The Record Newspaper 20 March 1941

3d.

NO.

EnglandReturningtoSpiritofFaith SaysCanadianBishop

Pro.roundadmirationforthespiritof theBritishpeoplewasexpressedbythe BishopinOrdinarytotheCanadian Forces,Mgr.C.L.Nelligan,inabroadcasttoCanadafromEngland.

"Itisonlyfairandjust,-saidthe Bishop,"thatIshouldrecordasmy keenestandmostprofoundimpression theadmirationthatIfeelforthespirit oftheBritishpeopleinthiscrisis throughwhichtheyarepassing.

"Bytheircourageandtheirfortitude theyarewritinganepicofheroiSm thathasfewparallelsinthehistoryof anynation.

"Iamsurethatinthecrucibleof warthesoulofEnglandisbeing purgedofallmaterialismandpaganism,andthatsheisreturning moreandmoretothatspiritof faiththatwasonceherprideand herjoy.

"Ifeelconfidentthatinthepurifying flamesofsacrifice,bornewithtrue Christianresignation,shewillcome forthfromthestruggleregenerated andrejuvenatedtocontinueherbenignroleamongthenationsofthe world.

"Myvisittothedifferentunitsof ourCanadianForces,andmycontact withthechaplains,combatantofficers, AuxiliaryServicessupervisors,and men,convincemethatthesameexcellentspiritistobefoundamongthem also, "s".3,arenodoubtthinkinglonginglyofhome,buttheyareproudand happytobetakingpartinthisstruggleforthecontinuedenjoymentofthe heritageofcivilandreligiousliberty Whichtheyprizesohighly.

"TheirpopularitywiththeEnglish people,andthemanyactsofkindness receivedattheirhands,helpthemto feelathomesofarawayfromtheir kithandkin.

"Iamsurethatitwillbringyou comfortandconsolationtolearnalso thatthespiritualinterestsofyour boysarebeingwelllookedafter,asnot onlyaretheirchaplainsdevotedand zealous,butindeedtheofficerswithout exceptionseemtoappreciatemoreand moretheimportanceofthechaplains' work,andco-operatewiththemin everywaypossibletorenderitincreasinglyeffective."-"Universe."

NOFASTFORITALIANSDURING LENT.

TheLentenfasthasbeendispensed inItalyexceptonAshWednesdayand GoodFriday.

Thedispensationdoesnotapplyto VaticanCity,statesVaticanRadio.

REDLEADER'STERRIBLE DEATH.

Accordingtoreportsinthe SpanishPress,fromChile,JirminoAlvarez,awellknown Spanish"Red"leader,oncechief ofasquadofstatueburnersdaringtheSpanishcampaign,ha' diedthere.

Hehimselfburnedthecelebratedimageof"TheCrucified Christ"inoartagena.

Itappearsthattheunfortunatemanwasstandingneara petrollorrywhenoneofthebarrelsfallingnearhimburst,envelopinghiminflames.Hedied inhospitalaftereightdaysof frightfulsuffering.

HolySeeNow GrantsPowerson

Radio

Anewdevelopmentofthewaristhe grantingofauthoritybyannouncementfromVaticanRadio.

Recentlythefollowingmessagewas broadcast:FromFatherPlacidede Meester,ProcuratorGeneral,0S.B Rome,totheRev.FatherPrior,St. Columba'sMonastery,Glenstal,Co. Limerick:TheHolySeegrantsforthe durationofthewarallpowersthatbelongtoaconventualpriorfortheadmissionofcandidatestotlisnovitiate, toprofessionandtoholyorders,as wellasfortheadministrationofthe propertyandofitsgood. 4fhemessageaddedthatFatherde MeesterwasrecencymadeaconsultoroftheSacredCongregationofPropaganda.-"Universe."

GermanBishopsWillNotSupportNaziRegime

DespitealltheeffortsoftheNazi PropagandaOffice,theGermanHierarchyhasnotyetissuedastatement supportingtheNaziregime.

Onewasconfidentlyexpectedafter theFuldameetingoftheBishopsin theautumn,butatthepersonalre questoftheHolyFatherthematters discussedwerekeptsecretandnooffi cialstatementwasissued.Allstatementsregardingwhatwassaidatthe meetingarethereforespurious.

ThefightagainsttheChurchisbeing carriedonrelentlessly,thoughsubtly. Suppressionandridiculearethemethodsbeingused,asopenantagonism justnow-whenthepeopleneedthe solaceofreligionmorethaneverwouldarousebitterfeelings.

TheGermanHierarchyiscompletelydeprivedofallmeanstocommunicatefreelywiththefaithful.NolettersfromtheBishopsarenowreadin thechurchesandtheBishopsdonot wishtoexpresstheirviewsforfear offurthersuppression.

RidiculeofClergy.

TheAnti-Christiancampaignamong theyoungconsistschieflyofridiculeof theclergy,thefaithfulandallthings religious.Youngpeoplewhoinsiston goingtochurchareconsidered"reactionary"or"backward."

TheCatholicPresshasbeencompletelysuppressedandCatholicassociationsarebanned,sothefaithfulreceiveonlythosefactswhichthegovernmentchoosetogivethem.The semblanceofreligiouslibertycanthereforebemaintained.

TheshopforBetterValue.Our PriceslowestinPerth.Anygoods senttocountrynotsatisfactorywepay

Priestswhoarenotfavouredbythe localNazileaderareremovedquietly. Nooneknowswhathappenstothem. Recentlyabout60priestshavebeen removedinthisway,anditisknown thatthereareatleast23Catholic priestsofGermannationalityinthe concentrationcamps.Noneofthem hashadalegaltrial.

Morethan500Polishpriestswererecentlyroundedupandsenttothe notoriousSachsenhausencamp,near Berlin.

IntheArmytheanti-Christiancam-

CardinalJoinsVichy Council

CardinalSuhard,ArchbishopofParis, isoneofthe188membersofthenew NationalCouncilestablishedbyMarshalPetain,saysthe"Universe." Threeotherpriestsarealsomembers.

Frenchnewspapers,says"The Times,"describethenewcouncilas"a synthesisofthespiritualandmaterial energiesofFranceandoftheEmpire." Theyalsonotethatthemembershave beenchosenfromallsectionsofthe peopleandthatamongthemaremany fathersoflargefamilies.

Thisisregardedasanindication thatMarshalPetainstillintendsto giveaprominentplaceinthenew Francetothefamilyasaunitandto largefamiliesinparticular.

215

Ourmotto

SIXTY-EIGHTHYEAR.

Canada'sCatholicsAlmost Doublein25Years

Quebec.

Canada'sCatholicpopulationhasalmostdoubledinthepast25years.

Thelatestfigure,giveninthe"AlmanacofCatholicSociallAttion,"is 4,662,238.In1915Catholicsinthe Dominionnumbered2,881,361.

TheChurchinCanadanowhas: 4,936parishes, Cardinal,60Archbishopsand Bishops, 8,899priests, 6universities, 435hospitals. CanadiansofFrenchoriginnumber 2,881,361,and97ofevery100areCatholics.

CatholicsofIrishoriginnumber 384,748,butthisonlyaccountsfor21 percent.ofCanadiansofIrishancestry.

paigngoeson.Christiantraditions aregraduallybeingstampedoutand individualpriestsandlaypeopleare nowforbiddentosendreligiousliteraturetosoldiersorofficersonduty.

VictoryPlans.

IftheGermanswinthiswar,itis generallyanticipatedthatallvestiges ofChristianitywouldberuthlessly wipedoutanda"NationalChurch" founded,entirelybasedonthepagan conceptionsof"bloodandsoil"and promulgatingteachingsdirectlyopposedtothefundamentaltenetsofChristianDoctrine.

TheChurchesarestillopeninGermany,andthemajorityofthepeople stillpractisetheirreligion,butanew generationisgrowingupinopenantagonismtoallChristiantraditionsand standardsofculture.-"Universe."

Whileexaminingaclassingrammar,theinspectorwroteasentenceon theblackboardandaskedifanyboy couldseeanythingpeculiaraboutit.

Afteralongpause,onesmallboy putuphishandslowly.

"Yes,"saidtheinspectorencouragingly,"whatdoyouseeremarkable aboutit?"

"Please,sir,thebadwriting,sir,"repliedtheyoungster.

* * * *

Afterabriefconsultationthepatient remarked:

"There'saquestionI'vealwayswantedtoaskyou,doctor."

"Whatisit?"

"Doyoueverdoctoranotherdoctor?"

"Yes;quiteoften."

"Then,tellmethis.Doesadoctor doctoradoctorthewaythedoctored doctorwantstobedoctored,ordoes thedoctordoingthedoctoringdoctor theotherdoctorhisownway?"

Atabusinesswomen'sclubthey werediscussingthelackofeducation amonggirls.One,themanageressof alaundry,lamentedthebadspellingso prevalent. receivemanyletters,"sheexplained,"andIfindtwomuch-used wordsusuallymis-spelled."

"Andwhatarethey?"askedanother.

'"Presposterous'and"exorbitant,'" repliedthemanageress.

Thenshewonderedwhattheywere laughingat. * * *

"Iwantawordofadvice,"theyoung manremarkedtohisuncle.

"Well?"saiduncletersely.

"Whatisthebestwaytoapproach youforaloan?"

"Ifyouaresensitive,"replieduncle grimly,"youhadbetterwriteforit.

Thenwhenyougetmyreplyjusttear itupwithoutreadingit."

* * * *

Afterabusydayofshopping,Mrs. Smithreturnedhomeandproudly displayedhernewhattohubby.

"Youdidn'ttellmeyouwerebuyingone,"hegrowled.'Doesn'tahusbandhaveavoiceinthebuyingof hats?"

"Oh,yes!"sherepliedbrightly."You havetheinvoice."

* *

Veryproudofhisjob,thestoresdetectivewasshowingofftoafriend.

"There.Seethatwoman!"hesaid urgently.

"Yes,whatabouther?"repliedthe friend.

"Well,shesuffersfromkleptomania," saidthedetective.

"Goodness,whydoesn'tshetake somethingforit?"

"Shewillinaminute!"saidthedetectivemeaningly."

*

Anxiousto"makefriends"again afterthesquabble,hubbylookedup fromthenovelhewasreading.

"Thisisafinebook,"hesaidbrightly."Theherohasmanymisfortunes, butmeetseveryoneofthemlikea man." ''Huh!"snortedhiswifebitterly. "Blames'emallonhiswife,Isuppose!"

Atalocalconcertforthetroops,an amateursoprano"obliged."Shesanga songintheItalianmethodthatis,she wobbledandwarbledalloverthe notes. Atthefinishtherewasashortsilence,brokenbyoneortwohand-claps, thenahuskyvoicecamefromtheback seats:

"Nowgiveusthe'AllClear,'missus!"

Verymuchattractedbyabright youngster,adearoldladysaidtohim:

"I'dgiveathousandpoundstohave alittleboylikeyouformyown."

'That'salotofmoney,isn'tit?" saidthelad.

"Yes,butIhavelotsofmoneyand Tolittleboy."

"Motherwouldn'tletyouhaveme forgood,"saidtheboy.Thenhe thoughtforaminuteandaddedbright ly:"Butyoucanholdmyhandfor sixpence."

Duringtheirrest-periodinthe"dugout,"twoA.R.P.wardenswerehaving achat.

"Youlookverychirpythismorning,"saidthefirst."Iladastrokeof lucklately?"

"Youbet!"wasthesmilingreply. "Igotafineparrotforthemissusthis morning."

"Givemetheaddress,"exclaimedthe first.Iwouldn'tmindmakinga changelikethatmyself."

WhileMrs.MacPhersonwasbending overthewashtub,rubbingandscrubbind,therecameatimidknockatthe backdoor. Angryattheinterruption,Mrs.M. flungopenthedoorandstoodwith steaminghandsonhips,eyeingasad littlepedlar.

"Didyewishtoseeme?"shedemanded. Thelittlemantookaquickstep backwards.

"Well,ifIdid,"herepliedmeekly, "I'vegotmywish,thankyou."

Itwasfather'sbirthdayandmother hadboughthimanewtie.

"Iwonderwhatwouldgobestwith it?"shecriedcoylyasshehelditup.

Fathereyedthemany-colouredhorrorandrepliedbriefly:

'IAbeard!"

* * * *

Overthecounterofthepawnshop amusicianhandedhisviolinwiththe briefcomment:

"Howmuch?"

Theproprietorexaminedtheinstrumentandthenreplied:

"Onepound."

"Onepound!"snortedthemusician."That'sridiculous!Whythe neighboursofferedmemorethan that!"

''SoRonwasthelifeoftheparty?"

"Yes;hewastheonlyonewho couldtalklouderthanthegramophone."

* *

Amanenteredarestaurantand seatedhimselfatatable."Acupof coffee,"heordered.

Amomentlater,thecoffeewasplacedbeforehim.Themanlookedatit withsatisfaction.

"Ah,"hemurmured,happily,"that looksfine."

Hepickedupthepepper-pot,and sprinkledaliberaldoseofpennerinto thecoffee.Thenhegrabbedthesalt shakerandrepeatedtheprocedure. Thenhereachedfortheketchupbottle andpouredahealthyquantityofketchupintothecoffee.

Thewaiterwatchedthecustomer, hiseyespopping.Theotherraised thecuptohislipsandtookamouthful.Hejerkedbackandputdown thecupquickly."Mygoodness!"he cried,"Thiscoffeetasteterrible!"

Thewaiterfoldedhisarmsandglaredatthecustomer."There'snothing inthatcoffeenowbutpepper,salt,and ketchup."

Theothernoddedthoughtfully "Maybeyou'reright,"heagreed."Pass themustard!" * * * *

Itwaslongaftermidnightwhenhe stoleintothebedroom,buthiswife wasstillawake.

'Whatdoyoumeanbycominghome atthishour?"shedemanded.

* * *

Followedbyalargeandhungry-lookingfamily,awomanenteredarestaurant.Awaiteradvancedandstoodby expectantly.Hermanychargesseated,thewomanpickedupthemenu cardandstudieditintently.Finally sheturnedtothetallestgirl:-

"Steak,Bertha?"sheasked.

"Please,mother,"saidBertha.

'Steak,Billy?"

"Please,mother."

Wheneveryoneofthefamilyhad falleninwiththeideaofsteak,the womanturnedtothewaiter."Fetch me,"shesaid,"anicejuicysteak-and eightplates!"

Then,seeingthatthewaiterwasregardingherinamazement,sheadded, peremptorily:"Goon;whatare,ou waitingfor?"

"Well,Iwasjtistthinkine,,"saidthe waiter,"iftheywasalltostandround theliftan'sniffhardtheymightget moreofameal!" * * * *

"Well,youknow,mydear,"hebegan,"Jonesisgettingmarriedto-morrow,andtherehasbeenapresentation attheclubandtheusuallark-"

"Yes,"shesaid,scathingly,"tosay nothingofalltheswallows!"

* * *

TheleaderoftheAuxiliaryFireServicescalledatthehouseacrossthe way.

"Pardonme,butareyouthelady whowassinging?"

"Yes,Iwassinging.Why?"

"Well,layoffthetopnotes,please. We'vehadthebloomingfireengineout twiceI"

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ZA

WasInfallibilityaChange?

B.A.C.,Strathfield:

DidtheChurchin1870takenewstock ofitself?

TheChurchmusteverbetakingnew stockofherself,eventotheextentof discoveringnewthingsaboutherself concerningwhichshewasnotsoclear before.Butnoticethatthisacquiringofnewknowledgeconcerningherselfdoesnotimplyadenialofanything,alreadyknown.

Inotherwords,wasthedefinitionof infallibilityrevisions'Initseffects?

Thatquestioncannotbecalledan alternativerenderingofyourprevious question.FortheChurchcantake newstockofherselfwithoutrepudiatingformerestimates.Treatingthis, therefore,asaseparatequestion,I replydefinitelythatthedefinitionof infallibilitywasnotrevisonalinits .affects.TheChurchdefinedin1870 thatthePopeisinfalliblewhenhe solemnlydecidesmattersoffaithor moralteaching,speakinginvirtueof hissupremeofficeandintendingtodeclareanarticleoffaithbindingupon allthefaithfulthroughouttheworld. Thatdefinitiondidawaywithnopre vios%sdefinitiontothecontrary.If someindividualCatholicsthought, priorto1870,thatthePopewasnot infallibleundertheseconditions,then they,ofcourse,hadtorevisetheir opinionsafter1870.Buttheiropinionspriorto1870didnotreflectthe officialteachingoftheChurch.

Before1870woulditbedifficulttodistinguishexOathedrapronounoamentsfromotherslessdistinguished?

No.Thatisevidentfromthefact thatfromtheearliestagestheChurch hasdefinedthetruthagainsthereticsallCatholicsacknowledgingthedefinitionsgivenbythevariousCouncils oncethePopehadauthorisedthemex Cathedrainhisofficialcapacityas headoftheChurchonearth. * *

TestofAuthority.

AccordingtoyoutheGreekChurch givesproofthatvalidordersarenot sufficient.

Undoubtedlythepossessionofvalid ordersdoesnotmaketheGreekChurch thetrueChurch.Morethanthatis wanted. YoualsosaythatthetruthoftheCatholicChurchwouldnotbeaffected bythenumberofitsadherents.

Correct.SmallastheCatholic Churchwasduringtheweekafter Pentecost,itwasjustasmuchthe trueChurchthenwithonlyacomparativehandfulofadherentsascomparedwithher400millionsto-day.

Thenwhatarethetestsofexclusive authority?

Asisclearalready,notnumbers,nor merelythepossessionofvalidorders. Exclusiveauthoritycanbepossessed onlybythatChurchwhichinherits theauthorityconferredbyChristupon theApostles.NowtheonlyChuich whichcantraceitselfbackbyunbrokendescenttotheApostlesisthe catholicChurch.

ThreePopesatOnce!

Foraconfusedterm-muchlonger thanthethenexpectancyofhuman life-theChurch,howevermuchit didowe,certainlydidnotownallegiancetoasinglePope.How, then,cananysubsequentendorsementofaparticularlineprovean unbrokendescent?

Icouldbecontentwithaskingyou simplytowhatperiodofthehistoryof theChurchyourefer.However,as thelongestperiodduringwhichthere wasconfusionastowhichofthree claimantswasthetruePope,occurred atthetimeoftheGreatWestern Schism,Iwilldealwiththatcase.AlthoughtherewerethreerivalclaimantstotheofficeofPopeatthattime, eachwithhisownfollowing,Catholics werenotsubjecttoonesinglePope. But,asamatteroflaw,theywere. Andthatmakesallthedifference.No Catholicsaidthatthereoughttobe threePopes.Alladmittedthatthere shouldbeonlyone,andthatonlyone ofthethreecouldbethelawfulPope. Therewas,then,alawfulPope,howeverconfusedpeoplemayhavebeen astowhichonewasthelawfulPope. Theofficeforwhichtheclaimants werecontendingwastheofficeofSt. Peter.Anditwastothisofficethat theauthorityofSt.Peter'wasannexed. Inthecivilorder,noonewilladmit thattheauthorityattachedtothe throneinsomegivenkingdomislost becausesomepretenderwinstheallegianceofacertainnumberofsubjects. Andwhenthepretenderdies,orrenounceshisclaim,andthesubjectsreverttoasinglekingwhomallacknowledgeaslawfulruler,noone holdsthathisauthorityisduetothe returnofthesubjectswhoweredeceived.Theauthorityallalongwas inherentinhisoffice.SotheauthorityannexedtotheofficeofthePope persistedcontinuouslyandinunbrokendescentfromSt.Peter.Subsequentendorsementofthatauthority bypartieswhohadbeenledastray didnotconferthatauthority,but merelyacknowledgeditaspossessed byoneparticularPopetotheexclusionofallpretenders.

ArchbishopGilroyandPatriotism

G.D.,Sydney:

Inarecentrecruitingspeech,ArchbishcpGilroysaid''Wemustallserve inthiswar.AllAustralians h lovetheircountrywillbecalledupon tosuffermuch."

Youknow,orshouldknow,thatthe Archbishopdidnotmakea"recruiting" speech.

Hesimplystressed,ashehasoften stressed,themoralandspiritualissues atstakeinthiswar,andpointedout theabsolutenecessityofunitedegort andsacrificetofightoxthemurderous evilwhichto-daythreatenstoengulf thecivilisedworld.

EchoesfromCommunistPapers.

Doyouthinkthattheworkingpeople ofAustralianeedinstructioninpa. triotismanddemocracyfromArchbishops,particularlythesortwho supportedtheFascistDictators, Franco,Mussolini,andHitler,intheir savagewarofaggressionagainstthe democraticSpanishpeople;from suchArchbishopswhosupportthe JapaneseFascistinvadersnowlootingandmurderinginChina?

Thatstuxhasafamiliarring.Itis thesortoffalseandmisleadingclap!rapwhichtilledthepagesofthe"Tribune"andthe"CommunistReview," andstillappearsinevenmorescurrilousforminthesheetssurreptitiously circulatedbythecowardlyReds.

WhentheSeventhWorldCongress oftheThirdInternational,heldinMoscowin193,5,inauguratedthe"United Front"tactics.Communistsalloverthe worldbegantopaylipservicetodemocracyandtoposeasardentdemo-

Becauseofthispoisonouscampaign ofconfusion,deception,defeatism,and pseudo-pacificism,itisnecessaryfor publicmenofhorpMTandprincipleto clarifythemoralandspiritualissues nowatstake,andtofosterthespirit ofpatriotismandnationalunity.

PriestsontheFieldofBattle.

InwhatwaydotheArchbishopand otherpreachersoftheGospeland supportersofthesecondimperialist warproposetodotheirshareofthe sufferingandthesacrifice?

TheArchbishopdidhisbitasa youngmaninthelastwar,andnow,as ArchbishopofSydney,heisdoingall inhispowerforthecauseofjustice andright,bydefendingthetruth,,,y insistingonGod'slawregardingthe dutiesofcitizenstotheircountry,by fosteringthespiritofunityinthe communityinthefaceofthecommon peril,andbycombatingsubversiveitfluenceswhich,iftheyhadtheirway, wouldplungeAustraliaintothebloodbathofcivilwar,andleaveitprostratebeforethefirstaggressorwho decidedtoinvadeit.

Again,thankstothe"totalwar"into whichEuropewasplungedwhenStalin treacherouslysignedhispactwithHitler,nooneisnowexemptfrom"the dangerofshotandshell."

Thehumbugaboutthe"SecondImperialistWar"maybedismissedasunworthyofcomment. Youhaveallbeenexemptedfromthe dangersofshotandshell.

Itwouldseemthatwhenyoufaced the"dangersofshotandshell"you weremostunobservant;otherwiseyou wouldhavenoticedtheCatholicpriests byyourside.

Oftheforty-nineCatholicChaplains whoservedcontinuouslywiththeA.I.F. onactiveserviceduringthelastwar, twowereawardedtheDistinguished ServiceOrder,andtwowererecommendedforitbytheircommanding officers.Onewasrecommendedfor theC.M.G.Threewerehonouredwith theOrderoftheBritishEmpire.Eight wereawardedtheMilitaryCross. Twenty-sixwerementionedindespatchesforoutstandingserviceand conspicuousbravery,andonegaineda foreigndecoration.

ThatrecordspeaksforitselfandcannotbesmirchedbythesnaresofCommunistsandotherbigots.

MoreCheapGibes.

Youhavealwaysbeenexemptedfrom theneedtoworklongandarduous hoursinfactories,workshopsand mines.

