The Record Newspaper 20 February 1941

3d.

3d.

eirmanyPastorNiemolerBecomes

SIXTY-EIGHTHYEAR aCatholic

ProtestantLeaderWhoOpposedNaziPaganism

AustralianAssociatedPressReport

PastorNiemoller,world-famousleaderandchampionof GermanProtestants,hasbecomeaCatholic,accordingto apressreportasyetunconfirni,:dfromCatholicsources. 44AnAssociatedPressmessagestatesthat,"accordingto theSwisspaper,'BaslerNachrichten,'itsBerlincorrespondentannouncesthatPastorNiemoller,leaderofthe GermanEvangelicalChurch,whohasbeensubjectedto muchGermanvictimisation,hasacceptedRomanCatholicism.Itwasrecentlyreportedthathewassharinga cellwithaRomanCatholicpriestatOranienburgconcentrationcamp."

FORMERU-BOATCOMMANDER.

THEnameofMartinNiemoller,leaderoftheProtestantConfessionaloppositiontotheneo-paganismofthe Naziregime,hasbecomefamous throLghouttheworld.LikeCardinalFaulhaber,Niemollerhas stoutlywithstoodpressure broughttobearuponhim.In 1937hewasimprisonedfor"misuseofthepulpit."Thecourt freedhiminFebruary,1938,bt.t hewasimmediatelyarrestedby theGestapoandthrownintoa concentrationcamp.According toreports.hewasplacedonhalf rations,wassentencedtodouble heavylabour,solitaryconfinement,rock-breaking,road-building,andditch-digging.Buthe remainedfirm.

WarHero.

MartinNiemoller'scourageinresistingthemightoftheNaziregimeand hisper#aralinfluenceinGermanyare duetothefactthathewasoneofGermany'sheroesofthewarof1914-18.He wasamarineofficerintheGerman Navy,commanderofaU-boatthat wasinstrumentalinsinkingmorethen adozenenemyvesselsintheMediterranean.ThewrittenrecordofhisadventuresinGreatWarI.readslikean accountoftheexperiencesofanysildierwhoenjoyedtheexcitementofthe fray.Whenitwasalloverhereturnedhomewithasoundbodyandsound nerves. Afterthewarhedeterminedtobecomeapreacher."Ihaveseenmany examplesinmylifeofhowthemessage ofChristianitymadestrong,freen-en ofitshearers....Myfatherwasapastor,andIhadseenthesethingshappen,whichInowremembered.And IfeltthatinthiswayIcouldbest servemypeoplehonestlyandsincerely."

MARTINNIEMOLLER.

"Notyou,HerrHitler,butGodismy Fuhrer."

Threepoverty-strickenyearsatthe Universityfollowed.Eventhenpolistretched'itslongarmintothe theologicalseminaries.Niemollerwent aroundwithagroupofright-wingers andwaspresentattheformationof theGermanNationalStudentGroup. Thenumerous"putsches"andotherincidentsthatsmackedofcivilwarbetweentheGovernmentandthereactionariesweighedheavilyonhissoul. HesawthatGermanylackedagreat unifyinggoalandnearlyallofthe moralrequisitesforarealnationalwill andpolicy.

Niemoller,thestudent,doubtedthat thenationalardouranimatingthe youthandthewarveteranswasstrong

TheshopforBetterValue.Our PriceslowestinPerth.Anygoods senttocountrynotsatisfactorywepay freight

WHATISNEWS?

TheA.A.P.cablemessagewhich containedthisnewswaspublishedinEasternStatesnewspapers nThursday,February6. A similaritemappearedinthe "WestAustralian"ofthatdate -withtheremarkableomission ciPastorNiemollersconversiontotheCatholicfaith.The mutilatedreportwasofnosignificancewhatever,asFather Mayer'sproximitytoDr.NiemollerintheOranienburgconcontraticncamphadbeenrepertedsamemonthsearlier.

andpureenoughtogiveGermanya newimpetusforthefuture.Courage wasnotlacking,butastrong,unifying forcewas.Suchsentiments,then, wereatthebottomofhissubsequent adherencetotheHitlermovementand laterofhisdisillusionmentandbreak fromit.

StruggleAgainstState.

Atthebeginningofhisstruggle againsttheencroachmentsanddemandsofanauthoritarianStatefanaticsthrewabombintohishome.Then hebegantobedoggedbysecretpolice ateverystep. '1herewereinvestigations,suppressions,vetoes;hishouse wassearched,andhewasmadethe victimofaregularinquisitionuntilhe wasfinallyimprisoned.Thisbrutal treatmentonlydoubledhisresolveand strengthenedhisconvictions.

WhenHitlertookoverthereinsof governmentmanyintellectualsaswell asGovernmentworkersandindustrial headsdeceivedthemselvesintothinkingthatthenewmovementwouldsoon cometoanendandthatinthemeantimetheywouldassurethemselvesof theirincomeandpositionbyoutward conformityatleast.Thesepeople,inwardlydegraded,arenowvictimsof theirownopportunism.

Niemollerdeclaredhisresignation fromtheNaziPartyassoonasitbecamecleartohimthattheirpromise of"positiveChristianity"wasanempty gesturecalculatedtobringinmore votesinelectionsatsuchatimeas theymightneedth"m. LeaderofDefenceLeague. NiemollerbecameleaderoftheLeagueofDefenceofthePastors,agroup of3,000Protestantclergymen,who, convincedthatthesituationhadbecomeintolerable,decidedtospeakfor themselvesandagainstthenewpaganism.Theysentanultimatumtothe

"ItisNiemollerorI." newly-electedReichbischofMullerdemandingthatheresignfromthepost towhichHitlerhadactuallyappointed him,thatallthosewhohadfailedin theirdutyasChristiansshouldbedismissedandthatthereshouldbefree domtopreach.

Adeclarationattackingtheheathenismofthepressandrepudiatingthe BloodandSoilracialismofRosenberg broughttheforcesoftheNaziState againstNiemollerandsevenhundred otherConfessionalpastors.

Inhislastsermon,onJune27,1937, Niemollerhadsaid:

"Wehavenomorethoughtofusing ourownpowerstoescapethearmof theauthoritiesthanhadtheApostles ofold.Nomorearewereadytokeep silentatman'sbehestwhenGodcommandsustospeak.Foritis,and mustremain,thecasethatwemust obeyGodratherthanman.

"Inthistimeofveryspecialtrialand struggle,wemustbearinmind.that everyattempttogainsecuritybysome othermeans,everyturningofoureyes aftersomeothersourceofstrengthand support,worksexactlyintheopposite waytothatwhichweintend. The sufferingofourcommunity,theshame whichwehavetobearwhenwetake ourstandbesidetheCrucifiedOne, thatisindeedaheavyburdenand hardship:wefeeltheweightofit,and doubtcreepsintooursoul.. But Jesussays:'Blessedareyewhenmen shallreproachyouandpersecute you..

(ContinuedonBackCover.)

215WilliamSt.,--Perth

Ourmottois:"Wehaveit:wewill getit,oritcannotbegot."

"Somewomenarelackinginasense ofproportion,aren'tthey?"

'What'sthematternow?"

"Mywifewenttohaveherhair wavedlastweek,anditcostherthirty shillings."

"Butthatdoesn'tprovesheislackinginasenseofproportion,doesit?"

"Perhapsnot,butwhenshecame backshetoldmeshe'ddiscovereda placewhereIcouldgetmyhaircut forfourpence."

* *

Anewandtrue"whitefeather'. storyfromWhitehall,toldbyawriter in"TheEveningStandard."

AnoldBlimp,asoldier,andayoung civilianweretravellinginthesame railwaycompartment.

TheBlimptalkedtothesoldier,extolledhisbravery,extendedhisadulationtoallmeninthefightingServices, andreferredpointedlyandrepeatedly toyoungmeninciviliandresswho failedtodotheirdutyinthewar.

Theyoungciviliankeptquietuntil thetrainstoppedatastation.Then hegotuptoleave.

"l'dlikeyoutoknow,"hesaidto theBlimp,"thatIworkintheForeign Office.Ifithadn'tbeenforusyou wouldn'thavehadyourwaratall."

* * *

"Dad,whatisadiplomat?"

"Adiplomat,myboy,isaperSon whoisappointedtoavertsituations thatwouldneveroccuriftherewere nodiplomats."

* * * *

Rolandhasgotababysistercalled Mary. Theotherdayhismothercaughthim pokingthebroominMary'sface.

