthepent-upflowofoilwhich wasbeingpumpedtoterminionthe Mediterraneanover1,160milesthrough desertsandsfromtherichfieldsin Mosul,northernIraq,knowninhistoryasMesopotamia.

Aclusterofflag-bedeckedtankers gaudilydecoratedwithbuntingand UnionJackswaitedintheBayofAcre whilethePalestineHighCommisioner, SirArthurGrenfel1Vauchope,delivered thekeynoteaddressinwell-rounded periodsandresoundingplatitudes.

ThePortofHaifa.

SirArthur,himselfanolddistinguishedsoldier,mayhaveforeseenthat onedaythemechanisedarmiesofa conqueringnationwouldseektowrest controlofthisarteryfromtheEmpire thatbuiltit,or,asanalternative,destroyitandthusseverthejugularvein ofBritain.Thefactthatto-day,with theoutconteoftheSecondWorldWar dependenttoalargedegreeupon whetherGreatBritaincanstaveoffinvasionoftheLevant,theAxisis throwingitsforcesuponGreecewhich ismerelyastepping-stonetoIraq,PalestineandEgypt,bearsoutthetremendousimportanceofthefamous Iraqpipeline.Sixyearsagowhen SirArthurWauchopededicatedthe line,Haifacouldnotyetaccommodate asmallfleetoftankerswhichhadcome tohauloffthecrudeoilflowinginfrom Kirkuk.To-daythecityisoneofthe majornavalbasesintheEasternMediterraneanwithheavilyprotectedfacilitiesfortheexportofcrudeoil,and fortherefuellingofBritain'smostpowerfulmen.o-war.Haifaiscertaintobe thetargetofajointItalo-Germanattack,anattackfarmoredeadlythan therecentairraidswhichhavecaused casualtiesanddestroyedhousesbut whichhadnoeffectwhateveruponthe oillineoritstermini.

PutsPyramidstoShame.

Yearsofintricatenegotiations,surveyandbuildingunderthemosttrying circumstanceswentintothecompletionofthispipeline,whichiswithout doubtoneofthegreatestfeatsofengineeringintheworld.TheBritish Governmentfeltsufficientlyproudof theachievementtoexpend£25,000on theceremonieswhichmarkeditsinauguration,andto-dayfeelssufficiently concernedoveritsdefencetospend £100,000adaythereon.Throughthe oillinewhichrunsfromtheheartof Iraq,notfarfromthesupposedsiteof theGardenofEden,morethan4,003,000 tonsofoiltravelannuallytoHaifain PalestineandTripoliinSyria.For fouryearsthousandsofmentoiled undertheblazingdesertsuntobring thepipelinetocompletion.While stationedintheNearEastascorrespondentforaBritishnewssyndicate, Ihadoccasiontovisitthepumping stationsatHaditha,Fatha,andKirkuk,andmywondermentgrewevery timeIsawthem.Thepipelineputs thePyramidsofGizehtoshame.StartingintheheartoftheMiddleEastKirkukisnorthofBaghdaduptowardstheKurdishhills-thelinecrossestheinhosnitabledesert,innocent alikeofroadsandwater,and,except forthepumpingstations(presently beingpatrolledbyanti-aircraftbatteriesandfire-fighters),allisunderground.TheIraqPetroleumCompany,whichholdsaconcessionfrom theIraqGovernmentfortheexploitationof30,000squaremileseastofthe Tigris,isan'internationalorganisation"consisting-mainlyofBritish, American,FrenchandDutchinterests, buttheBritishareincontrolwhilethe

HomeofGoodShepherd Laundry.Leederville

UnderDirectionoftheSistersof theGoodShepherd. DRYCLEANINGANDART

NEEDLEWORKASPECIALTY, VESTMENTS,HANDLACE, FANCYGOODSSUPPLIED. BRIDALVEILSCANBEHAD ONHIRE.

CountryOrdersPromptly Despatched.

'Phone-B1185.

in"TheCommonweal."

lattertwocountrieshavebeen"retired' byLondon.

TheLine'sRoute.

TheSyrianDesertthroughwhichthe linehadtopassisbynomeansuniformincharacter.Inviewofthefact thattheextremesofheatandcoldexperiencedinthisdesertmadeitnecessarytoburythepipe,ameasurethat provedofincalculablevalueparticularlyduringtheArabrevoltinPalestine whenthepipelinewasattacked37 times,thenatureofthesoilbecameof paramountimportance.Thisvaried fromsheerrockwhichnecessitatedextensiveblastingtosandysoilwherethe ditchingmachinescouldoperatewith somespeed.Yet,withoutanydelay, thisvastworkofmakingatrench,of weldingtheseamlesssteellengthsof pipe,oftreatingthemwithenameland asbestostopreventcorrosionfromthe saltsinthesoil,andfinallyofburying thewholepipeoutofsightwenton withoutinterruption.And,exceptat thepumpingstationswhicharesituated alongtherouteatdistancesvarying fromsome50to130miles,thewhole 1,150milesoftubingisanunbroken length.

BytheendofAugust,1932,there werenearly5,000men,including182 EuropeansandAmericans,at,workin theSyrianDesertdiggingapathfor thepipeline.Oneofthemosturgent problemswastobringwatertothese people.Millionsofgallonswererequiredformixingthecementandother operations.Andsosquadsoflabourerswereputtoworkdiggingfor waterwithoutwhichtherecouldbeno oil.Othersweredispatchedtonearbytownswheretheyrequisitioned waterandcarrieditbydesertmotortrucktotheworkcamps.InOctoberthemaintransportsection,which some5,000,000 milesofdesertandmountaintrack,undertookthetaskof"stringingout"the 125,000tonsofpipeacrossthedesert. Theylaiditoutendtoendattherate of78milesamonth.Lighttrucksand passengercarsusedinadditiontothe heavytransportbroughtupthetotal distancecoveredinthedesertto18,000,000miles,whilethecompany'sfleetof 'planesmade2,971flights,carried 6,993passengersandcovered309,000 milesduringthework.

TestedandProved. Somuchconfidencewasplacedinthe menweldingtheironpipestogether thatnotestsweremadeuntilthewhole linewasfinished.Thenunderahigh pressuretest,onlythreeweldsfailed outofatotalof175,000.Twoofthese wereduetotheshiftingofthechanneloftheTigrisaterthelinehadbeen laid.

Powershovelsfittedouttodealwitn bouldersuptoafootindiameterdug achannelacrossthedesert3ftdeep, 26in.wide,attherateofamileaday. Butthiswaspossibleonlyforhalfthe distance.Theremainderhadtobe blastedoutofrock.Spectacular,but slow,painfulwork.Ononecelebratedoccasion,onavisitbytheEmirof Trans-Jordan,acreepingbarrageof 2,500shotswasfired,whichmadethe worksomethingofafieldday.

