The Record Newspaper 27 February 1941

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Bergson,thePhilosopher,DiedaCatholic NotedFrenchSavanta ConvertfromJudaism MARITAIN'SEARLYMASTER

HenriBergson.thenotedFrenchphilosopher,andwinnerofthe1927 NobelPrizeforliterature,whosedeathwasreportedrecentlyin thepress,diedaCatholic.TtisnowrevealedthatBergson,whn wasaJew,wasbaptisedandreceivedintotheChurchafewyearsago. HisconversionwasfirstreportedintheChicago"Israelite"inJuly, 1937,buthedidnotwishtomakeitpublic,accordingtoRaissa Maritain,throughdelicacyoffeelingforthepersecutedJewswhom hewouldhaveseemedtohaveabandonedintheirdistress.

THEwritingsofHenriBergson havehadaprofoundeffect oncontemporaryphilosophic thought.Hebecameaprofessorof philosophyattheageoftwenty-four, andwaselectedamemberofthe FrenchAcademyin1914.Hehad beeninill-healthforsomeyears,and recentlyrefusedtheexemptionuttered bytheVichyGovernmentfromthe newanti-Semiticlawsenactedin France.Atthesametime,heresign edashonoraryprofessoroftheCollegeofFrance.HediedinParisat theageofeighty-oneyears.

RaissaMaritain,alsoaconvertfrom Judaism,andthewifeofJacquesMaritain,th,Neo-Thomist,bothofwhom wereformerpupilsofBergson,paysa movingtributetohismemoryand givessomedetailsofhisconversionto theFaithinanarticleinthe"Commlnweal,"the'Americanmarazine,of January17.RaissaMaritainwrites:

''Hehadbeenillforalongtime,and theeventsofthisterribleyearmust haveacceleratedhisseparationfrom thislife.Oneofhislastactswasto refusethe'favour'bywhichVichy soughttoexempthimfromthedegradingobligationstowhich,underNazi pressure,allFrenchJewsarehenceforthsuAect.Hewouldnotaccept thisexemption,whichwasmorehumiliatingthantosufferunderthesad generallaw,andheresignedhischair intheCollegedeFranceaswellasall hisotherpositionsofhonour.

"Hediedmorethaneverinsolidaritywithhispeople.YetHenriBergsonhadbeenbaptised.Hedidnot wishtomakethisfactpublicduring hislifetime,throughdelicacyoffeelingforthepersecutedJews,whomhe wouldthushaveseemedtoabandon totheirdistress.Butnowthereisno longeranyreasontokeepsilenceover thisgreatspiritualevent.Wedonot knowexactlywhenthisbaptismtook place.ItwascertainlyseveralYears afterthepublicationofthe'TwoSources,'henceafter1932.Buthisspiritual evolutionhadbegunlongsince.From thetimeof'LesDonneesIrnmediates delaConscience'hehadbrokenwith

"Catholicismisthefulfilmentof Judaism."

theprevalenttrendofthought,with that'mechanistintoxication,'ashe himselfcalledit,whichbeclouded men'smindsattheendofthenineteenthcenturyandtotheinfluenceof whichhehimselfhadbeenstiljecti

TheSenselessnessofMechanism.

"'liesoonperceivedthesenselessnessofmechanism,'wroteJacques Maritainasearlyas1913;'hesaw thatthepositivismwhichcallsitself scientificisonlyanagglomerationof moreorlessunconsciousprejudia* andthatsovastanillusionmustinvolvetheresponsibilityofthewhole ofmodernphilosophy....Thusledto seektherealityignoredbymechanism MBergsonhadtograpple withpsychology:torecognisethe basicinsufficiencyoftheideaswhich ourscholarsordinarilyconceivewith regardtotherelationsbetweenthe physicalandthemoral:toconclude successivelythatfreewillisareality, thatthereisadistinctionbetween mindandmatter,thatthesoulhasa certainsubstantiality,perhapseven thatitisimmortal:thustocomeat lasttotheproblemsofgeneralmetaphysicsandalmosttothoseoftheodicy;toinclinetowardtheadmission ofapersonalGodandtoallowlittle

bylittletocometolightthereligious questioningsandtheneedsofthe spirituallifeofasoulinstinctivelyattractedtocontemplation.'

"Bergsonwastheonlyone,atleast amongsecularthinkers,toattempt suchanintellectualchangeofdirection.

"WhenatlastJacquesandIwentto theCollegedeFrance,whereBergson wasteaching wefoundthePhilosopherinallthebrillianceofhisglory.

"Theconsummateartwithwhich Pergsonsetforthhisviews,andseemedtocarryusallalongwithhimin theprogressofhisdiscoveries,inno wayweakenedthesubtletyandthe technicalexcellenceofhisteaching. Andthegreatlecturehallinwhichhe spokewastoosmalltocontainall thosewhowereeagertohearhim.We wouldcomethereearly,withCharles Peguy,ErnestPsichari,JeanMarx,in ordertobecertaintogetaseat.

"Furthermore,wewentonceaweek toacourseintheinterpretationof GreekthoughtwhichBergsongavein asmallerroombeforeasmallnumber ofpupils.TheyearinwhichItook thiscourseitwasdevotedtoPlotinus. CreativeEvolution.' 'WeleftforGermany,wherewe spenttwoyears.Wewereneverto returntoBergson'scourses.In1907 hepublishedthemostcontrovertible ofhisbooks,'CreativeEvolution.'And Jacques,withthelightoftheFaith, betterunderstoodtheroleplayedby theintelligence.Hisownpersonal activitybegan.Hewastotakea positioninseveralessentialsopposed tothatofBergson.Wehadlost 3ergsonasourmaster.

"In1913Jacquespublishedhisfirst hook,whichwasacriticalstudyofthe Bergsonianphilosophy.Thelastpart ofthebookisentitled,'TheTwoBergsonisms'-thatistosay,theBergsonism'offact,'thatwhichonecanfind inBergson'sexpressedthought,and theBergsonism'ofintention,that whichisthesoulofhisthoughtand whichhadperhapsnotreceivedanaltogetheradequateexpression.And JacquesMaritainconcludedthus: "'Ifeveroneweretotrytoisolate andtosetfreethisBergsonismofintention,itseemslikelythat,passing overtotheact,itwouldyieldand orderitspowerstothegreatwisdom ofSt.ThomasAquinas.'

"Itwassingularlyaudaciousthusto setthegreatestphilosopherofour "timesincontradictiontohimself.But werenottheillustriousmanandthe holdyouthbothbeforeallelsefriends oftruth.WeknewthatBergsonthus understoodit.AsfarasSt.Thomas isconcerned,afewyearsagoBergson wrotethatalthoughhewaslittlefamiliarwithThomasAquinas,yeteach timethathehadcomeacrossoneof

M.JACQUESMARITAIN,

M.JacquesMaritain,thegreatest Frenchlayauthorityontheteachings ofSt.Thorns'Aquinas,hasbeenappointedvisitirrProfessorofPhilosophy atColumbiaUniversity.

Aquinas'stexts,hehadfoundhe agreedwithhim,andhereadilyaccededtohisphilosophybeingplaced inthestreamofcontinuityflowing fromSt.Thomas.

"'CreativeEvolution'appearedin 1907.Thereafteritwasknownthat Bergsonwasworkingatabookon morals.Thislatterhedidnotpublish until1932.Atthetimeofhissilence, heroicunderthecircumstances,hecontinuedfortwenty-fiveyearsofinvestigationintothehistoryofhumanfty, intoitsmoralities,itsreligions,its mystics.Atlonglastappeared'The TwoSourcesofMoralityandReligion.'

"InastillunpublishedlectureJacqueshasanalysedthisbookfromthe pointofviewoftheconceptualsystem to'whichitrelatesandfromthepoint ofviewofthespiritwhichanimates it.Whateveronemaysayaboutthe system,thespirithereisadmirable. HavingsubjectedtostudyGreek mysticism,Orientalmysticism,the ProphetsofIsrael,ChristianMysticism.,Bergsonbelieveshimselfjustified 'nsayingthatChristianmysticismis theonlyonewhichhastrulycometo fruition.Itwastheexperienceofthe mysticswhichledhimtoaffirmthe existenceofGod.Hebelievesinthe evidenceofthosewhohavehadexperienceofDivinethings.Heputsthe Christianmysticsatthesummitofhumanity.

ChristianDoctrine.

"GeorgeCattaui,oneofourJewish friendsrecentlyconvertedtoCatholicism,sawBergsonquitefrequently afterthepublicationofthe'Two

ContinuedonBackCover.)

Thelittlechurchwasfull,butthe marriageceremonyseemedindanger ofbeingstopped,forthebridegroom wasdeafandcouldnothearthefinportantquestion:"Wiltthouhavethis womanforthylawfulweddedwife?"

"Eh?"saidthedeafman.

Theclergymanraisedhisvoice: "Wiltthouhavethiswomanforthy lawfulweddedwife?"

Thisseemedtoannoythebridegroom.

"Oh,Idon'tknow,"hesaid."She isn'tsoawful.I'veseenworsethan herthatdidn'thavehalfasmuch money.'

* * * *

Thevisitorwascriticisingwireless programmes.

"Theyusesomuchslang,"heprotested."There'sonephraseespeciallythatannoysme-'thestufftogive thetroops.'

"Iagreewithyou,"saidthehost, "thatslangshouldnotreceiveofficial recognition."

'Whatwouldyoulike'emtosay?'' chippedinthesixteen-year-oldsonof thehouse."Somethinglikethis:'In myconsideredopinionitisacommodityeminentlysuitableforunrestricted distributionamongthearmedforces oftheCrown'?" * * * *

Thedrivinginstructorwasteaching theawkwardpupilhowtostartacar.

"Putyourrighthandouttosignal you'reabouttomoveoff;putthecar intogearwiththelefthand,thengrip thehand-brake.Easeuptheclutch withtheleftfootandgentlyaccelerate withtheright,whilereleasingthe hand-brake!"heexplained. Therewasalongpause,whilethe pupilappearedtothink.

"Well,whatareyouwaitingfor?" askedtheinstructor.

"There'snothingusefulIcoulddo withmynose,isthere?"askedthe pupil.

* * *

Denniswastakentohisfirstharvest festival.Amongtheofferingsoffruit andflowers,thebunchesofpurple grapesonthepulpitgreatlytookhis fancy.

Whentheoffertoryboxcameround heputinsixpenceandsaid,confidingly,"Grapes,please."

Aschoolmaster,tryingtodiscover whathisclassofsmallboysknewof commonobjects,askedwhatitwas thatahorsewasmadetowearwhen itwentaboutitswork.Theword "harness,"whichhesoughtfor,was notforthcoming.

Atlasthesaid:"Isthereanyboy herewhosefatherattendstohorses?"

"Yes,sir,"saidonesmallboy.

"Thentelltheclass,Tommy,what yourfatherputsonahorseevery morning,"saidthemaster.

"Halfacrown,"wastheprompt reply.

SIGHTTESTING Opticians

"WhenIrollhomeintheearlyhours ofthemorning,"observedthereveller confidently,"mywifedoesn'tminda scrap!"

"Neitherdoesmine,"saidhisfriend. "Infact,shewaitsupforit!"

AnR.A.S.C.recruithadbeenouton anArmylorryforhisfirstday'sdriving,andwhenhereturnedhehadto reportaslightaccident.

"Sorry,sarge,andallthat,"heannouncedbrightly,"butIranoverafellow."

'GoodHeavens,wasitserious? gaspedthesergeant.

"No,no!Justbentthewingabit andscratchedthepaintwork!"

Withhisusuallong-windedness,the borewasdescribingoneofhishairbreadthescapes.

"TherewasI,"hesaid,"onalonely road,milesfromanywhere.witha blazingcar.Whatdoyouthink1 did?'

(Onewearylistenerstifledhisyawns longenoughtoeply."1(okalong breathandblewitout:'

Bytheslowly-movingsticamsatan anglerpatientlywatchinghisfloe:. Alongcameth'usuzl:nquisitiveperson.

"Howaretheybiting?'I.caskedsociably.

"Notatall,"repliedthefisherman. "Factis,therearen'tanyfishinthis stream."

"Thenwhyareyoufishinghere?"

"Becauseitpaysme.Lookwhat saveinbait!" *

.1certaincouple,havingbeenmarriedabouttenyears,livedalifemade upforthemostpartofquarrelsand bickerings.Onedaythehusband visitedafriendwhosehomelifewas entirelydifferent.

Onleavinghesaidtohisfriend: "I'veenjoyedmyvisit.Youseem sohappy:howdoyoudoit?"

It'squitesimple,"repliedhisfriend.

"Imakeafussofmywife,andkiss herquiteoften."

Thehusbanddecidedtotrythis method,andwhen,on'arrivinghome, hiswifeopenedthedoor,hekissed her.Hiswifeburstintotears.

"What'sthematter?"heasked.

"Oh,dear!"sobbedthewife,"Every. thinghasgonewrongto-day.Ifell downandbrokealotofchina,the maidhasgivennotice,andnowyou comehomedrunk."

Thelandlordcalledatahousein which,aftersomeundesirableoccupants,newtenantshadbeeninstalled. Thewife,notknowinghim,asked whathewanted.

"I'mthelandlord,"hesaid."I wantyourrent."

-Well,I'mbothered!-exclainied thewoman."That'sjustwhyweleft theotherhouse!"

Ajudgewaspointingoutthatawitnesswasnotnecessarilytoberegarded asuntruthfulbecausehealtereda statementhehadpreviouslymade.

"Forinstance,"hesaid,'whenIenteredthisCourtto-dayIcouldhave swornthatIhadmywatchinmy pocket.ButthenIrememberedI hadleftitinthebathroomathome."

Whenthejudgegothomethatnight hiswifesaid:"Whyallthisbother aboutyourwatch-sendingfourorfive menforit?"

"GoodHeavens!"saidthejudge;"I neversentanyone!Whatdidyou do?"

"Igaveittothe'firstonewhocame; heknewjustwhereitwas."

AnAmericanstayingatacertain coastresorthadanengagementto playgolfwithafriendwhodidnotput inapunctualappearance.

TheAmerican,whowaswaitingon thefirsttee,decidedtogototheclubhouseandtelephonetohispartner, and,notwishingtotakehisheavykit withhim,hesaidtoabystander:"Ex cuseme,butwouldyoulookafter theseclubstillIcomeback?"

"Sir,"rejoinedthebystanderwith ruffleddignity,"I'dhaveyouknow I'mthemayorofthistown."

"Nevermind.'Altaketherisk * * *

Therecameanangryraponthekitchendoor,andM's.Brownopenedit toadmitherneighbour,whowasina stateofgreatindignation.

"It'sthatmisAievousboyofyours," criedtheenragedwoman,holdingup brickfortheottmr'sinspection.He's beenandthrownthisthroughmywin dow."

AdelightedlookcameoverMrs. Brown'sface.

"Really!Howinteresting!"sheremarked."Iwonderifyouwillletme havethebrick?We'rekeepingallthe littlemementoesofhisyouthfulpranks ---they'llhesointerestingwhenhe growsup."

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The"NewOrder"

"One-of-Many,"CliftonGardens,New SouthWales.

Inyouranswersto"Freethinker," Marrickville,yourejectedallideaof aneworderafterthewar.

Thatisnotcorrect.Irejected "Freethinker's"conceptionofthenew order.Irejecteditbecauseitwas notorder,muchlessaneworder;becausehisproposalswouldmean nothingsnoreorlessthananaggravatedformoftheverygodlessanarchy whichisdelugingtheworldinmisery atthepresenttime.

IagreewiththeFreethinkerthatwe needaneworder.

SodoI.Butthatisnotthepoint. Whatweneedisnotonlyaneworder, butabetterorder.What"Freethinker'proposedwasnotabetter order.Hisproposalswouldmeana stateofaffairsevenworsethanthe systemwenowendure,andthat,heavenknows,isbadenough.Wewant somethingbetterthanthepresent order,notsomethingimmeasurably worse.

Canyou,asaChristian,honestlysay youapproveofthepresentconditionsinwhichwelive?

No.Andneveratanytimehave IsaidorimpliedthatCatholicsal). provveofthepresentsystemofIndust;i01Capitalism.Thoughnoteverythinginitisbad,itisbasedona foundationofgodlessness,andcorrodedfromtoptobottomwithasocialinjusticeasenormousasitisinhuman.

IsAustraliaaChristianCountry?

TotisaythisisaChristiancountry.

Idonot.Thoughtherearemany :nestandpracticalChristiansinAustralia,itisnotaChristiancountry. AndthemanwhoinsiststhatAustraliaisaChristiancountryiseithervery ignorantofAustralianconditions,orhe hasn'tthefoggiestnotionofwhat Christianityreallymeans.Thereare fartoomanywhosufferfromthedelusionthatsocial,businessandpolitical lifehereinAustraliaisreallyChristian.Thismerelyshows,ofcourse, thattheydonotknowthemostele. mentaryteachingsofChrist.

TheteachingandthelawofChrist areleftoutofsocialrelations,outof businessandoutofpoliticsmainlybecausetheyareleftoutofeducation. Peoplecannotbeexpectedtoliveas Christiansiftheyhavebeeneducated aspagans.Socialinjusticewillnot worrythosewhohavebeentaughtto lookuponGodandthemorallawas unimportantandwho,inconsequence, donotknowthemeaningofthemoral lawofjustice.

Whenthelawofjustice,"Thoushalt notsteal,"isremovedfromtheworld ofbusiness,thelawofthejunglesteps in.WhenthemorallawofChristis repudiatedinpoliticallife,itsplace istaken1>9'j't.helawofMachiavelli,and theworshipoftheonetrueGodgives placetotheworshipofCaesarorMammon,orsomeothermonstrousidol.

WhenGodisexcludedfromsocial anddomesticlife,orderdisappearsin anarchy,andlibertydegeneratesinto licence.

PaganismbyEducation.

Itisatruismtosaythatthechildrenofto-dayarethemenofto-morrow.Themenofto-dayarelikewise thechildrenofyesterday.Andthe schoolsofyesterdaywerenotChristianschools.Theyweregodless schoolsfromwhichChristianitywas excludedbyasystemwhichwas-and is-compulsorilysecularor,inother words,godless. Godlesseducation,whichrapidlybecomesatheisticandanti-religiouseducation,hasdonemuchtodestroy whatevertruthmayhavebeenoriginallycontainedintheassertionthat oursisaChristiancountry.

WhatlittleofChristianityremains outsidetheCatholicChurchremains ratherasatraditioninheritedfromthe past-avaguemoralsentiment,voided ofitsdoctrinalcontentanddivorced fromitsrationalfoundationinthe DivinityofthehistoricalChrist.

Whathasfailedsodismallyisnot ChristianitybutthegodlessLiberalism whichthoughtitcouldruntheworld, Australiaincluded,withoutGodand withoutJesusChristwhomHehath sent.

Andnowthattheirfailureistoo colossaltobeconcealed,thesepeople havetheeffronterytoblameChristian. ityforit.

"TheMilkRacket."

TakethemilkrackethereinSydney

Thefarmergetsaboutoneshillinga gallon,andtheconsumerhastopay abouttwoandfourpencepergallon orthereabouts.Doyoucallthat Christianity? No.Ifyouimaginethatflagrart abusesofthissorthaveanythingin commonwithChristianity,youwould bewelladvisedtostudytheelementaryteachingsofChristianity.

Ifnochangeispossible"underthe presentsystemofdistribution,"there mustbearadicalchangeinthatsystemfor,accordingtoCatholicmoral standards,itisunjustbothtothe primaryproducerandtotheconsumer. Ifthosewhohavetheauthoritytoact refusetoact,thepeoplehavetheright toreplacethembymenwhowillpay moreattentiontotherequirementsof justiceandthecommongood.

* * *

"Under-nourishedChildren."

Youhearcomplaintsthatcitychildren areunder-fedandunder-nourished, whilefarmersandvegetablegrowers havetoploughtheircropsinbecause thereisnomarketfortheirgoods. Onemantoldmethatthemoneyhe wouldbeofferedforhisvegetables wouldnotevencoverthecostof transport.ThereissomethingrottenintheStateofDenmark.

Thereissomethingrotteninthe StateofNewSouthWales;something whichistheveryantithesisofeverythingforwhichChristianitystands.

Ifmanypeopledonotbuyfruitand vegetables,itisnotbecausetheydo notwantfruitandvegetables.Itis becausetheirownincomeistoosmall, orbecausethepricesaretoohigh.If thepricesaretoohigh,itisnotbecause thefarmerchargestoomuchforhis produce.Thefarmersderivesolittle profitfromtheirhardwork,thatmany ofthemcanscarcelyearnenoughto live.Therootoftheeviliselsewhere; inasystemofdistributionwhichdeprivestheprimaryproducerofajust returnforhiswork,andplacesonthe consumerafinancialstrainwhichthe poormancannotbear, Thisstateofaffairsisnotconfined tomilkandfruitandvegetables.It ischaracteristicofmanyotherthings aswell.Anditisessentiallyunjust andun-Christian. * *

TheReason.

FartoomanyAustralianslackthat purchasingpowertowhichordinary, decent,hard-working,thriftymenhave aright.Theylackthispurchasing powerbecausetheyarenotemployed, orarenotpaidthatlivingwagewhich thePopeshaveproclaimedastheminimumrightofeveryadultworker.The doledoesnothingmorethanstaveoff starvationamongsttheunemployed. Ittendstodemoralisemenandmake themunemployable.

ThebasicwagehereinAustraliais astepintherightdirection.Itdoes givetheworkersomemeasureofprotection.Butitisnotalivingwage, muchlessafamilywage.Anybody whothinksitpossibleforamantosupportawifeandanormalfamilywith anythingapproachingordinarydecency andcomfortonthebasicwageiscompletelyoutoftouchwithrealitiesand doesnotknowwhatheistalking about.

Wehearagreatdealthesedays aboutthenecessityofphysicalfitness, andthehealth-givingpropertiesof fruitandmilk,andsoforth.The campaignforphysicalfitnessisagood thing,butitisnotasubstituteforthe productsofnature,ofwhichfartoo manyaredeprivedbecausetheylack themeansnecessarytoacquirethem. Itisabsolutelynecessarytoincrease thepurchasingpowerofthepeople withoutraisingthecostofliving.

Thephysicalfitnesscampaignwill thenhaveafoundationuponwhichto build,andtheadviceto''eatmore fruit"and"drinkmoremilk"willbea littlemoresincereandconvincing.

*

ThePriceofBread.

Wehavewheattoburn,morethan enoughtosupplyeveryman,woman andchildinAustraliawithgood,

edagainstthemholdallthecards.The lossofthesemarketsmeansthecripplingofouragriculture.

cheapbread,andtoexporthuge quantitiesoverandabove.But fromthepriceswehavetopayfor bread,onewouldthinkitarareluxuryimportedfromsomeforeign country.

Ifthereisanycountryintheworld whereplentifulsuppliesofgo.od,cheap breadshouldbewithinthereachofall, thatcountryisAustralia.Ifthereis a.strangelackofproportionbetween thepricepaidtotheprimaryproducer forhiswheat,andthepricepaidby theconsumerforhisbread,itsimply meansthatthemorallawofjusticehas beenviolatedbysomeonebetweenthe producerandtheconsumer.

* * * *

ThePlightattheFarmer.

Idon'tblamethefarmers,whoseemto begettingatoughspinallround.

Youarequiteright.Mostofthe farmersarefindingitverydifficultto makeendsmeet,andmanyofthem arefacingruin.

Thefactorswhichhavegivenriseto thistragicstateofaffairsarenumerousandintricate.Inthefirstplace, theentireAustralianeducationalsystemseemstobebuiltontheideaof preparingourboysandgirlsforlifein thecity.Itdoeslittletofiteven countrychildrenforlifeontheland.

Secondly,thetroublewithfarming inAustraliaisthatithasrarely,if ever,beenconsideredasa''wayof life,"inthesenseinwhichithasbeen intheoldworld.Ithasbeenrather anexploitationofthesoilformoney returns.ForfartoomanyAustralians, theaimoflifeonthelandhassimply beentofindasurewaytoaneventual lifeinthecity.

Butthemainandmostobvious causeofthedisintegrationofrurallife iseconomic.Australianagriculture hasbeentaughttodependonoverseas markets.Thusfarmershavebeeninvolved,inspiteofthemselves,ina gambleinwhichtheforcesarray-

Yellow

Inadditiontothis,avarietyof causes,rangingfrompayinginflated pricesforlandinboomseasons,to thenecessityofborrowingintimesof difficulty,hasplacedthevastmajority ofAustralianfarmersatthemercyof financialinterests;mainlybymeansof theeverlastingcurseofmortgages.

But,whateverthecauses,thefactis thatAustralianagricultureinonthe vergeofruin,andthatmeansruinfor Australia.Thereasonisthatthe primaryproducersare,inlastanalysis, themainstayandthebackboneofthe country.

Theproblemisrealandurgent.Itis complexintheextremeanddoesadmit ofanyeasysolution.Butitmustbe solvedandsolvedquickly,ifAustralia istoavoidcollapsefromwithin.

(Letmehererecommendthe"Manifesto"recentlypublishedbytheNationalCatholicRuralMovementof Australia.Itispublishedbythe A.CT.S.,andmaybeprocuredfor2d. YouwillfindthereinasearchinganalysisofruralconditionsinAustralia, andtheoutlinesofasoundandcommon-sensesolutionoftheproblem.)

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Thecuttingcontainsanitemfrom theAustralianAssociatedPress.Quotingthe'SundayExpress,"thereport givesaverybelatedandhalf-hearted correctionoftheliealreadyspreadto thefourcornersoftheearththatthe PopehadblessedtwohundredItalian troopsfortheirloyaltytotheirFatherland.Whyourdailypapersthought itnecessarytowaitforthisexplanationfromthe"SundayExpress"Ido notknow;foritwasrepudiatedinthis SessiononNovember10. Onthat date,Ireadthefollowingcablewhich hadjustbeenreceived:

"IntheusualpublicaudienceofOctober30,therewere1,800newly-marriedcouples,includinganumberof newlymarriedsoldiers,whohadcome tovisittheHolyFather.

"TheHolyFatherdidnotmakea speech.Hedidnotmentionwar,politics,enemiesorhatred.Ilemerely referred,whengivinghisblessing,to thefundamentaldutiestotheircoun- tyofallcitizens,irrespectiveofnationality.

"Forthisreason,theartificialinterpretationgivenincertainquarters, Australiaincluded,isincomprehensible."

ThiscablewaspublishedintheCatholicpapersonNovember14. Some twelvedayslater,thedailypapersarrivewithasecond-handaccountfrom anotoriouslyanti-CatholicpaperpublishedinEngland.