"Whyonearthareyoudoingthat tobaby?"sheaskedhim.

"Well,"hesaid,"Ijustwantedto getherusedtosomething."

'Usedtowhat?"

"Kissinggrandfather."

SAVEMONEYonStoves,Coppers

Atouristseatedoutsideahotelin FloridawaswatchingaNegroporter ashesweptthefloor.Deftlybut slowlythemanmadelittlepilesofthe scatteredcigaretteends,half-burnt matches,andlitterwhichhadaccumulatedthenightbefore.Themorning wasratherwarm,andcloudswere gatheringinthesky.

'Sambo,"saidthetourist,"don't youthinkthereisanexcessiveamount ofhumidityintheatmospheretoday?"

"What'sdat?"exclaimedtheNegro, wipingtheperspirationfromhisface.

"Iwasmerelyextendinganinterrogationtolearnifyouthoughtitwas goingtorain,"answeredthetourist.

"Well,Inever,"saidtheporter. `DoesyoureckonIwouldbewastin' mytimepushin'disbroomifIhad senseenufftoprognosticatedeprecipitationofanadequateamountof liquidity?"

*

Thesexton,passingthroughthe graveyardduringanairraid,foundthe skeletonsupandmakingoffwith tombstonesundertheirarms.

"Notsafeenoughforus,''theyexplained."Afootortwoofearth's notenoughcover."

"Butdon'ttakethetombstones,' pleadedthesexton.

"Tombstoneshehanged,"repliedthe skeleton,"theseareouridentitycards.-

* * *

Blushing,shehidherfaceonher father'sshoulder.

"Ilelovesme,"shesaid.

"ThenIsupposehewantstomarry you?"

Yes,clad."

"What'shisincome?"Shestarted.

"Idon'tknow,"shemurmured,"but theco-incidenceisverystrange."

"Whatco-incidence."

"Sebastian,"sheanswered,"asked theverysamequestionaboutyourincome."

Awomanputherheadoverthe gardenwallandaddressedherneighbour.

"Afamilyhasmovedintotheempty houseacrosstheway,Mrs.Jones."

"Yes,Iknow."

"Didyounoticetheirfurniture?"

"Notparticularly."

'Iwouldntgiveafive-poundnote forthelot.Carpets!Iwouldn'tput theminmykitchen.Andthechildren!Iwon'tallowminetoassociatewiththem.Themotherlooksas ifshehadneverknownaday'shappinesinherlife.Thefatherdrinks,I expect.Toobadthatsuchpeople shouldcomeintothisneighbourhood.

Iwonderwhotheyare?"

"Iknowthem."

"Doyou?Whoarethey?"

"Thewomanismysister."

Therehasbeentroubleinthatstreet eversince.

* * * *

"Hasthismangotanaccounthere?" askedthecalleratthebankinthe wildandwoollyWest.

"Why,yes,"saidthemanager.

"Thenwhydidyoureturnhis chequetomemarked'Nofunds-?"

'Oh,"repliedthemanager,"that doesn'tmeanthismanhasnofunds. Itmeansthehankhasnofunds.'

* Thehousewifehadanewcook,and onedaysheboughtsomeapplesand plumsandinstructedthegirltomake tarts.Enteringthekitchenlaterin theday,shesawsixtarts,eachbearingtheletters"T.A."inicing.

Thehousewifecomplimentedcook onherskill,andinquiredthemeaning oftheletters.

"Well,ma'am,"saidBridget,"I thoughtyoumightgetmixedup,so themthreewith'T.A.'means"TisApples,'andtheotherthreewith'TA.' means"Tain'tApples'!"

Hewasplacingtheengagementring onherfinger.

"Oh,dearest,"shesaid,"howcharmingofyoutohavechosenmybirthstone.Noneoftheotherseverdid that." Althoughalittletakenaback,he wasequaltotheoccasion.

"Notatall,darling,"hesmiled: 'thisistheoneIalwaysuse." * * * *

"Andhowisyourpoorhusbandtoday?"askedMrs.Hobson.

"Oh,verypoorly,"repliedMrs.Dobcon."He'sgotaterriblyexpensive disease.Thedoctorsawshe'sgotto bekeptingoodspirits!" * * * *

"Andwhatisthechild'sname?" askedtheminister.

"Shirley,"repliedthefather.

"Shirley,"repeatedtheministerin surprise.

"Yes,sir-afterthefamousShirley Temple."

"Yes,yes,ofcourse,"saidtheminister."Let'ssee-who'sthepreacher therenow?"

Bitter

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NationalFitness

"Enquirer,"PortPine,S.A. Wouldyoupleasecommentontheenclosedcuttingwhichwastakenfrom the"Recorder"(PortPixie),issueof November18,1940.

Thecuttingcontainsareportofan addressbytheRev.A.E.Vogt,aProtestantMinister,onthe"NationalFitness"Movement.Itwouldrequiretoo muchspacetocommentindetailonthe wholereport.Ishallthereforeconfine mycommentarytoafewgeneralremarks,reservingoneortwoofthemore importantpassagesfordetailedexamination.

ThereismuchinMr.Vogt'saddress whichwillmeetwiththeheartyapprovalofallsectionsofthecommunity,asthefollowingquotationswill show:-

(1)"Nomeasureoffreshaircancancelthenecessityofspiritualguidance. Physicaljerkswilltakeourchildren nowhereunlessaccompaniedbyproper education Asphysicalexercisesare essentialforthehealthybody,sois religiousinstructionforthemind.'

(2)"Justrecently,Ihaveinterviewmenwhohavebeenrejectedfornationalservicebecausetheyareunfit. Practicallywithoutexceptiontheir slaryhasbeenthatforalongperiod (beywereworkless,livingonaration ticket,orelsetrampingtheroadsand pickingupamealwheretheycould. Themilitaryauthoritiesknewthatno measureofmilitarytrainingcouldfit themfornationalservice.Theybore toagreatdegreethesignsofundernourishment"

Mr.Vogtthengoesontoshowthe utterimpossibilityofprovidingsuitable nourishmentforafamilywhenthe bread-winnerisonthedole.Thenhe adds

(3)"Youcannotbuilduptheresourcesofthose(under-nourished) childrenbyplacingthemontheparallelbarsortakingthemforanouting. Wearemerelyplantingtheseedsof weakchildren,whichnoamountof freshaircanprevent.Theeconomic factorinitsrelationtonationalfitness istremendouslyimportanthere"-

(4)"Wehavealltheappurtenances ofphysicalfitness.Letususethem byallmeans.Butletustakethemin properproportion.Letushaveasane communityinwhichGodmaydwell."

Theforegoingquotationswillgive readerssomeideaoftheexcellentmattertobefoundinMr.Vogt'saddress.

Itisunfortunate,however,thatcertainsectionsofMr.Vogt'sspeech shouldbemarredbyproposalswhich areasun-Christianastheyarescientificallyandsociallyunsound.

Letusexaminesomeofthemindetail.Thequestionswhichfolloware quotationifromthe"Recorder"report ofMr.yggt'saddress.

ONMOCKMODESTY.

"Imustbefrankandsaythatthere shouldbelessmockmodestyand moreconcentrationonsaneteaching aboutthefunctionsofthebodyand marriage.'"

Thattheabolitionofmockmodesty wouldbeaverygoodthingfewwill deny.Thatsaneandwholesometeachingaboutthefunctionsofthebody andmarriagewouldbemostbeneficial bothtotheindividualandthenation allreasonablepeoplewillagree.

ButbeforeMr.Vogt'sstatementcan beaccepted,twomostimportantquestionsmustbeanswered:(1)Inwhat doestruemodesty(asdistinctfrom mockmodesty)consist?(2)Howis theproposed"saneteaching"concerningthebodyandmarriagetobeimparted?

Therearepeopleto-daywho,infectedbythegeneralatmosphereofmoral laxityandthepseudo-psychologyof Freud,thinkthatallmodestyismock modesty.Theyregardalldecencyand restraintasanirrationaltabooinheritedfromtheconventionsofthepast. Thus,forinstance,theyregardthedebasedanddegradingcultofnudismas "natural."Butsuchpeoplearecompletelyoutoftouchwiththerealities ofhumannatureasitisandasithas beenthroughhistory.Theyareguilty oftheenormousfallacyofidentifying naturewithlowernature.Theyforget thatmodestyisanaturalthinginman

-naturallybecauseitisatbasean instinctiveprotectionaffordedbynatureitselftosafeguardthepurityofthe fountainheadofthehumanspecies,and therebythewelfareoftherace.