Hereyousimplyrepeatalittleinure ofthelyingandunutterablystalepropagandawhichhasbeenbellowedin unisonbythousandsofunscrupulous demagogueseverysinceMarxuttered theblasphemouslie.that"religionis theopiumofthepeople."Itistrue thatpriestsdonotworkinfactoriesor workshopsormines,exceptperhapsis NaziGermany'ortheequallydemocraticRussiaoftheSoviets.But priestsareengagedinthehighlyspecialisedworkoftheiroffice;work whichrequiresyearsofarduoustrainingandisjustastiringandastrying asanyworkinfactoriesorwork-shops ormines.Itissafetosaythatyou wouldnotlasttwenty-fourhoursatit. Youhavealwaysbeenexemptedfrom theperpetualstruggleofproviding forwivesandchildrenonthebasic wageandlessthanthebasicwage. Theextenttowhichpriestsarefreed tromptemporalcaresdependsuponthe generosityoftheCatholicpeople. Wheneverpossible,theCatholicpeopleprovideforallthematerialrequirementsoftheirpriests,inordertoleave thementirelyfreefortheexerciseof theirministry.Didtheynotdoso, peoplelikeyourselfwouldbethefirst tosneeratthemfortheirmeanness; forsuchpeopleliketohaveitboth ways.Ontheirpart,thepriestsbind themselvesbyvowofcelibacyinorder tofollowmorecloselytheMasterthey serveandinordertobeabletogive theirundividedattentiontotheir flocks.But,ofcourse,youcouldnot beexpectedtounderstandanythingso unfamiliarasthefollowingofJesus Christ.

Again,iftheChristianteachingfor whichtheprieststandshadbeenobservedinsocialandeconomiclifethe poorwouldnothavetostrugglefora bareexistenceassomanyarecompelledtodoto-day;forthoseprinciples cutattherootofthehugesocialinjusticewhichcharacterisesIndustrial Capitalism.

crats.Redpropagandistswereat painstodepictthemurderousandirresponsibledictatorshipofJosephStalinas''ademocracy."Similarly,the SpanishReds,whomtheSpanishRepublicanpatriot,Dr.GregorioMaranon,describedas"stupidmurderers andfrenziedprimitives,"wereportrayedtotheworldaschampionsof"democracy."ThisCommunistpretence enjoyedconsiderablesuccessuntilStalinmarchedintoPolandtograbthe lootthrownhimbyhisNazipartnerin crime,andimtt,sedhisownpeculiar brandof"prote,:tion"uponthesmall BalticStates.

Stalincrackedthewhipandtheservile"Comrades.'immediatelycameto heelwithacompletechangeoffront. ThehowlsforthedestructionofNazi Germanysuddenlyceased,tobereplacedbyhypocriticalappealsfora peaceofNazi-Sovietinspiration.The warchangedovernightfroma"fight fordemocracy'againstthetyrannyof the"fascistbutchers"intothe"Second ImperialistWar."Andthedumb slavesoftheKremlin,menwithout honourorpatriotism,orprincipleor commondecency,havesincebeenabusingtheprivilegesofdemocracyinan organisedefforttounderminethenationfromwithinbyatreacherouscampaignofrevolutionarydefeatism. Itshouldbeobviouseventosuchas youthatthepeoplewhoaresupportingtheNazisandsimilarbarbarians arepreciselytheCommunists;inRue sia,byprovidingHitlerwiththeraw materialsheneeds:inAlliedcountries bysabotage,defeatism,andrevolutionaryintrigue:inChinabytreacherous revolt.

InthepresentWar,Catholicpriests arepresentwiththeIA.I.F.onactive serviceabroadinthefullnumberpermittedbytheMilitary"Establish. ment."Ifmorewerepermittedto go,scoresofCatholicpriestswouldvoluntarilycomeforwardtotaketheir placeswiththemenonthefieldof battle;eventhoughbigotsremaincomfortablyathometothrowmudat them,andtreacherousCommunistsprepareforthefirstopportunitytostab themintheback-or,perhaps,to hangtheirmutilatedbodiesinthewindowsofbutchers'shopsastheydidin Spain.

SofarIhavespokenonlyofAustralia.Butitisthesameinothercountries.InFrance,forinstance,hundredsofCatholicpriestssacrificedtheir livesinthedefenceofFranceduring thelastWar.Thesamethinghappenedinthepresentconflict.Many werekilled.Manymoreweremade prisoners,andarenowsharingthe hardshipsofNaziprisoncampswith theirmen.Theywerenotinapositiontooffereffectiveresistancetothe Nazis;forCommunisticsabotagehad deprivedthemoftanksandaeroplanes andhadloadedtheirammunitionwith sandinsteadofpowder.

Ifyouhadashredofdecencyinyou, youwouldblushforshamebothatthe recordofCommunisttreacheryandat theinsultyouhaveofferedtobrave menwhodid,andaredoing,theirduty toGodandcountry.

MarriageOutsidetheChurchAreMarriagesMadeinHeaven?

"Convert,''Cooroy,Queensland. Insomerecentrepliesconcerningmarriageanddivorce,youexplainedthat marriageinaRegistryOfficewasnot consideredaChristianmarriage.

Incommentingonthefirstmarriage ofLorettaYoung,Isaidthatithad takenplaceinaRegistryOfficeand was,therefore,notrecognisedasvalid bytheCatholicChurch.

AccordingtothelawoftheChurch, CatholicscannotcontractavalidmarriageexceptintheCatholicChurch. Hence,ifanyCatholicgoesthrough themarriageceremonyinaProtestant ChurchoraRegistryOffice,the Churchrefusestorecognisesucha marriageasvalidintheeyesofGod.

Thatisthelawwhichisbinding uponallCatholics.

Iwouldliketoknowtheviewsofthe ChurchregardingmarriagecontractedinaProtestantChurchby Protestants.

Providedthereisnoinvalidating.im. pedimentarisingfromDivineLawitselfas,forexample,theexistenceofa previousmarriagebond,theCatholic ChurchrecognisesthemarriagesofnonCatholicsamongstthemselvesasvalid intheeyesofGodandbindinguntil death.Wheresuchmarriagestake placematterslittle.

CanTheyMarryAgain?

CouldaProtestant,marriedinthe ProtestantChurchandlaterdivorced,marryaCatholicintheCatholic Church?

Theanswertothatquestionshould beclearfromwhathasalreadybeen said:TheChurchrecognisesthemarriageoftwonon-Catholicsasvalid,

providedthereispresentnoinvalidatingimpedimentarisingfromDivine Law.TheChurchteachesmoreover, thatwhentwobaptisedProtestants contractavalidmarriage,thesaid marriageistrulyaSacramentofthe NewLaw;oneoftheseveninstituted byOurLordJesusChrist.

Ontheotherhand,theChurchdoes notrecognisetherightorpowerofthe CivilAuthoritytodissolvethebond ofmarriage. Assuming,then,thatthefirstmarriageoftwoProtestantswasvalidaccordingtoDivineLaw,theChurch wouldregardthemarriagebondas stillexistingintheeyesofGod,even afteracivildivorcehadbeenobtained.Forthisreasonshewouldnot recogniseanynewmarriageasvalid beforeGod,whilebothpartiestothe firstmarriageremainedalive. Iunderstandthattwopersonsmarried intheCatholicChurchcannotobtain adivorceandre-marry.

TheCatholicChurchteachesthat marriagewhichisvalid,sacramental andconsummatedcannotbedissolved byanyearthlypower,andthatthe bondenduresuntilthedeathofone oftheparties.Thatappliestothe marriagesofProtestantsamongst themselvesaswellastothemarriages ofCatholics.

Ihopetheforegoinganswersmake cleartoyoutheattitudeoftheChurch tothemarriagesofProtestants.But itisdifficulttoexplainthewhole teachingandlegislationoftheChurch onthesubjectofmarriageinafew briefreplies.Pleasesendmeyour nameandaddress,andIshallpostyou someliteratureexplainingthematter ingreaterdetail.

J.NEILSON,Optician

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"Lonely,"Sydney: Willyoupleaseanswerthefollowing questionsinyourRadioSession? Ishalldosowithpleasure. Isittruethatmarriagesaremadein Heaven?

Thatquestionisnotassimpleasit looks.Buttheanswertoitmaybe simplifiedbycallingtomindafew basictruthswhichweknowbothfrom reasonandfromDivineRevelation:

(11FrometernityGodknowsaccurately,inminutedetailandwithabsolutecertainty,everythingthatoccurs fromthebeginningoftimetotheend.

(2)Allcreatures,livingandnonliving,rationalandirrational,areabsolutelysubjecttotheProvidenceand GovernmentofGod,sothatsimply nothingcanoccurwithouttheappro. valor,atleast,thepermissionofGod.

(3)God'sProvidenceextendsina specialwaytorationalcreaturesbecauseoftheirintrinsicdignityand worthandtheirhighdestiny.Itembraceseachindividualandthehuman raceasawhole.ThosewhoarechosenbyGodtoplayaspecialpartasinstrumentsofHisbenefitstothehuman raceas,forexample,theApostles,are againtheobjectofahigherProvidencethanisgiventothemajorityof men.

14)Godgovernsanddirectsmanin awaywhichisinperfectconformity withthenatureofman,anddoesnot interferewiththegiftoffreewill.

Letusnowapplytheseprinciplesto thequestionofmarriageor,rather,individualmarriages.

Godknowsfrometernityeverymarriagewhichtakesplaceintimefrom thebeginningofthehumanraceto theend.Nomarriagecouldpossibly takeplacewithoutatleastthepermissionofGod.

Marriageswhicharecontractedwith arightintentionandinaccordance withtheLawofGod,madeknownto usbyreasonandRevelation,arefrom eternityknownandapprovedand blessedbyGod.inthissenseitmay besaidthatmarriagesaremadein heaven.

Marriageswhicharecontractedin violationofGod'sLaw,whethernaturalorrevealed,arefrometernity knownbyGodandpermittedbeHim. GodpermitssuchmarriagesasHepermitsotherformsofmoralevil:simply

astheoccasionofagreatergood.What thatgoodiswefrequentlydonot know,butitiscertainongeneralprinciplesthatGodcouldnotpermitmoral evilforanyotherreason.Suchmarriages,then,aretoleratedbyGod,who willusethemastheoccasionofsome greatergood,buttheyarenotapprovedbyHim.

Nomarriage,goodorbad,happyor unhappy,isdeterminedbyfatalistic necessity,forDivineProvidencehere aselsewhereleaveshumanfreedom intact.

MixedMarriages.

CouldGodeverbepleasedwiththe marriageofaCatholicwithanonCatholic?

TheattitudeofGodtomixedmarriagescanbeknownwithcertainty fromtheteachingandlawofthe ChurchfoundedbyHisIncarnateSon, JesusChrist.Now,theattitudeof theChurchtomixedmarriagesisone oftoleration,notofapproval:for suchmarriagesalltoooftenendin failure,andconstituteafruitfulsource ofreligiousindifferenceandlossof Faith.

ThelawoftheChurchenvisagesthe generalityofcases,andiscalculatedto safeguardtheFaithoftheCatholic partyandthespiritualgoodofthe Catholiccommunityasawhole.

Inthoserarecases,however,in whichthepromisesmadebeforeamixedmarriagetakeseffect,itmaybe saidthatGodispleasedwiththemarriage,andapprovesandblessesit(It isasumed,ofcourse,thathusbandand wifefulfiltheotherdutiesofthemarriedstateinaccordancewiththelaw ofGod.)

CouldGodeverintendsuchamarriage?

Undertheconditionsjustexplained, yes:otherwise,no.By'intend"I understandyoutomean"approve." Ashasbeenalreadyexplained,nomarriage,mixedorotherwise,couldtake placewithoutatleastthepermission ofGod.Godapprovesandblesses and,inthissense,intendsthosemarriageswhicharecontractedwitha rightintentionandinwhichallthe conditionslaiddownbyHislaware fulfilled.OthermarriagesHetoleratesandpermitsastheoccasionof somegreatergood.

ItalyandAbyssinia

"CatholicPostman,"Redfern,/43.W.: Wouldyoupleaseanswerthefollowing questions?

Ishalldoso;thoughtheydonot deserveananswerbecauseoftheirobviousmaliceandbadfaith. IsagoodCatholicjustifiedinbelieving reportsthattheAbyssinianshave takenadvantageofthewarsituation toattacktheItalians?

One'sCatholicity,goodorbad,has nothingwhatevertodowiththequestion.Itissimplyamatterofcommon sense,anddependsontheevidence available.Ifthereissufficientevidencetoshowthatthesaidreportsare true,everybodyoutsidealunaticasylumwouldbejustifiedinbelieving them.IfyouwerereallyaCatholic, or,indeed,non-Catholicofordinary educationandcommonsense,you wouldhaverealisedthatfromtheoutset-andwouldnothaveaskedsucha sillyquestion.

AstheItalianFascistsandtheCatholic ChurchhavebeensokindandgeneroustotheAbyssinians,sparing neithermustardnorbulletsintheir anxietytoChristianisetheircoloured brothers,isitnotverynaughtyof thelattertofallupontheirbenefactorsatthefirstopportunity?

war-becauseoftheslave-tradingand otherevilswhichwerepractisedin Abyssinia.Whetherornottheir causeinAbyssiniawasjustisdebatable,buttherecanbenodoubtthat theythoughtitjust.Howeverthat maybe,yourignoranceandprejudicearesuchthatyoucouldnotbeexpect- edtounderstandthattheItalianshad acaseintheiAbyssinianaffair;orthoughttheyhadacase.

Finally,ifyouknewanythingabout Catholicmoralteaching,youwould knowthat,providedtheAbyssinians arepreparedtoliveaccordingtocivilisedstandards,theywouldhavea righttotheirfreedomandwouldbe morallyjustifiedintakingthefirstop- portunityofrepellingtheinvader.

*

ThePopeandtheAbyssinianWar.

OrareallgoodCatholicsoutsideItaly andGermanynowrequiredtoforget thatthePopeandthatotherangelof mercy,Mussolini,workedhandin handfortheconquestofAbyssinia?

LoretoConvent"Osborne"-Claremont BOARDINGANDDAYCOLLEGE. TheSchoolprovidesasoundeducationonmodernlinesinallbranches ofstudy.'thepupilsarepreparedforofexaminations.TheSchoolis beautifullysituatedbetweenOceanandRiver,inextensivegrounds, withfineplayingfieldsandprivateSwimmingP.iolinRiver. Telephone:F2I35. Apply-

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Itisobviousthatyouarenotseekinginformationorthesolutionofa diffiiculty.Intheformofrhetorical question,youindulgeinalittleignorantsneeringattheCatholicChurch.I say"ignorant"sneeringbecause,inthe firstplace,youareapparentlynotsufficientlyeducatedtoknowtheenormousdifferencebetweentheCatholic ChurchandtheItalianPoliticalPower.

Secondly,hadyoutakenyourinformationfromanyothersourceexcept staleandforgottenCommunistpropagandasheets,youwouldhaveknown thattheconquestofAbyssiniawasnot theworkoftheCatholicChurch,and thatitspurposewasnottobring Christianitytothenatives.Itwasa politicalconquestanddoubtlesspart ofMussolini'sdreamofempire.

ItistruethattheItalianpeople thoughttheyhadajustcaseinthe AbyssinianWar-aconvictionwhichis conspicuouslylackinginthepresent

Thatissimplyanothercheapgibe bornofignoranceandmalice.The Popedidnotworkhandinhandwith MussolinifortheconquestofAbyssinia. Hehadnothingtodowithit.Itis difficulttounderstandhowCatholics couldbeaskedtoforgetsomething whichnevertookplace.Tomake wildchargeswithouthavingfirstascertainedwhethertheyhaveanybasis infactissimplythebadgeofthefool.

Youcallyourselfa"CatholicPostman,"butIseriouslydoubtwhether youareaCatholic.Ifyouare,itis innameonlyandnotinreality,foryou knownothingabouttheCatholicreligionanditsimplications.Youmay beapostman,butifyouhadanyrespectforthefeelingofotheremployees intheServiceyouwouldhavehushed thatup.

Isittoomuchtoaskthatyou shouldlearnsomethingoftheCatholic religionanditsroleintheworldtodayfromreliableandauthenticsources?Alittleknowledgeofthetruth wouldhavepreventedyoufromwritingsooffensiveandfoolishaletter.

FromJerusalemtoJericho andtheDeadSea

(Specialto"TheRecord,"byCORPORAL

LEAVINGtheCityofJerusalemat about1.30intheafternoon,we setoutfortheDeadSea.As Jerusalemisabout2,600feetabovesea level,andtheDeadSeais1,300feet below,youcanseethatwehadquitea descenttomake.

PassingtheChurchoftheAgonyin theGardenofGethsemane,weclimbed asmalleminenceoutoftheValleyof Josephat,wherewewillallmeetonthe dayofGeneralJudgment.Pausingfor awhileonthecrestofthisrise,we lookedbackattheOldCity,andsaw thegreatoldwallsthatencircleit.This wallisoneofseveralthatentirelysurroundedJerusalemofitsday,but whethertheexactpathoftheprevious onewasfollowedisamootpoint.

Fromthispointtwoofthemany gatesoftheCitycouldbeseen,namely, thatGoldenGatethroughwhichOur LordwasledfromtheGardenofGethsemaneafterHehadbeenbetrayedby theApostleJudas,andwhichisnow walleduptoawaitthecomingofthe MessiahtotheMoslems;andtheGate oftheLions,or,asweknowit,the GateofSt.Stephen,throughwhich thatsaintwasledtohisstoning.Even to-da./ythenumberofstonesofconvenientthrowingsizelyingthereisinnumerable.Lookingfurthertothe left,wecouldseethefineChurchof theDormition,oneofthefinestchurchesthatIhaveeverseen.

Continuingourjourney,wefollowed theValleyofKedronalmostthewhole oftheremainderoftheway.Some ofthedescentsaretrulybreathtaking intheirsteepfall,withprecipitous dropsawaitingtheunwarydriver.This roadfollowsforthegreaterportionof thewaytheoldGermanroad,although inmanyplacesthegradehasbeenfollowedthroughbetterpasses.Hose vehiclesmanagedtomaintaintheuprightpositionontheoldroadisamatterofwondertome,asthedescents inplacesarepracticallysheer.One thingthatstruckmeratherforcibly wasthebeatentrackwhichwinds throughthecountry,overhillsand downvalleys,beingthenaturalroadof donkeyriders.

"GoingDown."

HowrealbecometheseeminglypassingstatementsintheBibleHistory storieswhenonevisitsthecountryin whichthathistorywasmade!"Aman wentdownfromJerusalemtoJericho, andfellamongthieveswhorobbed himandstrippedhim,leavinghimfor dead."Thatintroduction,thefact thathewasn'tgoingup,wasnotacontradictorystatementsimilartoones suchaswearewonttohear:heactuallywentdown,asyoucanrealiseby refeii:ringtomyopeningparagraph.

Thefallingamongthievescanvery easilybeconceived,asthewayisjust assuitableahide-outforthievesand cut-throatsasyoucouldimagine.The pathwayswerenarrowanddark,with plentyofcoverforthugsandtheirilk.

Fewwouldcaretomakethejourney aloneevento-day,followingtheold track.

Pausingtolookback,wewererewardedbyanexcellentviewofMount Olivet,whichdominatesthesurroundingcountryside,havingasacontinuationMountScopus,whereTitusestablishedhiscampwhenhebesiegedJerusalem.There,also,isoneoftheWar CemeteriesadministeredbytheImperialWarGraves'Commission,andisa credittotheirlabours.Passingfurtheron,wepassedtheHebrewUniversity,whichwasopenedin1925.

TheMountofOlivesrisestoaheight ofabout2,500feetabovesealevel,and formsthreedistinctheights,thecentreoneofwhichisregardedastheone whir'-Christascended.To-daywe seeachapelinthecentreofacourt, constructedbytheCrusaderstomark thesiteoftheAscension.Thetemple erectedbytheEmpressHelenawasdestroyedbythePersiansintheearly partoftheseventhcentury.Besides thesmallCrusaderChapeltherewe alsofindaCarmelitemonastery,badly damagedbytheearthquakeof1927, andthefoundationofthefuturebasilicaoftheSacredHeart.

Continuingonourway,wepassed throughthevillageofBethany,the townwherelivedLazarus,andhistwo sisters.Downaflightofabouttwenty stepsisthetombofLazarus.The presentvillageofBethanyisalmoston thesamesiteastheancienttown, ruinsofwhicharestillvisible.Everywherethebuildingsareconstructedof goodstonewhichweathersverywell, whilethereisaneverendingsource

ofsupplyreadytohand.WhenIsee theArabwomentoilinginthefieldsremovingstonesfromtheploughedland, thescantreturnforsomuchhardlabourseemspitiful.

iAbouttenmilesorsofromBethany istheSamaritan'sInn,thesiteofthe oldinntowhichtheGoodSamaritan carriedthewoundedtraveller.

Whenwethinkofaninnnowadays, weareapttoregarditassomething similartothecountryhotel.Nothing isfurtherfromthetruth.Actually,an inn,orcaravanserai,wasahalting placefortravellerswhocouldstable theircamelsorotherbeastsofburden withoutthedangeroflosingthemfrom thedepredationsoftheanimalsofprey. Inshape,itwasgenerallyfour-square, enclosedbyawallpermittingofingress andegressbyagatewhichwasalways lockedafterdark.Liningthewallson theinsidewerenumerousminiature stables,opentowhoeverfirsthunghis animals'harnessbeforethedoorway. There,also,heunrolledhisrugs,and laydowntosleep,contenttoknow thathisanimalsweresafeforthenight.

(IntheheartoftheOldCityofJerusalemisaninnsimilarinallrespectsto thoseofthenightofthefirstChristmasEve).TheInnoftheGoodSamaritanto-dayisjustaruin,usedby afewArabsasashop.Ruinedby bombardmentduringtheGreatWar,it hasneverbeenrebuilt.Whetherthe Arabsgaveuphopeofreconstruction ofthebuildingssoruinedIdonot know,butIdoknowthatinveiymany townsandvillagesthenumberofruinedbuildingsistrulyamazing. Jericho.

Atacorneroftheroadisatomb veneratedbytheArabsastheburial placeofMoses,towhichthousands everyyearmakeapilgrimage.The roadcontinuesonitsprecipitousway throughtheValleyofKedronemergingatlastontheplainoftheDead Sea,averyflatstretchoflandwhere theweightoftheworldappearsto hangontheshouldersofallvisitors.

PriortovisitingtheDeadSea,we turnedasidetoseeJericho,thesite oftheancientcitytakenfrnntthe CanaanitesbyJoshua.Thesiteof thisancientcityisrathernorthofthe presenttown,andexcavationsarebeingcarriedoutthere.

ToweringaboveJerichoistheMount ofTemptation,whereOurLordwas carriedbySatan,whothricetempted Him.

Builtintothesideofthismountain isaGreekmonastery,atfirstsight thoughttobeinaccessible.However, bydintofarduousclimbing,itcanbe reachedafteraboutanhour'slabour.

Theexternalportionisbuiltoftheprevailingtypeofstone,excellentlydesignedandconstructed,butthemonasteryproperconsistsofanumberof largecavesstretchingfarintothe mountainitself.

NearbyistheSpringofElias,which suppliesthefreshwaterfortheentire plain.Accordingtotradition,when Eliasfledtothevicinity,hewasapproachedbytheresidents,whopleadedwithhimtoprovidethemwithfresh water,astheywereobligedtotransportallfreshwaterrequiredfromfar distantsprings.Theytookhimto thesaltspringnearby,intowhichhe tossedsomesalt.Fromthatmoment thewaterbecamesweet,andhassoremained.Strangetorelate,theflow ofwaterisnotgreat,butissufficient toirrigatetheentireplain.Irrigation ditchescriss-crosstheplain,supplying thelife-givingwatertotheorangeand bananagrovesfromwhichtheresidentsobtaintheirlivelihood.Regu latedbylocallaw,theflowissufficient forall.

Accordingtomarketreports,the Jaffaorangecommandsthebestmarket,butforsweetnessandtaste,give metheJerichoorange.Smallerthan theJaffaproduct,theJerichoorange commands,locallyatallevents,ahigherpricethantheother.Orangesand bananasthrivesidebyside.Wewere fortunateenoughtoseeatroopofMoslemArabsreturningtotheirhomesin Trans-Jordania,havingcompletedthe pilgrimagetoMecca.Theircarsaere gailydecorated,andtherewasavast concourseofMoslemsawaitingthem ontheothersideofthatmuddy stream,theRiverJordan. ItwasatJerichothatZaccheus climbedintoasycamoretreeinorder thathemightlookovertheheadsof thosetallerthanhewastoseeJesus. Stillmaybeseenafewsycamoresin Jericho.