Butletusexaminethereportaspublishedinthe''Sun."

Thequestionswhichfollowarequotationsfromthereport.

"WhereDoesthePopeStand?"

"AmessagefromVaticanCityonOctober30,statingthatthePope,atan audiencegivento22Italiantroops, said,'Weblessallofyouserving yourbelovedfatherlandinfealtyand love,'hasbeenwidelypublicisedin Britain."

Itwouldbeinterestingtoknow whetherthetruthreceivedevenafractionofthepublicitygiventothelie.

"The'SundayExpress'hasahalf-page articleundertheheading,'Where doesthePopestand?'"

Anyonewhohaspaidtheslightest attentiontotheutterancesmadeby thePopefromtheverybeginningof hisPontificate,knowsexactlywhere thePopestands;forthePopehas manytimesclearlyandemphatically definedhisposition.Hisutterances onthepresentEuropeanandworld situationfillawholevolume.Letme referlistenerstothebookentitled: "ThePopeSpeaks,"recentlypublished byFaberandFaber,London.

ThePopehasfrequentlysaidthat,as farasmerelypoliticalissuesareconcerned,heisandremainsstrictlyneutralandimpartial:thathewillnotmediateintheconflictunlessaskedtodo sobythebelligerents.Concerningthe moralandspiritualissuesatstakein thepresentstruggle,thePopehasemphaticallyandrepeatedlycondemned thepaganismandbarbarityofthe

OurCatholicSchoolsandColleges

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ChristianBrothers MT.HENRY

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Boardersand

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Beautifullysituated,overlooking heriver,nearthenewCanning Bridge.ForParticularsapplyto-ThePrincipal,AquinasCollege,CanningParade,Mt.Henry

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'Phone:B3810.

PUPILSPREPAREDALLEXAMINATIONS. MONTESSORISCHOOLtORYOUNGCHILDREN ForProspectusapplyREV.MOTHERPRIORESS

CHRISTIANBROTHERS'COLLEGE-L2903. REGISTEREDPRIMARYANDSECONDARYSCHOOLFORBOYS FROMSIXYEARSTOLEAVINGCERTIFICATE. ForProspectus,applytothePRINCIPAL39ELLENSTREET,FRENIANTLE

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'fheSchoolprovidesasoundeducationonmodernlinesinallbranches ofstudy.Thepupilsarepreparedforal'examinations.TheSchooiis beautifullysituatedbetweenOceanandRiver,inextensivegrounds, withfineplayingfieldsandprivateSwimmingPoolinRiver. Telephone:F2135. Apply- MOTHERSUPERIOR.

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TotalitarianStates,andhasclearlyindicatedthattheAlliesinresisting Naziaggressionhavejusticeontheir side.

Inviewofthesefacts,thepretence ofthe"SundayExpress"nottoknow wherethePopestands,isdisgracefully insincereandhypocritical.

ThePurposeofaLie.

"'Thetextofthemessage(thatthe PopehadblessedtwohundredItaliantroops)createdresentment.'" Itwouldseemthatthesolepurpose tiftheliewastocreatesuchresentment;tocreateanti-Catholicanimosityandthuscausedisunityamongst thepeopleatacriticaltime.

"'Andforthatreason,'continuedthe 'SundayExpress;'wesoughtanexplanationfromthehighest'Catholic quartersinBritainonthePope'sattitudeonthisandotherquestions.'"

Iladthe"SundayExpress'.firstascertainedtheveracity,ifany,ofthe report,andhadthenapproachedthe Catholicauthoritiesforanexplanation, noonewouldhavereasonablecauseof complaint.Butthesaidjournaldid nottakesuchanobviousandhonest course.Withoutwaitingforanyconfirmationorverificationofthereport, the'SundayExpress"approachesthe 'highestCatholicquartersinBritain," thuscreatingtheimpressionthatthe reportwasgenuine,andthatthe Churchauthoritieswouldhavetodoa greatdealofexplaining.

The"SundayExpress"thengoeson toquotetheexplanationgivenbythe Catholicauthorities.Itisincudstance.theexplanationgiveninthe cablequotedabove.Butitwouldbe ofinteresttoknowwhetherthe"SundayExpress"quotedinfullthereply givenbythe"Catholicauthority."

* * TheVaticanCondemnsNazism.

Itwouldalsobeofinteresttoknow whetherthe"SundayExpress"gave anypublicitytotheexplicitcondemnationofNazicreedandpolicywhich wasbroadcastfromtheVaticanRadio onNovember19.AnA.A.P.cable publishedintheSydney"Sun,"issue

ofNovember20,gavethefollowingresumeofthebroadcast:

"OppositiontoNaziGermanyandto theNazitartybytheRomanCatholic ChurchwasexpressedinafrankstatementbroadcastbyVaticanCityRadio.

"Thestatementwasmadeinreply toassertionsintheSpanishnewspaper 'Alcazar,'thatGermanNationalSocialismwasnotcontradictorytoChristianprinciples.

-TheVaticanCityRadiostatedthat itwasonlynecessarytoexamineNazi literatureoverthelasteightyearsto provethattheNationalistSocialParty hadattackedtheRomanCatholic Churchasawhole,aswellasitspersonnel,itsinstitutionsandmostofthe essentialdogmasoftheChurch.

"Thatattackhasbeencarriedout withthegreatestpossibleefficiency.

"Dealingwitheducation,Vatican Citystatedthatin1933almostthe wholeofGermanCatholicyouthwas beingeducatedinCatholicschoolsin Germany.

"Thatmagnificentschoolorganisationwaspracticallynon-existenttoclay.

Anviewofthesetwofacts,how couldanyoneassertthattheNational SocialistPartyhadshownitsrespect forreligion,theradioadded.

"TheNaziStatedidnotrecognise canonical!marriage.Ithadclosed downmonasteriesandorderedthedeportationofCatholicnriests.

"FromGerman-occupiedPoland alone,400priestshadrecentlybeendeportedtoGermany,andtheclosingof monasteriesstillcontinued."

Thatstatementcanbeaccepted withouthesitationasgenuine,foritis quiteinaccordancewithscoresof similarutterances,goingbackovera numberofyears,inwhichtheVatican hasconsistentlyaffirmeditsuncompromisinghostilitytotheanti-Christianandutterlypagancharacteriof theTotalitarianStates.

Yetthe"SundayExpress"convenientlyforgetsthisfact,acceptswithout verificationthemendaciousreportthat thePopehadblessedtwohundredItaliantroops,andhypocriticallyasks: "WheredoesthePopeStand?"

Extravaganceof"Private Judgment"

M.W.,Sydney. Theenclosedleafletwasfoundinour letterboxyesterday.

Theleafletbearstheheading:"Present-dayEventsandTheirMeaning fromtheBible."Asub-headingexplainsthatitis'anendeavourtoshow fromtheBibleandcurrentevents,the nearnessofthecomingUniversalKingdom,andtheThousandYears'Reign ofJesusChristupontheearth."

Itispublishedbythe"GospelPublicityLeague,"Epping,N.S.W. Iwouldmuchappreciateyourcommentsonit.

Sinceadetailedexaminationofthe leafletwouldrequirefartoomuch spaceandwouldbeawasteoftime,I hopeyouwillbesatisfiedwithageneralcomment.

Thewholeleafletmaybedescribed asafarragooffantasticnonsense.

Inthefirstplace,thereisnota shredofevidence,whetherscriptural oranyother,fortheold,oldtheoryof theMellennialreignofChristhereon earth.

Secondly,theassumptionthatthe Biblecontainsdetailedpredictionsof allmannerofcontemporaryevents,as reportedinourcablenewsdaysby day,issogroundless,arbitraryand foolishthatitleavesonespeechless.

NumerouspassagesfromtheOldand NewTestamentsarequotedwitha cheerfuldisregardoftheirmeaningand context,andtwistedintopredictionsof theriseofHitler,theSoutherndriveof theAxisPartners,thereportedPer. siantrademissiontoBerlin,theabsorptionofRoumania,theItalianinvasionofGreece,themeetingsbetween IIitler,Mussolini,Petain,Franco;Hitler'sdriveforoil,andsoforth.Predictionsoftheseeventsandnumerous othersaredraggedoutofmutilated scripturaltextswiththedexterityof amagicianpullingrabbitsoutofa hat.

Thedistressingfactthatthereare peoplewhoreallydotake-Inchselfevidentbalderdashseriouslyisenough tomakeonedespairofhumanintelligence.Itshowstheextremesofabsurditytowhichtheprincipleofpri vatejudgmentcanlead.

TheosophyandChristianScience

"Curious,"Newcastle,N.S.W. IsthereanyconnectionbetweenTheosophyandChristianScience?

TheTheosophicalSocietyandthe ChristianScienceChurchareseparate organisations,eachwithitsownindependentgoverningbody.

TheTheosophicalSocietywasfoundedinNewYorkonNovember17,1875, byColonelOlcott,andMadamHelen PetrovnaBlavatsky(neeHahn).Mrs. AnnieBesantwasprominentlyassociatedwiththemovementfromthe year1888.TheChristianScience ChurchwasfoundedbyMm.Baker Eddy(thesurnameisthatofherthird husband)atBostoninthe"eighties."

Thoughseparateorganisations,TheosophyandChristianSciencehave manypointsincommon.Thefoundresseswere,inbothcases,ambitious anddeterminedwomen,quiteunscrupulous.Reputablehistorianshave madeshortworkofthecloudsof mythandlegendbuiltuproundthe twobydevotedfollowers.

Bothsectsarefreakreligions,definitelypantheisticincharacterand

therefore,fundamentallyandirreconcilablyanti-Christian.Theteaching ofTheosophyis,ingeneral,anincoherentjumbleofpantheistic,Indianmys- ticism,interspersedwithtravestiesof Christiandoctrine,andvariousunhealthyformsofoccultism.Onthe otherhand,ChristianScienceisneither Christiannorscientific.Itisapar- odybothofChristianityandofscience.Mrs.Eddy'swritingshavebeen describedwithconsiderableaccuracy as"soundwithoutsense."

(Leavingasidemoretechnicalworks. youwillfindabriefbutwelldocumentedaccountofbothsectsinthe "ComparativeReligionSeries"publish- edbytheEnglishC.T.S.)

ALEXRODOREDA

TurfCommissionAgent

802HAYSTREET. AGENTFORW.A.CHARITIES

CAnIsleofBattles

StrategicPostinMediterranean MALTA'SCHEQUEREDHISTORY

ThetinyislandofMaltaisabeautifulgemrestingonthebreast ofanazuresea.Formorethan3,0)0yearsithasbeenanislandof battles,foritoccupiesastrategicallyimportantpositioninthecentre oftheMediterranean.Here,setagainstabackgroundofamazing naturalbeauty,canbefoundamostabsorbingchapterofworldhistory.

THEstageisatinyoneforsuch greatevents.Maltahasatotal areaoflittlemorethanninety squaremiles;itsgreatestlengthisless thantwentymiles.Yettheislandis extremelyfertileandsupportsapopulationofalmost250,000.

Thechequeredhistoryoftheisland (saysArthurP.IIallin"TheCross") datesbackfartherthantheEternal City,foritwascolonisedbythePhoeniciansmorethaneighthundredyears beforeRomulusfirstploughedonthe PalatineHilltheboundariesofthecity towhichhegavehisname.Inthe sixteenthcenturyB.C.thePhoenicians, whohaveprobablybeenthegreatest tradersintheworld'shistory,used Maltaasatradingbase.

IntheeighthcenturyB.C.itwas annexedbytheGreeks,inwhosehands itremaineduntilitwasconqueredby Carthagesomethreehundredyears later.DuringthesecondPunicWar, about250B.C.,itfellintothehands ofRomeandremainedapartofthat vastempireuntilthemightofthe Caesars,weakenedbyself-gratification areunderminedbypride,wasbroken ontheanvilofthebarbarianhordes.

Itwasduringhersubjectionto Rome'simperialswaythatMalta bowedherheadtothedominionofan infinitelygreaterpower,foritwasin 58A.D.thatSt.Paul,themostpugnaciousofallCatholicmissionaries,was wreckedincompanywithSt.Lukeina northernbayoftheisland,eversince calledSt.Paul'sBay.Duringhisbrief stayofthreemonthsheconverted everyoneoftheinhabitantstothe Faiththatshallabideforever.

MenaceoftheCrescent.

InthefifthcenturyMaltawasravagedbytheGothsandVandals,but theirstayprovedtobetheshortestof thoseoftheisland'sconquerors,forin theyear533A.D.Belisariusbroughtit oncemoreundertheswayoftheCaesars,withthedifferencethatthistime itbelongedtotheByzantineEmpire, thatis,theeasternhalfoftheoldRomandominions,andthedominating citywasthennotRomebutByzantium (Constantinople).

Shortlyafterthis,anewpowerarose intheOrient,beforewhichEuropewas soontotremble.Butinthatconflict Europewastogainanewempireofthe mind,for,indirectlythroughtheCrusadesanddirectlythroughthefallof Constantinople,itledtotherevivalof learning.Afierylightsoonappeared upontheeasternhorizon,thecrescent ofanewfaith,themostfanaticalreligionofman,for622A.D.wasthe yearoftheHegira,ortheflightof MahomettoMedina.

Therapid'riseofthisnewpower soonmadeitselffeltinthefeudal homesofEurope.Swiftlyswooping throughPalestine,Egyptandalongthe northernshoresoftheDarkContinent, theMoors,astheupholdersofthisnew religionwereknown,werequicklyhammeringattheeasternandwestern gatesofEurope.IntheeasttheBy. zantineEmpireslowlycrumbled,followingthefateofitssisterPower, Rome,whileinthewestSpainwasbeingassaultedandgraduallypenetrated. DefeatoftheTurks.

Maltasuccumbedtothegeneralattackintheninthcentury,buthappily forEurope,CountRogerofSicily,a Normannoble,reconquereditinthe followingcentury.Isayhappily,for althoughtheinhabitantshadnotyet seenthelastinthelongtrainoftheir successivemasters,fromthatdayun tiltheendMaltawastoproveitself oneofthestrongestbulwarksinEurope'sdefence(Imightsay,Chris. tianity'sdefence)inthislife-and-death strugglewiththehordesoftheSaracen.

HavingbeenacquiredbySicily, Maltapassed,astheresultofaroyal marriage,totheHouseofHohenstaufen,whosemostillustrioussonwas FrederickBarbarossa.Ontheextinctionofthatfamilyshortlyafter1250 A.D.,thecontestfortheislandkingdomofSicilyendedwithPeterofAragonsecuringMalta.Thusitwasasa dependencyofSpainthatitfellinto

manyfinethings,alas,havebeenpromisedintreaties;theknightsneverregainedtheirislandhome.Retainedby Britain,ostensiblyonaccountofthe aggressionofFrance,itwasfinally cededtoherbytheTreatyofParisin 1814.

HomeRuleGranted.

TheBritish,however,didnotenjoy aneraofundisputedownership,for shortlyafterwardsapopularparty sprangintobeingandbegantoagitate forself-government.Aftermanyyears ofvaryingsuccess,thismovement gainedsuchgroundthatriotsbroke outin1919,culminatinginthegrantingofahome-ruleconstitution.

NORTHAM.

E.O.TRESISE, M.P.S.,S.A.andW.A. MANUFACTURINGAND DISPENSINGCHEMIST. ForServiceandQuality.

thehandsofCharlesV.who,in1530, presentedittotheKnightsofSt.John ofJerusalem,andsoachievedthereflectedgloryofanactionmostfarreachinginitsresults.

Theseknights,thelastandbravest oftheOrdersofchivalry,haveilluminedoneofthemostgloriouspagesinthe historyoftheFaith.Lasttobedriven fromtheHolyLand,theyentrenched themselvesontheislandofRhodes, fromwhichtheywerefinallyexpelled afteroneofthemosttenaciousstrugglesinhistory.

Maltahavingbeenofferedthemasa newhome,theyimmediatelysetabout fortifyingit.Thecontouroftheislandaidedthemsomewhat,butthey showedaningenuitythatiswell-nigh incredible,evenatthepresentday,in adaptingtheirdefencestothenatural ones.Theirfortificationsstillstandas stronglyaswhenfirstconstructed,and thegrim,greydreadnoughtsofthe Britishfleetto-daycastanchorbeneaththefriendlyprotectionofthe rampartsofSt.John.

Wellwasitthattheircenturies-old, experienceguidedtheknights,fortheir stubbornoppositionhadsingledthem outforthespecialattacksoftheTurks. Shortlyaftertakingpossessionoftheir islandhome,aterribleonslaughtwas letlooseonthosechampionsofChrist.

In1565A.D.thousandsoffanatical fightershurledthemselvestodeath againsttherampartsand,beforethe Turkhadtimetocrawlawayandlick hiswounds,LaValletteandhisfearlessknightshadmadethemselvesimmortal.

BattleofLepanto. Itisinthememoryofthisthatthe nameoftheirheroicleaderlivesalwaysinthenameofthechiefcity,Valletta.,A'ninteresting,andperhaps ironic,proofofthefameofthissiege isaffordedbythefactthatElizabeth ofEnglandorderedspecialprayersof thanksgivingtobeofferedtipinSt. Paul'sforthisvictory.

Theknights,however,liketruesoldiers,didnothesitatetoattackwhen opportunityoffered.InOctober,1571 A.D.,theysailedtoLepanto,thatlast greatnavalengagementofoaredgalleys,andthereparticipatedinthecompleteroutoftheTurkishfleet.At Lepanto,theunitedChristianfleetof somethreehundredAustrian,Genoese,PortugueseandVenetianvessels, undertheleadershipofDonJohnof Austria,fellinwiththeTurkishfleet numberingalsoaboutthreehundred, includingtwohundredandfiftygalleys.

Beforethesunhadsetonthatsanguinaryconflict,ninety-nineTurkish vesselshadbeensunkandonehundred andseventy-eightcaptured,thirythousandtothirty-threethousandTurks killedandwounded,tenthousandtaken prisonersandfifteenthousandChristianslavesliberatedatatotallossto theChristiansofseventhousandmen. FromthiscrushingdefeattheTurkish fleethasneverrecovered,andsince thenhasceasedtocountasafighting forceofanygreatconsequence.

Astheyearsrolledby,intervals betweensanguinaryconflictsgrewlongerandthevitalnecessityfortheir existencefaded.Theswordedgesofthe knightslosttheirkeennessandthe Orderthathadproducedsuchstalwart championsofChristendomlostitsvitalityandpower.Thus,in1798thelast GrandMasteroftheKnightsofSt. JohnofJerusalemsurrenderedthe islandwithoutablowtotheall.conqueringeaglesofNapoleonBonaparte, thenonhiswaytohisvictoriouscampaigninEgypt.

ButtheyoungCorsican,brilliant thoughhewas,couldnotbeinmore thanoneplaceatatime,andso,on hisrecalltoFrance,hislieutenants lostboththelandofthePharaosand Malta-InSeptember,1800,Maltawas blockadedandsuccessfullytaken*by theBrtish,whowereaidedbyanop- portunerevoltoftheMaltesefromthe yokeoftheFrench.

AttheTreatyofAmiens,signedon LadyDay,1802,therestorationof Maltatotheknightswaspromised.But

Innormaltimestheislandisunder theadministrationofagovernor,commander-in-chiefandchiefsecretary. TheLegislatureconsistsoftwoHouses, aSenateofseventeenmembers,partly nominatedandpartlyelected,andthe Legislative'Assemblyofthirty-two electedmembers.TheLegislaturehas completecontrolofallinternalaffairs, withtheexceptionofImperialinterests, suchasthenavyandarmy,coinage andimmigration.VallettaisanavalarsenalandbaseoftheMediterranean fleet,andeightmilliontonsofshipping clearherharboureachyear. The revenueandexpenditurebalanceat, roughly,£500,000.

FlyingArrow

CycleCo.

189

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T.C.HAMILTON,M.P.S.Ph.C. DAYANDNIGHTCHEMIST.

ofPatentMedicines. I iCountryOrdersatCityPrices.'PhoneB1236-AnyHour.i .3,..........

E.NOONAN--PavingContractor

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SPECIALISTSINROADCONSTRUCTION,BITUMENPAVING,EtcEstablishedStateWide.

ALLKEENHOUSEWIVESMEATAT THEMODELMEATSUPPLY

400ALBANYROAD,VICTORIAPARK.

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G.JAGER,Proprietor.

HAVEYOUTRIEDOURWHOLEMEALBREAD?IT'SDELICIOUS ANDNUTRITIOUS. GUILDFORDROAD,MT-LAWLEY

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TheIdealShirtforTennis,Cricket,Bowls,Yachting,andLeisureWear. COGANBROS.,

CORNER

Theseextractsaretakenfromthe letterofaPerthmemberofthe nowservingintheMiddleEast.The writerisnotaCatholic.

HAVEsolongwishedtoseeBethlehemonChristmasEve,andnow mywisheshavebeengratified.I havetoldyouallonceaboutthedrive toJerusalem,andwhatagreatscenic thrillitis,soIshallnotrepeatmyself inthis.Forapartofthewaywe travelledbyadifferentroadwhichwas veryroughandcorrugated.Onthis roadwepassedonelittlestonehouse whoseappearanceandsurroundings wereveryAustralian.Itwassituatedonthebankofawaddi(creek)and someonehadplantedgumsallaround. Clumpsofbamboogracedthewater sideandjustbehind,thehillsshowing theirfirstcoatsofgreenandthecrops springingthroughthegroundmadk:me feelsoverynearandyetsofar.After awhilewecamebacktothemain roadandastimeseemstopassquickly,itwasnotlungbeforeweweregettingquiteneartheHolyCity.Going throughthehillssurroundingthecity, youngladswerewaitingforthetraffic atthesideoftheroadwithbunches offlowersforsale.

Thesemainlycomprisedofnarcissus ai.ddaisiesfromwhatIcouldsee,and anyonewhowasrashenoughtostop andbuyI'mafraidwouldhalebeen verydisappointedatthesubsequent length01lifeofthepoorthings,as theywereclearlydroopingintheinsistentclutchofthehotlittlehands. Notlongafterweweredriving throughtheoutskirtsoftheNewCity andfinallysteppedoutofthebusat thehotel.JerusalemforChristmas EveandChristmasDay itseemed toogoodtobetrue!

:attheSepulchre1actedasguideto theothers,andshowedallIcould. '1herewasaservicedowninthecavernsbelowandsoItookthemdown, arrivingtherejustasitfinished.It wasanArmenianservicedowninthe Caves,wheretheEmpressHelena foundtheCrossabout1,600yearsago. Onthewaybackupthestepsitis quitecleartoseeallthecrosses scratchedinthewallbytheCrusaders whentheymadetheirpilgramages there.

Atlastthetimehadcomeforthe greatestofallevents1haveyetparticipatedin.Everythingwasdark andtheblackoutweighedsupreme, moreorless,ontheroadofourjourney.Marcisawonderfuldriverand thewaytheyalldrivethroughthe blackoutwithsuchasmalllightisevidenceoftheirskill.Naturallyittook alittlelongertogettoBethlehemat nightthanitdoesduringtheday, butMarcsoonpulledupatthecourtyardoftheBasilica.Wehadcome downin'astreamoftraffic,butnow therewerecarseverywhereandpeople arrivingfromeverywhere.Wewent intotheBasilicatofindaplaceto stand;weknewbeforehandthatwe shouldnotbeabletohaveaseat,as owingtothethousandsthatvisiton thisparticularnightearlierinthe weektheyissueticketsforseats;we hadnotbeenabletoapplyearly enoughandsowehadtostand.The placewaspackedwhenwearrived, andwewriggledourwayintothe crush.Wehadarrivedabout10 o'clockandtheservicebeganata quarterpast.Massitselfwasnotdue tobeginuntil11.30. Thechoirwas composedofyoungladsfromoneof theorphanages(Arablads),andthey sangbeautifully.Peoplewerearrivingallnightandweweregradually packedtighterandtighter.ThepolicewereinsidetheBasilicacontrolling thepeopleandmakingthenecessary aislesfortheprocession.Ihadwrappedmyselfupwell,asitisverycold inBethlehematnight,andIhadtwo singlets,pullover,greatcoatandscarf, andinthecrushIwasnotableto removemycoat.Ihaveneverbeen insuchadenselypackedcrowdinmy lifeandIwasdrippingwithperspirationbeforeverylong.

AstheservicebeganIsoonforgot aboutmyowndiscomfortinwatching theritualandlisteningtotheglorious voiceswhichsangandchantedall throughtheceremony.Theprocession ofthepriestsandtheBishopcame downtheaisleandwentuptothe altar.Allthecandlestickswereshiningandreflectingthelight,andwhat followedwasmostimpressive.Itwas aCatholicserviceinitshighestform

andthechoralpartoftheservicewas magnificent.lAt11.30Massbeganand finishedabout12,whenthebellsof Bethlehembegantopeal.Itwasan occasionIshallneverforget;itwas nottheservice,nor.thesinging,nor anythingconnectedwiththeservice really,butthefactthatIwasreally inthetownofChrist'sBirthandthat itwasChristmasEveandthatitwas reallyme.Icantexplain,butitstill seemslikeadreamtometothinkthat Iwasnearwheresomethingsogreat endsowonderfulhappenedsomany yearsago.

ForfourhoursIstoodinthe Basilicawhiletheservicedreweventuallytoaclose.Iwastiredand feelingweakwhenitfinished,butthen somusthavebeenthethousandsthat werethere.ItwaswhenIwenttogo outthatIfelttiredandthentheprocessionstartedtotheManger.We weresotiredandtheprocessionso longthatafterahurriedconsultation wedecidedtoleaveforthehoteland nottogoout.Bythistimeitwas nearlyhalf-pasttwo.

WhenwewentoutoftheBasilica intothepassagewhichleadstothe Mangerweslippedoutoftheproces- sionandoutside.Nell,whenwe eventuallygotoutside,therewere thousandsofpeoplewhonevereven gotinsidetheBasilicabuthadto standoutside.WewaitedforalittlewhileandMarcloomedupoutof thedarkcallingforme,andwehopped intothecarandsoonwewerewhizzingbacktothehotel.NextmorningwewalkedaroundtheoldCity`otheDamascusGateandroundtoSolomon'squarries.Theyaresituated justoutsidetheDamascusgate,andinahugecaveintheground.From thisquarrySolomontookhisstone forthebuildingofthetemple,andthis isoneoftheauthenticplacesinthe HolyCity.Wedidnotgodownfar asitistoobig,buthadalookaround insideandIboughtapaperweight madeofthestonetosendhomeasa souvenir.