Thatinstinctivetendencyinmanhas beendevelopedbyChristianmoral standards,andrepresentsthehappy meanbetweenpruriencyontheone handandpruderyontheother.True modesty,then,isneitheraconvention noratribaltaboo,butanatural,instinctivetendencydevelopedandeducatedbythemorallawofJesusChrist.

Whiletheeliminationofprudery would,therefore,beagoodthing,any measurewhichdisregardstheinstinctivecharacterofmodestyorChristianmoralstandards,mustberejectedasbeingbothimmoralandpsychologicallyandsociallyunsound.

* a SEXEDUCATION.

Thesameappliestosexinstruction. Giventothosewhoneeditbytheproperpersons,andwithdueregardboth totherealitiesofhumannatureand therequirementsofChristianmoral standards,itisnotopentoreasonable objection.Butindiscriminatesexinstructiontomixedclasseswithfull physiologicalandbiologicaldetails mustbecondemnedasethicallyimmoralandscientificallyunsound.

Itisethicallyimmoralbecause,takinghumannatureasitis,suchinstructionisanincentivetothepracticeof viceratherthanameansofeliminating diseaseandunhappiness.Itisbasedon theutterlyfalseassumptionsthathumannatureisperfectlypoisedand balanced,andthatknowledgeisidenticalwithvirtue-thatmanwillalwaysdogoodifonlyheknowswhatis good.Thatisnotamoderndiscovery.Itissimplyarevivaloftheold, olderrorofSocrates.AsPopePiusXI. wroteintheEncyclical"OntheChristianEducationofYouth":

"Fartoocommonistheerrorofthose who,withdangerousassuranceandtinderanuglyterm,propagateaso-called sex-education,falselyimaginingthey canforearmyouthagainstthedangers cfsensualitybypurelynaturalmeans, suchasafoolhardyinitiationandprecautionaryinstructionforall,indiscriminately,eveninpublic Such personsgrievouslyerrinrefusingto recognisetheinbornweaknessofhumannature,andthelawofwhichthe Apostlespeaksasfightingagainstthe lawofthemind.Theyerralsoinignoringtheexperienceoffacts,from whichitisclearthat,particularlyin youngpeople,evilpracticesarethe effectnotsomuchofignoranceofintellectasofweaknessofawillexposed todangerousoccasions,andunsupportedbythemeansofgrace."

Indiscriminatesexeducationisscientificallyunsoundbecauseitignoresthe obviousfactsofhistoryandexperience.

Dr.F.W.Foerster,adistinguished psychologistandeducationalist,anda freethinkerintothebargain,writesas follows: `Thefoundationofallsoundeducationinsexmustconsistofdistracting themindfromsexualmatters,notin directingittowardsthem.Moralpreservationisaquestionofpawertar morethanofknowledge...Thymore realisticellytheteachergraspshuman natureinhisstudyoftheproblemof sex,themorehewillbeconstrainedto abandonthematerialisticstandpoint, andtorecognisetheindispensabilityof theChristianethic."

(Forfurtherinformationonsexeducationfromthescientificandsocial standpoint,listenersarereferredto "SexInstruction,"abookbyDr.James J.Walsh,aprominentAmericanmedicalman.Itmaybeobtainedfromthe SouthernCrossLibrary,543George Street,Sydney).

* *

STERILISATIONOFTHEUNFIT.

"'IhonestlybelieveitisChristianto advocatesterilisationofthementally defective.'"

Instatingthathehonestlybelieves sterilisationofthementallyunfittobe Christian,Mr.Vogtprovesnomore thanthatsuchishisopinion.Itdoes notfollowthatthepracticeisChristianbecauseMr.Vogt,givinghisprivateopiniononthematter,thinksso. Andevenifthepracticeofeugenic sterilisationcouldbejustifiedfromthe standpointofmorals,itwouldnotfol-

TheChurchand Socialism

"Enquirer,"NorthSydney. TheChurchopposesSocialism.

Correct.ButitisnecessarytounderstandthemeaningoftheSocialism whichiscondemnedbytheChurch.

lowthatitwouldbeeffectiveinthe socialandnationalsphere.

Mr.Vogtwillhavetherighttosay thatsterilisationoftheunfitforeugenicpurposesisChristianwhenhehas proved(a)thatsuchsterilisationis morallygoodinitself,oratleast, morallyindifferent,(b)thatitiseffectiveforthepurposeintended(assumingthatitisgoodinitself).

ItissafetosaythatMr.Vogtwill finditexceptionallydifficulttoprove eitherofthesetwopoints.Catholic moralistsinsistthateugenicsterilisationiswronginitselfand,therefore notpermissableunderanycircumstanceswhatever.Theenddoesnotjustify themeans:itisnotlawfultodowhat ismorallywrongthatgoodmaycome ofit.Eugenicsterilisationisheldto beunjustandthereforemorallywrong, becauseitisanunjustinvasionof thepersonalintegrityofinnocentpeople.Thesterilisationofcriminalsfor certainoffencescannotbemorallyjustifiedbecause,astheWoodCommitteeof1939pointedout,itdoesnot curethehelplessnessoflow-grade casesortheanti-socialtendenciesof thecriminal,ortheinstabilityofthe sexoffender.

UNDESIRABLESOCIALEFFECTS.

Againitissociallyundesirabletoencouragethemarriageofsterilisedpersons.Ifthefeeble-mindedarecapable ofmakingasuccessofmarriage,even underthesimplestconditions,itis difficulttoarguethattheyareunfitto procreate;themoresosinceitispracticallyimpossibletosaywithanycertaintythattheoffspringofanygiven unionwillbedefective-theassertions ofpropagandistsandcharlatansnotwithstanding.

Furthermore,thepresenceofrunner. oussterilisedpersonsinthecommunity, farfromlesseningmoralevils,willopen thegatestoaveritabledelugeofperversionandimmorality.

Finally,anylegislationpermitting sterilisationwouldopenthedoorto extremelydangerousextensionsinthe future.TheGermanandAmerican lawsonthesubjectshowtowhat lengthsoftyrannyandinsanitythe crazeforsterilisationcanbecarried. Mostofourextremistsarebeingtactfullysilentjustnow,butoncethe wedgeisintroduced,therewillbeno lackofeagerhandstodriveithome.

SomuchforthepracticewhichMr. Vogtforsomeunknownreasonregards as"Christian."Thetruthisitisabout as"Christian"asabortionandeuthanasia;fromwhichperversionsitdiffers onlyindegree.

(Onthequestionofsterilisation,listenersarereferredtothe"StateSterilisationoftheUnfit,"byHenryDavis; the"CaseagainstSterilisation,"byDr. LaetitiaFairfield,and"Sterilisationby Law,"byA.J.Muench.

Theterm"Socialismisoftenused vaguelytoindicateanyincreaseofcollectiveorstatecontroloverindividual action,andespeciallyovereconomic activities.

Liketheword''Communism"itis sometimesusedasacatch-crybyinterestedpersons,todesignateanylawfuldefencemovementofthepoorer classes,oreventhenecessarymeasures ofthegovernmenttocurtailtheprivilegesofwealthyowners.

Ontheotherhanditcouldheused byCommuniststocovertheirreal aims.The"AustralianSocialist Party"wouldattractmorepeoplethan the"AustralianCommunistParty."

Omittingthesemisleadingapplica-

tionsoftheterm,andmanyothers moreorlessinaccurate,wecometo Socialismso-called;whichistheSocialismcondemnedbytheChurch. Itmaybedefinedas"Asystemof socialandeconomicorganisationin whichtheStatebecomesthesoleown, erofallthesourcesofproductionand meansofdistribution,andassumesto itselfadespoticcontrolofthechief activitiesofhumanlife."

Somuchforthegeneralprinciples underlyingSocialism.Accordingto thevariousinterpretationsthoseprinciplesandthevariouswaysadopted fortheirpracticalrealisation,differentformsofSocialismhavearisen.The moderateSocialismoftheSocialDemocraticPartiesisoneform,RevolutionaryCommunismisanother,and theNationalSocialismofHitleryet another.

* * SocialismandCatholicCountries.

YetSocialisticprincipleswereenunciatedinFrance,astrongCatholic country.