Intothistrench,hackedoutofdesertandmountain,waslaidthepipe line,coveredwithbitumenandenamel andwrapped,puttee-wise,inasbestosfeltpaperandburiedthreefeetdeep inthecoolofearlymorning,safefrom heatandfrostandthecuriosityof wanderingtribes,andfrommarksmen. Dayafterday,intheheatofthesun,in thechilldesertnights,inhailstormand tropicaldownpourswhicharecharacteristicoftheSyrianDesert,thework wenton.

Sixteennationalitieswererepresented amongtheexecutives,withBritishers, AmericansandFrenchmeninthemajority.Thesemencontrolledatotal of13,000locallyrecruitedArabs.

ThefirstoilleftforAripolionJuly 10,1934,andarrivedatitsdestination onJuly14.

Fromthepointofviewofimperial resources,oilisBritain'skeyrawmaterial.TheoutputofoilinTrinidad, India,BritishBorneoandCanadahas greatlyincreasedsincethefirstWorld War,whiletheimportofoilandpetroleumproductsfromtheUnitedStates andLatinAmericahasrisensharply. ButBritainknowsthelossoftheIraq pipelinewouldbefataltotheBritish Fleet'scontroloftheMediterranean andtheLevant.

werereasonablyclose.Theirnewmen fumbledbadlyandneedalotofhard coaching.

OneofClaremont'sbestwasMaurice Brid.gwood,whoplayedonthehalfforwardline,wherehedidmuchuseful feeding-in.HeisanoldboyofAquinas.

SouthsatthePorthadacomfortablevictoryoverPerth,whowereled byRoyMcGlinn,erstwhileofEast Fremantle.InthisgameNaylor,of FremantleC.B.C.,madeamostsuccessfuldebut.Playingatcentrefull forward,hekickedsixgoals,andfurtherdistinguishedhimselfwithbrilliant marking.

Westshadaslashingvictoryover EastFremantle.TheCardinalsplayedbrilliantlyafterasomewhatuncertain start,andtheirscoreof144pointsisthe biggesteverregisteredbythemagainst theSeasideBlues.

TedTysonplayedonceagainand notchedeightgoals-thebestforthe afternoon.Heisoneofthethree LeagueplayersinAustraliawhohave kickedover1,000goals,theothersbeing KenFarmer(SouthAustralia)andGordonCoventry(SouthAustralia).

FrankBrophy,aformercaptainof AquinasXVIII,andalsoprominentin cricketandrunning,madehisdebutas aLeagueumpire,inthegameatBassendean,anddidverywell.

Swansmadeasurprisinglygood showingagainstEastPerth.Atthe lastchange-overtheyweregivena goodchanceofwinning,buttheRoyal Bluesfinishedbrilliantlytosweepthe Swansasideandwinbyninet&n points.

Saturday'sGames.

EastFremantlev.SouthFremantle, atFremantle.

Perthv.WestPerth,atW.A.C.A.

Claremontv.Swans,atClaremont.

EastPerthv.Subiaco,atPerthOval.

Thebestofthesegamesshouldbe "TheDerby"atthePort.Scoresshould beclose,withtheBluesaheadatthe finish.

Onform,thegameattheW.A.C.A. shouldgoto\Vests.

ClaremontshouldregisteracomfortablewinoverSouths,whileEastPerth shouldhavelittledifficultyindefeatingSubiaco.

COULDITHAPPENNOW?

ManyyearsagoCarlton(Victoria) hadaveryweakside,andtowardsthe endoftheseasonhaddifficultyinfieldingafullteam.Duringonesuch short-handedgame,aspectatordashed ontothefielddressedinordinaryattire,with"boxer"hatcomplete,andto theconsternationoftheplayersandextremedelightofthespectatorspicked uptheballatacriticalstageofthe gameandexecutedabrilliantrun roundthewing.

Theumpirenaturallystoppedthe gameandrequestedtheinterloperto explainhisunseemlyinterference.He saidthathewaswithinhisrights,as hewasamemberoftheclubthatwas playingshort-handed.Underconditionsthenprevailinghispleawasindisputable,andhewaspermittedtocontinueonconditionthatheremovedhis hatandcoat.

GOAL-GETTERS.

IrememberwhenLeagueVice-Presidentofto-day,PatRodriquez,thena weareroftheMaroonjersey,wonthe goal-kickingcompetitionwithatally of36!Thatwasin1920,whengoals, somehow,weremuchhardertoget thanto-day.

DoyouknowthatGeorgeDoigtotalled32intwoconsecutivegames-19 versusClaremontand13v.Perth,and itisanAustralianrecord.Ken1'11, mer,SouthAustralianchampion,has28 tohiscreditintwoconsecutivegames, andBobPratt,ofVictoria,kicked27in twoconsecutivegames. Howinsignificantalongsidethese performancesappearsthatofRodriquez,36fortheseason.Yethefinish. edinfrontofabigfieldwhencompetitionforprideofplacewasjustas keenasitisto-day.

GOLF

HenryCotton,writingabouttheprofesionalgolfer,TomArmour,whowas suchabadputterthatforalongtime hewascalled"TheThree-PuttKing," saidthatalthoughArmourwouldnever admitit,hethoughtthefactthathe hadlosthislefteyeintheGreatWar hadbeenahandicaptohimonthe

SPORTINGQUIZ.

AnswerstoLastWeek's Questions.

1.HockKeys,whofoughtinthis State,iscreditedwithaworld's recordasregardslengthofring career-26years.

2.Astrikercanbeoutinanyof fourwaysoffano-ball:(a)Hittingtheballtwice;(b),handled theball;(c),runout;(d),obstructingthefield.

3.TwoWestralianhorses-ManoliveandRemarc-arecoholdersoftheAustralasianrecordfor11miles-2min.2sec.

4.Theshortestfavouriteforthe MelbourneCupisPharLap-118on-whenhewonin1930.

5.Ahockeyfieldshouldberectangularinshape-100yards long,andnotmorethan60nor lessthan55yardswide.

ThisWeek'sQuestions.

1.WhendidAustraliafirstenterateamintheDavisCup competition?

2.DidJohnL.Sullivanever fightinAustralia?

3.HowoldwasVictorTrumper whenheplayedinhisfirstTest match?

4.HowmanytimesdidLes DarcyandFritzHollandmeet inthering?

