The Record Newspaper 13 March 1941

Ayoungfellowwasseenpickingup cigaretteendsandthenthrowingthem awayagain.Apasser-by,takingpity onthelad,said:"Hereyouare-here's acigarette."

Heaccepteditandthey,proceeded toremovethecorktip.

"Don'tyoulikecorktips?"saidthe stranger.

"Oh,yes,"repliedtheyouth,"but I'mgoingtojointheNavysoonand I'msavingthemtomakea1Lebeit."

* * * *

"MissGreen,doletmehelpyouto morepudding."

"Well,thanks,"saidtheyoung woman,"Iwilltakesomei,ore,but onlyamouthful,please."

"Bella,"saidthehostesstotheparlourmaid,"fillMissGreen'splate."

* * Theparsonmetoneofhisflockin thevillagestreet,andstoppedtospeak tohim.

"John,mygoodman,"hesaidseverely,"yourwifetellsmethatyour conductoflatehasnotbeenatalldesirable.Whydon'tyoutakealesson fromme?Icangotothevillageand comebackagainwithoutgetting drunk."

"Aye,mebbeyoucan,sir,"replied theother,"but,yesee,I'msaepopular." * * *

Baxterwasmakingacallonanold friend,butunfortunatelyhewasoneof thosepeoplewho,withthebestintentionsintheworld,alwaysmanageto saythewrongthing.

"Idodeclare,"hesaidtohisfriend's wife,"itquitecuresmetoseealittle ofyourhomelife."

Astonystarefromhishostessmade himrealisehehadsaidthewrong thingagain.

"Er-notthatyourhomelifeis-but,"hecontinued,"-er-er-thatis tosay,itmakesmegladofmyown home-er--"

"Mr.Baxter!"

"Imean,"flounderedBaxter,"that beiteversohumble-er-no,but there'snoplace-er--Good-bye!"

*

* *

Thesermonpreachedbythevisiting :ministerwasrunningratherlong,and quiteafewofthecongregationbegan togetrestive.

Suddenlythepreacherstoppedand lookedroundthechurch.

"Myfriends,"hesaid,"Idon'tmind youlookingatyourwatchestofind outthetime.Butwhenyoubegin toholdthemtoyourearstomakesure theyarestillgoingIfeelitistimeI madeasmallprotest:*

* *

Theoldcountrymanandhiswife wereseatedintheshoeshopofasmall markettown.Theoccasionwasa pairofnewshoesforthewife.

Shetriedonpracticallyeveryshoe intheshop,andatlastexpressedLer satisfaction.Thewearyassistant breathedasighofrelief.

Butthematterwasnotsettled.There wasstilltheoldmantobesatisfied. Addressinghiswife,hequeried:"Now areyouquitesureyouwouldlikeshoes foryourbirthdaypresentorwouldyou preferanumbrella?"

*

* * *

Thebelatedtravellerarrived,weary andexhausted,outsidethe"Pigand Whistle."

Knockingatthedoor,heatlast arousedanirateman,whoyelledout ofawindow:"Goaway!Youcan't bangusuplikethat-we'reclosedclearoff!"

"Say,"saidthestranger,"where's yourwhistle?"

*

*

Shehadstoodasmuchasshecould, butherenthusiasticpartnerinkhaki seemedreadytogoonforever.At lastshegotdesperate.

"What'sthedifferencebetweendancingandmarching?"sheaskedhim.

"Idon'tknow,"herepliedbrightly.

"Ithoughtso!'shesnapped."Shall wesitdownforabit?"

* * * AwomanabouttoleaveLondonfor NewZealandwasadvisedtoprovide herselfwithverywarmclothing.

"Why?"sheasked.

(Atchurchparadethepadrehad spokenaboutthewagesofsinandhad freelyquotedtheTenCommandments. Comingoutofthechurchtheblacksheepoftheregimentthoughtdeeply forafewminutes,thenturnedtohis pal.

"Ah,well,"hesaid."I'venever madeagravenimage,anyway."

* * * *

Thecastingdirectorofanewfilm telephonedanunemployedbutwell knownfilmstarathislodgingsandof feredhim£150aweektoplaythe lead.

"Notonyourlife,"repliedthestar. "I'llnotlookatitunderPOOaweek.'

"Cometomyofficeandlet'stalkit over,"urgedthefilmdirector. 'What!"repliedthestar,"andget lockedoutofmyroom!"

* * *

Slimsonlookedguiltyasheglanced attheclockintheoffice.

"SorryI'mabitlate,"hesaidtothe boss."Ifellasleepinmyairraid shelter,andwhenIwokeupandsaw thetimeIhurriedofftotownwithout breakfast."

"Abitlate!"snappedhisemployer, aghast."Wherewereyouyesterday"'

* * *

Thevicarwashavingaseriouschat withoneofhisflockaboutherson.

"Tomneedseducating,Mrs.Jones," hesaid;"itisveryimportant.Ihad topinchlikeanythingtosendmysons tocollege,butitwasworthit."

"Maybe,"repliedMrs.Jones;"but myhusband'stooafraidofthelawto doanythinglikethat."

* * *

"Isay,"saidthefirstman,'hasyour wifebeenfighting?"

"Fighting"exclaimedthesecond man,startled."Ofcoursenot!What makesyouthinkthat?"

"Well,what'sthatpadoverhereye for?"

"Pad?That'snotapad;it'sher newhat." * * * *

Becausetheschoolwassituatedbesideabusyroad,atrafficpoliceman waspostedatcertainhourstoconvoy thekidsacross.

Onedaythepolicemanondutywas chattingwithapassingfriendwhile twosmallboyswaitedtobeescorted across.Presentlytheygotimpatient andoneshouted: "Oi,wotaboutit?We'vegotwork todo!"

* * * *

Veryproudofhisjob,thestoresdetectivewasshowingofftoafriend.

"There!Seethatwoman!"hesaid urgently.

"Yes,whatabouther?"repliedthe friend.

"Well,shesuffersfromkleptomania," saidthedetective.

"Goodness,whydoesn'tshetake somethingforit?"

"Shewillinaminute!"saidthedetectivemeaningly.

Goingoffduty,anA.R.P.warden calledinatalocalclubforadrink, offeringapoundnoteinpayment.

"Lookhere,"saidthesteward,"I can'tchangethis.Butyoupaywhen youcallinto-morrow."

Outside,thewardenmetacolleague, andhadabrightidea.

"Here'sachanceforafreedrink," hesaid.''Takethisquid.Thestewardcan'tchangeit,soyou'llgetyour drinkandthenoteback."

TenminuteslaterWardenNo.2came outandhandedthewaitingmantwo shillings.Naturally,heprotested.

"Sorry,oldchap,"saidtheother. "Hetookseventeenshillingsandsixpenceoutofthequidforthedrinks Ihadonticklastweek."

Thefollowingconversationwas overheardinaLondonclubaftera sirenhadsounded.

"What'sthat,warningorallclear?"

"Don'tknow;lostcount."

"Soundslikeanallclear,doesn'tit:

"Allright,haveityourownway."

"Butthen,ifit'sanallclear,why arethegunsfiring?"

"Oh,don'tkeepaskingme-perhaps it'stheKing'sBirthday!"

"I'vesearchedhighandlowforthe furniturecreamrecipeyourmother gaveme--" "Here."saidherhusband,putting downhisspoon,"wheredidyouget therecipeforthissoup?" * * * *

Theyoungsubalternjoinedafamousregiment,andtheadjutantwas givinghimoneortwcinstructions.

"Youmustgrowamoustache,"he barked.

"Yes,sir." "Andnotoneofthesemiserablefivea-sideaffairs.Apropermoustache."

"Yes,sir."

Twonegroeswereboastingabout theirfamilydescent.

"Lemmetellyou,"saidRastus,"I kintracemaancestorsbacktothe famblytree."

"Datso?"exclaimedMose."Waal, dere'sonlytwokindsobthingsdat livesintrees-dem'sbirdsandmonkeysAndymain'tgotnofeathers!"

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"Oh,it'sawfullycoldoutthere,don't youknow!"repliedtheadviser."It's theplacewhereallthefrozenmutton comesfrom!"

Therewassilenceforaminute.Then thesubalternasked,meekly,"Anyparticularcolour,sir?"

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ThePensionforNuns

R.Jones,Sydney:

IheardaspeakerintheDomainsay that"Nunsreceivetheoldagepension."Isthistrue?

Itistruethatafewofthenunsin someofthesmallerconventsavail themselvesoftheirrighttothepension.

Ifthisistrue,whydoestheRoman CatholicChurchallowit?

Thereisnoparticularreasonwhy theChurchshouldforbidit.Nuns asktheblessingoftheChurchupon theirCommunityLife,butundertake tosupportthemselvesbyrevenuefrom theirteachingduties,andfromsuch charitableofferingsastheyreceive. ButinsomeplacesCatholicsarefew, andpovertymakesmanyofthemunabletopaytheordinaryschool-feesfor theirchildren.Anoldnun,unable

stilltoteach,mayperceivethatthose actuallyengagedinteaching,areearningbarelyenoughtokeepthemselves withoutsupportingheralso.And afterherownlife-timeofservicetothe risinggenerationofAustralians,shecertainlyhastherighttoapplyforher pension,contributingtheamountto herownsupport,thuslighteningthe burdenonthediminishedrevenuesof theCommunity.Sheisnotaccepting charity.Thepensionisduetoherin strictjustice;anditislittleenoughreturnfromtheStateforsuchserviceto thecountry.However,thisisnotthe generalpractice;anditoccursonly inrarecaseswherefinancialdifficulties renderitnecessary.Thevastmajgrityofconventshavenoneedtoavail themselvesofthepensionfortheolder nunswhohavebeenobligedtoretire fromactiveduties.

HonestIndignation

E.tA.Vivian,Ca,mpsie: Iwasaskedtolistentoyoursession inthehopeofhearingsomething worthwhile.

Iregretthatthenumberofenquiries fromotherlistenersshouldhavedelayedmyacknowledgment.

AllIheardwasthegreatestconglomerationofhypocriticalclap-trap, bunk,andtwaddleonecouldever expecttohear.

Iamhappytoknowthatyouat leasthadsuchauniqueexperience.

NowonderGodhassaid:Woeunto youhypocriticalclergyonthatgreat dayoftheLord.

Itwouldbeinterestingtoknow whenceyougotyourinformationthat Godeversaidthat.

ReallyIdonotthinkyoubelieveit yourself.

Youhaveaslittlefoundationfornot thinkingthatasyouhaveforyourattributiontoGodofthingsHenever said. Doyoubelieveityourself?

Youcanbequitesurethatwhateveryouhearmesayisthecorrect expressionofmyrealmindonthe subjectbeingdiscussed. I'lllistenagainnextSunday.

Mostpeopledo. Yoursdisgusted,E.A.Vivian. Ifindyourvehemencemostencouraging.Somanypeoplehavedrifted intosuchdreadfulindifferencetoall religionthatitisquiterefreshingto meetwithsomeenthusiasm,even thoughtheenthusiastisintheoppositecamp.AssincerelyasIhopethat somedayyouwillchangeyourideas, Ihopeyouwillneverloseyoureager zealforwhatyouthinktoberight.

"TheLiberalCatholicChurch

Enquirer,Kogarah:

Iencloseanarticlefromthe"Sunday Sun,"inwhichaMr.GeoffreyHodson,presidentoftheBlavatsky Lodge,statesthatDr.Arundale,a TheosophistBishopoftheLiberal CatholicChurch,hasOrderswhich arerecognisedasvalidbytheRoman CatholicChurch.IhavealwaysbelievedthattheRomanCatholic Churchdoesnotrecognisethe"LiberalCatholicChurch."AmIright orwrong?

TheCatholicChurchnomorerecognisestheso-call"LiberalCatholic Church"aspossAsinganydivineauthoritythanshedoestheWitnesses ofJehovah."Wedenythattheuse oftheword"Catholic"isinanyway justifiedbythisextraordinaryformof TheosophyinstitutedbyMr.Leadbeater;andsolittleconnectionwith thetrueCatholicChurchhasthisnewlycreatedbodythat,wereanyCatholictojoinit,orattempttoreceiveany "Sacraments"atitshands,hewould beexcommunicatedbytheCatholic Church,andforbiddenthereception ofanyofherSacramentssolongas hepersistedinsuchconduct.

HaveTheyValidOrders?

IsittruethatRomerecognisesthe Ordersof"BishopArundale"as valid?

Thatisnottrue.IdenyabsolutelythatMr.Hodsonoranyoneelse canproduceanydeclarationordocumentfromRomeacknowledgingthe Ordersofthese"TheosophicalLiberal Catholics"asvalid.Myownpersonal opinionisthattheyarenotvalidin theCatholicsenseoftheword;andI amquitesurethat,if"BishopArundale"becameaconverttotheCatholicChurch,hewouldfindhimselfnot acceptedasaBishop,norasapriest, bytheCatholicauthorities.Werehe eligible,andwishedtobeapriest,he wouldfindhimselfcompelledtosubmittoordinationatthehandsofa CatholicBishop.Ifthe"LiberalCatholics"disputemyopinion,letthem submittheircasetoRome,andask foraDecreeacknowledgingtheirOrdersasvalid.IftheygettheDecree, theywillthenbeabletosaydefinitely thatRomerecognisestheirOrders; andIwillpublishthefact.ButIcan sayatoncethattheywillneverget suchaDecreeofrecognition;andin theabsenceofsuchadecisionthey havenorighttosaythatRomerecognisestheirOrders.

"TheAttitudeofthePope"

Enquirer,DulwichHill:

Theenclosedcuttingwasgiventome byafriendwho,likemyself,cannot understandtheattitudeofthePope, ifthereportbetrue.

Tothatsurelytheobviousreplyis thatstepsshouldbetakentoascertain whetherthereportedmattersaretrue; andifso,towritetothePopeasking himtoexplainhisattitudesothatyou willnolongerbeatalosstounderstandit.Iamnotspeakingwiththe slightesttraceofsarcasm.Iamtryingtobringoutanimportantpoint. Iundertaketodefendthetruthofthe CatholicChurch,explainherdoctrines, anddiscussproblemsofcomparative religion.Icannotbeexpectedto knowtheintimatereasonsforallthe Pope'sadministrativedecisions.Of thoseIcanmerelysaythatheismore

ofLepanto,anddefeatedtheplansof theMohammedanhordesfortheinvasionofEuropeandthedestructionof Christendom.

Ifsuchistrue,whatamItothink?

IfyoudonotcaretothinkasIdo, Iwilltellyouwhatyoumustthink. Youmustsaytoyourself,"IfthePope andthepriestsinthisparticularmat terdidtherightthing,theydidthe rightthing;iftheydidthewrong thing,theydidthewrongthing.But Ipersonallydonotknowwhetherthey didtherightthingorthewrongthing" justsaythattoyourselfandthenturn yourattentiontosomethingelse.Now Iwillrunthroughthecuttingyousend. Itisareportofremarksmadebythe AnglicanBishopBarnesinaspeechto theConvocationofCanterburyin WestminsterAbbeylastMay. BishopBarnesasCritic.

"CriticisingtheVatican,Dr.Barnes saidthatherecalledattemptsmade toinducethePopetocondemncertainactionsofGeneralFranco."

Firstly,onemightaskwhathasthis todowiththeConvocationofAnglican Bishops,assembledtodealwithmattersconcernedwiththeirownAnglicanChurch?Surelytheyhaveenough toputrightintheirowncommunion. Secondly,onemightagainaskwhether thePopewillactwiselyonlyprovided hisdecisionsagreewiththewishesof Dr.Barnes,whosepro-Russiansympathieswerenotorious.

"Buttheseattemptshadmetwitha bluntnegative."

Iamverygladtohearit.TheVaticanwasnotpreparedtobelieveevery wildchargemadeagainstFrancoby RedpropagandistsjustbecauseDr. Barneshappenedtochoosetobelieve allheheardorreadfromtheCommunistviewpoint.

"ThePapacyemployedallitsdiplomaticskilltoencourageFranco's success."

Tothehorrorofthosewhoemployedalltheirdiplomaticskilltoinduce thePopetodowhattheywanted,and miserablyfailed.Thecomplaintis notthatthePopeusedhisinfluence, butthathedidnotuseitasDr. Barneswantedhimto,onbehalfofhis dearfriendswhowereburningchurches,wreckingCatholicinstitutions, andslaughteringpriestsandnuns.

* * * *

ThePopeSilentAgain!

"Whenpoisongasoverwhelmedthe Abyggl7nians,itwasproclaimedby thetriumphantmassesofItaly."

Didnotprejudiceblindhim,Dr. Barneswouldknowthathehasnot correctlystatedthecase.TheItalian peoplerejoicedwhentheyheardthat the(Abyssinians,andnottheirown troops,hadbeendefeated.Theirjoy wasnotconcernedwiththemeansof

theirvictory.Knowingonlythe viewpointputbeforethembytheItalianauthorities,theordinarypeople knewnothingoftheinformation cabledtoAustralia.

"ThePopedidnotcondemnthose masses,nordidhisSecretary,nor didanyCardinal."

Nosensiblepersonwouldcondemn thejoyofanyordinarypeopleintheir senseoftriumphatatimewhenthey wereawareonlyoftheirvictoryand notofallthecircumstancesofthat victory.WouldDr.Barnesexpect peopletositdownandweepwhen theyheardthattheircountryhadbeen victorious?ImustconfessthatI wouldbemuchmoreworriedifthe Pope'sconductmetwiththeapproval ofDr.BarnesthanIambyhisdisagreement.WerethePopenowiser thanBishopBarnes,itwouldbeapoor look-outforhisadministrationofthe vitalinterestsunderhiscontrol.

MoreTearsfromDr.Barnes.

"TherecentinvasionofAlbaniaon thesacreddayofGoodFriday,"said BishopBarnes,"didnotprovokeany protestfromthePope."

Ofthecommunicationswhichpassed betweentheVaticanandtheItalian GovernmentDr.Barneshasnoidea. Meantime,thesuddenreverenceofa manforthesacreddayofGoodFridaywhodoesnothesitatetodenythe veryDivinityofChrist,israthersuspect.AlltheutterancesofDr.Barnes havebeenpromptedbyanti-Catholic prejudiceagainstthePope.Andhis maininterestinthevariousitemshe mentionsliesinwhathebelievestobe theirvalueasweaponstobelittlethe Pope.

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likelytobefullyinformedofallthe circumstancesbeforehemakesthem thanthosewhocriticisehisconduct.

ThinkofthePopeandFranco!

DidthePope,oranyCatholicpriest, giveablessingtothesoldierssentto fightinSpaininFranco'scause?

ThePopeatleastcommendedthe causeinwhichtheywerefighting,and variouspriestsgavetheirblessingto thosewhovolunteered.Forthecause inquestionwasthepreservationof SpainfromtheclutchesofMoscow's godlessCommunism.Russiahad plannedtoSovietiseSpain.Iapprove ofanyblessinggiventoFranco'scause lustasIapproveoftheblessinggiven byPopePiusV.in1571tothefleetof theChristianCrusaderswhichwentto meetthefleetofIslamattheBattle

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IsFreewillAbsurd?

ColinC.Woolford,Randwick: Anotherabsurdconclusiontowhichbelieversinfreewillmustinevitably come,istheideathatamanisfree tobelievewhateverhelikes.

Thisisyourthirdefforttoprovethat thedoctrineoffreewillleadstoabsurdity.Yourfirstargumentwasbased onGod'srelationshiptothehuman will;yoursecondontherelationship offreewilltocriminalconduct.Ihave alreadydealtwiththoseinpreceding sessions.NowyouturntothereIntionshipbetweenfreewillandknowledge.AndhereagainIwillshow thatyouaremistakenthroughlack ofknowledgeandlogic.Forthe momentitisenoughtosaythatImyselfbelieveinfreewill,yetIdenyabsolutelythatImustinevitablycome toanyabsurdconclusionasaconsequenceofmyconviction.

FreedomandBelief.

Itismanifestlywrongthatamanis freetobelievewhateverhelikes.

Yourtroubleisaconfusionofideas. Beforediscussingasubjectitisessentialtogetveryclearideasonthat subject,andtoknowtheprecisesense ofthetermsyouuse.Otherwiseambiguitiesandfallaciesareboundtoresult.Iknowexactlywhatyouhave inmind.Butyouexpressyourselfvery badly.Whatyouhaveinmindcannotbedenied.Butwhatyousaycan bedenied.Forexample,ifyoudrove amotorcarat60milesanhour,you wouldknowthatthatcarcoulddo60 milesanhour.Youwouldnotbe freetobelieveotherwise.ButifItook thatsamecaroutanddroveitat85 milesandhour,andcamebackand toldyouIhaddoneso,youwouldbe freetobelievewhatyoulikedabout

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it.Youhaveonlymywordforit. Youcouldchoosetobelieveme.Or youcouldchoosetodoubtmyaccuracyofobservation,ormyveracity. Nothavingexperimentalknowledgefor yourself,itwouldnotbemanifestly wrongandabsurdforyoutobelieve whateveryouliked.Youseeyouhave usedtheword"believe"withoutany regardforthemotivesofbelieforfor thedegreesofcertaintyinourknowledge.

IfIThinkItUntrue?

Nomancanhonestlybelievethat whichhisreasonrejectsasuntrue. Itiscertainthatsolongashere jectsathingasuntrue,hecannotbelieveit.Buthecanceasetoreject asuntruewhatheatonetimethought tobeuntrueondiscoveringthathe hasnorealproofthatitisuntrue,either becausehisformerjudgmentwasbased oninadequateknowledge,orbecause therewasafaultinhisprocessofreasoning.

Forinstance,Icannotbelievethata manoncelivedthreedaysinsidea whale.

Takingyourpropositionasitstands, ImustconfessthatIwouldhavea gooddealofdifficultyinbelievingit myself.If,however,amansaidto me,"TheGodwhocreatedthisuniversearrangedthatahugefish(not necessarilyawhale)shouldswallowa manandbyHisdivinepowerGodkept thatmanaliveinsidethefish,"Iwould certainlyagreethatitwasnotimpossibleforanomnipotentGodtodosuch athing.Icouldbelieveit,thoughI wouldnotbelieveitactuallyoccurred withoutaconvincingauthorityfor doingso. * * * *

AdequateKnowledgeNecessary.

ImaytryforhourstoconvincemyselfthatIbelievethis,butthesimple !actstillremains-Icannotbelieve it.