Afterlunchwewerereadytogo walkingagain.Wetookacarover toGethsemaneandstrolledaround MountOlivet.Wewalkedupthe hillpasttheRussianconventdedicatedtothetwoSaints,Marthaand Mary,anduptoanoldcemeteryon thehill.StandingatthegateIlookedacrossthevalleyofKedrontothe towersandwallsofthecityofBlessed Memories,andjustthenthebellsin theChurchofDormitionbegantopeal. Thesoundfloatedacrossthevalley andreachedmewhereIstood.The scenejustcarriedmeawayaltogether, everythingseemedsopeacefuland beautiful,radiantsunshineandgreen grass,thequietlovelinessoftheold cemeteryandthesturdysheltering wallsofthegardenandRussianconventseemedtospellpeace,andthe bellsrangouttheirmessageofhappinessforalltohear.

Itseemedtheyhadamessagefor theworldwhichissotroubledand tornwithstrife;sowearyandyet unabletorest.Iwasg1aIheard thosebellsandwandered'slowlyaway, afterIhadtakenaphoto.ofthespot, feelingspirituallyuplifted.Oh,ifyou couldallbewithmehereandseewhat Iseeandwalkwithme!Iknowyou wouldloveitandthesurroundings, thehillsandfields,themountainsand thevalleys,thelittlewindingpaths

(ContinuedonPage15.)

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181RokebyRoad,Subiaco.

DnlyPrimeFreshKilledMeatSold. 'PhoneW1373.

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MT.HAWTHORN'SLEADING BUTCHER, PromptDeliveriesDaily. 'PhoneB4333,orcallat 414OXFORDSTREET. #04.#4,11,114.000.0.41.41,41.0.04,04,..414,41..4.4.4...

RANDOLPH KNAPP M.O.O.A.,N.S.W. OPTOMETRIST.

12ATWELLARCADE, FREMANTLE.

ReadingasaVice

THEdistinguishedprelateonthe platformpointedhisfinger menacinglyatthegraduates. "Reading,"heannounced,"isthepanaceaoffeebleminds,thepapofmental adolescents.Readingisthemortal sinofmodernculture.Castaside yourbooks,youngmen;thinkfor yourselves,andthefuturewillbe safe."

Igaspedwithhorror.Undermy Alicebluevoile,withthestitchedtaffetabands,Icouldfeelmyheart pounding.MotherandDad,oneither sideofme,exchangedbewildered glances.Neverhadsuchheresybeen utteredinourgenteelhousehold,with itsbookshelvesreachingfromfloorto ceilingand"TheCatholicWorld,""The Atlantic"and"CurrentLiterature"on thelibrarytable.Theprofessorsin theirflowingrobes,listenedwithinscrutable,sphinx-likestare.Only amongtheeighty-sixgraduates,rangedateithersideoftheplatform,might onedetect,hereandthere,theflash ofanapprovingsmile. WhentheRecessionalhadbeensung bythecollegechoirandmybrother andtheeighty-fivebearingsheepskins hadfileddowntheaisle,Islithered overtomyuncle.

"UncleJohn,"Iqueried,"about reading..Youheardwhathesaid?"

ItwasUncleJohnwho,threeyears before,hadsteeredmetactfullyfrom AdelaideProctorandMrs.Hemansto KeatsandShelly.Itwasamonghis shelvesthatIhadlearnedtolovethe smelland"feel"ofbooks,topounce onfirsteditions,toturnlovinglyyel-fki,:vpages,withstrangeCelticorLatin words.Hebroughthisgreypoet's eyesdowntomylevel,whichwasbelowhisshoulder,andsmiled.

"Mydear,BishopBremenhaslearnedeverythingheknowsfrombooksandheknowsalot.Ishouldn'tworry, ifIwereyou.Whenyouhaveread asmanybooksasthegoodbishop, Yourmindwillbeyourlibrary."

Butitwasnotuntiltwoyearslater thatIreallyunderstood.Wewere seated,fourteenofusgirls,with psychesandembroideredlingerieblouses,aroundthetableintheEnglish room.Thelatewintersungleamed throughtheBostonfernsonthewindowsillandlittheengravingofthe CanterburyPilgrimsaboveMiss Thompson'shead.Beforeusonthe tablelayour"historyoflit."textbooks,openat"TheRevivalofLearning."MissThompsonflungbackher head,withacharacteristicgesture,and ranherlongnervousfingersthrough themassesofherbushygreyhair.

"And.mydeargirls,"shesaid, "whenyougotoWestminsterAbbeyasgoyoumust-rememberthatclose by,inSt.Margaret'sChurch--"

"Wheretheweddingsareheld,"interpolatedWinnieGraham,whoread thesocietycolumns.

"-Remember,Winnieandtherest ofyou,tolookattheCaxtonmemorial window,andtoreadTennyson'sinscription:

'ThyprayerwasLight-moreLightwhiletimeshalllast!

Thoustwestaglorygrowingonthe night,, ButnottheshadowswhichthatLight wouldcast, TillshadowsvanishintheLightof Light.'

Andgetthemeaningofit,"sheadded; "notallbooksaregood;notallreadingisworthwhile.Theimportant thingis,whatyouselecttoreadand whatyoubringtothereading."

NowIunderstand.Anythinggood mightbebadifyoumisusedit.Books werelikefood-necessary,butneeding selectivecare.Onemightovereat,or eatatthewrongtime;likethefried eggsspreadwithraspberryjamthat Vera,Sidney,andIhadeatenwith shoehornsatourlastmidnightfeast.

Butalas!Ihad,bythen,doubled theagewhichSt.Ignatiusfixedasthe all-importantperiodfortraininginthe habitsofvirtue.Iwasrootedinthe iniquityofdesultoryandundisciplined reading.Noristheiranyhopethat Ishalleverfreemyselffromthehabits ofmyearlyyears-until,perhaps,Iam asoldasBishopBremen.

Readinghasalwaysbeenformean occasionofsin.Itleadtomyfirst lie,or,atanyrate,totheimputation oflying.Atfour,Iwasdevouredby aninsatiablelongingtoread.Butmy parents,thinkingfiveadesirableage forliteracy,leftmeinabysmalignorance.Sincenoonewouldteachme toread,Ideterminedtoresorttomy ownmethods.

Amongthebooksonmynurseryshelf wasalargebookwithawhitecover andcharmingcolouredillustrations.It wasinFrenchandpurportedktrace thelifeof"petitPierre,"fromhisearly morningbathinaroundtintubtill hiseveningprayersathismother's knee, DailyIwouldbringthebooktomy nurse."ReadaboutPierreinthe Tuileries,"Iwouldsay,pointingtothe pictureofthesmallboyinasailorsuit whippinghistopbetweentheflower beds.

ThenIwouldpointtothepictureof Pierreingurgitatingacroissantanda barofchocolate."Nowreadabout Pierre'sgoute,"Iwouldurge.

WhileCelesteread,Iwouldlisten spellboundtothewords,repeating thembelowmybreath.Occasionally shewouldprotest,"Butthereareother books,cherie.Whyalwaysthisone?

Wouldn'tyoulike"LesMalheursde Sophie,"or"LesMemoiresd'unAne"?"

"No,Ilikethisbookbest,'Iwould answerdoggedly.

OneSunday,afterdinner,Ibrought thebookwithrtetothelibrarf,Opening,it,IlaiditonMother'slap.

"Icanread,"Iannouncedproudly.

Thefamilylookeditsincredulity.

"Ican,"Iinsisted.

Motherturnedtothepictureof Pierrerollinghishoop.

"PetitPierre,"Ireadglibly,"aime joueraucerceau.Toutlesjoursit s'amuseainsi,avecsespetisearnerades."

Dadandtheboyshadgathered aroundMother'schair.Pageswere turned,butcaptionsandtextran :moothlyfrommytongue.Thefamily,nowconvinced,lookedatmewith astonishment.Haditunconsciously nurturedaninfantprogidy.Mybosom ;welledwithpride.Iknewasmuch isthatstuckupElsieFiske,whowas sevenandcouldreadHansChristian tndersen.

Butmytriumphwasshort-lived. Alasforthefictionofmyerudition, Howardhadnotedmyswiftpreliminaryglanceateachpicture;andthere weretwothatlookedalike-petit PierrebeingdressedandpetitPierre beingundressed.FlashingthepictureofPierre'smorningtoiletbefore me,hecovereditwithhishand.That wasn'tfair.Howcouldyou"read" withoutseeingthepicture?ButIhad ifleetingglimpseofit.

"Pierre,"Iread,"estfatigue.IIest huitheures.IIvasetoucher."

Therewasaroaroflaughter,andI dissolvedintotears.

Whesnthelaughterhadsubsided, Howardturnedonmeaccusingly."You saidyoucouldread.That'salie."

"It'snot,"Ishouted,"Icanread.I justdidn'tseethepicture."

ItwasonlyafterelaborateexplanationthatIunderstoodthatreading wasnotbasedonmemorisation.

Afterthat,MotherandDadcapitulated,andIspenteveryMonday,WednesdayandFridaymorning,fromten toeleven,withMissTaylorinthesittingroom,readingaboutHenPen. Onthetablewastheprimer,abook withagreencover,decoratedwith cloverblossomsandapictureofHen Pen,liftingonelegmajestically.

IthoughtthestoriesaboutHenPen rathersilly-almostassillyasthe poem,"IWishIWereaPrimrose,' whichIhadtoreciteforcompany.But whenIgraduatedto"MythsofGreece andRome,"theineptitudesofHen Penwereforgotten.

Mybedroomadjoinedthesitting room,andwhenthewindwasonthe libraryside,MotherandDadwould sitthereofanevening,heinhisleather chair,sheinherwickerrockerwiththe bluesatinribbon.Sometimesthey woulddiscussdull,grown-upthings, butagaintheconversationwouldturn on"thechildren."AndthenIwas allears.Oneshouldn'tlistenatdoors, Iknew.Butlyinginbed,whereone oughttobeand"hearingthings" wasn'teavesdropping.SoIlistened withoutcompunctiontoMother'scommentonmynewlyacquiredskill.

Ichuckledtomyself,forIknewhow Motherwoulddisapproveofmylying awaketilltheclockstruckten,finishingtheunfinishedstoriesofpeople aboutwhomIread,orconductingimaginaryconversationswiththem. Motherheardthegiggle."Isthat childawake?"sheexclaimed.

Turningthegashighshelookedid; butIwasgoodatimitationsleep.

"No,onlydreaming,"sheconcluded, andIheardherrockercreek,asIcontinuedtheweddingceremonyofAlice

inWonderland,inawhitepointd'esprit dressandorangeblossoms,toLittle LordFauntleroy.

Inthosedaysbookswere,byparentalorder,putawayatsix,neatlyrangedinmybird's-eyemaplebookcase withthepinkpongeecurtains.The rosylightfromthewestwindowtouchedwithdelicatefingersthegoldon "TheVioletFairyBook"and'TanglewoodTales,"asIturnedreluctantly away.Butthosewerespacioustimes, whenallthedaywasmine;whenonly thewateringoftheferns,thefeeding ofMimi,thekitten,orthecompulsion ofawalkwouldinterruptmyexplorationintothelivesofLittleNell,or HansBrinker,ortheLittleLame Prince.HowIhatedtobetornaway frommyperusalandsenttramping overslipperypavements,thecoldbitingthetipsofmyearsanddrawing tearsfrommyeyes!Likeyoung Ismael,Ihadtobedrivenforthinto thewilderness.

Whenthreatsfailed,persuasionwas employed.Motherwouldapproach me,paperinhand."Ihaveheard," shewouldremark,"thatthereisafamilyofpuppiesatNumber2467North ElmerStreet.Ithoughtthatyou mightliketogowithCelestetoseethe puppies;soI'vewrittendownthe number."Or,"There'saladywho makesangelcakeatHadleyPlace.I can'trememberthenumberofthe house,butit'sabrownhouse,with twotowers.WillyougowithCeleste andseeifyoucanfindher?Andbuy twocakes,onewithvanillaandone withchocolatefrosting."

Infiveminutes,bundledinequestriantights,leggings,reeferandtam,I wouldeagerlysetforthinpursuitof angelcakeorpuppies.ButthenumbersonNorthElmerStreetendedmysteriouslyat246,andtherewasno brownhousewithtwotowersonHadleyPlace. Thencameschool,pianolessons, dancinglessons;andthebeautifulleisureofmybabyhoodwasatanend. Evenwhensixo'clockbedtimebecameeight,homeworkandpracticing leftonlyhurriedhalfhoursforliterary adventure.Withthepostponement ofbedtimetillnine,agleamofhope appeared.Andwhen,attheageof fourteen,curfewceasedtosoundatall, thebalanceoflifewasrestored.The leisureofnightbecamemine-ofnight, when"thegradualduskyveil"shuts outtheclamourofday:theringingof class-bellsandtelephone,thebeatof themetronome,thebarkingofthe dogsbeggingforawalk,theinsistent demandsofone'selders:"Run,likea goodgirl,andbringmethescissorsout ofmytopdrawer.""Really,dear, YoumustanswerAuntEllen'sletter." Daybecameajourneytowardthe quiethavenoftherockingchair,besidethelibrarylamp,when,homework done,ImightrejoinZenobie.Queenof Palmyra,BenHur,orDonQuixote.

Butbeforetheclockstruckeleven, thedroopofeyelidswouldshutout theworldofillusioninthedeeperillusionofdreams.Half-waythrougha chapter,Iwouldstaggerofftobed,my fingerbetweenthepages.Ishould wakeearly,Ipromisedmyself,andfinishthechapter:apromiseneverfulfilled.Therap-taponmydoorat seven-fifteenwastheinevitableopeningofmyday.

ItwasnotuntilyearslaterthatI acquiredtheartofwakefulness,the disciplineofresistancetosleep,which setwiderstillthegatesofleisure. Now,bydintoflongpractice,sleep standsathay,tilltwoo'clock.At eleven,thelastthemeiscrammedinto mybriefcase,thelastcurlersnapped intoplace,andIstretchoutluxuriouslyinthechaiselonguebesidethe shadedlamp.

AsIread,thesmallvexationsofthe daydisappear.Iamnolongeraharriedcollegeteacher,pursuedbyapack ofstudents,hungryformarks,hungry also(thankGod!)forknowledge:I amnolongerpoor,wonderinghowI canstretchthedollarstillthethirtyfirst.Iaminanotherworld,timeless, radiant,unconfined.Dollarsnolonger count:Iamtheinheritorofgoldanrustable-beautv,andloveandlaughter,andthehighadventuresofthe spirit.

Thepoolofquietstretchesaboutme. Thesoftdarknesspressestomywindowsill.Allareasleep,butmylittle clockandI,andthebookthatismore alivethaneitherofus.Twelvestrokes: thenightisjustbeginning.One stroke:plentyoftimetoread:it's earlyyet.Two:well,onemustsleep towork.Clickgoestheelectricswitch:

darknessinvadestheroom.Islip intobed.Instantly,Iamasleep.The rhythmoflifehasbornemefromlabourtowakingdreams,fromdreamsto darkness,asthesurgeofslumberwill castmeagainontheshortofday. Onlywhenthealarmtinklesat sevendoIbecomeawarethatreading isavice.Ilieinbedwonderinghow 1canevergetup;howIcanpossibly doallthethingsthatmustbedone beforenight.Subways,citystreets, endlesscorridors,classes,conferences, commiteemeetings-Iseethemall, andmyselfasmallautomaton,rushing hitherandthither,talking,gesticulid ing. Howniceitwoupibetoturn overandgotosleepApageSantana! Iamup,andthedayhasbegun.

Ifnightis,parexeellence,thetime forreading,daytim...1,too,bringsits temptationsanditsopportunities. Thereare,forinstance,thesubway 'rains.NoonecandetestthemasI do.DejectedlyIclatterthroughthe turnstileand-:1T.airlucky-slither intoaseat.Thegarishposters,the glaringbu'.bs,theodouroftightly wedgedhumanitystirmetovague nausea.

"Remember,thesearehumanbeings," myconsciencewarns,"everyoneof themasgoodasyou."

Butconscienceanddemocraticideals arelostindistasteofgum-chewersand toe-treaders.

ThenIrememberthebookunder myarm.Itis"RichardII";Shakespeareandthe"DivinaCommedia" beingreservedforsubwayreading,as theyfitsoneatlyinone'shandbagAs Iturnapage,therumbleandvibrationcease;thelightsgrowdim,the roofsoarstovaultedheight;thehumanfacesrecede,growsolemn,sinister.Richard,"thatfairrose,"stands inWestminsterHall,convictedbyhis ownfolliesandthegreedofBolingbroke.Butthereisstillescape-the escapeofadevitalisedimagination thatknowshowtodistortlifetoits purpose.Graspingthemirror,hesees inittheface"that,likethesun,did makebeholderswink,"and,gathered abouthim,Pilates,whohavedelivered himtohissourcross.Butoneshares Richard'sillusion.Hestandsbefore useveryinchaking.Bolingbroke shrinkstoinsignificance:and,asthe mirrorshiverstofragments,theechoesofCarlisle'sprophecywhispers fromtheshadowedvaulting.

Suddenlythereisajolt,andthe sceneisNewYork,1941.Thecrowd ispouringoutontheplatform.Richard andmyglassesarehastilycrammed intomyhandbag,andoutcomemy gloves.Foramoment,Iamconfused bythescrambleandscurry:Istill haveonefootplantedinthefourteenth century.AsIstandonthecornerof LexingtonAvenueandForty-Second Street,IwonderifIamahalf-sister ofRichard,preferring,likehim,to readlifeinamirror.AmIanescapist?Well,perhaps.Whatmatter --iftheescapehelpsonetofaceharsh reality?

Oncemyoculist,noticingthebook thatisaperennialpartofmyoutdoor equipment,utteredthepiouswishthat Iwasnotatrain-and-subway-reader. Smilingnoncommitally,Ihadavision ofmyself,agedtwelve,beingconveyed aroundEuropewithmynosegluedto aTauchnitzbook.

"Forgoodness'sake!"Motherwould exclaim,astheSwisstrainpuffed throughscenesofincredibleloveliness, "Putthatbookawayandlookout.I mightjustaswellhaveleftyouat home,forallthatyou'areseeingof Europe."

'Icanseethesceneryperfectlywell withoutlookingatit,"Iwouldretort. "There'sarangeofsnow-covered mountainsinthedistance;totheleft, there'sanoldchurchwithabelfry,and beyondit,agroupofchalets;tothe rightthere'sastreamwithabridge acrossitandtwomenfishing,andbeyondthatisachateauwith. ."

"Oh,dostop,"Motherwouldurge, "andgoonwithyourreading."

And,somehow,Irememberthesceneryfarbetterforhavingseenitoutof thetailofmyeye.

Readingwithone'smealsisapleasantvice,providedoneeatsaloneor withinsensitivecompanions.It shouldberestricted,however,tothe intervalbetweencourses,sincesoup andicecreamofferdistractionsthat mayendincatastrophe.Moreover, oneshouldadaptone'sreadingtothe occasion.LambandBellocaredelightfultablecompanions;Landor's "ImaginaryConversations"andAgnes Repplier's"PointsofView"fillin mostagreeablythegustatorypauses. Ontheotherhand,Ishouldnotrecommendforsuchoccasionsabookon bacteria,orevenaFrenchgrammar. Oneofmyclassmatesatcollege madeitapracticenevertostudy,exceptatmealtime.Herdayswerefar ,(ContinuedonPage14.)

NaziPersecutionoftheChurch

LastweekwereportedtheconversionofPastorNiemoller,whohadbeen placedinaprisoncellnearthatof anotherGermanwarhero,Father RupertMayer,S.J.FatherMayerhas nowbeenreleased,butthissermon preachedbyCardinalFaulhabertothe Men'sSodalityinSt.Michael's,Munich,onSunday,July4,1937,givesthe circumstancesofhisarrestandafirsthandpictureoftilt..persecutionofthe CatholicChurchintheThirdReich:

DEARCathclicmen,Ihavebroken myconfirmationjourneytobe withvatatthischiefmeeting ofthemen'ssodality.Forthefirst timefatherRupertMayer,thepresidentofthesodality,isnotpreaching. Iprofitbythissolemnoccasiontogive puolicutterancetothesurprise,theindignation,andbitternessfeltbythe CatholicmenofMunichonhearingof FatherRupertMayer'sarrestonJune aandtheweightofsorrowcausedby itscontinuance.Thetimehasnow comeforplainspeech.

FatherRupertMayer,oftheSociety ofJesus,wenttothebattlefieldahealthyman.Aschaplaininthearmy heriskedhislifeathousandtimesto bringtohisbrethreninthedanger zonethecomfortsofourholyreligion, andafterbeingseverelywoundedin barrage-firehereturnedtohisFather. landinbrokenhealth.Nowhehas reecivedthethanksoftheFatherland.

,Aisanapostleamongthemenof Munich,FatherMayerhaslivedthe wordsoftheevangelistSt.Matthew andsethislight-theguidingflameof Christianity-onacandlestickthatit mightshinebeforemen.Hehasled thewayinpractisingFaithindaily lifeandalwaysurgedthementorendertotheStatethethingsthatare theState'sandGodandHisChurch thosethingsthataretheirdue.At thesametime,asatruesonofthepeople,FatherMayerhasexposedreligiousimpostorsandchallengedCommunisminmeetingsandspeeches,and explainedinprivatetheblessingsof thetruepoliticalandsocialorder.With thecourageofSt.JohntheBaptist. FatherMayerhaspropoundedthe truthbeforethefacesofthegreat onesofthisworld.Hadhebound himselfbyhissignaturenottopreach outsideMunichhemighthavebeen freedlongago,butasanuprightman, hescornedtorepudiatetheCatholic principlethat''theWordofGodisnot bound"(2Tim.,ii,9),declaringthat hewouldratherremaininprisonthan sign.

Themen'ssodality,thoughdeeply affectedbyFatherMayer'sarrest,has maintainedorderinaccordancewith myrequest.Iurgedyou,throughmy Vicar-General,inspiteofyourrever-

enceandenthusiasmforyourpresidentandinspiteofyourgriefathis arrest,toav,.i.-1.streetdemonstrations. Nogreaterservicecouldwedothepolicethantofurnishthemwithmeans tobringactionwithcudgelsandarrests,withlock-outsanddismissals againsttheodiousCatholics,nowadays morehatedandpersecutedthanthe Bolsheviks.YouhaveobeyedFather Mayer'swishesinkeepingorderand refrainingfromthoughtlesswordsand deeds.Thereisatimetobesilent.

MydearCatholicmen,continueto maintainthepeace.Makeapromise inspiritbeforeyourbishopthattodayyouwillnotinterruptmyaddress, norwillyoudisturbanyfuturesermon byshoutingorbyotherdemonstrationsofagreementorindignation,for itmustberememberedthatwearein church.Insteadyouwillprayfor yourimprisonedpresidentbyattendinginanorderlymannertheevening devotionshereatSt.Michael'sand byofferingthismeetingasaprayer, forthetimehasnowcometospeakto God.Forthispurposeweshould considerthreeprayerintentions:first, thatFatherRupertMayermaypreservethepeaceandcomposureofhis soul.Itisnoteasyonasuddento hesentintothelonelydesertafteran activelifeRememberthathehas preachedeverySundaythreeorfour timesandthatmanyaonehasbeen brokenbythesilenceofthegravelikeprison;secondly,thatthetimeof afflictionmaybeshortenedandthe gatesoftheprisonsoonopened-we realisenowthesignificanceofthe Church'sprayeronGoodFriday,that "theLordmayopenthegatesofthe prisons";thirdly,thatDivineProvidencemayoncemoretransmuteevil intogood.

BeforeFatherMayer'simprisonment, IsentaprotesttotheReichsminister forEcclesiastcalAffairsagainstthe vetoofMay28,forbiddinghimto preach.Myappealwas,aswastobe expected,rejectedandthevetowas notrepealed,soIturnto-daytothe CatholicmenofMunich;thereisa timeforsilenceandatimeforspeech.

OnJune9,afewdaysafterthearrest, withmyconsent,theVicar-General senttotheReichsministeroftheInterior,totheForeignOffice,tothe MinisterforEcclesiasticalAffairs,to theSecretPoliceinMunich,tothe ReichRepresentativewiththeGovernmentofBavaria,andtotheBeverPremier,thefollowingthoroughly justifiedprotestagainstthearrest:

"FatherR.Mayerhasnoneedto provehispatriotism.Hisexemplary conduct,recognisedonallsides,bothin thewarandintherevolutionof1918, hisgravewound,hisnumberlesspa.

trioticspeechesatpost-warmilitary commemorations,hisundauntedattacks athundredsofmeetingsonCommunismandMarxism-one,indeed,of whichtookplaceinthepresenceof theFuhrerandwasacknowledgedby himinaspecialletterforhisSilver Jubilee-allspeakforhisloyalty. Whereverheappeared,whetheritwas inthetrenchesorinthemilitaryhospital,inthepulpitorontheplatform, heprovedhisrarepriestlycharacter, thatofaman'sapostleofcommandingandcaptivatingqualities.He wasapromoterofcourageandconscientiousness,avhampionofreligionand morality,ofauthorityandloyalty,of orderandpublicspirit."

Thistrue-bornGermanwho,likethe Fuhrer,wearstheIronCross,firstclass, andsidebysidewithhimhasstriven againsttheCommunistsofMunich, andreceivedfromhimanappreciative personalletter,isnowconsignedto prison.Fortunately,thesermonwhich FatherMayerpreachedbeforeyouon May23waswritten.Youarewitnessesofwhathethensocourageously said,"Wedonotallowourselvestobe forcedfromourloyaltytotheState. Werefuseanyself-defenceofarevolutionarycharacter.'Thesearethe wordsothemanwhoisto-daycharged withenmityagainsttheState!

HisaccuserswillsaythatFather Mayerpreachedpolitics-onthecontraryhehas,whilstdenouncingthe useoftheslanderousslogan"Political (Catholicsm,"wielded"theswordof theSpirit,"astheWordofGodis calledintheEpistletotheEphesians, againstthosepowerfulinfluenceswhich, contrarytothewordoftheFuhrer, areatworktochangethepolitical moven:.titintoasecondreformation.

TheFuhrerstillmaintainswhatis reiteratedinhisbeolcagainandagain: :hathehasnowishtobearelieou, reformer.anddeclares:"Christianity hasbeenunitedwiththeGermanpeopleforathousandyears.Thisfact cannotbedenied."TothisIadd, thatwhathasbeensocloselyinterwovenforathousandyears,asChristianityandtheGermanpeople,cannot betornasunderwithoutinflictingdeep woundsonbothsides.He,therefore, whodefendsChristianfaithandmoralityinnationallifeservesthecommunityandtheState:inthisrespectthe workofFatherRupertMayerhasbeen, notonlyreligious,butnational.