5.WhatgreatamateurAustralianhorsemanrodehisownhorse, andwontheV.R.C.GrandNa Hurdle?

puttinggreen.Armour-turnedprofes- sionalattheageof29andbecamea world-beater,eveninAmerica,when WalterHagen,amongothers,wasplayingathistop.HewontheAmerican Openin1927,andtheBritishOpenin thesameyear.HewontheCanadian Openthreetimes,aswellasmany otherimportanttournaments.

HenryCottonwritesthisofhim: "Armourhasafineswing,hittingthe ballallthewhilewithadistinctdraw. Ipractisedalongsideofhimforhours duringmyvisittoAmerica,andcopied theinside-outsystemfromhim.I havesincemodifiedmyactionalot, butfreelyadmitIlearnedalotfrom him."

CottonregardsAbeMitchellasone ofthebestspoonplayershehasever soon.Herecalledonematchthis greatplayerhad,whenhelostbytwo andonetoWalterHagenina£1,000 matchover72holes.Itwasinthis eventthatHagenkeptMatchellwaitingonthefirstteeforoverhalfanhour whenMitchellwasfourupattheend of36holes!

Aces. Theunparalleledachievementof twiceholinginoneinachampionship wasaccomplishedbyEricFiddianin thefinaloftheIrishOpenChampionshipin1933. PlayingagainstJack McLean,Fiddianholedoutinoneat the7th.inthemorning,andatthe14th. intheafternoon.However,thisunique achievementdidnotcarryhimtovictory,forhewasdefeated,3and2.

Fewwouldscornanaceinanopen championship,butinthe1928Open ChampionshipatRoyalSydneyaholein-onecameclosetoruiningthechancesofaplayernamedFredPopplewell.

Heholedoutatthethirdinthe secondround,butbecamesoexcited thathisgamefellawayverybadly beforehecalmeddown.Itisprobable thatthecoupleofstrokeshegainedby hisacewerelosttwiceoverinthe restoftheround.

AshewonthetitlebythenarrowestmarginfromRufusStewart,the acecameclosetobeingastrokeofbad luck!

"THEHEADOFTHERIVER."

'Aracingeightofperfectmould, Truetothebuilder'slaw. Thattakesthewater'sgleaminggold Withoutasingleflaw. Ashipdeep,resonantwithin Harmonioustothecore; Thatvibratestoherpolishedskin

Thetimeofwaveandoar."

ThuswroteJ.L.Cuthbertsoninhis "BarwonBallads"manyyearsago. Thereissomethingaboutaracing eightwhichismostattractiveandcompelling.Itsveryconstructionisa triumphofthecraftsman'sart.The boatsusedintheHeadoftheRiver racesareknownas"clinker-built."A

racingeightis,roughly,60feetlong,22 inchesinbeamandnineinchesin depth.Theaverageboatisconstructedofspruce,ashandcedar,mostcarefullyselected,foreverytimbermust beperfectinmakeandinseasoning. Whatistherethatlifts"TheHead oftheRiver"contestfortheHeadmasters'Cuptosecondplaceonthe schoollistofsportasregardstheoutsidepublic.SomesayitisNo.1,but personallyIrank"Inters"dayasNo,1.

Thecricketandfootballmatchesare playedtoverypoorattendances.Yet eachofthesegamesprovidesplentyof attractivefeatures,butyet,speaking broadly,wefindonlytheveryloyal followersoftheschoolpresent.Remember,too,thatthefinepointsof cricketandfootballareknownto many,comparedtothefewwhounderstandthemysteriesof"leg-drive"or "shootingtheslide,"theintricaciesof "thecatch,"orthescientificapplicationofweight.Comparativelyfewwho willwatchthe"HeadoftheRiver"on nextMonday,May5,knowa"tiller" froma"poppet."Moreover,while theycansitandwatchacricketora footballmatchfrombeginningtoend, orfollowtherunnersfromstarttofinishinafootrace,veryfewcanobtain morethanafleetingglimpseofthe crewsinthegreatrace.

The"HeadoftheRiver"eventreceivesmoreforwardpublicitythanall theotherconteststogether,butthis doesnotaccountforthegreatpopularityoftheevent.It'salloverin averyshorttime,yetallvoteit"a greatmorning."

SomedaysomeprofessorofpsychologymaybOletoexplainitall,but tillthenletushaveourdayofunexplainedandunexplainablethrill,andasthecrewssetthegoodexample--cheerwinnersandlosersalikeinthis greatsportingevent.

NextMonday'seventwillbethe43rd. contestfor"TheHeadmasters'Cup." Thefirstracewasrowedingigsin1899 overacoursefromPt.Lewistothe RoyalPerthYachtClub.Competitors intheracewereHaleSchool,St.Peter's School(Fremantle),Aquinas,and Scotch.

Itwasracedinheats,andHalewon thefinalfromSt.Peter'sbytwo lengths,thewinningcrewcomprising G.H.Passmore(str.),E.Lovegrove,A. Moseley,A.Forrest(bow),andA.A. Strickland(cox).

ThenextyearAquinaswon,Bob Joyce,wholaterbecameoneofthe State'sbestoarsmen,beingstroke.

ScotchCollege,coachedbyBilly Goland,whoisstillinchargeofScotch, wonin1901,andthefollowingyear GuildfordGrammarSchoolwasfirst overtheline.

In1903theracewasrowed,forthe firsttimeinboatsownedbytheschools, andtheseboatswerelocallybuilt.

From1903to1908ScotchCollegewas defeatedonlyonce,butin1909Aquinas tookthehonoursandestablishedthe recordtime-5min.27sec.-forfour-oar crews,andthisrecordstillstands.That reallygreatcrewcomprised:J.Child (str.),J.Savage,R.Troy,D.Dunningham,andC.Rodoreda(cox).

Aquinasretainedthecupuntil1913, whenScotchregainedit,onlytolostit thenettyeartoHaleSchool.

Aquinasthenhadthreesuccessive victories,butHale,coachedbyA.A. Strickland,whowasthecoxofthewinningcrewinthefirstrace,1899,wonin 1918and1919.Alltheschoolshad turnsofholdingtheCupupto1915. InthefollowingyearAquinasgained thefirstofsixsuccessivevictories,the longestsequenceinthehistoryofthe race. AllsixcrewswerecoachedbyMr.C. J.Wroblewski,thepresentcoach Thetitlewassecuredby Scotchin1932,lostittoHalenexttear, butregaineditin1934andmadearun

DERBY'S

MURRAYSTREET,PERTH.

PhonesB9731(threelines) B7777 B3588 B9101(twolines) REGISTEREDW.A.T.A.

ALEXRODOREDA TurfCommissionAgent 802HAYSTREET. AGENTFORW.A.CHARITIES RingB5841andB5236.