Atonetimeonecouldnotbelieve 'hatapersoninEnglandcouldspeak toanotherpersoninAmerica.But we,whoknowofwirelesstransmission, andnotdifficultyinbelievingit.For 'hefactorrenderingitpossibleis -mowntouswhereasitwasunknown tothem.Theycouldnotbelieveit solongasthefactorofwirelesstransmisionwasomittedfromtheproposition.Nowifyourestrictyourpropositiontoaman,awhale,andthe man'slivinginsidethewhaleforthree days,omittingallreferencetoGod's intervention,yourdifficultiesdonot surpriseme.Butwillyousaythat GodHimselfcouldnotcausesuchan eventtohappen?Iamnotasking youtobelievethatitdidhappen.I onlysuggestthat,sinceGodcoulddo it,youcouldbelieveitifHediddoit.

* * * * HowOpinionsAreSwayed. Theonlyforcewhichcanpossiblyalter mybeliefsisanappealtomyreason bywayofdemonstration,argument, evidence,etc.

Buttheycouldcompelindividualsto keeptheirprivateopinionstothemselves,andceasepublicpropagationof theirerrors.Ifmenpersonallyrenouncedthefaith,andengagedinseditiouseffortstounderminetheprevailingcivicorder,bothChurchandState wouldco-operatetopreventsuchmen fromcorruptingthefaithofothersand fromsubversiveactivitiesagainstthe establishedorder. Evenifyoutortureamantodeath youcannotalterhisbelief. Thatistrue.Butthemanhimself couldalteritinmattersoutsidethe realmofthingsmathematicallyorexperimentallydemonstrated. Youmaymakehimpretendtoagree withyouthroughfear,butinwardly hestillholdstohisoriginalthoughts.

Solongashestillholdstohisoriginalthoughtsoutwardagreementwouldindeedbeonlypretence.And Iagreethatamancanstillholdtohis inwardopinionsdespiteallexternal pressure.Foramanconvincedagainst hiswillisofthesameopinionstill. Thisshowshowgreataforcethewillis aswellasthemind,inobstinateadherencetoone'sownopinions.We haveallheardofthecountrymanwho sawagiraffeatthezooforthefirst time,andsaid"Idon'tbelievesuchan animalexists."Yet,althoughsolong asamanstillholdstohisoriginalopinions,youwillonlygetapretenceat agreementfromhim,Imaintainthat heisfreetochangehisopinionsifhe wantstoinallmatterswhicharephil- osophicallydemonstrated.Though notinallthings,inverymanythings, amanisfreetobelievewhathelikes, choosingbetweenprobabilitiesagainst thetruthofwhichinactualfactthere isnodemonstrativeevidence.How eversomanybeliefsarefreelychosen weseeeveryday.Therearepeoplewhodonotbelieveanygoodofsome particularman.Thereareotherswho donotbelieveanyevilofhim.Itis notthattheycannotbelieveotherwise thantheydo.Itisbecausetheywill not.

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ForParticularsApplyto-THEBROTHERDIRECTOR

Thereareotherforceswhichcould alteryourbeliefs,despiteyourassertiontothecontrary.Iknewagirl whobelievedabsolutelyintherectitudeofamansheloved,despiteevidencetothecontrarycleartoallothers whoknewhim.Aftertwoyearsher lovefaded,andherbeliefchanged.A humanbeing'sbeliefsareoftendictatedbypsychologicalfactors.

Ifyoucouldunquestionablyproveto mysatisfactionthatJonahdidlive threedaysinsideawhale,thenI wouldhavenooptionbuttobelieve it.

Thatistrue.ButifIquotedto youtheverdictofanancientwriter thatGodhadarrangedthatthisshould bedone,thenyouwouldhavetheoptionofbelievingitornot.Oncethe eventwasattributedtoGod'spower, youcouldnotsaythatitwasimpossible.Andsinceyoudidnotwitness theevent,buthadonlyanother's wordforit,youcouldchoosetobelievehimornot.

CanBeliefBeForced?

ThreehundredyearsagotheRoman CatholicChurchtorturedhereticsto makethemrenouncetheirheresyand believeintheChurch.

Thatisnotcorrecthistory.Inthe stateofsocietythatprevailedthen, totallydifferentfromconditionsprevailingto-day,thepropagationofheresywasanoffencealsoagainstthe civilwelfare.ItwasfortheChurch todecideastowhetheraman'steachingswereindeedheretical;whilstthe punishmentofthoseguiltyofdisruptiveagitationwaslefttotheState. However,wecanletthatgo.The thingtonoticeisthattheauthorities werewellawarethattheycouldnot makeanymaninteriorlyrenounce hereticalopinionsagainsthiswill,or interiorlyaccepttheteachingsofthe Churchifhedidnotwanttodoso.

ThereisalotmoreIcouldsayonthis subject,butspacedoesnotpermitit. Itwouldnotbeworthsayingany moreuntilyouhaveclarifiedyour ideas,andareabletoavoidusing termssolooselyasyouhavedone throughoutyourletter.Whenwesay thatamanbelievesathing,wemean thathethinksheknowsittobetrue. Butknowledgeissecuredinmany ways,whetherbyimmediateintuition, orbyscientificdemonstration,orfrom theauthoritativeteachingofother rightlyinformedandreliablepeople. Again,aman'sreasonmaytellhim thatathingisuntrue,butitdoesnot demandthatheregardhisownjudgmentasinfalliblycorrect.Itdoes nottellhim,therefore,thatheis boundalwaystomaintainwhathehas atonetimebelievedtoberight.Mistakesareeverlikelyeitherfromthe verylimitationofthehumanpowerof intelligence,orthroughlackofadvert. encetoalltheaspectsofasubject,or throughaconfusionofpreparatory ideas,orbecauseimaginationhasbeen allowedtousurptheplaceofreason, orbecausetheemotionshaveclouded thejudgmentbyapsychologicaldisturbanceofthewholeman,orbecause theauthoritywhoseterdictweaccept ismisinformedorhasdeliberatelymisledus.TheauthorityofGod,orcourse, couldnotbemisinformedandcould neverdeliberatelymisleadus.Granted thatGodhasrevealedacertaintruth, andthatwecorrectlygraspthesense Heintends,wecanbeabsolutelysure ofwhatHedeclares.Buteventhere ourbeliefwillbeduetoourchoice tobelieveGod,achoicewearenot compelledtomakebyanyunavoidable necessity.Onedoespossessthepower torefuse.Theconclusion,therefore, thatinmanythingsamanisfreeto believeashechoosesisnotabsurd,and itaffordsnoargumentagainstthe existenceoffreewill.

Thankyouinanticipationofyour ever-courteousreply.

Iamgratefulforyourtril-iute,and hopeIhavehelpedyou.

TelephoneB4757.

MARTINP.RYAN

Optometristand Optician

SonofLateM.P.Ryan,lateof Fremantle.

Eire'sGreatestGift toBritain

Englandhasforgottenthatsheowes toIrelandherconversionfrompaganism.AodhdeBlacam,arelativeof Australia'smostfamouswicket-keeper, retellsthestoryinthe"IrishPress." Theauthoritiesforthefactsarestill easilyaccessible,butthemultitudetodaywouldliketoforgetallabout them.Mr.deBlacamsays:

T0saythatEnglishmonarchsonce werestudentsandspeakersof theIrishlanguagemightseem astrangeassertion.Itmightnotbe creditedbysomeeminentfolkwho flourishinBelfast.Yetthestatement canbemadegoodveryeasily.

OneofthenoblestoftheAngloSaxonmonarchswasSt.Oswald,King andMartyr,grandsonofIda,whohad foundedtheChristiankingdomof Northumbriaintheyear547.InOswald'syouth,allNorthernEngland waspagan.Hehimselffledwithhis brothers,aftertheirfather'sdeathin war,in617,torefugeamong"the Scots,"thatis,theGael's,eitherat IonaorinIreland.

Inthosedays,asthefirstEnglish historian,St.BedetheVenerable,tells, Irelandofferedrefugeandlearningto theAngles.Books(acostlyproduct ofhand-labourinthosedays)were providedfreelyfortheguestsofthe nation;andBedeismovedtodescribe theIrishas"aharmlessnation,ever mostfriendlytotheEnglish."

AmonghisIrishprotectors,inthe homelandorinIona,Oswaldwasbaptised.Hewasabout28yearsofage, havingspenthalfthoseyearsinexile, whenhewassummonedtohisdistractedhomeland. Hemarchedinto Northumbriafromthenorth,having seenavisionofSt.Columcille,his patron(whohaddiedatIonaafew yearsbeforeOswald'sbirth),andhe setupawoodencrossasthestandard ofhiscause.Underthecross,heconqueredhisenemies,re-unitedthetorn kingdomofhisforebears,andruledas aChristianking.

Columcille'sSuccessors.

Anxioustoobtainthebestspiritual aidthatcouldbefound,Oswaldsent toIonaformissionaries.Thatstorm beatenlittleislandontheScottish coast,underitslineofabbotsfrom Donegal,wasthemostpowerfulhome ofthespiritinalltheWesternworld. Menofunparalleledausterity,notable scholars,mysticsandcontemplatives andmasterlyorganisers:suchwerethe menofIona,Columcille'scomrades andsuccessors.

AidanwasconsecratedBishopand wassentfromIonatoaidtheNorthumbrianking;he,also,isreveredas asaint.TruetothetraditionofIona, St.Aidanmadehisheadquartersona little,ruggedisland.ThiswasLindisfarneintheNorth'Sea,tenmilessouth oftheScotsborder"Awoodenchurch intheIrishstylewasbuilt,andamonasticsettlement.

TheIrishmissionarieswhom'Aldan broughtcouldnotspeakthetongueof theEnglishwhentheyreachedthe fieldoftheirlabours.KingOswald actedasinterpreterbetweenthemand thelocalrulers,inwhoselandsthey weretosetupmissionstationsand churches.

Here,surely,isanastonishingsituation:anEnglishkinginterpretingGaelictohisownpeople!

Lindisfarnebecamesecondonlyto Ionainitsfameandglory.TheLindisfarneGospelsareabookwhichis consideredthemostbeautifulofall EnglishMSS.Itisinthestyleof theBook:fKells,andonlysecondto it.

JOSEPHEDWARDS

Tel.:B7804.

SECRETARY

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AgentforAbsenteesandInvestor: MortgagesArranged,Rentsand InterestCollected,SecretarialWork Undertaken.

MISSMARYEDWARDS, ForTypingandDuplicating WestAwtralianChambers, (FirstFloor) St.George'sTerrace Nextt'Pal,reHotel)

WhenOswalddiedamartyr,inbattlefortheFaith,hewassucceededby hisbrother,lOswy,whoalsowasan Irish-speaker.LatercameAldfrid, wholikewisewaseducatedinIreland, andwhoisrememberedinIrelandby theaffectionatenameofFlannFionn. ALatinpoembytheabbotofMaimesburyisextant,inwhichAldfridis commendedforthegoodscholarship thathegainedintheislandofscholars.

InnisfailtheFair.

MostpeoplearefamiliarwithMangan'stranslationofaGaelicpoemthat KingAldfridissaidtohavecomposed inhonourofthelandthateducated him:

IfoundinInnisfaiithefair, InIreland,whileinexilethere, Womenofworth,bothgraveandgay men, Learnedclerics,heroiclaymen. Itravelleditsfruitfulprovincesround, AndineveryoneofthefiveIfound, Alikeinchurchandinpalacehall, Abundantapparelandfoodforall."

TheKing(orprince,ashewaswhen helivedinIreland)goesontodescribethedignityofArmagh;thepoetry,musicandprosperityofMunster; thehospitalityofConacht,theheroism ofTirconaillandUlster;thepictures ofLeinster,thesplendourofMeath. TheGaelicisprintedinHardiman, andisobviouslynotancientenough tobeauthenticallytheworkofa seventh-centurywriter;butmany thinkthatitisbasedonagenuine, olderpoem.Itsufficestopreserve thetraditionofAldfrid'sIrishscholarship;andDomGougaud,O.S.B.,remarksofthethreeIrish-speaking kingsofNorthumbriathattheyshow howtheIrish"nationallanguageand literatureseemtohavebeenheldin honouratthattime,astheyhave cometobeoncemoreintheIrish schoolsofourday.

tA.Frenchkingwaseducatedinthe Irishschools,atthesameperiodas Aldfrid.

IrelandgaveEnglandpriestsand Bishopsinthe19th.centuryonsomethinglikethescaleoftheseventh.

TheIrish-Americanauthor,Mr. BenedictFitzpatrick,istheonlywriter whohasdealtfullyandthoroughly withIreland'spartinthemakingof BritainandofContinentalculture.

Muchhastobedonebyothersbefore Irishpeoplerealisewhattheircountryoncedidfortheworld.Thereis sometruthintherecentchargebyDr. NicholasManserghthatIrishhistory istreatedtoooftenasaninsularstory, andscholarsarenottaughttoseeIrelandintheEuropeanframe.

NorthernEngland'sChristianSplendour.

Thechargewouldlielighterifour historybookstoldasmuchofthe greatandfruitfulNorthumbrianmission-Ireland'sfoundingofNorthern England'sChristiansplendour-as Englishbookstellofthefoundingof coloniesanddominions.Thebooks couldnotwellfailtoproceedalittle farther,andrelatehow,inthatsame wonderfulcenturyofgrowth,aSaxon noblecametotheIrishschoolsforhis training,wasinspiredfromthesame sourceasOswaldandAidan,andwent totheContinenttobecomeArchbishopofUtrechtandpatronsaintof Holland-thatwasSt.Willibrord, throughwhomeveryDutchmanwhois aChristianowessomememorytoIreland.

Greatestofthemissionariesfrom theseislandstoCentralEurope,in thattime.wereSt.Coltunbanus,from Bangor;andSt.Boniface,thechief apostleandpatronsaintofGermany.

TheEnglisharejustlyproudof Boniface,whoisbelievedtohavebeen borninSomerset;butIrelandalsohas aclaimonthisgreatciviliserofthe Germanlands.Hewastaughtby Irishclergyandsomeoftheearliest writersonhislifesaythathewasthe sonofIrishparents.

Intheninthcentury,aGermanabbotwrotetotheAbbotofSt.Gall:

"Howcouldweeverforgettheisle-of Erin,whencethesunoffaithhasrisen forus. HerpilotisGod,her rowerstheapostlesofChrist,andtheir successorsthebishopsandabbots. SuchoarsmenwereSt.Columbanand St.Gall,whoweresenttousfrom thatcorneroftheearth,asalsothat holymartyr,St.Boniface,whocame fromthesameplace,tobringusthe lightoffaith."

Thesecitationssufficetoshowhow Ireland'sservices,whollythegiftsof peace,wereesteemedbythegreatnationsintimespast,whenIreland'srelationswithitsneighbourandtheContinenthadnothingofsubordination, butrestedinthebondsofcharity alone.

"0sisicsemper!"

ALBANY.

d,C.PriorFuneralDirector nd

ALBANY(Established1921). PrivateMortuary.MotorVehicle ChargesModerate. 'Phone215.

B. 41]

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3

'PHONES:

"THERE'S

of Morn;

Butwhenheleavesman'sdwelling. placebehind,

Withfootstepsfleethespurnstuftand thorn

Togainhisgoal,andbreathlessstands atlast

Erect,uponthecrestofSlemishHill.

Solitudegreetshimthere,andsleety blast

OfMarch-windstraightfromOcean, withthetang

Ofsaltandsea-wrackinitsicybreath;

Itrufflesthedarklocksthatloosely hang

Uponhisneck,weavingajewelled wreath

Ofraindropsbrightonhisuncovered head, Andpiercesthroughtheraimentthin thatclothes

Hisslimyoungformsoscantly.Butno dread

Ofcoldorrain,oraughtthatheaven award

Canturnhimfromhispurpose:tohis knees

YoungPatricksinks,uponthesodden sward,

Anhundredtimesthroughoutthe drearynight, Ascoldandwearyonthestrawhelay.

AmongtheserfsofMilcho,insad plight,

Ofslaveryandexile,hetheway

ToGodhadfound,soaringonpinions light

Ofprayer,toIIeavenlyPlaces,there togain

Strengthtosustainhisburden.Thus betwixt

Shortsnatchesoflightsleephisnights werespent

Throughsixlongyearsofbondage; everfixed HisthoughtsuponhisMaker:wellcontent

Toguardtheflocksandherds,inwintersnow, Orsummersunshine,everoffering prayer, AndmeditatingontheSacredTheme

HisSaviour'sbitterPassion,whichto share Eventodeath,greathonourhewould deem.

TolovetheLordhestrovewithallhis might.

Next,toworkgoodtomankindwas hisdream, Andfirsttothosewithwhomhislot wascast, Hiscaptors,whostilllaybeneaththe blight

OfPaganworship,initsthrallheld fast.

Forthemheprayed,forthemhe founddelight

Ineverysacrifice,andtoil,andtask

OfferinghisCrosswithChrist'sCross tounite.

Towinsalvationforthem,now,at dawn

OnSlemishhehascometoprayagain Erebiddinglongfarewell;withmorningpraise GreetshetheLord,andthenwith yearningpain

Uponthesleepinghomesteadturnshis gaze.

Darkerthandarkestnight,0Lord," hecries, "Thesoulsofthosewhodwellwithin thosewalls, Andcountlessothers,midstwhom Satanplies Hiseviltradeunhindered;Lord,how long WiltThoudepriveThyselfofThy justdue?

Toloveandworship,psalmodyand song

ThatChristianpeoplegiveThee,and these,too, Wouldgive(forrichlydoweredisthis race WithnoblegiftsofNature),Crown themall, InsideThyFold,withnoblergiftsof grace.

Delaynot,Lord,tosendanotherPaul

TothisloneIsle,beyondwhichno mendwell.

NotmanynightsagoneIheardacall, AndknewitforThyoice,buttriedto quell Itsmessage,forItsaidthehgerhad come r.sw

Formetoquitthisland,and sore

Toleavewhileyettheysiti ness, dumb,

AnddeaftoThee;lastnightthe messagetore

Againthroughallmybeing,andI knew, AtearliestcrowofcockImustarise, Treadsoftly'mongthesleepers,and pursue Mypath,ThyRightguiding,towhere lies

AshipatanchorontheWesternsea.

BeforeIgo,Lord,bidmetorejoice, Promisetofreethem,asThoufreest me.." Asilencefelluponhim,toavoice Withinheseemedto'harken,then arose, Turningafacetransfiguredtothe sky; "Thywillbedone,"hemurmured;"no manknows

ThesecretsofThyMind.Thoubidet mefly, Andyet,Thouseemsttosay,Ishall return; ThelowliestinstrumentstodoThywill Thouchoosest,whomtheworlddoth spurn, IknowthatThoucanst!nakeThy mightypower Mostperfectinmygreatinfirmity." Hegatheredthree-leavedcloverfrom thesod, Andplaceditnearhisgentlekindly heart; Ite'erremindedhimofTriuneGod, AndwouldoflovedEirebeapart. Hedoesnotguess,thatardenthumble youth, AswestwardturnhisfootstepstowardsFocuth, Wherewaitsashiptobear-himfar away, ThatonMarchmornsinagesyetunborn, Churchbellswillchime,andmillions kneeltopray, BecauseGodbidsthemhonourPatrick'sDay.

PRIESTGIVESADVICEONHOW TOGETDATES.

Adviceonhowtogetdatesisgiven bytheRev.DanielLord,S.J.,ina pamphlet,"WhyBeaWallflower?"a companionpiecetohis"WhatToDo OnADate."

"Thereisadecidedlackofbalance," hestresses,"betweenthecarefulpreparationforsecondarycareers-law, medicine,teaching,evenbusiness-aid thehaphazardboltingintomarriage, therealmreer."

Oneofthebiggesthandicapstogettingdates,thepriestcontinues,isthe tendencyofmembersofbothsexesto wanttodateonlythebest.Asto this,heurgesyouthandgirlstostayin theirownclass.Headvisesboysto consultgirlsastowheretheyliketo goandnotattempttoforcetheirentertainmentpreferences.Astogirls, headds,manylosedatesbecauseof theirtooobviouspursuitofthem.

Girlsshouldbefairdancers.Boys andgirlsshouldhaveasenseofhumour.Parentscanhelpbyarranging socialfunctionsfo*theirchildren. Brothersandsister4shouldhelpeach othergetdates.Youngmenshould acquire11reputationforgentlecourtesy.

"Thewholequestionofgettingadate isbynomeansanabstruse,occult one,"heconcludes."Itisamatterof beingintheplaceswhereyoungpeopleare-home,school,theparish, office,plant-cultivatingatemperamentandintereststhatpeoplefind attractive,andafteronehasbeeninvitedonce,dependinguponpersonalityandskilfullydevelopedcharm.The questionofdatesissolvedifparents andfriendsandbrothersandsisters lendahelpfulhand.

"Ultimatelyitdependsuponasmile thatishalfagiftfromGodandhalf theresultofthoughtfultraining,an attitudeofsympatheticinterestand readysympathy,andafrankenjoymentoflifeinothers'company."

AllKeenHousewivesMEATat BONNY'S MT.HAWTHORN'SLEADING BUTCHER, PromptDeliveriesDaily. 'Phone134333,orcallat 414OXFORDSTREET.

WhatisDemocracy?

TOquestionanAustralian,any Australian,regardingthemeaningof"democracy"isfoolhardy.Itisratherlikeaskingaprofessionalheavyweightifheknows whatismeantbysolarplexus.Both queriesareliabletobeinterpretedas studiedinsults,andthetactlessseeker afterTruthwillprobablyfinditatthe bottomofawell. Forwhocouldbemoredemocratic thanwe.Wethoughtoftheideaof free,compulsoryeducation,sothatit becamepossibleforeventheleast likelystudentsomedaytoframeour lawsandleadthenation.Then,of allEnglish-speakingcountries(the otherscanhardlycompeteinthematterofdemocracy),wewerefirsttointroducecompulsoryuniversalmilitary training,toensurethatthewilling horsewasnotworkedtodeathbut thateverymandidhisshareinthedefenceofthecountry.Itistruewe ultimatelyfailedtodragoonbanking intheinterestsofthecommunity,but theCommonwealthBank,asoriginally conceived,wasfarinadvanceofcontemporaryproposals.Andwehad enoughsensetodroptheimportedNationalInsurancescheme,whenitbecamepatentthatitsclasscompulsion wasservileratherthanprogressive.

Agoodmanypeople,particularly thosewhoidentify'democracy"with personalfreedom,arerathershocked bytheintroductionofthesecompulsoryreforms.EvenCaptainFrancis McCullagh,aCatholic,oneofthe world'smostfamouswarcorrespondents,andajournalistwithsomefortysixyearsofexperiencebehindhimnin Europe,America,andtheEast,stigmatisesonthisveryaccountthecountrywhichaspirestobe"thearsenalof Democracy.""America,"hesays,"is anti-democratic,andisbecomingmore anti-democraticeveryday."But,as ProfessorMurdochpointedoutina recentnewspaperarticle,"noonewh, understandswhatdemocracymeans imaginesthatcompulsionisinallcircumstancesundemocratic."