SpeakingasaBishopIpronounce thisformaljudgmentontheimprisonmentofFatherMayer:TheStatehas norighttoforbidapriestwhocomplieswiththerequirementsofthe ConcordatandwhohasreceivedjurisdictionfromhisBishop,orasareligiousfromhissuperior,therightto preachwithintheprecinctsofthe Church.

Preachingisoneoftheessentialdutiesoftheclergyandthosedutiesare theChurch'sconcernonly,forArticle 32oftheReichConcordat,whilestatingthat"clergymenaredebarredfrom activityonbehalfofanyparty,"yet concedesthatnoinfringementofthe teachingandexplanationofthe Church'sdoctrines,dogmaticormoral, incumbentontheclergyistobemade. ItisevidentthattheStatehasno righttoforbidtheauthorisedpreachingofanypriestnor,onhisrefusalto complywiththeirorders,toarresthim.

IntheActsoftheApostles,chapters 4and5.wereadthat,whentheApostleswereputintoprisonforthefirst timebecausetheyhadannouncedthe WordofGod,theHighCouncilofthe Jewsgatheredtogether,"Andsetting theminthemidst,theyasked:By whatpowerorbywhatnamehaveyou donethis?"The.Apostlesanswered: "BythenameoftheLord.Jesusof Nazarethwhomyouhavecrucified, whomGodhathraisedfromthedead." Then"theychargedthemnottospeak atallnorteachinthenameofJesus." Butthe'Apostlesanswered:"Ifitbe justinthesightofGodtohearyou ratherthanGod,judgeye."When theyhadbeensetfree,theywenton preaching,wereagainarrested,brought beforetheCouncilandtold:"Commandingwecommandedyouthatyou shouldnotteachinthisname."But PeterandtheApostlesansweringsaid: "WeoughttoobeyGodratherthan men."

WiththearrestofFatherRupert Mayer,therecordintheActsofthe ApostlesofearlyChristiantimescomes tolifeagain.MayGodgrantHis gracetothepersecutedthatthespirit oftheholyconfessorsandmartyrsof earlyChristiantimesmayalsorevive.

LastWednesday,June30,thanksto thekindnessdtheofficersofthelaw, Ivi,itedFatherMayeratStadelheim. Inaccordancewiththeusualregula-

tionsanofficerwaspresentatthetalk, whichwaslimitedtotenminutes. 1 wishedtoreassureourdearpresident thathisBishopandtheCatholicmen andpeopleofMunichhavenotforgottenhim,foritisaworkofmercyto visittheimprisoned.FatherMayer isingoodspiritualandbodilyhealth (hiseasyconscienceservinghimin goodstead).Hehasaprivatecell,a comparativelyspaciousroom,which normallyservesforasickroomandis lightedbytwoupperwindowsandfurnishedplainlylikethecellofaprophet (4Kings,iv,10).FatherMayerbears hisinvoluntaryabsencewiththeiron couragewithwhichhewentthrough thebarrage-firetohissoldiers.He enduresthistimeofsilencewiththe stoiccalmnesswithwhichhewaited ontheoperatingtablebeforehisleg wasamputatedatthemilitaryhospital cntheEasternfront.Heevenremarkedwithaheartylaughthatin thepasttwenty-fiveyearshehadnever hadsuchanopportunityofgoingfor adailywalkashedidnowin"the houseofcontemplatives,"andwhen freehehadnothadsuchunbroken timeforstudyasthegaolafforded.To silenceabsurdrumoursnotsetincirculationbythegolden-heartedcitizens ofMunich-forexample,thathehad beentakentoCoblenz-Iwilltellyou howhepasseshisdays;notinbroodingoverhisfate,butinprayer,in studyandmakinghisretreat.After myvisitIwroteareassuringletterto FatherMayer'seighty-three-yearoldmother,tellingherthathersoniswell andbearshimselfwithcourage,and preservesthatholyindifferencewhich St.Ignatiusemphasisedsostronglyin hisExercises. s DearCatholicmen,theimprisonmentofFatherMayerhasasuprapersonalsignificanceoverandabove itspersonalone.Thisarrestmarks theentranceuponanewphaseofthe Kulturkamfforthedestructionofthe CatholicChurch.Thedecisivehour isathand;theSonofManhastaken thafanintoHishandtoseparatethe wheatfromthechaff.Beaconsare beingfiredandoneisthearrestofthe apostleofthemenofMunich.

InthenotoriousspeechofFurstenfeldiartlek,FartherMayer'simprisonmentwasmentionedinthesurveyof theexistingstatusoftheChurch.The speakerannounced:"Imuststate withregretthatonepowerandauthority,namelythatoftheChurches,still molestsnationallife."Isitcredible thatnottheFreemasons,nottheCornmunists,northeBolsheviks,tillrecentlyregardedas"PublicEnemyNo. 1,"arestigmatisedasthelastpower hostiletotheStateandthepublic good,buttheChurches?Inaflash ourpositionhasbeenmadeplain.

Thoughchallenged,Idonotintend todiscusstheFurstenfeldbruckspeech indetail;oneortworemarkswillsuf. fice.AdditionalsuppliesbytheStatetotheChurchandthesalariesofbishopswerementioned.Thesecontroversies,familiarthemesinMarxist daysandinComunistnewspapers, evenwhenraised,donotwintheeager supportofthepeople,especiallyofthe workingpeople.Itisregrettable, moreover,thatinthisconation,the figuresofthesalariesandsecretfunds oftheuniversitieswerenotmade known,andthatthepeoplewhoareto beincitedagainsttheChurchwerenot informedthatthesubventionsofthe BavarianStatetotheCatholicChurch andthesalariesaccordedtothebishopsbytheConcordatarebutapart paymentforthewealthseizedbythe BavarianGovernmentfromtheecclesiasticalprincipalitiesandmonasteriesatthetimeofthesecularisation.

LettheBavarianStaterestoretothe Churchtherealestatesandbuildings, especiallytheextensiveforestsittook fromherinthesecularisation,andwe willrenounceallStatesalaries.

ThespeakeratFurstenfeldbruckin anexcessofdevotiondeclaredallmen tobeequalbeforeGodandthelaw. Whocanrecognisethisequalityinthe publicreportsontheoffencesofclergymenontheonehandandofParty membersontheother?Orwhocan considerthedefenceoftheChristian denominationsthroughthepressand radiotobeinanywayequaltothe attacksthemselves?

Bewarned,mydearCatholicmen, bythesignsgivenweekbyweekin Germannewspapersandperiodicals whereinCatholicbishopsaresubjected tothevilestslandersandcalumnies, bothinwordsandpictures.Thewireless,correspondencebureaus,evenparishmagazines-themeansbywhichwe couldrevealthefalseteachingagainst theinstitutionsoftheChurch-are withheldfromus.Wewhoarebound

inconsciencetorespecttheauthority oftheStatemustsupportthatauthor. itywhilsttheChurch'sisdisregarded andtroddeninthedust.Somenewspaperarticlesandspeechesaretantamounttoasummonstoremovebyviolencethe"Romanmischiefmakers" and"theState'senemies."OnenewspaperwasallowedtodeclaretheGermanBishops,asabody,guiltyofhigh treason;theCorpusChristiprocession,apurelyreligiouspublicprofessionofbeliefinthedearestmysteryof ourFaith,wasrepresentedasacelebrationinimicaltotheState,and, whatisworse,the"Durchbruch,"allowedtopublishslanderousarticleson thecloseofthisyear'sCorpusChristi procession,producedasaproofand gaveoutasphotographyofthisyear's processiontwopicturesofaprevious procession.

YesterdayIreceivedfromHolland aletterinadisguisedhandpurporting torevealtothefrontierandpostofficepoliceaplotbetweenCatholics andJewishBolshevismandaconspiracyofCatholicassassins.'Welistenedwithgreatinterest,"runsthis libel,"totheverbalreportofFather Elpidius. Weshallinformyouof thenextstepsintheJewishGerman union.WecaneasilyobtainfromIndiathenecessarypoison,asmalldose ofwhichcausesatleastmadness.We areunanimousindisuadingyoufrom thiscourse. Wecaneasilygethold ofhiminBerlinwithoutit besides, adeterminedmanwhohasnomoreinterestinthisvaleoftearshasputhimselfatourdisposal.Ourcommon planwillandmustsucceed."Aclumsilydrawnswastikaservesforasignaturetothispalpableforgerywhich many,evenhereinMunich,willbe readytocredit.

TheseproofsoftheChurch'sprecariouspositionjustifythesignificanceI attachtoFatherMayer'sarrest.Iformallystatethataslongashewasfor)31ddentopreachinachurchheobeyedthelaw,butwhenhewasforbidden topreachinachurchheobeyedthe dictatesofhisconscience,forthereis atimeforspeechaswellasfcrsil?nce, andthelawofGodmustcomebefore thatofmen.

Governmentcircleswereindignant atthereportinforeignnewspapersof FatherMayer'sarrestandattheallusion,foundinthese,tomyletterto theReichminsterforEcclesiastical,Affairs.OnprincipleInevergiveinformationonChurchmatterstoforeign papers.OnlyrecentlyIhaverefused toanswera'phonedenquiryfromLondonandrequeststointerviewme.I cannotsuppress,however,mygreat amazementthatitisnotthefacts themselves,inthiscaseFatherMayer's arrest,butforeignreportsofundeniabletruthsthatgiverisetoindignation;thisinthewordsoftheGospel, isstrainingatgnatsandswallowing camels.Itisobviousthatthereport concerningFatherMayer'sarrestwas notsentabroadbyanyecelesiastiral officialinMunich,asitcontainsdata knownbyeverycitizenofMunichto befalse,suchastheannouncementby theStrasbourgwirelessthatFather Mayerhadbeendischargedfromprison.NotonlywasthearrestonJune 5openlydiscussedeverywhereinMunich,butadeclarationwasreadby orderoftheVicar-Generalinevery churchthateverythingwasbeingdone

bytheChurchauthoritiesforFather Mayer'srelease,andthataletterhad beensentbymetotheReichGovernment--measurestakentopreventpublicdemonstrationsbytheembittered people.Thoughreportersforthe foreignpapersmustbeblindanddeaf iftheyhadnotlearnedthesethings, nospecialforeigncorrespondentsare necessarywhenthedailyandweekly paperscanbasetheirjudgmentsonthe stateoftheCatholicChurchinGermany.

DearCatholicmen!Atthismost criticaltimeitisessentialthatwe shouldunderstandtheMysteryofthe Cross:itisthelawandsecretofGod's Kingdom,whoseChurchalwaysbears thesignsthatsheistheMysticalBody ofChrist,HistrueChurch,namely,the stigmataofherDivineMaster.Let usnotdesertthisChurchwhen,like herDivineFounder,sheismadeto bearthepurplecloak,theCrownof Thorns,andtheCross,andwhenwe toohavetosufferpersonallyforour Faith:

Whenthebeaconsblazeaway, Thehourwillneedmen. TheyareformedonlyontheCross."

Thathourhascome.Everyoneof uswillhavetoanswerthequestion:

"Areyoua'believerinGod'?"ora believerinChristandHisChurch?

Accordingtoto-day'sreligioustenets, a"believerinGod"needbelieveno morethanwhataTurkoraHottentotmightbelieve,hedenouncesChrist andHisChurch.Anyone,therefore, whocallshimselfamere"believerin God"betraysChristanddeclareshis apostasyfromtheChurch.

Whenyouindividuallyarefaced withthisquestion,withouthesitation orcompromiseyoumustboldlyconfess,ifnecessaryinwriting:Iama CatholicInotonlybelieveinGod,I believealsoinChristandinmyChurch. Yes,IamaCatholic,IamaCatholic.

Amen.

ModernNovelists

DEGRADINGHUMANITY.

(ByNCWCNewsService.)

Washington.

"Modernnovelists,suchasErnest Hemingway,JohnDosPassos,James Joyce,WilliamFaulknerandJamesT. Farrell,arenailingmantoacross. Hemingway,withothernovelistsof thistype,isgivingsupporttoprofessorsinourgreatAmericanuniversi'ieswho1-epoisoningthemindsof theyoungergenerationbydegrading humanity,strippingfrommanhis spiritualnature."Thisindictment wasvoicedbytheRev.Dr.JosephR. Slavin,0.P.,oftheCatholicUniversityofAmerica,inarecentaddress, duringwhichhereviewedErnestHemingway'snewnova',"ForWhomthe BellTolls,"astoryoftheSpanish CivilWar.

"ThecriticshaveacclaimedHemingway'sbestsellerforthespiritual messageitrelatesoftheCivilWarin Spain,"Dr.Slavinsaid.'Ithasnot occurredtothesecriticsthatadeeper messagerestsbehindtheprintedpages, amessagedeclaringthatvictorycan neverultimatelycometothosewhoare blastingtheveryfoundationsofhumanity,moralityandreligion.Truly, itisahiddenmessage,butforthose whostillclingeagerlytolivingasmen, itsmeaningisclear.

TheWorldDoesNeedChanging

THEREisnodoubtaboutthat!

TheApostleshadtochangethe worldinthedaysofpagan Romenearlytwothousandyearsago. Butthepaganismwhichwehaveto fightisamorelivingforcethanwas thedecadentpaganismofRome;itis athingthatisstillgrowing,energeticandappealing,holdingoutfalseideals toalreadydisillusionedmenandstirringthemtosacrificewhichoftenputs Catholicstoshame.

ButwithintheranksofCatholicsa newforce,too,hasarisen,andoneso dynamicthatithasthepowertoconquerallthatcomesbeforeit-itis youth,overflowingwiththeChristlife, withloveandgenerosity,seekingever fortruthtomakeGodtrulyknown.

Allthroughtheagesmenhavebeen seekers.Manisinstinctivelycurious, thatiswhyheisabletodevelophisintelligence,hisknowledgeandhispersonalityl. Achild,particularly,is quicktoseekandrespondtonewexperiences butwhenheisnolonger achildhehastheideatoachievesome aimastheresultofhisseeking,he risesabovemerecuriosityandonce hefeelsthathewillfindsomethingof valueitmattersnotwhatdangerslie beforehim,whathardshipshewill havetoface,hegoesontohisgoal.

Itisinman'shearttosearch,inthe heartoftheexplorerwhoblazesnevi trails,thescientistwhodelvesinto theunknown,intheseekeraftergold, thearchaeologist,thescholar,the philosopher,theseekerafterhappiness -allmenareseekers-questers.

Butyoutharethebestquestersof all,fortheyarealwayslookingfor-wardtotheclayafterto-morrow.Like aseagullsoaringabovetheworldwith steadfastwings,Youthrisesabovethe dayanditsdullness,andsendsits spiritintothefuture.

TheCatholicyouthofAustraliais noexception,andinMarchofthisyear anotherbandofQuesterswillcometo. getherat"TayCreggan"tofindout thebestwayofdevelopingtheirper-sonalitiesandcharacterstofitthemselvestobeco-workerswithChristin establishingtruthintheworld.

Youthhasataskbeforeitthese daysthatcanbeaccomplishedbyno weakandinconstantcharacter.It hasthetaskofbuildingupanew worldoutoftheruinsthatothershave madeandaremaking,andwhenwe seektobuildanewwemustbegin withourselves:wemustmakeourselvesfineandfinishedperosnalities,so thatthefoundationsoftheCatholic lifeweseektobuildwillhefirm.

Hereat"TayCreggan"thenew QuesterswilllivetogetherinthefulnessofCatholiclifeinahomewhere othersbeforethemhavestrivenwith similarideals,similarhopes,andbequeathingtothehouse,alreadyrichin naturalbeauty,anatmosphereoflife andyouth.Heretheywillfindoppor- tunitiesforthefulldevelopmentofper- sonality,hut,aboveall,theywillfind timeforstrengtheningtheirsoulsand becomingunitedtoGod,forHemust benostrangertothosewhoarecalled toworkasapostles.

Thelifeincommonisnotthatofa school.Therewillbenoattemptto produceastandardisedtype,andno examinations.Itisa"community" ofyounglay-people,eachlearning,by giving,aswellasbytakingfrom

Applicantsmaybegirlsbetween theagesofsixteenandtwentyfour.Theymaycomefrom variousoccupations,beingUniversitygraduatesorstudents, teachers,nurses,orgirlsworking inoffices,shopsorfactories;or thosewho,onleavingschool, havenotadoptedanyparticular career.

Thecostwillbe£45,andalist ofnecessaryequipmentwillbe senttoeachapplicant.The feesmaybepaideitherina lumpsumorinaseriesofinstalmentsoverthesixmonths oftheQuest. Lecturesfor1911willbeginon Monday,March17,butQuesters areexpectedtoarriveat'Tay Creggan"onMarch15or16. "TayCreggan," 30YarraStreet, Hawthorn,B.E, Victoria.

others,toplayherpartlaterinawider community.

Therewillbesixmonthsoflearning andlivingtogether,fortherewillindeedbemuchtolearn thefullCatholiclifesuppOsesaknowledgefirst ofChristHimself,ofthelifeofthe Church.andthegloriesofherhistory; theApostolatehasitsownhistory, methodsandproblemsandmustbe basedonasoundideaoftheworld's needs.

Therearethrillingditcoveries,too, tobemadeinthefieldofCatholicculture--butitwillnotbeamatterof studyonly,forwomenmustheableto dosnorethanthat-itistheyWho musttakecultureintothehome,they mustknowthejoyofmakingthings withtheirownhands,andthereare manywomanlyartsforthemtoacquire.

Moreimportant,however,thanthe actualinstructionwillbethepersonal studyandresearch,theapplicationof knowledgeinplaysanddiscussions, handworkandpracticaltasks,and aboveallthe"familylife"ofprayer, workandrecreationincommon.

"TayCreggan"-"TheHouseBuilt onaRock,"asitsnamesignifies,will providethesolidfoundationsofspiritual,intellectualandevenofdomestic training;thereisthechapel,library, reading-room's,workroomsandthekitchen,intowhosemysteriesallwillbe initiated.

Thegarden,stretchingdowntothe Yarra,invitestooutdoorrecreation, butalsotoaquietenjoymentofthe beautieswehavesoseldomtimeto observe.Inaddition,specialdormitories,gaywithbrightcurtains,anda sunnybalconyOverlookingthegarden,havebeenbuiltinastylesuited toahouseofyouth,andalofty,timberedhallservesasrefectoryandcorn, mon-room.

-Hemingway'sbookleavesonedepressedandfilledwithnausea,wonderingifmanhasfinallydecidedto throwoffhumanityandstrutabout inbrutishmasks.Ineffect,HemingwayadmitswhatweCatholicshavealwayscontended,thattheloyalistgovernmentinSpainwascontrolledby agentsoftheSovietbrandofCommunism."

"Whenmenandwomenfindentertainmentontheplaneofsensualexistence,"Dr.Slavindeclared,"when lovebecomesidentifiedwithsexualintercourse,whenthepersonalgoalof livingisthestimulationofpleasure ratherthanthedeepjoysofhappiness, theyareturningtheirbacksonthe richnessofhumanliving,theyare playingthepartofcowards,running awayfromtruth,runningawayfrom God,runningawayfromthemselves."

Dr.Slavinsaidthatifthecriticmay acceptfictionforfact,itmightbe consideredthatinthisbook,"Hemingwaydrawsaportraitofhimselfinthe personofRobertJordan,joiningthe loyalistsinSpainbecausehewasfired withanintensehatredforcapitalism andvestedinterests,andadeeplove fordemocracyinthebadsenseofthat unhappyword."

"Ifwecontinuetoacceptfictionas fact,"Dr.Slavinsaid,"wefindthe

completedisillusionmentthatcame overHemingwaywhenhesawtheintrigue,lackofdiscipline,madriotsand murders,theengulfingwaveofimmoralitythatswepttheranksoftheloyalists,duetoCommunisticleadersfrom Moscow,FranceandCzecho-Slovakia. Further,ifthisworkbetakenas autobiographical,wecouldeasilyconcludethatwhiletheauthorisstill stronglyopposedto'Fascism,'theremedyisnottobefoundinSovietCommunism."

"Hemingway'sbook,"Dr.Slavincontinued,"ifitistobeacceptedashistory,asmanycriticswouldhaveus do,insteadofbeingadefenceofthe loyalistsisinrealityanindictmenton thefollowingfivecounts:(1)'That ComunismoftheSovietvintagemismanagedthegovernmentforces;(2) thatsuspicion,greed,murderandrape werenormalactivitiesoftheredarmy, notonlytowardstheNationalistsbut evenamongthemselves;(3)thatthe Spanishpeoplewhosupportedthese unscrupulousandjealousleaderswere dupedintofightingforacausethey knewnothingabout;(4)thatAmericanmoneyandarmsprolongedthe conflict;and(5)thattheattemptto eradicatereligionfromthemindsof thepeoplemetwithdismalfailure."

Here,aroundthefireonwinterevenings,thegirlsgather;sometimesto discusstheirproblems,andtoputtheir ideas,asitwere,intoameltingpot,so thatallmaydrawouttherefrom; sometimestosingtogether;perhapsto playthesimplegameswelovedas children;or,perhaps,someonewillbegintotellastory,andallwillstopto listen,feelingaspiritof"togetherness," aspiritwhichwillstandthemingood steadwhen,Questdaysover,theyface, perhapsalone,thetestsofadifficult task.

Sometimes,too,theyhearthecall ofthebushorthesea,andspend happy,healthyhoursramblinginthe hillsorbytheriver,gatheringwood forthecampfire,boilingthebilly, learningtoliveoutofdoors learningtoloveandunderstandthebeautiesofthecountrywhichGodhas givenusandsorichlyendowed.

Sixmonthsisnottoolongatimein whichtofindapaththroughlife,and tostoreuprichesthatcanbegiven toother:.Theworldmustbebrought backtoGod,itmusthetransformed byalivingCatholicism.Youthhas heardthecall-andsincethetalisman whichmustworkthistransformation isnotgivenmerelyfortheasking,it willgooutinsearchofit.

THE LE\TEN SEASON

TheChurchisnotauintricatemechanismbutavitalandliving organism.TheMysticalBodyofChristlivesoveragaininher liturgicalyearthelifeoftheRedeemer.Theannualcelebrations ofthemysteriesofChristis,howevernomerememorialofthe past.Theceremoniesappropriatetotherespectiveseasonsofthe liturgicalcyclehavethecharacterofeventsactuallytakingplace, andinwhichtheChurchreallyparticipates.So,intheliturgy,we becomecontemporariesofOurLord.Whathappenedonceisever recurrent.Thepastbecomestheimmediatepresent.Thus,in theHolyMassofChristmas,theDivineChildisasneartousas HewastotheshepherdsonthefirstChristmasnightinBethlehem. Ouradorationisbutaprolongationoftheirs,andthespecialgraces vouchsafedtothemattheMangerarestoredupforoursoulsin theChristmasMass.Eachmysterythatiscelebratedhasitsspecialgrace,justasineachperiodofHisearthlylifeChristacquired particulargraceforus.

OnAshWednesday,then,thedistributionoftheashesofficially ushersintheSeasonofLent,Nvhichinitselfisapreparationforthe ChristianPasch,whichcommemoratesthePassion,Death,and ResurrectionofOurSaviour.IntheearlyChurch,Lentwasthe timeofpreparationforbaptismandalsothespecialoccasionfor publicsinnerstoprepareforabsolution.Theideaofthisspirit ofpreparationtoshakeofftheshacklesofsinisthekeynotetothe understandingoftheLentenliturgy.Thisdeparturefromsin andunionwithChristwasfirsteffectedinourbaptismwhen,in thelanguageofSt.Paul,wewereburiedtogetherwithHimby baptismuntodeath,thatwemightarisewithHimandwalkin newnessoflife.And,again,itiseffectedeachtimewedopenance forsinandarerestoredtograce.Lent,then,isatimeofretreat forthewholeChristianworld,atimeforus(asfortheCatechumensandpublicsinners)ofprayer,fastingandrecollectionasfar asourdittiespermit.

* * e

Thepenitentialpracticesoffastandabstinenceduringthe LentenSeasonaredesignedtotrainthesoultovirtueandholiness oflifebydestroyingsin,theonemortaldiseaseofthesoul,byimpellingittorepentanceandtotheuseofthosemeansofforgivenesswhichChristhasentrustedtoHisChurch.Mortification evenanticipatessinbydealingwithtemptationstosin,against whichitstrengthensthesoulbyinducingittoaccepthardships. howeversevere,ratherthanyieldtothetemptation.Hence,mortification,thoughfromonestandpointalawofdeath,accordingto itsderivation,isultimatelyandfundamentallyalawoflife,elevatingandnotdestroyingnature.St.Paulhadthisinmindwhen liewrotetotheRomans:"Ifyouliveaccordingtothefleshyou shalldie;butif,bytheSpirit,youmortifythedeedsoftheflesh, youshalllive."Mortificationis,then,tohepractisedinthebest interestsofthesoul,forbydestroyingthediseasesofthesoulit restoresandinvigoratesitstruelife.

* * C

Inadditiontothecurativeaimsofmortification,penanceis alsoemployedasapersonalexpiationinunionwithChrist'sAtonementforoursins,andthisisverypleasingtoGod.Itexplains, moreover,thesevereausterityofmanyoftheSaints.Thediscipline,however,ofthesoulandtheinternalmortificationofprideand self-loveareinfacttheessentialendofallexternalpenance,which isefficaciousonlysofarasitspringsfromthisinternalpenance, andservestopromoteit.SotheChurchpraysonAshWednesdaywiththewordsofJoeltheProphet:"Rendyourheartsandnot yourgarments,andturntotheLordyourGod."Accordinglythe ChurchhasmitigatedfromtimetotimetheseverityoftheLenten fasttoservethebestinterestsofthesoulsofherchildren.ButShe hasnot,andcannot,relaxherdemandfortheinnerchangeof heart,thatputtingoffofthe"oldman"whichisthepurposeof LentinpreparationforthetruerejoicingatEasterandforthereceptionoftheEasterSacrament.Letusthenstrivetomakeof LentapersonalsuccesswhileprayingthatGodmightcreatea cleanheartandrenewarightspiritwithinus.

HisGracetheArchbishopreturned onFridayfromaCanonicalVisitto Denmarkanddistricts.

HisGracewillpresideattheQuarterlyConferenceoftheSt.Vincentde PaulSociety,inSt.Brigid'sChurch, WestPerth,onSundayafternoon, March2,andattheeveningdevotions intheCathedralonSundayevening.

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS March9th(morning)Blessnew

COURSEOFLENTENSERMONSATST.MARY'S CATHEDRAL.

"TheReasonablenessofOur Faith."