AllKeenHousewivesMEATat BONNY'S MT.HAWTHORN'SLEADING BUTCHER, PromptDeliveriesDaily. 'PhoneB4333,orcallat 414OXFORDSTREET.

offivewins.In1939Halewon,and lastyearScotchwonagreatrace,with Aquinassecond.

WhatofMonday'srace?

Allthecrewshaveshownamarked improvementinrecentweek,.Aremarkablefeatureofthisyear'sraceis themarkeddifferenceintheweightsof thecrews.Guildford,whohassixof lastyear'screwavailable,averages12st. -anall-timeheavyweightrecord.

Ontheotherhand,Aquinashasthe lightestofalltime,10st.lilb.!

Benothingdaunted,Aquir.as.In 1928,theHeadoftheRiverwaswcn byAquinaswithacrewslightlyheavierthanthisyear,anditwasgiven,by thecritics,nochanceagainstitsmuch heavierrivals.

Thecrewthatwas"Headofthe River"in1928averaged10st.211b.-a veryyoungcrew,notonehavingattainedhis17th.birthday.Thecoach onthatoccasionwasthecoachoftoday-Mr.C.J.Wroblewski.Sohere's hopingforanencore!

ThiswasthecrewJackHayton (str.),JoeAdlam,FrankPimley,and BillSlater,withDug.Doyleascox.

AttimeofwritingtheAquinascoach seemedlikelytorelyonM.Johnson, whorowedNo.7lastyear,B.Carr,who wasamemberofthe'Seconds"la.st year,andhewillprobablybestroke: 0.Magee,A.Paxton,C.O'Brien,N. Durack,A.Travers,andG.Evans.

Ofthiscrewarowingauthorityhas said:"Thelightweightcrewfr)m Aquinasisabrightcombinationwith plentyofdash.Thecoachhasgiven theboysathoroughgrounding,and theyappeartobealwayseagerfor work.Theymaintainthehighrating of40totheminuteforlongperiods, andinsprintstouch42.Theblade workisveryeven.Therehasbeena tendencytoshortenthefinishinthe middleoftheboat,butthisisbeing overcome.Thehandsgenerallyarc nowrowedrightthrough."

Thetime-tablefortheHeadofthe Riverregattaisasfollows:Second crews(fours),11a.m.;oldboys (eights),11.20a.m.;HeadoftheRiver (eights),11.40a.m. Maythebestcrewwin-and,pardon us-butmaythecoloursfirsthoisted bythejudgebeRedandBlack.

BIGFIGURES.

Hereissomethingthatwillprobably astonishvou.Aboatclub,with50 membersandone8-oaredboat,can,if timeallows,rearrangethecrewinmany differentways-tobeexact-21,646,947,168,000!

TROTTING

TherewillbeameetingatGloucesterParkonSaturday.Belowisthe programme,withasuggestedplaceinvestmentforeachrace:

Breeders'Handicap,11miles:Huon Cloud. KellerberrinHandicap,1.imiles: Percy'sSon. KununoppinHandicap,lkmiles:Casatar. MerredinHandicap,lkmiles:PleasantSurprise. MidlandHandicap,lkmiles:Globe's Love. NungarinHandicap,lkmiles:Baron Antique. North-EasternHandicap:Ruling Globe.

RACING

TheW.A.T.C.willconductatwodays'meetingatHeadquartersonSaturday,May3,andMonday,May5. See"TheHawk's"SelectionsforRe. ingandTrottingelsewhereinthisissue.

UNDEFEATED.

GrandFlaneurracedonlyninetimes andwasneverdefeated,buthedidn't continuebeyondthreeyears.Hewas riddenintheMelbourneCupof1880by thecrackjockeyoftheday,TomHales. Heappearedonlyonceasatwo-yearold,andwontheNormanbyStakesat Flemington.

ThenGrandFlaneurwoneightmore racesonendasathree-year-old.They weretheA.J.C.Derby,Mares'Produce Stakes,VictoriaDerby,MelbourneCup, V.R.C.Mares'ProduceStakes,ChampionStakes,V.R.C.St.Leger,andTown Plate. Thatisawonderfulrecord,butas GrandFlaneurdidnotraceafterthree years,therearenomeansofcomparing himwithhorsesthatremainedonthe turf,asthechampionsoflateryears did. Still-"Undefeated"-itbespeaksof greatness.

ParagraphAdvertisements.9d.perline,singlecolumn.

SchoolResultsmustbecoveredbyletterofauthorisation,andmust beTypewrittenorinBlockLetters.

CONTRACTRATESforgeneraladvertisingonapplicationtothe AdvertisingManager. TheManagementreservetherighttorefuseanyadvertisementit deemsobjectionable,andacceptsnoresponsibilityforanylosssustained fromerrorswhichmayappearinadvertisements.

AllenquiriesconcerningAdvertisementsshouldbeaddressedtothe ADVERTISINGMANAGER,"THERECORD,"450HAYSTREET,PERTH, WestAustralia.

TheGiftsoftheHolyGhost

"Whydowehearsolittleaboutthe HolyGhost?"saysaCatholic.'In myfortyyearsasaCatholic,Irecall onlyonesermonontheHolyGhost. IfHeplayssuchanimportantpartin thelifeofthesoul,ifHedwellswithin usatalltimes,asinatemple,would itnotbetoouradvantagetoknow moreaboutthisHolySpirit?"'

Itissadlytruethatacomplaintis justifiedonthepartofmanyofour Catholicsandreasonenoughfora seriesofbrieftalksontheHolyGhost andHisSevenGifts.

WhoistheHolyGhost?

TheHolyGhostistheThirdPerson oftheBlessedTrinity,reallydistinct fromtheFatherandtheSonfrom whomHeproceeds.ThoughtheHoly Spiritissosadlyneglected,solittle thoughtof,stillHeisaPersonas muchastheFatherandSon.He.is notamereabstractionorthought, neitheristheHolyGhostamereattribute,orqualityofsomethingelseas therednessofglowingiron.Whenwe makethesignoftheCrosswesay:"In theNameoftheFatherandoftheSon andoftheHolyGhost."Bythese wordsweexpressourbeliefthatthe HolyGhostisaperson,justasthe Fatherisaperson,andtheSonisa person.