ThetownofJericho,withtheMountainofTemptation, whereJesusfastedfortydays.

DeadSea.

Returningoverportionofourway, wereachedtheDeadSea.Itisquite apparentthatatsomeperiodthe greaterportionoftheplainoftheSea wasunderwater,asthesoftrocksare certainlysedimentary,andarecoveredwithnumerousfilmsofsalt.Here andtheregrowtreesfromwhichthe DeadSeafruitisobtained.Exceedinglytemptingincolourandsize,this fruitcrumblesatatouchandtheshell onlyisfound.

Theseaitselfisabout46mileslong and9or10mileswideatitswidest part,andourSaltLakesatRottnest aresweetincomparison.

Tothetasteitisexceedinglybitter, andtheabsenceoflivingfishtherei3 nottobewonderedat.Beingmore thanonequartersolidsubstance,the waterisveryrichinminerals,anda flourishingfactoryhasbeenerectedfor extractingthepotassiumchlorideand magnesiumbromidefromit.The workersdonotremaintherecdtitinually,astheheatisoppressive,butwork weekandweekaboutthereandin Jerusalem.

SincetheDeadSeaisconsideredto behalfinPalestineandhalfinTransje,rdinia,itisacompulsoryclauseof thecontractthatArabsfromTransjordiniashallreceiveemploymentwith theJewsfromPalestine.Hugeevaporationpanshavebeenmadeinthe clay,andthewaterisrunoffintothem

forevaporation.Havingnooutlet,it wouldappearthatthelevelofthesea wouldbeconstantlybeingraised.That isnotthecase,however,asthelossby evaporationissogreatthatatsome futuredatetheremaybenoDeadSea. Allthewaterbroughttherebythe RiverJordancannotalterthisfact.In theArablanguage,thisseaisknownas I3ahrLout,theSeaofLot,andissituatedbetweenthetwochainsofmountains,thebeautifulmountainsofMoab totheeast,andthoseofJudeaon

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BergsonSmashed ScientificMaterialism

Recently(27.2'41)"TheRecord" revealedthatHenriBergson,thenoted Frenchphilosopherandwinnerofthe 1927NobelPrizeforLiterature,died aCatholic.Althoughreceivediota theChurchafewyearsago,hedidnot wishtomakehisconversionpublic, throughdelicacyoffeelingforpersecutedfellow-Jews,whomhewouldhave seemedtohaveabandonedintheirdistress.WritingintheLondon"Tablet,"Rev.M.D'Arcy,S.J.,givesthe followingestimateofhiswork:*

GRE1ATnamesandgreatachievementsaresoonforgottenin thesedaysofquicklychanging fashionsofthoughtandstrangeevents, andIlenriBergson'slongillnesshas dimmedhispopularity.Inhisprime attheendofthelastcenturyheastonishedtheworldbythebrilliantoriginalityofhisviewsandhischarmof style.Rarelycanaphilosopherhave rousedsuchenthusiasmandmadehis lecturesarivaltothetheatre,

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Thisverybrilliancemadehimsuspecttothosewhohadnotreador heardhim;theylikedtothinkthat hemustbeacharlatan,andafterall Pariswasthehomeofstrangeart movementsanddilettantism.This mayhavebeenoneofthereasonswhy heneverhadenoughdisciplesinEnglandtoformaschool.Hismajor workshavebeentranslated,andbooks andarticleshavebeenwritteninEnglishinexplanationandcriticismofhis views,butheneverbecameawidespreadcult.Besidesthereasonjust givenitmaybethathedidnotfitinto themaintraditionofpyschologyand logicinthiscountry.

Wehavebeenthesufferers.UndoubtedlyBergsonwilltakehisplace amongtheimportantphilosophersof alltime,bothbecauseoftheoriginalitycihisviewsandhisinfluenceinthe historyofthought.

Hecameattheendofalongperiod ofscientificmaterialismandnarrow positivismontheContinent,andno onedidmorethanhetogiveitthe "coupdegrace."WeinEngland,in ourcustomaryway,didnotgothe wholehoginacceptingtheapparent resultsofphysicalscience.Wewere neverwhole-heartedinourbeliefthat thespiritualandphysicaluniverse couldbereducedtoadanceofatomic particles,andforconsolationweturnedtoamodifiedGermanidealism.But inFrancepositivismexercisedatotalitarianrule.Spiritwasbuttheenvelopeorphosphorescenceofmatter, andcolourandlifecouldbeexplained inphysico-mathematicalformulae.It wasthisviewwhichBergsonsmashed byhisbrilliantcounter-attack.Byhis appealtofacts,hisexperimentsand hypotheses,heshowedthatquantity, sofarfromabsorbingquality,wasbut itsshadowandape,thattimewasmore vitalthanspace,andthatlifedidnot consistofanumberofdiscretemo ments,butembracedtheminaunique experience.

HENRIBERGSON.

sidedwiththeangels.

Inlateryearsheattemptedtoclear upthesedifficulties.Therecanbelittledoubtthathewishedtobringback totheworldthebeliefsinfreedom,in spiritandlivingpersonalities.Heis saidtohavemaintained,thoughIcannotrememberthepassage,thatthe burdenofprooflaywiththosewho deniedimmortality,notwiththose whoacceptedit.HewrotetoPere Tonquedecconfirmingthelatter's/defenceofhimasabelieverinGod. ThoughaJewbybloodhebecame moreandmoresympatheticwiththe Catholicpointofview,andinhislast greatwork,"LesDeuxSourcesdela MoraleetdelaReligion,"hecitedthe Catholicmysticsasthecompletestexpressionofreligioustruth.Hismany Catholicfriendswhovisitedhiminhis lastlongillnesscouldtestifytorrie strengthofhisreligiousconvictions.

Asmightbeexpected,Catholicthinkershavedifferedastotheradicalorthodoxyandvalueofhispositiveviews. Maritain,forinstance,whileadmiring hismaster,hasfeltboundtopointout theinadequacyofhisfundamentalnotions.Hewouldnot,however,deny, Ithink,thebeneficialeffectofhis criticismsofhiscontemporaries.There areothers,likeEdouardLeRoy,who thinksthatBergson'sapproachtothe greatproblemsofphilosophyisthe bestandmostcongenial.

ThegreaternumberofCatholicphilosophersaregenerousintheirestimate. Theybelievethatdisagreementsare duemoretotheBergsonianlanguage thantohisthought.Thatlanguage, justasNewman's,hastobeunderstood inthecontextofthephilosophiesin whichBergsonwaseducated.Pierre Rousselotpointedouthoweasilythe distinctionofintuitionandconcept couldbetranslatedintotheintellectus andratioofSt.Thomas;Maurice Blondelhasshownusthatthe"elan vital"canbeusedverysuccessfully underthenewnameofL'Action,and onemightperhapssay,too,thatthe greatworksofPereSertillangesand PereMarechalwouldnothavecontainedsomuchaboutdynamismwereit notthattheyhadreadBergsonand beeninfluencedbyhim.

Ph.Ch.,

USETHEPHONE:B2848

Hispetwordswere'intuition," "memory,""action,"and"elanvital." Naturally,hisviewsseemedtotend totheoppositeextreme.Insteadof thestaticworldofthephysicalscientistsheintroduced"duration,'lifeasa constantbecoming;forthemechanistic evolutionofthebiologistshesubstitutedadynamicprocessof"creative evolution."Lifewasonecontinual noveltygraspedbyintuition.Our mechanicalformulaeandourgeometricalconceptswerefakes,inventedfor economy'ssaketodealwithpractical life.Thekettleiseverchanging,the cygnetisalwaysbecomingaswan,but wecannotaffordtoliveonsucha plane,andsoweassumethatthekettleisalwaysthesameuntilitleaksor cracks,andthecygnetisjustthesame "uglyduckling"until,byamiracle,it turnsintoaswan.

Alongthislinehewastheprecursor ofthePragmatismassociatedwiththe namesofWilliamJamesandSchiller, buthewasfarmoreoriginalanddaringthanthey.Histhought,too, changed,anddevelopedashegrew older.Atfirstitlitupthenearfields ofexperience,butleftthehorizons, wheremetaphysicsandtheologydwell, veryobscure.Hispraiseofintuition attheexpenseofconceptualthinking leftittooliketoinstinctforreaders tobecomfortable,andhis"vitalurge" appearedtoleavenoroomforGodor finitepersonalities.

Agreatthinkernoticesthedefectsof histime,correctsitbysomethingnew andcreative,andlaysuptreasuresfor posterity.Bergsoncanclaimtohave doneallthis.

Hepulleduptheblindsandenabled hisowncountrymenandallofgoodwilltoseenewshiningvistasofreality. Hebroughtbacktheimportanceof livingmovement,demonstratedthe uniquenessofconsciousness,andmade itpossibleforcountlessthousandsto believeagainconfidentlyinfreedom andhighideals.

Francenowinchainscanbeproud ofhim,andthewholeworldoweshim adebtofgratitudeforsidingwiththe angelsatatimewhensomanyresponsiblethinkershavemadeterms withLeviathanorMoloch.

TheAchievement

ITistooearlytoattemptafinal estimateofJamesJoyce'swork, buttherecanbelittledoubtthat hewillberegardedasoneofthemajor figuresintheliteratureofthefirsthalf ofthepresentcentury,writesMartin Turnellinthe"Tablet."Hisinfluence hasextendedbeyondthefrontiersof countryandlanguage,andevenbeyond thefrontiersofhisparticularmedium. Thedisappearanceofthecruderimitationsofhismethodsdoesnotmean thathisinfluenceisdiminishing;it meansthathisworkisbecomingpart oftheliteraryconsciousnessofEuropeanditsinfluencesubtlerandmore fruitful.Joyce'sexperimentsincreasedthepotentialitiesofhisart,andno Englishwritercanbeunaffectedby them.

JoycewasIrish,Catholic,cosmopolitan,andthesethreefactorsplayeda decisivepartintheformationofhis genius.

Whenhebegantowriteintheearly yearsofthecentury,theEnglishnovel hadsunktoaverylowlevel.Itwas undeniablyprovincial,andalmostcompletelycutofffromthegreatmovementsontheContinent.Galsworthy hadbegunhissentimentalchronicles ofthecollapseofthewealthymiddle classes,andWellswascelebratingthe emergenceofasecularisedand"progressive"lowermiddleclass.Arnold Bennettwasaconscientiousstudentof theFrenchnovel,buthechoselead modelsandadoptedphilosophical theorieswhich,farfromrestoringthe vitalityoftheEnglishnovel,couldonly leaditfurtherandfurtherintothe wilderness.

ItwaslefttoIrishmenlikeYeatsand Joyce,andtoAmericansIleEliotand Pound,whoweremoresuccessfulin freeingthemselvesfrominheritedinhibitions,toprovidethenewstartthat wassourgentlyneeded.

Joyce'sfirstbookwasacollectionof shortstoriescalled"Dubliners,"which waswrittenin1904,butwasnotpublisheduntiltenyearslater.Hisprose revealedtheinfluenceofFlaubertand Maupassant,butitalreadypossesseda distinctivelyricalqualityofitsown.

"APortraitoftheArtistasaYoung Man"followedtwoyearslater.

Itgivesaremarkableaccountofthe author'schildhood,hiseducationata Jesuitcollege,andhislossoffaith. Itdoesnotcontainanystrikingtechnicalinnovations,butitstruckanew noteinEnglishliterature.Stephen Daedalus(asJoycecalledhimself)differedfromthebored,spoiltrichyoung menoftheEdwardiannovel.Hewas arebel-arebelagainstChurch,family andfatherland.Wemaynotaccept thesolution,buttheproblemswere genuineones;thevoicewasauthentic.

"Ulysses,"Joyce'smostfamousbook, wasbegunin1914andtooksevenyears towrite.Thisisnottheplacetodiscussitsrelationshiptothe"Odyssey," but`itshouldbenoticedthatthechoice ofmodeldoesgivethebookadefinite intellectualframework.TheHomeric parallelsareworkedoutintheminutestdetail,andthoughtheyareanexcuseforagooddealoftiresomepedantry,theygivecoherencetoJoyce'svast undertaking.T.S.Eliothaspointed outthatJoyce'sworkisanimatedbya clearcutconceptionofsocietywhich hasnoparallelinthenovelsofD.H. Lawrence,andwemayaddthatthe Dublinof"Ulysses"hasthesameuniversalityastheParisofBaudelaire's poetryandtheLondonof"TheWaste Land."

Itisthestoryofasingledayinthe lifeofLeopoldBloomonJune16,1904. BloomisUlysses,hiswifePenelopeand StephenDaedalus(whoreappears)is Telemachus,thesymbolofthesovereignintellect.Joycechoseashis heroaJew.Hechosehimbecause,in spiteofbaptism,hewasrootless,agnostic,denationalised,non-partyandcompletelydetached,becauseheseemedto betheperfectembodimentoftheordinaryman.Hemakesasplendidfoilto theover-sensitiveandhighlyintellectualStephen,andwefindattheend ofthebookthatalmostallthegreat problems-religion,art,politicsand love-hasbeendebated.Yetinspite ofthereturntoPenelope,inspiteof theextraordinarycomedyofsomeof thescenes,itisStephenwhodominatesthebook.

Theviewoflifethatemergesisessentiallyatragicone."Thenyoudo notintendtobecomeaProtestant?" remarksacharacterin"APortraitof theArtist"toStephen."Isaidthat Ihadlostthefaith,"Stephenanswer ed."Whatkindofaliberationwould thatbetoforsakeanabsurditywhich islogicalandcoherent,andtoembraceonewhichisillogicalandincoherent?"Weknowfromaccountswrit-

ofJamesJoyce

tenbyJoyce'sfriendsthatthiswas andremainedhisownview.Itisalso aclueto"Ulysses."For"Ulysses"is thetragedynotmerelyofmanwithoutfaith,butofamaninwhomthe habitsofmind,theconscienceofaCatholic,havesurvivedthedisappearance ofbelief.Themanichaeandisgustto whichJoycegivesexpressionbetrays theexasperatedmoralist,anditisnot fornothingthatT.S.Eliothasdescribedhimas"themostethicallyor. thodox"ofthemoreeminentwriters ofourtime.

ItisworthglancingatsomecharacteristicexamplesofJoyce'sart.

"TheSuperior,TheVeryReverendJohnConmee,S.J.,resethissmooth wat^hinhisinteriorpocketashecame dewt,thepresbyterysteps.Fiveto three.JustnicetimetowalktoArtane. V1/4hatwasthatboy'sname? Dignain,yes."Veredignumetjustun,est."BrotherSwanwasthepersontosee.Mr.Cunningham'sletter. Yes.Obligehim,ifpossible.Good practicalCatholic:usefulatmission time."

"Thegrainysandhadgonefrom underhisfeet.Hisbootstrodagain adampcracklingmast,razorshell, squeakingpebbles,thatontheunnumbered shipworm,pebblesbeats,woodsievedby lostArmada.Unwhilesomesandflatswaitedtosuckhis treadingsoles,breathingupwardsewagebreath.Hecoastedthem,walking warily. :Aporterbottlestoodup,stoggedtoitswaist,inthecakeysand dough.Asentinel:isleofdreadful thirst.Brokenhoopsontheshore; atthelandamazeofdarkcunning nets;fartherawaychalk-scrawledbackdoorsandonthehigherbeachadryinglinewithtwocrucifiedshirts.Ringsend:wigwamsofbrownsteersmenand mastermariners.Humanshells."

Thefirstpassageisanironicalpor- traitofapriestseenbyascepticalob. server,butthismustnotblindusto thequaltiesoftheprose.Theorderly,precise,colourlessprose,thecareful resettingofthe"smooth"watchinthe "interior"pocketgaveusaglimpseof theperfectlydisciplinedpriest.'Dignam"remindshimoftheopeningwords ofthePreface,butthedistractionis brushedaside.Theorderlymindreturnstopracticalconsiderations,toa meetingthatwillbe"usefulatmission time."

Thesecondpassageistakenfrom Stephen'smeditationduringthewalk ontheshore,anditisasplendidexampleofJoyce'sproseatitsbest.When comparedwiththefirstpassageitillustrateshisextraordinaryskillnot merelyinvaryinghisstyletosuithis characters,butintranslatingperceptionsintowords.Thereisnotasingle stalemetaphorinthewholepassage; Stephen'ssensationsarenotdescribed fromwithout;thewordisthesensationandthisseemstoputthepassage inthesameclassasthegreatestEnglishprose."Thatonunnumberedpebblesbeats"isanallusiontothescene in"KingLear,"whereEdgar,disguisedasamadman,walkswiththeblind king."LostArmada"isare4rence toagreatenterprisewhichendedin disaster.Itisthefocalpointofthe passagewhichgivessignificancetoall theotherimagesoffutilityanddisaster groupedaroundit.The"porterbottle" emphasisestheshipwreckmotifand "stogged"isoneofJoyce'smosteffectivecoinages.The"crucifiedshiits" apearstobeareferencetoanother greatenterprisewhichseemed,tothe scepticalStephen,tohaveendedin disaster;likethe"dreadfulthirst,"it underlinesthefactthatthedisasteris aspiritualone."Humanshells"isthe logicalclimaxofthepassageandbrings homeitsunity.

"Ulysses"isanunequalwork.There areundeniable'longeurs";Joycehad amaddeningstreakofpedantry;and therearepagesofwilfulobscurity.Yet therecanbenodoubtabouthisbrillianttechnicaloriginality.Hehad cometoseethatthemethodsofthe classicnovelistwerenolongeradequatetodealwiththesituationthat facedthecontemporarywriter.Itwas necessarytodiscoveramethodthat wouldgetclosertoourmentalprocesses,thatwascapableofrendering notmerelychangesofmood,butthe rapidshiftandchangeoffeelingwith thedominantmood.

Joycetookoverandperfectedthe "interiormonologue"whichhadbeen inventedbyEdouardDujardininhis novel"Leslaurierssontcoupes." Thiswasnottheonlydevicethathe learntfromtheFrench,norwasitthe mostpotent.Theinfluenceofthe Symbolistpoetsiseverywhereapparentinthetwopassagesdiscussed above.Someoftheinnovationslike

WHATISDECENT LITERATURE?

theshorthandreferenceto"lostArmada,"andtheborrowingfrom"King Lear,"havebeenextensivelyusedby Eliot,wholearntthemfromthesame source.Thisfactisaninterestingone. Fortheartsarenolonger,astheyonce were,separateanddistinct.Thereis acloseparallelbetweenthe"interior monologue,"freeverse,impressionism Inpaintingandthecinema,whichrepresentindependentattemptstosolve thesameaestheticproblems,andhave endedbyinfluencingoneanother.

Joyce'sparticularachievementswere notaccomplishedwithoutsacrifices. Thesolidity,thebeliefinlife,which distinguishesthegreatclassicwriters, hasdisappeared-comparetheWifeof Bath'sProloguewithMrs.Bloom's meditationatthecloseof"Ulysses"andithastobeadmittedthatJoyce's artisafragmentaryartinwhichthe partsareconsiderablymorebrilliant thanthewhole.Itisoneofitsweak nessesthatweconstantlyfindourselvestemptedtodiscussitstechnicaloriginalityoritsinfluenceapartfromits effectasawhole.Itmaybethatonly partsof"Ulysses"willsurviveinthe anthologiesofthefuture,orthatit willcometoberegardedmoreasa text-bookforthepractitionerthanasa completeworkofart.

Itisdifficulttoavoidtheconclusion that,afterthecompletionof"Ulysses," Joycewastedhisgreatgifts. Hedevotedhimselfmoreandmore tolinguisticexperimentswhichledfurtherandfurtherfromanysortofsignificantexperience,andculminatedin thatextraordinaryfailure"Finnegan.s Wake."

Hiswork,saidEliot,"ispenetrated withChristianfeeling."Wemustregretthedivorcebetween'feeling"and anintellectualfoundationwhichwould haveprovedmoredurableandmore universalthanHomer,butwemust alsobegratefultohimformanythings. Nottheleastofthemistohaverevealedtheinadequacyofthecomplacent secularismwhichhasinfectedthe novel,andwhichheescaped.

WARINCHINAAIDSCONVERSIONS.

Maryknoll.-ThewarinChinahas increasedthenumberofconversions there,writesFatherR.W.Green, Maryknollmissioner.Recentlyina refugeecampinSouthChinahebaptised54peoplewhomightneverhave heardoftheChurchhadnotthewar interruptedtheirdailywork.

ThisyearMaryknollrecords17,000 baptisms-3,000morethanin1939. Themissionersattributetheadvance inlargemeasuretocontactsmadeinreliefcamps.-NCWC.

47-49BAYVIEWTERRACE, CLAREMONT

TelephoneNo.F2262

CLAREMONTMEATCO. FAMILYBUTCHERS

ImportersofEnglishFillet,etc. G.CORDIN,Prop. Note:QualityHighest:PricesLowest.

Afterall,whatisdecentliterature? Commonsensemightsuggestadefinition,butitdoesnotappeartobe socommoninthismatter.Thereare plentyofratherdrybooksonecould ead,oronecouldgoandasksomebodywhoknows,butperhapsthatis toomuchtroubleatthemoment. Onegoodandentertainingwayof findingoutistoreadFr.DanielA. Lord'slatestlittlepamphlet.Hemay becalledanexpertondecency,for hewrotethefamousmotionpicture code,notonlyfortheBishopsbut alsoforthe"bigmen"intheindustrywhoagreedthatcertainthings weremoral,certainimmoral.Illustratinghisargumentwithreferences tomanyfamiliarbooksandmotion pictures,Fr.Lordpresentsanotherof hishighlyinterestingseriesof pamphlets.Hislucidexplanationwill enlightenanyonewhomovesinthe foggyatmospherewhich,thesetimes, surroundsdiscussiononthissubject.

Catholics,andmanynon-Catholics, areusedtothesightofapriestsayingMass.Butifyouask,"Whatis hedoingatthealtar?",whatanswer willyouget?Priestshavebeen sayingMassnowforalmosttwothousandyears,andthereisquiteahistorybehindtheceremonies,aswellas aprofoundsignificanceintheriteitself.Fr.Martindale,S.J.,haswrittenasmallbooklet,which,ashesays, is"meantforanyone,Catholicornot, whogoesintoaCatholicchurchwhen Massisbeingsaid,anddoesnotunderstandwhatthepriestisdoing." Itisaveryreadablelittlebook,informative,andwithawealthofattentiontodetailinitscomparativelyfew pages.Inshort,itisanidealminiatureguide-booktothe.Mass,and, certainly,everyCatholicshouldread itifhedoesnotalreadyknowits contentswell.Forprospectiveconverts,orforanynon-Catholicfor thatmatter,itisalsoinvaluable.

WhatIsDecentLiterature?By DanielA.Lord,S.J.

WhatIsHeDoingattheAltar?

ByC.C.Martindale,S.J. AustralianCatholicTruthSociety publicationsforFebruary.

THEmemoryofSt.Patrickishonouredandreveredacrossthe earthwhereverhisexiledchildrenfindahome,forPatrickis

spiritualheritagethatissharedby everychildofIrishblood;hismemoryisburnedasifbyfireintothe Irishsoul-theimprintofhishallowed feetisstilluponthesacredsoilwhere ofthetrod;hisapostolichandisstill upraisedtobless-hisbreathstill hauntsthevalesandhillsoftheland ofhisapostolate,anuhisspiritisperpetuatedthroughthemistandgloom ofcenturiesinthequenchlessfireof Ireland'sfaith.Forthefirewhich 1111111111111111111111111011111111111111111101HIMMIIMIHMUM

MA,

0111111111011111111111111010111111101111111111111HONIIIIIIIIIIIIMIM hekindledhasneverbeenconsumed, andevento-day,farremovedthough heisfromusintime,anddespitethe changesandvicissitudesofintervening centuries,wecanstillfeelthehallowed influenceofhisgreatcharacterand works.