CommencingonSunday,2nd. March,Rev.FatherE.McLoughlin,C.SS.R.,oftheRedemptoristMonastery,North Perth,willdeliveracourseof LentensermonsinSt.Mary's CathedraloneachSundayeveningduringtheHolySeasonat 7.30p.m.FatherMcLoughlin haschosenthe"Divinityof Christ"asthesubjectofthe firstsermonofhisseries,entitled "TheReasonablenessofOur Faith."

,041.41.404,04,141.41,014,,M#04,11411,41.-41NP.

PROTESTANTLEADERON RELIGIOUSEDUCATION.

DeanLutherAllanWeigle,ofthe YaleDivinitySchool,presidentinthe U.S.A.oftheFederalCouncilofChurches,andreferredtobytheAmerican news-magazine,"Time,"as"No.1U.S. Protestant,"isexpectedtopreside over"thebiggestmergerinthehistory ofU.S.Protestantism afusionof theFederalCouncilwithsixother majorinter-churchagencies."

DeanWeigleisquotedonreligious education:"Peoplemustbetaught whatthefactsareuponwhichChristianfaithrests,TheChurchmust givechildrenandyoungpeopleanen vironmentinwhichtheycangrowup asChristians,andhelpitsmembers everywheretolookattheproblemsof theirlivesinthelightoftheirrelation toGod."

Theincreasingpublicsupportgiven byleadersofnon-Catholicdenominationstotheprincipleswhichactuate Catholicsintheirpracticalinsistence onreligiousschoolsisevidencethat thelackofsucheducationisproducing alarmingresultsinmanyquarters.

CATHOLICBOYSINVITEDTO ARALUEN.

EachEastertheYoungAustralia LeagueconductsanoutingtoAraluen, whichembracestheschoolholidays.

Sincethefirstoutingofthiskindin 1932anumberofCatholicboyshave participated,andaninvitationisissued forboystotakepartthisyear.CatholicofficersoftheLeagueundertake theresponsibilityofthespecialcare oftheiryoungco-religionists,whowill attendMassatArmadaleonEaster Sunday,asisthecustomeachEaster.

Thecostoftheoutingwillbe ls, whichincludesbusfare,allmeals,entertainmentsandaccommodation.

AnillustratedleafletgivingfulldetailsmaybeobtainedfromtheprincipalsofCatholicschoolsinthemetropolitanarea,orbymakingdirectapplicationtotheYoungAustraliaLeague,cornerMurrayandIrwinStreets, orbytelephoningB1891.

ExecutiveMeeting.

TheexecutivemeetinghasbeenpostponedtillTuesday,March4,at2.30 p.m.

CampComforts.

Mrs.Ryanisinattendanceinthe LeagueRoomseveryFridayfrom2 p.m.to4pin.,todistributewoolto knitters.She'asksthosewhohave woolinhandtoexpeditethecomple tionandreturnofgarments.

churchofSt.Brendan,GrassValley. (Afternoon):Blessnewschooland PresbyteryatCunderdin.

QUARTERLYCONFERENCE.

TheQuarterlyConferenceofthe PriestsoftheMetropolitanArea willbeheldattheChapter Hall,VictoriaSquare,onFriday,March7,at10am.

THENEWSMALLMISSAL.

Hithertoalmostthewholeofthe English-speakingworldhasreliedupon Belgiumforsuppliesoftheextremely popular"SmallMissal."

WhentheGermansinvadedBelgium, thesourceofsupplywas,ofcourse,cut off,andasituationcreatedofaserious characterforallEnglish-speakingCatholics.

Inspiteofthedifficulties,Burns, OatesandWashbourne(London)have producedanewsmallmissalatanattractiveprice.Aspecialfountofsingularlybeautifultypewhichhadbeen designedfortheprintersbyStanley Morison,theeminenttypographer,has beenusedforthisedition.

Whatiscertainlythelargestedition oftheMissaleverproducedinEngland hasnowbeenprinted.ThenewNWsalcontainsallthefamiliarandnecessaryfeaturespresentedinastyleand qualityfarsuperiortoanythingever beforeproduced.

Acheapbindinginlimpclothhas bindingsinclothandleatheratprices findingsinclothandleatheratprices rangingfrom1/3to10/6.

ThenewMissalcontainsthespecial AustralisianSupplement.

St.Patrick'sDay

CONCERTINCAPITOLTHEATRE.

AconcertwillbeheldintheCapitol TheatreontheeveningofSt.Patrick's Day,Monday,March17. Theprogrammewillbegivenbythechildren ofthelocalCatholicschools.

Theproceedsoftheconcertwillbe devotedtotheCatholicWelfareOrganisation.

Itemswillbegivenbythefollowing:

LoretoConvent:Choralitem. ChristianBrothers'College:GymnasticDisplay.Vaultinghorsedisplay bytheseniorsquad.

SantaMariaLadies'College:Choir withorchestralaccompaniment. TheIrishmelodiesandsymphonies ofSirJohnStephenson.

HighgateHillHighSchool:"Mother Machree,"''ThatOld-FashionedMother ofMine,"IrishJig.

VictoriaSquarePrimarySchool: PolishDance.

Ladies'College,Victoria,,,,quare:Orchestral,"FantasiaofNthAirs."

St.Columba'sSchool:RibbonDance. HighgateHillPrimary(Infants): "MyIrishDaddyKnows."

St.Brigid'sCollege:"TheFairyTales ofIreland,"TheMeetingofthe Waters."

PresentationConvent, "Iona": "DannyBoy,""TheLastRoseof Summer."

Leeden'illeConvent:VerseSpeaking Choir,"TheLittleIrishMother." St.Jciachim'sConvent:Elocutionary items(MissMarjorieMcPahil).

QUARANTORE

1911.

MARCH.

Sunday 'itWagin:OneDayofExposition.

2naCoolgardie:OneDayofExposition.

3rdKondinin:OneDayofExposition.

4thSubiaco:FortyHours'Prayer (21st-23rd).

5thKalamunda:OneDayofExposition.

APRIL.

Sunday 1stNorseman:OneDayofExposition,

WHYisitthatmanypeoplefind ithardtogotoConfession? TheSacramentofPenance wasinstitutedasameansbywhich oursinsareforgivenandisitnot strangethatmanyfindithardtorid themselvesofthisburdenofpersonal guilt?No;itisnot.Totellone's sinstoaPriestistoperformanact ofhumiliation:itisa.matterofshame togoandtellofallthemeannessand faithlessnessonehasbeenguiltyof,to afellowhumanbeing.

Butthereissomethingwrongabout thisattitudetowardsConfession.The SacramentofPenancewasnotinstitutedasatorturebutasameansofforgivenessandrelief.Weareunhappy whenwesin.Andwhy?Becausesin drawsus'awayfromGod.Wearenot reallyhappyexceptwhendoingGod's Will.SoGod,ingivingusConfession, gaveusagreatgiftandonewhich bringsjoyintoourlives.Youhave buttoseeagreatsinnerbeforeand afterConfession.Before,heisan outcast;afterConfession,heishappy. Hisburdenhasbeenlifted.Thegreat GoodnessandMercyofGodhastaken thisburdenfromhisshoulders.

Now,inordertocorrectourattitude towardsthisSacrament,wemustgo throughitsmainpoints.First,we mustmakeanExaminationofConscience.Beforewebegin,wecannot dobetterthanaskGod'sHelp.God knowshowimportantthisexaminationisandifweaskHisHelpHe,certainly,willgiveit.Then,inorderto getarightperspectivewithregardto siningeneral,itwouldhelpustoconsiderallthegiftswehavereceived fromGod.Giftswhich,perhaps,we donotthankGodforveryoften-such asourCreationandRedemption,our Faith,ourgoodparentsandfriends, oursuccessinlife,HolyCommunionwhatagiftthatis!-andsoonthrough thelongcatalogueofpersonalgifts aawhicheachoneofusshouldthank Godfor.

HavingthoughtoverourindebtednesstoGod,letus,now,turntowards oursins.Wecannotthinkofthemas light,whenweseeinthemsuchingratitude!GodhasheapedHisBlessingsonusandwehaveturnedaway fromHimagainandagain.

Havinginsomesimilarwaythought ofGod'sGoodnesstowardsus,letus thinkofourwickednesstowardsHim. ForthosewhogotoConfessionoften, itwillbeaneasymattertoseeinwhat waytheyhaveoffendedGod,and,so, theyneednotspendmuchtimeatit. Threeorfourminutesoughttosuffice forthosewhogoonceaweek.

Forthosewhogoonceamonthor eveneverytwomonths,thisbusiness ofExaminationofConscienceought nottol:emuchmoredifficult.If thereisanyparticularVirtueagainst

PENANCE

whichmanysinsarecommitted,then itwillalmostimmediatelycometo mind.Nothingseriouswilleasilyescapeonewhohasformedaregular habitofgoingtoConfession.And, whiledealingwiththissubject,letus considerthegreatadvantagesofformingthishabit.Theyare,greaterpurityofConscience,astrengtheningof ourSoulsagainsttemptationandthe greatGracesoftheSacramentitself. WeshouldnotlookuponConfession merelyasapreparationforHolyCommunion-though,indeed,itisthebest thatwecanhave,butweshouldgoto Confessionalsoforitsownsake,even whenwecannotgotoHolyCommunionafterit.

Thosewhohavebeenalongertime fromConfessionwillfindthisExaminationalittlemoredifficult.They shouldgothroughtheCommandments andPreceptsoftheChurch,andtheir manneroflifewillpresentpossibleoccasionsofsinwhichshouldbeexamined.

Thenextpointistohavesorrowfor oursins.Ifwehaveconsideredthe greatGoodnessofGodandthemalice ofoursinsagainstHim,thiswillbe easy.Wewillnotmerelysaywith ourlipsthatwearesorrybutwewill haveitinourhearts.Weshalltiot besorry,either,merelybecauseofthe naturalevilswhichoursinshave broughtwiththem.Suchsorrow wouldbethatofamanconvictedof theftinaCourtofJustice,whois sorrynotforcommittingthecrimebut becauseofthepunishmentresulting frombeingcaught.Wemusthave morethanthat.Ifwebringbefore ourmindsapictureofHellandPurgatoryasplacesinoneorotherof whichweshallbecertainlypunished byGodifwedonotrepent,suchasorrowissufficientforConfession.But itiseasyforustoraiseoursorrow anddetestationofsintoahigher plane.Whoistherecanlookonthe imageofChristcrucifiedforoursins, thatcannotbutloveGodandfeelsorrowforsin,rememberingthewordsof Isaias:"ButHewaswoundedforour iniquities,andbruisedforoursins,the chastisementofourpeacewasupon HimandbyHisbruiseswearehealed."(Is.LIII.,5.)

Again,wemustmakesurethatour sorrowextendstoallourmortalsins andnotonlytothosewhichwerememberhereandnow:also,thatit issuchthatwearemoresorryathavingoffendedGodthaniuranyother evil.

HolyFather'sAnniversary

Thenextthingistohaveafirmresolutionofnevercommittingsinagain. ThisisgenerallyincludedintheAct ofContrition,butit1-agoodthing toattendtoitseparatelyand,so,make sureofit-for,withoutit,Confession isofnoavail.Wemustsaytoourselvesthatwedonotwanttocommit sinagain.Wehavefinishedwiththe pastnow.Wehaveseenthemalice ofsinandweareconvincedofthis,no matterhowattractiveitmayappearto us.Wemayfailincarryingoutthis resolution;'wehavemadesuchresolutionsinthepastandfailed.Butthat isnotthepoint.Wearenowdeterminedthatwhateverhappenswewill notsinagainand,evenifwefeelterriblyweakwithregardtosomespecial sin,wecanalwaysrelyonGod'sGrace ifwearepreparedtodoourbest.We donottrusttoourownstrengthbut "IfGodiswithmewhoshallbe againstme?"andGodiswithusifwe aresincere.

Thisresolutionofavoidingsinfor thefutureextendsalsotodangerous occasions,forGodhasnowherepromisedtosaveusfromtheviolenceof thosetemptationswhichwe,voluntarilyandwithoutnecessity,placeourselvesinthewayor.

Finally,wegotoConfession.I:after suchpreparation,wehavenothing moretodobuttotellatleastallour mortalsins,humblyandsincerely.Is

'URGENT.

Apramisrequiredurgently .7. bytheSocietyofSt.Vincentde Paul,c/oWestAustralian -4 Chambers,or"Record"Office. T

thisgoingtobeverydifficulttodo?

Itis,ifweputbeforeourselvesthe tellingofoursinstoaman;butifwe rememberthat,beyondhimandovershadowinghim,thereistheloving, eagerPresenceofChristoftheMercifulHeart-ifweremindourselvesthat, bymerelytellingoursinswithdue sorrowandpurposeofamendment, theyarenowandforeverblottedout bytheInfiniteMercyofGod-then, whoistherewhowillconsiderConfessionhard?Ifweremindourselves, ontheotherhand,thatifwedonot getridofoursinsbutdiewiththem onourSouls,theywillbepunishedby theoffendedMajestyofGod,ConfessionwillseemeasiertousthantheTribunalwearetostandbeforeinthe nextlife. Whatadifferencethereisbetween thetwoTribunals!Here,weareour ownaccusers,Wehavenowitnesses broughtagainstus.Theministerof Christlistenspatientlyandwithsympathytoourstoryandappliestoour SoultheMeritsofthePassionofChrist andwearefreedfromourburden.But ofthatotherTribunalbeforewhichwe shallbebroughtwhenwedie,what canwesay?Wecanbutthinkof thosewordsofSt.Paul:"HowdreadfulitistofallintotheHandsofthe livingGod."Reasonasmuchasyou pleaseupontheGoodnessofGodif youhavenotalwayslivedinastate ofinnocence,therecanbenoroadto HeavenbutthatofPenance.We musttakeourchoicebetweenthese twoTribunals.Arewepreparedto facetheTribunalinthenextlifeand listentotheWordsofGod:"Depart fromMe,yecursed?"Ratherletus gototheMercifulChristinConfession and,there,afterpouringoutourlitany ofsin,hearfromthelipsofthepriest thosewordsofMercy:"GoinPeace.' -(ByRev.F.Cronin,S,J.,inthe "IrishNursingNews.")

CHRISTIANBROTHERS'SWIMMINGCARNIVAL.

TheChristianBrothers'Annual inter-SchoolSwimmingCarnivalwill takeplaceatCrawleyBathsonFridaynight,March7,comencingat7.30 p.m.Inadditiontotheinter-school eventstherewillbeadivingdisplay bymembersoftheWestAustralian AmateurSwimmingAssociation.

SCHOOLBOYS'BOXINGIMAMPIONSHIPS.

NationalFitnessCouncilPromotes

FirstState-WideCompetition. Entriesforthesechampionshipsclose onMarch17withregionalorganisers. Eachofthesixregionswillconduct itsowncompetition,commencingon March24,todetermineits11regional champions.Theseboyswillbebrought toPerthfreeofchargeandbilletedas guestsoftheNationalFitnessCouncil, ThefinalstodetermineStatechampionscommenceonApril21atthe HollywoodStadium.Dr.J.P.Kenny willbeofficialreferee.

WAGINMASSTIMETABLE.

-March2:Wagin,8a.m.;Wedgecarrup,10a.m. March9:Wagin,8a.m.;Dumbleyung,10a.m. March16:LakeGrace,9a.m.;Kukerin,11a.m. March23:Dumbleyung,9a.m.; Wagin,11a.m. March30:Wagin,8a.m.;Dumbleyung,10a.m.

CHARITIESDRAW.

FirstPrise£150.

Therewillnotbeaweeklydrawing attheLotteriesComission'sofficethis Saturday.Thenextdrawwillbeon Friday,March7,ontheAustralianCup. Therewillbe£350prizemoney,includingafirstprizeof£150.Allticketsin theAustralianCupdrawingwilllater haveachancetowin£6,000inthe No.93CharitiesConsultation.

NOTICE.

MISSALUNSTER,A.T.N.A., hastakenoverMrs.Guilfoyle'sNurses' Burean,whichinfuturewillbeassociatedwiththeTrainedNurses'W.A. Club,185St.George'sTerrace.B1632.

BOARDANDRESIDENCE.

Youngman,wishingtostudywants boardandresidence,includingsoft washingandmending.ApplyB.M.C., thisoffice.

Gent.requiresabove;softwashing; garage;closecity;permanent."MG.," thisoffice

DEATHS.

CASEY.-,OnFebruary9,1941,at LucknowHospital,Claremont,Lieut. WilliamPatrick,dearlybelovedeldestsonofMr.andMrs.W.T.Casey, ofBelmont,andlovingbrotherof Rose(Mrs.R.Townsend),Cecilia (Mrs.FrankAyres),Myrtle(Mrs.H. Denslow),Eileen(Mrs.JackWoods), Frank,Aidan,andBob,fondbrother-in-lawofFrank,Harry,Jack, Denie'andNora;diedahappyand holydeath,andburiedbyhisgratefulcountrywithfullmilitaryhonoursinthepresenceofhisdevoted relativesandfriends;aged43. Requiescatinpace.

OLIVER-OnFebruary14,1941,at St.JohnofGodHospital,Subiaco, AlfredErnest,dearlylovedhusband ofCatherineMayOliver,of19Leakestreet,NorthPerth. Sadlymissed.

RYAN.-OnFebruary19,John(Pat), lovednephewofMr.andMrs.Ryan andMr.andMrs.Fraser,lovedcousinofRogerandPatrickRyan, Kathleen,MollyandJohnFraser; aged19years.R.I.P.

INMEMORIAM.

BOGUE-Ofyourcharity,prayfor thereposeofthesoulofFrederick Aloysius,whodepartedthislifeon February25,1939. SacredHeartofJesus,havemercy onhissoul. -Insertedbyhissorrowingwifearid children.

CARATTI.-Inlovingremembranceof mydarlinglittleRaymond,whodied 28th.February,1940;aged81years. Hismother,

KEEXAIN.-Inlovingmemoryofour dearsonandbrother,Albert,who wasaccidentallykilledatCollie2nd. March,1940. MostSacredHeartofJesushave mercyonhissoul.

-Insertedbyhissorrowingparents, brothersandsisters.

PIANTO-Insadbutlovingmemory ofourdearwifeandmother,Isabel, whopassed'awayon27th.February, 1935. SacredHeartofJesushavemercy onhersoul. -Insertedbythelovinghusband, Toe,sonsanddaughters,Lou,Joe, Ossie,Harry,JackIsabel,KathRose andMolliePianto,ofMenzies.

GETTICKETSNOW.

XIMM.0.=01-4MOIM11.1

PATRONISEOURADVERTISERS.

0.11M1.0.M.00,11.-0.1!(

MassTimeTable.

St.Mary's:7a.m.,8.30a.m.,10a.m.

ConventofMercy:8am.

ChristianBrothers'College:9am.

AssociationforthePropagationofthe Faith.

TherewasalargecongregationinSt. Mary'senSundayevening,whenRev. J.J.RaffertygaveaneloquentdiscourseonthedutyofCatholicstolab. ourandtoprayfortheMissionsand forthepropagationoftheFaithin misionarycountries.Thediscourse deliveredbyFatherRaffertyshould inspirenewzealandpromoteandextendthedevotionamongstourparishioner. SacredHeartSodality.

OnnextSurdavallmembersareexpectedtoassistat7o'clockMassand bepresentateveningdevotions. AnnualGeneralCommunion. TheannualGeneralCommunionof allCatholicmenoftheGoldfieldswill beheldonSunday,March16. The annualCommunionbreakfastwillbe held;nSt.Mary'sHallafter7o'cicick Massonthatlate.Tickets,2/6,are nowobtainable. St.Patrick'sDayCelebrations.

jointmeetingoftheparishioners ofKalgoorlieandBoulderwasheldat BoulderonlgstSundaytoarrangefor St.Patrick'sDaycelebrations.The nextmeetingwillbeheldinSt.Mary's School,Kalgoorlie,after10o'clock MassonSunday.March2.

H.A.C.B.S.

GrandAnnualHibernianPicnic. Idealweatheragainfavouredthe IiiberniansonlastSunday,whenthey heldtheirannualpicnic.Theattendancewasover650,andthe"Valdana," "Valfreda,"and"Valkyrie"werecharteredtoconveythepicnickersto Keane'sPoint.Itwasnotlongafter thearrivalofthelaunchesbeforethe numerouspartieswereenjoyinglunch undertheshadytrees.Icecream,

SUBIACO

St.Kevin'sTennisClub.

Theclubbookpartinthesecondof thesocialfixtureswiththeHighgate ClubonSundaylast,matchesbeing contestedinboth'A"and"B"grades. Excitementranhighinthe"A"grade contest,whesnafteraninterestingtussleSt.Kevin'semergedvictoriousby thenarrowmarginofonly2games,the scoresbeing12sets112gamesto12 sets110games.Withbothclubswith avictorytotheircredit,interestisnow focussedontheall-importantthirdand finalmatchforthevictorypennant. ThiswilltakeplaceatSt.Kevin'son Sundaynext,March2,at2p.m.,and othercloseengagementisexpected.

Inthe"B"gradesection,Highgate haveprovedtoostrong,andinthe secondencountersecuredaneasyvictory.Thereforewithtwovictories, Highgatehavewonthepennantinthe "B"division.

Membersoftheclubareremindedof theannualgeneralmeetinginSt.Joseph'sHallonTuesday,March11,and ofthechampionshiptournamentwhich commencesonSaturday,March15.

sweetsandgingerbeerweredistributed tothechildren.andweremuchappreciated.At730p.m.atiredbuthappy partyreturnedtoPerth.

Intheafternoonaprogrammeof sportingandnoveltyeventswasprovidedforthechildrenandadults.Every eventwaskeenlycontested.Thefollowingaretheresultsofthechief events:

Inter-BranchRelayRace,400yards: helpofChristiansBranch,EastVictoria,Park,1and2.

H.A.C.B.S.Handicap,100yards:Bro. P.Grogan,1;Bro.J.Binstead,2. OneMileRace,Handicap:Bro.D. Kehoe,1;Bro.S.Martin,2. MarriedLadies'Race:Mrs.Clarke, 1;Mrs.Neille,2. MarriedMen'sRace:Mr.A.Con. naughton,1;P.Fogarty,2.

SingleLadies'Race:MissD.Wooltorton,1;MissD.Knox,2. BalloonRace:MissC.Clohessy,and K.Kehoe,1;MissD.Wooltortonand S.Martin,2. SiameseRace:Mrs.K.McKenney andP.McKenny,1;Mrs.NeilleandB. Franklin,2.

Thecommitteesincerelythanksthe membersandtheirfriendswhoby theirattendancemadethepicnicso successful,andtheCommitteeishappy intheknowledgethat'allpresentspent anenjoyableday.Specialthanksare extendedtothosememberswhoacted asofficialsandthushelpedthecommitteetocarryoutthevariousraces successfully.Thecupswonforthe relayandhandicapswillbepresented tothewinnersoftheseeventsatasocialwhichwillbeheldlater.

St.Mary'sBranch,Leederville. Afterthemeetingheldon5th.inst., acomplimentarysocialwastendered toMrs.L.Harris,whowastheleader oftheHibernianStallintherecent bazaarconductedinaidoftheConvent funds,andtoSistersJoyceKennedy andDoreenForkin,andBro.EricBrigatti,tomarktheoccasionsoftheirre'spectivemarriages.Therewasa splendidattendanceofmembersand friendsandapresentationwasmade toeachoftheguestsofhonour.Bro. EricBrigattiiswiththeR.A.A.F.at NerenderainN.S.\\'.,buthisfiancee, MissIrisBeard,waspresentandreceivedthegiftofthemembersonhis behalf.Thefunctionwasacombined one,conductedbythebranchandSt. Mary'sTennisClub,ofwhichSister KennedyandBro.Brigattiarevery valuedmembers.

ThemeetingonWednesdaynext willcommenceat7.30,andiftheweatherissuitableabeachpartywillbe held.Ontheotherhand,ifitisa coolnight,themeberswillbeentertainedattabletennis,parlourbowls, anddarts.Membersarespeciallyaskedtoattend'andmakethenighta success. St.Joachim'sBranch.

Thevice-president,Bro.H.Torrens, presidedatthemeetingheldonFebruary17.Onenewmemberwasinitiated.Bro.K.\Vinton'sclearance toSt.Patrick'sBranchwasgranted withdeepestregret.Weextendour heartycongratulationstothemembers oftheM.S.C.ontheoutstandingsuccessoftheannualpicnic.Wealso congratulateHelpofChristiansBranch ontheirsuccess.Thenextmeeting isonMarch3.

BOULDER

AllHallows'TennisClub.

NextSundayafternoon,March2,a generalmeetingwillbeheldatthe clubat3p.m.,toopentheseasonand fortheelectionofofficersfortheyear. Abigroll-upisdesired,andaspecial driveisbeingmadefornewmembers. Intendingmembersarerequestedto attendthisopeningmeeting.

Ourclubisopenforjuniormembers,boysandgirls,andtheyshould availthemselvesofthisopportunity ofbeinginourCatholicclub.The committewillinstructandhelpjuniors specially,astheywishtomaketheclub oneofthestrongestinmembershipon thefields.

AworkingbeeiscalledonSunday morningat9.30o'clockinpreparation fortheafternoon'splay.

Goldfield'spennantcompetitionswill commenceonSunday,March30,and playersareaskedtopractise.

Ourtreasurer,MissDorothyEllery, c/oSheahan's,Burt-street,willbe pleased,towelcomeanyinquiriesre joiningfeesfornewmembers.

ClubJottings.

WewelcomeLeonieMarendoliback totheclub,afteranabsenceoftwelve monthsatKellerberrin.MissMarendoli,althoughnowonly15yearsof age,wasoneofouroutstandinglady playersin"A"Gradein1939.

TonySalahasreturnedfromathreeweeks'holidayatBunbury.Tony playedatSt.Patrick'sCourtswhile onholidays,andspeakshighlyofthe manyfriendshemetattheclub.We understandhepartneredBillMahonin thedoublesandwoneasily.

PopularmemberCharlieDonnellyis duehomeshortlyfromalongholiday. Charlieisoneofourkeenestplayers.

CongratulationstoMr.andMrs. TomTooneonthearrivalofababy daughteronthe10th.inst.

SubiacoYoung Men'sClub

ATHLETICSECTION.

By"Knowledge.Withatrioofvictoriesandthesame nuinlmofplaces,representativesof theSC.Y.M.C.didwellatLeederville OvallastSaturdaywhentheinitial dayoftheAmateurAthleticState championshipwasconductedbythe W.A.A.A.A.

Wearersoftheblackandgoldwere tothefore,particularlyaspolevaulters.

Ourpresident,BrianRyan,capped excellentconsistencythroughoutthe seasonbywinningtheseniorevent, clearing10ft.Ilin.Anew-comerin thissphere,itisafinefeatforthewellknownEastPerthandStatefootballer.