WhythenisHecalledtheHoly GhostortheHolySpirit?"Loverequirestwopersons:hewholovesand hewhoisloved.Intruelovethetwo areinterchangeable.IloveandIam loved.BetweenmeandtheoneIlove thereisabond.Itisnotmylove;it isnothislove;itisourlove;themysteriousresultoftwoaffections,abond whichenchains,andanembracewhereintwoheartsleapwithbutssingle Joy. "TheFatherlovestheSon,the ImageofhisPerfection,andtheSon lovestheFather.Loveisnotonlyin theFather.Loveisnotonly;nthe Son.Thereissomethingbetween them,asitwere.TheFatherloves theSon,whomHeengenders.The SonlovestheFather,whoengendered Him.Theycontemplateeachother; loveeachother;uniteinaloveso powerful,sostrong,andsoperfectthat itformsbetweenthemalivingbond. Theygivethemselvesinalovesoinfinitethat,likethetruthwhichexpressesitselfonlyinthegivingofa wholepersonality,theirlovecanexpressitselfinnothinglessthanaPerson,WhoisLove.Loveatsucha stagedoesnotspeak;doesnotcry; doesnotexpressitselfbywords,nor bycanticles;itexpressesitselfaswe doinsomeineffablemoments,bythat whichindicatestheveryexhaustion ofourgiving;namely,asigh,ora breath-andthatiswhytheThirdPersonoftheBlessedTrinityiscalled theholySpirit(Breath)ortheHoly Ghost."

EqualtoFatherandSon.

ThoughtheHolyGhostproceeds fromtheFatherandtheSon,though Heismentionedthird-evenifHeis lessknownandheardof-stillHeis equalinallthingstotheFatherand totheSon.

WeprofessthisintheCreedwhy' wesay:"IbelieveinGodtheFather IbelieveintheHolyGhost"-in otherwords,wesay:"Ibelieveinthe Fatherwhoisall-wise,all-powerful,allholy,soalsoIbelieveintheHoly Ghost,whoisall-wise,all-powerful,allholy."TheHolyGhostis,therefore, equalinallthingsandineverythingto theFatherandtotheSon.

WhythenisHementionedinthe thirdplace?Becauseanyotherorder wouldbeinaccurate.IfHewere mentionedfirst,wewouldimplythat HeisaPersonwhogenerates,whichis saidonlyoftheFatherandtheSon IfHewerementionedsecond,we wouldimplythattheHolyGhostis begottenandthisistrueonlyofthe Son.TheHolyGhostproceedsfrom theFatherandtheSon,butfromall eternity.TheFatherandtheSonare notpriortotheHolyGhostinexistence.Inallthingsandineverything thethreeDivinePersonsareequal. TomentiontheHolyGhostinthe thirdplaceisnothingelse,then,but showingourbeliefinthedoctrinethat theHolyGhostproceedsfromthe FatherandtheSonfromalleternity.

AGift-BearingVisitor. InSacredScripturewefindtheHoly Ghostappearedvisiblyatthebaptism ofJesusintheRiverJordan."And theHolyGhostdescendedinabodily shapeasadoveuponHim:anda voicecamefromHeaven:Thouartmy. belovedSon,intheeIamwellpleased."(Luke3,22).AlsoatPentecost: "Andthereappearedtothemparted tonguesasitwereoffire,anditsat uponeveryoneofthem:andthey wereallfilledwiththeHolyGhost." (Acts2,3,4.)

Buttheinvisiblemanifestationsof theHolyGhostaremorenumerous andofdailyoccurrence.Hecomes invisiblyintooursoulsthroughtheSacramentsandthroughHisGifts.

WhataretheGiftsoftheHolyGhost?

TheGiftsoftheHolyGhostarenot thesameasvirtues.Thecomparisons usedbytheDoctorsandFathersofthe Churchwillbringthisoutmoreclearly tousthanadiscussion;thus,forexample,theFatherstellusthattopracticevirtueislikerowingaboat.To usetheGiftsoftheHolyGhost,isto sail.

Thechildwhowiththehelpofits mother,takesafewstepsforwardisa pictureofthepracticeofvirtue.The childcarriedinthearmsofitsmother isagoodpictureoftheactionofthe Gifts.

Themusicianwhostrikesthestrings oftheharptoproduceharmonious sounds,standsfortheChristianwho practisesvirtue.ButwhentheHoly GhostcomesHimselftotouchthe stringsoftheheart,thesoulisunder theinfluenceoftheGiftsoftheHoly Ghost.Ineverycaseweseethatthe GiftsoftheHolyGhostenableusto treadthepathofsanctitywithless effortandmorerapidity.

EverybodyNeedsThem.

TheGiftsoftheHolyGhost,moreover,makeusmoreprompttoperformspiritualworkswhicharenotof strictobligation,whichareonahigher planeandmoredifficult.Tkeyprompt usmoreefficaciouslytodOgood:'For whoeverareledbytheSpiritofGod, theyarethesonsofGod."(Rom.8,14.)

TheseGiftsare:Wisdom,understanding,counsel,fortitude,knowledge, piety,andfearoftheLord.Inthis, theAgeofConfusion,weshouldpray earnestlyforthesetreasureswithout price,forourselves,forthenations,and fortheChurch.-From"TheCrusader."

"PADREOFTHEROSES."

Priest-Botanist'sDeath.

SanJose,Calif.-TheRev.GeorgeM. A.Schoener,prominentbotanistknown asthe"PadreoftheRoses,"hasdied atSantaClareUniversityinfirmaryat theageof79. FatherSchoenerwasatonetimeattachedtoSt.CeciliaCathedral,Pittsburgh.LeavingPittsburgh,hewent toOregonandthereengagedinthe cultureofflowers,particularlyroses,accomplishingremarkableresultsinthe productionofnewtypesbycross-fertilisation.

FatherSchoenertookupbotanyand plantgeneticswhilestudyingartat SwissandGermanuniversitiesbefore studyingforthepriesthood.Suffering abreakdowninhealth,hecametothe UnitedStates.InOregonheserved asadministratorofanIndianmission inBrooks,andthenproducedmostof hisbotanicalwonders, Amonghisproductsarearosewhose blossomsareblack;anotherthatis eightinchesindiameter;anevergreen rosearosewithanediblefruitthesize ofasmallapple,andabigpeawithan ediblepod.

NewAltarManual andBenedictionale

OFFICIALEDITION.

AnewAltarManualandBenedictionale,compiledbythecommitteeappointedbytheFourthPlenaryCouncil ofAustraliaandNewZealand,isnow available.

Canon551oftheDecreesofthe Councilisasfollows:

"(a)Thatuniformityintheprayers saidinthevernacularmaybeestablished,theFathersdecreethata bookbepublishedcontainingtheaccurateformulasoftheseprayers. Thesealoneitwillbelawfultouse, andallothersmustbesetaside,no matterbywhatcustomintroduced.

"(b)TheyalsodecreethataBenedictionalebepublishedwhichalone istobeusedbytheclergyinliturgicalfunctions."

ThenewManualgiveseffecttothe abovedecree.HisGracetheArchbishopdesiresitsadoptionforusein allchurchesintheArchdioceseassoon aspossible. TheManualisobtainablefromE.J. Dwyer,Publisher,711George-street, Sydney.Price,6/6.