WhileScotsandBritonsclaimhim askinsman-certainitisthatPatrick wasearlycapturedandsoldasaslave. Thepiousyouthwasvictimofthe CANADAISTOHAVEMEMORIAL TOCAPTAINFEGEN.

St.John.

Amonumentistobeerectedinthis NewBrunswickporttoCaptainFogartyFegen,whowontheV.C.whenthe JervisBayfoughtagreatlysuperior

cruelpracticeofhisage,andwith otherswastakencaptivetoIreland. There,amongststrangers,inhunger Andthirst-incoldandnakednesshe tendedtheflocksofhiscruelmaster. Timeandagainintheselonely chequeredyearsheprayedtoGodfor deliverance-forrelease.'Ahundred timesbynightandahundredtimesby day,"hetellsusthatheprayed,but GodhadotherdesignsforPatrick. Sevenyearsofdireanddreadfulexperienceonthebleakandtrackless hillsofAntrimsawthedawnofPatrick'sfreedom.Tradition,whichso oftenenshrinesatruth,makesamiracleofhisescape;andmorethantradition,thewrittenwordofPatrickhimselftellsofhislongingtoreturn. Strangevoiceswereechoinginhissoul-voicesfromtheWesternSeacalling himbacktoIreland.Andbackto Irelandagainhewent,nolongerthe hirelingofatyrant,butthevoluntary slaveofChrist.

"VoiceoftheIrish."

Hisrevealingdiary,theConfession, tellsus:"IthoughtIheardthevoices ofthosewhodweltbesidethewattle woodwhichisbytheWesternSea,and theycriedoutasifwithonemouth: 'Webeseechthee,holyyouth,tocome andwalkoncemoreamongstus,'-jindI wasgreatlymovedatheart,andthankedGodthataftermanyyearstheLord grantedtothemaccordingtotheir prayer."

The"manyyears"mountedto twenty-onebeforePatrickcould"walk oncemoreamong"themwhosevoices brokeuponhisdreams,andgavehis wakingheartnorestuntilheshouldgo backtothem.Duringthatlongapprenticeshiptosanctityandlearning, passedwiththemonksofLerinsand othermonasteries,Patrickhadtoface theplausible,humanargumentsofhis kithandkin,whichheeventually overcame,andonGoodFriday,in432, PatrickansweredthecalloftheIrish andcamebacktowalkamongthem untiltheend. Weknowthesuccessthatattended hismissionamongthepaganIrish,but weforgetthepricehepaidasaslave boyonthewind-swepthillsofAntiim, andthetwenty-oneyearsofpatient labourinthemonasticschoolsof France.Patrickisnoexceptionto therulethatsuccessinanywalkoflife mustbepaidforinprolongedpersonal effort.

HisMissionBegins.

RoyalMeath,theancientRomeof Ireland,sawPatrick'sfirstencounter withpaganism.Intotheveryheart ofpaganpompannpaganpowerhe carriedChrist'smessageofcharityand peace.InthisthereisstrangesimilaritybetweenPeterandPatrick,for Peter,alsoarmedwiththesamecommission,andenslavedonlytotruth, carriedChrist'smessagetotheheart ofpaganRome;andasinRome,so. too,inIreland,paganpompandpagan powerwentdownbeforethewordof theApostlearmedonlywiththeCross. Ireland'sproudmonarchsawPatrick beforehiminhumilityandapparent weaknessleaningonhisstaff-astrange figureinstrangecompany;butthere wasaringofeternityinhismessage, andtriumphgreetedhimatthedawn ofhismissionarycareer.

TheGospelwhichhepreachedran countertothepropensityofman's fallennature;yetarmedonlywiththat GospelPatrickswayedamewlby11,5 wordandmarchedalongvictorious, withthevictorythatovercomeththe world-ourfaith.Hefoundthenationuniversallypagan,andafteryears oflabourandausteritiesmorethan human,heleftituniversallyChristian. Historyshowsnosuchrecordfora singleman.Andattheend,whenhis crowdedlifewasdrawingtoaclose, andwhenhewasabouttodie,as saintsarewonttodie,withoutregrets, helookedacrosstheharvestofmany years,andsawpeopleeverywhere boweddownbeforetheCross.Today,15centuriesafter,arough,shapelessslabmarkstherestingplaceof thisgreat'Apostle;itbearsnopretentiousepitaph,butitbearsoneword whichringsthroughcenturiesofweal andwoe-Padraig!

CelebrationofSt.Patrick'sDay

TheSt.Patrick'sDaycelebrationslastweek-endbeganwithasports meetingatGloucesterParkonSaturday,inwhichchildrenfrom schools,collegesandorphanagestookpart.Adisplaywasalsopresented,andatitsconclusionthechildrenparadedpastHisGrace theArchbishop,eachschoolbeingprecededbyitsbanner.

OnMondaySolemnHighMasswas celebratedintheCathedral,andasermonspecialtotheoccasionwaspreachedbytheRev.ThomasPerrott,Si.

OnMondayeveningaconcertwas presentedintheCapitolTheatrebythe childrenofthelocalCatholicschools.

SOLEMNHIGHMSS.

TheministersatSolemnHighMass were:Rev.FatherMcGillicuddy,celebrant;Rev.FatherRafferty,deacon; Rev.FatherDonnelly,sub-deacon. Rev.FatherLalorwasmasterofceremonies.

ThemusicwasrenderedbySt. Mary'sCathedralChoir,conductedby Rev.A.Lynch.Rev.FatherPerrott deliveredthefollowingoccasionalsermon:-

"IfIshouldbeworthyIamreadyto givemylifeforHisname'ssake."

ThesewordswerespokenbySt.Patrickandgiveusthekeytohissuccess asamissionaryofChrist.

Gobackinimagination1,500years tothescenewhichIamgoingtodescribeforyou.Eachyearaccording totheirpagancustom,theKingof Irelhnd,withhiscourt,hischieftains and,hisbards,collectedonthehillof Taratodohonourtotheirgods,tobeg ofthemtoblesstheircropsandgrant themaplentifulharvest.Thiswas thebirthofanewseasonandwassymbolisedbythelightingofagreatfire, asignalinthedarknessofthenight.

Tolightafirebeforetheroyalfireon Tarawasacrimep"nishablebydeath.

SeethekingandhisfollowersstandingonthehillofTara,avaguegroup inthedarkness.waitingforthepagan priesttolightthatfire.Suddenlynot veryfarawayonthehillofSlanea flameleapedtothesky.St.Patrick andhisfollowerswerethatsamenight celebratingtheirfirstEasterinIreland.Theyhadlitthefirstpaschal fireinthatpaganlandtosymbolisea newspirituallifeforthepeopleofIreland.ThefirelitbySt.Patrickwas neverthelessachallenge,anactofdefianceoftheking,thepeople,andthe religionoftheland.Theheartof KingLaoghoireburnedwithangerand resentment."Whohathdaredtodo thisimpietyinmykingdom?"he cried."Lethimdiethedeath."One oftheDruidsmadeanswer,"Unless thatfirebeputoutthisnightonwhich ithasbeenlit,itwillnotbeputout forever."

Thisbutstirredthezealandthe angeroftheking,andhehastened throughthenighttoavengetheinsult. Littledidheknowthepoweragainst whichhewaspittinghimself.

WhenhearrivedatSlanehesummonedSt.Patricktostandbefore him.Butbeforethesaintcouldopen hismouth,oneofthedruidspoured forthastreamofblasphemyagainst theonetrueGod.Thoughnoman hadtouchedhim,sothestorysays,he wasliftedfromthegroundandthrown atthefeetoftheking.Whenthe soldiersrushedtoseizeSt.Patrick,he criedoutinaloudvoice,"LettheenemiesofChristbescattered."Thunder roaredandlightningflashed.Terrified horsesfledandthekingwithafewfollowerswasleftdefencelessbeforeour Saint.Thefrightenedking,still swearingallegiancetothefalsegodsof hiscountry,neverthelessgavepermissiontoSt.PatricktopreachthroughoutthelengthandbreadthofIreland. Thiswasthebeginningofalifeof missionaryactivity,thelikeofwhich theworldhasseldomseen.Howmuch ofthisancientstoryistruetofactwe cannottell.ThelifeofourSaintis shrowdedinlegend,andthehappeningof1,500yearsagoareboundto havegatheredsomethingthroughout theages. St.PatrickstoodthatnightonSlane afterhavingspentclosein25years preparinghimselfforthetask.He hadstudiedandprayed.HehadlivedinmonasteriesinEuropeunder menwhowerenotonlygreatscholars butgreatsaints.Hehadbutone thoughtandoneobject,andthatwas theconversionofthepaganlandof Irelandinwhichhehadlivedasa slavewhenbutaboy.Hestirredthe zealofthosewithwhomhehadcome incontact,andthereforewhen,under theordersofOurHolyFatherPope Celestine,andwithhisblessing,heset outforIreland,hewasaccompaniedby devoutpriests,ardentclericalstudents andzealouslaymen,whoweretrained craftsmen,architects,workersinmetal

andinstone. Hiswasnotthefirstattemptmade toconvertIreland.Hewasnotturntdbackbythenewsofthefailureof Palladius,hewasnotdeterredbythe showerofstoneswhichdrovehimback tohisshipwhenfirsthetriedtoland inIreland.Whenlatertheywererefusedfreshwaterandfoodtheybadly needed,theysailedfurthernorthalong theeastcoastofErinandfinallylandedatArmagh.

Afterhisvictoryoverthekingat Slane,St.Patrickandhiscompanions travelledalloverIreland,preaching andinstructing.Theymetwithevery formofopposition,buttheywerevictorious.Forcloseon30yearsthe workwenton,theworkofbringing thelightofthetruefaithtoaland livinginthedarknessofpaganismand idolatory.

WeknowofthesuccessofSt.Patrickandmustgivecredittothosewho workedwithhim."Unlessthisfire beputoutthisnightitwillneverbe putout,"werethewordsofthepagan priest.For1,500yearsandmorethe lightofthetruefaithhasburned brightlyinIreland.Hundredsand thousandsofyoungmenandwomen, actuatedbythesamezealwithwhich St.Patrickwasconsumed,havelit theirtorchesatthatfireandhave bornetheflameoffaithintolands shrowdedinthedarknessofreligious ignorance.Thereisnotacountry intowhichthesedescendantsofSt. Patrick'sconvertshavenotpenetrated.

WenaturallyaskourselveshowSt. Patrickwasabletobringaboutsucha strikingandpermanentresult.The secretofhissuccessisnosecretatall.

Theresultsweretheobviousoutcomeofintenseprayer.Heandhis followersspentmanyhoursoftheday inprayerandmostoftheirnightsalso. Theyplacedalltheirtrustinthepower andthemightofGod.Theylooked onthemselvesasthemouthpiecesof God,Hisenvoys,Hismessengers,but theworkitselfwastheworkofGod. WithHishelpandunderHisinspiration,St.Patrickbroughtaboutastar.lingchangeinIreland.Hereplaced PaganismbyChristianity.TheMass tooktheplaceofthepagan sacrifices. Hefoundedmonasteriesformenand conventsforwomen;heestablisheda diocesanclergy,andgotvocationsfrom everyrankofsociety.Helaboured withoutrestandasGodwashishelper hesucceeded.Heplantedaseed whichgrewandflourishedandyielded athousandfold.

LetusthisdayprayGodthatthe seedofthetruefaithwhichSt.Patrickplanted,whichhasweathered manyastorm,willcontinuetoflourishandtobeaglorytotheChurchof Christhereonearth.Letusaskof theSaintalittleoftheburningzeal withwhichhewasconsumed.Begof himthatyoumaybeallowedtohelp inthegreatworkofspreadingthetrue Faithbywordandbyexample.You neverwillbeallowedtotakepartin thatgreatworkunlessyouplaceall yourtrustinthegreatGod,unlessyou arefaithfultoHislaws,andunlessyou arewillingtodevoteyourselftoprayer.

LetusthankGodforthefaiththat St.Patrickwasthemeansofbringing tous,andletusalwaystrytobefaithfultoit,acredittoourState,toour ChurchandtoourGod.

SCHOOLSPORTS

Themostspectaculareventswere masseddisplaysby1,100girlsfrom parochialschoolsandby500pupilsof ChristianBrothers'schools.Sportsre-sultswere:

CHAMPIONSHIPS.

Boys.

75Yards,under8:P.Daly,1;M. Lee,2;J.Southerland,3.Time,81-5 sec. 75Yards,under10:P.Gee,1;D. O'Brien,2;F.Hughes,3.Time,Ilsec.

75Yards,under12:R.deGruchy,1; G.Leahy,2;A.Birch,3.Time,121-5 sec.

100Yards,under14:G.Hall,1;F. O'Sullivan,2;F.O'Brien,3. Time, 13sec. 100Yards,under16:J.deGruchy,1; P.Huntley,2;J.McLinden,3.Time, 114-5sec.

Girls.

30Yards,under8:T.Rodan,1;M. Keating,2;V.Smith,3.Time,51-5sec.

50Yards,under10:J.Morrow,1;P. Henneberry,2;M.Smith,3.Time, 8sec.

50Yards,under12:F.Moylan,1;K. Cooper,2;M.Brown,3.Time,71-5sec.

75Yards,under14:J.Hardwick,1; P.Powell,2;C.Pash,3.Time,lOsec.

75Yards,under15:B.Day,1;S. Dixon,2;F.Preshaw,3.Time,94-5 sec. HANDICAPS.

Boys(100Yards).

St.Patrick'sSchool:J.deGruchy,1; W.Bestwick,2;J.Hodge,3.Time, 113-5sec. ChristianBrothers'College,Fremantle:J.McLinden,1;D.O'Brien,2;K. Doherty,3.Time,121-5sec.

St.Malachi'sChristianBrothers'College,Perth:V.Henderson,1;R.Worner,2;R.Cocks,3.Time,11I-5sec.

ClontarfBoys'Orphanage:J.Cavanagh,1;L.Pink,2;C.Needham,3. Time,122-5sec.

ChristianBrothers'School,Highgate: J.Carmody,1;R.Cunningham,2;R. Green,3.Time,12sec.

AquinasCollege:J.Burke,1;G.Pelassis,2;J.Dease,3.Time,112-5sec.

St.LouisSchool:B.Barber,1;P. Henderson,2;B.Fraser,3.Time,12 1-5sec.

JuniorHandicap,forallschools:J. McLinden,1;P.Huntley,2;J.de Gruchy,3.Time,114-5sec.

St.Joseph'sGirls'Orphanage,75 yards:J.Garbutt,1:K.Curry,2;K. Weston,3.Time,102-5sec.

FlagRace,over13:St.Brigid'sPrimarySchool,1;St.Brigid'sHighSchool, WestPerth,2;SacredHeartPrimary School,Highgate,3. FlagRace,under13:Loreto,Swanbourne,1;St.Joseph's,Queen'sPark, 2;SacredHeartPrimarySchool,Highgate,3.

IRISHNATIONALDANCING.

IrishJig,under10:JeanHarrison.

IrishReel,under13:BettyWinfield. IrishHornpipe,under16:Ernest Mulcahy.

St.Patrick'sDayChampionship, under13:BettyWinfield. IrishJig,ReelorHornpipe,16years andover:CatherineKane.

FISH

Salmon,ChoiceScroll 1/10tin

H.Shoe 1/9and2/7tin

BlueSeal 1/4and2/-tin

GoldPlate 11d.and1/6tin

GoldSeal M.and1/2tin

ENGLISHFISH.

FreshHerrings 11d.and1/6tin

HerringsinSaucelldand1/7tin

KipperedHerrings and1/7tin

HerringsinMayonnaise:9d.and1/1

Bloaters 1/4tin

CANADIANFISH.

FreshHerrings,l's Oldtin

HerringsinSauce,Fs Old.tin SARDINES.

Norwegian,l's,inoil 8d.tin

Canadian,i's,inoil 7d.tin

Portuguese Sid.and1/2

WHITEBAIT.

St.George's 2/-,2/8,3/3tin

BrownBarretts 2/6and3/3

MaoriChief 1/71

Pilchards lOid.and1/4tin Crab 1/11tin

Crayfish 1/5tin

Oysters,St.GeorgeOld.,1/4tin

Oysters,Palaco 1/3tin

Oysters,Kenset 1/3tin

NATIONALCONCERT.

Alargecrowdattendedtheconcertin theCapitolTheatreonMondaynight. Theprogramme,givenbychildrenof theCatholicschools,wasasfollow: Overture,"FantasiaofIrishAirs," pupilsofLadies'College,Victoria Square.PupilsofLoretoConvent (conductedbyMaxRutter),thenrendered"SongoftheFair:TheApple Woman"(ElizabethBlair);"IrishMelody,"GentleMaiden"(Traditional,arr. byLouisLavater);"HymntoSt.Cecelia"(F.Myerscough).Arecitation, "InthePrimOldDays,"wasgivenby MissMarjorieMcPhail,pupilofConventofMercy,VictoriaPark.Choir andOrchestra,(a)"Tho'theLast GlimpseofErin"(Moore),(b)"When ThroughLifeUnblestWeRove" (Moore,arr.bySirJohnStevenson) (c)"TheRoseofTralee"(Moore), pupilsofSantaMariaLadies'College. Dance,'IrishJig,"MissJoyAshton (Dancingchampion;pupilofSt.Joseph'sSchool,VictoriaSquare.Teacher: Mrs.Lashbrooke).Choir,(a)"Danny Boy"(Traditonal),(b)"TheLastRose ofSummer"(Moore),pupilsofPresentationConvent,"Iona."ActionSong. "MyIrishDaddyKnows"(Haydn Wood),pupilsofSacredHeartConvent PrimarySchool(Junior).Dance,"MemoriesofPoland,"pupilsofSt.Joseph's School,VictoriaSquare.Orchestra, 'EchoesofEire,"pupilsofLadies'College,VictoriaSquare.Scena,1941, pupilsofSacredHeartConveniHigh School.Choir,(a)"TheFairyTales ofIreland"(wordsbyEdwardLockton, musicbyCoates);(b)"TheMeetingof theWaters"(Moore),St.Brigid'sCollege,WestPerth.VerseSpeaking Choir,"TheLittleIrish-Mother,"pupils ofSt.Mary'sHighSchool,Leedervflle. TheVaultingHorse,pupilsofChristian Brothers'College,St.George'sTerrace, Perth.RibbonDance,pupilsofSt. Columba'sSchool,SouthPerth."God SaveIreland." Thepresentationwasarrangedand stagemanagedbyMr.P.R.Jackson. ThehousemanagerwasMr.J.J.Minihan,assistedbyMr.J.Mitchell.

GROCERIES and PROVISIONS forLENT at

Oysters,Ozone 1/4tin

Shrimps,inTins 1/6tin

CodRoes,Morton's1/5,2/9tin

TunaFish 1/4tin

Toheroes,Whole 2/-tin

TyneHerringRoes 101d.and1/5tin

FishCakes 1/-tin

AnchovieFillet,Portuguese Lax 2/a;d13/tn tini

ArrigoniFishCocktails,inflat dishes 1/3

Hored'Oeuvre,1/-,1/3,1/6,2/4tin

FISHPASTES

MyLadyCrab 9c1tin

MyLadyLobsters 9dtip C.andB.'s.AnchoviePaste1/9jar C.andB.'sBloaterPaste1/6jar

PecksAnchovette1/-and1/5jar

PecksS.andS... 1/-and1/5jar

EscoRelish 1/7

RexSalmonelleAnchovie9d.jar

FameFishPastes 5for1/-

KRAFTFishPastes 5for1/C.andB.Taregon 1/11bot.

FawcetteDutchPearlOnions

BoansMalt 11d.bot.

TheAlternativesNow

Thenationalindignationwhichhasbeenarousedoverthe revelationsoffraudintheArmycontractsforbreadandbootsis indicativeatonceofanawakeningconscienceinregardtobusinessmoralityandthedeterminationonthepartofacertainsection literallytomakecapitaloutofthewarsituationagainsttheevil daysthatseemtothreatenthemafterthewar.Itmust,however, beconfessedthatitissomewhatillogicaltogrowanrgyoverthe supplyingofsoldierswithinferiorfoodandfootwearwhensimilar andevengreaterinjusticeshaveinthepastbeenperpetrated againstthesamemenascivilianswithoutprotest.However,there isadeterminationthroughoutthecommunitygenerallytostop profiteeringinwartime,anditisnotunlikelythatahabitofmind willbeformedtowardsthecontrolofprofitsinpeacetime,and someattemptmadetorestorethesocialobligationsofwealth.But onthesideofthedelinquentsthereisnoevidencewhateverofa changeofheartbutratherakeen-sightedpremonitionofpostwar socialreconstructioninwhichtheunrestrainedmakinganddisposalofmoneywillnolongerberegardedasasocialvirtue.It isnot,however,tobesupposedthattheownersandcontrollersof capitalwillbecontentplacidlytowatchthepassingoftheirage.

Henceontheirpart,whiletheycannotresistcertaininevitable modificationsofthesocialorder,theywillbeconcernedtoseetoit thatthesechangesaremoremattersofnamesandmodesthanof radicalreconstructionwhereinthebetterdistributionofwealth willbethecentralprinciple.Thepresentorderofconcentrated wealthwouldbestbeconsolidatedunderstatecapitalism.Under thisarrangementprivatepropertywouldstillexistandwouldremainnotonlyasnowinthekeepingofahandfuloffamiliesbut theinstabilityofownershipwouldberemovedbyfurtherlegal consolidation.Wehavealreadyseenthebeginningsofsucha process.Theoldliberaldoctrineoflaissez-fairewhichinsisted thatenterpriseshouldbefreeofgovernmentinterference,hasalreadydisappeared,andgovernmentsoftheliberaltypearealready engagedinscientificplanningandrigidindustrialcontrol.The principleofgovernmentallysubsidisedindustryhasnowmovedon tosuchthingsaspricefixation,petrolrationing,andwheatacreage restrictions.Thevaguebutcertainunionbetweencapitaland governmentwhichhasbeengrowingmorepronouncedinthelast generation,hasnowmergedintoopenidentitytheonewiththe other.NowhereisthissomarkedasinAustralia.Thepeople whoreallyownthewealthofthiscountryhavecomeforwardovertlytogovernitintheirowninterests.TheoldcompetitiveprincipleofLiberalismhasgivenwaytothemonopolysecuredbythe combine.

Theculminationofthisprocesscanonlyendincompulso;y labour.AlreadyinEnglandtheconscriptionofman-powerfor industryisanaccomplishedfact,andalthoughitmaybeclaimed thatanunprecedentedcrisisinourhistoryhasmadesuchmeasuresinevitable,itisacommonexperiencethatitiseasiertoaddto thantosubtractfromtheStatuteBook.Temporarymeasures madeinthenameofemergencyhaveanuglyhabitofbecoming permanent.Nobody,forexample,issofoolishastoimaginethat eitherpricesortaxationwillregresstoanyextentafterthewar, whereaswagesarecertaintodoso.Anothersymptomofthe advanceofStatecapitalismisthealmostlavishprovisionofsocial services.Apartfromgivingtheworkersdirectpersonalownershipofthemeansofproduction,oranyhowsomeshareinthemanagementorprofitsofindustrythroughcorporativeorganisations, thereisnoalternativemethodofquellingindustrialunrestandsocialdiscontent.Inanycase,justasthereiseverypretextfor Statecapitalismduringtheactualperiodofwar,sotherewillhe reasonsenoughreadytohandforitscontinuanceinthechaosthat inevitablyfollowswar.