HilaryRyanobtainedthirdplace, andhetoodeservescongratulationsfor hisfirstseasonatpolevaulting.

AddinglustretothesportingprowessoftheRyanfamily,Lauriedelightedbyannexingthejuniorpolevault, clearing10ft.Iin.-aStaterecord.Anotherpromisingjunior,D.Flynn,was third.

GeoffWorner,hon.secretaryofthe SJC.Y.MIC.,maintainedh4-fr-tinbeaten recordfortheseasonbyrunningthe 440yardsinthefasttimeof50.3sec. Ourstarall-rounderhasbeenresponsibleforsomedazzlingexhibitions,and wewouldhavelikedtohaveseenhim inthe100yards.

PatPrendivilleranthelatterdistance'nthejuniorsection,andgained thirdplace,acreditableperformance.

Againststrongopposition,LeoHickeywasnotdisgracedinbeingplaced nexttotheleadingthreeinthesenior mile,woningrandfashionbyG.Morley(C.-Mt.L.)whocreatedarecord bycoveringthedistancein4min.22 sec. Ourrepresentativeshasproved adecidedacquisitiontotheblackand golds,beinganall-rounder.

Eighteenofourmembersparaded, andwewerepleasedtoseethegood attendanceofsupportersandtrustthat nextSaturdaytheywillagainbeprewillbeconcluded.

ClubJottings.

ThebustriptoCityBeachlastMondaywasverysuccessful.Swimming, followedbydancingandasing-song, completedanenjoyableevening.

TheathleticclubwillholditschampionshipsatLeedervilleOvalonMarch 8and15,respectively.Allmembers arerequestedtocompeteinthevariousevents,forwhichtrophieswillbe awarded.

Monday,March3,isthenextmeetingnight.

PEACE

BEGINNINGWITHTHE INDIVIDUAL.

IFweturntothequestion,What kindofapeacedoweprayfor? wefindouranswerexpressedwith unparalleledclearnessbyourpresent HolyFather.Inhis1939Christmas messageoninternationalpeace,Pope PiusXIImadeplainthattheworld cannotbecontentwithanypeacethat isnotapeaceofentirejustice."The fundamentalconditionofajustand honourablepeaceis,"hesays,"toassuretherighttolifeandindependenceofallnations,largeandsmall, strongandweak.Onenation'swillto livemustneverbetantamounttoa deathsentenceforanother.When thisequalityofrightsisdestroyed, injuredorimperilled,juridicalorder requiresreparationwhosemeasure andextentarenotdeterminedbythe wordofselfish,arbitraryjudgment, butbythestandardsofjusticeandreciprocalequality."ThePopedoesnot callforaworldinwhichtheloveof countryisextinguished.Buthedoes callforthefulfilmentoftheneedsand justdemandsofallpeoples,andhe seesclearlythatthesejustdemands cannotbefulfilledunlesseachnation isreadytoaccordsomethingofits sovereigntyandjealouslyguarded rightstoothermembersoftheinternationalcommunity. Statesmenandpeople,therefore, mustobservetheprinciplesofjustice andcharity.Buttheseprinciplesof justiceandcharitycannotbeconfined totext-booksalone.Norcantheybe entrustedtooccasionalconferencesof ,pnbassadorscalledtogethertosettle somedisrutedpoint.Theymustbe embodiedinlivinginstitutions,formedby+heagreementofallpeople,, withthepowertoenforcetheirdecisionsbysomethingmorethanthe mereruleofthemoment'sexpediency.

Religion'sfirstandsupremecustodianuponearth,hewhoguardswith unceasingvigilancetheage-oldDepositofChrist'steaching,thesuccessorofSt.Peter,isthekeeperofjusticeforalltheworld;justicefornationsintheirdealingswithoneanother;justiceforeachindividualin hisdealingswithhisownnation,that hisrightsmaybepreservedinviolate andthelibertybeasuredtoworkout hisindividualdestinyandsavehis soulinpeace.Justice,too,forthe variousclassesandgroupsofmankind: men'sseveralraces;thevariousoccupationsandclassesandeconomic groups;justiceforall,withcomplete equalityaschildrenofacommon Father.

But,astheHolyFatheriskeeper ofjusticeforthewholeworld,sois eachoneofusakeeperofjusticewithinourownlimitedsphere.Justice cannotbekeptbyitsmerepronouncement.Itcanbekeptonlybythe practiceofcharitywhich,inturn,derivesfromthosetruthsconcerning mankindanditsCreatorthathave beenrevealedtousbyJesusChrist. Thetruthsconcerningjusticeand charityuponwhichtheonlyhopeofa justandlastinginternationalorder canbebuiltarethesamewhichgovernthe'relationsofeverymemberof everyfamilyineveryparish;therelationsofallthesefamilieswithone another;ofeverywage-earnerwithhis employer;ofeverylandlordwithhis tenant.ofeverymerchantwithhiscustomer;ofeveryworkerwithhisfellow :11thesameshop.

TheCatholicChurchknowsnodollHestandardordifferentsetofrules forprincesandforpaupers,orfor thosewhoarebetweentheprincesand thepaupers.Thereisbutonesetof justiceforallmen,andthereisbut onelawofcharitywhichbindsallmen. Thecharitythatwillimpelustojust andcharitableinternationaltreatiesis nodifferentfromthecharitythatwill makeuswelcomethebeggaratour doororhealthesinnerintheconfessional.AswehaveoneLord,one Faith,oneBaptism,sowehaveone ruleoflife,andreligionisforallmen, forallthatmendoandexperience, andinallwaysinwhichmendepend upononeanother.

Thepracticalconclusiontobederivedfromallthisisthatthequestion ofpeaceistobesolvedbyusfirstand foremosthereathome.Wecannot sitbackinserenecomplacencyandlet theHolyFathersettlethismatterfor Europe,orforthewholeworld.The Popecannotbeexpectedtoactmerelyasanindividual:heactsinunion withtheChurch.!Althoughheenjoys hisDivinely-givenprerogatives,outside oftheirexercisehelookstotheunderstandingandco-operationofallhis

ANOTHERAUSTRALIANYOUTHJOINSTHEBENEDICTINE ORDERATNEWNORCIA

faithfulfortheefficaciousfulfilmentof hisprogramme.Itisnotenoughfor ustoapplaudhisactionsandquote hisutterances.Thefirstandthe greatestaidwhichwecangivetohim and,therefore,tothecauseofjustice intheworld,istoputintopracticeat home,eachinourownneighbourhood, thelessonstoheappliedtotheentire world.

CATHOLICTENNIS ASSOCIATION

AnnualGeneralMeeting.

ThefourteenthannualgeneralmeetingoftheWJAi.C.L.T.A.tookplacein theAssociationroomatBactonHouse onFridayeveninglast.Thepresident (Mr.A.E.Heagney)presidedovera smallattendanceofmembers.

Thehon.secretary(Mr.J.T.Edwards),inaveryexcellentreport,outlinedtheactivitiesoftheAssociation overthepasttwelvemonths.He statedthatthenumberofaffiliated clubsstilltotalled15(11metropolitan and4country);butthatthemember. shiphadfallenfrom635to549.This hadnodoubtbeenduetothenumber ofmemberswhohaveresignedtojoin theforces.

Theelectionofoffice-bearersresultedasfollows:Patron,HisGracethe Archbishop;president,Mr.A,E.Heagney:vice-presidents,Messrs.D.A. McGillivrayandJackEdwards;hon. secretary,Mr.J.W.Wall;hon.treasurer,Mr.P.Reilly;hon.auditors, Messrs.F.JacksonandE.Flanagan.

Duringtheeveningreferencewas madebytheChaplain,Rev.Father Hussey,tothenecessityofobtaining newmembers,particularlyjuniors,to replacethosewhowouldberequired todomilitaryduty.HealsoexhortedmemberstoinducetheirCatholic friendstojoinandtohelpintheadvancementofCatholictennisinW.A. ThePresident,whowasnowcommencinghisfifthyearinthatposition, alsourgedthosepresenttosupportthe Associationinthesetroublesometimes, andtopatronisethevariousfunctions thatwouldbeheldduringthecoming year.

TennisDayasZoo.

Sunday,March30,isthedateforthe Association'smerry-chaintournament attheZoologicalGardens,South Perth.Tobeconductedinaidofthe CatholicWelfareOrganisation,this functionshouldbewellpatronisedby allmetropolitanmembers.Bycompetinginthistournamentyouwillhe helpingtheC.W.O.

Tit-BitsofInterest.

SeenbackinPerthisFredToucher, formerlyofSt.Brigid'sClub.Fred isoverhereonabusinesstransfer,and willnodoubtrenewoldfriendshipsat WestPerthduringhisstay.

MissBettyMcDonoughhasbeenappointedthenewsecretaryofTheresians forthisyear,whilstNeilHanleywill actascaptain. ThethirdandfinalmatchinthesocialcompetitionbetweenSt.Kevin's andHighgatewillbeplayedatSt. Kevin'sonSunday.Withbothteams onevictoryapiece,interestisfocussed onthisvitalcontest.

HIGHGATECLUB.

Theannualgeneralmeetingofthe HighgateClubtookplaceintheParish Hallonthe18th.inst.,beingwellattended.Thefollowingoffice-bearers wereelectedfortheensuingyear:President,Mr.L.Conroy;hon.secretary, Mr.P.Ryan;hon.'assistantsecretary, Mr.P.McGinnity;hon.treasurer,Mr. P.Reilly;men'scaptain,Mr.J.Carroll;women'scaptain,MissC.Slattery.

Membersoftheclubarereminded thatthechampionshiptournament willcommenceshortly,anditisexpectedthateveryonewillenterinthe variousevents.

Theclub'sNo.1teamwillvisitSt. Kevin'sonSunday,March2,tocontestthefinalmatchinthesocialcompetition.

ST.BRIGID'SCLUB.

Membersoftheaboveclubconduct. edanoveltytournamentonSunday, February23,sameprovingmostenjoyable.Thesuccessful,competitorsin thetournamentwereMissDotBuswell andMr.GeorgeSomers.Theclub's annualchampionshiptournamentwill commenceonSaturday,March29,and willhecontinuedonthefollowing week-end.Allmembersareexpected toenter,

IntheeveningofFriday,February 21,theprivatechapeloftheBenedictineMonksatNewNorciawasonce morethesceneofanimpressiveceremony.Thisconsistedintheclothing ofMr.GeorgeKlarieasaBenedictine choir-novice.HisLordship,Abbot Catalan,O.S.B.,officiated.

Afteranappropriateaddresstothe postulant,onthevirtuesinwhichhe, asaBenedictinenovice,wouldbeexpectedtoexcel,hisLordshipproceededtoclothehiminthehabitofthe holyPatriarchofthemonksofthe West.

Inaccordancewiththemonastic Ritual,HisLordshipwashedthepos- tulant'sfeet,whilethemonkschanted theBenedictus.Thiswasfollowedby anumberofprayersonbehalfofthe postulant,andthencametheactual clothing.Whilethemonkschanteda psalm,thepostulant,whowasinhis layclothes,wasdivestedofhiscoatto thewords:"MaytheLorddivestthee oftheoldmanwithhisdeeds,"and thenclothedintheblacktunic,and girtwithablackleatherbelt,tothe words,"MaytheLordclothetheewith thenewmanwhohasbeencreatedaccordingtoGodinjustnessandholiness oftruth."

Theimpositionofanewnamecloses thispartoftheceremony.Mr.George KlariewasgiventhenameofSuitbert.

Thefollowingmorning,duringConventualMass,whichHisLordshipthe Abbotcelebrated,theceremonywas completedbytheimpositionofthe novice'sscapularandhood.

Afterthenovice'sHolyCommunion, theLordAbbotintonedthe"Veni Creator,"whichthemonkschantedto theend.InthemeantimetheimpositionofthescapularandhoodwasperformedbytheLordAbbottothesame wordsasabove:"MaytheLordclothe theewiththenewmanwhohasbeen createdaccordingtoGodinjustness andholinessoftruth."Thencame theoffering,byHisLordshipandCommunity,ofshortsupplicationsand prayerstobegofGoddiversegracesfor thenewnovice:Lighttoseewhata greatfavourfromHeavenavocation forthemonasticlifeis;strengthtodo whateverthisLightwillshowhemust do pursuanceofhisvocation: andfinalperseveranceintheworkof hissanctificationunderthebannerof ourholyfatherSt.Benedict.AblessingfromtheLordAbbotclosedtoe ceremony.

DomSuitbertKlariecomesfrom \VestPerth.W.A.

M1158-Telephones-L1460 MEAD,SONICO. FUNERALDIRECTORS. 190ALBANYROAD,VIC.PARK 33CANNINGHIGHWAY. EASTFREMANTLE.

41 0

HOLIDAYRESORTS

MASSTIMETABLE.

Albany:7.30a.m.;9.30a.m.eachSunday

(Inquiries:VeryRev.T.Gilroy,The Presbytery,Albany.Tel.:Albany 129.)

Busselton:8a.m.

(Inquiries:Rev,C.Cunningham, ThePresbytery,Busselton. Busselton107.)

Bunbury:7a.m.;9.30a.m.

(Inquiries:Rt.Rev.Monsignor Hayes,St.Patrick'sPresbytery,Bunbury.Tel.:Bunbury141.)

Cottesloe:7a.m.;10a.m.

(Inquiries:VeryRev.J.Fahey,The Presbytery,McNeill-street,Cottesloe. Tel.:F2411.)

Denmark:FirstandThirdSundaysof month,at7.30a.m.

(Inquiries:Rev.M.HoJohan,The Presbytery,Denmark.Tel.:Denmark16.)

Mandurah:

(Inquiries:Rev.\V.Clery,ThePresbytery,Pinjarra.Tel.:Pinjarra27.)

NorthBeach:

(Inquiries:Rev.Fr.J.Brennan, ThePresbytery,OsbornePark.Tel.: B4067.)

Rockingham:

(Inquiries:TheOblateFathers,AdelaideStreet,Fremantle.Tel.:L2268.) Scarborough:8.15a.m.,toSunday, April20.

(Inquiries:Rev-Fr.J.Brennan, ThePresbytery,OsbornePark.Tel.: B4067.)

Gwelup:FirstandthirdSundaysof month,at10a.m.

TOODYAYMASSTIMETABLE.

March2:Toodyay,8a.m.;Jennacubbine,9.30a.m.

March9:Chidlow,8a.m.;Mundaring,9.30a.m.

March10(Monday):Mundaring \Veir,8a.m.

March16:Jennacubbine,7.30a.m.: Toodyay,9.30a.m.

March23:Baker'sHill,7.30am.; Toodyay,9.30a.m.

March30:Wongamine,8am.;Toodyay,9.30a.m.

HARVEYMASSTIMETABLE.

March2:Harvey,8a.m.;Waroona, 10a.m. March9:Harvey,8a.m.;Yarloop, 10a.m. March16:Waroona,8.30a.m.;Harvey,10a.m. March23:Yarloop,8a.m.;Harvey, 10a.m. March30:Harvey,8a.m.;Waroona, 10a.m.

IntheprefacetotheVaticanGradualwereadthattheChurchhasassignedtomusic"thefirstplaceamongst thosethingswhicharemostclosely connectedwiththeSacredLiturgy, andincreaseitssplendourandefficacy. Weknowbycommonexperiencethatit addssolemnitytoDivineworship,and inawonderfulwayturnsourthoughts toheavenlythings."Thisextract fromtheChurch'sofficialmusicbook islucidlyexplainedinthisarticle(reprintedfromthe"N.Z.Tablet"),which formedthetextofasermondelivered attheclosingMassoftherecentSummerSchoolofChurchMusicatWellington.

FROMthebeginningoftheChristianReligion,theartshave unitedtocelebratethepraises oftheMostHigh.Oratory,music, sculpture,andarchitecturehavededicatedtheirchoicestfruitstoHishonour.Theyhavemadethevoiceof Divinepraisegloriousandthesanctuaryanhonourablerestingplaceforthe SacramentalPresence.

Ofthesearts,oratoryandmusicwere thefirsttoallythemselvestoChristian worship.Thefirstutterance of Christianoratorywasthatoftheangel onthenightofnights,announcingthe gladtidingsofgreatjoy;andthefirst paeanofChristianmusicwasthat soundedbyheavenlyvoicesinthe "GloriainexcelsisDeo."Beforeever brushwasappliedtocanvas,orchisel tostoneintheserviceofChristianart, musicsoundedthecontinuousvoiceof praise.BeforethereexistedChristian templesmadewithhands,psalms, hymnsandcanticlesweresungbythe followersoftheLamb.Theartofthe newChurchpartookofthenewBaptismandassumedacharacterconsistentwithit.Itbecameanartapart fromthatoftheworld:signedwith thesignofFaith.

St.Bernard'sInfluence. TheChurch'ssongistheinterpreter inmelodyofherspiritualprayer,and asprayeritistheutteranceofthebelievingheartinthewordofFaith.So thattheChantowestotheFaithits creation,itspower,anditsrightinterpretation.Onlywhenimbuedwith Faithwillthehumanminddelightin it,andthehumanmindwilldiscard thechantinproportionasitwith. drawsitselffromthejustgovernment ofFaith.

Conceivedinthislight,andproperlyrendered,themusicoftheChurch isatremendouspowerforgood.Perhapsthemoststrikingexampleofits initseffectuponSt.Augustine.He

RacingSelections

IT"THEHAWK" WA.T.C. (Before'Acceptances.)

Saturday,March1,1941.

DardanupHandicap:Pearlion,1; JovialJoss,2;MissDorton,3.

DenmanHandicap:DearBrutus,1; SydneyJames,2;RoyalStandard,3.

GascoyneTrialHandicap:Lord Proctor,1;Aku,2;Oakboy,3.

ClaremontHandicap:Treleen,1; Philock,2;Skylark,3. MarchHandicap:CharmingWave, 1;Haymaker,2;Coronis,3. WelterHandicap:Culga-carrie,1; Tetbury,2;SkyWarden,3.

TrottingSelections

GLOUCESTERPARK.

Saturday,March1,1941.

Trotters'Handicap:Libwood,1; GreatWay,2;Stella'sBoy,3. LeightonHandicap:LordAdonis,1; MayHope,2;RedBay,3. SeaViewHandicap:RealLou,1; Gunplay,2;Rollo,3. W.A.TrottingDerby:Lin'sRelit, 1;WiseGeneral,2;Cushendall,3. MosmansHandicap:Palmerston,1; PleasantBoy,2;PrinceYammer,3. PerthHandicap:AdmiralPronto,1; Broadsome,2;RoyalIda*,3. NedlandsHandicap:MyChum,1; RedRunner,2;Sheen,3. SwanHandicap:BessieDonald,1; Rongomai,2;Lutana,3.

initseectuponSt.Augustine.He saysinhis"Confessions":"Thehymns andsongs,0myGod,andthesweet chantofThyChurch,penetratedmy being.Thevoicesstreameduponmy earsandcausedtruthtoflowintomy heartfromwhosefountthefeelings camewellingup.Iendedatlastina floodoftears."

Manygreatsaintssawthegradual declineoftheChantinfavourofthe luxuriousfantasiesandmusicalextravaganzasthatbegantodisgracethe

11111111111111181111111111111311111111111111111111111111111111111111111111116

41111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIII houseofGodandtheylabouredtorestoretheChantinallitspurity.The 12th.centurywasgracedbyoneofthe mostoutstandingandinfluentialgeniusesofalltimes,BernardofClairvaux. Princestrembledatthemightofhis oratory,Popessoughthisguidance, Angelsandmenrejoicedatthesanctityrevealedinhim.TheChurchis richerforhishavinglived.Inmanywaysitisricherandnottheleastfor hiszealinrevivingandpreservingthe traditionalChantoftheChurch. Amongthedistinguishingvirtuesof thefoundersofCiteauxBernardplaces this:thattheymadeittheobjectof theirscrupulouscareandreligioussolicitudethatnothingshouldbesung intheDivineOfficebutwhatwas mostauthentic. MisgivingsofSt.Augustine.

TheSaints'sownideasofliturgical textandmusicarerevealedinhisreply toarequesttocomposeaMassfor thefeastofSt.Victor."WhoamI thatmywordsshouldbereadinthe churches?WhattalenthaveIespeciallythatfrommeshouldbedemandedanOfficeworthyofbeingsung onafeastday?ShallIbegintopraise herebelowHimwhoisaccountedworthyandactuallyispraisedbytheAngelsinParadise?Onsolemnfestivals everythingnovelandlightshouldbe banishedfromthechurchesand nothingheardbutwhathasthehallmarksofauthenticity,antiquity,piety andtrueecclesiasticalgravity.The thoughtsexpressedshouldberesplend. entwiththelightoftruth:themusic oughttobegrave;equallyremote fromluxurioussoftnessandfromrusticvulgarity.Itshouldbesweetbut notfrivolous,andshouldsatisfythe earandsoftentheheart."

St.Bernard'ssentimentsareexactly thoseofSt.Augustine.Thedanger ofsensebeingsacrificedtosoundappearedsoserioustothegreatBishop thathesometimesthoughtthatit wouldbebetterifmusicwereabandonedfromtheChurchesaltogether. Heretractedthatjudgmentonreflect. ingwhatahelptodevotiontheChant canbewhenproperlyrendered.'My mindoscillates,"hesays,"betweenthe fearofsensualityandthehopeof spiritualprofit:andthoughIcannot cometoadefinitedecision,Iam ratherinclinedtoapprovethepractice ofsinginginourchurches,forthesensiblepleasureenteringinthrough ear,rousesinthesoul,sentimentsof piety.YetwheneverIhappentopay moreattentiontothesingingthanto whatissung,Iconfessmyselfatfault andIwouldratherwehadnosuch singing."

MuchtobeDone.

Intheremarksofthesetwogreat saintswehavesummedupforusthe mindoftheChurchastotheplaceof musicinherliturgy.Itmustserve thesamepurposeastheLiturgyitself, thatis,itmustdirectthemindto God.InthewordsofPopePiusX: "Thesacredmusichasthesameobject astheLiturgyitself,thegloryofGod; thesanctificationandedificationofthe faithful,andmusthavethereforethe qualitiesoftheLiturgy:holy,good art,universal.Thesequalitiesthe Popegoesontosayaretobefound inthehighestdegreeinGregorian Chant.Itisthesuprememodelof Churchmusic,somuchsothatthis generallawcanbeannounced:"A musicalworkintendedfortheChurch isthemoresacredandliturgicalthe morebyitsform,itsinspirationand itseffect,itapproachesGregorian Chant,andonthecontrary,thefarther itdepartsfromthispatterntheless worthyitisoftheChurch."

TheHolyFatherdidnotinanyway excludemoderncompositionssolong astheyconformtoliturgicalstandards;butthewholetenoroftheencyclicalisontheneedforreform.The SummerSchoolthatisbroughttoa closeto-dayisaresponsetohiscommand.Thereisanobligationespecially ontheteachersinourschools.They cangivechildrensuchanappreciation ofwhatisrightandproperinChurch musicthatinlaterlifethesewilllook uponanyabuseasbeinginbadtaste andwillturnfromitinridicule.There isacorrespondingobligationonthe partofthelaity.TheFatherofChristendomhasspoken;thatissufficient. ThoseinwhomtheFaithisstrongwill welcomethisactivity;fortheycome totheHouseofGodtopray;toenter intothespiritofaliturgythatwill helpthembettertopray,Thegeneral responsetothiscallhasbeengood; butthereisstillmuchtobedone; muchthatyoucanhelpinbyconformingtotheregulationssetdownby authority,bystudyingthechantand comingtoanappreciationofitand communicatingyourappreciationto others.

TheChantisworthyofyourstudy. Wehavesaidthatthemusicofthe ChristianChurchpartookofthenew Baptismandassumedacharacterconsistentwithit.Thisdoesnotmean asmanywouldappeartothink,that thechantissomethingcompletelydehumanised.Itsobjectistoraisethe humanmindtoGod;andthehuman mindisaffectedthroughthesenses. SotheChantmusthaveacertainappealtothesenses.Butthereisinit asinalltrueart,thatrestraintthat avoidstheflamboyantandactsasa suggestiontotheintellect.Thereis initthebeautyandappealoftrueart; andsuchdepthsasarewellnighinexhaustible. Lessonsofthe"Salve."

Ifyouhaveeverbeenpresentwhen achoirofmonkssingtheantiphonto OurLady,youwillrealisewhatIam tryingtoexpress.Thewholebodyof menariseandthe"SalveRegina"is intonedandimmediatelytheyarecarriedawaybyaChantthatisatonce flexibleandardent,sustainedbysuch suppliantworshipthatitseemstoconcentrateinitselftheimmediatehope ofhumanityanditseternallamentation,achantwithoutaccompaniment, unsustainedbyorgan,byvoicesindifferenttothemselves,blendinginone only,masculineanddeep,thatrises withquietboldnessAndthenspring upwithirresistibleflighttowardsOur Lady,onlytomakeasitwere,areturnuponthemselves,as'ifconfidence werelessened.Thentheyadvance moretremblingly,diffidently,humbly, tilltheyfeelthemselvesforgiven,and daresuddenlytodemandtheundeservedpleasuresofheaven.

Youmaythinkthatatrifleexaggerated;butthinkofthemelodyasI speak.Firstthereisthatlittlecryof exultation,thejoyouswelcomeofone whoisyetbutachild,stammeringand shy,yetmorehopefulofbeingableto persuadeitsmother:the"SalveRegina,matermisericordiaevitadulcedo etspesnostra,salve!"Thenabruptlythechildisgrown,isconsciousofits ownguilt,thesinscommitted,the gracesneglected,andtherearet, nowandthatcrythatshiverstothe tinglingstars:"Adtoclamamusexules filiiHevae."Withage,itistrepidationforthefuturethatwringsthe soul:thedestructionoftheprison houseofthefleshisathand,andthe soulthinksoftheeternaldeathawaitingthosewhomtheJudgecondemns, anditis:"Eiaergoadvocatanostra.'Turnthenmostgraciousadvocate thineeyesofmercytowardsus,and afterthisourexile,showuntousthe blessedfruitofthywomb."Then thetriplesealthatrecallsthesalutationofthebeginning:"0clemens,0 pia,0dulcisVirgoMaria,"whichrecapitulateswiththefinesseofconsummateartthewholebodyofthe hymn.HereisperfectsungprayerthebreathoftheSpirit. ATreasureRevealed.