'I' i ROCKTONROADSTORES (W.H.BEVAN).W.M.1337. [ SPECIALISESINDRESSED! POULTRYANDFRESHEGGS.AlsoStocksGroceries,Vegetables, SmallGoods,etc. OurPricesArePerthPrices.

TheBushies'Corner

DearCornerites,-

Thereareveryfewamonguswho donotwelcomethemonthofMay,for thisisMary'sownmonth,whenwe payspecialhomagetoherfor31days. ShecomesfirstintheMaydevotions, theHolyRosary,andhervarious feasts,andwetoocanjoinwiththe Church,indeed,weshouldjoinwiththe Church,inhonouringherinaspecial way,withspecialprayersto1,eifor peaceamongnations.Mary'stitleas QueenofPeaceshouldinduceusto prayearnestlytoherforourcountry andforthecauseforwhichweare fighting.OurLadycameintothe worldwhenitwasmergedindarkness.Theheathennationsweresteepedinviceandpride.TheJews,too, thechosenpeopleofGod,hadcorruptedtheirwaysanddepartedfromservingGod.Everywheretherewassin andgloom,butwhenMarywasborn alightaroseamidthedarkness,the dawnofthegloriousdaythatwasto usherintheRedeemer.Allthrough theagesappealstoOurLady,asRefugeofSinners,havebroughtbackto theChurchwanderingsouls,andfidelitytodailyprayertotheMotherof Godhascomfortedmanyawearysoul atthehourofdeath.Talleyrand,the Frenchpolitician,afterasinfullifereceivedintheendthegraceofasingularlyhappydeaththroughtheinduence ofhisgrandniece.Thislittlegirlwas notedforherangelicpiety,whichgave heranextraordinarypowertodraw hissoultoGod.Toherheconfided thatinallhislife-pfbrilliantsuccess hehadneverbeenhappy,butthatall throughhislifehe-hadpreservedthe habitofrecitingthe"Hail,Holy Queen."AFrenchepigramsaidof himthat'havingcheatedtheworld inlife,hecheatedthedevilindeath. Heisthusonlyoneexamplemoreof asoulsnatchedfromthejawofhell byMary'stirelesslove.AUNTBESSY.

* * * * Yerapin.

DearAuntBessy,-WhenIreadyour letterlastweekIwassorrytoseeyou weresuchalongwayoiltheV5 youwantedbytheendofMarch,so thoughtIwouldliketojoinyour CardboardBrigadeasarawrecruit.Ii youwillhavemepleasesendmea prickcardandIwilltrytohuntdown 30penniesfortheBusbies.1hadmy eighthbirthdayonMonday,April1, andIgotsomenicepresentsanda pinkbirthdaycake.Iliveonafarm withmygrandma,andIwalkabout twomilestoschool.Iaminthird standardthisyear.Thereareonly eightchildrengoingtotheschoolnow. Uurnearestchurchis15milesawayat BruceRock.FatherLenihancomes tromMerredineveryfortnighttosay Mass.ImademyfirstConfessionand firstHolyCommuniononSeptember 7lastyear.Well,AuntBessy,Iwill unishmyletternow.Thenexttime IwriteIwilltellyouaboutmyhob5iesandhowIspendmytimeonthe term. TOMMASSAM.

DearTom,-Foralittleboyofeight youwritelovelylettersandSandy thoughtyouweregoodenoughtowin theprize.Hehasn'tdecidedyetwhat itwillbe,butheisgoingtosenditto youearlyintheweek.Watchthe mailforyourparcel.Ihopeyou willwriteagainsoonandtellmeabout yourhobbiesandthefarm,forIam surethatwillbeveryinteresting. Sandyisgoingtowatchthemailvery closely,sodon'tdisappointhim. AUNTBESSY.

DearAuntBessy,-Thepostalnote for5s.enclosedherewithisfromasmall groupofchildrenoftheCatechism class.Pleaseacceptit,withourvery bestwishes.Whenthechildrenbring thepenniestheyareputinaglasspig whichonceheldthatdelectablesweet, barleysugar.Itisquiteadignified littlepigwithaflathatfixedontop ofhisheadandthewordsaroundthe slit,"Brother,canyouspareacoin?' Quiteanappropriatequestion,too, consideringitspresentuse.Letus hopethelittlepigwillhavequitealot ofpenniesstowedawayforyourbenefitinthefuture.

PHILOMENA.

DearPhilomena,-The5s.wasavery worthyeffortfromyourlittleCatechismclass.Iwaseversopleasedto receiveit.SandyandIthinkthe littleglasspigagreatidea,andquite putstheappearanceoftheLemonade Bottleintheshade;doesn'tit?The futurepromisestoberosywithsuch astaunchlittleally.AUNTBESSY.

Queen'sPark.

DearAuntBessy,-Iwouldliketo joinyourCornerandhelptheBushies. Iamsendingsomestamps,andifyou sendmeaprickcardmybrotherJeff andsisterNellwillhelpmefillit. ThethreeofusgotoQueen'sPark

ConventSchool,andwelivequiteclose toit.WeallliketheSistersvery much.

GEORGEMITCHELL.

DearGeorge,-WelcometotheCorner.WecancertainlydowithwillinglittleboystohelpontheScheme. IreceivedthestampssafelyandIhave alsosentyoutheprickcard.Ithink youwillbeabletofilliteasilywhen youhaveJeffandNelltohelpyou.

AUNTBESSY.

* * * * Pinjarra.

DearAuntBessy,-Iamsendingls. worthofstampsandaparcelofused stampsforyourBusbies'Fund.Hoping youwillgetthe£100thisyear.

ANOLDFRIEND.

DearOldFriend,-TheIs.andthe stampscametohandingoodorder, andthankyousomuchforthem. Everylittlehelpsusnearertothebig goal. AUNTBESSY.

* * * * MidlandJunction.

DearAuntBessy,-Thisismyfirst lettertoyou.Ihavebeenlongingto beintheBusbies'Cornerforalong time.Iaminitnow.Ialwaysread yourlettersintheCorner.Father CunninghamtolduswhenIwasatthe Bushies'Schooltowritetoyou. 1 amsavingyouallmystamps.Iwill beputtingsomeinthisletter.Iam goingtoSt.Brigid'sSchool,Midland Junction.OnFridaynightIwasan aspirant.Itwasverynice.

KATH.COLLINS.

DearKath.,-Youcertainlyarein theCornernow,andIhopeyouwill writeinoften,forIlovereceivinglettersfromCornerites,particularlythose whohavebeentotheBushies'Holiday Schools.Thankyouforsavingup thestamps.Iwasverypleasedtoget them. AUNTBESSY.