Manyoftheforemostprotagonists ofSocialismwereofFrenchnationality.ButtheywerenotCatholics;nor wastheFranceoftheXIXth.century a"strong,Catholiccountry."TheinfluenceoftheChurchineducationand publicandsociallifehadbeenlargely destroyedbyasuccessionofbitter anti-religiousandanti-clericalregimes, representingtheextremewingofmasonicLiberalism.Underthisanti-ChristiansystemIndustrialCapitalismflourishedwithallitsabuses,andthedechristianisedmasses,enslavedunder Capitalism,felleasyvictimstothe utopianextravagancesofSocialism.

llgain,itshouldherememberedthat thefoundersandleadersofCommunism,orSocialisminitsmostextreme

andviolentform,wereandareneither CatholicsnorProtestants,butapostateJews.Thatappliesnotonlyto Francebuttomostothercountriesas well.

FromRussiacameCommunism,and RussiawasGreekCatholic.

TheRusianOrthodoxChurchhasno moreconnectionwiththeCatholic ChurchthanhasLutheranism.In fact,theCatholicChurchwassubjectedtobitterpersecutionunderthe Czaristregime.TheRussianOrthodoxChurchitselfwascompletelysubjecttothepoliticalpower,andwas ratheradepartmentofStatethananythingelse. Itcollapsedwhenthe politicalpowerwasoverthrownbythe Bolsheviks.Itcontainedmanymen whoweregreatmenandgoodmen, buttheywerepowerlesstowithstand thestorm.

Again,Bolshevismwasnotsomethinggladlyacceptedbythepeopleof Russia.Itwasforceduponthemat aterrificcostofhumanlifeandsufferingbyasmallminority,some25,000in all,whichcapturedcontrolofthe country.Ofthislittleclique,mostof theleaderswereapostateJews.TodaytheCommunistPartyhasabsolutepowerinRussia.Nootherparty istolerated.YettheCommunist Partynumberslessthantwomillions inapopulationofoverahundredand sixtymillions. * * * *

FascismandCatholicItaly.

FromCatholicItalywehaveFascism.

Fromtheyear1870onwards,Italy wasgovernedbyabitterlyanti-Catholicregimewhich,byitscontrolofeducationanditsanti-Catholiclegislative measures,didmuchtodestroytheinfluenceoftheChurchamongstthe massesoftheItalianpeople.Theedu-

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cationwasnotmerelysecularinthe senseofbeingnon-religious;itwas definitelyanti-religious.By1922the countrywaspracticallyinastateof anarchy.Governmentsseldomlasted formorethanafewdaysorweeks;industrywasatastandstill;transport wasalmostparalysed;politicalmurderswerealmostofdailyoccurrence.

ThencametheFascistRevolthead edbyMussolini.Andthepeople, heartilysickoftheincompetencyand corruptionoftheoldregime,gavehim suchsupportthathewasabletoachieveapracticallybloodlessvictory.

IntheFascistPartythereweremod erateelements-almostexclusivelyCatholic-andextremistelements-the fruitoffiftyyearsofanti-religiouseducation.Theseextremistelementscapturedcontrolofthepartymachineat thetimeoftheabortiveSanction,. Campaign,andhavehelditeversince. ThesearethemenwhohaveledItaly furtherandfurtheralongtheroadto completeTotalitarianismandfinally plungeditintowaragainstthewillof themajorityoftheItalianpeople.

Hence,ifyouwanttofindthecause oftheTotalitarianregimeinItalya' thepresenttime,youmustgohack tothemenwhodidsomuchtodeChristianisethemassesofthepeople; tothemenwhoare-stillproclaimedin ourbooksof"history"asthe"emancipators"ofItaly.Ifthereareany moderatinginfluencesinItalyto-day, thethanksareduetotheCatholi.: ('hurch.

FromtheLandofLuther.

From'GermanycomesNazism. NazismwasmadepossibleinGermany,asFascismwasmadepossible inItaly,bythesameliberalisticand materialisticelementswhichde-christianisedtheschoolsanduniversities andthusleftthemassesofthepeople withoutChristianteachingormoral foundation;easydupesforanywildcatschemewhichpromisedthembetterconditions.Bolshevismgrewand waxedstrong,feedingondistressand corruption.Thepeoplesawitat closequarters-andpreferredHitler; afactwhichgivessomeindicationof thefrightfulnessofthealternative.

Therewere,ofcourse,manyother importantfactorswhichcontributedto theriseoftheNazis,butthefactremainsthatifthemassesofthepeople hadremainedsolidlyChristian,theab surdandinhumancreedofNazisM wouldneverhavetakenroot.How littletheCatholicChurchhadtodo withthetriumphofNazismmaybe judgedfromthefactthatHitlerregardstheCatholicChurchasadeadly enemyandisdoingeverythinginhis powertodestroyit.

Thus,inbothItalyandGermany, theoldgodlessLiberalismfirstledthe countrytothevergeofanarchyand thenledtotheextremereactionof Totalitarianism;asPopeLeoXlli, overfiftyyearsago,predictedthatit would.(SeeEncyclical"OnHuman Liberty,"publishedin1888.)

Howcanthesethingsflourishinstrong CatholiccommunitieswhenthePope inhisEncyclicalsdenouncesthem?

Thursday,

societywouldbeimpossible.Itwas therebyguiltyofaseriouspractical blunderaswellasasillytheoretical mistake.Ifthepeoplethemselvesare thesourceofallright,theywillnaturallyinclinetotheviewthatobedience tocivilauthorityismerelyamatter ofchoice.Theywillsubmitonly whentheyfeelinclinedtodoso,and totheextentthattheyfeelinclined todoso.Unlessgovernmentauthor-ityintervenesandsecuresobed'ence bybruteforce,theresult-gradual,but logicalandinevitable-willbeanarchy.Industrialcapitalismiseconomicanarchy,inwhichtheweakbecomethepreyofpowerfulinterests. ItisthedirectresultofLiberalism.

FromAnarchytoTyranny.

SomethinghadtobedonetocounteractindividualselfishnessandeconomicinequalitiestowhichLiberalism hadgivenrise;insomewayorother, menhadtobeliftedoutoftheirindividualdesiresandmadetolookto thecommongood.Buthowwasthis tobedone?Howwerementobe madetorealisethatlibertydoesnot meanindifferencetothegoodofothers, tothegoodofthenation?Religion couldhaverestoredunityandequalitytosocietyfromwithin.Butreligionhadbeenrejected.Therewas onlyonewayleftandthatwastoforce themtoliveforthegeneralwelfare, i.e.,toseizewealthandpowerinorder toequalisetheinequalities.Ifthe sheepwillnotofthemselvesruninto theunityofthesheepfold,thensend thedogsbarkingattheirheels.If individualswillnotberesponsiveto theirGod-givenconsciences,promptingthemtorecognisetheirsocialresponsibilities,thendictatorswillsend outthesecretpolice,theGestapo,and theG.P.U.,andforcethemtodoit.

Thuswerebornthetotalitariandicl tatorshipsofEurope,Fascism,Nazism andCommunism.Thesesystemsrepresenttheswingofthependulum fromaconceptofsocietywheretheindividualwassupreme,totheequally absurdsocietywheretheStateissupreme.Theactiveviolenceassociatedwiththedictatorshipsismerelythe harvestofapassiveviolenceofLiberalismwhichallowedthestrongtodevourtheweak.Bothhaverejected religion,and,withit,theonlysane andbalancedconceptofsociety,in whichGodandHislawaresupreme; guaranteeingtheauthorityofthe Statebutdefiningitslimits:pointing outthedutiesofthecitizen;butinsistingontheessentialrightsandlibertieswhichhepossessesindependentlyoftheState.

TheTotalitarianStatesfindtheirjustificationinthephilosophyofLiberalism.

* * * *

TheStateasGod.

'Phone:B3810-

SACREDHEARTHIGHSCHOOL HIGHGATE-PERTH (ConductedbySistersNotreDameDesMissions). BOARDINGANDDAYSCHOOLFORGIRLS. PUPILSPREPAREDALLEXAMINATIONS. MONTESSORISCHOOLFORYOUNGCHILDREN ForProspectusapplyREV.MOTHERPRIORESS

CHRISTIANBROTHERS'COLLEGEL2903

REGISTEREDPRIMARYANDSECONDARYSCHOOLFORBOYS FROMSIXYEARSTOLEAVINGCERTIFICATE. ForProspectus,applytothePRINCIPAL39ELLENSTREET,FREMANTLE

LoretoConvent"Osborne"-Claremcc BOARDINGANDDAYCOLLEGE.