Formanyhereto-day,thatappreciationisacommonplace;forsome fewithaspresentedonepieceof ChurchMusicinanewlight.Ithas unlockedthedoorofatreasurefor themtogazeonthebeautywithin andupliftthehearttoHimWhodesignedit.Youforwhomitisacommonplacehavethekeytomanysuch treasures.Yourdutyisplain. YouitisthatmustrestoretherelationshipbetweenChristianoratory andmusicthatexistedattheirinceptiononChristmasnight.Theshepherdswerenotsowraptinthepleasureoftheearthattheyheardnotthe messagethatwassung;butstraightwaysaid:"ComeletusgouptoBethlehem.""Andnow,theythatareredeemedbytheLordshallreturnand shallcomeintoSion,singingpraises: andjoyeverlastingshallbeontheir heads."(Isaias51,II.)

ReadingasaVice

(ContinuedfromPage7.)

toooccupiedwithknittingsweaters, visitingherfriends,andwritingletters toJohntopermitofintellectualtrivialties.Butduringdinner,while therestofus,faggedwithlonghours intheclassroomandlibrary,exchangedpleasantinanitiesorplungedinto heatedargument,Eileenwouldsitimpervioustotheeddiesofconversation, herFrenchgrammarproppedagainst thesugarbowl,mumblingmonotonouslytoherself.Duringexamination week,hermumblingswouldacquirea noteoffrenzy.

ButalthoughIshouldrecommend, withcertainreservations,train-anddinnerreading,streetreadingis,Iam houndtoadmit,oneofthelowerforms oftheviceunderconsideration.Not thatIamfreefromtheimputation; though,obviously,Ihavenotindulgedinthepracticeonthesidewalksor street-crossingsofNewYork.

Once,however,onGoodFriday,a quarterofacenturyago,Iwasbound forSantaCroce,inRome.Ihadbeen propelledfromthetramduringanexcitingpassagein"Tessofthed'Urberyilles,"whichwasnotpreciselyGood Fridayreading.Retributionfollowed swiftly.Forsomeinexplicablereason,Iwaswalkingalongthegutter, whileMotherkeptsedatelytothe pavement.SuddenlyIencountereda lamppost.AsIcrumpled,Mother graspedmeandranmeintothenearestshop.

"Aqua!"shedemanded,withsuddeninspiration. Iwasshepherdedintoabackroom andsousedwithwaterfromatap. Later,Iproceeded,dazedandbedraggled,tothecaremoniesatSanta Croce.Throughouttherestofmy Italianjourney,Iborealumponmy foreheadwhich,eventhedipofmy pompadourdidnotconceal.Istet., wonderwhylamppostsoccurredina gutter. Inmyreviewofthepast,thereis onemorestreet-memoryconnected withbooks-amemoryIshouldnot barterfortheKohinoor.

Inthe1930'sitwasmypleasantlot tospendtwoyearsinOxford.Daily ItravelledbetweenNorthOxfordand theBodleian.Alightingfromthebus onCornmarket,Iwouldturndown BroadStreet,pastBalliolandTrinity ontheleftandtheSheldonianTheatretotheright.Butdottedalong BroadStreetwerealsobookshops;and eachbookshopsetoutitsstalls,enticingly,onthesidewalk.Abovethe shelterswereaffixedcards,neatly printedwith'oneshilling,""sixpence," andsometimes"threepence."Tryas Imight,Icouldnotgetbythosebookstalls. "I'msurethere'snothingto-day,"I wouldsay,"butI'lltakejustonelook." Thelookwouldextendtoahalf-hour -andtherewereotherbookstallsfartheron.Withthewindpuffingthe billowyEnglishcloudsacrosstheblue, ortheEnglishraindropspatteringon mynose,Iwouldstand,filingcaseand notebooktuckedundermyarm,turningthepages,dippinghereandthere intopassages,neworfamiliar,orcalculatinghowmanymoreshillingsI mightlegitimatelyspend,afterlast week'sliterarydebauchofseventeen andsix.Intheend,Iwoulddepart withFouard's"TheChrist:theSon ofGod,"coversshabby,butIpagesuncut,andMarkAkenside's"neisuresof theImagination,"leatherboundand tooledingold.Reluctantly,Iwould replacethealmostnewcopyofthe "Utopia,"whileavoicebelowthelevel ofconscienceassuredmeIshouldbe backforitto-morrow.

Now,itwaseleven,andtherefore timeformorningcoffee.SoIwould retreattotheCadenaandspreadout mytreasureintheintersticesbetween creambunsandbutteredscones.

TheBodleianrarelysawmebefore eleven;butmyheartsangasoigasI worked.Thecoffeehadwarmedthe cocklesofmyheart,andthenewlypurchasedbooks,myspirit.Howmany happyhoursIwouldspendwiththem, whentheromanticglamourofOxford hadfadedtoadream

Butthehappiesthoursmyprecious volumeshaveaffordedmewerethose spentbuyingthem.Inawar-torn world,withOxfordshadowedmore darklythanwithscurryingsummer clouds,thosehappyhoursofbookstall browsingappeartobelongtoanother life:theonlylifeworthliving-the lifeofserenethought,ofspiritualsecurity,andfreedom.

ThankGodthat,inthesetroublous days,someofus,atleast,knowthe pathsofrefreshmentwhich-'when strengthiswon-leadfull-circletothe fronttrencheswherewemustmeet dailythechallengeofnewlifeinanew. andperilousworld.

ATinyStarGleams

A.

"America,"findsarayoflightinthe midstofwar,diseaseandsuffering.

Ifyouevernotice,onanight ofstorm,whentreesarecrashingover yourrooftop,andallthebansheesof hellarescreamingaroundyourhome, howsoothingitistoglanceatthe heavensandfindthereoneutterlyunexpected,tiny,gleamingstar?You forgettheuproarthatisgoingon,and yousmileatthebravestarandsayto yourself,"Why,thisstormcan't amounttomuch,orthatlittlestar wouldn'theallowedout."Andbeforeyouknowit,thestormhassubsided,andGodhasspreadforthall Hisjewelsontheblackvelvetskyfor yourinspectionandappraisal.

.Andwhenwariscrashingitsfuryon theroofofatriedworld,andeverythingseemsBlackasdeathandnot nearlysomerciful,itisarefreshing thingtofindsomesmallpinpointof valiantlightgleamingbravelythrough themurk.Ifoundthatlightto-day.

IhadbeenreadingthatHitlerwas decimatingtheBritishpeople;that Englandwasutterlydestroyingthy beautifulFrenchlittoral;thatJapan wasstillmurderingChinathatthe DemocratsinthiscountryweredamningtheRepuhicans,andbeingdamnedinturnbythem.Thingscouldnot haveseemedmoregloomy.And then,thenIgotaletterfromafriend.

IleisaNurse,aregularR.N,Iknew thathehadbeensick,andIhadsupposeditwassomethingslightandthat hewasupandaroundlongago.But Ifoundfromhisnotethathehad kenconfinedtohisbedwithrheu,Th\aticfeverandmastoiditisforseven longmonths.Hewassittingup, now,andtakingalittlesolidfood.And thepeculiarthingisthathewasvery happy,andhadbeenhappyforseven months.

Nowyoutakemeandstickmein liedforsevenmonthswithrheumatic fever,orevenwithoutit,andIwould bewild.Iwouldbecursinglustily

andshootingmembersofthefamily, orchancevisitors,asfastastheycame insight.Thatismyideaofreciprocity.WhenIamsuffering,somebody elseisgoingtokeepmecompany. Afterall,amanhastofight,andhe cannotfightagerm.Hecannoteven seetheconfoundedthing,evenifhe werepoorenoughasporttotacklea thingsomuchsmallerthanhimself. Sohehastotakeitoutonwhatever humanisnearestatthetime.Very sensibleandjust,too.Somebody mustactinplaceoftheenemyfor thatgerm.

Butthisnurse,thismanwhopassed hisdayspouringeviltastingandsmellingmessesdownthethroatsofpatientstooweektoresist,assuringthem thattheyhadnopain,nosenseofrepugnance,hewasnotcursingorcomplaining.Heseemedtothinkthat Godhadbeenverykindtohim,notin lettinghimbeattherheumaticrap,but inallowinghimtoexperiencethepain ofthediseaseswhichhadlaidhimlow. Icouldnotquitefollowhisreasoning there,untilheexplained,further,that byknowingthepainwhichpatients sufferedfromrheumaticfeverorfrom mastoiditis,hewouldbeabletounderstandtheirtreatmentbetter,and wouldbemoretolerantandunderstandingoftheirneedsandwants.

Andinthemidstofallthewarsand rumoursofwars,thediseaseandsuffering,Iwasgladtogetthatrayof light.Theworld,itseemedtome, mightstillrideoutthestormofhate andenvyandgreed,whenIlearned fromthatnotethattherearestill peoplewhopractisetheloveofneighbour. AfriendtowhomIshowedtheletter,readingaboutthepleasuresof pain,summeduptheworldlyattitude bysaying:''Theguyisnuts."Well, IknowmyR.N.,andheisdefinitely notnuts.Heisprobablythesanest manIeverniet.Heissaneenough sothatinhisnightofblackand threateningstormhewasabletosee thetwinkleofashiningstarand understanditsmeaning.Sothatonce againastarhasguidedaWiseManto God.

ChristmasEveinBethlehem

(ContinuedfromPage8.)

throughthecityandoutsideareall alivebreathingthebreathofcenturieseachfullofthepast;iftheycould onlyspeak,whatstoriestheycould tell!

Well,wejustwanderedandwander. edandfoundourwaytowardsSt. Stephen'sGate,andtheViaDolorosa.WecalledintoMotherMary attheBasilicaoftheSistersofZion, asIhadpromisedherfrommyprevi ousvisitIshould,asIwishedtobe shownovertheChurch.TheChurch, orasitisreally,aBasicila,Ishallcall itso,isbuiltoverthecourtyardof thepalaceofPontiusPilateand Christ's;rison.Itisoneofthevery fewindisputableauthenticplacesin theHolyCityandisrecognisedbyall asthespotwherePilateheldjudgment.Ninefeetbelowthefloorof theBasilicacanbeseentothisday theorieftalpavingandstonesofthat courtyard.Wewentdownandhow oanIdescribemyfeelings?Ihave trodtheverystoneswhereHisPreciousBloodmayhaverun,afterHis scourgingandcrowningwiththorns; tomethisisoneofthemostsacred placesintheworld.Thepavingis roughlyshapedstones,wornsmooth withtime,buttheywillbethereto theendoftheworld.MyheartseemedtostopstillasIstoodthereand triedtopicturethescenethattook placetheresolongago:themob screamingandshoutingforBarabbas tobefreedandHimtobecrucified. WehadgoneintotheBasilicaofthe SistersofZion,andaswewentinwe metalittleScottishnurse(Army nurse,ofcourse),andwhenwecame outwesawheragain,andasshewas onherownsheaskedusifwecould tellherwherethepoolofBethsaida was.Ihappenedtoknow,although Ihadnotbeentherebefore,andso wewalkedwithhertoseeit.Thepool iswellbelowthepresentlevelofthe gardenwhereitissituatedandforty stepsleaddowntoit.Theproperty

BRYANT&WATERS

80to90STIRLINGST.,PERTH. WOODandCOALMERCHANTS.

OrdersPromptlyAttendedto 'PhoneB3938.

isownedbytheGreekChurch,andin thegardentheyhaveareallybeautifulchapel.Wewalkedthroughthe gardenandovertotheentranceof thepool.

AvenerableGreekpriestshowedus thewaytothestepsandwewent down.Eachflightofsteps,twelvein each,broughtustoadifferentstage ofancientJerusalem.Asyouknow, Jerusalemhasbeenrazedtothe groundandrebuilt,andthatitslevelis muchhigheratthepresentdaythan inthedayofChrist.Thepriests haveexcavatedintheirproperty,and consequently,aswewentdownthe stepseachhandinghadsomethingto showusinthewayofruins.Huge brokencolumns,oldstonevessels,tiles andremainsofformerbuildingsmade onefeeltheageoftheplace.The lastflightledrightintothewater. Noneofuswasparticularlykeento putahandinthewater,eventoboast thatwehadbathedinthewaterof Bethsaida.Itwasjustatinyshade toogreenanduncleanformybath. AndsooncemoreIhavebeenand oncemoreIhavereturned,andIam confidentit;snotthelasttimeIshall seetheHolyCitygleaminginthesunshine,andcalling"Shalom"(Peace) toallwhopassby.

SWISSCATHOLICBIRTHRATE RISES.

TheCatholicpopulationofSwitzerlandnowalmostequalstheProtestant innumber,saysDr.CarlBrueschweiler,headoftheFederalBureauxof StatisticsatBerne,inareviewofrecentpopulationtrends,whichhefinds alarming.

Whileattheturnofthecentury therewere266birthsannuallytoevery 1,000marriedwomencapableofchildbirth,theaverageto-daryisonly125. Theminimumrequiredtomaintainat leastastablepopulationlevelwould be170.

Nolessthan30percent.ofthemarriedcouplesinSwitzerlandarechildless;2percent.haveonlyone,and another20percent.onlytwochildren whileatleastthreewouldberequired tomaintainpopulationstability.

!Asfaraschurchmembershipisconcerned,therewere185childrenbornto every1,000'Catholics,130toevery1,000 Protestants,and75toevery1,000Jews.

LEWISandSONSBakers

PROCERA,VIENNA,CREMALT,HEALTH,CURRANT. ALLTYPESOFFANCYBREADSANDROLLS.

DualCupWinners,RoyalShow,1938.

Bakery:McMASTERSTREET,VICTORIAPARK. 'Phone.M1379.

CornerSTEPHENST.andHAMPTONROAD. FORHYGIENICSERVICE'PHONEL2492. ATRIALSOLICITED.

W.H.TRUSLOVE

128BROADWAY. NEDLANDSLEADINGBUTCHER

DELIVERSTHROUGHOUTNEDLANDS,DALKEITH,ANDHOLLYWOOD.

'Phone:F3124. ATRIALWILLBEAPPRECIATED.'Phone:F3124.

ELECTRICALENGINEERANDCONTRACTOR.

W.H.Branch

STONEHAMSTREET, OSBORNEPARK.

EstimatesGivenforAllKindsofElectricalVVotk.

BreakdownsPromptlyAttendedTo.

TEL.:B2386

"AHOUSEWITHOUTAGARDENISLIKEAPICTUREWITHOUTAFRAME." F.LISTandSONS

91CENTRALAVENUE.MAYLANDS, isHighlyRecommendedforBitumenPaving-Landscape,andevery otherdescriptionofGardening.

'PhoneU1578foryourGravel,Loam,YellowSand,Etc.

Vusiiiiiinassiminiusiumiiiiminnumisinuisonniuussiummaiumminonuassuaniamosornrossimistnitmitsir

last year'sAquinasXI,wasingoodform withtheball.OfthesixClaremont wicketsthatfellhesecuredthreeata totalcostof15runs.

BillBryantgaveaglimpseofhis bestold-timeforminsecuring83for Mt.LawleyagainstSubiaco.InpartnershipwithRobinson(72notout)ne added141in89minutes.Robinson battedveryably,usingawiderange ofstrokestogethisruns.

CharliePuckettagainsecuredgood howlingfiguresforWestPerth.Heis easilythemosthostilebowlerinthe competition,andwithouthispacydeliveries\Vestswouldbeanonentityas anattackingforce.

HughBairdbowledhisslowswith goodeffecttosecure5for28.He madegooduseofthe"dropping'ball, thatcompletelytrickedhisvictims.

ChristianBrothers'College,Perth (EastPerth"C"Grade)isinatight cornerinitsmatchwithNorthPerth, whocompiled109(Allen38,Wilkinson 28),andthendismissedtheiropponentsfor36(Hesford9).

InasecondinningsNorthPerthhas lost4for47.ThusChristianswillbe calledonforanespeciallygoodeffort onSaturdaytopullthegameoutof thefire.

BILLHOWELL.

Oneofthebeststockoff-breakbowlersthathaveplayedforAustraliawas BillHowell,whodiedafewmonths back.Thereisto-daynoneinthe gametoequalhisaccuratebowling Hemadehisfirstappearanceatthe SydneyCricketGroundasabowler againstStoddart'sEnglishXI.Bill,a burlybeefarmer,hadbeenpickedas abatsman.WhentheEnglishmenwere knockingtheN.S.W.bowlingallover theplace,hesaidtotheskipper,"I thinkIcangetsomeofthese'blokes' out."

Indespair,theskippertossedthe balltotheoptimisticBill,whowell andtrulydeliveredthegoods.HeskittledStoddartfirstball,andwith thecrowdhighlyexcitedheproceeded togorightthroughtheEnglishside. Hisfigureswere5for44off25.5overs, andallhisvictimswerecleanbowled!

,AirchieStoddarthadfurtherreason torememberBillHowell,forfour yearslaterthePenrithbee-farmerastonishedtheworldbysomehurricane hitting.ThematchwasStoddart's EnglishXIv.N.S.W.,andninewicketsweredownfor334whenBillcame intojoinL.Pye,andtheytookthe scoreto415inlessthan45minutes, Howell'scontributionbeing45,which includedafiveandthree4's.Inthe secondinningsheagainwentinlast, whentheboardwasshowing9for463, andtookcompletechargeofthebowling,hittingfour5's(equivalenttosix nowadays),andfourteen4's.Heran to95in59minutes.Offoneoverfrom Stoddarthehitfour4'sanda5. Hegothis100eventuallysixyears later,whenhescored128forNew SouthWalesagainstSouthAustralia atAdelaide.

Hewasamanwithahumorous vein.Speakingofhisinningsfor95 againsttheEnglishmen,hetoldhis team-mates:"WhenIcameoutto bat,theEnglishmenalllaughed;when Igotdoublefigurestheysmiled,but afterthattheyonlylaughedwhenI gotout."

HewenttoEnglandin1899,1902, and1905,andonthethreetourstook 256wicketsat19runsapiece.His firstappeaarnceinEnglandwassensational,forhetookalltenSurrey wicketsinthefirstinningsfor28runs. InTestsagainstEnglandhetook35 wicketsat3,5runseach,whileforNew SouthWalesinShieldmatcheshetook 157runsat23apiece.

SPORTINGQUIZ.

AnswerstoLastWeek's Questions.

1.RoyLonerganplayedfor W.A.(Colts),SouthAustralia, andNewSouthWales.

2.ThefirstTestmatchbetween EnglandandAustraliawas playedonMarch15,16,17, 1887,atMelbourne.

3.RedleaphasalwaysbeenconsideredasthegreateststeeplechaserthathasracedinAustralia.

4.HelenWillsMoody,oftennis fame,wasknownas"Little PokerFace."

5.Theexpression,"Southpaw," originatedinAmerica,where theMajorLeagueBaseball Parksaresolaidoutthatthe pitcherfacesthewest.Thereforehisleftarmisinthesouth.

ThisWeek'sQuestions.

1.Abatsmaninmakingastroke breaksapiecefromhisbat whichdislodgesabail.Ishe out?

2.Whatismeantby"ahigh fly"inbaseball?

3.Thefastest2milesrunin (Australiabyahorseis3min. 191sec.Namethehorsethat holdsthatrecord.

4.Who,insport,isAdolph Kiefer?

5.Billiards:Afteramiscueby hisopponsnt,aplayerfindsit impossibletohiteitherballdirectly,becausetheothercue ballisangledinthejawofa pocket,whathappens?

OneofHowell'smostremarkable performanceswiththebatwasina matchwiththe1902AustralianXI andWesternProvinceinCapetown.In thatmatchhetook17wicketsfor54, whichequalstherecordforafirstclassmatch.

GOLF

Lastyea-,twoiaternationalgolf championsofthepastgeneration,who tookupachallengeofmoreyouthful record-breakersofthepresentday, halvedauniquefourballeventat SandyLodge.

Theyoungerplayersweretheopen champion,HenryCotton,whois34 yearsofage,andA.Havers,whois42, andbothareEnglishborn.They playedagainstthe70-year-oldJames Braid,whowasfivetimesopenchampion,andA.Ilerd,whowasopen championin1902,andis72yearsold. BoththeveteransarcScotchmen. Itwasagutta-perchaballv.arubber-corematch.Theyoungerplayers hadthehandicapofplayingwiththe old-fashioned"gutty,"andtheveterans theadvantageofthemodernrubbercoreball.Thematchwasalsotermed"Scotlandv.England,"andAgev. Youth:' BraidandHerdweretwicetwo-up ontheiropponents,butcouldnotretaintheirlead.Theyoungerplayers foundthe"gutty"bailmostdifficult tocontrol,althoughitoccasionallytravelledfurther.Theykeptabetter linetothegreen.

Individualscoreswere:Havers,76; Braid,77;Herd,77;Cotton,75.

Atacertaingolfcourse,wherethe ladieshadbeenaccustomedtoplay fromthesameteesasthemen,itwas decidedtoarrangefurshorterteesior the,ladies.Thenewteeboxeswere ordered.Thesecretaryaskedthe greenkeepertoseethattheywere pacedatthetees. -Allright,sir,"hereplied,"andI'll justpaintan'L'oneachoftheboxes, sothattheladieswillknowjustwhere we'dlikethemtogo."

TROTTING

TherewillbeameetingatGloucesterParkonSaturday.Belowisthe programme,withasuggestedplaceinvestmentforeachrace:

Troters'Handicap,11miles(2.30 class):GreatWay.

LeightonHandicap,11miles(221): Denver'sImage.

SeaViewHandicap,11miles(2.17): WilverMint.

W.A.TrottingDerby,11miles: Lin'sRelic.

PerthHandicap(2.17)MillAdonis. Mosman'sHandicap:Walisca. SwanHandicap(2.17)FairAntique.

NextFremantleFixture.

Theprogrammeforthenextfixture oftheFremantleClubhavebeenapprovedoytheW.A.T.A.,andtheclub willraceonthenightsofMarch15 and17.Onthefirstnightthemain eventwillbetheHevronHandicap,of £110,whileonthesecondnightthe chiefracewillbetheSt.Patrick'sHandicap,of£105.Oneacheveningthere willbefivesupportingraces.TheFremantleClubhasnotracedsinceits successfuljiimpfixturelastmonth.On thatoccasiodtheracingwaswitnessed byanexceptionallylargecrowd,but owingtotheimprovedfacilitiesaffordedpatronsofthetotalisatortheywere abletomaketheirinvestmentswith. outtheusualcrowdingatFremantle.

See"TheHawk's"SelectionsforRacingandTrottingelsewhereinthisissue.

RACING

RacingonSaturdaywillbeatHeadquarters,theWIA.T.C.course.

FromEasternScribes. AustralianCup. ApostropheisregardedbybookmakersandpuntersasanAustralian Cupcertainty.Thatis,onpaper. Thiswasmadeapparentwhenthe SouthAustraliangeldingwonthe BondHandicapatFlemington,giving thefinestexhibitionofstayingseenin MelbournethisyearBookmakerswere soimpressed,theytightenedthequote againstApostropheindoubleswith theleadingcandidatesfortheNewmarketHandicap;andifoneofthe fanciedhorseswinsthefirst'leg,"it willbeimpossibletobackApostrophe. -"Ascot."

Newmarket. AlightweightintheNewmarketHandicapwhoislikelytostartatanoutsidepriceandrunabetterracethan

mostistheSouthAustralianmare, QueenPE0(C%aT!:ereisreasontobelievethat'heisasmartsprinter,for intwostartsinMelbourneshehasrun excellentracesHerAscotwinrecentlywasasoundpieceofwork,and shefollowedwithagoodsecondtoSir RomeoatamileintheSalisburyWelteratFlemingtononSaturday."Ascot."

ThemarketindicatesthatZondahas asgoodachanceintheNewmarket Handicapasthetopweight,High Caste,thebestsprinterinAustralia sinceAjax.Infact,ZondaandHigh CasteareLc:.iavoLsites.Thosenext fanciedareatadoublefigurequote."Ascot."

ATipby"Recorder."

ZONDIA 1 HIGHCASTE 2

QUEENBACCHA 3

BOXING

BOXING.

Itoftenhappensthataboxerwho hasbeatenallthegooddraw-cardsin isowndivision,hastofightoutside hisowndivisioninordertogetworthwhilematches.Afighterneedstobe gametodothis,andtherearesome classicexamplesofthisgameness. Probablythemostoutstandingattemptonthepartofalittlefellow tosettleabiggeropponentwasthat ofStanleyKetchell,'when,asthe middleweightchampion,at152pounds hetriedtoannextheheavyweight championshipheldbyJackJohnson.

KetchellwasnomatchforJohnson, butitissaidthattherewasanagreementthatJohnsonshould"carry"Ketchellforafairnumberofrounds.It isalsosaidthatthelattertriedto sneakhomeaK.O.onthenegro,who wassenttothecanvas.

Thatwasafatalmistakeonthepart ofKetchell,andJohnsonbecame thoroughlyincensed.Herosefroma shortcount,andknockedouthisopponent.Inflatteninghisopponent, KetchellknockedoutfourofJohnson'sperfectupperteeth.

KidLavigne,who,whenhefought JoeWalcott,wasrecognisedasthe lightweightking,wantedinternational recognition.SohewentfromAmericatoEngland,andbeatbigDick I3urge, lightweightandwelterweightchampionofBritain,ina matchthatwasaseveretestforthe smallerman,butwiththatvictory Lavigne'sworldtitlewasnolongehin doubt.

Backin1898JoeChoynskifought Ed.Dunkhorst,oneofthebiggest menwhoeverpulledonboxinggloves. IttooksixroundsforJoetostretcn thebigfellowoutonthecanvas.

JoeWalcottwasprobablythemost astoundingofallthe"giant-killers." Ilefoughtthemall,nomatterwhat theirsize.Therehasalwaysbeena doubtastowhichofthetwo,JoeWalcottorBobFitzsimmons,coinedthe expression,"Thebiggertheyare,the heaviertheyfall."

Onenight,lightweightfighter,negro JoeGans,triedtotakethewelterweightcrownfromLavigne.They fought20roundstoadraw,anditwas agreatfightbetweentwoofthegreatestofalltime.WalcottwasnotrankedasquitetheboxerthatGanswas. Hedependedonhispunch,andGans madeithisbusinesstoseethat"The BarbadoesDemon"didn'tdoanyfree andeasypunching.

"TerribleTerry"McGovern'sfirstdefeathappenedinanover-weight match.HeallowedyoungCorbett severalpounds,andgotknockedout forhisaduacity.Thatwasoneofthe mostfamousboxing'upsets"ofall time.

AbeAttell,asfeatherweightchampion,tookonwelterweightsoneafter another,andthoughtnothingofit. Hewassofastthatthesizeofthe otherfellowneverenteredintohis schemeofthings.Helookedupon heavieropponentsas"draughthorses," andinmostcaseshewasperfectly right.ItwasallthemoreremarkablewhenyouknowthatAbe,as champion,seldomexceeded118Ibs.