DearAuntBessy,-Enclosel10%for theBushies,inhonourofSacred Heart,OurBlessedLady,andSt.Joseph.Pleasesayasmallprayerfor me.

PARISHIONER,QUEEN'SPARK.

DearParishioner,-Thankyouso muchforyourregulardonations.I havecometolookforwardtothem nowandIhopeGodwillblessyoufor yourgenerosity.OfcourseIwillsay aprayerforyouandIhopeyouwill getyourintention.

AUNTBESSY.

* * * *

DearAuntBessy,-Pleaseacceptthe enclosedinthanksgivingtotheSacredHeart. GRATEFUL.

DearGrateful,-Iamverygrateful, too,foryourgenerousenclosure.it hashelpedtheSchemesomuchthis weekandhasbroughtthe£100nearer. Thankyouverymuchforyourkind help. AUNTBESSY.

* * * *

DearAuntBessy,-Kindlyfinden closed6s.PleaseacceptthisinhonourofOurLadyofLourdes,from ALOVEROFTHESCHEME.

DearLoveroftheScheme,-The6s. helpedtheLemonadeBottlealotthis week,andIamsureifotherCorneritesfollowyourgenerousexamplethe Schemewillnotbefoundwantingat theendoftheyear.

AUNTBESSY.

COMPETITIONRESULT.

Ihavebeenverybusydecidingthe resultofthecompetitionduringthe lastweek.Strangelyenoughnoone enteredforitinthesecondgroupbetween9yearsand12years,soAunt Bessyisgoingtohaveanotherone laterintheyearforthatagegroup. TheCorneritesunderninewrotemea lotofletterswhichwereverygood, andIhavepickedoutTomMassam, whoisonlyeight,asworthyofthefirst prize.TomlivesitYerapin,via Erikin,andifyoureadhis,:tteron thispageyouwillseethatheliveson afarmandhastowalktwomilesto school.That'srathertough,isn'tit? Notrams,trainsortrolley-busesup thatway.However,Iamsendinghim anicebooktoreadinhissparetime. SANDY.

LEMONADEBOTTLE.

AcknowledgedWithThanks. s.d.

Grateful 1 00

Parishioner,Queen'sPark 100

Anonymous 60

Philomena 50

AnOldFriend 1 0

MINH

TheExtensionsfortheLoretoConvent,WebsterSt.,Nedlands,were carriedoutby

W.H.RALPH&SONS

46BRUCEST.,NEDLANDS. AllClassesBuildingUndertaken. IM ww.r.w.www,urwwrwMga.xu. P.41,441.0

SOUTHSUBURBANDAIRY SUBURBANROAD(M.U.19), SOUTHPERTH. CLEANLINESSANDQUALITY. OWNCOWS'MILK F.J.ROBERTS,Proprietor.

133ROKEBYROAD,SUBIACO (LateMcGovern's).RingW1191.

FARMERSSUPPLY

'WOODBROS. MOTORS

SpecialistsinLubrication. DealersinMotorVehiclesofall Descriptions. REPAIRSsupervisedbyLES VALMADRE,M.I.A.M.,R.A.C. AutomotiveExpert. 126AdelaideTerrace,Perth. Tel.:B1526.

"You,therefore,myeons,takecourageandbehavemanfullybythe law:forbyItyoushallbeglorious." Mach.,2,64.)

ANZACDayrecallstomymind theselinesofLaurenceBinyon, "TotheFallen,"which,ifImay bepermittedaslightalteration,I shouldliketoapplytothispresentoccasion;becausewhilsttheyexpress,in somemeasureatleast,thepurposeof ourcominghereto-day,theytoosuggestastandardofdutytowhichour personalconductandournationallife shouldconform.

Withproudthanksgiving,amotherfor herchildren, Ourlandmournsforherdeadacross thesea. Fleshofherfleshtheywere,spiritof herspirit, Falleninthecauseofthefree.

Theywentwithsongstobattle,they wereyoung, Straightoflimb,trueofeye,steady andaglow.

Theywerestaunchuntotheend againstoddsuncounted, Theyfellwiththeirfacestothefoe. Forneverbeforeinthesixand twentyyearssincefirstthenameof Anzacbecameknowntoalltheworfd havethereexistedcircumstancessuch asmarkthispresenttime,whenwe gatherinthisbeautifulCathedralto honourthememory,andtoprayfor thesouls,ofthosewhoinforeignfields havepouredforththered,sweetwine ofyouthforthefreedomandsecurity ofthisourlandanditspeople.

Themomentsofachievementandtriumphthatsorecentlyfilleduswith prideandjoy,whenthesonsofAnzac gaveanewlustretothenameand deedsoftheirfathers,havegivenplace tomomentsofdeepanxiety.Yet, howeversevereandfrequentourdisappointmentsmaybe,howeverheavily anxietiesmayweighuponus,they cannotcauseinusanyinclinationto failorfalter,whilstwehavebeforeour eyestheenduranceandsacrificeofour magnificentsoldiers,sailors,airmenand nursesacrosstheseas,aswellasthe splendidexampleofsuperbcouragein mostdifficulttimesgivenusbythose otherpeopleswithwhomwearelinked byacrimsonbondofEmpire.Rather shallwebeinspiredtoredoubleour efforts,loyallyco-operatingwithour leadersinwhatsoevertheymayexpect ofus,andtosereneconfidenceinthe ultimateissue.

Notsoverylongago,whenwewere ayoungandnotveryexperiencedpeople,England,disregardingtheprophetsofdisruption,andthecriticsof ourcapabilities,determinedtoencourageourlegitimateaspirationsbygrantingustheprivilegeofself-Government. Howthrilledwithprideandjoymust Englandbeto-daywhenshewelcomes forathirdtimetheyoungmenofAustraliawho,truetohertrustandwith gratefulhearts,havecometofurther strengthenthetiesbetweenthemand theMotherlandbystrivingandsufferingtogetherwithherinacommon cause.

But,howevermanymaybethemen Australiawillsendintothispresent greatconflict,itwouldbeveryunwise ofustolookforsuccessinwarsolely inthemultitudeofourarmies,instead ofseekingalsothe"Strengththatcornethfromheaven"(1M.,3-19.)And thatisthereasonthatIhavechosen formytextthewordsofthedying Mathathiastohissons:''You,therefore,mysons,takecourage,andbehavemanfullyinthelaw:forbyit youshallbeglorious."