* * *

Thetragedyofitisthatthereisnoonetosaythemnay. Labourhasbeenlargelytrickedintoacquiescence,andinanycase noneofitsleadersapparentlycontemplateditssocialistplatformas apossiblereality.FromtheCatholicoutlooktherewouldbelittle tochoosebetweenSocialismandStateCapitalism,sothatifwe arenottobedefeatedinthesocialsphereasaresultofvictoryor. thefieldofbattle,thereisnoalternativeforthepreservationofindividualfreedomandtherightofmentoanaturalandreasonably happylifeexceptthroughtherestorationofproperty.Twoyears beforetheoutbreakoftheworldwar,Mr.HilaireBelloc,inper'sapsthemostprofoundbookofourgeneration."TheServile State,"laiddownthealternativesclearlyandstartlingly:"Ifwefail torestoretheinstitutionofpropertywecannotescaperestoring. theinstitutionofslavery.Thereisnothirdcourse.'Theterriblethreatofthatprophecymusthaveseemedveryvagueandncertainwhenitwaswrittenthirtyyearsago,buttheeventhas comeuponuswithbewilderingrapidity.Thechoiceisbeforeus now.

NATIONALDAYOF PRAYER-MARCH23rd.

HisGracetheArchbishop directsthatSunday,March23, beobservedthroughoutthe Archdioceseasadayofspecial prayer,inaccordancewiththe wishesofHisMajestytheKing. TherewillbeExpositionofthe BlessedSacramentineveryparishchurch(wherepossible), commencingafterlastMassand concludingwithaHolyHourin theevening.

C.I.O.HEADURGESCORPORATISM.

Mr.PhilipMurray,newly-elected headofthepowerfulUnitedStates CommitteeofIndustrialOrganisation insuccessiontoMr.Lewis-whoresignedwhenMr.Rooseveltwasre-elected-hasoutlinedaprogrammeofeconomicandindustrialreformcloselyresemblingthecorporatismofthePapal Encyclicals,accordingtothe"Social Forum,"ofToronto.

Mr.Murray,aCatholic,wantsjoint labour,industry,consumerandgovernmenthoardstogoverneveryimport. antindustryconcernedwithnational defence.

Tocontroltheseboardsandcheck abusesaboardofreviewshouldbe created,aclearinghouseasitwere,on whichlabourwouldstillhaverepresentatives,tosettleallmattersinwhich disputesmayarise.

Abovethisboardofcontrolshould beasupremecommittee,withthePresidentasamemberandattachedto whichagainthereshouldbelabourrepresentation,todecidefinallyonall mattersofindustry.

"OurInspirations."

"Thoseareourgoalsandthoseare ourinspirations,"saysMr.Murray. "andthosearesomeofourambitions. \'ewanttherighttoparticipateand wewanttherighttojoinwithothers ingovernmentinpromotingconstructivelyandintelligentlythewellbeingof thecitizensofthiscountry.Thereis nothingsubversiveinthem.

"Theyareintelligent,constructive suggestionsemanatingfromthehearts andsoulsofmenandwomenwhoseinterestinlifeisthepreservationofour formofgovernmentasamaintenance ofitsfreedominprivateinstitutions."

U.S.PRELATEGIVESPLACETO JAPANESE.

(ByNCWCNewsService.)

Anothernon-Japaneseprelatehasresignedhisjurisdictioninorderthata Japanesepriestmaybeappointedin hisplaceandthusenablethenative population-inaccordancewiththetraditionoftheChurch-tohavea spiritualruleroftheirownnationality.

AfewyearsagoMgr.Chambon,ArchbishopofTokyo,aFrenchman,resign. edhisseeinfavourofMgr.PeterDoi, whomhehadtrained.Mgr.Chambon"steppeddown'andbecameBishopofYokohama.Heretainedhis titleofArchbishopasapersonalhonour.

NowMgr.PatrickByrne,headofthe MaryknollMissioninJapan,hasresign. edhisofficeasAdministratorofthe KyotoprefectureinfavourofMgr. PaulFuruya,aged41,whowasordainedpriest13yearsago.

"Mgr.Furuyaisanace,"saidMgr. Byrneafterthenewadministratorhad beeninstalled.''Hehaswonusall, forhehaseverbeenpriestlyindeport. ment,zealousintheministry,generous tothepoor,quicktoself-sacrificefor theneedsofothers,alwayscheerful, gracious,approachable."

PRIESTBACKFROM11YEARSIN ARCTIC.

Montreal.-FatherStephenBasin. 37-year-oldFrenchOblate,artistand scientist,whoservesIgloolik-oneof themostnortherlymissionsinCanada -hasemergedfromhisblizzard-swept stationforthefirsttimeinelevenyears. Hehas"comeback"formedicaland dentaltreatment.

Forsixyearsthisintrepidmissionarylivedthelifeofanoutcast,acave washishome,beforehefinallywonthe friendshipoftheEskimos.-NCWC.

0

Theinspectionofthediocesanschools inChristianDoctrinewillbeginon Monday,March31,intheCathedral Parish.St.Joseph'sPrimarySchool willbevisitedbybothinspectorson the31st.,andtheotherschoolswithin theparishinorder.Theschoolsof SacredHeartParish,HighgateHill, willbevisitedwhentheCathedralParishschoolsaredone.

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

March23:CanonicalVisitationand ConfirmationatSt.Patrick'sChurch, Bunbury. March30:CanonicalVisitationatthe ChurchoftheImmaculateConcep tion,Busselton.

COURSEOFLENTENSERMONSATST.MARY'S CATHEDRAL.

"TheReasonablenessofOur Faith."

Rev.FatherE.McLoughlin, C.SS.R.,oftheRedemptorist Monastery,NorthPerth,willdeliverthefourthofhiscourseof LentensermonsinSt.Mary's CathedralonSundayeveningat 7.30p.m.FatherMcLoughlin willdealwiththeOxfordMovement.

VERDIHONOUREDWITHVATICANRECITAL.

ComposerofChurchMusicand Opera.

Thevigilofthe40th.anniversaryof thedeathofVerdi,thefamousItalian composer,wascommemoratedbyVati-canRadiowithaspecialbroadcastof someofhisgreatreligiousworks,includinghis"AveMaria."

NotedItaliansingerstookpartina half-hourprogrammewhichwasconductedbyMaestroCalvi.Themusic criticofthe"OsservatoreRomano" gaveabriefsketchofVerdi'swork. GieuseppeVerdiwasbornatParma in1913anddiedinhisNth.year. HevisitedEnglandseveraltimes,his lastvisitbeingin1875whenlewas attheheightofhisfame.Thirteen yearsearlierheconductedhis''Inne delleNazioni"atHisMajesty'sTheatre.Hisearlyvisitswerenottoo wellappreciatedandherefusedappst asconductoratDruryLaneTheatre.

Amonghis "Rigoletto,"bestknownoperasare "IlTrovatore,""LaTraviata,""Otello,"and"Aida." Verdirankshighasacomposerof churchmusic.Hisfamous"Requiem" waswrittenfortheanniversaryofManzoni'sdeath.The"AveMaria"isfor asopranosolo,withstringaccompaniment. WhenVerdidiedheleftafundto endowahomeforagedmusicians.

DEATHS.

AYLWARD.-ONMarch3,1941,accidentallykilledatPerth,James,dearlybelovedhusbandofMary,fond fatherofMollie,Nora,andPhilip (Leederville),brotherofWilliam, PatrickandEdward(IrelancVWalter(Victoria),Mary(Sr.M.Kieran, deceased),Margaret(Sr.M.Benignus, deceased),Nellie(Mrs.Frisby,Ire- land),andNora(Mrs.Gallacher, Spencer'sBrook). MostSacredHeartofJesus,have mercyonhissoul.

O'CONNOR.-Ofyourcharity,pray fortheeternalreposeofthesoulof CatherineM.O'Connor,whodiedat Sydney,N.S.W.,March16,dearlybe- lovedmotherofReverendBrotherD. P.O'Connor,St.Patrick'sBoys' School. SweetJesus,havemercyonher.

MURRAY.-OnJanuary8,1941,at Portmund,Co.Galway,Eire,Mrs. JohnMurray,lovingsisterofJ.Holohan,HisMajesty'sHotel,Perth. R.I.P.

HisGraceBlessesNewChurchatGrassValley

OnSundaymorning,March9,His GracetheArchbishop,accompanied byRev.FatherLinnane,visitedGrass Valley,whereheblessedthenew churchdedicatedtoSt.Brendan.HavingsaidMassHisGracecongratulated theCatholicsofGrassValleyonhavingprocuredforthemselvessucha beautifulchurchinwhichtheycould payhomagetoAlmightyGodinconditionsmoreconducivetodevotionand morebefittingtheHolySacrificeof theMassthantheconditionsthatprevailedinthepast.HisGracethanked FatherLinnaneforhisassistancein thebuildingofthechurch,andMr. Duckett,thecontractor,fortheconscientiousmannerinwhichhehadfulfilledhiscontract.Heexpressedhis appreciationofthegenerousresponse totheappealforthenewbuilding.In particularhethankedMr.R.Sermon, whohadgivenabursefortheeducationofapriestfortheArchdiocese. Afterthereadingofthedonation list,Mr.P.O'Driscoll,onbehalfofthe peopleofGrassValley,thankedHis GraceforhavingcometoGrassValley toblessandsaythefirstMassinthe ChurchofSt.Brendan,andassuredHis Graceofthewarmwelcomehewould

alwaysreceivefromtheCatholicsof GrassValley.

DonationList.

£100:Mr.P.tO'Driscoll.

£50each:Mr.F.O'Rourke,Mrs.E. J.O'Driscoll,Mr.G.Shipway.

£15:Mrs.Frost.

£1010s:HisGraceArchbishopPren

£10:Mr.R.Sermon.

£22seach:Rev.FatherLinnane, Mr.S.Spencer.

£2each:Mr.Les.Sermon,Mr.W. Sermon.

£1iseach:Rev.FatherCasey,Mr. J.O'Driscoll,Mr.M.Hicks.

£1each:Mrs.P.O'Driscoll,Mrs.J. Martin,Mr.GeraldO'Driscoll,Mr.R. Hicks,Mrs.Anderson,Mr.J.McEvoy, Mr.BernardO'Driscoll,MissK.Sermon,Mr.KevinO'Driscoll.

lOs.each:Mr.M.Brennan,Mrs.Anderson,MissB.Stormon,Mrs.Ryan, Mr.Rob.O'Driscoll,Mr.S.YugoIan, Mrs.McEvoy,MissM.O'Driscall,Mr. J.Connale.

6s.:G.M.andC.Spencer.

5s.each:Mrs.J.Lawrence,MissS. O'Neill,Mrs.J.Robertson.

2s.each:Mrs.Wilcox,PeterMcEvoy.

NewSchoolandPresbytery atCunderdin

OnSundayafternoon,March9,His GracetheArchbishop,accompaniedby Rev.FatherLinnane,blessedthenew PresbyteryandSchoolatCunderdin. Eventhoughtheafternoonwasunusuallyhot,therewasalargeandrenresentativegatheringfromCunder'din, SouthernBrook.NorthamandTammin.AmongstthevisitorswereRev.FatherWoodsandRev. FatherLenihan,andMr.Lundy(Chair. man)andMr.Exton(Secretary)representedtheMeckeringRoadBoard.His GracewasformallywelcomedbyRev. FatherLinnane.

Afterthesolemnblessingofthe SchoolandPresbytery,HisGrace,in aneloquentaddress,congratulatedthe peopleofCunderdinforhavingerectedsuchabeautifulschoolforthecause ofCatholiceducation,andapresbytery toprovideahomefortheirpriest. Stressingthenecessityofreligiouseducation,HisGracepointedoutthepart playedbytheCatholicChurchineducatingthechildrenand,thenecessity ofreligioninthemoral,mentaland physicaleducationofeachindividual child.

Beforeconcluding,HisGracethankedMr.Brooks,thecontractor,forthe efficientandexcellentmannerinwhich hehadperformedhiswork.Healso thankedthechairmanoftheMeckeringRoadBoard(Mr.Lundy)andthe Secretary(Mr.Enton)fortheirattendance.Finally,HisGracedeclaredthat infutureCunderdin,Meckering,SouthernBrookandTamminwouldbeunitedtoformtheParishofCunderdin, withFatherLinnaneasParishPriest.

Mr.Jas.StokesthankedHisGrace forhavingcometoCunderdintobless andopenthenewSchoolandPresbytery.

Thedonationlistwasthenreadby FatherLinnane.

DonationList.

£1010s:HisGracetheArchbishop.

£21:Mr.J.P.Sheehan.

£20:Mr.M.Herley.

£20:MissM.Lynch.

£15each:Mr.A.Budeslik,Mr.Jas. Stokes.

QUARANTORE

1941. MARCH.

Sunday 4th 5th

Subiaco:FortyHours'Prayer (21st-23rd). Kalamunda:OneDayofExposition. APRIL.

Sunday 1stNorseman:OneDayofExposition.

'endMidlandJunction:OneDay ofExposition.

3rdPalmvra:OneDayofExposition.

4thKellerherrin:OneDayof Exposition.

LENTENLECTUREIII

TheProtestantAttitudeTowards theCatholicChurch

AseriesofLentensermonsonthe reasonablenessofourFaitharebeing deliveredoneachSundayeveningduringtheHolySeasoninSt.Mary'sCathedralat7.30p.m.Thepreacheris Rev.FatherE.McLoughlin,C.SS.R.,of theRedemptoristMonastery,North Perth. IAsummaryofthethirdleotureappearsbelow:-

£10lOseach:Mr.J.J.Flanagan,Mr. 13.Horan,Mr.W.P.Cullinane,Mrs. M.E.Thornett.

£10:Mr.P.J.Scally.

£55seach:Mr.Thos.Hird,Mr. HenryGreen,Mrs.E.J.O'Driscoll,Rev. FatherLinnane.

£5each:MeckeringFriends,Mr.Jim Sheehan.

£33seach:Rev.FatherWoods,SistersofSt.Joseph,Northam,Mr.Thos. Daley.

£22seach:VeryRev.Dr.Kennedy, Rev.FatherLenihan,Rev.Father Casey,Rev.FatherLyne,Rev.Father Power,Rev.FatherRafferty,Rev. FatherMcGillicuddy,Rev.Father Carolan,Rev.FatherHenebry,Rev. FatherReidy,RedemptoristFathers, OblateFathers,SistersofSt.Joseph, Kalamunda,SistersofSt.Joseph,Fremantle,Mr.Jos.Antonio,Mr.Frank Giles,Mr.Jos.Newby,Mr.J.,J1Doherty,Mr.T.J.Antonio,Mr.F.Lardi.

£2:Mr.PatMoran.

£1iseach:VeryRev.FatherWallace,VeryRev.Dr.Goody,Rev.Father O'Reilly,Rev.FatherGiles,Rev. FatherHussey,Rev.FatherRegan, Rev.FatherCarmody,Rev.Father Doyle,Rev.FatherMurray,Rev. FatherJ.V.O'Sullivan,Mr.andMrs. Sherrington,MissSharkey,Mr.Bull, Mrs.T.J.Antonio,Mr.H.S.Brooks, Mr.Haythornthwaite.

£1each:Rev.FatherBrosnan,Mr. L.Lenny,Mr.W.Dudley,Mrs.Lawrence,Mr.HarryGreen,Mr.R.J.McKenzie,Mrs.Gray,Mrs.Phillips.

lOs6deach:Mr.P.McCarthy,Mr. H.Atkinson,Mr.J.B.Clune.MissMonicaBogue,Mr.GeorgeHarris,Mr.D. Shoesmith,Mr.F.Butler.

lOseach:Mrs.Brooks,Mrs.Allen, Mrs.Coombes.

7s.:Anonymous.

5s.each:MissS.O'Neill,.X.Y.Z.

4s.:Friends.

2s.Friends.

OnSunday,March16,HisGraceinductedRev.FatherLinnaneasParish PriestofCunderdinduringthe10.30 a.m.Mass.

1,Nthelastlecturewehaveshown thatChristwasGod.HisResurrectionprovedit.Hisplansfor theredemptionofthehumanrace weretheplansofGod.Oneofthose planswastoraiseaChurchtocontinuetheministryHebeganwhileon earth.lieselectedabodyofmen andconferredonthemwondrous spiritualpowers.Heconferredon themtheexclusivepowerofforgiving sins:"ReceiveyetheHolyGhost,whose sinsyeshallforgive,theyareforgiven them,andwhosesinsyeshallretain, theyareretained."Heconferredon themthepowerofchangingbreadand wineintoHisBodyandBlood.TakingthebreadintoIlishand,Hesaid: "ThisismyBody.Takeyeandeat," andtakingthechaliceofwine,Hesaid: "ThisismyBlood,whichshallbeshed fortheremissionofsins.Takeyeand drink."ThenHesaid:''Dothisin memoryofme."

TothesemenHegavethecommissiontoteach.Thiscommissionwas deliveredinsolemnandarrestinglanguage."Allpowerisgiventomein Heavenandonearth.Going,therefore,teachyeallnations teaching themtoobserveallthingsIhavecommandedyou.AndbeholdIamwith youalldays,eventotheconsummationoftheworld."TheGospelwasto bepreachedto"allnations,"inother wordstheChurchwastobeCatholic. TheChurchwastoteachwhatChrist confidedtoHisApostles.Thesetruths formwhatiscalled"Thedepositof Faith."Inteachingthesetruths.the Churchwasprotectedfromerror."bv thespecialassistanceofGod."Behold Iamwithyoualldayseventothe consummationoftheworld."

SuchwastheChurchraisedupby Christ.Itgrewwiththecenturies, tillitembracedallEurope.Downto thesixteenthcentury,withnegligible exception,thatChurch-calledtheCatholicChurch-wasacknowledgedby allEuropeasthe"Pillarandground ofTruth."

Inthesixteenthcenturyarevolton thepartofLutherinGermany,anda collateralmovementonthepartof HenryVIIIofEngland,preparedthe wayforwhatiscalledtheProtestant Reformation.IndefenceoftheReformation,theablestexponentsof Protestantismmaintainthatthe ChurchraisedbyChristwasnotinfallible:thatitcoulderrinteaching thetruthsconfidedbyChristtoIIis Apostles.Theymaintainnotcould theChurcherr,butthatitdiderrin itsdoctrines:thattheMass,Holy Communion,Penance,prayersforthe dead,etc.,wereabusesthatcreptinto theChurchdownthecenturies.They maintainthatthereformerspurgedthe Churchoftheseabuses;hencethe movementwascalledtheReformation.

WhilethePresbyterianholdsthat theCatholicChurchwasinerrorfroili thesecondcenturytothesixteenth, theAnglicanholdsthatitwasonly afterthefifthcenturythatdoctrinal abusescreptintotheCatholicChurch: thattheCatholicChurchwasdivine 'nitsteachingsandpracticesinthe irstfivecenturies.

Wemaintainthatourdoctrinesand uracticesnowarethesameasthose ,fthefirstfivecenturies,andconsequentlynoerrorcreptintotheChurch. ,'onsequentlytheissuebetweenAnglicanandCatholicliesinthequestion, Whatwerethedoctrinesandpractices 'oftheChurchinthefirstfivecenturies ofitsexistence?Indealingwiththis question,wehavetoexaminethemass ofwritingsleftusbythesaintlyand scholarlybishopsand.priestsofthose earlycenturies:writerssuchasSS. Augustine,JeromeandJohnChrvsos. torn,ofthefourth'century;St.Cyprian, ifthethirdcentury,andSt.Irenaeus, ofthesecondcentury.

Intheearlypartofthenineteenth century,famousscholarsoftheOxford University-allAnglicans-madeaprolongedandexhausticestudyofthose writersandgavetheirverdictinfavouroftheCatholicChurch,namely,as theCatholicChurchisnow,sowasshe then. Astheverdictisimportantandpracticallyconclusive,weshalldealwithit inthenextlectureunderthetitleof "THEOXFORDMOVEMENT,"

HOLIDAYRESORTS

MASSTIMETABLE.

Albany:7.30a.m.;9.30am.eachSunday

(Inquiries:VeryRev.T.Gilroy,The Presbytery,Albany.Tel.:Albany 129.)

Busselton:8a.m.

(Inquiries:Rev.C.Cunningham, ThePresbytery,Busselton.Tel.: Busselton107.)

Bunbury:7a.m.;9.30a.m.

(Inquiries:Rt.Rev.Monsignor Hayes,St.Patrick'sPresbytery,Bunbury.Tel.:Bunbury141.)

Cottesloe:7a.m.;10a.m.

(Inquiries:VeryRev.J.Fahey,The Presbytery,McNeill-street,Cottesloe. Tel.:F2411.)

Denmark:FirstandThirdSundaysof month,at7.30a.m.

(Inquiries:Rev.M.Holohan,The Presbytery,Denmark.Tel.:Denmark18.)

Mandurah: (Inquiries:Rev.W.Clery,ThePresbytery,Pinjarra.Tel.:Pinjarra27.)

NorthBeach: (Inquiries:Rev.Fr.J.Brennan, ThePresbytery,OsbornePark.Tel.: B4067.)

Rockingham:

(Inquiries:TheOblateFathers,AdelaideStreet,Fremantle.Tel.:L2268.) Scarborough:8.15am.,toSunday, April20.

(Inquiries:Rev.Fr.J.Brenntlit, ThePresbytery,OsbornePark.Tel.: B4067.)

Gwelup:FirstandthirdSuncsiysof month,at10a.m.

WAGINMASSTIMETABLE.

March23:Dumbleyung,9a.m.; Wagin,11am. March30:Wagin,8am.;Dumbleyung,10a.m.

HARVEYMASSTIMETABLE.

March23:Vat-loop,8a.m.;Harvey, 10a.m. March30:Harvey,8a.m.;Waroona, 10a.m.

TOODYAYMASSTIM''1.*ABLE.

March23:BaLiis 7.30am.; Toodyay,9.30a.m. March30:Wongamine,8a.m.;Toodyay,9.30am.

MANJIMUP

MASSTIMETABLE.

March22:Palgarup,8.30a.m.

March23:Manjimup,8a.m.;Pemberton,10a.m.

March30:Pemberton,8a.m.;Northcliffe,10a.m.

SITUATIONWANTED.

Wantedbytrustworthymiddle-aged refinedlady,positionoftrust,careof home,etc.,orcompaniontoanelderly lady:highestreferences:smallremuneration.Reply"Reliable,"c/othis office.

TOLET.

FurnishedRoom,largeandclean. withfireplace;8s.:ladyalone."R.," thisoffice.

ARTHUR1.PURSLOWE&CO. FUNERALDIRECTORS

HeadOfficeandServiceChapel: 20ANGOVESTREET,NORTHPERTH Phone:B2849 BranchOfficeandServiceChapel: 884NEWCASTLEqTREET.LEEDERVILLE JAMESSTREET.GUILDFORD 2119ALBANYROAD.VICTORIAPARR

NEWMANSOCIETY

Well,herewearebackatworkagain withahostofnewfacestoinspireus thisyear."Don'tforget,freshers,the NewmanSocietyiswaitingtowelcomeyouwithopenarms.Congratulationstoallofyouonyoursuccessin theLeavingExaminations."

Thefirstfunctionoftheyearisa generalmeetingofthesocietyonMonday,March31,intheRefectoryat8 p.m.Thiswillbeinthenatureofa generalreunionandwelcometo "freshers:Somebusinessofinterest toallwillbetransactedasspeedilyas possible,andthenmusicwillbeprovidedfordancing.

OnSunday,April20,UniversitySunclaywillbecelebrated.Thisisthe mostimportanteventoftheyear.It shouldformtheconclusionofgraduationceremoniesforallCatholicstudents.Professionalmenarecordially invitedtoattend.Masswillbeat8 a.m.,atSt.Mary'sCathedral,HisGrace theArchbishopwillcelebratetheMass, andVeryRev.Dr.McMahonwillpreach thesermon.Breakfastwillfollow. Allthoseproposingtoattendarerequestedtowearacademicdressifpossible.

HOLYNAME SOCIETY

InMemoriam.

Mr.McCarthy,WestPerthBranch.

Mr.Oliver,WestPerthBranch.

Mr.W.J.Robinson,WestPerth Branch.

Mr.J.Patterson,SouthPerthBranch.

Mr.EdwinCronin,KatanningBranch.

Theannualgeneralmeetingofthe delegatesofthePerthDiocesanUnion willbeheldintheCathedralHall,Murray-street,onMonday,March24,at8 p.m.sharp.Allbrancheshavebeen notifiedanditishopedthatalargeattendanceofdelegateswillbepresent.