Yetwhoreallydoesunderstand whatdemocracymeans?Certainly nottheLabourM.P.Ioverheardduringtheweekdiscoursinginacityhotel. Hehasspentalifetimeintheservice ofthepeople,butonlyofrecent monthshasentertainedseriousscruplesabout"democracy."Heconfessedtoahumblingconfusiononthe point.Perhapsthisisthetypeof politicianthePostmaster-General(SenatorMcLeav)hasreferredtoas"f.a.q."

Buttheincidenceofthewarhas broughttheterm(atleast)backto thespotlight.Itishightimewe madesomeefforttoclarifyouroverlappingandemotionalisedideason thesubjecct,andreachedsomesort ofHighestCommonFactorwhichwe canallapplytotheword.

"BYthePeople."

AccordingtotheShorterOxford Dictionarydemocracymeanssimply "governmentbythepeople."The troubleariseswhenwetrytoputthis principleintopractice,thatisin "makingdemocracywork."Itwas easyenoughto_Applywhenthecommunitywasaself-containedtribeof somefewhundredindividuals.Author-

itycouldbedirectlyexercisedbythe headsoffamiliesactinginconcert.In avastcomplicatedsocietysuchasour ownthepowermustbedelegatedto officerselectedbythemassofpeople. Wecanhardlyboastthatourpresent systemofrepresentationistrulyeffectiveandthusreallydemocratic.

Aninterestingparallelisseeninthe sadhistoryofthejoint-stockcompany.Essentiallydemocraticinconception,thebindingtogetherinco operativefashionofanumberofsmall propertyownerstofinancelarge-scale production,thejointstockcompanyin pointoffactheraldedthedestruction ofrealindependententerpriseandthe concentrationoftheentireresources ofthenationinafewhands-notnecessarilytheownersbutoftenmereadministratorsofthefunds.Thusin timethedirectorsoustedtheshareholdersfromcontrolofthecompany, evenasthatwhichwasacclaimedthe "VoiceoftheNation"becamemerely averyefficientCommitteeunderthe dictatorshipofaprivilegedclass.

Sinceinfactourpeopledonotgovernthemselves,'democracy"must meanmuchmorethanmereself-governmentorelse,asDr.Goebbelssuggests,wearefightingtopreservesomethingwehavenotgot.Anditishard-

lyconceivablethatanypeopleshould bedeludedasallthat.Wehavenot officiallydeclaredourwaraims,butas itisgenerallyacceptedthatthepresentconflictisbutacontinuationof WorldWarpartI,itmaybegranted thatourpurposenowistoachievethat whichweonlypartlysucceededin doing25yearsago.Then,asnow, onewordsymbolisedourresolution,as expressedbyWoodrowWilsoninhis WarAddresstoCongressonApril2, 1917:"Theworldmustbemadesafe fordemocracy.Weshallfightforthe thingswhichwehavealwayscarried nearestourhearts-democracy."

SocialJustice.

Itisobvious,then,that"democracy"hascometomeanverymuch moretousthanthesimpleideaof self-government.Itisnolessthan ouridealsocialphilosophy,embracingallthosethingswehavealways carriednearestourhearts.Itno moremeansrulebycorruptpoliticiansthanthatNazismimpliesnothing morethanintimidationbyterrorists, r#4.4

-#.....~#,......#0..........r.

Tributetothe Democratic Dead

Theworldwilllittlenotenor longrememberwhatwesay here,butitcanneverforget whattheydidhere. Itis ratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremaining beforeus-thatfromthese honoureddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcausefor whichtheygavethelastfull measureofdevotion;thatwe herehighlyresolvethatthese deadshallnothavediedin vain;thatthisnation,under God,shallhaveanewbirthof` freedom;andthatgovernment ofthepeople,bythepeople, forthepeople,shallnotperish fromtheearth.-AbrahamLincolaatGettysburgNational Cemetery,November19,1863.

andCommunismsignifiesonlyvictimisationbyassassins.Eachofthese thingspostulatesanideology,anddemocracynolessisawayoflife.

Whatisthewayoflifeenvisaged bydemocracy,andwhyareweor'paredtosacrificeeverythingtomaintainthatvisioninthefaceofthreats irumwithout?

Nutafewhaveconfusedthedemocraticideawiththesocialistprogramme ofcommunityownershipofthesources ofproduction,etc.Thecomplexityof theforcesunloosedbytheFrenchRevolutionisresponsibleforagooddeal ofthisconfusion,whichmustbecarefullyunravelledifweareyettobenefitironsthatfirstexperimentalflight ofthemodernspirittowardsanadequatepersonalfreedomthroughsocialjustice. 'Oneofthegreatestdisastersthat happenedtomoderncivilisationwas furdemocracytoinscribe'liberty'on itsbannersinsteadof'justice',"Mgr. FultonSheen,ofNewYork,pointed outinarecentradiobroadcast.Thus wehaveseentheanarchicdemocracy whichbaseshumanrightsontheindividualismofRousseau(over-emphasisingtherighttodoasyouplease), givewaytothefinalservilityofnationalsocialism(whereinonedoesonly whattheall-mightyStatepleases).The genuinedemocracy,whichguarantees adequaterightsforeachindividual humanperson,throughrecognitionof theworthoftheindividualsoul,has yettobeappliedcloselytotherelationsofhumanbeingsinallstrataof society.But1789,thoughitushered inahostofabuses,wasalsoaguaranteethattheidealhadbeenglimpsed andardentlysought. Forthough youwillalmostcertainlyfailtoestablishademocracythrougharevolution, theseedsofdemocracymustbepresenttohavearevolutionatall.

TheChristianEthic. Forme,democracymeansanoutlookinvolvingtheapplicationofthe i'hristianfaithtosociallife.ThecentralChristiandutyofcharity,expressedinthecommand"dountoothersas youwouldthatmenshoulddotoyou," issurelytheessenceoftheidealweall cherish.Whereassocialisminevitably introducesalevellingdownprocess,inspiredbythemaxim,"I'masgoodas youare,"democracyjustassurely

raisestheacceptedstandardsbyinsistingthat"You'reasgoodasIam." Equalityistheaiminbothcases,but whereoneleadstorepressivemeasurestheotherinspiresahelpfulspirit ofco-operation.Italldependsonfhe pointofview.

Democracy,thusunderstood, drawsitsinspirationfromChristianity.Itisanattempttotake seriouslythedoctrineofJesusconcerningthebrotherhoodofman andthedignityoftheindividual soul,andtofashionsocietyaiong thoselines.

Thedemocraticspiritwouldseemto manifestitselfinthreemaindirections:political,economic,andsocial.

POLITICALLY,itdemandsfreedom;self-determinationfortheindividualandtheinstitutioninsofar asiscompatiblewiththecommon good.Thiswouldseemattainable onlyinasocietyorderedalongcorporatelines.Oursystemofmass ballotatthree-yearintervalshardly constitutesself-government.

ECONOMICALLY,democracyfavoursequality,everseekingtoeliminate luxuryontheonehandanddestitutionontheother.Itaimstoguaranteeeveryfamilythemaximum comfortthenationalwealthcanprovide.Thepracticeofunrestrained competitionisdestructiveofeventhe semblanceofequalityinthedistributionofwealth.Itspread-eaglesa neatlydove-tailedsocietyjustaseffectivelyasasprintgalloperbreaks upaCupfieldontheracetrack.The pointisthattheerraticpace-makeris unabletomakethedistance,justas ourgo-aheadindividualismisevennow peteringout.Theoneenvironment inwhichdemocracycanachievestabilityiswherepropertyismoreorless evenlydistributedthroughoutthe community.Andfreedomitselfcan onlybepreservedwhenasufficient numberofthepeoplethemselvescontrolthemeansoftheirownlivelihood.

Thiseconomicdemocracy,orDistributism,isthesinequanonofareal democraticsociety.Itsabsenceis becomingincreasinglythedistinguishingfeatureofourown.

SOCIALLY,thedemocraticspirit inculcatesfraternity.Itinsistsonthe worthoftheindividualsoulasrevealedbytheChristianreligion,andguaranteesadequaterightsforeachhuman person.InAustraliawehavenoingrainedtraditionofsnobberynorof classprivilege,butthemateshipwe cultivatedunderstressofpioneering isthreatenedbyanartificialdistinction basedonbankaccounts.

Judgedbythesestandards,weseem badlyinneedofaneworder.Apart frombeinginthegripofthemoney power,whatevercurbsweimposeon capitalistindividualismareinthedirectionofsocialism.Wearemoving awayfromdemocracybyanexcessive controloflife,anexpandingbureaucraticmachine(theratioofcivilservantstotherestofthecommunityis saidtobenowabout1in10),multiplicationofofficialformstobefilled

NAPOLEONBONAPARTE. achievedthemilitaryvictoriesof theRevolution. intriplicate,andfinally,byarbitrary compulsionandthesubserviencesthat arebeingerectedateveryturnin coffin.human life,fromtheclinictothe Allofwhichonlyemphasises,asJeffersonwarneduslongago,thatthe qualificationsofself-governmentand independencearenotinnate.Inso farasitsurpassesotherformsofgovernment,somuchharderisittorealise. Whereallmenrule,allmenmustbe strong,highprincipled,just,self-controlled,willingtobowtothehonest willofthemajority,courageousenough toobeythe"lawstheythemselveshave made.Democracyisthefruitofhabit andlongtraining,anddemandstime andmuchsuffering.

Evennowwemustendureworld wartopreserveourideal.Thestruggleresolvesitselfintoafighttothe finishbetweentwoincompatiblenew orders:theneworderofnationalsocialism-theservilestate-andthe possibleneworderofdemocracywhichwehavenotyet,butforwhich weshouldbestriving.

Foritshouldbeobviousnowthat democracymustbeearned,evenat thecostofblood.Inseekingtopreservetheidealatanycost,wehopeto deservetherealitywhenthemilitary victoryiswon.Meanwhilewemay profitbytheadviceofLycurgustoa manwhodemandedtheestablishment ofademocracyinSparta: Gothou,andfirstestablishdemocracyinthyhousehold.

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LetAmerica

HerselfDecide

Mr.F.J.Sheed,thewell-knownpublisher,contributesthisshortarticleto theLondon"Universe."AnAustralian,hisviewsareofparticularinterestjustnowwiththeLendandLease Billfocussingpublicattention.

ICLAIMnoinfallibilityfortheseimpressionsofAmericanopinionIt iseasytobewrongevenabout one'sowncountry.Butatleastmy contactwithAmericaisrecent-Ionly returnedtoEnglandaweekago;it coversafairlywideground-publishingandlecturinghavetakenmethese lastmonthstoeverypartofAmerica, exceptthePacificCoast;andIhave asmuchaffectionforAmericaasitis properforamantohaveforacountrynothisown.

Withthataspreambleletustakeas curfirstcertaintythatAmericais overwhelminglyforusasagainstHitler-apartfromthetiniestminority, Americaispassionatelydesiroustocee Hitlerismbrokentopieces.Thisis notthefeelingofonesortofpeoplein oneareaofthecountry;itisuniversal. Eveninstreet-cornerspeaking fortheCatholicEvidenceGuildinAm erica,Ifoundthesamething;for thoughIdidnotmentionHitler,the hecklersdidandtherewasnomistakingthefeelingofthecrowd.Even theIsolationistsdonotthinkitamatterofindifferencewhowinsthewar: againwithrareexceptiontheywant Hitlerbeaten.

ItisnotthatanyonethinksEngland all-virtuous;butthatwithallhersins onherheadthereisstillnocomparisonpossiblebetweenherandthehorrorsheisfacing.Andindeedthefeelingisalsopresentthatshehasatoned foragoodmanyofhersinsbythe magnificenceofherbearingunderthe airraids.Oneoftheloudestcheers IheardinAmericawasforaspeaker whoconcludedhisspeechwiththe words:"Atthislatestageofmylife, forthefirsttimeinmylife,IfindmyselfwishingthatIhadevenadrop ofEnglishbloodinmyveinstobe proudof."

Allthisbeingso,youask,whyis Americanotinthewarwithus,orat leastwhyaretherestillbarrierstothe fulnessofheraidtous?Heremisunderstandingiseasyacrossthewidthof anocean.Themenwhowantatall coststokeepAmericaoutofthewar arehonourablemen.SenatorHiram JohnsonandSenatorBorahbeforehim, whosenamesstandforIsolation,are menofwhomanylegislaturemightbe proud.DorothyDayandhercomradesintheCatholicWorkermovement,whostandforanextremeof Catholicpacifism,arepeopleofreal nobilityoflife.Toanyonewhoknows Americans,thesuggestionthattheyareafraidtofightisfantastic.They

MR.F.J.SHRED.

"Hitlerisourbestpropagandist." arenomoreenamouredofwarthan anyothersanenation;buttheyareso moreafraidofwarthananyother healthynation.Theywouldnotbe penuriouseitheroftheirmoneyor theirblood,iftheirmindwereonce clear, Buttheirmindisnotyetclear. Therearethosewhothinkthatparticipationinthiswarwouldberuinousto Americaevenifherintervention broughtdefeattoHitlerism;thereare thosewhodoubtwhetherAmerica coulddoanypermanentgoodtoEuropebyhelpingtodefeatHitlerism.

Theonethingcertainisthatthey aredeterminedtomaketheirown mindup.ThesortofEnglishman whowagsanaccusingfingeratthem andsays:"It'syourwarandyou knowit,"simplymaddensthemand setsthembacktowardsIsolation.They feel-whetherrightlyorwronglyisirrelevant-thattheyweregotintothe lastwarbyhigh-pressuresalesmanship. Theyaredeterminednottobehighpressuredintothis.Scoldingthemis notonlyunjusttothembutdefeats itsownends.

Theyaregladtoknowfromofficial spokesmenwhatourneedsare,butnot asdemands.Idonotknowwhat limittheywillultimatelysettotheextentoftheiraidtousorwhetherthey willsetanylimitatall.Itisfor themtodecide,andeveniftheirdecisiondisappointsus,itwillcertainly bearrivedathonourablyinthelight ofthesituationastheyseeit.Howeverimpatientwemayfeel,itwillbe betterforusinthelongrunthat whateveraidtheydecidetogiveus, theywillgiveasaresultoftheirown consideredjudgment.MeanwhileHitlerisourbestpropagandist:andIam allforleavingittohim.

LENTENLECTUREII.

Evidence (6-17e (Resurrection

AseriesofLentensermonsonthe reasonablenessofourFaitharebeing deliveredoneachSundayeveningduringtheHolySeasoninSt.Mary'sCathedralat7.30p.m.Thepreacheris Rev.FatherE.McLoughlin,C.SS.R., oftheRedemptoristMonastery,North Perth.Asummaryofthesecondlectureappearsbelow:-

Inthelastlecture,wehaveseen, howChristafterthreeyearsofintense activityonlysucceededinwinninga fewdisciplestoHiscause;butafter HisdeathHisGospelspreadwith amazingrapidity.Someeventof superhumanmagnitudemusthave takenplaceafterthedeathofChrist togivemeaningandcolourtothe phenomenaladvanceoftheGospel. ThateventwastheResurrection. Nothinglesscouldexplainit.Those whorejecttheResurrectionarefaced withagiganticproblem,inexplaining howafewJewsfiredtheworldof theirdaywithenthusiasmfortheGospel.TheApostlesweremenwithout education,withoutoffice,without money,withoutprestige:menwhohad spenttheirlivesasfishermen.Yet wehavethehistoricalfactthatthey succeededinestablishingaGospelthat demandedvariousformsofself-sacrifice.

Somestupendoushappeningsmust havetakenplaceafterthedeathof Christtobreakdownalloppositionto theGospelteaching.Notonlymust somesucheventhavetakenplace,but theApostlesmusthavebeenpossessed ofsomewonderfulsecretforconvinc ingtheiraudiencesofdifferentnationsandtongues,thatsuchastupendouseventdidtakeplace.Thatwon. derfulsecrettheApostlespossessed ofconvincingtheirhearersoftheResurrection,wastheverysimplesecret thattheythemselveswerelivingwit nessestotheRisenChrist.

OurevidencefortheResurrection arethehistoricaldocuments,dating fromthefirstcentury,calledtheGospels.TwoofthosefourwritersactuallytookpartinChrist'sministry, heardHisteachings,witnessedHis dreadfuldeath,andspokeanddined withHimafterHisResurrection.The othertwowriters,thoughtheydidnot knowChristpersonally,sharedthe ministryoftheApostlesandhad,consequently,first-handinformationfrom them.ThetestimonyofthesehistoricaldocumentstotheResurrection ofChristmaynotreasonablyberejectedwithoutrejectingthetestimony ofallhistoricaldocuments.Wehave asmuchhistoricalevidenceforthe DeathandResurrectionofChrist aswehaveforthediscoveryofAustraliabyCaptainCook.

ButwhentheApostleswentforthto preachtheGospel,theyhadhigher credentialsthanhistoricaldocuments. TheywerelivingwitnessestotheResurrection.Thelivingwitnesscarries immeasurablymoreconvictionthan thehistoricaldocument.Thesincerityandhonestyofthelivingwitness canmanifestthemselvesinhisvoice andgesture.Thelivingwitnesscan beinterrogated,examined,andcrossexaminedbyhisaudience.Hissoundnessofjudgmentandhispowersof observationcanbetestedbyhishearers.Hisprobityoflife,hismoralintegrity,hisself-sacrifice,allcome underthejudgmentofthosetowhom hedelivershismessage.Allthetests forextractingtruthfromwitnessesin ourcivilcourtswereathand,when theApostlesborewitnesstotheResurrectionofChrist.

vincetheiraudiencesoftheResurrection,thatintheirownlifetimethe Gospelwasacceptedinplacesastar distantfromeachotherasAntioch andAthens,asEphesusandRom,co thoroughlydidtheApostlesconvince theworldoftheirdayofthetruthof theResurrection,thatbeforethedeath ofthelastApostle,theChristian Churchwasfirmlyestablishedand,at leastfourPopeshadsucceededeach othertotheSeeofRome. Andnowthatthosewitnessestothe Resurrectionarealldead,andnow thattheworldthatacceptedtheirtestimonyhaspassed,itisunworthyof anyscholartoquestionthattestimony evergain.

(Thenextlecturewilldealwiththe ProtestantattitudetotheCatholic Church.)

IntLESSONofNAZARETH

THEChildofBethlehem,Mary, HisBlessedandImmaculate Mother,St.Joseph,Hisfosterfather,madeupthelittleHolyFamily,which,initsbeginningasinits continuance,untilSt.Josephdiedand Christ,OurLord,leftHisBlessed MothertobeginHispublicministry, wasthetypeandmodelofallChristianfamilies.Primarily,'ofcourse, GodtheSontookuponHimselfhuman natureinordertoredeemusthrough Hishumansufferingsandhuman death.HearrangedthatHisbirth shouldtakeplaceatBethlehemtofulfiltheprophecies,butHebeganthe long,painfuljourneyofHishuman existencebybecomingamemberof ahumanfamily.

Therefore,loveandself-sacrifice mustbefoundintheChristianhome, ifthathomeistobewhatGodwants ittobe.WhenGodinstitutedmarriageHeimplantedinthenatureof manthatineradicablelovewhichhas beenmanifestedthroughouttheages betweenmanandwomanwhosetout tolivetogetherandfoundafamily.God alsoimplantedintheheartsoffather andmotheranelevatedself-sacrificing lovefortheirchildren,andintheheart ofthechildanaturalloveofparents, confidingandunfailing.

Familylifeto-dayneedsthelesson ofloveanditsessentialqualityofselfsacrifice.Theconditionsoflifefor thefamilyofto-dayarenoteasy. Theygiverisetocontinualanxiety. greatdisquietude,sometimestoafeelingnotfarremovedfromutterdepression,andonemightalmostsay, despair. Theselfishness,avarice, cruelty,dominationorthefewmake themajorityunhappy.

Thehusbandneedsahometowhich hewillmorethanwillinglyreturn fromthenoiseandClamourofallthis conflict.Hemustfindinthathome theloyalloveof'awife,who,byher characteristicvirtuesof'sympathyand tenderness,willmakethehomea placeofrefuge,asitwere,andtryto putitandkeepitinthefirstplacein herownheartandintheheartofher husband.Thatconjugallove,cementedandstrengthenedandelevatedby theloveofchildrenwillsupplyasolacewhichnothingelsecangive.

known makers,

thecoloursandqualities youarelikelytorequire,plusacompleterangeofKnittingNeedles,PatternBooksandothersundries.We inviteyoutoseetherange-now!

Youmustrememberalsothatthe Apostleswerenotaddressingignorant andunletteredpeoples.Theywere preachingtonationswhoseculturehas neversincebeepsurpassed.:Greect andRome.Inthisageofours,we stillcopythearchitectureofthe GreekstowhomtheApostlespreached theGospel.ThosebeautifulCorinthianpillarsthatdecorateourchurchesandornamentthepublicbuildingsofourAustraliancities,areborrowedfromthosesameCorinthians,to whomSt.Pauladdressedhisfamous "EpistletotheCorinthians."Andin thatsameEpistleSt.Paulstressesthe Resurrectionasthefoundationofthe Gospel.Hesays,"IfChristbenot risenfromthedead,thenvainisyour faith,andvainourpreaching."Yet sosuccessfullydidtheApostlescon-

Yetintoomanycaseswefind thatsuchhappinessisnotrealised. Whyisitnot?Thefatherwhoseeks most,ifnotall,ofthispleasureoutsidethefamilycircle,andtreatswife andchildrenasacquaintancesonly,is notthefatherwhothinksanythingat allabouttheexampleofSt.Joseph. Themotherwhowantstoliveherown independentlifechoosingherfriends andrecreations,leavingtotheanythingbutmotherlycareofanother theupbringingofherchildren,or child,whenamother'sloveismostof allwanted,suchamotherthinks nothingatallabouttheexampleof theImmaculateMotherofGod.So, too,thechildrenwho,astheyarrive attheperilousageofadolescence,and arethrustoutintotheworldtofight thecompetitivestrugglewithothers, lookupontheirhomeasaplacefor eatingandsleepingonly,and-disturbingdevelopnientofmodernfamilies-givenoaccountoftheircomingsin,toolatetosayfamilyprayersin common,oranyprayersatall,they arenotthesonsanddaughterswho thinkatallabouttheexampleofthe DivineInfantandYouth.-Liverpool "CatholicRecord."