TheSchoolprovidesasoundeducationonmodernlinesinallbranches ofstudy.Thepupilsarepreparedforal'examinations.TheSchoolis beautifullysituatedbetweenOceanandRiver,inextensivegrounds, withfineplayingfieldsandprivateSwimmingPoolinRiver Telephone:F2I35. Apply- MOTHERSUPERIOR.

ST.ILDEPHONSUS'COLLEGE

NEWNORCIL

CONDUCTEDBYTHEMARISTBROTHERS.

Theycouldnotflourishinstrong Catholiccommunities.Theyflourish. edbecausetheinfluenceoftheChurch hadbeenseriouslyweakenedbygodlesseducationandbythegodless philosophyofLiberalismwhichdominatedsocialandnationallife.

AWeaknessSomewhere.

Theremustbeaweaknesssomewhere.

Thereis.ItisinthegodlessphilosophyofLiberalism,especiallyinits extremeformoflaicism,whichsubstitutedtheStateintheplaceofGod. identifiedlibertywithlicense,andthus proclaimeditselfindifferenttotruth orfalsehood,virtueorvice,rightor wrong,andheldinpracticethatman wasfreetochooseBarrabasinsteadof Christ.Itledfirsttoeconomican'5 socialanarchyandthen,asanextreme reaction,totheTotalitarianState.

Theseedsbothofanarchyandof Totalitarianismarecontainedinthl philosophyofLiberalism.TheLiberalismofwhichwearespeakinghere isessentiallycharacterisedbyitsrejectionofthesovereigntyofGodariHis laws,particularlyinpubliclife,and itsproclamationthateverymanisa lawuntohimself,enjoyingabsolute freedom.Ittracesitsancestryback tothewritingsofflumeandRoos. f,catiintheXVIIIth.century,tothose ofLockeintheXVIIth.,andtothe ProtestantReformationintheXVIth. Itwasthefashionablephilosophyof thefreethinkingbourgeosieinthe XXVIIth.centry,andbecameembodiedinthepracticalpoliticalregimes oftheXIXth.century.Fromthe verybeginning,itwascharacterised IaitshostilitytotheCatholicChurch.

Now,Liberalismasaphilosophyis basedontherejectionofGod.It madethepeopletheultimatesource oftheauthoritywithoutwhichcivil

Ifthepeoplearethesourceofall right,theStatewhichclaimstorepresentthepeople,willlogicallyclaimto beabsolutelysupreme;therewillbe "nothingabovetheState"and "nothingoutsidetheState."Ifthe peoplearethesourceofallrightand theStaterepresentsthepeople,the Statewillclaimthattheindividualand thefamilyhavenorightsexceptby itsgoodpleasure:"AllfortheState." Thereisnoredress,nocourtofappeal.

ThusLiberalismleadstoTotalitarianism.Itsoughttogiveno,freedombyemancipatingcivillifefrom God.Itsucceededinmakingagod oftheStateandofthecitizenaslave.

TheriseoftheTotalitarianStates demonstratestheinherentcontradictionofLiberalism;itsutterfutility andcompletebankruptcy.Andnot eventhepretentiousutopianflapdoodle pouredoutinsuchvolumebyH.G. Wellsandotherrelicsofthedead XIXth.centurycanconcealitstotal collapse.

Dothesethingsgrowasareactionto thesternfactsofChristianity,or what?

Theanswertothatquestionshould beclearfromwhathasbeensaid. TheChurchwasrejectedbeforethe anarchyofgodlessLiberalismorthe tyrannyoftheequallygodlessTotalitarianDictatorshipsarose. NORTHAM.

E.0.TRESISE, M.P.S.,S.A.andW.A. MANUFACTURINGAND DISPENSINGCHEMIST. ForServiceandQuality. t tilNortham.

T.A.GRAHAM

WEST

TheExodusfromParis

AWest-Indian's

ONthe14thJuneat7.30inthe morningtheGermansarrivedat theHoteldeVilleinParis.The policewereimmediatelydisarmed.The exodus,whichhadbegunseveraldays before,continued.

Themomentcameformetoleave. Ihesitatedtoleavemysickwife,but sheputbeforemethepictureofGermanconcentrationcampsandprisons andImade,mydecision.IleftParis onfootabout10.0o'clockbytheItalian Gate.Itwasacruelpartinganda sadmoment.MillionsofParisianswere goinglikemetowardsFontainebleau, thefirststageofthistragicmigration. Oldmen,children,pregnantwomen, woundedmen,sickpeople,allsuffering,weepingandmoaning,madeup thatnightmarecaravanstretchingin anunendinglineofmotorcars,lorries, trucks,carts,carriages,motor-cycles, bicycles,perambulators.

IntheeveningwereachedCorbeil. Wespentthenightinabarn,where men,women,childrenandanimals wereallpackedpell-mell.

Nextdayatdawnwewereonthe roadagain.Allalongthisbroadstraight road,borderedwithpoplars,luxurious carsandmotor-cycles,brokendownor runoutofpetrol,layabandoned,along withobjectsofallkindsthrownaway bypeoplewhofled.

Inthemorningwewentthroughthe forestofFontainebleau,wheretherefugeestooktheirfirstrest.Atnoonwe rptchedthetown,thathadbeenabanOonedbytheinhabitants.Theshops andbakerieswereatthemercyofthe refugeesandthey,insteadofjusttakingthefoodtheyneed,gavethemselves uptolooting

ByeveningwewereatPithiviers, whereanegrowomanrefugeeasked meforsomewine.IgaveherwhatI had.AlittlefurtheronImettwo nativesoldiersfromtheAntilles. I shookhandswiththemwarmlyand wishedthemluck.

Thatsameday,intheeveningtime, wepassedthroughSully.Thatlittle village,sunkinthesilenceofdeath, hadbeenbombarded.Everywhere ruins,corpsesofciviliansmercifully covered,andswollencarcassesof horseswiththeirfeetintheair.Itwas ourfirstsightofwar,aghastlysight thatremainsfixedforeverinourmemories.

Danger.

WehadbarelyleftthisdesolatevillagewhenGermanplanesflewoverus forthefirsttime.Panic.Thecarsstoppedandwereatonceemptied.The thoughtofwhatwehadjustseengave uswings.Somethrewthemselvesinto ditchesanddrains,,Ahersrushedto woodsandthickets,whilesomecontentedthemselveswithhidingbehind trees.Therewasaheavysilencebrokenbytheinfernalrumbleofthe swastika-deckedenginesofwar.

Theaeroplaneswentonandwe breathedagain.Theprocessiontrailed ontoNemours.Thereeverythingwas indisorder,andtheimmensefooddepotran.yckedandupsetbythemigrants,bolthcivilandmilitary.

Fromthebelfrythenotesofthe Angeluspealedoverthecity.Ispent thenighthuddledinacornerofthe railwaystation.

Onthemorningofthe16th,after manyhourswalking,weenteredMontargis,animportanttown.Refugee campshadbeenestablishedhere,but theywerefilledtooverflowingwith Belgiansandtherewasnoroomforus. Politeexpressionsofregret.Hereas everywhereelsethebakers'shopswere looted.Adistressingsight---apicture ofwar.Withpocketsbulgingwitheatableseveryonewenttotherailwaystation,whiletheinterminablelineofcars, bothcivilandmilitary,streamedalong theroad.Atthestationtherewere fourtrainsreadytostart Igotinto one.Imetinitkindpeoplewhoofferedmechocolateanddriedfruit.One trainstarted,thenanother.Itwas

AREYOUCYCLEMINDED IFSO,CALLANDSEEOUR FINERANGE. EASIESTOFTERMS.

From10s.DepositandSs.Weekly. Youwillbejustthatfractionfaster onaFLYINGARROW,theBench BuiltCycle. 'PhoneW1574.