TommyBurns,exworld'sheavyweightchampion,wasoneofthemost remarkableofhandicapmen.He startedasamiddleweight,andwas hardlymorethanthatwhenhedefeatedMarvinHartforJimJeffries'vacatedtitle,andmadetheworldsitupand takenotice,whenheacceptedbigJack Johnsonasaclaimantforhiscrown, butthesmallermanwassimplya punchingbagforthebignegro.

TherewasCharlesMitchell,most popularchampionthatEnglandever had.Hewasreallymiddleweight championofEngland.Hefought JohnL.SullivanontheturfatChantilly(France),theboutabare-knuckle affairendinginadrawinthe39th. round.Theyfoughtwithlongspikes

intheirshoes,andtheseinflictedalot ofdamageonthelegsofthefighters. LaterJohnL.badlybeatMitchell,the fightbeingstoppedinthe3rd.round.

So,ifhistorycountsforanything,it doesnotdotogiveawayweightinthe boxingring.

Yearsago,intheoldTheatreRoyal, PaddyKing,alittlefellow,butagrand fighter,undertooktostaytenrounds withtheStateheavyweight,oneBennett.Paddywon-heknockedout I3ennettinthe6th.round.

ATHLETICS

TheStatechampionshipswerecommencedatLeedervilleOvallastSaturday,andwillbeconcludedthisweekend.

Ontheopeningdayathletesfound thetrack,inexcellentcondition,but therewasaslightheadwindforthem tobati1eagainstinthe100yards events.

Severalrecordsweremade.Laurie Ryan,oftheSubiacoC.Y.M.C.,did 10ft.Olin.inthejuniorpolevault;P. Bowers(Cott.-Mt.L.)wonthejunior 120yardshurdlesin17.10;George Morleywonthemilein4min.22sec. ThesewereStaterecords.

GeoffWorner,ofSubiacoC.Y.M.C., becamethenewtitleholderofthe440 yardsStatechampionship,anevent whichhewonin'503sec.

TheStatepolevaultchampionship waswonbyB.Ryan,ofSubiaco C.Y.M.C.,with10ft.llin.,whileH. Ryan,ofthesameclub,wasthird.

TheState110yardschampionship waswonbyR.Pow(Cott.-Mt.L.),in 10.2sec.

SWIMMING

AQUINASCOLLEGECHAMPION-

SHIPS.

Keenlycontestedracingwasafeatureofthe48th.annualswimming carnivalofAquinasCollegeatthe CrawleyBathslastweek.Timeswere notantotheusualstandard,duetoa deadnessofthewater,althoughin otherrespectsconditionswereideal. F.ChristianandT.Bourkewerethe twomostpromisingswimmers,the formerwinningtheopenandunder16yeartitles,andT.Bourketheunder

15-yeartitle.T.Outridgewonthe under14-year,P.Meaghertheunder 13-year,andC.Hincetheunder12yeartitles.Results:Championships.

Open.-440yardsfree-style:F. Christian,1;G.Turner,2;R.Reilly,3. Time,6min.141-5sec.110yardsfreestyle:F.Christian,1;R.Reilly,2;K. O'Brien,3.Time,lmin.12sec.55 yardsbreast-stroke:R.F-!:y,1;G. TurnerandF.Christie,read-heat,2. Time,432-5sec. yardsbackstroke:F.Christian,1;R.Reilly,2; G.Turner,3.Time,93sec.Dive:J. Bahen,1;P.Ranting,2;A.Neate,3. Under16years-220yardsfree-style: F.Christian,1;T.Naughton,2;N. Carr,3.Time,3min.41-5sec.

Under15vearr-110yardsfree-style: F.Bourke,1:D.Cuff,2;P.Banting,3. Time,1min.234-5sec.

Under1.1 years.-110yardsfreestyle:T.Outridge,1;T.Bourke,2; M.Nolan,3.Time,lmin.354-5sec.

Under13years-55yardsfree-style: P.Meagher, W.Melvin,2;E.Haywood,3.Time433-5sec.

Under12years.-55yardsfree-style: C.Hince,1;W.Tunstill,2;M.Paget, 3.Time,472-5sec.

Interhouserelay:St.Paul's(M.Johnson,P.Ranting.M.Nolan,T.Naughton),1;St.Peters,2;St.Edmund's,3. Time,Inin.254-5sec. OldPoys'55yardsfree-style:N. Kennedy,1:M.McGrath,2;J.Stack, 1. Time,353-5sec.

Interhousepoints:St.Peter's,74;St. John's40:St.Paul's,27;St.Edmund's, 22. Championswimmers.-Open,F. Christian;under16years,F.Christian; under15years,T.Bourke;under14 years,T.Outridge;under13years,P. Meagher;under12years,C.Hince. TheInter-Schools'Carnivalwillbe heldatCrawleyBathsonSaturday, March1.Theswimmingcupisheld by,Aigninas,andwiththereturnfrom Sydneyofitschampion,BobTrend, Aquinasshouldbestrongenoughto retainthetrophy.

ROCKTONROADSTORES (W.H.BEVAN).WM.1337. SPECIALISESINDRESSED POULTRYANDFRESHEGGS. AlsoStocksGroceries,Vegetables, SmallGoods,etc. OurPricesArePerthPrices.

becoveredbyletterofauthorisation,andmust beTypewrittenorinBlockLetters.

CONTRACTRATESforgeneraladvertisingonapplicationtothe AdvertisingManager.

TheManagementreservetherighttorefuseanyadvertisementit deemsobjectionable,andacceptsnoresponsibilityforanylosssustained fromerrorswhichmayappearinadvertisements.

AllenquiriesconcerningAdvertisementsshouldbeaddressedtothe ADVERTISINGMANAGER,"THERECORD,"450HAYSTREET,PERTH, WestAustralia.

THOUGHTSFORTHEWEEK.

Sunday:Ifweloveourneighbour wedonothaggleaboutwhatisthe leastgoodthatwecandohim.

Monday:Itisbyourconductthat menjudgenotmerelyus,butthereligionweprofess.

Tuesday:Howmanyunknownsouls thereareintheworldwhomweshall onedayseerichwiththespoilsofvictorytheyhavegainedmomentbymomenthere.

Wednesday:Pourforthonus,0 Lord,theSpiritofThyLove,that thosewhomThouhastfedand strengthenedwiththisBreadfrom Heavenmaybeenabledtodespiseall earthlythings,andwithcleanhearts toseekafterThee,theonlyGod.

Thursday:Tobeeasilyshockedis notanessentialmarkofpersonalholiness.

Friday:Thepresentisanageof gadgets,shortcutsandquickresults.

Saturday:Therearemanypeople whodonottellthetruthevento themselves.

FACTORYGIVECHALICETO NEWMISSIONARY.

Achalice,ciboriumandpyxhave beenpresentedtoFatherD.Morrissey, C.S.Sp.,byworkersoftheDartryDye Works,Dublin,onFatherMorrissey's departurefortheforeignmissions.The factoryclosedhalfanhourearlyto permitthestafftoattendtheceremony,andafterwardsFatherMorrisseyblessedtheworks'air-raidshelter.

y

f i ...mpammoo.w.,...mwoHmoulmoommoo.m.4=4

A

sappeaarnceofBabe,a sheepdog,amountsalmostto tragedyforMissHazelHurst, ofMonrovia,LosAngeles. ForMissHurstisblind,and Babewasher"seeingeye."Day andnightforfouryearsthedog wasatherside.Babeevenescortedhertothealtarrails whenshereceivedHolCommunion. notherdogisbeingtrainedfor MissHurst,butthistraining takesseveralmonths.-.'Universe"

CATECHISM

Q.Who'areentitledtowearthepallium?

A.ThePope,archbishops,andother bishops,asamarkofspecialPapal honour.

Q.Isitimportantforanarchbishop tosecurethepallium?

Itismostimportant,foruntilhe receivesthepalliumhecannotexerciseanyfunctionrequiringepiscopal orders,nordoesheenjoytheprivilege ofhavingthecrosscarriedbeforehim.

Q.Whatgivesthepalliumanunique placeamongstecclesiasticalinsignia?

A.Thepalliumisanornamentthat isatoncepersonalandterritorial.

Q.Whatconsequencedoesthistwofoldcharacteristicinvolve?

A.Ifanarchbishopbetransferred fromonemetropoitanseetoanother hemustapplyforanewpallium,and thetwopalliumswillbeburiedwith him.

Q.Whatdoesthepalliumsymbolise?

A.ThepalliumisaPapalandarchiepiscopalornament,andsymbolises theplenitudeofepiscopalpowerwhich residesinthePope,byvirtueofhis officeasChiefPastoroftheFaithful, andwhichresidesinthemetropolitan byvirtueofhisparticipationofthat fulnessofpowerbestoweduponhim bythePopeforexercisewithinthe limitsofhisprovince.

Q.Howarethepalliumssaidtobe given?

A.Theyaresaidtobe"givenfrom thebodyofSt.Peter,"throughtheir beingstoredintheConfessioofSt. Peter's.

Q.Whatdogmatictruthdoesthat phrasesuggest?

A.Itsuggeststhatthespiritual powersymbolisedbythepalliumgoesbacktoSt.Peterimmediatelyinthe caseofthePope,andmediately throughthePope,inthecaseofthe', metropolitan.

Q.Whatistheoriginofthepallium?

A.Thepalliumisderivedfromthe "humerale"or"omophorion"-awoollenvestmentsomewhatlikeanamice -whichwaswornbythebishopsof theEast,andadoptedinthe4th.centuryasagarmentdistinctiveoftheir episcopaloffice.IntheWesternChurch itwaswornatfirstbythePopealone, andinthecourseoftimeitsusewas extendedtoarchbishops.

LentenRegulationsfor1941

SUMMARYOFTHEREGULATIONSFORFASTAND ABSTINENCE.

1.OnFASTdays,thoseboundtofastareallowedone fullmealatmid-dayorintheevening.Inaddition,theyare allowedtwolightmeals-oneofabouteightounces,andthe otheroftwoorthreeounces.Anykindoffood,andhence evenfleshmeat,maybeusedatallthreemealsprovided,at thetwosmallmeals,thelimitofeightandtwoorthree ouncesrespectivelybenotexceeded.

2.OnABSTINENCEdays,fleshmeatandmeatsoupare forbidden.

3.Lardanddrippingmaybeusedondaysofabstinence, providedtheybeusedmerelyasacondimentorseasoning.

4.Friday,unlessitbeaHolidayofObligation,isaday ofabstinence.

5.AshWednesdayandtheFridaysinLentandEmber weeksareclaysoffastandabstinence.

6.Mondays,Tuesdays,Wednesdays,ThursdaysandSaturdaysinLent,andtheWednesdaysandSaturdaysinQuarterTensearedaysoffastwithoutabstinence.

7.ThereisnofastorabstinenceonSundaysorHolidays ofobligation.

8.St.Patrick'sDayisexemptfromfast;ifitfallsona Friday,itisnotexemptfronttheabstinence.

9.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirseventhyearare boundbythelawofabstinence.

10.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirtwenty-firstyearare boundbythelawoffasting;theyceasetobeboundbyitwhen theyhavebeguntheirsixtiethyear.

11.Thosewhoareindelicatehealth,orwhoareengaged inexhaustingwork,arenotboundtofast.Ofcourse,those whoareseriouslyillarenotboundbyeitherfastorabstinence.

12.OnthedaysmentionedinNo.6,thosewhoarenotbound tofastarenotlimitedbythelaweitherastothequalityor quantityofthefoodtheywishtotake.

13.TheLentenFastandAbstinenceceaseatnoonon HolySaturday.

TheBushies'Corner

DearCornerites,-

WehavenowenteredontheLenten Season,whichhasincidentallycometo berecognisedasharvesttimeforthe Busbies.Wearealldeterminedto makeasmanyvoluntarysacrificesas wepossiblyc'an,andthusshareinour smallwayinthePassionofChrist. AndifweshareinHissufferingswe shallhavepartalsoinHisglory-the joyofIlisResurrectiononEasterSunday.Butwecanmakeoursacrifices doublymeritoriousbydevotingmoney savedtherebytoaworthycause;and nocausehasagreaterimmediatedemandonourcharitythanthatofthe Bushies.Ifyouwanttodosomething bigthisLent,somethingyouhaven't attemptedbefore,layasidealittleeach weekforamonster"easteregg"for thefund.Youwillbemorethanrepaidforyourself-denial,evenbythe immediatepleasureofbeingableto makeamuchbiggercontributionthan everbefore.

AUNTBESSY.

* *

MAILRAO.

18Haynes-street, NorthPerth.

DearAuntBessy,-PleasefindenclosedfiveshillingsfortheBushies. Thekindladywhohelpedmelastyear hasgivenmetwoshillingsforyou.She hasbeenveryillinhospital,sowill youpleasesayaprayerforher.Thankingyouverymuch.-Yourlovingniece, BETTYSTANLEY.

DearBetty,-Bothyouandyour generousfriendareassuredofmy prayers;butwhatshouldbeofgreater comfortisthethoughtthatscattered rightthroughoutthewholeoftheWest Australianbusharehundredsofgratefulchildrenwhoeverremembertheir benefactors.

AUNTBESSY.

r* Mills-street,Queen'sPark.

DearAuntBessy,-Willyouplease sendmeaBushies'name?

BETTYO'NEILL.

DearBetty,-Iwillforwardonthe addressassoonaspossible.

AUNTBESSY.

CollinsSiding.

DearAuntBessy,-Iamsendingfive shillingsfortheLemonadeBottle. Hopeyougetthehundredpoundsby theendoftheyear.-Yourssincerely, SOMEONE.

DearSomeone,-Thefiveshillings madeagreatclatterastheydropped in;thereisstillgroundspaceinthe oldbottle.However,Ipredictsome heavyfallsduringthenextfewweeks.

AUNTBESSY,

DearAuntBessy,-Iencloseboxof stamps.Pleaseprayftra 1.0NELYMOTHER.'

DearLonelyMother,-Yourcontributionisverywelcome.MayGod beyourcomfort.

AUNTBESSY.

)4MM.C.11=1.0 00,111.1, STAMPS. Usedstampsmaybesentinto theCorner.Thesearesoldandthe moneygoesintotheLemonade Bottleandhelpstowardsthetotal attheendoftheyear-IfyoucannothelptheCornerinanyother waysendalongsmalldonationsof stampsasfrequentlyasyoucan.

LENDAR.

Sunday,March2:FirstSundayinLent. Violet.Semi-double.Creed.PrefaceofLent.

EvenasOurLordJesusChristpreparedforHispubliclifebyafastof fortydaysinthedesert,letusprepare byfast,prayersandworksofcharity forthesolemnfeastofEaster.

Monday,March3:Feria.Violet.Simple.

Tuesday,March4:St.Casimir,Confessor. White. Semi-double. 2, Feria 3,St.LuciusI,Popeand Martyr. St.Casimir,sonofCasimirIII,King ofPoland,excelledinloveforthepoor andgreatdevotiontotheBlessedVirgin.

Wednesday,March5:EmberDay.Violet.Simple.

Thursday,March6:SS.Perpetuaand Felicity,Martyrs.Red.Double. 2,Feria. Thesetwoyoungmothers,theformerofhighrank,thelatteraslave,died bythesword,A.D.202.

Friday,March7:St.ThomasAquinas, ConfeslsorandDoctoroftheChurch. White.Double.2,Feria.Creed. St.Thomas,the''ApostolicDoctor," ispatronofallCatholicschools.

Saturday,March8:St.JohnofGod, Confessor.White.Double.

Sunday,March9:SecondSundayin Lent.Violet.Semi-double.2,St. Francis,Widow.

MOTHEROFSORROWS.

DuringthisholyseasonofLentwe shouldoftenhaverecoursetoOurLady ofSorrows.

To-dayisthefeastofSt.Gabrielof theSorrowfulVirgin,Confessor.

CARDBOARDBRIGADE.

Theformationofthe1941Brigadehasnowbeenbegunandthe Cornerwouldwelcomehardened warriorsorrawrecruitsonapplicationtoHeadquarters.Theywill beacceptedonthestrengthof theirenthusiasmfortheCauseof theBusbiesandontheirwillingnesstohuntdownthenecessary thirtypenniesthatwillmaketheir collectingcardeffectiveforthe captureofthe1941objective.A nom-de-plumemaybeusedforletterstotheCorner,butallapplicationsforcardsmustbeaccompaniedbyfullnameandaddress.

LEMONADEBOTTLE.

YEATES&YEATES

SchoolRacquets,Restring,andE. pairsobtainableatWimbledonSports Depot,81WilliamStreet(Basement), Perth. -

T.N.MURGATROYD

58ERICSTREET,COTTESLOE. HOUSERENOVATORPAINTER&DECORATOR.

'PHONE:F2054.

CATERER

Mrs.E.B.O'CONNELL STIRLINGSOCIALROOMS, ComerHayandMilliganStreets. (Upstairs) ALLCLASSESOFCATERING 'Phoae

AcknowledgedWithThanks. s.

L.CHARLESWORTH, DIP.,D.S.

Surgeon 133ROKEBYROAD,SUBIACO (LateMcGovern's).RingW1191

Telephone84757.

MARTINP.RYAN M.W.A.O.A.

Optometristand Optician

SonofLateM.P.Ryan,lateof Fremantle.

ORIENTLINEBUILDINGS, WILLIAMSTREETPERTH.

JOSEPHEDWARDS

F.B.A.S. Tel.:87804

SECRETARY

Land,EstateandGeneral CommissionAgent AgentforAbsenteesandInvestors MortgagesArranged,Rentsand InterestCollected,SecretarialWork Undertaken.

MISSMARYEDWARDS, ForTypingandDuplicating WestAustralianChambers, (FirstFloor) St.George'sTerrace NexttoPal-cefloret)

PatroniseOurAdvertisers.

KKtri 'NA

OXFORDREADERBook1,1/7; Book2,1/10;Book3,2/3;Book 4 2/6

TEMPL.E.

4,'1/10; Book5 ..1/11

CLARK'S PHYSIOGRAPHY,HY, 3/3 EAKIN'SJUNIORGEOGRAPHY 1/6

BARTLETT'S GGEOGRAPHY

SKETCHATLAS,Class3 1/7

BARTLETT'S GEOGRAPHY

SKETCHATLAS,Class4,1/10

BARTLETT'S GEOGRAPHY

SKETCHATLAS,Class5,1/10

BARTLETT'SGEOGRAPHY

CHINA,GLASS

OTLEYPLACE,

BergsonDieda

Catholic

(ContinuedfromFrontCover.)

Sources,'anddidnothesitatetoquestionhimwithgreatindiscretionconcerningChristiandoctrinesandconcerningthewayinwhichhisbookwas tobeenderstoodintheirconnection. Bergsonrepliedthatinthisbookhe wishedtospeakonlyasaphilosopher, butthatitwasnotforbiddenforusto readbetweenthelines.Cattauiurged metoseeBergsonagain;hetoldme thatthephilosopherrememberedthe younggirlwhofollowedhiscourse inPlotinus.

"Ideterminedtomakehimavisit -itmusthavebeenin1936or1937. WithindescribableemotionIsawonce morethismasterofmyyoungerdays. Hissensitivefacehadscarcelychanged.Hiseyes,whichwereblue,like somepieceofItalianpottery,remainedeverclear.Andtherewasabout himanauraofwisdomandserenity whichinspiredveneration.Onceagain Ifeltlikealittlegirlinhispresence, asIhadfeltinthedaysattheCollegedeFrance.Buthe,obliviousof theyearsthathadpassed,suddenly spoketomewithoutanypreamble:

'Withyoualsodiditbeginwith Plotinus;Itwasourconversionto Catholicismofwhichhewaswell aware.Couldhehavemoreclearly toldmethatithadhappenedtohim alsoandthathisreligiousenquiry, hismysticalenquiry,hadbegunwith Plotinus,

"HespokeofJacques,andofJacques'swork.Hesaidtome:'You know,whenyourhusbandsetupmy philosophy"offact"againstmyphilosophy"ofintention"ascontainingcertainvirtualitieswhichwerenotdeveloped,hewasright.'Andhecontinued,whilemyheartwasfilledwith gratitudeandadmiration:'Sincethen wehavemovedtowardeachother,and wehavemetinthemiddleoftheway.'

AndIthoughttomyselfthatthey hadmetinChrist,WhoistheWay,as IleisalsotheTruth

FulfilmentofJudaism.

"JacquesandIwenttoseehimoccasionally.Severaltimeshesaidtous: 'Everythinggoodwhichhasbeendone intheworldsinceChristandallthe goodwhichwillbedone-ifanymore isdone-wasdoneandwillbedone throughChristianity.'Hetoldusone daythatcertainJewsconvertedto Catholicismassertedthattheyfound thereinthefulfilmentofJudaism,'and thatistrue.''Othershesitatetoenter theChurchbecauseofthepersecution thattheJewssuffertoday.'Andwe understoodthathehimselfwasstill hesitatingbecauseofhisloveforhis ownpeople.

"Andwhenatlastthissummerwe hadassurancethathehadbeenbaptised,wewereinnowaysurprisedto beaskedatthesametimetokeepita secretwhileheyetlived."

OfficialOrganoftheArchdioceseofPerth ESTABLISHED

Gandhi'sViewof Religion

"THEWORLDDEPENDSONIT."

Writinginhispaper,the"Harijan," MahatmaGandhiemphasisestheneed ofreligioninsocialandpolitica'life, anddeclaresthateventheexis,nceof theworlddependsonreligion. 'To trytorootoutreligionitselffromsocietyisawildgoosechase,"Gandhi says."Andweresuchanattemptto succeed,itwouldmeanthedestruction ofsociety.Superstition,evilcustoms, andotherimperfectionscreepinfrom agetoageandmarreligionforthe timebeing.Theycomeandgo.But religionitselfremains,becausetheexistenceoftheworld,inabroadsense, dependsonreligion.Theultimate definitionofreligionmaybesaidto beobediencetothelawofGod."

Underthecaption,"HowtoConvert Atheists,"Gandhisays,"thetrueservantofGodcanconverttheatheistby meansofhisownpurityandgoodconduct,-butneverbyargument."Innumerablebookshavebeenwrittento provetheexistenceofGod,andifargumentcouldhaveprevailedthere wouldnotbeasingleatheistinthe worldto-day,"heopined."Butthe oppositeisthecase.Inspiteofall theliteratureonthesubjectatheismis ontheincrease.Often,however,the manwhocallshimselfanatheistisnot oneinreality,andtheconversealsois equallytrue."

"Thereforeletthebelieverrealise andhavethefaiththat,ifheistrue toGod,hisneighbourswillinstinctivelynotbeatheists,"theMahatmaadds. "Donotlethimbetroubledaboutthe wholeworld.Letusrememberthat atheistsexistbythesufferanceof God.Howtrulyhasitbeensaid thosewhoworshipGodinnameonly arenotbelieversbutthosewhodoHis will!"

113YEARSOLD.

Awayoutinthelittlevillageof NorthRiver,intheConceptionBay areaofNewfoundland,Mrs.EllenCarrollisshowingtoneighboursmessages sentbytheHolyFather,theKingand QueenandtheGovernor,SirHumphreyWalwyn,congratulatingheronher 113th.birthday.

AnothermessagecamefromCalifornia.ItwasfromMrs.Carroll'sson, aged91.

TheNewfoundlandCommissionof Governmentsenther113dollarnotes.

IntheeveningofherbirthdayMrs. Carrollattendedabirthdaycelebrationinthevillageschool.

Enrolment Without Obligation

Thosemotherswhoaredoubtfulof theabilityoftheirdaughterstoprofit bybusinesstrainingcanenrolthemat theCityCommercialforaweekwithoutanychargeorobligation.They willbegiventheordinaryinstructionbutwithoutfee.Attheendofthe weekwewillreporttoyoufullyandfranklyontheirchancesofqualifyingforabusinesscareer.

C.C.C.secretarialtrainingensuresagoodcityofficeappointment.In additiontoordinaryinstructionintheusualbusinesssubjects,students get2to3months'experienceinourownoffices.Allgraduatesare GUARANTEEDAPOSITION.

Feesarepayableinmonthlyinstalments.Inquiriesplaceyou undernoobligation.

CityCommercialCollege

W.A.'sBusinessUniversity

SheffieldHouse,713-21HayStreet,Perth

Kelly

Late

Azana,Ex-SpanishPresident, ReconciledtoChurch

TOputant.ndtothegreatvariety ofrumoursthathavefollowed thedeathandburialofManuel IAzana,formerPremierandformerPresidentofthrSpanishRepublic,who wasreconciledtotheCatholicChurch beforehedied,theMostRev.PierreMarie'fleas,D.D.,BishopofMontauban,FranceI-asissuedthefollowing statement:

"1.Afewdaysafterthearrivalof thenewBishopofMontaban(Mgr. Theas),MonsieurAzana,seriouslyill, expressedthedesireofreceivingavisit fromhisExcellency.HisExcellency sawthesickformerPresidentonseveraloccasions.

"2.Wheneverhewasabletoexpress hisfeelings,thePresidentmanifested hisjoyandaskedtheBishoptorenew thevisit.

"3.ThePresidentgaveexpressionto hisChristianconvictions;onseveral occasionshekissedthecrucifixwhen itwasofferedtohim.,pronouncingthe followingwords:'MyGod!MyGod. Pity!'Mercy!'Tothequestion:'Do youdesiretoreceivepardonofyour sins?'heanswered:'Yes.'

"4.OnSunday,November3,at2.30 o'clock,theyawoketheBishop,who wentoncemoretothedyingmanand administeredExtremeUnctioninthe presenceofMadameAzanaandseveralofthePresident'sattendants.The indulgencedprayersinarticulamortis werefinishedjustasthePresident breathedhislast.TheBishopthen saidprayersforthemanwhohadjust died.

"5.MadameAzana,awareofthe Christiandeathofherhusband,asked foraChristianburial.Adirgewas grantedbytheArchpriest,without Massandwith'leveeducorps'(the clergynotgoingtotheresidenceofthe deceased.

"6.OnNovember5,Madame.Azana, verytired,decidednottobepresent attheceremony.Thefuneralprocession,insteadofmakingitswaytothe Cathedral,whereitwasexpected,went straighttothecemetery,whereamere civilburialtookplace.

"7.IntheafternoonofNovember5, MadameAzanacametotheBishop's residencetothankhisExcellencyfor hisvisitandtheservicestothePresident.Shealsoexpressedherregretthat,againstherwill,acivilcharacterhadbeengiventotheburialof herhusband."

BishopTheastookpossessionofthe SeeofMontaubanearlyinOctober. SenorAzanahadtakenrefugeinMontaubanafterthecollapseoftheSpanishRepublic.