PontificalMissionAidSocieties

1940 AYEAROFPROGRESS

ThereportoftheDiocesanDirectorofthePontificalMission,AidSocieties(Rev.J.J.Rafferty)readattheQuarterlyConferenceofthe PriestsoftheMetropolitanAreaonthe7tb.inst.,revealsanotheryear ofsuccessfulactivityonbehalfoftheMissions.AstheDirectorpointedout,thereweremanyreasonswhyanoticeabledeclineduringthepast yearwouldnothavebeensurprising,ccnsideringthetimesinwhichwe live,yetinspiteofmanydifficulties,theSocietieshavemadefurther progress,

IIisindeedgratifyingthattheconstantappealofHisHolinessthe PopeonbehalfoftheForeignMissionsoftheChurchismeetingwith suchareadyresponsethroughoutAustralia.TheworkoftheMissionsmust goon.Intimeofwarasintimeof peacetheGospelmustbe'preached toeverycreature."Yetduringthese troubleddays,theMissionsarefaced withgreaterdifficultiesthanbefore, theleastofwhichisnotthefactthat thecountriesofEuropewhichfor centurieshaveprovidedmaterialand spiritualaidtoMissionsinallparts oftheworld,have,ofnecessity,paused intheirgreatwork.

Whither,then,musttheMissions turnforaid?

ToAustralia,andtocountriessuch asAustralia,asyetfreefromthehorrorsofwarwithintheirshores.And theCatholicsofthisfairlandarerallyinggallantlytothecause.TheNationalDirectoroftheMissionAidSocietieshaslatelyreportedayearofunprecedentedeffortineverydiocesein thecountryonbehalfoftheMissions, anditispleasingtonotethatthe faithfuloftheArchdioceseofPerthare generously,shoulderingtheirshareof theresponsibilityofseeingthatthe workoftheMissionswillgoonin spiteofallobstacles.

AWordofThanks.

GratefulthanksareduetoHisGrace theArchbishopforhisnever-failing interestinandsupportoftheMission aidSocieties,thepriestsandtheteacherswhohavegiventheirwholehearted supporttotheDiocesanDirector throughoutthepastyear.

TothePromotersweofferoursincerestgratitudeandcongratulations,and toallmembersofthesocietyour thanks,fortheirloyaltyandzealfur thewelfareoftheMissions.

Thechildrendeserveaspecialword ofpraise.Theirhalfpennieshave comeininanunbrokenstream throughouttheyear,slowlybutsurely mountingup,untilthegrandtotalfur theyearreached£228lOs7d-almost £100morethan1939. Nowordsof ourscanconveytothelittleonesour deepsenseofgratitudefortheirsplendidhelp.MayGodrewardthemfor thesacrificeswhichmadesucharesult possible,andmayHeshowerHisblessingsdownuponthem,anduponthe teacherswhohaveinstilledintotheir youngmindsthatloveoftheforeign Missionsandthatspiritoffaithwhich madethesesacrificespossible.

"GOTOJOSEPH"

INthestruggleforsocialjusticein Australiaitiswelltoremember thatexistinginjusticehasbeen developedbymen,andthatthereconstructionofthesocialorderon Christianprinciplesdependslargely'in thewillingnessofmentoacceptthe Christiantheoryoflife.Mencreated predatorycapitalism;menpatiently soughttodestroytheauthorityofthe Church,believingthatithamperedmaterialprogress;far-seeingindividuals plannedtoreducethebulkofthecone munitytoproletarianstatus,convinced thattherebywouldbecreatedanefficientandreliablelabourforceforenhancedwealthproduction.

Theexistingcapitalisticregimeisnot theresultofablindinevitableevolutionaryprocess.Wearenotpawnsin thehandsofanunintelligentFate,but, underDivineProvidencecanreconstructthesocialorderifwedesireto doso.

Tostabilisetheideainthemindsof Australiansthatexistingsocialinjusticewasinevitableandwaslargelydue tomysteriouseconomiclaws,almost everychannelofpublicityandvehicle ofpropagandahasbeencontrolledfor longyears.Torrentsofeloquenceand tonsofprintedmatterhavedeluged thiscountry,and,underthispsychologicalbatteringAustralianshavegraduallysuccumbedtoatheoryoflifethat hasproveddisastrous.Inrecentyears asacounter-moveblastsofalmost mysticverbiagefromtheCommunist propagandamachineshavebeenaimed attheLiberalcreatedpublicopinionin anattempttoobtainacceptanceofa rivalsetofmysteriouslawsandblind processes.

InthesedayswhenLiberalismisa provedfailureandCommunistpropagandahasfallenflat,itisnotsurprisingtofindinmanywalksoflifethat theideaofChristiansocialreconstruc. tionisgainingground.One(anonCatholicswhohaslonghadleaningsto theLeft,says:"PopeLeowasmore radical,morefundamental,thanMarx," andtheship'sstewardroundsoffatiradeofcondemnationtotheChurch withtheremark,"but,thereisnoalternativetoChristianity."

ThesoundnessoftheChristiantheory oflifegainsground,andmenwilltodaylistentothesuggestionthatthat theoryappliedtoeconomiclifeisfeasibleandpracticableinAustralia.The materialististoohamperedbyhis ownideastoleadinsocialreconstruction.Theremustbeleadership-from Christians.

AChristianisonewhoseprinciples embracelifeasawhole.Thereismore inChristianlifethanthefulfilmentof aroutineofreligiousduties,andour countryhasneedofmenandwomen whowillbringChristianprincipleseffectivelytobearoneveryphaseoflife.

ThismonththeChurchcelebratesthe FeastdaycfSt.Joseph,whoisconspicuousbecausehedidjustthat.

St.JosephlivedtheChristianlifeand twentycenturieslaterthefactisstill obvious.TheChristianworldisstill II11i111111111111111111, if

awedbythatbenevolentandunassumingmanwhosecottageandworkshop formedavestibuleofHeaven,whose feetwereundustandshavings,and whoseeyesweresooftenturnedtoOne whomprophetshadhailedasKingof KingsandLordofLords.Thereisno needofhistoricaldatatoconvinceus thatthehomeofNazarethwasthe sceneofChristianlifeatitsbestbefore lle,whowastheSunofJustice,would walkabroadamongHiscompatriots withthegoodnewsthatcoulddeliver themfrominjusticetoGodandtheir fellowmen.

ThecottageandworkshopofJoseph, the"justman,"wereafittingsetting fortheinfancyandyouthoftheChrist, whowaslatertoteachthattheChristianlifemeanthappinessinspiteof poverty,sufferingandlabour,andto spreadthathappinessamongthose whowerewillingtoputasidetheir ownideasandsystemsofthoughtto followHim.

St.Josephsucceedswhere,inlater years,Nicodemuswastohesitateand theyoungman"whohadgreatposses. sions"wastofranklyfail.Christ's generation,asawhole,failedtograsp thefactthatthehighesthumanhappinesscouldbeattainedthroughasacrificeofself,andevenmaterialwealth. OurgenerationinAustraliatendsto baulkatthesamepropositionthough, Godknows,theyhungerforhappiness andforanassurancethatlifeisworth living.

SoforAustraliansof1941,seekinga happinessdeniedthembytheirown materialisticage,theadvice,"Goto Joseph,"ismostappropriate.St.Josephattainedneitherwealthnorstreamlinedcomfort,butheisthehappyman whosehappinesshasalwaysoverflowed tothosewhosoughtitwherehefound it.

450HAYSTREET,Perth

TELEPHONE:89141. PERTH,THURSDAY,MARCH13.1941.

OwnerslipanMarraage

InanencyclicallettertotheUnitedStatesHierarchyonthe 150th.Anniversaryoftheirestablishment,ourHolyFather,Pius XII,madethismostmomentousstatement:"Allovertheworld ourtroubleshaveonebitterroot. TheignoringofGod'sMajesty,thecompleteneglectofHisHeavenlyCommandments,orat bestawoefulinconsistencythatcandonothingbuthesitatebetweenrightandwrong.Itisthisthatgivesrisetoourblind excessofself-love-toourthirstforpleasure theflightfrom theland,tolevityinmarriage."Thisassociationof"theflight fromtheland"and"levityinmarriage,"isnotachanceone,andis inparticularattherootoftheAustraliantragedy.PopeLeoXIII relatedthesetwoelementsinhiscelebratedEncyclical,"Rerum Novarum.""Thelaw,"hesaid,"shouldfavourownership;and itspolicyshouldbetoinduceasmanyaspossibleofthepeople tobecomeowners."Manyexcellentresultswillfollowfromthis, andfirstofallpropertywillcertainlybecomemoreequitablydivided. Anotherconsequencewillbethegreatabundanceofthe fruitsoftheearth. Andathirdadvantagewouldarisefrom this:Menwouldclingtothecountryinwhichtheywereborn;for noonewouldexchangehiscountryforaforeignlandifhisown affordedhimthemeansoflivingatolerableandhappylife."

*

Nowifownershipshouldspreadasfaraspossible,andifthe ownershipofthehomeisthefamily'sfirstneed,thentheflightfrom thelandisseenasaflightfrommarriageasasacramenttomarriageas"asportorpastime."Ourfightagainstcontraceptionand theassociatedsocialevils,then,isnotmerelyinthemoraldomain. Ithasbeenurgedagainandagainthat"ourmoderninbornindustrialarrangementoftheworldcannotpayaneconomicwage, whichwillpayaneconomicrent."Toignorethisistohaveno accurateviewoftheoriginofthatsociallymortaldisease-race suicide.Wherewelldistributedownershipallowsparentsofaveragevirtueandaverageself-sacrificetohavetheaveragefamily. marriageremainsonahighplanewithoutbeingheroic.But thishighplanebecomesheroicfortheparentsofonlynormalvirtue andself-sacrificeintheabnormalcircumstancesofuncertainwages andexcessivehouserent.Nowonderthatthesepooraverage townsfolk,ledbycircumstancestodespairofreachingthehigh divinely-orderedplaneofwedlock,expresstheirdespairbytheir Acceptanceofamerelysexualoutlookonmarriage.OfalloccupationalgroupsinSociety,theAgriculturalisfundamentallyof mostimportance.Modernindustrymightbetermedunnecessary, insofaraswecouldexistwithoutthemotorcar,thewirelessset, theelectriclight,andsoon.Weshould,however,farebadly withouttheproduceoftheland.LeoXIII,in"RerumNovarum," statesagain:"Natureowestomanastorehousethatshallnever fail,thedailysupplyofhisdailywants.Andthishefindsonlyin theinexhaustiblefertilityoftheearth."

Andagain,PiusX1wasinsistentonthispointin"Quadrages'imoAnno":"Thereistheimmensearmyofhiredrurallabourers whoseconditionisdepressedtotheextreme,andwhohavenohope ofeverobtainingashareintheland.These,unlessefficaciousremediesheapplied,willremainperpetuallysunkintheproletariat condition."WecannotforgetthatCatholicismitwasthattransferredtheserfintothepeasant,thepeasantintothepeasantproprietor,andthatcapitalisticindustrialismhasbeenbusyeversince reversingthisprocess.Napoleonwrote:"Agricultureisthesoul, thefoundationoftheKingdom;industryministerstothecomfort andhappinessoftheKingdom;foreigntradeoughttobetheservantofagricultureandhomeindustry.Theselastshouldbesubordinatetotrade."Butthepositionreallycanbesummarisedin thisformula:Somewrestalivingfromtheland-thisiswork. Somewrestalivingfromthosewhowrestalivingfromthelandthisistrade.Somewrestalivingfromthosewhowrestaliving fromthosewhowrestalivingfromtheland-thisisfinance! Goldsmithwasindeedprophetic: "Illfarestheland,tohasteningillsaprey, Wherewealthaccumulatesandmendecay; Princesandlordsmayflourish,ormayfade, Abreathcanmakethem,asabreathhasmade Butaholdpeasantry,theircountry'spride, Whenoncedestroyedcanneverhesupplied."

NATIONALDAYOF PRAYER-MARCH23rd.

HisGracetheArchbishop directsthatSunday,March23, beobservedthroughoutthe Archdioceseasadayofspecial prayer,inaccordancewiththe wishesofHisMajestytheKing. TherewillbeExpositionofthe BlessedSacramentineveryparishchurch(wherepossible), commencingafterlastMassand concludingwithaHolyHourin theevening.

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

March16(Morning):InductRevT LinnaneasParishPriestatHoly CrossChurch,Cunderdin.

Evening:InductRev.J.Lynchas ParishPriestatSt.Joseph'sChurch, Northam.

March17:AttendConcertatHisMajesty'sTheatre.

March19:PresideattheannualdinneroftheinmatesoftheLittleSistersofthePoor.

March20:Receivedebutantesatthe BusseltonCatholicBall.

March23:CanonicalVisitationand ConfirmationatSt.Patrick'sChurch, Bunbury.

March30:CanonicalVisitationatthe ChurchoftheImmaculateConcep tion,Busselton.

PreparationsforSt.Charles'Seminary

QUEENSLANDLEADSTHEWAY.

THEfirstMinorSeminaryinAustraliawasopenedlastSunday. Althoughtheactualinaugurationofthenew"PiusXII"Seminary atBrisbaneattractedverylittleattentionoutsideQueensland,itwasneverthelessoneofthemostimportant eventsofthekindtotakeplacein Australiaforsometime.

Itisthebeginningoftherealisation ofoneofthefondesthopesofour HolyFatherthePopeandofthe prayersandeffortsofhisgreatpredecessor,PiusXI.ThroughtheencouragementofthesetwogreatPontiffs,institutionsfortheeducationof theclergy(thatistosayMajorand MinorSeminaries)havemultiplied verymuchthroughouttheworld,and thesePopeshavesaidrepeatedlythat nosacrificeistoogreat,ifitmeansthe successfulerectionofaseminaryina diocese.Consequentlytheopeningof theSeminaryinQueenslandis,we hope,butthefirstofseveralsuchopeningsinAustralia;tobefollowednext yearbythoseofPerthandSouthAustralia.

OurownSeminar:-ofSt.Charlesis atlastontheway.Theclearingof thepartsoftheAttadalesitewhere thebuildingwillstandhasbegun,and thiswillbesoonfollowedbysomethingmoresubstantial.Mr.NeilPerkins,theSeminaryarchitect,hasthe plansreadyandweshouldsoonbe abletothinkseriouslyofthebuilding itself.

Theappealwillconcontinuedbythe VeryRev.Dr.Goodyduringthenext fewweeksasfollows:March16:Manjimup, March23:Collie.

March30:Belmont.

April6:BedfordPark-Bayswater. CATHOLICSLARGESTRELIGIOUS BODYINNORTHERNIRELAND.

TheNorthernIrelandCensusof1937, nowpublished,revealsthatCatholics intheSixCountiesarethelargestsinglereligiousdenomination.They total428,290-anincreaseof7,862-out ofatotalpopulationof1,279,745.

Theyareslightlymorethanathird ofthepopulation,thoughinBelfast theydroptoafourthwith104,372out of438,086.

Presbyterianscomenextwith390,931 (comparedwith393,374in1926),and theChurchofIrelandwith345,474 (comparedwith338,724in1926).There were55,135Methodists.TheJewish populationwas1,472.

InviewofthefactthatgerrymanderinghasresultedinUnionistminorities controllinglocalgovernmentinsome areas,thepopulationstatisticsmake interestingreading.Theyare:-

ONI

COURSEOFLENTENSERMONSATST.MARTS CATHEDRAL.

"TheReasonablenessofOur Faith."

Rev.FatherE.McLoughlin, C.SS.R.,oftheRedemptorist Monastery,NorthPerth,willdeliverthethirdofhiscourseof LentensermonsinSt.Mary's CathedralonSundayeveningat 7.30p.m.FatherMcLoughlin willdealwiththeProtestant attitudetotheCatholicChurch.

LOST.

Lost,child'sSilverFilagreeButterfly Brooch:keepsakefromoverseasSuldier.ReturntoMrs.Heagney,Rcs trevorFlats,GoderichStreet,Perth. Reward.

Thepublicationofmoredetailed statisticshasbeenpostponedindefinitelyowingtothewar. NoInfiltration.

AllegationsastoinfiltrationofCatholicsfromEirearerefutedbythe census,whichrevealsnolargemovementofpopulationfromsouthto north.-"Universe."

DEATHS.

AYLWARD.-OnMarch3,1941,accidentallykilledatPerth,James,dearlybelovedhusbandofMary,fond fatherofMillie,Nora,andPhilip (Leederville),brotherofWilliam, PatrickandEdward(Ireland),Walter(Victoria),Mary(Sr.M.Kieran, deceased),Nellie(Mrs.Frisby,Ireland),andNora(Mrs.Gallacher, Spencer'sBrook).

MostSacredHeartofJesus,have mercyonhissoul.

GALLAGHER.-OnMarch3,1941,at hisresidence,29Carnacstreet,Fremantle,ArthurPatrick,dearlybelovedanddevotedhusbandofLucretiaAgnesGallagher,andloving fatherofNell(Mrs.S.J.Day,Nedlands),Arthur(Norseman),Eileen (Mrs.H.Fitzgerald,Nedlands),Car melandKevinGallagher;aged65 years. RequiescatinPace.

INMEMORIAM.

SCOTT-Ofyourcharity,prayforthe reposeofthesoulofmydearhusband,WalterScott,whodeparted thislifeonMarch15,1939. ImmaculateHeartofMary,your prayersforhimextol.

0SacredHeartofJesus,havemercy onhissoul.Restinpeace. -Insertedbyhislovingwifeand children.

v.."...

CatholicWelfare WelfareOrganisation

ReportofRecentProgress

HutsNowinGardenSurroundings

hassubmittedthe

TheExecutiveoftheCatholicWelfareOrganisation followingprogressreport:-

HutSurroundingsImproved.

TheMelvillehutisnowsurrounded bylawnsandgardenplots,whichprovideapleasingapproachtothepremises.AtNortham,additionalfacilitiesinthewayofgravelpathsare muchappreciatedbytfotmen.The exteriorwoodworkofthehuthas beengreatlyimprovedbyoiling,and severalofficershaveexpressedthemselvesasbeingverywellpleasedwith theservicesoffered.

Thegreatlyimprovedexteriorofthe hutshasarousedthecompetitivespirit andthereareindicationsthatother hutswillsoonbefollowingourexample.

NewChaplain.

TheRev.FatherCunninghamhas beenappointedChaplainatMelville,in placeoftheRev.ChaplainO'Halloran, whoisnowonserviceabroad.

PopularityoftheHuts.

Theincreasingpopularityofthe hutsisattestedbythegrowingdemandforstationery,letterheads,envelopesandleaveformsbeingsupplied inlargequantities.Thereisalso demandforcatechismsandDr.Rumble's"RadioReplies."TheattendanceatMassandHolyCommunionis givngsatisfactiontotheChaplains.

AnotherserviceatNorthamwhich ismuchappreciatedisMr.Maxwell's regularvisitstothecamphospital.

Deckchairshavebeensuppliedto bothhutsforthegreatercomfortof themen.

ComfortsforSeamen.

Arrangementshavebeenmadefor thepurchaseofpiousobjects-prayer booksandrosarybeads-forseamen, andalsogamesandliterature.These havebeenbandedtotheRev.Father Cowan,0.M.I.,PortChaplain,fordistribution.

Moneyhasalsobeenmadeavailable tothechaplainsinPalestineforthe supplyofpiousobjectstothemen.

Anti-GossipStickers.

Incompliancewitharequestfrom the(Colonel-inn-ChargeofAdministrlionoftheWesternCommand,that theattentionofsoldiersshould*be drawntothenecessityofexercising careincorrespondence,thecommittee hashadasupplyofanti-gossipstickers attractivelyprintedintwocolourstoa deignbyMr.PercyCannot,anddistributed.

Ladies'Auxiliary.

TheCatholicWelfareOrganisation

Ladies'Auxiliarynowvisitsmilitary hospitalseachweekanddistributes parcelsofcigarettes,literature,and stationery.Thecigarettesareoflocal manufacture,andthepacketshavethe CW.O.monogramprintedonthem.

C.W.O.atGeraldton.

Aletterhtsbeenreceivedfromthe VeryRev.hAtrninistratorofGeraldton totheeffectthataCatholicWelfare Organisationhasbeenformedinthat diocese.Ithasbeendecidedtomake availabletheblocksofthisorganise. tionfortheuseoftheGeraldton C.W.O.Adonationof1,500letterheads.500envelopes,250leaveforms, andanumberofanti-gossipstickers wasforwardedtoGeraldton, DONATIONS. (20/11/40-4/3/'41.)

Donationsofcash,literature,etc., shouldbeforwardedtotheHon.Secretary,Mr.P.R.Jackson,St.Mary's Cathedral,Perth.

TheExecutiveoftheOrganisation acknowledgeswiththanksthefollowingdonations:-

Rev.J.Doyle:Halfproceeds concert,Maddington 2176 HarveyPatrioticWarFund (1st.and2nd.) 2500

Bros.,Ltd. 110

1000

Mrs.Tremberth,Fremantle;Perth CityConcil(CityValuer);Mrs.Shakespeare,Bishop'sGrove,Perth;Women's Auxiliary,R.S.L.,Brookton;MissFitzpatrick,VictoriaPark;MissB.Ryan, Fremantle;Mrs.E.Clear;St.Johnof GodConvent,Belmont;Mr.R.Clarke Spear,NationalMutualBuildings;Miss E.Ellery;MissR.DelmarandMrs. ,4,6,1-

TENNISDAYATZOO.

TheCatholicLawnTennisAssociationisconductingatennis dayattheSouthPerthZooon Sunday,March30,theproceeds tobedevotedtotheCatholic WelfareOrganisationforpatrioticpurposes.Courtswillbe availableinthemorningandthe tournamentwillbeconducted intheafternoon,commencingat 1.30o'clock.Aninvitationis extendedtoalltojoininand makethefunctionasuccess.

Murphy,Claremont;Mrs.M.Dunn; Mrs.D.Abbott,Cottesloe;Mrs.Williams,Highgate;MissWilkinson,Highgate;Mrs.Dennehy,SouthPerth: Messrs.GordonandGotch;MissE. Walker;Women'sAuxiliary,R.S.L., Shackleton. OtherDonations. Mrs.Shakespeare,Bishop'sGrove (chessmananddraughts);Woolworths, Ltd.(alarmclock);Mrs.Dennehy, SouthPerth(album). DistributedtoSoldiersinClaremont HospitalDuringFebruary. 1,080cigarettes.

17packetsofsweets.

3dozenpacketsP.K.'s.

150letterheads. 90envelopes. About90magazines,books,etc. 153soldierswerevisited.

St.Patrick's Day

SOLEMNHIGHMASS

SolemnHighMauwillbecelebratedinSt.Mary'sCathedral onMonday(St.Patrick'sDay), at9a.m.St.Mary'sCathedral Choir,underthedirectionof Rev.A.Lynch,willrenderthe musicoftheMass,andtheoccasionalsermonwillbe'reached byaJesuitFather.