AWestIndiannegro,from Martinique,wasinPariswhen thecitywasoccupiedbythe GermanslastJune.Heleftwith manyothersandwentfrom placetoplacewiththedistractedrefugees.Anaccountofhis Odysseyappearedseveral monthslaterin"LaCroix"with manydeletionsbythecensor. Hissimple,objectivestory givesanillustratingpictureof anxiousdays.Thedirectionof thejourneydescribedwasalmostduesouth.

breakfasthourandweateabundantly. Thenwewaited.Twohours,three hours,andourtrainwasstillthere. Weenquiredatthestationandwere toldthatnomoretrainsweregoing. Thenanalarmwassounded,andwe heardthatthetrainwhichhadjust lefthadbeenbombarded.Itooktothe roadagain,leavingbehindmysupplies thatweretooheavytocarry.OnleavingthecityIwasroughlyquestioned byalieutenantwhotookmeforan Arabandaskedtoseemypapers.At lengthImanagedtogoontowards Gien. TheroadwaslongfromNlontargisto Gien.Howevertherewasnotimeto delay,fortheGermanswereonour heels.Themerethoughtofbeingovertakenbythemredoubledourenergy. ThreetimesIdroppedexhaustedatthe sideoftheroad,buteachtimeIgot sufficientstrengthtogoonagain. Towards2.0o'clockinthemorning Iwasattheendofmystrength.Ilay downtosleepinaditch,andafteran hourgotupagainandwenton.Then beganmyCalvary.MyfeetwereswollenandchafedandIcouldbarely walk.ThenIhadtohelpapoormothertopushherbaby-cart.Thismade meforgetmysufferingsforatime,but thepainwassuchthatIcouldnotgo onlong.Gienappearedinthedistance buttheminutesseemedhours.Itwas cold,Ihadnothingtodrink.Ibegged alittlewinebutonlygotwater.Nevertheless1wenton,pickingmywaywith difficultyamongthecarsthathadbeen broughttoastopbytheconfusionon theroad.Justoutsidethetownwesaw pitifulsights,aswomenintears crowdedaboutsomeofficersbegging fornewsoftheirhusbands Atlast wegotin,andquenchedourthirstin acellarwhereciderwasflowingin streams.Thenwewenttothestation. Thesamedisappointment.Notrain, forGientoowasalreadyevacuated Thenwemovedtothesouthernendof thecitywherewesawthesaddestof spectacles;onewholedistrictinflames. ItstretchedalongtheLoire,whichhad neverseemedsoplacid.Corpseswere scatteredontheground.Amongthem werethebodiesofchildren

Wehurriedovertheriverwhilethe bridgeswereblownuparoundusand distractedwomensearchedfortheir husbandsandchildrenwhohaddisappeared.

ThaPeasants.

About1100w-enteredLaBrisscn, asmallvillagebuiltonaslopedominatedbyasuperbcastle. Wefound theresomepeasantshoundtcthe,oi! whohadnofearofinvasion.Their browswerewrinkledandtheyhadan anxiouslook,buttheyspokewordsof encouragement:otherefugees.A youngwomanwithtear-stainedeyes stoppedmetosaythatshehadsome cider.Iwenttoherhomeandfound otherrefugeestherewhotoldme acrosstheroadtherewasplentyof wine.Iwentthe-e.Threelargecasks withwinespillngfromthemintothe cellar.Therewasnoonetodrinkit. OutsideImetexhaustedwomenwith childrenthatkeptonrepeatingandrepeating:"Idon'twanttodie I don'twanttodie."Itriedtorestrain mytears.Furthervotherchild]cn werebeggingth,irmotherforbread. butshe,likeeveryoneelse,had:lathingexceptwiletogivthornThen withoutincidentwep,..seIth)igh 13riare,BonnyandCosne.

Forfourdayswehadnotwashedand hadsleptontheground.Itwasa tramp'slife,withdangersaddedtoit.

Bourges

Wearrivedatlastatthecommercial cityofBourges.Therewefoundsomethingtodrink,butnothingtoeat, evenifwecouldpayforit.Wewere toldthattrainsweregoingtoleave, andtherewasarushtothestation. Thecarriageswerestormed,peoplefought,andtherewaschaosbeyond description.Wehadbeendeceived.We weretoldtogetoutofthetrainsand leavethestation.Therewasmoaning,weepingandshouting.Thenwewent tothehugerefugeesheltersestablish. edintheschoolsofthetown.There wefoundsimilarconfusion,butatleast itwaspossibletoliedowninacorner andgo tired.tosleep,becauseeveryonewas

At2.00inthemorningIleftBourges, whereIfeltcompletelywithoutshelter, thoughitwasanopentown.Iwent towardsitlontlucon.Aftertwohours IrealisedthatIwasontheroadto Issoudunandinthedangerzone,butI wentonnonetheless..AtnoonI reachedSt.Florent,whereIbought sandalsbecauseIcouldnolongerbear thepainofmyshoes.Followingmyregularcustomofneverstoppingina villageoreveninanopentowntosleep oreat,Iwentouttwohundredmetresbeyondthetowntoeatbesideaspring. Ihadhardlybegunwhenasquadron ofGermanplanesappearedinthesky above. Theanti-aircraftgunsre- plied Bombsfellaround.People nearmebecamepanicstrickenandrushedaway,onlytobekilledalittle fartheroff.Iremainedandcontinued toeatheartilyandthedangerpassed. Iwenton,pleasedtohaveescapeddeath.Buttherespitewasbrief.On ourarrivalatIssoudun,theattackwas resumedinrealearnest.Forthefirst timeIfeltfear,forIwasinthemiddle ofthetown.Ihidbehindatreeandre- mainedtheretillthebombardmentwas over.ThenIcrossedthecity,andofficersstoppedmeandIhadtoprove myidentity.Besidemeayoungman droppeddead.AsIwentawayfrom Issoudunshellswerestillexploding andtimebombs,whichclaimedmany victims.

Onthefollowingdaywegottothe BlackValley,madefamousbythe novelsofGeorgeSand.Wetookthe opportunityofgettingafurthersup- plyofdriedfruit,ouronlyfoodnow.

AfterSt.Amand,Maron.Theroadto Maronisnotsurfacedandthedust raisedbythetrafficfilledtheairand madethedistrictuninhabitable.There weremanycarcassesofhorsesbesidetheroad.Thehorseswhichwerestill livingwerenibblingthegrass.Isuffer- edagonyfromthirstandcouldget nothingtodrinkexceptsourwineto

189ROKEBYROADSIJBLAGO. W.KELL,Proprietor.

Inthislast-namedtown,whichis alsobesidetheLoire.,abridge;led beenbombardedbytheItalianswho smashedbothendsofit,leavingcut offinthemiddleacertainnnmberof refugees.Theweatherwhichhadbeen consistentlyglorioussinceourdeparture,helpedusonourjourney.Itseemedasifnaturewhichwasatits brightestwascastingdefianceatthe war.Butourconditionwaswretched.

whichthecountrypeoplegivethedelightfulnameof"bitteredwine."BitterasitwasIswallowediteagerly. AfterMacon,LaChatre,wherethe townsfolkhastilybarricadedtheentrancesandmadegunopeningsinthe walls.Itbegantorain.Nomoresleep. ingintheopenair,Thefarmhouses wereinvaded.Twooutofthreeof thefarmersrefusedshelter Distrust.

Mostpeopleweresuspiciousofme, allthemoresobecauseIwastinshavenanddirty.Ihadtoshowmy identitypaperstoreassurethem.In theendIwasreceivedhospitablybya farmerandhisfamilywhomademe forgetallmyhumiliations.Theirname wasRoux.HowcanIeverforget them!

WeleaveLaChatreforNeuvy,still incompanywithacolumnofmilitary withtanksandheavyguns.Beforewe reachNeuvytherewasanincident. ThreeSenegalesesoldierswenttowards abaker'sshopwhichwasashortdistancefromtheroad.Thebaker'swife seeingthemclosedthedoorandbolted it.OneoftheBlackstookacoinfrom hispocketandthedooropened Onecanimaginethehardshipswhich theAfricansoldiershadtoendure, particularlybecauseoftheirignorance oftheFrenchlanguage.

AfterleavingNeuvyamanwitha carttowhomIofferedsomewinelet meputmyrugonhiscart.Alittle afterhetrickedmebygoingoffwith myproperty.Ishiveredduringthe night.NextmorningatdawnasI wentonIsawatentatthesideofthe roadandfoundanotherrugthere.

Afterhavingbeenonfootforseven daysandhavingcovered300kilometersIreachedCluis,alittletowninthe departmentofIndre,justontheborderofCreuse.Thedistrictisnotrich butithas,inadditionto-aviaduct500 metreslongand55metreshigh,the (ConcludedonPage19.)

Moll4=1,04M.111100-4MINM=04=1.04M1.0.M14.!..

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A.C.A.

P.LAIRD Kellerberrin

R.A.C.Foreman'sandI.A.M.Certificate.

STATIONFORDODGE,CHEVROLET,FORDCARSAND TRUCKS.GENERALREPAIRS,BORING,BATTERYCHARGING.

LentenRegulationsfor1941

SUMMARYOFTHEREGULATIONSFORFASTAND ABSTINENCE.