Thesecretaryandtreasurerwillbe inattendanceat7.30p.m.inorderto attendtoanybranchbusinessthat mayarise.

Themainbusinessoftheevening will,ofcourse,betheelectionofofficers totheExecutiveforthecomingyear. TheretiringmembersoftheExecutive areasfollows:President,Mr.E.LeB. Henderson,HighgateBranch;vice-presidents,Mr.F.Critch,EastFremantle Branch,andMr.H.Wells,Claremont Branch;generalsecretary,Mr.M.F. Foley,LeedervilleBranch;rec.secretary,Mr.E.O'Mahony,SubiacoBranch; treasurer,Mr.F.Morgan,Cottesloe Branch;marshall,CaptainJ.B.Carmody,LeedervilleBranch.

THIRDORDEROF ST.FRANCIS

TheusualmonthlymeetingofFranciscanTertiarieswasheldonMarch 2,andwasverywellattended. TheSpiritualDirector,Rev.Father McBride,receivedintotheOrderseveralaspirants,afterwhichheexhorted allpresenttotakepartoften,especiallyduringLent,intheStationsofthe Cross,adevotionprobablybegunby theFirstOrderofSt.Francis. AfterBenedictionoftheBlessedSacrament,businessmatterswerediscussedandbooksgivenoutfromtheThird OrderLibrary,whichcontainsalarge numberofbooksonvarioussubjects. Allmembersareparticularlyin-vitedto readthem,especiallyspiritualworks, duringthepenitentialseasonofLent andthisseriouswar.

CATHOLICTENNIS ASSOCIATION

13y"RON.' TennisDayatZoo.

Finalarrangementshavenowbeen completedretheAssociation'sTennis DayattheZoologicalGardens,andindicationsarethattheattendancewill beabumperone.Tengrasscourts havebeenhired,andwillbeavailable from10.30a.m.onwards.Playin themerry-chaintournamentwillbegin at2p.m.Thechargewillbe1/6each, plustheadmissionfeetotheZoo.All proceedsreceivedwillhedevotedtothe CatholicWelfareOrganisation.Therefore,asafinalreminder,cometothe ZooonSunday,March30,bringyour friends,takepartinthecompetition, anddoyourshareinhelpingthe C.W.O.

Tit-BitsofInterest.

Owingtothesmallattendance,the monthlymeetingofthesocialcommittee,schuduledforMarch18,hadtobe cancelled.Itishopedthattherollup ofmembersatthenextmeetingwillbe larger,andthatwecansettledownto organiseoursocialactivitiesforthe comingseason.

TheQuenslandCatholicTennisAssociationhasjustconcludedavery prosperousyear,consideringthedifficulttimes.Intheannualreportit showsthat,despitetheadverseconditions,onlyaslightdecreaseinmembershipof21wasnoticed.Thefinancialstateofaffairswasevenbetter, showinganincreaseinthecreditbal. anceof£22618s8dto£23717s6d,mainlyduetotheexcellentworkofthe socialcommitteeanddramaticsociety, whichraisedover£100duringtheyear. Inthegradematches,therewasafallingoffofonlytwoteams.Inallthe reportishighlysatisfactory,andshows thatasisterassociationcanthrivedespitethelargenumberofmemberswho areservingoverseas.Thereisalessonforustolearninthat.

HIGHGATECLUB.

Theclub'schampionshiptournament commencedsuccessfullylastweek-end, whenanumberofinterestingmatches werewitnessed.Asurpriseoccurred inthemen'ssingles,whenG.Parker wentundertoC.Ryaninthreesets afteragrimbattle.Thelatterplayed particularlywell,andinthequarterfinaltookasetoffP.Ryanbeforeacknowledgingdefeat.Anotherupset intheday'splaywasthedefeatofMiss J.RussellandP.McGinnityinthemixeddoubles.Thetournamentwillbe advancedafurtherstagethisweek-end, whenthesemi-finalsinsomeeventsTill beplayed.

MembersareremindedoftheAssociation'sdayattheZooonSunday, March30.

THERESIANCLUB.

Allmernbercoftheaboveclubare remindedthattheannualchampionshiptournamentwillcommencethis weekend(March22and23).Agood entryhasbeenreceivedforthevariousevents,andsomekeenmatchi:sare anticipated.Theclubisstillonthe look-outfornewmembers,andany intendingnewcomersarerequestedto getintouchwiththeexecutiveimmediately.

Allowanceof20/.onoldRacquetsreceive76/.Racquetfor65/-atWimbledonSportsDepot,81(Basement) WilliamStreet.

MassTimeTable.

St.Mary's:7a.m.,8.30a.m.,10a.m.

ConventofMercy:8a.m.

ChristianBrothers'College:9a.m.

AnnualGeneralCommunion.

TheannualGeneralCommunionof ourCatholicmentookplaceonlast Sunday,March16.Rev.FatherLalor celebratedtheMass,atwhichavery largenumberofmenreceivedHolyCommunion.Thisgreatdemonstration ofFaithwasveryedifyingandshould makealastingimpressionuponallour parishioners.

AfterMassthemenassembledatthe ParishHallfortheCommunionbreakfast,andwerejoinedbyalargenum- berofmenfromBoulder,whohadbeen presentatAllHallows'Churchfor theirgeneralComunion.Thisfunctionwasalsoanoutstandingsuccess. FatherLalorgaveaninterestingand veryinspiringlecture,illustratedbya film,ontheHolyShroudofTurin. FatherCarolanthankedFatherLalor andexpressedthegratitudeofallfor hisimpressiveandinspiringaddress.

St.Patrick'sDayCelebrations. Averyenjoyableeveningwasspent attheKalgoorlieOvalonFriday, March14,whenchildren'sand'adult sportingeventsweredecided.Theorganisationofthesportsprogramme andofthecateringwasexcellent,and wewishtoexpressourgratitudetoall whoassistedwiththecelebrations.

ThegrandNationalConcert,heldin theTownHall,wasawonderfulsuccess,andwasverymuchappreciated byallwhowerepresent.Wecongratulatetheorganisersoftheconcert, andthankthemforprovidinguswith anexcellententertainmentandamost enjoyableevening.

H.A.C.B.S.

MetropolitanSocialCouncil.

Bro.Burrowespresidedoverthemeeting,anddelegatesrepresentedDistrict Board,Leederville,EastVictoriaPark, Highgate,St.Patrick's,VictoriaPark, Subiaco,SouthPerth,andMidland. Entriesforthecompetitionforthis yeararetobeinbythenextmeeting, andanyteamwishingtotransferfrom IA"Gradeto"B"Grademustputin anapplication,alsothenamesofthe players.

St.Kevin'sBranch, Itistheintentionofthebranchto arrangecricketandfootballmatches duringtheyear.Memberswhowish totakepartinthesesportsare9.sLed tocommunicatewiththesecretary.it isdesirousthatmembersattendmeetings.Thenextwillbeheldonthe 27th.inst.

CATHOLIC WOMEN'SLEAGUE

Meetings.

TheExecutivewillmeetonMonday, April7,at2.30p.m.,intheLeague Rooms.

ThegeneralmeetinghasbeenpostponedtillthethirdWednesdayin April,soasnottotakeplaceinHoly Week.Thedateofthemeetingwill heWednesday,April16,at8p.m. CanteenWork.

Membersareaskedtoassistatthe Barrack-streetBuffetonSaturday, March29,andalsoonFriday,April 25.TheLeaguewillbeinchargeof theBuffetonthesedaysandallmembersareaskedtoassist.

PatrioticWork.

VeryRev.FatherHaugh,O.M.I.,and Rev.ChaplainLangmeadwerepresent atthegeneralmeetingheldlastWednesday.FatherLangmeadaddressed averygoodgatheringofmembersand thankedtheLeaguefortheirmany generousdonationstothedifferent militarycamps.Hewasespecially gratefulforthegiftof143pairsofpyjamas,whichhewasabletodistribute tosoldiersgoingoverseas.Heoutlinedthevariouswaysinwhichmemberscouldassistatthedifferentcamps. CampComforts.

Mrs.Ryanisinatendanceinthe LeagueRoomseveryFridayfrom2 p.m.to4p.m.,todistributewoolto knitters.Sheasksthosewhohave woolinhandtoexpeditethecompletionandreturnofgarments.

IHATELENT!

rA,TELent!"Thesearenotmy words.TheyareMarie'swords. 'AnyonewhoknowsMarierealises thatthatseldomyoungladyisgiven tostartlingstatements.Thereisnever toomuchconvictionbehindthem: theyarelargelyforeffect.Butthis time,Ifelt,shewasserious.

Ihadcomeonacensuscall.Iwas tiredandalittleannoyed,formyjourneyupthestreethadbeenlikePeter's longnightonthedeep.Noluck. Asanycanvasserwilltellyou,the afternoonisabadtimetocanvass LintonAvenue.Theladieswholive thereareseldomathomeafterone o'clock.Bridgeandmoviematinees andappointmentswiththehairdresser areonlyafewofthethingswhich takethemabroadfromlunch-time untilearlyevening.

Formethecensusthatdayhadbeen aseriesoffruitlessbell-pushing.Nobodyhome.ExceptforMrs.Brian. Shewasin,butshewassureIdidn't knowit.Shethoughtshehadbeen verycleverinpullingtheliving-room curtainbackthemerestquarter-inchto findoutwhowasatthedoor.ButI caughttheminutemovement.AndI sawher,greenhouse-coat,cigarette, redfingernailsandall.Icouldn'thelp thinkingthatIneverrefusetoopen theslidewhenMrs.Briancomesto confession.

TheFays'housewasthelastonthe street.Ididn'texpecttherewouldbe anA6nehome,butItriedanyhow.And Marieletmein.

SheisastudentatUltraCollege,a non-Catholicinstitutionnearourcity. Sheiscompletingherfirstyearofdomesticscience.Itdidn'ttakehera weektodiscoverthathermotherwas, contrarytoallpreviousbelief,apoor cook,awretchedcook,andthatthe Faydietwassobadlyoutofbalanceas toheallbutpoisonous.Indeed,she nowthoughtitamiraclethather huskybrotherswerenotlongsince dead,oratleastvictimsofscurvy.But Mariewasnowbusilysavingthemagainsttheirwill.Andjustintime, too.

Thegirlsatthecollegeareanoutspokenlot.Themostinfluentialof theirteachers,aMissTreel,insistson theneedofabsolutelyhonesty.This brusqueandopiniatedladyfeelsthat politeness,farfrombeingaChristian virtue,isreallyanevidenceofthevice ofvices,hypocrisy."Speakyour mind,'isheroneprinciple,andthe girlsimitateher,speakingtheirminds evenwhenthereisnothingthereto speak.

Sowhen,forthesakeofconversation,Imadethefatuousobservation, "Well,Lentisalmosthereagain," Mariecamebackwith,"IhateLent!"

ReasonsforHatred.

Mypurposehereisnottoreportmy attemptstofindthereasonsforMarie's atti,tkcle.Myconversationwithher was'asramblingasasubwayrider's thoughts,andashardtosetdown. ButMarie'sdislikeofLentisshared bymanyCatholics;toomanyinfact. Her"IhateLent!"hasbeenrepeated tomebynotafewothersintheparish;henceIhavetriedtogathersome ofthereasonsgivenforthisviewand toexaminetheirvalidity.

Whenyoufollowuptheassertion"I hateLent!"with"Why?"youdiscoverthatfastandabstinencehavea lottodowithit.TheywerethesubstanceofMarie'scomplaint.Ifindit hardtounderstandwhythelawsof fastandabstinenceshouldberesented byAmericanCatholics,foragood manyAmericanCatholicsseemnotto recognisethebindingforceofthesere-

gulationsoratleasttheirrelevanceto themselves.Theselawsdonotweigh heavilyuponus.Weinterpretthem veryloosely.Someofushabitually ignorethem.

ButthereareCatholicswho,althoughnotworriedbythelawsoffast andabstinence,areneverthelesscriticaloftheprincipaloffastandabstinence.Whetherornottheyrealiseit, theyaremotivatedbyafeelingthat fastandabstinencearesomehowpuritanical,outragingwhatisnaturally good.Inthistheysharetheviewof manycriticsoftheChurchwhohold thattheChurchisnotsomucha motherofhumankindasastep-mothet. Itiscuriousthatagenerationpuritanicalintheworstpossiblesenseshould accusetheChurchofpuritanism.

Istheprincipleoffastandabstinence puritanical?Yes,wearetold,forfood isagoodthing.Toforbideatingis aswrongastoforbidbreathing.But thepointisthattheChurchdoesnot forbideating;rathersheattemptsto regulateeating,andthatforourown welfare.

Foodisarelativegood,merelya meanstoanend,ameansofkeeping usalivebyfuellingthisflesh-and-blood machineofours.Whenonemakes themistakeofthinkingfoodanabsolutegood,onehastopayforthat mistake;sometimesinacutedistress, whichmakesonefeelasifthesixteen decisivebattlesoftheworld'shistory werebeingsimultaneouslyrefoughtup anddowntheterrainofone'sstomach; sometimesinagirthsostartlinglyincreasedthatoldclothesjustwon'tfit andasingleseatinthebusjustwon't do.Everyonerealisesthis.Hence mostpeoplearetemperateforpurely selfishandmaterialreasons:toavid eitheruneasinessorunsightliness.

ExistingonCarrotsandWater.

Eachofusknowsmorethanafew peoplewhofastandabstainforthe bodyssakealone.Theysubsiston v:aterandrawcarrots,whichisanextremeformofLasting.Ortheyreso latelypassupcertainkirdsofgood, whichis,ofcourse,trueabstinence. Theywanttobestreamlined,notsealined.Sotheygoonarigorousdiet, oftensorigorousastoundermine health.

TheChurchprescribesnothingso radicalaswhatyouwillfindinthe formulasoftheleadingbeauticians. AndwhattheChurchdoesprescribeis fromanaltogetherdifferent,analtogetherhigher,motive.Sheaimsnot atthedubiousbeautyofthebody, whichsoquicklywithersandperishes, butattheabsolutebeautyofthesoul, whichcangrowlovelierwitheach passingyearandisdestinedtoendure forever.

Incidentally,almosteverybookon chastitystressesthefactthatcontrol overtheappetiteforfoodisaconditionofcontrolofthesexualappetite. Ifoneisnotahostagetoone'sstomach,oneislikelynottobeahelpless victimofone'ssexualappetite.The manwhoisthemasterofthestomach isthemanwhowillbemasterofhis passions.

Anotherreasonforthe"Ihate Lent!"cryis"Wehavetospendhalf thetimeinchurch.""Halfthetime" isashamelessexaggeration,andthere isno"haveto"aboutit.Itisttue thatduringLenttherearemanymore devotionsthanordinarily,butoneisn't draggedtothemasGermanburghers aretoNazirallies.Forattendance ornon-attendanceonehastoanswer tonoauthoritysaveone'sownconscience.Andthisispreciselywherethe rubcomes.Weknowthatweneed thesedevotions.Peoplemaythink thattheyarecomplainingagainstthe Church,whereasactuallytheyarecomplainingagainsttheirinstinctiverecognitionoftheirownspiritualinadequacy andtheirconsequentrealisationthat theyaremakingamistakeinnotavailingthemselvesofthesemultiplied meansofsanctification.

Let'sNotTalkAboutIt.

Lentisatimeforgettingdownto fundamentals,athingwedon'tliketo do.Itisthemostrealisticseasonof thewholeyear.Mostofourlivesare spentinspiritualdrowsiness,pleasantlyforgetfulofthepurposeoflifeand ourownneglectofthemeansofachievingthatpurpose,driftingwiththe tidesofchance,absorbedinthethings ofsense.

ButLentshakesusup.Itisa stronghandrippingthemaskofflife. Itisapiercinglightonthedross whichwehavemadeourtreasure.It isatrumpetsummonsfromopium dreamsofwhatistransientandtrifling.Anditsvoiceisnowheresounded,itscuttingedgeisnowhereunsheathedasatthespecialdevotions

whichthisseasonbrings.Hencethe unpopularityofthesedevotions.

Lentensermons,moreover,arelikely todealwithtopicswhich,inourfoolishcomplacency,wefindupsetting.It wasMrs.Dineen,Ithink,whotoldme thatshedidn'tlikeLentensermons becausethepreacherswere"alwats talkingaboutdeathandhell."

ImakenodefenceoftheBorisKa;- Irffrhetoricwithwhichsomepreach- ersmadeluridtheirdiscourseson thesetopics.Theuseofsuchcliches as"thecold,clutchinghandofdeath" and"theashenfaceinthecoffinsoon tobeclosed"and"thetorrentsofrain onthefreshlysoddedgrave"isamatteroftaste.Buttheacidentoftheir usedoesnotaffecttheworthofthe topicorprovethatitshouldnotbe treated.

Thetopicshouldbeused.Itmust beused.Weneedtohearofit.For thefactofdeathmakesallthedifferenceinthemeaningoflife.Itought tomakeallthedifferenceintheliving oflife.Thesameistrueofhell.The fearofbankruptcyhasbeenthesalvationofmanyabusinessman.---(Con-densedfromanarticlebyJohn

Kennedy,in"Columbia.")

1;DixieExcho,2;LadyLirsie,3. MidlandHandicap:LadyCynthia,1; LadyAraby,2;MayHope,3. BassendeanHandicap:LinyaLady, 1;CountryBoy,2;Mareche,3. PerthHandicap:BlackJudy,1; RealLou,2;PaddyRoyal,3. MaylandsHandicap:Warrego,1; EugowraLady,2;EdithDirect,3. FremantleHandicap:Bessie.Donald, 1;AdmiralPronto,2;Wilna'sGift,3.

FULTONSHEEN.

TheChristianislikeacarpenterwho carrieshisruleinhispocket-hedoes notknowwhetherhewillhavetomeasurefloors,ceilings,doghouses,palaces,movietheatres,orchurches;but regardlessofwhetherhehastostand orstoop,heneverthrowsawayhis ruler,neverdecidestobeaLiberaland makethefootmeasurethirteeninches, orareactionaryandmakeitmeasure eleveninches.Afootforhimistwelve inchesdespiteprogressiveeducation. Themodern,ontheotherhand,uses moralprincipleslikeclothes.Ileuses onesetofprinciplesatonemoment, anotheratanother,ashewearswhite trousersfortennis,formalblackfor dinner,trunksatthebeach,andnone atallinhisbath.Hislikesanddis. likesdeterminehismoralprinciples,insteadofhismoralprinciplesdetermininghislikesanddislikes.

Thedifferencebetweenthemodern andtheChristianistruenotonlyas regardseducation,economics,politics, science,butevenasregardswar.The Christiandoesnotwaituntilwaris declared,andthen,throughtheinfluenceofpropaganda,emotion,orslogan, derideitsjusticeorinjustice.Hehas abodyofprinciplesofjusticegrounded intheEternalReasonofGod,anterior toanyconflict.Whattheseprinciples areinrelationtowarweproposeto discussinthisarticle.Inother words,isawareverjustified?The questionissowordedastoignorethis warcompletely.Allwewanttodo nowistosetdowntheinvariableCatholicprinciplesforajustwar-principleswehadbeforethiswar,before theCivilWar,beforetheFrenchRevolution,beforeLepanto,andbeforeConstantine,andwhichwewillhavelong afterthiswar.

ElementsofaMoralAct.

Ourprocedurewillbetosetdown ingeneralthedeterminantsofamoral Act,andthenapplythemtowar.In everymoralactthreeelementsmust beconsidered:First,theobject;second,theintention;andthird,thecircumstances.Notoneofthesemaybe contrarytothemoralorder,iftheact istobeconsideredmorallygood.To expressthisideaweoftenuseanold Latinmaxim:"Bonumexintegra causa,malumexquocumquedefectu"; thatis,allthemoraldeterminantsof anactmustbegood-itsobject,itsintention,anditscircumstances.If onlyoneofthemisnotgood,theact cannotclaimtobehollygood.

Toillustrate:Supposeyouwantto knowwhetheritisamorallygoodact tohelpapoorfriendwhoneeds1,000 dollarstoremaininhisbusiness.Ask yourselffirst:Whatistheobjectofthe gift?Tohelpaneighbour.Obviouslythatisgood-butthatalonedoes notmaketheactmorallygood,for twootherpointsmustbeconsidered.

Second,whatisyourintentionor themotiveforyouraction?Theact canbegoodandthemotivebad.If yourintentioningivingistorelieve yourfriend'sfinancialburdensohe cancontinuetogivehimselfandfamilythenormalcomfortsoflife,then youractissofarmorallygood;butif yourmotiveorgivingwastowinthe favourofhiswifeandultimatelyto inducehertodivorcehim,thenyour actwasvitiatedbyanevilintention.

Third,youmustenquire:Whatare thecircumstances?Ifyoumadethe giftthroughtheintermediaryofa friendofhiswife,who,ingivingthe giftridiculedthesanctityofthemarriagebondandjustifieddivorceonthe groundsthateveryonewasdoingit, thegoodactwouldbefurthervitiated andspoiledbytheunmoralcircumstancessurroundingthegift. AllElementsMustBeGood.

Itcannotbetoooftenrepeatedthat allthreeelementsmustbegood-the actionitself,theintention,andthe circumstances.Anactmust,therefore,begoodnotonlyinitsendbut initsmeans.Thatiswhatthemodernpaganforgets.Hethinksthat becausetheendisgood,hecanuse anymeanshepleases.No!Theend neverjustifiesthemeans.And,incidentally,forthosewhohavebeendeceivedbylies,theJesuitsnevertaught anythingelsebutthistraditional Christiandoctrine.

Letusnowapplytheseprinciples towar.Tobejustawarmustbe goodinitsobject,initsintentionand initscircumstances: Theobjectmustbegood,thatisa warmusthaveajustcause.Now warsareoftwokinds,defensiveand offensive.Adefensivewarisjustin itscauseifitiswagedtodefendan essentialandfundamentalrightunjustlydenied.ItIs,ofcourse,here presumedthatthewaristhelastresortinthepreservationofjustice;that

ofJustice

offreedom,butalwaysintermsofjustice.Oneofthegreatestdisasters thathappenedtomoderncivilisation wasfordemocracytoinscribe"liberty" onitsbannerinsteadof"justice."Because"liberty"wasconsideredthe idealitwasnotlonguntilsomemen interpreteditasmeaning"freedom fromjustice";thenwhenreligionand decentgovernmentattemptedtobring thembacktojustice,organisinginto "freedomgroups"theyprotestedthat theirconstitutionalandnaturalrights werebeingviolated.Theindustrial andsocialinjusticeofoureraisthe tragicaftermathofdemocracy'soveremphasisonfreedomasthe"rightto dowhateveryouplease."No,freedommeanstherighttodowhatyou ought,andoughtimplieslaw,andlaw impliesGod.So,too,inwar,anation thatfightsforfreedomdivorcedfrom justicehasnorighttowar,becauseit doesnotknowwhyitwantstobefree, orwhyitwantsanyoneelsetobefree.

ChristianPlacesJusticeFirst.

everyotherpeacefulmeansofrighting thewrongmusthavebeentried,and thattheimportanceofthejusticeto bedefendedisproportionedtothe gravityoftheillswhichthewarwould cause.(AsHenryofGhentphrased itintheMiddleAges:'Therearetwo waysofcombating:bydiscussionor byviolence;thefirstbeingpeculiarto man,thesecondtoanimals,oneshould onlyhaverecoursetothelatterwhen theformerisofnoavail.")TheChristianundernocircumstancescanaccept StephenDecatur'sdoctrine:"Mycountry,rightorwrong."Asloganofthis kindassumesthereisnolawabovea nation,noteventhelawofGod-thereforewhateverone'snationdecidesto doisright.RathertheChristianattitudeis:"Ifourcountryiswrong,let usmakeitright;andwhenitisright, ifneedbewewilldieforit;then indyingforitwewillbedefendingour country'sjusticebecauseitisonewith DivineJustice."