TheCathedralChoirwillsingthe MissaBenedicamusDominobyPerosi,andattheconclusionthefollowinghymntoSt.Patrickwillbesung:Fatherofallthosefar-scatteredsheep ofChrist WhereinsadErinhaththemother's claim, Lo!fourteencenturies Andshoresofalltheseas MusicmaketoGodinthymighty name.

ThyGodistheirs,0Patrick,thelivingGod, Comfortandcrownofthineunfriendedyouth, Bringingthyprison-land Thralltothycrozieredhand Inthebrightallegianceofholytruth.

LoveforthesoulsofErin'sbenighted sons Brokethygreatheartandkilledthy cloisteredpeace, Tilleverysobbinggale SangtheetheIrishwail, Pleadingwiththenightfortheday's release.

Freshfromthefieldwherefoesofth' incarnateSon Sunkne'ertorisebeneaththeword ofRome; Thou,bindingfasttothee ChristandtheTrinity, Comest,white-hairedman,o'erthe whitesea-foam.

ChristinthyheartandChristupon eitherhand, Christ'sisthelandwhere'erthyfeet havetrod!

Makeusforevermore, Asthoseoursiresofyore, FaithfulandbelovedoftheTriune God!

z

Obythylastsublimeandprevailing prayer, Pouredwherethyhillsconfronta tamelesssea, Maywethrougheveryclime Andineachfaithlesstime ShowthymightwithGodandhis mightinthee.-J.O'Connor.

NationalConcert

INCAPITOLTHEATRE.

AconcertwillbeheldintheCapitol TheatreontheeveningofSt.Patrick's Day,Monday,March17.Theprogrtammewillbegivenbythechildren ofthelocalCatholicschools.

Theproceedsoftheconcertwillhe devotedtotheCatholicWelfare.)rganisation.

92packetsofcigarettesand8packets ofsweetswerecollectedbytheauxiliaryasdonations.

QUARANTORE

1941. MARCH.

Sunday

3rdKondinin:OneDayofExposition.

4thSubiaco:FortyHours'Prayer (21st-23rd).

5thKalamunda:OneDayofExposition. APRIL.

600Sunday letNorseman:OneDayofEx00 position, 1ndMidlandTunction:OneDay 00 ofExposition.

3rdPalmyra:OneDayofExposition.

00 4thKellerberrinOneDayof Exposition.

Itemswillbegivenbythefollowing.

LoretoConvent:Choralitem. ChristianBrothers'College:GymnasticDisplay.Vaultinghorsedisplay bytheseniorsquad.

SantaMariaLadies'College:Choir withorchestral'accompaniment TheIrishmelodiesandsymphonies ofSirJohnStephenson. HighgateHillHighSchool:"Mother Machree,""ThatOld-FashionedMother ofMine,"IrishJig. VictoriaSquarePrimarySchool: PolishDance. Ladies'College,VictoriaSr"iare:Or. rhestral,"FantasiaofIrishAirs." St.Columba'sSchool:RibbonDarr. HighgateHillPrimary(Infants): "MvIrishDaddyKnows." St.Brieirl'sCollege:"TheFairy ofIreland,"'TheMeetingof Waters."

PresentationConvent, "lone': "DannyBoy,""TheLastRoseof Summer."

LeedervilleConvent'VerseSpeaking Choir,"TheLittleTriJMother." St.Joschim'sConve-Elocutionary items(MissMarjorieMcPahil).

..r-

1 ProceedsofSt.Patrick'sDay 1 Concert. TheproceedsofSt.Patrick's sDayConcert,tobeheldon March17,intheCapitolTheatreat8p.m.,willbedevoted tothefundsoftheCatholic WelfareOrganisation.

WAGINMASSTIMETABLE.

March16:LakeGrace,9a.m.;Kukerin,11a.m. March23:Dumbleyung,9a.m.; Wagin,11a.m.

March30:Wagin,8a.m.;Dumbleyung,10a.m.

HARVEYMASSTIMFTABLE.

March16:Ito''ca,8.30a.m.;Harvey,10a.m. March23:V:,,,op,8am.;Harvey, 10a.m. March30:Harvey,8a.m.;Waroona, 10a.m.

TOODYAYMASSTIM.'ABLE.

March16:Jenl.acuLbir.e,v.30a.m.; Toodyay,9.30am. March23:Balsers 7.30am.; Toodyay,9.30a.m. March30:Wongaaline,8am.;Toodyay,9.30a.m.

MANJIMUP

MASSTIMETABLE.

March15:Middlesex,8.30a.m. March16:EastBrook,8.30am.; Manjimup,10a.m.

March22:Palgarup,8.30a.m.

March23:Manjimup,8a.m.;Pemberton,10a.m. March30:Pemberton,8a.m.;Northcliffe,10a.m.

HolyNameSociety,

TheattendanceofmembersatHoly Communionwasverygoodindeed,and ateveningdevotionstherewasagood muster,besidesamuchlargercongregationthanuitiai.TheothersodalitiesattendedonthefirstSundayvery well,whentheLightHorsemenalso paradedatthefirstMass.Owingto thecrowdedchurch,theyhadtobe accommodatedinthechoirgallery.

CanonicalVisitation.

OnSunday,March23,HisGracethe Archbishopwillmakehisvisitation, andateveningdevotionswillconfer theSacramentofConfirmation, St.Per.ck'sBall.

Greatpreparationsarebeingmade forthecelebrationofthisCatholic function,andalargecontingentfrom thecampwillundoubtedlyattend.

AtSt.Mary'sSchool,theweeklysocialwasheldlastTuesdayforthesoldiers.Thiswastheopeningnight, andwasagreatsuccess.Theladies' committeewasdelighted,andwillhold oneoftheseeveryTuesdayevening duringtheyear.

SundayMasses. St.Patrick'sChurch:7a.m.and9.30 a.m.

GIRL,USEDTYPING,SHORT-

St.

An

AllHallows'TennisClub.

St.Mary'smembersvisitedourclub lastSundayinanall-daypicnicand tennisouting,whichprovedverysuccessful.Intheafternoonamatch wasplayedandfinishedveryeven.

PlayersfromSt.Mary'sincludedMr andMrs.JackSkipwoith,Mrs.1411-ley Messrs.Bryson,Byrne,Goodall,Taylor,O'Connor,Bown,andMissesDawson,Willox,Rogers,Croci,Kelly,Doogue,Clark,Fitzpatrick.

TheannualCatholicCountryTennisCarnivalwillbeheldinPerthat Easter,andmembersinterestedinthis popularEasterattractionmustnotify oursecretary(Mrs.T.Toone)bynext Sunday,March16,withoutfail. ClubJottings.

Recentlymarried,Mr.andMrs.0.P. McKennyhavearrivedbackaftera three-weeks'honeymooninPerthand theSouth-West.PriortohermarriageMrs.McKennywasMissIris Moore,andaverypopularmember.

Thefollowingclubmembersarein Perthonholidays:MissesZellaKeogh, NancyRegan,Kath.Ellery,andRoma Sommers.

SecretaryJimBrysonandJim Byrne,ofSt.Mary'sClub,werea happycombinationlastSunday.They didwellattenniswhenallowedto play.

H.A.C.B.S.

St.Mary'sBranch,Leederville.

Atthemeetingon5th.inst.onenew benefitmemberwasinitiated.The drivefornewmemberswillnowbe commencedinearnest,anditisexpectedthatitwillresultinasteady andconsiderableinflow.Afterthe meetingonWednesdaynextasocial willbeheld.Aspecialcommitteehas beenappointedtoarrangeandconduct it. Everymemberisearnestlyrequestedtoattend.

St.(Anthony'sBranch,Midland Junction.

Bro.M.O'Loughlinpresidedover thefortnightlymeetingoftheabove branchonMonday,March10.There arealreadytwonewmembers,Srs.V. CollinsandB.Begley.AttherequestofRev.FatherMcCormack,the branchagreedtoorganisetheblock collectionsfor1941,andmembersreadilyundertooktheweeklycollecting.A rivertripwasarrangedforSunday, March16. Membersarereminded thatthebuswillleaveMidlandforthe ferryat10a.m.sharp.Acollection wastakenamongthemembersforthe children'soutingonSt.Patrick'sDay. Itwasdecidedtoentertwoteams intheforthcomingtournaments,and tomakearecommendationtothesocialcouncilthatdartsbesubstituted forquoits.

SUBIACO

HolyNameSociety.

TheusualmonthlymeetingandCommunionoftheHolyNameSocietywas heldlastSunday,whentheattendanceswereverysatisfactory.Atthe conclusionofthemeetingintheevening,membersadjournedtoSt.Joseph's Hall,whenaninterestingdebateentitled"TheRighttoStrike"washeard. Messrs.A.Pownalland\V.A.Brown tooktheaffirmative,whilstthenegativesidewashandledbyMessrs.\V. PattersonandR.Bullbeck.Thedebateprovedveryinterestingandinstructiveandwasthoroughlyenjoyed bythelargeattendancepresent.It isintendedtoholdafurtherdebateat theconclusionofthenextmonthly meeting.

St.Kevin'sTennisClub.

Theannualgeneralmeetingofthe aboveclubtookplaceinSt.Joseph's HallonTuesdayeveninglast.There wasanexcellentattendanceof43 members,includingRev.FatherO'Sullivan,whoinashortaddressurged thosepresenttosupporttheexecutive inthecomingyear.Althoughthe meetingcontinuedtillalatehour,the enthusiasmshownaugurswellfora verysuccessfulseason.

-1featureoftheelectionofofficebearerswasthereturningtoofficeof thepresidentandsecretaryforthe fourthsuccessiveyear.Theelections resultedasfollows:-President,Mr.J. W.Wall;vice-president,Mr.G.O'Mahony;hon.secretary,Mr.R.A.Morris; hon,assistantsecretary,MissM.Ryan; hon.treasurer,Mr.T.Sweeney;hon. assistanttreasurer,Mr.L.Pusey;hon. auditors,Messrs.A.Pownalland0. Worner;captain,MissK.Mitchell; ,ice-captains,Messrs.J.W.Walland Kev.Mitchell;generalcommittee,Mrs. Webster,MissesS.Daly,E.Bretherton,M.DalyandMessrs.P.Kirby,F. O'Mahony,andA.Pownall;ballfee captains,MissS.DalyandMr.Kev. Mitchell;presscorrespondent,Mr.It. A.Morris.

SHRNTONPARS.

TheparishionersareremindedfinallythattheMissionwillbegivenby theRedemptoristFathersinSt.Aloysius'Church,Henry-street,beginning onMarch23andfinishingonMarch30.

CATHOLICTENNIS ASSOCIATION

TennisDayatZoo.

.\recordattendanceofmembers andtheirfriendsisanticipatedatthe ZoologicalGardens,SouthPerth,on Sunday,March30,whentheAssociation'scombinedtennisdaywilltake place.Tengrasscourtshavebeen engaged,andwillbeavailablefrom 10.30onwards.Thecostofthissocial attractionwillbe1/6each,plusyour entrytotheZoo.AllproceedsreceivedwillbedevotedtotheCatholic 11elfareOrganisation.

HighgateClub.

MassTimeTable.

5.Marys:7a..n.,8.30a.m.,10a1.0

ConventofMercy:8a.m.

ChristianBrothers'College:9a.m. AnnualGeneralCommunion.

TheannualGeneralCommunionof allCatholicmenoftheGoldfieldswill beheldonnextSunday,March16.The annualCommunionbreakfastv.illire heldinSt.Mary'sHallafter7o'clock Mass. Rev.H.Lalorwilladdress thosepresentattheCommunionbreakfast.Tickets,2/6each,arenowavailable.Asthisisoneofthemostimportantannualfunctions,itisexpect. edthatallourCatholicmenwillendeavourtobepresent.TheCommunionbreakfastwillbeofspecialinterest thisyearbyreasonofFatherLalor's presenceandweexpectthatthosewho havenotbeenprivilegedtohearFather Lalor'saddressesonotheroccasions willtakeadvantageofthisexcellent opportunity.

St.Patrick'sDayCelebrations.

Adultandchildren'ssportingevents willbeheldattheKalgoorlieOvalon Friday,March14.

AgrandNationalConcertwillbe conductedintheTownHall,Kalgoorlie,onMonday,March17.

SubiacoYoungMen'sClub Cricket.

AtForrestParkonSundaylast, membersoftheclubengagedtheHighgatebranchoftheL.C.Y.ina-social cricketmatch,sameprovingenjoyable andentertainingtoallparticipants. TheL.C.Y.battedfirstandcompiled 121;Coganwith34,Smith28and Easton18,beingtheprincipalscorers. Read(S.C.Y.NI.C.)secured5wickets for20.IntheirinningstheClubtotalled134,thereforegainingthehonours ofthematchbythirteenruns.W. Pattersonbattedveryattractivelyfor his43(retired),whilstMcPartland, Read,andL.Hickey,whoallreached doublefigures,showedgoodform. Flanagan,with5for28,wasL.C.Y.'s startrundler.Itisalmostcertain thatareturnmatchwilltakeplacein thenearfuture.

ClubChampionships.

TheAthleticClubconductedits championshipsattheLeedervilleOral onSaturdaylast,whensomefineperformanceswereregistered.Followingaretheresults:

100YardsOpen:G.\Vorner,1;L. Hickey,2;D.O'Brien,3.Time,10.2sec.

100Yards1Junior):P.Prendivijle, 1;D.Campagnoli,2;J.DeGruchy,3. Time,10.7secs.

440YardsOpen:G.Worner,1;E. O'Mahony,2;D.O'Brien,3. Time, 54sec.

440Yards(Junior):D.Campagnoli, P.Prendiville,2;B.McGinnity,3. Time,57.7secs.

OneMileOpen:L.Hickey,1;W. Patterson,2;B.McPartland,3.Time, 5.562-5sec.

All1=1111,

Sr.Berriganismakingsoluiriesre theformationofaKeep-FitGroupfor members.Thenext-:metingwillbe attheSchoolHallonMonday,March 17,at8.15p.m. GiveYOUR familythis deliciousdessert rideizemcoJ

...Anddeliciousitis,too! Youcantastethetrue-fruit flavoursintheJellyandthe richcreaminessoftheCustard.Childrenloveit Watchhowtheirspoonsget busywhenyouplacebefore themanappetisingplateful ofFULCREEM00'S

Despitethewarmday,membersof theHighgateClubconductedasuccessfulMintieTournamentattheircourts onSundaylast.Thetennisdisplayed inthecompetitionwasofagoodstandard,andatthecloseofplayGeoff. Parker,with27games,wasdeclared thewinner,closelyfollowedbyMiss Kath.Quinn(24),andJimCarrolland MissDotWilkinson(21each).The club':.,annualchampionshiptournamentwillcommencethisweek-end, March15-16,andthedrawwillbeon viewattheWimbledonSportsDepot, William-street. TheresianClub.

Theannualgeneralmeetingofthe aboveclubwasheldrecently,andthe followingoffice-bearerswereelected: President,Mr.D.A.McGillivray; hon.secretary,MissBettyMcDonough; assistantsecretary,MissLornaKen, nedy;hon.treasurer,'MissPam. O'Reilly;captain,Mr.N.Hanley.The strengthoftheclubhasbeenincreasedbyseveralnewmembers,anda successfulseasonislookedforwardto.

OnSundaylastamerry-chaintournamentwasheld,beingwellattended. Afteranenjoyablecompetitionthe prizewinnerswereRev.FatherBrown andMissPam.O'Reilly.

Theclub'sannualtournamentwill commenceshortly,sonewmembersare urgedtojoinupassoonaspossible,so thattheycancompeteinsame.

Allowanoeof20/.onoldRacquetsreceive75/-Racquetfor65/-atWimbledonSportsDepot,81(Basement) WilliamStreet.

120YardsHurdles,tefien:G.\Vorner, 1;L.Hickey,2;B.Ryan,3.Tittle, 17.4sec.

ShotPut:H.Ryan,1;G.Gee,2;B. Ryan,3. Distance,28ft.3iin.

BroadJump,Open:L.Hickey,1;B. Ryan,2;E.O'Mahony,3. Distance, 20ft.liin.

BroadJump,Junior:L.Ryan,1;P. Prendiville,2;D.Flynn,3.

PoleVault:B.Ryan,1;H.Ryan,2. Height,10ft.3in. 90YardsHurdles,Junior:D.Flynn, 1. PoleVault,Junior:L.Ryan,1;D. Flynn,2.

Attheconclusionoflastweek's competitions,followingwerethepositionsofmembersinrunningforthe SeniorandJuniorClubChampion: L.Hickey,10points;G.Worner,9;D. Campagnoli,8;B.RyanandP.Prendiville,7;L.Ryan,6;H.Ryan,5;E. O'Mahony,J.DeGruchy,andD. Flynn,3;W.Patterson,G.AGee,D. O'Brien,2;H.McPartlandandB. McGinnity,1. VictorySociaL

Wednesday,April16,isthedateset asidefortheAthleticClub'sgigantic victorysocial,tobeconductedinSt. Joseph'sHall.Thisfunctionwilltake theformofamiscellaneousevening, withfilms,speeches,presentationof trophies,itemsbywell-knownartists, anddancing.Thecommitteearenow completingthepreliminaryarrangements,andthesewillbeannounced shortly.However,youareallurged toreserveApril16,forthisgreatsocial treat.

ProblemofCatholicTeachersinStateSchools

Thisarticle,thoughwrittenbyan AmericanforAmericans,discussesa problemwhichaffectsagreatmanyCatholicsinthiscountry-theCatholic teachersinourStateschools.The comparisonwhichmaybemadebetweenconditionsinthetwocountries isnotwithoutinterestandtheadvice ofthewriterisequallyapplicablehere asthere.Thewriter,WilliamT.Miller,headmasteroftheWashington IrvingIntermediateSchoolinFtoslindale,Boston,isinintimatetouchwith present-dayeducationaltrends.We areindebtedforhisarticleto"America."

IREFER,ofcourse,totheCatholic teacherinthepublicschools.It isnotformetopresumetotell thereligiousteacherinCatholicschools whatheorshecanorshoulddo;nor issuchadviceatallnecessary.But Catholiclayteachersinpublicschools havenosuchsupervisionexceptalong purelypedagogicallines.TheprobleminmymindiswhattheCatholic public-schoolteachercandointhe promotionofspiritualandreligious ideals.

WhattheseCatholicteacherscannot doisperfectlyclear.Regulationsvary indifferentcommunities;butquite generallyalldefinitereligiousteaching isforbidden.IknowofnoAmerican schoolsystemwhoseregulationspositivelyforbidanymentionofGodin theclassroom.ButPublicschoolregulationsdoforbidanysectarianinstruction;thatis,theybanishallreligionssuchfromtheschools.This prohibitionappliesequallytoalldenominations,withonecuriousexception.

APainfulIncident.

InBoston,andIpresumeinother places,theregulationsprescribethe readingofapassagefromtheBible asapartoftheopeningexercises, withoutnoteorcomment.Eventhis concessionmightconceivablyoffenda Mohammedanoranatheist;butthere isanotherpointintheregulationsthat seriouslyoffendsCatholics.Theonly Bibleauthorisedforuseinthesemorningreadingsistheso-calledKing Jamesversion,whichistheProtestant Bible,and,assuch,certainlyasectarianbook.Asfarbackas1858inBostonthatmatterresultedinapainful incident.

ThisoccurredattheEliotSchool, oneoftheoldestpublicschoolsinBoston,numberingthousandsofinfluentialmenamongitsgraduates.The Catholicboysofthisschool,legally non-sectarian,wereforcedtolearnthe Lord'sPrayerandtheDecaloguein theProtestantversion.Parentalprotestswereofnoavail,andthematter cametoaheadwhenaboy,named ThomasL.Whall,refusedtorecitethe 10CommandmentsfromtheProtestantversion,andwasconsequently whipped.Disciplinewaspersonaland vigorousinthosedays.Thecasewas takenintocfurt,buttheschoolwas sustained.'Whallandhisfellow-Catholicswerethensuspendedfrom schoolfordisobedienceandbranded astruantsuntiltheyshouldcomply withtherule.Thusfacedwithimprisonmentorfineforthereligiousloyaltyoftheirsons,theCatholicparents raisedthenecessaryfundstoopen theirownschool,undertheleadership ofRev.BernardineWiget,S.J.,the pastorofSt.Mary'sChurch.The schoolwasopenedonSeptember12. 1858,inaformerMasoniclodgeroom onHanoverStreet,andwasfirsttaught byMichaelNorton,ayoungCatholic lawstudentatHarvard,whoafterwardsbecameanotedjudge.Many otherearlyparochialschoolswereestablishedforexactlythesamereasons.

WhatCanBeDone.

Thingsbeingastheyare,allteachersmustrefrainfromanypositive teachinginthepublicschools.They canhardlyavoidthementionofreligioninsuchasubjectashistory.No hookinAmericanhistorycanignore theCatholicmissionarieswhohadso largeashareintheexplorationand colonisationofearlyAmerica.They donotalwaysdofulljusticetothese CatholicmakersofAmerica;butat leasttheymentionthem.InEuropeanhistory,theReformationhasto betaught,andthereagainreligion cannotheavoided.Buttheteaching issupposedtobeonaneutralbasis; anditusuallyis.TheProtestant teacherisnotsupposedtocanonise Luther;theCatholicteachermustnot damnhim.Thatattitudeseemsto

meratherridiculous;foreitherLuther wasrightorhewaswrong.Butina publicschoolallwecandoistoteach whathappened,ortryto,andleave thedecisiontothedoubtsofimmatureminds.

WhatthencanCatholicteachers do?Wellfirsttheycanbegood teachers,withanaccentonbothwords. Theycanmaketheirworkaprofessioninsteadofamerejob,byknowingtheirsubjectmatterthoroughly andteachingiteffectively.Toomany youngteachersworkhardtogetadegree,acertificate,andanappointment;andthengopermanentlyand blissfullytosleep.Theyreadno books,attendnolectures,takeno courses.Asaprincipalfriendofmine putsit:"Theygetnobetterfast." Sucheducationalsomnambulismisbad enoughforanyteacher;butitbecomes doublyinjuriouswhenCatholicsare theoffenders.For,whethertheyknow itornot,theyarenotonlyteachers, butalsorepresentativesoftheir Church.Justlyorunjustly,whatever theydoorfailtodoismadetoappear theresultoftheirreligiousfaith.MerelybeingaCatholiccannotmakeanyoneagoodteacher;butbeingagood teacherisonewayofshowingintolerantcriticsthataCatholiccanbea goodteacher.