1.OnFASTdays,thoseboundtofastareallowedone fullmealatmid-dayorintheevening.Inaddition,theyare allowedtwolightmeals-oneofabouteightounces,andthe otheroftwoorthreeounces.Anykindoffood,andhence evenfleshmeat,maybeusedatallthreemealsprovided,at thetwosmallmeals,thelimitofeightandtwoorthree ouncesrespectivelybenotexceeded.

2.OnABSTINENCEdays,fleshmeatandmeatsoupare forbidden.

3.Lardanddrippingmaybeusedondaysofabstinence, providedtheybeusedmerelyasacondimentorseasoning.

4.Friday,unlessitbeaHolidayofObligation,isaday ofabstinence.

5.Ash'WednesdayandtheFridaysinLentandEmber weeksare(laysoffastandabstinence.

6.Mondays,Tuesdays,Wednesdays,ThursdaysandSaturdaysinLent,andtheWednesdaysandSaturdaysinQuarterTensearedaysoffastwithoutabstinence.

7.ThereisnofastorabstinenceonSundaysorHolidays ofobligation.

8.St.Patrick'sDayisexemptfromfast;ifitfallsona Friday,itisnotexemptfromtheabstinence.

9.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirseventhyearare boundbythelawofabstinence.

10.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirtwenty-firstyearare boundbythelawoffasting;theyceasetobeboundbyitwhen theyhavebeguntheirsixtiethyear.

11.Thosewhoareindelicatehealth.orwhoareengaged inexhaustingwork,arenotboundtofast.Ofcourse,those whoareseriouslyillarenotboundbyeitherfastorabstinence.

12.OnthedaysmentionedinNo.6,thosewhoarenotbound (ofastarenotlimitedbythelaweitherastothequalityor quantityofthefoodtheywishtotake.

13.TheLentenFastandAbstinenceceaseatnoonon HolySaturday.

-ati-enturgevichitivi, ArchbishopofPerth.

CroatiaCatholicfor1300Years

ThirteencenturiesagotheCroatians wentfromtheupperVistulaRiverregions,attackedtheAvers,andtook possessionoftheoldRomanprovince ofDalmatiawithapartoftheIllyric andPanonia.Theyestablishedtheir independentgovernmentundertheir ownrulerandsettledintheland wheretheyliveto-day.

PopeJohnIV,aDalmatianbybirth, sentasaintlyAbbotMartinasafirst missionarytotheCroats,whoembracedChristianityreadily.TheCatholicreligionbecamepartofCroatiannationallifeandhasremainedsotothe presentday.

ThefirstKingofCroatiawasTomislav,crownedin925andinthereigns ofZvonimirandPeterKresimir ChurchandStatebecamefirmlyestablished.Nativerulersreigneduntil 1102,whenthelast,PeterSvacic,died indefenceofhiscountry,andCroatia offeredthecrowntoKingCalomarof Hungary.FromthattimeCroatia becamea"fieldoftheblood"because ofcontinualattacksofenemiesand neighbours.FinallytheTurkstook three-fifthsofthelandandreignedfor 400years,bringingmoralandmaterial destructiontoCroatia.

DuringthereignofCroatianrulere theChurchflourished.IntheFourteenthCenturytherewerethreearchbishopricsand17diocesesinCroatia, eachSeehavinganaverageof450parishesinadditiontochaptersandcollegiatechurches.ReligiousOrders Pro,pered,especiallytheKnightsof St.John,whoexertedgreatinfluence uponthepeople,andtheOrderofSt. Benedict.Themissalwastranslated intoCroatianandstillisinuseinCroatia.To-daythereare20diocesesand 23Bishops.

SS.AugustKozotica,MarkoKrizevacandHozanaareamongCroatia's heroesandstepsarenowbeingtaken forthecanonisationofSt.Nicholas Tavilich,whoshedhisbloodforhis faithinJerusalemin1391.

To-dayCroatia,SloveniaandSerbia formonegovernment,butthe4,000,000 Croatiansaspiretoagreatermeasure ofautonomy.-NCWC.

PATRIARCHOFJERUSALEM.

NotRestrictedbyBritishAuthorities. VaticanCity. Contrarytoreportspublishedin othernewspapers,"OsservatoreRomano"hasbeenadvisedthatHisExcellencytheMostRev.LuigiBarlas.sina,PatriarchofJerusalem,ofItalian nationality,isnotbeingmolestedand iscontinuingfreelyinthefunctionsof hissacredministryandthedevelopmentofhismissioninthefieldentrustedtohiscare.

Theinformationstatesthatthezeal andcharityofthePatriarch4wegreatlyappreciatedbytheauthof'itiesin Palestineandbyallclassesofthe people.-NCWC.

S.BEECROFT-Butcher

181RokebyRoad,Subiaco.

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PrimeFreshKilledMeatSold. 'PhoneW1373.

AllKeenHousewivesMEATat BONNY'S MT.HAWTHORN'SLEADING BUTCHER, PromptDeliveriesDaily. 'Phone134333,orcallat 414OXFORDSTREET.

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N.S.W. OPTOMETRIST.

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ONEofthecharactersinDouglas Jerrold's"StormOverEur6pe ismadetoremark:"Ittakes couragetoinflictsuffering,farmore couragethantoendureit Ihave knowntoomuchoflifetobelievethat anythingworthwhilecanbegained withoutsuffering.Therearenoshort cutstosalvation "Thewordsare putintothemouthofthePrincewho hastotakethegravedecisionof plunginghiscountryintocivilwar,becauseheisconvincedthatonlythat waycanthefreedomofthehuman spiritbevindicatedagainsttheperniciousliberalismthatwoulddestroy alltheultimatevalues.Itisasentimentthatweall,inourshallowhumanitarianisb,wouldgladlyreject.Yet, inthispresentmoment,whenweareall beingcalledupontosufferand,still more,toinflictsuffering,topermitthe extensionofsufferingtoevermore andmorefamiliesandgroupsofmen, womenandchildren,itisasentiment thatwemustfaceandapprove.Itembodies,afterall,themysteryofthe Cross.

Muchisbeingsaidandwrittenfor andagainstthetheorythatthiswaris awarfor"Christiancivilisation"mostofitsuperficialorirrelevant.On theonehand,weareaskedtolookat thehistoryoftheChristianChurches underNazirule,atthestoryofpropertysequestrated,andpriestsand ministerspersecutedandtortured.In suchabattle,itissuggested,canwe doubtthatwearefightingforthe sacredcauseofChristianity?Theargumentwouldcarrygreaterweightifit couldbeshownthatitwasprecisely thewrongdonetothecauseofChrist thatledustowar,orifourleaders andourpopulationatlargeshowed deeperappreciationofanyChristian issues.WhenLordHalifaxspeaksin theauthenticaccentsofChristian statesmanship,whilstmany,itistrue, welcomehiswords,notafewaretobe foundinclinedtosneer.Ontheother hand,theconscientiousobjectorand thepacifistpleadthatwaristhevery stultificationofChristianity,andthat anyclaimtobefightingforChristian civilisation"istantamounttocasting outthedevilofforcebytheBeelzebub ofgreaterforce.Theyforgetorignoretheplainfactthattostandby idlywhilstwrongisbeingdoneisto condonethewrong.Andsothesterile debategoeson,mentakingsidesaccordingtotheirtemperamentalvagariesratherthaninthelightoftheabidingChristiantruths.

Oneofthedifficultiesthatstandin thewayofaclearvisionofthetruth isthefactthatweareall,toagreater orlessdegree,materialistic.Wesum uptheultimaterightsandwrongsofa situationintermsofsecularpoliticsor someotherpurelyhumanstandard.We aresoapttothinkthatGod'splans aretoreachtheirfinalconsummation onthisearth,forgettingthatourtrue citizenshipisinHeaven.Thereisalot of"Dawnism"inourChristianity.But theonlydawnthattheChurchcelebratesisEaster,whichcomesafter Calvary.Theonlypledgeofvictory thatsheblessesisthesignoftheCross.

Andtherefore,thoseamongstuswho areconcernedwiththeChristianissues underlyingthepresentconflictand who,naturallyenough,arepeeringinto thefuturewonderingwhatitmay bring,willdowelltoattemptforourselvessomesolutionofthismystery oftheCoss.Andthefirstthingtorecalltoourmindsistheabsoluteassurancewehaveofultimatevictory.