Warmustbegoodorrightnotonly initsactionorcause,butalsoinits intention.Theonlyintentionwhich canjustifywaristopromotecommon goodandavoidevil.Thecommon goodheremeansnotexclusivelythe commongoodoftheindividualnation, butthecommongoodoftheworld,.because,to-day,nonationishermitically sealed,butratheritsorderandprosperityisboundupinseparablywith othernations.EverysovereignState ispartoftheworld.

Thoughawarwasdeclaredbylawfulauthorityandforajustcause,it couldbecomeunjustifiedbyreasonof thewrongintentionoftheonewho wagedit;forexample,forthesakeof civilvengeance,tosatisfythelustof domination,ortocreateinternaldiscordssoastoinciterevolutionwithin acountryatwar.Thislatterapplies totheCommunisttechniqueofusing evenajustwartostirupacivilwar WarisaLastResort.

Warisaterribleinstrument,thelast thingtoberesortedtoindefenceof justice,andtomakeuseofitonerequiresapureheartandcleanhands. Onemust,therefore,neverconfusesloganswithintentions.Civilisationand culturearenottheprizesofbattleand hencemustnotbemadethepretext ofbattle.

War,tobejustified,mustbegood notonlyinitscause,notonlyinits intention,butalsoinitscircumstances oritsmethods.Abadmethodcould vitiateagoodintention;forexample, tocirculatefoulliteraturetoprocure moneyforamaternityward.The Churchismostemphaticaboutthe circumstancesofwaraffectingitsmorality. Abomberisameanstowin awar:touseittobombhospitalsis notproportionatetothewinningof warand,therefore,unjustified.There maybenolimittowhatmenwilldo inwar,because,physically,theycando anything;butthereisalimittowhat theymaydoinwar,because,morally, theyoughtnotdocertainthings;for example,theyoughtnotkillprisoners ofwar,makeimproperuseofaflagof truce,forceconqueredpeople,and,particularly,women,tomarchinfrontof soldiersintobattle.TheCatholic Churchofficiallybelievesthataerial bombardmentofcivilianpopulations isanunjustifiedmethodofwar,and "OsservatoreRomano"oftheVatican, onJune10,1938,declaredthatthepribtestsoftheworldagainstbombingsin Spainwerejustifiedbythefactthat thecentresbombedhadnomilitary interest.

TwoConsiderations.

Two'practicalconsiderationsfollow fromthisCatholictheologyofwar:

First,weChristiansshouldnever talkofwar,astheworlddoes,interms

TheChristian,inoppositiontothe spiritoftheworld,shouldthinkof warfirstandprimarilyintermsof justice.Wheneverthereisjustice thereisfreedom,butwhenthereisfreedom,thereisnotalwaysjustice.There canbefreedomwithoutjustice-and (hatisthebasicreasonwhythereis warto-day:menwantingtobefree fromdiscipline,andparticularlyfrom dependenceontheJusticeofGoi

ItisindeedinterestingthatOur Lordneverpraisedthosewhosought freedomapartfromjustice.Never didHesay:"Blessedaretheywho hungerandthirstafterfreedom,"but Blesedaretheywhohungerandthirst afterjustice"(Matt.v.,6),and"Blessedaretheythatsufferpersecutionfor justice'ssake,fortheirsisthekingdomofheaven"(Matt.v.,10).Let usthen,inthenameofGod,stoptalkingaboutfreedomuntilwedecidewhy wewanttobefree;letus,whenthe worldhasgonemadwithfreedom alienatedfromthelawofGod,unfurl theflagofjustice-thenweshallle free:"Seekyefirstthekingdomof GodandHisjusticeandallthese thingsshallbeaddeduntoyou"(Matt. vi.,33).

Secondly,sincetheGodofJusticeis theGodofCharity,itfollowsthatalthoughawarmaybejustified,onemay notenterintoitinaspiritofhate.We toooftenidentifywhatisreallyasin againstcharitywithaloveofjustice. Itispreciselyagainstthisdivorceof justiceandcharitythattheChurch cautionsus,evenintimesofwar.If youhavereadtheutterancesofthe HolyFatheryouwillnotehowlaceunto hisMasterheneverseparatesthecondemnationofinjusticefromtheplea forcharityandprayer-thehatredof enmityfromtheloveofenemy.Justicemaydemand,inhistory,physical resistancetoanaggressor'sphysics"!assault;butcharitydemandsthatwe prayforhisconversionfromhisonslaughtagainstthemoralityandjusticeofGod.

NEARINGTHEEND.

TheNo.93CharitiesConsultation willsoonbeclosing.Ifyouhaven't gotyourticketsyet,don'tdelayany longer.Thismaybeyourlucky sweep.Younevercantell.Thefirst prizeis£6,000,andtheticketsareonly 2/6.

PAPALSARCOPHAGUSTOGO THROUGHST.PETER'SFOUNDATION.

Thesarcophaguswhichistocontain thebodyofPopePiusXIinthepermanenttombnownearingcompletion inthecryptofSt.Peter'sistoobig totakedownthestairsbythealtar andtoobigtolowerthroughtheround openinginthepavementofthebasilica.

Thedifficultywillbeovercome, VaticanRadiostates,bytakingthe sarcophagusthroughtheopeningin thefoundationofSt.Peter'swhichwas madetoremovethematerialtakenout inthepreparationofthetombandin excavationsnowbeingundertakenin thecrypt.

Thesarcophagusisnowonitsway toRomefromMilan,whereitwas made.

M1158-Telephones-L1460

MEAD,SON&CO.

moanDIRECTORS.

190ALBANYROAD,VIC.PARK.

33CANNINGHIGHWAY.

WeCanDoitAgain

SCENE Rome January,200

A.D. SeveralCatholics,standingon aloftygallery,gazingdownonthe ancientpagancityofRome First Catholic:"Howcanweevermake city,thisempire,Christian?Weare butahandful.Thepeople,theleadersareunitedagainstus.Itseems thatourhopeofaChristianRome maybebutabeautifuldreamafter all" SecondCatholic:"Ifwedependedsolelyonnaturalmeans,that mightbeso.ButwehaveChrist.By ourprayers,oursacrifices,ourmartyrdoms,wecanandwewill,withChrist's aid,changethefaceoftheeartn.I believethisgreatcity,thisfar-flung empirewillonedaybeChristian.See thosethrongsbelowuswendingtheir waytothetemplesofJupiterand Minerva.Ibelievetheirdescendants inthenotdistantfuturewillbefollowersofJesusandMary."

January,1941 Internationalleaders.writers,lecturersarethinkingand talkingofthepost-warworld Mark Sullivanassertsthereisaformidable groupinBritainandaninfluential groupintheUnitedStates."whowish tousethewarasameansofbringing aboutsomeformofpermanentSocialist economyintheirrespectivecountries." DorothyThompsonisexhibiting sympathyfortheideaofaSocialist BritainandaSocialistUnitedStates afterthewar.ShesaysthatSocial. isminBritainandintheUnited States-willbegoodSocialism....Communistsareplanningforapost-war Communistworld. Outsidethe CatholicChurch,thereappearstobe noseriousefforttofacethefact thepresentworldcrack-upisadirect resultofthewidespreadapostasyfrom Christ. Thepost-warworldmust bebuiltonChristoritwillperishas wretchedlyasthiseraisperishing... Now,dealingwithChristmeansdealingwiththeCatholicChurch,forthe

CatholicChurchistheonlyorganisationonearthauthorisedtospeakfor Christ. AndtheinternationalleadersdonotwanttogivetheCatholic Churchanyvoiceinworldaffairs.. Engineers,whenresurrectingafallen bridge,getridofitsstructuralfaults, butinternationalleaders,engagedin rearinganewworldorder,retainthe faultydesignofthepreviousorder. Thereasonforthecontradictoryattitudesisthataneworder,unlikea bridge,mustbebasedonChristian moralandethicalprinciplesifitisto endure,andtheleadersarenotoverfondofChristianprinciples..Notin practice. Whenthenew-worldbuildersof1919weredrawingtheir beautifulblueprints,theywouldnot admitBenedictXVtotheirconferences,notevenasaconsultingarchitect.

Thedeformedworldtheybegotis nowhurtlingtoahorribleend... January,1941 SeveralCatholics indiscussion..FirstCatholic:"How canweevermakethepost-warworld Christian?Wearepowerless.The vastmajorityofthepeople,theleaders,thewriters,thelecturers,are practicallyallunitedagainstus?We are,incomparison,butafew. It seemsthatourhopeofaChristian worldmaybebutabeautifuldream afterall." SecondCatholic:"Ifwe dependedonlyonnaturalmeans,that mighthetrue.ButwehaveChrist. Byourprayers,ourzeal,oursacrifices, wecan,withChrist'said,changethe faceoftheearth.TheearlyChristiansdidnothavethepeople,the leaders,thewriters,theoratorswith them.Thepaganworldwasunited solidlyagainstthem.Yetthoseearly Christianssteppedoutofthecatacombs,andalteredthewholecourseof humanhistory.TheybuiltaChristianworldorder.Iftheydidit,so canwe.Wemustdoit.Mankind willperishifitdoesnotsoonreturnto Christ."--TheParader,in'lAmerica."

TheScholarandConversion

WeCatholicshaveprettywellresignedourselvestoprejudiceandmisunderstandingonthepartofourfellow-citizens.Weknowthat,asNewmanobservedinhisowndayandas istrueinours,theProtestanttraditionhasastrangle-holdonourpublic life.Yetstrangleholdshavebeen broken.Andtherearesignsthatthis particularoneisintheprocessofbeing brokennow.ManyofourbestnonCatholicscholarsseemabsolutelysincereintheirattitudetowardtheCatholicChurchandreallyeagertothink betterofusthantheydo.Sometime agoanoutstandingprofessorofeducationaladministration,who,youmight think,shouldhaveknownbetter,expresstdsurprisethatCatholicsshould goto'allthattroubletoconduct,as hethought,aninferiorsystemof schools,whentheymightjustaswell sendtheirchildrentothepublic schoolsandimpartthenecesdaryreligiousinstructiononSundays,asdid hisownProtestantdenomination.Apparentlyhehadneverheardourline ofreaosningonthesubject.Afterall, howcouldhehavedoneso,without readingCatholicperiodicalsandother literature?Incidentally,whenhis statementabouttheinferiorityofCatholicschoolswaschallenged,headmittedthathewasmerelyexpressing animpressiongatheredfromlimited 'personalcontacts.Itisevidgntly ourbusinesstocombatthembya campaignofenlightment.Hereour greatestdifficultyseemstobethatof gettingahearing. ThatthismildlyFavourableorat leasttolerantattitude(quiteastep forwardfromtheratheruniversalbigotrystillwithinthememoryofliving man)shouldbethepreludetoaperiod ofmoreorlesswholesaleconversionto theChurch,isthespokenorunspoken hopeofmanyCatholics.Forthe

BRYANT&WATERS

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nonce,however,itwerewelltotempersuchoptimismwithafewrealistic considerations.Itisnoteasyformen whohavelongbeen'accustomedtoindependenceofthoughtandactionto makeasolemnprofessionwhereby theysurrendertherighttobetheir ownlastcourtofappealinmattersof faithandmorals,nortobindthemselvestoamultitudeofobservances. Therearealsotobeconsideredthe difficulties,commontoallprospective converts,arisingfromRtmilyties,as wellasthepotentiallossofprestige whichthescholarhastoface,forhe knowsthatmanyofhiscolleagueswill notjudgehisactionfavourably.Perhapsfewreallyoutstandingmenwould bedeterredbysuchconsiderations consciouslyentertained,butwhatindirecteffecttheyhaveondecision takenordeferredisanothermatter.

Inthelastanalysisweshallhaveto recallafundamentaltruth:thatfaith isafreegiftofGodandthat,even thoughitmaybepreparedforincertainways,thosewaysareprimarily moralratherthanintellectual.

THOUGHTSFORTHEWEEK.

Sunday:Ifyouhavenocharityyour soulisnotmuchbetterthanadisinfectant-itservesonlytokeepyourflesh freefromtheactionofbacteria.

Monday:Whyshouldweexpectto beexemptfrompainandsuffering whenChristhadnoplacetorestHis head,andwasreviledandcrucified.If weexpectnothingthenweshallnotbe disappointed;weshouldhavenofear, andweshallneverbeindanger.

Tuesday:OurLordseemstotake everyopportunitytomakeusunderstandthatsanctitydependsonloving intercoursewithHimself:thespirit ofprayerandlovingdependenceupon God;theaccomplishmentoftheduties ofourstate.

Wednesday:Thecrownoftribulationhasblossomedintoacrownof gloryandagarlandofjoy.-Roman Missal.

Thursday:IAholylifedoesnotpreventusfromfeelingforthetroublesof others,orgivingthehearttoevery generousemotion.-Montalambert.

Friday:ThelawofChrist,whichisa lawoflove,compelsustoahigherand anoblerstandardofmoralintegrity thancananymerelylegalsystem,with itsdetailedcommandsandprohibitionsimposedunderpenalties.

Saturday:Evenwhenthingsseem blueandwecannotseethesunshine weshouldremember"thereisnevera shadowwithoutsunshine."

thatspeltvictoryforthe respectiveteams.

BillAlderman,oflastyear'sAquinas team,wasresponsibleforagooddouble-34notoutand3for44.

AgoodinningswasthatofHeason, whocompiled51notoutforNorth Perth.ThisladshowedgreatpromisewhenplayinginDarlotCupmatchesforScotch,andheshoulddowell nowthathehasshownhisbestform.

Whatevermayhappenintheforthcomingmatches,thefinalistswillbe NorthPerthandWestPerth.This pairshouldprovideagoodmatch,but, onpaper,Northsappearthebetterallroundcombination.

DARLOTCUPCOMPETITION.

Thematchesinconnectionwiththe PublicSchools'Associationaredueto startonMarch26.Theyare:Aquinas Collegev.ScotchCollege,atW.A.C.A.; GuildfordGrammarSchoolv.Hale,at Guildford.

TheDarlotCupisatpresentheldby AquinasCollege,andtheRedand Blackswillplaceagoodall-roundteam inthefieldforthisyear'scontest.

BOXING

LASTROUNDSOFFAMOUS FIGHTS.

FitzsimmonsandCorbett,March17, 1897.Round14: Corbettlandedhisleftagainon Fitz'shead.Fitz.counteredwithaterriblerightswingonCorbett'sneck,and hehadCorbettgoingbadforafew seconds.Fitz.landedaterrificleft onCorbett'sstomach,andJimwentto hiskneeswithafrightfullookofagony onhisface.Thetimekeeperscalled theseconds,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-out; butCorbettcametohisfeetandrushed Fitzsimmonsandendeavouredtostrike him.Thetimeforthatroundwas lmin.40sec.

Jeffries-Fitzsimmons,July25,1902.

Round8:

Bobstoodupstraight,feintingwith hisleft,anddrawingJeff.on.Jeffries smiledthroughhisbloodyfeatures, duckingaleftswingandlandinga hardleftontheribs.Jeffriesforced thefightingatthisstage,crouching low,carryinghisrighthighandhisleft farback.Theyrushedtoaclinch.As Fitzsimmonssteppedbackhesmiled andspoketoJeff.,andbeforehecould getoutofreach,Jeff.quicklyhooked hislefttothejaw.Fitz.wentdown onhisbackandbeforehecouldgetup hewascountedout.

Jeffries-Corbett,August141903.

Round10:

Jeffriesstoodstraightupandwent afterhismanwithouthesitation.Corbettseemedtobewagingawaiting tight.Theyexchangedleftstothe face,andJeff.madeaviciouseffort. Hesentalefthooktothestomach,and Corbettwentdownfornine.Hegot upandreceivedalefttothestomach andarighttothejaw.Hewentdown heavily,andatthecountofseven, TommyRyan,whowasCorbett'schief second,threwinthetowel.Corbett wassufferingpainandachairwas broughtforhim.Afteramoment's restherevived,gotup,andshook handswithJeffries.

Johnson-Jeffries,July,1910.Round 15: Theyrushedstraightintoaclinch. Johnsonwriggledoutofit,andhooked alefttothejaw,Jeffriesclinching promptly.Johnsonwhippedthreelefts tothejaw,andJeff.reeled.Thenegro, realisingthattheendwasnear,rushed hismantoapointneartheropes,and witharightonthejaw,followedby

SPORTINGQUIZ.

AnswerstoLastWeek'sQuestions.

1.Ifthestrikerplaystheballon totheground,andwhenitis comingbackintohiswicket,he deliberatelykicksitaway,he wouldonappealbe"notout."

2.Theworld'srecordforagreyhoundover400yardsis201-16, bySilverChief,in1938,

3.Ifagolfer'scaddyremoves theflagstickfromtheholebeforetheplayerputts,andthe ballmissestheholebutstrikes thestickheldbythecaddy,the playerlosestheholeinmatch play.Instrokeplaythepenaltywouldbetwoholes.

4.GeneTunneyandJackDempseyattractedtherecord"gate" foraworld'schampionshipfight

5.AforeignermustliveinAus. traliatwelvemonths,tobe eligibletofightforanAustraliantitle. ThisWeek's'Questions.

1.WhichMelbourneCupwinnerwasallotted13st.whenenteredforaCaulfieldGrandNationalSteeplechase?

2.Thebatsmanareattempting athirdrun,whenthewicketis brokenbyafieldsmanwiththe hallinhand.Eachbatsman.is outofhisground.(1)Which batsmanwouldyougiveout: (2),wouldyouallowanyruns forthestroke?

3.OnlyoneWestralianhaswon theworld'sgreatestprofessional footrace-theStawellGift. Namehim.

4.Whatisthesmallwhiteball usedinbowlscorrectlycalled?

5.NameaWestralianwhorepresentedAustraliaatbreaststrokeswimmingattheOlympicGamesheldatStockholmin 1912.

anuppercut,heknockedJeffriesflat uponhisback.Thewhitemantook thecountofnine.Ashestruggledup Johnsonwasathimagain,pilingon blowafterblowandalmostknocking Jeffriesoutofthering.Thistimethe referee'scountwasslower,andJeff. managedtogettohisfeetinadazed andhelplesscondition.Johnsonrushedhimacrosstheropes,swingingright andlefttothehead.Ahooktothe jawfinallytumbledJeffriesinaheap onthefloor.

Dempsey-Firpo,July4.1919.Round 2: Dempseyrushedoutofhiscorner. Thechampion,highlyexcited,glided incloseonthewaitingFirpo,andrakedhimwithshort-armrightsandlefts. Heglided,pantherlikeafterprey,but wasmetwithacrashingright p the bodyandwentintoaclinch.Onthe breakDempseysteppedquicklyback andlandedtwodamaginglefthooks. Dempseydughisleftintothebodyand shottworightuppercuts,followedby alefttothebody,andFirpojumped intoaclinch.Dempseyshookhimoff anddroveinshort-armblows.Firpo sanktothecanvas.

Thecountreachedfive,whenFirpo roseandlashedoutalongrighttothe neck.Dempseygotinsidealeftlead withshortarmjolts.Inclose,Dempseydrovehisleftmaulerdeepinto Firpo'smid-section.'Onbackingaway hecrashedashortarmrighttothe jaw.Firpowentdownlikeapole. axedsteer.Helaymotionlessfortwo secondsandthenstartedtowritheand twistconvulsively:Herolledoveron hisback,drewuponekneeinagony, andwascountedout.

Dempsey--Carpentier,July2,1921. Round4: Dempseyopenedwithaheavyright smashtothebody,andfollowedwitha volleyofrightsandleftstothebody andchin.Carpentiercameinclose, andDempseyknockedhimdownwith aright-handertothejaw.Justasthe refereecountednine,Carpentier..;,,tto hisfeetwithasuddenjumpandresumedfighting,whichwassettingstrongly againsttheFrenchman.Hemadea dyingeffortwithhisfamousrighthand punch,butitwasblockedbyDempsey, whothenrushedinathisopponent andwithaseriesofheavyrightsto theribs,andaleftuppercuttothe chin,soonhadCarpentierontherun. Dempseydroveasavageright-hander overhisopponent'sheart,andCarpentierdoubledupinpain.Dempsey againswunghisrighttothejawofthe challenger,andforthesecondtimethe Frenchmanmeasuredhislengthonthe floor.Heremainedquitestillafter theknock-down.Hemadenomove-

Thursday,March13,1941.

mentuntilthecounthadreached eight.Hethenraisedhislegsinan efforttogetonhisfeet,andwhilehis bodywasswayinginanevidentattempttoregainhisfeethewascounted out.

ATHLETICS

Closeon150runnersfromallparts oftheCommonwealthhaveenteredfor the64th.AnnualStawellEasterGift (130yards),thechiefeventofthecarnivaltobeheldatStawellonEaster SaturdayandEasterMonday.

NotedperformersinAustinRobertson,LenSprague,andJackGrantare amongthoseentered.Nominations notonlyexceedthoseoflastyear,115, butaregreaterthanforyearspast. Othereventsontheprogrammehave beenliberallypatronised.

TENNIS

'FredPerrySays:-

Thefundamentalstrokeofthegame istheforehanddrive.Withouta back-handoravolley,itispossibleto playtennisofarestrictedandcrippled sort;withoutaforehanditisimpossibletoplaythegameatall.With nineoutoftenplayers,theforehandis thewing,whencetheattackingstrokes come;few,indeed,aretheywhouse theoppositeonefrompreference.The forehanddriveisthebase,onwhich oneswholegameiserected;ifthat fallstherestcrasheswithit.

Someadvice:Do--ourbesttohead vancingtowardstheballasyouplay yourstroke,andsoarrangeYouradvancethatittakesyousufficiently wideoftheballtopreventyourstroke frombeingcramped,andtoenableyou toplayitwiththewrist,slightlybelow therackethead.

Remember,aboveeverything,thatif youhavetogetdowntoalowshot, itisthekneesandbodythatmust bendtoit,fortheheadoftheracket mustnotdrop.

Ibelievethattheplain-hitforehand driveisthebestbasisforyourgame. Tosomeplayers,variations,suchas top-spin,sliceandchop,comenaturally.Ibelieveifaplayerisstillyoung enoughtolearn,heshould,atanycost intimeandtrouble,mastertheplain drive.Theothersareusefulonoccasions,whenthesurfaceissuitableor whenone'sopponentdeteststhembuttheyshouldberegardedasavariationinthethemeofyourgame.

Footwork:Youmustlearntobring therightfootwellforward,andacross infrontoftheother.Howfaracross canonlybelearnedfromexperience, anddependsequallyonthepathof theballandtheintendedwayofdeal. ingwithit.

Remember,roundthatlegmustgo towardsthestrikeoftheball,orthe strokeisdoomed,inadvance,tohe crampedanduncontrolled.

STURMERandSON (LateHanlon's), BAKERS.

4 90JOHNSTREET,NORTH FREMANTLE. (Tel.2739.) PrizeWinnersRoyalShow. DeliveriesThroughoutFremantle.

SPRINTCYCLES 554ALBANYROAD, VICTORIAPARK.

RADIOS,NEWANDUSED.

EasyTerms-£1Deposit. 'PHONE:M1582.

ALEXRODOREDA

TurfCommissionAgent 802HAYSTREET.

AGENTFORW.A.CHARITIES. RingB5841andB5236.

NORTHAM.

E.0.TRESISE, M.P.S.,S.A.andW.A. MANUFACTURINGAND DISPENSINGCHEMIST. ForServiceandQuality. TclAlNortham.

T.A.GRAHAM WESTENDBAKERY FORBETTERBREAD ServiceandSatisfaction. 154FITZGERALDSTREET. NORTHAM.

RACING

TheW.A.TurfClubwillconducta meetingatHeadquartersonSaturday. Theprogramme,withaThoth-ways" tipforeachevent,is:-

HarvestHandicap(5furlongs):Miss Dorion.

MaidenPlate(7furlongs):Karawea. ArmadaleHandicap(6furlongs): DearBrutus.

SummerPlate(7furlongs):Nodite. VincentHandicap(11miles)letbury.

KalamundaHandicap:SkyWarden.

MyearlyfanciesfortheDoncaster Handicap-SydneyCupdoublearethe Sydney-trainedpair,AmiableandFeminist.