Ihaveusedtheword"good"torepresentthequalityoftheteachers' work;thereisanotherkindofgoodnesswhichisthequalityofhispersonallife.Ineednotgointodetails; buta"good"Catholicmustbealsoa "good"teacherinthisrespect,otherwiseheisnogoodineithersense. Thereisagraveresponsibilityhere, notonlyforteachers,butforallpublic employees.Theyareinthelimelight asCatholics.Whattheydowith theirsoulsistheirownlookout;but whattheydowiththeirlivesispublic knowledge.Whentheyactup" eitherpubliclyorprivately,theynot onlyharmthemselves,buttheyalso

harmallotherCatholicsbythescandaltheygive. Thereisanotheroutcomeofgood teaching;thepossibilityofpromotion. ManyCatholicteacherscomplainthat theycannotgetanywherebecause theyareCatholics.Sometimesthatis true,weknow.Butmoreoftenthe Catholicteacherfailstomakeprogressbecausehedoesnothingtomerit it.Therestillisfavouritism,plenty ofit;butlargecitiesaremakingmuch wideruseofcompetitivemeritlistsin whichCatholicshaveanequalchance withallothers.TheCatholicteacher inthesecitieswhoseekpromotion mustearnitbygoodworkandstudy. InsistonSimpleVirtues.

Itisstilltruethattheveryhighest positionsineducationaladministrationarefrequentlyfilledbypolitical andfraternalfavouritism,andherethe Catholicschoolmanisoftenatadisadvantage.Butthefewrepresentativeswehaveamongtheeducational leadersinStateandcitydepartments aredoingagreatdealtobreakdown theprejudicethatstillexistsagainst theCatholiceducator.Theyare doingthisbyshowingthattheirprofessionalequipmentissoundandtheir standardshigh.

TheCatholicteachercandomany thingsinanincidentalwaytosafeguardhisreligionwithoutviolating anti-sectarianregulations.Inschool andclassroommanagementhecaninsistonthesimplevirtuesoftruth,justice,obedience,charity,decencyand respectfortherightsofothers.These arenotexclusivelyCatholicvirtues; theyarestressedinallthenon-religious character-trainingprogrammesso popularto-dayinthepublicschools. ButtheCatholicteacherknowsthese virtuesaspracticalapplicationsofthe TenCommandments.Heisduty boundnotonlytopractisethemhimself,buttoteachthemtohispupils. Notinformallessonsalone,butas everydayrulesofconduct,lettheCa-

WhyaTeachers'Guild?

ItisatragedythatsomanyotherwiseexcellentCatholicscannotbring themselvestotakethePopeatais word.WritingtotheCardinalPatriarchofLisbon,PopePiusXIstated:"Allthefaithful,whateverbetheir age,andtowhateversocialclassthey belong,arecalledupontoenterthe ranksofCatholicAction."Thelate HolyFather,inregardtohishopesof CatholicAction,madethisstrongstatement:"WithoutCatholicActionit wouldbeamiracle-amiracleonecannotaskofGod-ifanypracticalresult oranytruesuccesswereobtained"in therestorationofSociety.

TherearethousandsofCatholiclay teachersthroughoutAustralia,yet manyseemtobeasleeptotheirtrue interests.Fortunately,ontheother hand,thereisasplendidbodyofalert teacherswhoknowwhatisgoingon aroundthem,andknowwhatislikely togoonunderthepresentsecularand materialeducationsystem.

So,throughoutVictoria,andfurther afield,youwillfindCatholicteachers incompact,activegroups-facingup tolifeinsteadofrunningawayfrom it.Injustthiskindoforganisation aretobefounddoctors,lawyers,journalistsandbusinessmen.Theyhave discoveredforthemselveswhatPius XIhadpreachedwithsuchvigour: thecharm,thevigour,theefficiencyof thespecialisedgroup.

In1934thenewsofthestartingof theCampionSocietyinMelbournewas goingabroad.YoungCatholicmen werebecomingactiveandrealised thattheycoulddosomethingforthe Church.SuchaonewasMr.E.Hennessy,ofWangaratta.HegottogetherafewCatholicteachersand startedwhathasgrownintotheAssisianGuild-TheCatholicLayTeachers' Organisation.TheAssisianGuildof Victoriahasprogressedanddeveloped. Ithasachievedquitealot.Ifitdid nothingmorethanorganisesomehundredsofCatholicteachersandsend themtheAssissianGroupmonthly, called"TremendousTrifles,"itwas wellworthwhile.TheGuildholdsan annualretreatandachievesmuchexcellentwork.

TheobjectsoftheAssisianGuild are:1.Topromotealoveofthespiritual life.

2.Topromoteathoroughknowledge oftheFaith,especiallymoral,intellectualandsocialprinciples.

3.TopromotethestudyandapplicationofChristianidealsineducation.

4.Thustopromoteidealcitizenship.

5.Topromoteaspiritofco-operation amongCatholicteachers.

AnInvitation. TherearemanyCatholiclayteachersinthisStatewillingtodosomethingonthelinesfollowedbytheAssissianGuildofVictoria.Individual teachershavedoneagreatdealof workinvariousCatholicActionactivities,butnowaneffortistobe madetoorganiseCatholicteachersas abody.

AninvitationisissuedtoCatholiclayteacherstoattendameetingattheCentralCatholicLibrary, 36Pier-street,Perth,at10.30a.m. onSaturday,March29.

tholicteacherinsistuponvirtueinthe truestsenseoftheword.

Incommitteesandteachers'associationstheCatholicteachercanbea powerforgood.Takethematterof bookcommittees,asanexample.In Bostoneverybookauthorisedforuse intheschoolsmustbeapprovedbya committeeofprincipals.Catholics onthatcommittehavevigilantlyprotectedthepupilsoftheircityfrom bookswhichareguiltyofbiasorfalsehood.Theyhavebeenperfectlyfair aboutit.Theyarejustasquickto banabookwithananti-Jewishattitudeastodenyapprovaltoonewhich falsifiesCatholichistory.Dueto thiscommittee,theBostonlistissingularlyfreefrombookswhichareindecent,incorrect,oruntrue.AndCatholicshavebeenprominentonthis committeeforyears.

ValueofGoodExample.

Catholicsuperintendentsandadministratorscanheadoffmanyincipient effortstointroducenon-moralandatheisticideasintopublicschoolsystems. Indoingthistheyareentirelywithin theirrights.Forifthelawsinsistthat theschoolsshallnotteachreligion,by implicationatleasttheydictatejust asstronglythattheyshallnotteach irreligion.Ourpublicschoolsmustbe neutraltoallspecificreligions;but theyhavenorighttobeantagonistic toreligioningeneralortoanyreligion inparticular.

Whenitcomesabout,asIthinkit will,thatreligiousinstructionismade availabletoallpupilsinpublicschools, wehopethatdefiniteprohibitionswill alsobeenactedtopreventallantireligiouspropaganda,eitherbyteachersorbybooks.Untilthattime comes,theCatholicteachercanhelp toovercomethenegativeforceofthe say-nothingpolicyoftheschoolsby thepositiveforceofhisowndo-somethingexampleinthematterofvirtue andmorality,thepracticalobjectives ofreligion.

Thosewhoarekeenandwillingto participateinCatholicActionwork willhaveplentyofscopefortheir surplusenergy. Shouldanyonebeunabletoattend ontheSaturdaymorning,heorsheis askedtoleavenameandaddressa. theLibrary,orforwardsametothe DiocesanSecretaryofCatholicItiction,c/oTheLibrary.

AProposedActivity.

Asmallnucleushasalreadymeton severaloccasionsandisparticularly keenontheideaoftheformationof aTeachers'Organisation.

Oneofthefirsttasksofthenew bodywillprobablybethetakingover andcontroloftheCentralCatholic LibraryandChestertonBookShop. Teachersshouldbewellequippedto achievesomethingworthwhileinthe buildingofagoodlibrary. Moreover,thereisnoreasonwhythe presentLibrarypremisesshouldnot beusedasameetingplaceforthe teachersthemselves,seeingthatmuch oftheirtimewillprobablybespent there.ThemoretheLibraryisused asakindofClubroom,themoreis theneworganisationlikelytoprogressanddothings.-K.P.B.

EstoniaLiesCrushedbySovietOccupation

ESTONIAisnotaPost-World-War creation.Shehasnottothank theVersaillesconferenceforher independence,oranyotheroftheconferences,thattriedtoshapeanew EuropeoutofthedebrisoftheWorld War.Theprincipleoftherightof smallnationstoself-determinationthat becamepreponderantafterthewar, becamealsothebasisfortherecognitionbyothercountriesofthatindependence.

Thelandthatisnowtheterritoryof Estoniahasforthousandsofyears beenthedwellingplaceofEstonians andmustbeconsideredastheirprimitivelivingspace.Untilthethirteenth century,theEstonianslivedtheirown independentlife,withtheirownnationalleadersandrulersandanadministrativedivisionthathassurvived allcenturiesofforeigndominationand remainednearlyunchangedtothe presentday,whenRussiahasanew occupiedtheirland.

WiththeweakeningofRussia,the Estoniansobtainedin1917fromthe RussianProvisionalGovernmentthe recognitionoftheirnationalaspiration forself-determination.Thus,thebeginningofaneraofindependentlife wasinreach,whentheCommunists cameintopowerinRussia.TheCornmunistsrecognisedtherightofsmall nationstoself-determination,butthey recogniseditonlysofarasCommunistswereinpowerinthesecountriesandtheEstonians,inthegreatmajority,arenotCommunist-mindedand willneverbe.

RussiainvadedEstoniaandawar followedwiththissmallrepublicthat hadregainedherfreedomandindependenceonlyafewmonthsbefore.

TheRussiansweredrivenfromEstonia,beyondthenationalfrontiers.

ApeacetreatywassignedwithRussiain1920,bywhichRussiarecognised thesovereigntyofEstonia,withthe followingstipulation:

". RussiaunreservedlyrecognisestheindependenceandautonomyoftheStateofEstonia,andrenouncesvoluntarilyandforeverall rightsbasedonthejuridicalposition thatformerlyexistedinpubliclaw, orintheinternationaltreaties which,inthesensehereindicated, losetheirvalidity."

Inthefollowingyears,withtheconsolidationoftheCommunisticorderin Russia,thatcountrybegantoshow herdualface.WhiletheRussian GovernmentretainedtowardEstonia hiil..M.-011101.0.41M04=11.

1;SkyWarden,2;Galerius,3. Tattersall'sPurse(1):DaintyLace, 1;Tresigne,2;Warrior,3. Tattersall'sPurse(2):Amplaid,1; Dragonet,2;Steeper,3. WelterHandicapTetraclive,1; Chesergin,2;Mahogany,3.

TrottingSelections RICHMONDPARK.

Saturday,March15,1941.

W.A.Breeders'Handicap:Master Whips,1;OwyheeSheik,2;Black Ella,3. Patrons'Handicap:LinyaLady,1; ArabPrincess,2;LordAdonis,3. MunicipalHandicap:PrincessDoral, 1;Mareche,2;BlackBertha,3. AutumnHandicap:EugowraLady, 1;Amethyst,2;Walisca,3. P.J.HevronHandicapWilna'sGift, 1;Rollo,2;Lutana,& ParamountHandicap:Broaden,1; LibyanLady,2;RedBay,3. MarchHandicap:BlackYamma,1; Casatar,2;CountryBoy,3.

moreorlesscorrectrelations,thesecondexecutivepowerinRussia-the Communistparty-beganapolicyof violentaggressionagainstEstonia whichculminatedinaCommunistic putschinDecember,1924,whenCommunisticgroupscrossedfromRussia intoEstonia,partlydisguisedinEstonianuniforms.Thereweremany victimsofthisdastardlyattackbefore itwassuppressed.Investigations showedclearlythatitwasorganisedin RussiaandthatanumberofemployeesoftheRussianlegationinthe capitalofEstoniawereinvolved.It appearedalsothatspecialmilitarypreparationshadtakenplaceontheRussiansideoftheEstonian-RussianfrontierandthatRussiannavalunitshad patrolledoutsideEstonianwaterstobe readyforinterference-shouldthe putschsucceedinoverthrowingthe Government.

Incomparingthisactofaggression withthestipulationoftheEstonianRussianpeacetreaty,whichpledges eachsignatory,"nottoauthorisethe presenceofrepresentativesorofficials oforganisationsorgroups,whoseobject itistooverthrowthegovernmentof theotherparty,"onecomestotheconclusionthatbadwill,nevergoodwillto honourtheirobligations,istheprimary characteristicofSovietofficialacts.

Theeventsreferredtoshowthat Russia'simperialisticdesignsnever ceasedtobetheguidingprincipleof herforeignpolicyandwereonlysuppressedbypoliticalnecessities-principallybyherownweakness.Butin herrelationstoSovietRussia,Estonia showedthemostcorrectattitudeof loyaltyinthefulfilmentofhertreaties andwasresponsivetoalllegitimate Rusiandemands.

WiththegrowthofGermanmilitary strength,anewelementarose:thefear ofGermanyontheRussiansideand thenecessityforEstoniatoseparate herselffromapossibleconflictofgreat powers.Estonia,therefore,asdidalso otherBalticcountries,declaredher strictneutrality.iAslongasPoland remainedapowerstrongandfriendly toEstonia,itseemedthatRussian'imperialisticdesignswouldbekeptin limits.Afriendlycollaborationwith EstoniaandtheotherBalticStates wasproposedbyRussiainthefieldof foreignpolicy,whichactuallymeant thecontrolbyRussiaofEstonia's foreignpolicy.Estoniarefusedthe Russianproposals,butRussiadidnot relinquishherdesignofc)ntrollingthe foreignpolicyoftheBalticStates. Thiscontrolsoonbecameabargaining pointinRusso-British-Frenchnegotiationsinthesummerof1939andatthe sametimeinRusso-Germannegotiations.

GreatBritain,itseems,didnotagtee toRussiandemandsregardingtheBaltic,andthisinpartbecamethestumblingblockofthesenegotiations.At thesametimeGerman-Russianparleys madequickprogressandlaterevents intheBalticmetnomoreopposition fromtheGermanside.Wecanassume,therefore,thatinGerman-RussiannegotiationsthefateoftheBaltic Stateswassealed.RussiawaspromisedfullcontroloftheBalticcountriesandtheybecameRussia'sliving space, Theoutbreakofthewarbetween GermanyandPolandandthefallof PolandfreedRussiafromfurtherconsiderations.AnincidentofaPolish submarineescapingfrominternmentin EstoniawasusedasapretextforRussiatoserveEstoniawithanultimatum tohandovertoheranumberofEstonianharboursandbasesforairdromesandmilitaryunits.Thesede mandsweresupporteIbyRussianairplanesflyingoverFstmia'scapitaland byaRussiannavysquairoilcruising beforetheportofTallinn.Estonia hadtoyield,asherowndefence::were inadequatetoholdtheRussians.

SomeneighbouringStateslivedin thehopethatRussianaccusationswere strictlylimitedtoEstonia,butfollowingeventsshowedthatthesubmarine incidentwasonnoaccountthereal reasonforRussianaggression.Allthe Balticcountriesweresoonentangledin thesamespider'sweb.SuccessivenegotiationswithRussiagavebirthto asituationunprecedentedinir.terna tionalhistory.Atreatyofmutualassistancewasconcluded,withEstonia, 'asingtotheSovietpartnerterritory tcmilitaryoccupation,whileleaving thebasesandtheoccupiedterritories underthesovereigntyofEstonia.

Onth,-occasionoftheconclusionof thistreaty,newassurancesofnon-interferenceintheinternalaffairsofEstoniaweregivenbythehighestRussian authoritiesandtheRussianPremier. ForeignMinisterMolotov,inhis

epochaldeclarationofOctober31,1939, gavethefollowingdescriptionofrelationswiththeBalticcountries:

"ThespecialcharacterofthesemutualassistancepactsinnowayimpliesanyinterferencebytheSoviet UnionintheaffairsofEstonia,LatviaandLithuania.Onthecontrary, allthesepactsofmutualassistance strictlystipulatetheinviolabilityof thesovereigntyofthesignatory Statesandtheprincipleofnon-interferenceineachother'saffairs.

Thesepactsarebasedonmutual respectforthepolitical,socialand economicstructureofthecontracting partiesandaredesignedforpeaceful neighbourlyco-operationbetweenour peoples.Westandforthescrupulous andpunctiliousobservanceofpacts onabasisofcompleterecipricityand wedeclarethatallnonsenseabout SovietisingtheBalticcountriesis onlytotheinterestofourcommon enemies."

ThissituationlasteduntilJune,1940, whenRussiacameforwardwithnew, unfoundedaccusationsagainsttheBalticcountries.ThistimeLithuaniawas hitfirst.RussiaaccusedallBaltic Statesofsabotagingthemutual-assistancetreatyandofnotshowingenough friendlyspirit.Thecollaborationof theBalticcountriesamongthemselves wasallegedasaplotagainstRussia,althoughthiscollaborationexistedfor manyyearsandRussianeverobjected toit.

Russiaaskedforunlimitedentryof RussianmilitaryforcesintoEstonia. Beforeanylegalreplywasframed,Russianmotorisedforcespouredoverthe frontiersandoccupiedthecountry,in violationofallexistingtreatieswith Estonia.

WithRussianmilitaryforcesintheir countriesexceedingtenfoldthearmies oftheBalticStates,thesecountries easilybecamethepreyoftheirassist. ance-treats-partner.Underthedirectionofhigh-standingemissariesfrom Russia,newgovernmentswerenamed, allpoliticalprisonersandtraitorsreleasedfromprison,andCommunistic meetingsstaged.

TheSovietisationcampaign,which Nfolotovafewmonthspreviousassertedtobearidiculousaccusation,got intofullswing.Inthenewparliamentaryelectionsthatwereorderedbythe Russians,onlyCommunistsandsympathiserswereallowedtostandforelectionwitharemarkablyuniformresult: allCommunistsandsympathiserswere elected.Othercandidateswhohadthe couragetostandforelectionwere stampedasenemiesofthepeopleand treatedaccordingly.

Itwillevokenowonderthatthis gatheringacceptedunanimouslythe changeoftheConstitutionofEstonia anddeclaredEstoniatohavebecomea SovietStateandamemberofthe U.S.S.R.Theonlythingthatwas wrongwasthatevenalegallyelected parliamenthasnopowertochangethe constitutionorthestyleofgovernment, stillless,toruletheincorporationof EstoniaintotheSovietUnion.Lackingalllegalfoundation,theevents whichtookplaceinEstoniaandthe otherBalticcountriesmustbeclassifiedasnon-provokedRussianaggressionandanenforcedoccupationofthe countryinviolationofalltreatiesand understandingsthathadexistedbetweenRussiaandEstonia.

WhataretheresultsofRussia'sEstonianoccupation?

Thescarceinformationthatcanbe obtainedshowsthattheEstonianpeoplehavebeendraggeddownfromtheir highlevelofculturalandeconomic lifeintodepthsofmiseryandslavery. Itlooksverymuchlikemiserywhena month'ssalaryofwageearnerscanbuy onlyonepairofbootswhentheymust saveformonthsandmonthstoearn enoughtobuyawintercoatfor1,000 rubles.Itlooksconsiderablylikeslaverywhengovernmentalemployeesof formerlyfreeEstoniaarecondemned bylawtobeshotwithintwenty-four hoursafterRussianshavethemintheir power,iftheyrefusetoreturntoEstonia.

Allthereservesoffoodandmanufacturedgoodshavedisappearedfrom shopsandhomes.Theyhavepartly beentakentoRussia,partlyconsumed bythehordesthatinvadedthe,country.Acitizenofthisfreecoulstrywill bestunderstandthesituationinEstoniawhenheimagineswhatwouldbehis reactionsifhispropertywereseized,his joblostandhehimselfforcedtoleave hishome.

Thatiswhatactuallyhastakenplace inEstonia.Ninesquaremetresisthe measureallowedforlivingspace.If yourroomislargeritmustbesub-let, unlessyouwerewiseenoughtoinvite afriendtostaywithyou.

Estonian,whohadtheopportunityrecentlytovisithisnativeland, writesaboutit:"Itishell."

Itisaneasymattertoloseyour chanceofwinning£6,000intheNo.93 CharitiesConsultation.Allyouhave todoistodelaythepurchaseofyour ticketsuntilitistoolate.Ifyou haveaticketyouhaveachance.Now isthetimetobuyandgiveyourselfa chance.

WhenTheyBurnedthe PopeinEffigyinEngland

NINETYYEARSAGO

TheCalmofArchbishopWiseman

WHENwereadthattheBritish SecretaryforAirisbeing twittedwithsparingRome fromabombingattackowingtothe presenceoftheVatican,andrecalltne subsidenceofmilitantbigotryinBritainofrecentyears,wefinditinterestingtocontrastthepresenttolerance towardsthingsCatholicwiththegreat outcrywhicharoseagainst"Papalaggression"whenin1850theHolySee restoredtheHierarchyinEnglandand Wales,withterritorialtitles.All classesfromthePrimeMinisterdown tookpart,andthereweredemonstrationsindifferentpartsofthecountry. AnaccountofsomeofthesedemonstrationsisgiveninWilfredWard's biography,"TheLifeandTimesofCardinalWiseman."ItquotesconLsnporaryreportsofwhathappenedin fourdistricts.Theaccountreads:Bradninch.-TheHaynauandantiTractariandemonstrationcameoffin goodstyle.Averylargeprocession formedadjoiningtheGuildhallabout 8o'clockintheevening,inwhichfiguredtheeffigiesofHaynauandCardialWiseman,excellentlygotup.The churchbellsrang,thebandplayedthe "RoguesMarch,"andtheprocession, lightedbynumeroustorchesparaded thetown.Placardswerecarried,inscribed"ThebrutalHaynau,""Down withtyranny!"'TownwithPopery!" "NoPuseyites!"'NoTractarians! etc.Therewereseveralmaskedcharacters,andallmadeup,suchasight aswasneverwitnessedinthisancient boroughbefore.Afterperambulating thetown,etc.,etc.

Salisbury.-40nWednesdaytheeffigiesofHisHolinessthePope,Cardinal Wiseman,andthetwelveBishopswere completed.Fridayevening,about5 p.m.,CastleStreetwassodensely crowdedthatnoonecouldpasstothe upperpartofit.Shortlyafter,some hundredsoftorcheswerelighted,which thenexhibitedaforestofheads.About half-pastsixHisHolinesswasbrought outamidthecheeringofthepopulace. Theprocession,beingformed,proceededinthefollowingorder:Torch-bearers,brassband,torch-bearers,HisHolinessinfullpontificals,seatedinahuge chair;torch-bearers,bishops,three abreast;torch-bearers,CardinalWiseman,etc.,etc.Withintheprecincts oftheClosetheNationalAnthemwas playedamiddeafeningcheers.Atthis timethescenewasveryimposing.The

ROCKTONROADSTORES ,w.II.BEvAN).wm1337. SPECIALISESINDRESSED POULTRYANDFRESHEGGS. AlsoStocksGroceries,Vegetables, SmallGoods,etc. OurPricesArePerthPrices.