Theconditionsoftheworldinthese timeshearastrikingresemblanceto theworldofMachabees.Thenasnow therearoseamightymanofwar,who wouldmakeforhimselfanameanda world-wideEmpire,enslavingthenationsoftheearth-bendingthepeoplesoftheworldtohiswill.EveryonethroughoutthisvastnewEmpire wastoabandonhisownlawandreligionforthoseofAntiochus,theIllustrious,astheycalledhim.Andthough thereweremanyinIsraelreadyto consenttotheroyaldecree,therestill weresomewhoremainedloyaltotheir holyreligionandtotheidealofnationalfreedom.Thoughtheysaw theirtempledefiledandpillaged,their altarsoverturned,theirsanctuaryand thegloryoftheirpeoplelaidwaste,

OfficialOrganoftheArchdioceseofPerth ESTABLISHED1874

WELOSTALEGIONOFANZACSTHROUGH

TheGreatBetrayal: BirthControl

SolemnRequiemMasswascelebratedintheCathedralonAnsacDay. TheMasswasattendedbytheLordMayor(Dr.Meagher)andoffi- cialrepresentativesoftheServicesandofpublicbodies,andthelarge congregationalsoincludedmanymembersoftheservices,inuni- form,aswellascivilians.ThecelebrantwasRev.FatherC.Cun- ningham,deaconRev.FatherLangmead,andsub-deaconRev.Father Cowan,O.1VLI.St.Mary'sCathedralChoirwasconductedbyRev. FatherLynch.

Preachingthepanegyric,theRev.FatherLangmeadSeniorChap- lain)said:

theslaveryanddeathoftheflowerof theirrace,theystillremainedfaithful, untilatlengthGod,inHismercy,inspiredMathathiasandhissonstoorganisearesistance.

Anarmywasformed-recruitednot fromamongstthosewhotalkedabout thedefenceoftheirLaw,butfrom amongstthosewhomanifestedazeal foritsobservance.JudasMachabees, withthewordsofhisdyingfather stillringinginhisears,wentforthconfidentlytobattle,andwithhistiny force,whichatfirstactuallytrembled atthesightofthemultitudessent againstthem,gainedvictoryuponvictory;forneverhasitbeenknownthat Godhasdesertedthosethatloveand servehimandthattrustinHim.

Oftenhasitbeensaidthatthiswar isawarindefenceofChristianityas wellasthefreedomofourrace.Certainlytherecanbenodoubtwhatever thatourveryexistenceasafreepeople,andthecontinuedpossessionof thisvastrichEmpireofours,are threatenedbyanewwarlord.Nevertheless,Ihaveneverbeenquiteable tomakeupmymindthatitisalsoa warindefenceofChristianity.True itistheChristianFaithhasmanyenemies.Greatnations,wellorganised movementshaverisenagainsther.In Spaintheytriedtocrushher-and failed.InMexico,afteryearsofeffort, theyseemnotyettohaveachieved theirend.Russia,too,wouldstamp outtheverynameofGod-andshe, too,mustfail.AndnowinGermany amodernAntiochuswouldsnatchthe youthofhiscountryawayfromChristianinfluencestoworshippaganideals atthealtarofadeifiedState.

Ah,butifthesewereheronlyenemies Stillmoreinsidiousenemies aretobefoundinourownverymidst -menwho,withalltheirtalk,haveno likingforthepersonalobservanceof thelaw,whoholdupChristianprinciplesandteachingstoridiculeand opencontempt.

Lookaboutyou:everywherewill youfindpaganidealssupplantingthe teachingsofthelowlyNazarene.Industrialstrife,too,atatimelikethis, showshowlittleChristianprinciples areappliedtoourindustrialandcommerciallife-andthefaultisbyno meansalwaystobeattributedtothe workers-whoserightsareassacredin timesofwarastheyareintimesof peace.Openyournewspapers,and learnhowtogrowfatwithriches drawnfrominferiorqualityandshort weightingoodssuppliedtooursoldiers,whilsttheyareslowlybleeding todeathinGrecianfields.There,too, youwillreadofthedivorcecourts withalltheirsordiddetailofcollusion andscandalousliving.Thesanctity ofhumanlifefromthemother'swomb tototteringoldage,theinnocenceand integrityofyouth,thehonourandpur- ityofthefuturemothersofourrace, theveryfountainsoflifeareopenly assailedanddefiledbygodlessand shamelessmen,whodonotevenhesitatetodraganobleandhonourable professiondowntothedegradinglevel ofamereagencyforimmoralpractices.

Andlastofall-greatestandblackestbetrayaloftheAnzacs-BirthControl.Welenteartothesegodlessand shamelessmen;fordidtheynotpromisethesolutionofalloursocialand economicproblemsinbirthcontrol.Insteadourproblemshaveincreased.

"Oh,ifonlywehadthemen!"How oftenhaveIheardthatinthislastfew days?Butweturnedourbackson duty,weranawayfromGod'slaw, andsohavesquanderedandallbut thrownawaythefreedomsodearly boughtforusbyAnzacswhodidnot runaway,andwhosebonesnowlie buriedonGallipoli'sshoresandin Flanders'Fields. Theywentwithsongstobattle,they wereyoung, Straightoflimb,trueofeye,steady andaglow. Theywerestaunchuntotheend againstoddsuncounted, Theyfellwiththeirfacestothefoe.

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say,thatwhilstthiswarmaywellbe awarindefenceofourveryexistence asafreepeople,thatfreedomcanonly begainedandmaintainedbyefforts thatarebaseduponareturnofsociety,nolessthanoftheindividual,to Christianprinciples,andtoarenewed zealfortheobservanceofGod'slaw.

Itmayindeedbetoolatenowtoadd tothemultitudeofourArmy-itis nevertoolatetoreturntoGod,and byasincereconversionofheartto obtainforourheroicarmiesthat strengthfromheavenagainstwhich evenpanzerdivisionswillhurlthemselvesinvain.

Asapledgeofthischangeofheart, ofthisrenewedzealfortheobservance ofChristianprinciples,Isuggestthat eachCatholiclisteningtomethis morningapproachtheSacramentsas earlyaspossible.ByasincereconfessionandaferventHolyCommunion begGod'sblessinguponourtroops. AndifinthatferventCommunionof ourswecanbutrecapturesomeof thosebeautifulsentimentsandgenerousresolutionsthatsoadornedthe morningofourfirst'holyCommunion, ah!then,surelytheprayersweshall offertoGodwillnotfailtobringdown fromheaventoourarmiesthatmuch neededstrength;willnotfailtobring totheireffortscompletevictory,and, withanearlyreturntoalastingpeace, toustheinestimablehappinessand privilegeofwelcomingbacktoour shoresfromtheirherculeantasks thoseworthysuccessorsofthefirst Anzacs-ourmagnificent soldiers, sailor.:,airmenandnurses"filledwiththegloryofachievement, Andfreshlycrownedwithneverdying fame."