AmiableistheAustralasianmilerecordholder(1.341).Atherbestsheis agreatgalloper,andIhavereasonto believethatsheisbeingspeciallytrain edfortheDoncaster.

TworacesrecentlyshowthatAmiableisregainingtheformsheshowed 12monthsagoinMelbournewhenshe defeatedHighCasteandAjaxinthe C.M.LloydStakesandranherrecord mile.-"TheClubman."

Mr.E.P.Walker,owneroftheunbeatenSydneytwo-year-oldYaralla,is notafraidofAllLove.Hethinkshis coltwillbeatherintheIA.J.C.Sires' ProduceStakesonEasterSaturday.

"Iknowwhatmycoltcando,"he said."Hehasnotbeentestedin threewins.TrainerCush,jockey McMenaminandmyselfhavealready plannedhowtobeatthefilly.We'll letherdothepacemaking,andIthink myfellowwilloutstayher."-"The rlubman."

Astheseasonprogressesitisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttonamethe hestthree-year-old.FirstitwasPandect,thenLucrative.Andnow-well. 'tmightbeTranquilStar.

Itseemsthatitwillbelefttothe A.J.C.St.Legertodecidethetitleholder.Inanycase,thelocalsdominatetheposition,withTranquilStar appearingtohavetheedgeonher rivals.-"Ormond."

See"TheHawk's"SelectionsforRacingandTrottingelsewhereinthisissue.

DesMcCormackhasmadeseveral successfultripstoSouthAustraliaand ifallgoeswellhisvisitwithDark Davidshouldbesuccessful.

HeintendstotaketheoldDavid geldingtoOakbankfortheGreatEasternSteeplechaseonEasterMonday. ShereKhanwillalsomakethetripand withthepairMcCormickappearsto holdastronghand.

DarkDavidissomethingofamarcel.Now12yearsold,heisimprovingwithage.Afterprovinghimself asahurdlerhetooktofencinglikea ducktakestowaterandwontheAustralianSteeplechaseathisfirstappearanceasa'chaser.-"Parkside."

"DARBY"OR"DERBY."

LordDerbywasaskedhowhepronouncedthename"Derby"or"Darby." Thegreatsportsmansaidthathisfamilyhadbeenpronouncingit'Darby" forsomehundredsofyears,andhebelievedtheywouldgoondoingit.

"TheDerby"wasfoundedbyLord Derby'sancestors.RecentlyanAmericansportingwritertookhiscountrymentotaskformispronouncingthe nameofthefamousEnglishfamily. "Thefactthatthiscountryacquired thenameandtaskeditontovarious assortedthree-year-oldraces,isnotreasonenoughtojustifyamispronounced version."

However,asonewitrecentlyremarked,"Idon'tcarewhetherit'sa'Derby' ora'Darby,'solongasIpickthewinner."

TROTTING

TherewillbeameetingatGloucesterParkonSaturday.TheprogrammewillconsistofaBreeders'Handicap,11miles,andaDividedHandicap,sixraces,forthe21class,over.1 mile5furlongs.

EASTERCARNIVAL.

TheEasterCupwillbedecidedin divisionsonthenightsofApril5and 12,withthefinalonMondaynight, April14. Theeventisopentoall horseswhohavewonatPerth,Fremantle,orKalgoorlie,andwhoare. handicapped2.20andbetter.The EasterHandicap,whichwillbedecided onthefourthandconcludingnight, April19,isforhorseshandicapped2.16 andbetterwhostartinCupdivisions, andwillbeovertwomiles.

ofauthorisation,andmust beTypewrittenorinBlockLetters.

CONTRACTRATESforgeneraladvertisingonapplicationtothe AdvertisingManager.

TheManagementreservetherighttorefuseanyadvertisementit deemsobjectionable,andacceptsnoresponsibilityforanylosssustained hornerrorswhichma,appearina&ornsernsois.

AllenquiriesconcerningAdvertisementsshouldbeaddressedtothe ADVERTISINGMANAGER,"THERECORD,"950HAYSTREET,PERTH, WestAustralia.

CATECHISM

LENT.

Q.Whatistheoriginoftheword Lent?

A.LentcomesfromanoldEnglish word,lenten,"meaningspring-the seasonofLentcoincidingwiththeseasonofspring.

Q.WhatisLentitself?

A.Lentisatimeofpreparationfor theChristianPasch.

Q.WhatismeantbytheChristian Pasch?

A.TheChristianPaschisthecommemorationofthePassion,Deathand ResurrectionofOurSaviour.The threedays,GoodFriday,HolySatur dayandEasterSunday,thusform,in thewordsofSt.iMigustine,asacredtriduumboundtogetherbythetwogreat realitiesintheeconomyofMan'sRedemption,viz:thePassionandResur. rectionofChrist.Christ"bydying hathovercomeour(spiritual)death, andbyrisingagainhathrestoredour life(ofgraceandblessedness)"(the PaschalPreface).

Q.Howlongdidthatpreparation fortheChristianPaschoriginallylast?

A.Foraperiodoffortydays,from thefirstSundayinLenttoGoodFriday,thebeginningoftheChristian Pasch.

TheSecretoftheMassoftheFirst SundayinLentopenswiththese words:"WesolemnlyoffertheSacrifice ofthebeginningofLent."

Q.FromwhataspectthenisChrist viewedinthePaschalCycle?

A.ChristisregardedinthePaschal CycleinHischaracterasDestroyerof sinandGiverorSourceoflifeeternal.

Q.InviewofthisaspectofChrist, whatisthecorrespondingdutywhich theliturgyimpressesonus?

A.Wemustdepartfromthewaysof sinandbyenteringintounionwith Christreceivethelifeofgracewhich conductsustolifeeternal.Wemust dietosinwithChristupontheCross thatwemayrisewithHimtoanew lifeofgraceonResurrectionmorning.

Q.Howisthicdeparturefromsin andthisunionwithChristbrought about?

A.Itwasfirsteffectedinourbaptism,wheninthelanguageofSt.Paul wewereburiedwithChristinthefont androsefromthefontwithHimtoa newlifeofgrace.Lentwasthetime ofpreparationforbaptism-aresurrectiontoanewlife.

Thedeparturefromsinandthe unionwithChristareconstantlyeffectedwhenwedopenanceforsinandare restoredtograce.Lentwasthespecialtimeofpreparationofpublicsinnersforabsolutionfromsin-aresurrectionofthesoulfromdeathtolife.

CALENDAR.

Sunday,March23.FourthSundayin Lent.VioletorRose.Semi-double.Creed.LentenPreface. Laetare("Rejoice")Sundayoffersus arestinthemidstoftheLentenobservance.Wearesoontoriseagain withJesusthroughconfessionand EasterCommunion.

Monday,March24:St.Gabriel,Arch. angel.White.Double-major.2, Feria.Creed.LentenPreface.Last GospelofFeria. St.GabrielwaschosenbyGodtoannouncetoMarythatshewastobe theMotherofChrist.

Tuesday,March25:Annunciationof B.V.M.White.Doubleoffirst class.2,Feria.Creed.Prefaceof B.V.M.LastGospelofFeria. OnthisdaytheWordwasmade fleshanddweltamongus,unitingfor evermoreourrumannaturetothe Divinenature.TheMysteryofthe Incarnationbringsvividlybeforeus theboundlesscondescensionandhumilityofGodtheSoninstoopingto ourconditioninordertobeourSaviour.Equallyitproclaimstheglory andgreatnessofMary,whowaschosen togivetotheDivineWordhuman fleshandhumanbirth,andsotocooperatewithGodintherestorationof mankind.Hencehermostglorious titleof"MotherofGod,"whichexplainsallherglories,hersanctityand herhonour.

Wednesday,March26:Feria.Violet.

Simple.

Thursday,March27:St.JohnDamascene,ConfessorandDoctorofthe Church.White.Double.2,Feria. Creed.

FilledwithdivineknowledgeSt. JohnwrotehisworkswhicharedirectedagainsttheIconoclastsindefence oftheholyiamages.Hisrighthand, cutoff,wasmiraculouslyrestored.He diedA.D.754.

Friday,March28:St.JohnofCapistran,Confessor.White.Semidouble.2,Feria.

Saturday,March29:Feria.Violet.

Simple.

Sunday,March30:PassionSunday.

Violet.Semi-double.Prefaceof theCross.

LentenRegulationsfor1941

SUMMARYOFTHEREGULATIONSFORFASTAND ABSTINENCE.

1.OnFASTdays,thoseboundtofastareallowedone fullmealatmid-dayorintheevening.Inaddition,theyare allowedtwolightmeals-oneofabouteightounces,andthe otheroftwoorthreeounces.Anykindoffood,andhence evenfleshmeat,maybeusedatallthreemealsprovided,at thetwosmallmeals,thelimitofeightandtwoorthree ouncesrespectivelybenotexceeded.

2.OnABSTINENCEdays,fleshmeatandmeatsoupare forbidden.

3.Lardanddrippingmaybeusedondaysofabstinence, providedtheybeusedmerelyasacondimentorseasoning.

4.Friday,unlessitbeaHolidayofObligation,isaday ofabstinence.

5.AshWednesdayandtheFridaysinLentandEmber weeksaredaysoffastandabstinence.

6.Mondays,Tuesdays,Wednesdays,ThursdaysandSaturdaysinLent,andtheWednesdaysandSaturdaysinQuarter'tensearcdaysoffastwithoutabstinence.

7.ThereisnofastorabstinenceonSundaysorHolidays ofobligation.

8.St.Patrick'sDayisexemptfromfast;ifitfallsona Friday,itisnotexemptfromtheabstinence.

9.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirseventhyearare boundbythelawofabstinence.

10.Thosexvhohavecompletedtheirtwenty-firstyearare boundbythelawoffasting;theyceasetobeboundbyitwhen theyhavebeguntheirsixtiethyear.

11.Thosewhoareindelicatehealth.orwhoareengaged inexhaustingwork.arenotboundtofast.Ofcourse,those whoareseriouslyillarenotboundbyeitherfastorabstinence.

12.OnthedaysmentionedinNo.6,thosewhoarenotbound tofastarenotlimitedbythelaweitherastothequalityor quantityofthefoodtheywishtotake.

13.TheLentenFastandAbstinenceceaseatnoonon HolySaturday.

TheBushies'

Corner

DearCccrterites,--(Tamlorrowisthefeastofavery greatSaintoftheChurch,who livedalmost1,400yearsago. St.Benedictwasofanoble Italianfamily,andasaboy wenttothepublicschoolin Rome.Butthewickedness oftheyoungRomansscared Benedictandhefledtothe desertmountainsofSubiaco, andlivedforthreeyearsthere inadeepcraggycave.The onlypersonwhoknewhis whereaboutswasaholymonk, Romanus,whoclothedhim withthemonastichabitand broughthimfood.Butsoon thefameofhissanctity spreadabroadanddisciples flockedtohim.Manypar. entsbroughttheirchildrento him.Itwashewhotrained St.MaurusandSt.Placid whentheywereyetchildren. St.Benedictbuilttwelve monasteriesinSubiaco,and thenfoundedanabbeyin MonteCassino,wherehe wrotetheruleofthenew BenedictineOrder,andwhere heeventuallydied.By prayerheworkedmiracles, sawvisionsandmademanyprophecies.Whenhefellgravelyillhewas broughtintothechapel,andhavingre. ceivedHolyCommunionhediedpeacefully.InWesternAustraliatheOrder ofSt.Benedictwasthefirsttosetup amissiontothenatives,firstatSubiaco,whichwasnamedaftertheoriginalmoataeriesofSt.Benedictin Italy,andateratNewNorcia,where theirgoodworkisbeingcontinuedby theSpanishBenedictines. AUNTBESSY.

ST.BENEDICT, FounderoftheBenedictineMonastic Order,whoseFeastisonMarch21. thatwouldhelptheLemonadeBottle alongalittlebit,wouldn'tit?However,veryfeware,buteverylittle theyaresoldforhelpsalittlebitfurthertowardsourgoal.

AUNTBESSY.

0411M0.11.0.114

STAMPS.

1143.10.16M, 0.1=1,0(

OURGOAL-4100.

Asyouallknowthisyear'sObjectiveisagain£100,andthoughthework beganwellatthebeginningoftheyear therehasbeenaseriousfallingoffof supportduringthepastfewweeks. Nowifthosewhohavesogenerously supportedtheappealinthepastdo notcomeforwardtohelpalittle,Iam afraidweshallnothave£100forthe I3ushies'Schoolattheendoftheyear, andthatwouldindeedbeverydisappointing.Theseschoolsaredoing marvellousworkforoutbackchildren whohavenotthesplendidopportunitiesoflearningaboutthefaithashave thosechildrenwholiveinthecityand townshipswheretherearenumerous Catholicschools.Itisverynecessary thatweshouldmakeuptothemin somewayfortheopportunitiesthey aremissing.They,too,mustbetaught toknow,love,andserveGod,andthey dependonusforalittlehelpinthis regard.Iknowtherearemanycalls onyoursparepenniesjustnow,but don'twipetheBushiesoffyourdonationlistaltogether.Makeitapracticetosendsomethingeveryweek,or atleasteverymonth,fortheLemonade Bottle.jAttheendofeverythree monthsIwillpublishtheamountin hand,sothatyouwillseejustwhere westandandhowmuchmoreisneeded.Dosendinyourdonationnowor writeinforaprickcardonwhichto collectpenniesfortheBushiesfrom yourfriends.

DearAuntBessy,-Kindlyfindenclosed5s.Wouldyouacceptthisin honourofSt.JosephfortheBusbies foraspecialintention.

ALOVEROFTHESCHEME.

DearLoveroftheScheme,-Thank youeversomuchforsendingalong yourgenerousdonation.Asyousee, theLemonadeBottlehasbeenvery neglectedinrecentweeks,butIhope thatwillberemediedandmorethan madeupforduringthecomingweeks. Youhavealwaysbeengeneroustothe BusbiesandIamalwaysverygladto bearfromyouagain. AUNTBESSY.

DearAuntBessy,--YesterdayIwent toSt.Patrick'sSportsandhadagreat time.Ididn'twinmyracethough. Icamefifth,whichisn'ttoobadreally, isit?Iwentdowninthemorning withtwoofmyfriendsandwehad lunchdownthereandstayedtilllate intheafternoon.Thedrilllooked great.Didyougo,AuntBessy?I havenearlyfilledinmyprickcardand willletyouhaveitassoonasIdo. Iamalsosavingsomestampsandhave somegoodforeignonesamongthem.I hopetheyarevaluable. WARRIOR.

DearWarrior,-IwaseversodisappointedwhenIcouldn'tgotothe sportsonSaturday,butI'mgladyou hadsuchanicetime.I,too,hope someofthestampsarevaluablP,for

Usedstampsmaybesentinto theCorner.Thesearesoldandthe moneygoesintotheLemonade Bottleandhelpstowardsthetotal attheendoftheyear-IfyoucannothelptheCornerinanyother waysendalongsmalldonationsof stampsasfrequentlyasyoucan. .41=1.0 .0=.0.

CARDBOARDBRIGADE.

Theformationofthe1941Brigadehasnowbeenbegunandthe Cornerwouldwelcomehardened warriorsorrawrecruitsonapplicationtoHeadquarters.Theywill beacceptedonthestrengthof theirenthusiasmfortheCauseof theBusbiesandontheirwillingnesstohuntdownthenecessary thirtypenniesthatwillmaketheir collectingcardeffectiveforthe captureofthe1941objective.A nom-de-plumemaybeusedforletterstotheCorner,butallapplicationsforcardsmustbeaccompaniedbyfullnameandaddress.

LEMONADEBOTTLE.

AcknowledgedWithThanks. s.d.

LkLoveroftheScheme 50

SAVEMONEYonStovesCoppers Baths,BathHeaters,andrepairstoaL Stoves.W.A.STOVECOY.,cornet WellingtonandQueenStreets,Perth.

CATERER

Mrs.E.B.O'CONNELL

STIRLINGSOCIALROOMS, CornerHayandMilliganStreets, (Upstairs)

ALLCLASSESOFCATERING

PhoneB3491. PrivateB4940.

T.N.MURGATROYD

58ERICSTREET,COTTESLO HOUSERENOVATORPAINTER&DECORATOR.

'PHONE:F2054.

L.CHARLE:SWORTH, DIP.,D.S.

DentalSurgeon

UpholstererandCompleteHouseFurnisher.

REST, 135aFITZGERALDST NORTHPERTH.

OLDSUITESMADELIKENEW.

'PHONE:B7629.

Leatherette,boards,blindstampingsoncover, corners,flushedges No.1568/136:Fullleatherette,rededges No.1568/301:1A7nericanSeal,finegrain,limp,blindstampingson roundcorners,rededges

No.1568/303:AmericanSeal,giltedges No.1568/329:CrossGrainAmericanLeather,limp,goldtitle, corners,redundergoldedges

Pelleivini&u.1tg.0-.

776HAYSTREET,PERTH (oppositeFoyandGibson).

NEWPROTECTORFORCISTERCIANS.

CardinalFumasoniBiondi,secretary oftheS.CongregationofPropaganda Fide,hasbeenappointedProtectorof theCistercianOrder,saysRadioVatican.

RUSSIATOBLAMEFORWAR, SAYSU.S.JESUIT.

Vashington

"Thechainofdemoralisationthat hasstruckthemodernworldleadsdirectlybacktotheRussiancommissars whoconsideredChristtheirpersonal enemy,"saysDr.EdmundA.Walsh, S.J.,Vice-PresidPntofGeorgetown University.

Headdedthat"theattackfromthe Muscoviteleftwasansweredbythe riseofFascismontheright"and declaredthat"whateverexcessesthey (theNazis)havecommitted,Imust admitthattheprovocationandthe springboardintoFascismwasprovidedbyCommunism.

"Idon'tsaythatwhathappened aftertheoriginalresistancetoCommunismisjustified,"Dr.Walshsaid. "Muchofitisnotjustified.Butthe battleagainstCommunismwas.""Universe."

CHINAVICARIATEFACESCOLLAPSE.

Caracas.

BishoplOchoadelCarmen,O.RS.A VicarApostolicofKweiteh,China, visitingVenezuela,statedthatallthe schools,orphanagesandchurchesin hismissionareeitherruinedorare abouttocollapseonaccountofthewar.

TheBishopwasborninSpain,ordainedatPhiladelphiaandconsecrated atManila.

"WildBill"Donovanof theFightingSixty-Ninth

Weareinformedfromdaytoday bythecablementhatMr.William Donovan(WildBill)hasarrivedat BucharestorSofia,Belgrade,Istanbul orsomeotherNearEasterncentre.He isdescribedasatrustedagentofPresidentRoosevelt,gatheringfirst-hand informationfromGovernmentsforthe President'sprivateear.'Australians aredoubtfulwhatbrandofpolitics Donovanfavours.Actually,heisnot apoliticianbutasoldier.

Thisishowheisdescribedinthe Americanlanguage. ThestorygoesthatwhenAmerica lastcameintothiswar,in1917,there happenedtobeahandsomeyoung manhangingaroundBroadway.His namewasWilliamJosephDonovan, andhewasperfectlycontentwith Broadway,butwaslookingforsome fun.

Hejoinedthearmy.

Hedidsotosucheffectthatit wasn'tlongbeforePresidentWilson sentforhim,inamannerofspeaking, andsaid,"Nowlook,Bill.Thisarmy gamesuitsyoufine.Howaboutgettingsomemorefellowsthatthinkthe sameasyoudoandbundlingthemup togetherandwhipping'emintoshape andcallingthemaregiment?Let's see.We'vegot68regiments.Call yourstheSixty-Ninth,Bill."

Billdid.Hewentforhismento theEastSideofNewYork.HegrabbedeveryDeadEndKidinsight.He didn'thavetograbattheIrish.They wererightthereonthedoorstep,waitingforthefirstreveille BillDonovantookhisregimentto France,andtheretheyfoughtawonderfulbattle.Andanother.And another.AtLandres;intheBaccarat Sector;intheMeuse-ArgonneoffensivewhentheHunsbroke.

Whenthetransportssailedagainfor Broadway,Bill'sregimentwasknown throughoutthreearmiesastheFightingSixty-Ninth.AndBillwasknown asWildBill.

TheyputupastatueonBroadway totheregimentsasitwaspersonified toallgoodcitizensofManhattan,in thepersonofWildBill'sfriend,the heroicpriest-chaplain,FatherDuffy.

Peacecame.WildBilltameddown.

Hebecamealawyer.Andalthough youmightexpectthatfromhisearlier environmentandexperienceshewould makeoneofthoseflashy-fly-by-night WarrenWilliamlawyers,hedidn't.He wasagood,solid,sometimesbrilliant corporationlawyer.Hewasadistrict attorneyoftherightkind,too,forhe

KHAKI

OUTFITTINGbyCOGAN'S

EverythingtheSoldierwantsinthewayofMercery-everyitemof approvedhardwearingquality-pricedtomakethevaluebeyond compare.

SHIRTS,SOCKS,GLOVES, HANKS,COLLARS,TIES, SHORTS-GOLFHOSE

Cogans,too,tailorsUniformsforallServices-insucheffectivemannerastomakeeachgarmentdistinctivelysmarter.

COLONELDONOVAN RETURNS.

TalkWithSirSamuelHoare. Lisbon,March16. ColonelWilliamDonovan (whohasbeentouringEurope andtheMiddleEastforsome monthsonbehalfoftheUnited StatesGovernment)leftforthe UnitedStatesto-daybyclipper afteradiscussionwiththeBritishAmbassadortoSpain(Sir SamuelHoare),whounexpectedlyarrivedfromMadridseveraldaysago.

ItisunderstoodthatSirSamuelHoareisvisitingLisbonto discussthequestionoffood suppliesforSpain,Portugaland unoccupiedFrance.

wasselectedforcandidatefortheGovernorshipofNewYorkStatethetime GovernorLehmanngotin. Still,Billdidn'tforgethisfighting friends.Hehadcomehomefrom FrancewithtwoAmericanmedalsof honourandtheD.S.C.andtheLegion d'Honneur,butsomeofhisbuddies hadn'tcomeoutofitsowellandthey neededhelp,whichBillgave.In courtandincash. Nowheisonhiswayoveragain. Forthesecondtimehehasaspecial jobinEuropetodoforPresident Roosevelt.InAugust,1939,hewasin

EnglandtosmelloutNaziwitchcraft inhighplaces.Andhecertainlysucceeded,foronhisreturnheannounced'FemalemembersofBritishsociety wereinducedtolookkindlyuponHitler'saimsbytheflatteringattention ofahandsomeyoungGermanaristocrat."Thatwasbeforethewar.tle admittedthatsincethenthesewomen havereformed.

Thistriphismissionissecret,althoughWashingtondoesn'tminditunderstoodthatColonelDonovanmight beinterestedtohaveatalkwiththe Taoiseach,EamondeValera,about Irishreactionstothenavalbasesappeal.

PicturethenthefightingIrishman, nowplump,genial,atirelesstalker,in conferencewiththecautiousandmystical"Dev."

Theirmarriageofinterestsisperfect. Forbothwereborninthenewworld andhavefoughtfortheold.And bothareforIreland.

FIRSTVOLUMEISSUEDONEN-

CYCLOPAEDIAFORJAPAN.

ThefirstvolumeoftheCatholicJapaneseEncyclopaedia,onwhichthe TokioCatholicUniversityha;been workingforsomeyears,haile.enpre- sentedtotheHolyFatherbyCardinal FumasoniBiondi,SecretaryoftheS. CongregationofPropagandaFide,says VaticanRadio.Thevolumerunsto 846pagesandcontainsmanyillustrations.

OnedifficultywasthatmanyCatholictermswerenotknowninJapanese, asnotranslationsofseveralstandard works-includingpartsofScripture- hadbeenmade.

Thefirsteditionof3,000copieshas alreadybeensoldout.

PopePiusXIaskedtheuniversity toundertakethetask.ThelatePope alsoaskedPeking'sCatholicUniversity toprepareasimilarworkforChina and,despiteallthedifficultiesofwar, thisisbeingdone.