WM.R.SWEENEY PURVEYOROFHIGHCLASS MEATS. Phone:F2391. 91SHENTONROAD, SWANBOURNE. DailyDeliveryNedlandsto Cottesloe. PersonalService.

processionhavingparadedthecity,the effigiesweretakentotheGreenCroft, where,overalargenumberoffaggots andbarrelsoftar,ahugeplatformwas erectedoftimber;theeffigieswere placedthereon,andavolleyofrockets sentup.ThebandplayedtheDoxology,anddeafeningcheersfollowed. Alightbeingappliedtothecombustiblesbelow,theflamesrosetothe platform;hundredsoffireworksweee thenhurledattheeffigies.ThenfollowedtheMorningHymnandtheNationalAnthem,inwhichthousands joined.

Ware.-HisHolinessPiaNonowas burntineffigyonaneminenceoverlookingthetown.Thefigurewas dressedinfullpontificals,withthe triplecrownonitshead,andtheadditionofalargepairofram'shorns.In thewaggonwasadonkey,torepresent hisExcellencytheCardinalArchbishop ofWestminster.Aftersolemnlyparadingthestreets,theeffigywasescortedbyalargeconcourseofpeopleto MusleyHill,whereitwassolemnlysuspendedbytheneckonagallowserect, edoverahugepileoffaggot-woodand tar-barrels,andthenburntamidthe roarsandexercrationsofthemultitude.

Peckham.-ThePopewasburntin effigyinPeckhamCommon. kvan drawnbyfourhorsesdrewupfrontingahouseontheGreenfromwhich emergedsomedozenmen,armedwith variousweapons,eachleadingmanattiredinthesurpliceofaRomishclergyman,thelatterbeingtumbledintothe vehicleamidshoutsofseveralthousandpersons.Thenextbroughtout weretwoathleticfellows,oneattired asaCardinalandtheotherashis chaplain.Afewyardsinadvance stoodanHerculeanfellowbearinga burlesqueeffigyofthePope,andhavinginhishandwhatpurportedtobe thelatememorableBull,etc.,etc.The processionproceededtowardsCamberwell,followedbyatleast10,000persons.Itwashailedinitsprogress throughthevariousstretswiththe loudestacclamations,andcriesof"No Popery!""HurrahfortheQueen!" "Noforeignpriesthood!"etc.,etc.

Sogreatwastheagitationthatsome Catholicsdesiredtopreventthehead ofthenewhierarchy,ArchbishopWiseman,fromcomingtoEngland,anda lawyerwassenttomeethimatBurges. Theintrepidprelatewasnottobeput offandhearrivedinLondonindue time.Despitethethreatofdanger tohispersonhewentabouthisduties andatoncesethimselftokilltheagitationwhichwasbeingfannedby manyanti-Catholics.

Manywereterrifiedlestthenew movebytheChurchwouldinsomeway impedetheirownactionsanddeprive themofsomeliberty.Thisaespite theassurancesgivenbyleadingpoliticiansthatnothingthatRomecoulddo Mouldinterferewiththenormalcivic lifeofthecountry,andthattheappointmentofBishopswouldbeapurelyinternalaffair.

ArchbishopWisemaninhisappealathirty-onepagepamphlet-appealed tothefairmindednessofhiscountrymen.This"Appeal"wasreproduced infullineverydailypaper,anddid muchtocalmthecountry.Itwas courageoustosetaboutsogreatatask inthetenseatmosphereoftheday. Afterhearingyouhavebeenburnedin effigy,afterbeingthreatenedwiththe stonesofthemob,toappealtoreason mightseemfutile.Butthecalmof theyoungArchbishopandthesound senseofhisargumentswontheday.

Tothemodernminditseemscrazy thatthepeopleofthelastcentury shouldimaginethatthetakingofterritorialtitlesimpliedinsomeway"tangiblepossessions."Butsoitwas.In factsogreatwastheterrorattheidea thattherewasafurtheroutcryagainst thepublicationofpapalbullsinEngland.AnoutcrywhichthePrime Ministerhimselfhadtoquell.

SuchwasthehatredofCatholicsin 1850. Suchdemonstrationswerecoupled withunpleasantmanifestationsofthe popularfeelingtowardsCatholicsin general.Thehootingandpeltingof aCatholicpriestwerebynomeansuncommon.MobscollectedoutsideCatholicchurchesandbroketheirwindows,andtheprecedentoftheGordon riotshadshownwhatseriousresults aNo-Poperyagitationmighthave.It appearedforatimeuncertainwhether arealandbitterpersecutionwerenot impending,inwhichthelivesandpropertyofCatholicswouldbeinserious dam',

YellowCabs

whocaptured 9for65againstAirForce.Thisstands asoneofthebestbowlingperformances inrecentyearsinW.A.C.A.topgrade. WiththebatDoug.McKenziebatted slowlyforhis63runout.WiththeexceptionoftheWesterners,battingwas deadlydull.

BOXING

Eight-and-a-PennyEach. WhenBobFitzsimmonsmadehis lastvisittoAustraliain1909,anumberofboxingenthusiastsgavehima welcomeatBateman'sHotel,Georgestreet,Sydney.ThelateLarryFoley wasofthecompany,andspringsof reminiscencewereflowingfreely.

Larrysaidsomethinginajocular wayandFieryBobturneduponhim sharply."Yes,Ionlygotaglassof gingerbeerforfightingatyourplace."

Larrylaughedandhitbackwith: "Butyoudranktheglassofginger-beer, didn'tyou,Bob?Didtheygiveyou thevalueofthatcut,outofthe40,000 dollarsyouandJimHallwerepromised intheStates?"

Thefreckledonegrowled,bututtered neveraword,forthatStates'pursewas alwaysasorepointwithBob.Purses werenotalwayswhattheywereadvertisedinthosedays.Veryoftenthe principalsreceivedverymuchlessthan theadvertisedstakeorsidewager, whichremindsmeofanincidentthat happenedinthisStatesomescoreof yearsogo.

Thetwofightersconcernedwere AndyGreavesandRedMitchell,two visitorsfromSouthAustralia.They foughtattheold"Spencer'sGardens, nowthesiteoftheCapitalTheatre. Theyfoughtonashare-and-sharealike basis,withthepromoter,afterallexpenseshadbeenpaid,whichmeantthat eachpartywouldtakeathirdofthe moneyavailablefordivision.Thegate produced£80,andwhenallnecessary disbursementshadbeenmade,thetwo had114s3dtocutupamongthem.

ButforHarryStone'ssplendidmagnamity,Mitchellwouldhavebeentwo shillingsandonefarthingpoorer.Harry lookafterthebusinesssideforRed, ontheunderstandingthatheshouldreceive25percent.ofwhateverhisprincipalreceived.

"HopHarry"declinedhisshareof thespoil,andalmostweptwhilehe shookMitchell'shandandsaid,"Keep thelot,Red,oldboy." AHINT.

Here'saboxinghintfromthegreatest flyweightfighterthegamehasknownJimmyWilde:"Oneoftheverybest strokestouseagainstatear-awayfighterisaleft-counterfortheface.Properlydelivereditwillstopthemostimpetuousopponent.

PPORTINGQUIZ.

AnswerstoLastWeek's

Questions.

1.Themaximumsizeforaboxingringis24ft.by24ft.

2.Thelastballofanoveris bowledtothestriker,whosnicks ittothewicketkeeperwhoholds thecatch.Thereisnoappeal. Beforethefirstdeliveryofthe nextballanappealismadefor caughtbehind.Theumpireis entitledtogive'out"ashisdecision.

3.E.Bartle,ontheMoorefield Racecourse,in1930,rodesix winnersandasecondat..ne meeting.

4.Inacompetition,ifacompetitorfiresoutofhisturnand registersa"bull,"heisdebited withamiss.

5.Badmintonisagamesimilar totennis,withashuttlecockinsteadofaball. ThisWeek'sQuestions,

1.Cricket:Astrikerplaysthe ballontotheground,anditis comingbackintohiswizkei, whenhedeliberatelykicksit away.Anappeal,whatwould beyourdecision?

2.Theworldsrecordfora humanover100yardsis421-5 sec.Withthattimeasaguide, canyounametherecordfora greyhound?

3.Agolfer'scaddyremovesthe flagstickfromtheholebefore theplayerputts.Theballmisses theholeandstrikesthestick heldbythecaddy.Whatesto do?

4.Whowerethefighterswhoattractedtheworld'sbiggest 5.Howlongmustaforeignerlive inAustraliatobeeligibleto fightforanAustraliantitle?

ThisishowJimmyadvisesthatit shouldbedelivered:"Assoonasyou seeyouropponenthalfswinghisleft toyourface,loweryourchinslightly, throwyourforearmacrosstoguard yourhead,andleadwiththeleft.By thefractionofasecondyourblow shouldreachitsmarkbeforehis,and asheisrushingatyouwithconsiderableimpetus,theimpactwillbesevere."

HERE'SANEWONE.

AirraidshelterersintheWandsworth districthaveformeda'ShelterLeague" inwhichteamsfromthevariouspublicshelterswillplayduringtheraids. Homeandawaymatcheswillbeplayedinthismostinterestingleague.It isthoughttobeoneofthebestideas tosmash"ShelterBlues,"andtheidea isbeingencouragedbytheauthorities becauseitisclaimed:"Itallhelpsto defeatthatman."

GOLI

OneofScotland'sgreatestgolfers, SandyHerd,isnowaged72years.He wontheBritishOpenin1902,andhas donemoreholesinonethananyother golfer,havingperformedthisfeaton nofewerthan19occasions.Although Sandyisveryproudofthisrecord,itis asorepointwithhim,forsomeyears ago,whenhewascelebratinghis12th. holeinone,anAmericangolferpromisedhimasolidgoldputterwhenhe hadaccomplishedhis18th.holeinone. Theonlypersonwhohadnotforgotten thispromisewasSandy,andtheputter isnowconsiderablyoverdue.

Sandy'swaggles,whenaddressing theball,arefamous,andtheywerethe resultofbuildinguphisconcentration inapersonalway.Hisaveragenumberof"waggles"was17.Recentlyhe

J.W.SHEEHAN

PrimeBeefButcher

Tel.438 Tel.438

hasreducedthisnumber,becausehe saysittireshim,buthehasnotchangedhisopinionastotheirvalueforhis owngame. Ifhebuiltupareputationforany particularshotitwaswithhissp..on, andhecanstillu,cthisclubbeautifully.

Writingaboutthisfamousplayer, HenryCottonsays:"TheshotsIhave likedbesthavebeenhispitchandruns from40yarils.Oftenhehadnoneed toputt,asheplacedtheballsonear thepin.Hisfeatofhavingplayedin 50OpenChampionshipsissurelyarecord.'

BESTSHOT.

Howoftendowehearaplayerenthusiasticallyrefertoashotasthebest hehaseverseen.Inthisrespectitis interestingtonotewhatBobbyJones considersthebestshotheeversaw.

Itwasin1913,ontheoccasionthat HarryVardonandTedRay,English players,visitedAmericatoplayinthat country'sNationalOpen,andFrancis Ouimet,thenonly19yearsofage,shot hiswayintoatripletiewiththefamousEnglishprofessional,andbeathim intheplay-off.

InOctoberof1913.VardonandRay playedanexhibitionmatchwith StewartMaidenandWilliamMann, Americanprofessionals.TheEnglishmenwon,1up.Itwasinthismatch thattheshotreferredtowasplayed. Bobbythusdescribesit:''Ourboyshad finishedthemorningroundtwodown, butstartedbrilliantlyafterlunch,and hadtakenthelead.

'Then,beginningwiththetwelfth hole,theEnglishmenexecutedfour 'birdies'insuccession,andtookthe leadagain.Vardongotthe"birdie' atNo.12,butRay,ingettinghispar4, producedanastonishingshot.His drivewasthelongestofthefouras usual,butrightbehindatree.The treewaijaboutfortyfeethigh,with thickfoliage,andtheballwasnomore thanthetreesheightbackofit,the treeexactlyinlinewiththegreen.As Raywalkeduptohisballthemore sophisticatedmembersofthegallery werespeculatingastowhetherhe wouldtrytoslicehisshotaroundthe obstacletothegreen,170yardsaway, or'pull'aroundinontheotherside. Asforme,Ididn'tseeanythinghe couldpossiblydo,butacceptthepenaltyorastrokeintothefairway.He wasoutofluck,Iwassure.

'BigTedtookonelookattheball andanotheratthegreen,afairironshotaway,withthetreebetween.Then, withouthesitation,hedrewamashieniblick,andhehitthatballharder,I believe,thaneverIhaveseenaball hitsince,knockingitdownasifhe woulddriveittoChina.Upthrougha divotthesizeofTed'samplefoot.Up alsocametheball,buzzinglikeapartridgefromtheprodigiousspin,impartedfromthattremendouswallop-almoststraightupitgot,clearedthat treebyseveralyards,andsailedon,to droponthegreen,notfarfromthe hole.

"Thegallerywentmad.Irememberhowmenpoundedeachotheron thebackandshoutedandclappedtheir hands.Asforme,Ireallydidn'tbelieveit.Asortofwonderpersistsin mymemorytothisday.Itwasthe greatestshotIhaveeverseen."

ANTHONYMAWER QUALITYBUTCHER. CANNINGHIGHWAY,BICTON.

Anex-C.B.C.Student,whowill AppreciateYourPatronage. 41.411,1NONINO,INI.

ALEXRODOREDA

TurfCommissionAgent 802HAYSTREET. AGENTFORW.A.CHARITIES RingB5841andB5236.

NORTHAM.

E.0.TRESISE, M.P.S.,S.A.andW.A. MANUFACTURINGAND DISPENSINGCHEMIST. ForServiceandQuality. Tel.:IllNortham.

T.A.GRAHAM WESTENDBAKERY FORBETTERBREAD ServiceandSatisfaction I54FITZGERALDSTREET. NORTHAM.

ATHLETICS

FREAKISH.

Inthedaysofold,beforepedestrian sportwasbroughttothehighlevelof to-day,thereweresomequeermatches andcontests.Forinstance,aboutone hundredyearsago,JohnDumeld,who weighed6st.,undertooktocarrya rivalbusinessman,20st.,onhisback, andprovidedhereceivedhalf-wayin 100yards,waswillingtowagerten poundsofthecoinoftherealmonthe result.Theweightcarrierfound36st. toomuchforonepairoflegs,andthe back-marker,todescendtothevernacular,"wononthebit."

Anotherstrangematchwasthat, whereacertainwell-knownathleteof thosebygonedayswasbackedtowalk fourmilesbackwardinonehour,pick up100stonesoneyardapartwithhis mouth,and,thenwalkanothersix milesinafurtherhour.Thechronicles ofthedayhasreported:"Hecompleted histasksuccessfully."

Anotherped.hackedhimselftowalk 25milesforward,andthen25miles backwardin12hours.Hewonthe wager,asthere-and-backjourneyoccupied11hours20minutes.

TROTTING

Saturday'smeetingwillbeheldat RichmondPark,Fremantle.Theprogramme,withasuggestedplaceinvestmentforeachevent,isgivenbelow:

Breeders'Handicap:ConeyMavister.

Patron'sHandicap:LinyaLady. MunicipalHandicap:Mareche. AutumnHandicap:Walisca.

P.J.HevronHandicap:PaddyRoyal MarchHandicap:Casatar.

See"TheHawk's"SelectionsforRacingandTrottingelsewhereinthisissue.

EasterCarnival.

TheEasterCupwillbedecidedin divisionsonthenightsofApril5and 12,withthefinalonMondaynight, April14. Theeventisopentoall horseswhohavewonatPerth,Fremantle,orKalgoorlie,andwhoarehandicapped2.20andbetter.TheEaster Handicap,whichwillbedecidedonthe fourthandconcludingnight,April19, isforhorseshandicapped2.16andbetterwhostartinCupdivisions,andwill beovertwomiles.

ATGLOUCESTERPARK.

ThenextmeetingatGloucesterPark willbeheldonSaturday,March2.The programmewillconsistof: Breeders'Handicap,of£100.Onemile andahalf.

DividedHandicap,of£600(constitutingsixracestobeclassifiedbythehandicappers)forhorseshandicapped2.21 andbetter.Onemileandfivefurlongs.

RACING

PATRIOTICMEETING.

Tattersall'sClubwillconductaPatrioticMeetingatBelmontParkonSaturday.

SWIMMING

CHRISTIANBROTHERS'CARNIVAL.

Excellentconditionswereenjoyed 1:yswimmersintheChristianBrothers' ('ollege)St.George'sTerrace)carnival atCrawleybathsonThursdaylast.A largecrowdwitnessedmanyinteresting contests.Theoutstandingperformers weretheopenchampion,R.Lang,and K.Norish,R.CocksandW.Andrews. Someofthetimeswereparticularly good,butthebesteffortwasthatregisteredbyR.Stubbsintheunder16 110yardsfree-stylechampionship, whichhewoncomfortablyinlimn.20 sec.,overthreesecondsfasterthan.he opentitleevent.Theinter-housecompetitionresultedinaneasywinfor Greenhouse.

Results:OpenEvents.-110yardsfree-style: R.Lang,1:N.Cocks,2;K.Norrish,3. Time,1.231-5.55yardsbreast-stroke: B.Hughes,1;W.Andrews,2.'lime, 462-5sec.220yardsfree-style:R. Stubbs,1;R.Lang,2;K.Norrish,3. Time,3.42-5.55yardsback-stroke: K.Norrish,1;R.Cocks,2;D.Andrews, 3.Time,434-5sec.55yardsfreestyle:D.Cocks,1;R.Lang,2;R. Cocks,3.Time,361.5.Neatdiving: II.Miller,1;T.McTaggart,2;B.Johnson,'. Interhouserelay:Blue,1; Green,2;Red,3. Life-savingrace: HughesandHaywood,1;MillerandR. Cocks,2;SmithandCooper,3.

Under16.-110yardsfree-style:R. Stubbs,1;N.Cocks,2;W.Andrews,3. Time,1.20.55yardsback-stroke:H. Miller,1;B.Lekias,2;W.Andrews,3. Time,483-5sec.55yardsfree-style:

N.Cocks,1;B.Faulkner,2;W.Andrews,3.Time,382-5sec.

Under15.-55yardsbreast-stroke: D.Wilson,1;B.Johnson,2;H.Miller, 3.Time,504-5sec.Neatdive:H. Miller,1;R.Stubbs,2;B.Hackett,3. 55yardsfree-style:R.Stubbs,1;P. Lambert,2;H.Miller,3.Time,35sec.

Under14years.-Interhouserelay: Red,1;Green,2;Blue,3.Time,3.18 1-5.55yardsfree-style:R.Stubbs,1; II.Miller,2;J.Ballantyne,3.Time, 342-5sec.

Under13Years.-Neatdive:J.Kelly, 1;J.Carr,2;K.Grey,3.55yardsfreestyle:J.Kelly,1;J.Logan,2;J.Carr, 3.Time,403-5sec. Under12Years.-55yardsfree-style: J.Logan,1;R.Marron,2;H.P.Gepp, 3.Time,472-5sec.

Under11Years.-30yardsfree-style: L.Plummer,1;R.Sherwood,2;J. Smithson,3.Time,28sec.

Under10Years.-30yardsfree-style: R.Sherwood,1;B.Menagh,2;J.Smithson,3.Time,274-5sec.

InterhousePoints.-Green,126i;Blue, 96;Red,89i;Gold,54. ChampionSwimmer.-Open:R.Lang, 1;K.Norrish,2;R.Cocks,3. Under 16:N.Cocks,1;W.Andrews,2;H. MillerandR.Stubbs,dead-heat,3.

Inter-SchoolCarnival

FREMANTLEC.B.C.WINSBOTH TROPHIES.

Theannualswimmingcarnivalofthe ChristianBrothers'Collegeswasheldat theCrawleyBathslastFridaynight. Thelargecrowdpresenthadamost enjoyableexperience,asitwasoneof themostexcitingcontestseverheldat theBaths.Uptothelastevent,the under16Relay,thepointsweresoeven thatanyofthethreeschoolscould havewon.Thisfinaleventwaswon easilybytheFremantleteam,thus givingthemtheaggregateshield.As theyalsowonthecupforthejunior eventsandweresuccessfulintheOld Boys'Race,Fremantlehadaparticularlysuccessfulnight.Buttheother twoschools,C.B.C.,Highgate,andSt. Patrick's,werewelltotheforeall night,and,asalreadypointedout,any ofthethreeschoolscouldhavecartied offthehonours.

ThePresidentoftheAssociation, Rev.BrotherKeenan,thankedthe SwimmingAssociationforconducting thecarnival.Wr.W.Kirby,before presentingthenight'strophies,said thatthatnight'sfunctionwasoneof themostexcitingandbestconducted carnivalhiscommitteeeveradjudicatedfor.HecomplimentedtheBro. thersandtheCatholicschoolsgenerally fortheencouragementtheygaveto physicalfitnessintheirschools,and saidhisassociationwouldbeonlytoo

pleasedatanytimetoassistinrunning suchasplendidcarnivalastheyhad justwitnessed.

Results:-

Open

110Yards:L.Weston(F.),1;J.Mattison(F.),2;T.Gibbins(H.),3;J.McMahon(P.',4.

Dive:J.Harrison(F.',1;RPenn 2;J.Hanna(H.-,3;J.McMahon (P.-,4.

BackStroke:A.Woods(P.),1;W. Potts(H.),2;L.Weston(F.),3;R. Robertson(H.),4. LifeSaving:Fremantle,1;Highgate, 2;St.Patrick's,3. Under16: 55Yards:R.Robertson(H.),1;J. Mattison(F.),2;J.Carter(P.),3;H. Downey(F.),4. Relay:Fremantle(Carey,Downey, Buswell,Keen),1;Highgate(Gibbins, Golding,Robertson,Woodthorpe),2; St.Patrick's(McMahon,Carter,Black, Kelly),3.

Under15:

110Yards:R.Kelly(P.),1;C.Keane (F.),2;R.Robertson(H.),3;J.Carter (P.),4.

BreastStroke:R.Kelly(P.),1;K. Bridgland(F.),2;A.Caird(F.),3;H. Potts(H.),4. BackStroke:R.Kelly(P.),1;R. Robertson(H.),2;R.Fenn(H.),3;C. Keane(F.),4. Under14:

55Yards:H.Golding(H.),1;R. Fenn(H.),2;A.Woods(P.),3;Wright (P.),4.

Relay:Highgate(Golding,Hanna, Fenn,Dynner),1;Fremantle(Carrol, Harrison,Cormack,Fitzpatrick),2;St. Patrick's(Woods,Boylan,Wright,Sullivan),3.

BackStroke:M.Woods(P.),1;R. Fenn(H.),2;K.John(F.),3;R.Twomey(P.),4.

Under13:

55Yards:H.Cormack(F.),1;H. Walker(P.),2;R.Twomey(P.),3;T. Miller(F.),4. Dive:C.O'Brien(H.),1;W.Coch. rane(H.),2;T.Miller(F.),3;E. Mahon(P.),4.

Under12:

55Yards:R.Morrison(H.),1;E. Buckingham(P.),2;C.McShearer(F.), 3;J.Sullivan(F.,4. Relay:Fremantle(Regan,Waterman,McShearer,Sullivan),1;St.Patrick's(Buckingham,Aikenhead,Cramton,Kelly),2;Highgate(Morrison, Saunders,McGaughey,Capper),3. UnderU: P.Adcock(P.),1;S.Waterman(F.), 2;H.Regan(F.),3;Buckingham(P.), 4. Under10: S.Thompson(P.),1;H.Regan(F.), 2;J.Foley(F.),3;B.Fitzpatrick(P.), 4. OldBoys'Race:Fremantle(J.Bradley,J.Regan,K.Fraser,T.McCall),1; Highgate,2;St.Patrick's,3. TotalPoints:-AggregateShield: Fremantle,112;St.Patrick's,108; Highgate,98.JuniorCup:Fremantle,42;St.Patrick's,40;Highgate,24.

THEBREADBAKEDBY- CORLETTBROS. (LateA.I.F.), isSuperiortothatbakedbyothers.DeliveriesSouthPerth,Victoria Park,andBelmont.

Procera,White,and100percent.Wholemeal,Vienna,andHerculesTheStarchFreeGermLoaf.

'PhoneM1278,orcallattheBELMONTBAKERY.

WHOLEMEALANDMALTBREADASPECIALTY. CurryandTaylor,Bakers 75SAMSONSTREET,BEACONSFIELD.

'PhoneL2685.

SchoolResultsmustbecoveredbyletterofauthorisation,andmust beTypewrittenorinBlockLetters.

CONTRACTRATESforgeneraladvertisingonapplicationtothe AdvertisingManager.

TheManagementreservetherighttorefuseanyadvertisementit deemsobjectionable,andacceptsnoresponsibilityforanylosssustained fromerrorswhichmayappearinadvertisements.

AllenquiriesconcerningAdvertisementsshouldbeaddressedtothe ADVERTISINGMANAGER,"THERECORD,"450HAYSTREET,PERTH, WestAustralia.

THOUGHTSFORTHEWISE.

Sunday:Allourdutiestowardsour fellowmenweresummedupbyJesus ChristintheCommandment,"Thou shaltlovethyneighbourasthyself."

Monday:WhenChristianhonouris atstake,compromiseistheworstform ofimprudence.Itissometimesa dutytosmashtheidolswearecalled upontoworship.

Tuesday:ThroughtheagestheCatholicChurchhasbeentheworld's civiliser,thesavage'stamer,thesinner's refugeandrestorer,thekeeperofvirtue,theteacherofChrist'sdoctrine.

Wednesday:Looknotbackupon thepast,itssorrows,itscares,itsfailures,anditssin,withthatparalysing regretthatdarkenstheeyestotne newandgloriouspossibilitiesofthe future.

Thursday:Inpursuingthewayof spiritualenlightenment,wewillbeinflamedbytheloveofGodtolookalwaystoHislightwhichisthetrue Lightwhichillumineseverymanthat comesintothisworld.

Friday:Humilityisnecessaryfor salvation,becauseitisonly"aslittle children"thatwecanentertheKingdomofHeaven.

Saturday:Everythingthathappens andeverythingthatexistsismeant directlyorindirectlytoinstructus aboutGodandtoraiseourthoughts toHim.

CALENDAR.

Sunday,March16:ThirdSundayin Lent.Violet.Semi-double.Creed. PrefaceofLent. WeseeJesus,into-day'sGospel,in openconflictwithSatan.Soduring Lentweshouldresistthesuggestions ofthedevilmorevigorouslythanever. Nionday,March17:St.Patrick,Bishop andConfessor.White.Doubleof FirstClass.

St.Patrick,ApostleandPatronof Eire,diedA.D.464.

Tuesday,March18:St.CyrilofJerusalem,Bishop,ConfessorandDoctor oftheChurch.White.Double.2, Feria.Creed.

Wednesday,March19:St.Joseph,Confessor.White.DoubleofFirst Class.2,Feria.Creed,Prefaceof St.Joseph. WeshouldcultivateaparticulardevotiontoSt.Joseph,Spouseofthe BlessedVirginMary. Thursday,March20:Feria.Violet. Simple.

Friday,March21:St.Benedict,Abbot. White.DoubleMajor.2,Feria. ReveredastheFounderoftheBenedictineOrder,BenedictdiedA.D.543.

Saturday,March22:Feria.

Sunday,March23:FourthSundayof Lent.Violet(orRose).Semi-double.

CATECHISM

Q.Whatisthetiara?

A.Thetiara,wornbythePopeashe proceedstoandfromsolemnfunctions ofexceptionalpomp,isthePapaldiademrichlydeckedwithpearlsandpreciousstones,pointedatthetop,ornamentedbyasmallcrossandsurroundedbythreecrowns.

Q.TracethehistoryofthePapal tiara.

A.Thefirstmentionofitismetin theConstitutionsofConstantine(datingfromthe8th.century),inwhichis recordedthelegendthattheEmperor ConstantineofferedPopeSilvesterhis crownbywayofgift.OnthePope's refusingtowearagoldencrown,the Emperorsubstitutedforitaconicalshapedbirettaofshiningwhitetowhich thename"frigio"orcamelaucowas given,andwhichwaswornonlyon theoccasionofsolemnprocessions. Soonitcametoberegardedasdistinctiveofthesupremedignityofthe BishopofRome,andinthe9th.centurywasknownasthe"Regnum"(the Kingdom);butitwasnotuntilthe 10th.centurythatitwasornamented withacrown.

AsecondcrownwasaddedbyBonifaceVIII-thedoublecrown,indicatingthetwofoldpowerofthePope,viz., hisdirectpowerinreligiousaffairs,his indirectpowerinpoliticalmatters.

By1315athirdcrownwasaddedto expressthetriplepowerofthePope, viz.,thethreespiritualpowers9fteaching,rulingandsanctifying,orliistriple officeasProphet,PriestandPastor,or hisqualitiesofknowledge,power,and jurisdiction.Somefindinthetriple crownasymboloftheChurchmilitant, sufferingandtriumphant.

Q.Whatwordsareusedwhenthe newPopeiscrownedwiththetiara?

A.Wordsthatshouldfilluswith aweandreverencefortheexalteddignityoftheHolyFather: "Receivethistiara,ornamentedwith threecrowns,andknowthatyouare theFatherofPrincesandofKings, RuleroftheworldandVicarofour SaviourJesusChristuponearth."

LentenRegulationsfor1941

SUMMARYOFTHEREGULATIONSFORFASTAND ABSTINENCE.

1.OnFASTdays,thoseboundtofastareallowedone fullmealatmid-dayorintheevening.Inaddition,theyare allowedtwolightmeals-oneofabouteightounces,andthe otheroftwoorthreeounces.Anykindoffood,andhence evenfleshmeat,maybeusedatallthreemealsprovided,at thetwosmallmeals,thelimitofeightandtwoorthree ouncesrespectivelybenotexceeded.

2.OnABSTINENCEdays,fleshmeatandmeatsoupare forbidden.

3.Lardanddrippingmaybeusedondaysofabstinence, providedtheybeusedmerelyasacondimentors4soning.

4.Friday,unlessitbeaHolidayofObligation,isaday ofabstinence.

5.AshWednesdayandtheFridaysinLentandEmber weeksaredaysoffastandabstinence.

6.Mondays,Tuesdays,Wednesdays,ThursdaysandSaturdaysinLent,andtheWednesdaysandSaturdaysinQuarterTensearedaysoffastwithoutabstinence.

7.ThereisnofastorabstinenceonSundaysorHolidays ofobligation.

8.St.Patrick'sDayisexemptfromfast;ifitfallsona Friday,itisnotexemptfronttheabstinence.

9.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirseventhyearare boundbythelawofabstinence.

10.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirtwenty-firstyearare boundbythelawoffasting;theyceasetobeboundbyitwhen theyhavebeguntheirsixtiethyear.

11.Thosewhoareindelicatehealth,orwhoareengaged inexhaustingwork,arenotboundtofast.Ofcourse,those whoareseriouslyillarenotboundbyeitherfastorabstinence.

12.OnthedaysmentionedinNo.6,thosewhoarenotbound tofastarenotlimitedbythelaweitherastothequalityor quantityofthefoodtheywishtotake.

13.TheLentenFastandAbstinenceceaseatnoonon HolySaturday.

TheBushies'Corner

IhavesentyouthenameofaBushie familyandwillalsorememberyourintention.

AUNTBESSY.

Jitarning.

DearAuntBessy,-Themanagerwill giveyou3/6foryourBushies.Wishingyoueverysuccessforthiscoming ear.Pleaseacceptafewstamps.Do youknowiftheVaticanstampisa goodone?

CRANNGLEANN.

DearCrannGleann,-Ireceivedthe 3/6promptlyandwaseversopleased withit,alsothestamps.Thecurrent Vaticanstampsareaboutthemost valuableonestosave,soIamtold,but atthemomenttheyarenotworth verymuchmorethanthoseofany othercountry.

AUNTBESS4. Balkuling.

DearAuntBessy,-Willyouhaveme inyourCorner?Iwouldliketobe oneofyournephew's.Iwaselevenon February23.Iamsendingasmallbox ofusedstamps.

KEVINKELLY.

DearKevin,-Youareverywelcome totheCornerandIhopeyouwillwrite inoften,asIlovereceivinglettersfrom newCornerites.Ireceivedthestamps safelyandmustthankyoueverso muchforsavingthemupforme.

AUNTBESSY.

STAMPS.

DearCornegtes,-

Thecomingweekbringsusm<my notablefeasts.To-daywecommemoratethelittleknownMartyrsofJapan. AboutfortyyearsafterSt.Francis Xavier'sdeathpersecutionofthe ChurchbrokeoutinJapan.Christians werebrandedwiththecross,orallbut buriedalive,whiletheheadandarms wereslowlysawnoffwithbluntweapons.Manywereburntalive.Alittleboyofsixwashackedtopieces, andmanyotherlittlechildrensuffered alsofortheirFaith.

MondayisSt.Patrick'sDayand WednesdayistheFeastofSt.Joseph. St.JosephwasbybirthoftheRoyal familyofDavid,butwaslivinginpovertyasacarpenterwhenGodcalled onhimtobefosterfatherfortheChild Jesus.AlwaysheobeyedthecommandsofGodasconveyedtohim throughthemanyvisionshewasfavouredwith,anditwashewhowasresponsibletoleadingtheFlightinto EgypttosavethelifeofOurLord.The greatestofallGod'sSaints,hediedin thearmsofJesusandMaryandhas thuscometobethepatronofahappy death.St.Joseph,theshadowofthe EternalFatheruponearth,theprotectorofJesusinhishomeatNazareth, andaloverofallchildrenforthesake oftheHolyChild,shouldbethechosen guardianandpatternofeverytrue Christianfamily.

(AUNTBESSY.

Perth.

DearAuntBessy,-Justalinehoping youandallintheCosyCornerarewell. Ihopeyoudon'tgetashockwhenyou receivethisnote.Pleasefindenclosed2/6andalotofstampsfortheL.B. AlthoughIhavenotwrittenforsome timeIhavenotforgottentheBushies' SchemeinmyprayerstolittleTherese everymorning.Ihavehadalittle sicknesslastyear,butthankGodIam verywellnow.Wishingyouand everyoneontheMissionworkevery successfortheyear.

BUSHIEBESSIE.

DearBushieBessie,-Iwasindeed sorrytoknowthatyouhadbeensick lastyear,andIhopeyouarenowinthe bestofhealth.Thankyoueverso muchforrememberingtheBushiesin yourprayersandalsoforyourkind donationstotheLemonadeBottle.This year'sappealhasstartedofffairlywell andIcanonlyhopethatCorneriteswill continuetorememberitduringthe comingmonths. AUNTBESSY.

Perth.

DearAuntBessy,-Enclosedplease findpostalnotefor5s.Pleasesaya littleprayerformyintention.Iam enclosingstampedenvelopeandwould likethenameofaBushiefamilyto whomIcouldsend'Records,"etc. L.W.

DearL.W.,-Thankseversomuch foryourgenerousdonation.Ithelped ontheLemonadeRote,agooddeal.

Usedstampsmaybesentinto theCorner.Thesearesoldandthe moneygoesintotheLemonade Bottleandhelpstowardsthetotal attheendoftheyear-IfyoucannothelptheCornerinanyother waysendalongsmalldonationsof stampsasfrequentlyasyoucan.

0.1111.041..054M..M.

CARDBOARDBRIGADE.

Theformationofthe1941Brigadehasnowbeenbegunandthe Cornerwouldwelcomehardened warriorsorrawrecruitsonapplicationtoHeadquarters.Theywill beacceptedonthestrengthof theirenthusiasmfortheCauseof theBushiesandontheirwillingnesstohuntdownthenecessary thirtypenniesthatwillmaketheir collectingcardeffectiveforthe captureofthe1941objective.A nom-de-plumemaybeusedforletterstotheCorner,butallapplicationsforcardsmustbeaccompaniedbyfullnameandaddress.

LEMONADEBOTTLE.

JohnHanna'sBravery

Thissketchhasbeencontributedby FrankMulleley,aged13years,ofSt. Brigid'sPrimarySchool,WestPerth.

"AndItrustthateverymanwilldo hisduty."

Thesewordswereringingintheears ofthelegionairesastheyvainlyfought offthebandofArabsledbyCondin Comart.

Butthereseemedlittlehopeforthem becausetheArabsout-numberedthem fourtoone.Alreadymuchoftheir comrades'bloodhadreddenedthedesertsands,andmanybodieswere strewnovertherocks.

Abovetheroadofthegunsthecaptainshouted,"Wecan'tholdonmuch longer.Somemanmustgotothefort andgetreinforcements.It'sahard journeyandit'satwo-days'march. Nowwhowillvolunteer?"

"Iwill,"saidalegionairenamed JohnHanna,anEnglishman."I'll go."

"It'sahardjourney,andIdoubt ifwecanholdonforfourdays,but we'lltry.Goodluck,andmayGod bewithyou."

Bygoodluck,Johncreptthroughthe Arablineswithoutbeingseen.

TheguardofthefortattheOasisof theDeadCamelwasasleepathispost, buthewasrudelyawakenedbyanincessantbangingonthefortgates.He lookedfromhishighpositioninthe wall,tothegatesbelowwherehesaw theunconsciousformofJohnHanna.

Immediatelyherantothegatesand openedthemandcarriedhimin.Then, afterlockingthegatesagain,hecalled tothecolonel,whosaid,"Whatdoye meanbyawakingmeatthistime? Threeo'clock;yehaveacheek"!

"ButJohnHannaishere,sir."

"Idinnacarewho What!John Hanna!Bringhimin"!

TenminuteslaterJohnwastelling hisstory,andwithinthehouracompanyoflegionaires,sometwohundred strong,wasmarchingoutofthefort gates.

LetusreturntothelegionairesfightingtheArabs.Wefindthecaptain dyingontheground,andhesaidtohis next-in-command:"Itrustthatyou willdoyourbestandneversaydie." Andthesewerethelastwordshesaid.

Then,inthedistanceabuglewas heard.Thereliefpartywascoming. (Atlonglasttheyweretobesaved. TheArabsretreatedindisorderand manywerecaptured.

'Youareacredittoyourcompany, andspeakingforthewholeLegion,we areproudofyou."

WefindJohnsettleddowninEnglandataplaceinDover.Inthe marchacrossthedeserthisnerveshad beenruined,andnowwithhistontly hehadsettleddowntolivetherestof hislifeinpeace.

S.I.C.Cricket

OnSundaylast,March9,theCollege XIhadaverypleasantafternoon's cricketwithateamfromNortham A.I.F.Camp.Thematchwasarrang- edthroughthecourtesyofCaptain KennethMarshall,RecreationalTrainingOfficer.Includedintheparty whomadethetriptoNewNorciawere CaptainMarshall,Lieut.Wright,and Lieut.-Sergt.Humphries.SeveralOld Boys,includingSergt.Hunt(1914-1916) andMauriceMaher(1929-34),were membersoftheteam.

Thematchresultedinawinforthe College.TheA.I.F.,battingfirst, scored101(Lieut.-Sergt.Humphries, 40,beingthehighestscorer).The bowlinghonoursfortheCollegewere sharedbetweenG.Clune(5for27),D. Tankard(5for24),andP.Lynch(4 for16).TheCollege,inreply,were 4for107atstumps.Theopeningpair, J.Groves(3.5)and0.Santich(50),put on83withoutlossofwicket,andthus gavetheCollegeafinestart.G.Clune was14notout,whileW.Forneromade 6.

OntheSundayprevioustheCollege XIaccountedforateamfromMo. gumberdistrict. Mogumberscored 116,M.Butlercontributinganicely compiled75. Bestbowlersforthe CollegewereG.Clune(3for1),D. Tankard(4for41),andP.Lynch(2 for18).TheCollegeXI,inreply,declaredat3for128.J.Grovesopened andbattedquietlytomake22.G. Clunelivenedupthescoringrate,mu. ingaquick53,including3sixersand 5fours.R.GroveswasMogumber's mostsuccessfulbowler,taking2for33.

SchoolRacquets,Restring,andRepairsobtainableatWimbledonSports Depot,81WilliamStreet(Basement), Perth.

HolyWeekBooks

HolyMassforeachmorningandtheOfficeforeachevening,together withexplanationsoftheceremonies.

Printedincleartypeongoodqualitypaper.

No.1568/201:Leatherette,boards,blindstampingsoncover,round corners,flushedges 1/9

No.1568/136:Fullleatherette,rededges 2/0

No.1568/301:iAMericanSeal,finegrain,limp,blindstampingsoncover, roundcorners,rededges 3/6

No.1568/303:AmericanSeal,giltedges 4/6

No.1568/329:CrossGrainAmericanLeather,limp,goldtitle,round corners,redundergoldedges 5/6

AcknowledgedWithThanks. StampsfromKevinKelly,Balkuling.

SAVEMONEYonStoves,Coppers Baths,BathHeaters,andrepairstoaL Stoves.W.A.STOVECOY.,cornet WellingtonandQueenStreets,Perth.

CATERER

Mrs.E.B.O'CONNELL STIRLINGSOCIALROOMS, CornerHayandMilliganStreets. (Upstairs)

ALLCLASSESOFCATERING

'Pho'ieB3491. PrivateB4940.

pel4rini&(1I Mfg,TAIth. 776HAYSTREET,PERTH (oppositeFoyandGibson).

WEREYOUONEOFTHELUCKYONESTHISTIME IFNOT,GETYOURTICKETFROMCHARLESWATSON&CO. 76BARRACKSTREET(NextWilsonPndJohn's).

FOR2/6. OtherPrizesbytheThousand.

".

GermanAirRaid Damage

St.ThomasMore'sfamousmulberrytreeinthegardenoftheAdorationReparatriceConvent,Chelsea,thesaint's Londonshrine,wasunhurtwhenthe conventwasbombedandbadlydamagedduringaGermanairraidsome weeksago.St.ThomasMore'schapel, whichisattachedtotheconvent,was completelydestroyed.

Theconventstandsonthesiteof thesaint'sLondonhouseandthemulberry-treestoodinthegardenatthe timeofthesaint'soccupation.The nunsallescapedthebombingandhave nowbeenevacuatedtoaplacenear Leicester.

BishopMyers'churchinthesame area,St.Mary's,Cadogan-street,was bombedtwiceandbadlydamaged. Massisnowofferedintheschools.

"Tablet"Loss.

Itisfearedthatthefilesofthe "Tablet,"coveringthe100yearsofits life,weredestroyedwhentheoffices werewreckedbyfireduringtherecentconcentratedattackontheCity ofLondon.

The"Tablet"hadmovedto2,Amencorner.Formerlytheofficewasat 39,Paternoster-row,whereMessrs. LongmansGreen,thepublishers,were situated.Thisofficewasalsodestroyed.-"Universe."

Belgium'sCardinalPrimate HopesinKingLeopold

ThePrimateofBelgium,Cardinal VanRoey,ArchbishopofMalines,ina pastorallettertotheBelgianpeople, excerptsfromwhichappearintheLondon"Universe,"writes: "Concordandsolidaritymustbe strengthenedtosupportthemoralaspectofthecountryandtoassureits futureasfaraspossible.Thatunion ofsoulswillcontinuetobemanifested, wehavenodoubt,aroundtheperson ofKingLeopoldIII,whostillembodiestheprincipleofsovereigntyand inwhomliethehopesofhispeople." AttitudetoInvasion. Theletter,whichissignedbyallthe BishopsofBelgium,definestheatti-

tudethatshouldbeadoptedtothe Germaninvadersasfollows:

''Itiscertainlynecessarytorecognisetheoccupyingpowerasapower 'defacto'andthustoobeyitwithin thelimitsofinternationalconventions; buttheBelgianMotherlandcontinues toexistandallherchildrenoweher fidelityandassistance.

"Observe,therefore,onalloccasions alineofconductbothdignifiedand correct,withwhichyourconscience willnotreproachyouandthethought ofwhichwillnotonedaymakeyou blush."

VaticanCity. WorkonthenewtombofPiusXI hasstartedinthecryptbelowSt. Peter's.

ThePope'sremains,containedina steelcasket,werecarefullyliftedfrom theirpresenttombandplacedalongsidethetombofCardinalYork.

Mosaicartistsar?decoratingthe smallchapelinwhichthePope'sbody willlay.

Manyinterestingfindswereun-

TOMBSOFTHEPOPES

PEAOECONGRESSAFTER I Vichy.i

WAR.

The35th.InternationalEu- 2 charisticCongress,whichwasto havebeenheldinNiceand whichwaspostponedbecauseof thewar,willbeheldthere whenhostilitieshaveended, BishopRemond,ofNice,repeatsinanewstatementmade tothePress. Itwillbecalledthe"Congress ofPeace."

011.11M11.1=1.041100.1100.11041.4oi

KHAKI

OUTFITTINGbyCOGAN'S

EverythingtheSoldierwantsinthewayofMercery-everyitemof approvedhardwearingquality-pricedtomakethevaluebeyond compare.

SHIRTS,SOCKS,GLOVES, HANKS,COLLARS,TIES, SHORTS-GOLFHOSE

Cogans,too,tailorsUniformsforallServices-insucheffectivemannerastomakeeachgarmentdistinctivelysmarter.