"Intheworldyoushallhavetribulation;buthaveconfidence:Ihaveovercometheworld."Yetwemustalso recallthatOurLordspokethewords whenHewasactuallyonHiswayto sufferinganddeath.Inotherwords,the victoryHepromisesisnoeasytriumph overarmedforce.AlthoughHedeclaredthatHecould,ifHesowished,summontoHisaidmorethantwelvelegionsofangels;althoughHedemonstratedthat,unarmedasHewas,He wieldedapowermightierthanany sword;Hesubmittedtotheimmediate threatofforce,onlytoriseagain, triumphant,whenallthepowersofthis worldhaddonetheirutmostagainst Him. Yet,hedidsufferandHediddie -sufferedanddiedasmento-dayare sufferinganddying.ThroughHis sufferinganddeathHeredeemedthe world.Maywenotbelievethattheir sufferinganddeatharenotwithout theirvalueintheredemptionofour modernworld?Anditishere,it wouldseem,thatsomanyfailtoappreciatetheinnermeaningofthepresentconflict.Ontheonehand,the cheerfuljingoistseesitintermsofa meretrialofstrength,ofacomparisonbetweenthemeritsoftheBritish NavyandtheItalianandGerman navalforces,ofademonstrationofthe superiorityofBritishcourageandBritishskillasevincedbytheR.A.F.over

GrossVersusSwasti

thequalitiesoftheLuftwaffe.Onthe otherhand,therearethosewhocan onlyseethehorrorandthebloodshed andthesuffering,asthoughthesewere newfactorsinman'slife.Andweare all,Christiansornot,liabletotake uponeorotheroftheseattitudesaccordingtoourtemperamentoreducation.Whatwemusttrytodoisto seehowboththeseaspectsarepartial andincompleterepresentationsofa truthwhichisbigenoughtocontain themboth.

ASignpost.

Asusual,Chestertonhaspointedthe waytothewholetruth."Thecross, thoughithasatitsheartacollision andacontradiction,canextendits fourarmsforeverwithoutalteringits shape.Becauseithasaparadoxinits centreitcangrowwithoutchanging Thecrossopensitarmstothefour winds.Itisasignpostforfreetravellers.-AndthereforetheChristianwill bepreparedforperplexitiesandcontradictions.Hewillnotexpectafacile solutionofthisheart-breakingproblem. Hewillsuspectboththejingoistand thepacifist-thejingoistwhoromanticisesfar,forgettingthatthestakes ofwararehumanlives;thepacifist whoshrinksfromwar,forgettingthat thealternative,whilstimmediately morecomfortable,isinthelongrun notlessbutmoredegradingtothe humanspirit.

Thatis,almostliterally,thecruxof thematter.Wehavetofindasolution whichdoesjustice,notonlytothe humanitarianideasofthepacifist,but alsotowhatevermaybevalidinthe viewofthepatriot.Andthesolution istobefoundpreciselyintheCross ofChrist,intheChristianviewoflife. Forthepacifistisrightinsofarashe ispleadingfortheexerciseofthe Christianvirtuesofunselfishnessand charityandhumility;insofar,,thatis tosay,asheisarguingthattheabidinggoodofmankindwillbebrought intobeingonlywhenmenhavelearnt thatitisbettertogivethantoreceive, andthatinasmuchasfearalmostinvariablyspringsfromselfishnessand hatredofothermenitisirreconcilable withtheNewLawofuniversalbrotherhood.Thepacifisttakeshisstand ontherightsofman.

Butso,inajustwar,doesthepatriot.Heiswrongofcoursewhenever heexaltswarassomethinggoodin itself,justasthepacifistiswrongin declaringwartobemorallyevilin itself.War,aswar,isaregrettable necessity-likeratpoisonorcapital punishment.Ifwecouldtrainour ratstobecomeeconomicallyusefuland couldprevailonpotentialhomicidesto controlthemselves,weshouldnolongerneedtoresorttoextrememeasure. Norshouldweneedtogotowar,to perfectthetechniqueofslaughterona largescale,ifmenwereuniversallypreparedtolistentoreason,toputinto effecttheprinciplesoftheSermonon theMount.ButjustasthenewChristianitywouldrewritetheSermonon theMountandomitthepassagesthat threatenthesanctionsofGod,sothe newhumanitarianismwouldliketo pretendthatmankindcanbeswayed whollybytheappealtoitsbetternature.Unfortunatelyitisnottrue. ''Whenastrongmanarmedkeepethhis house...''Therightsofmanwillonly besafesolongasmanispreparedto defendhisrights.

And,intheend,therightsofman willbesafeonlysolongasmanispreparedtodefendtherightsofGod.For "thecauseofGodandthecauseofman areone,"asChristopherDawsonso wellremindsus.Butthecauseofman isnotphysicalwell-beinginthisworld, howevermuchwemayliketothinkit is.Thecauseofmanishisperfection asaman,asaspiritualbeingwithan immortaldestiny,tobewonatthe priceofstruggleinthislife,struggle againsttheforcesofevilthatwould underminethewholestructureofman himself,struggleagainstGod'senemies -theenemiesofallthatishighestand bestinhumanlife,struggleagainstthe tempetationtothinkthatanyhuman purposeorplancanhaveanymeaning exceptinsofarasitisreferredto God'spurposeandGod'splan.

TheSpiritualIssue.

Inasense,therefore,thepurelypoliticalaspectofthepresentconflictis entirelyirrelevant.Infact,frommonth tomonth,thepurelypoliticalaspect changessoviolentlyastomakeus wonderifwecananylongercallitthe samestruggle.Itisnotwithoutsignificancethat,inspiteofacertainagitationtothatend,wenolongerfeelthat thereisanypurposetobeservedin

promulgatingour"peaceaims."At themoment,itistrue,wearesimply fightingforourlives;andthatisa whole-timejob.Butitisalsotrue thatwefeelthatthepurelypolitical settlementtobebroughtaboutafter thewarisoffarlesssignificancethan theimmediatespiritualissuewhichis beingsettled.Letusmakenomistake aboutthat.Itisnotmerelyaquestion of"Christiancivilisation"inthesense ofthatorderofsocialandethicalprincipleswhichhavesurvivedthebreakdownofChristianbelief-forthatsurelyisallthattheaverageBritishstatesmancanmeanwhenhetalksabout "Christianity."Whatisbeingbrought aboutbythiswarisagrowthinthe fearofGod-thebeginningofwisdom. Thatmayseemtobeanover-optimistic,oramerelyfutile,estimate,accordingtotaste.Butitseemstohave abasisofreason.Itisderived,not fromthefactthatmoreandmorepeoplearetobefoundwilling,eveneager, topray,togotochurch,toseethe handofGodinthisorthatdeliverance; butfromthedeepercircumstancesof thesituation.Itisderivedfromthe plaintruththatGodhasallowedthis de-Christianisedbutstillnotwholly evilcountryofourstoseethelogical outcomeofitsowntendency.Forthe Naziphilosophyofdestructionanddespairisonlythelogicaloutcomeof thosedifferentGodlesssystemsthat menhavesoughttoerectuponthe ruinsofChristianbelief.Thisrealisationmaybehardlyexplicitinthevast majorityofourfellow-countrymen. Theymayseeinthisbattlelittlemore thananotherofthelonglistofEuropeanWars.Thathardlymatters.What isofimportanceisthatanyonewho thinksmustseethat"therebutfor thegraceofGodIgo."Oncedeny,as inpracticesomanyofthemdiddeny, thattheimportanceoftheindividual soulissomethingtranscendingallpoliticaloreconomicconsiderations;once baseyour"democracy"onpurelyhumanitarianormerelytraditionalsentiment;oncerefusetoadmitthatthe onlyultimatecriterionofconductis God'slaw;andyouhaveopenedthe doortoanyextremeoftotalitarian crueltyandpaganism.

Andnow,bythegraceofGod,we arefightingthethingthatwewere ourselvesindangerofbecoming.And whatismore,itisbeingfoughtinsuch circumstancesthatwearebeingcompelled,asitwereinspiteofourselves, torepeatthestoryofGedeon."And theLordsaidtoGedeon:Thepeople thatarewiththeearemany,andMadianshallnotbedeliveredintotheir hands:lestIsraelshouldgloryagainst me,andsay:Iwasdeliveredbymyownstrength."OnebyoneourAllies havebeenweakenedandtheirstrength takenfromthemandfromus.Wetalk muchoftheresourcesoftheEmpire andoftheUnitedStates;buttheyare slowtodevelop.Meanwhilethestorm hasbrokenoverourheads.Andwe faceitwithconfidence-confidencein theR.A.F.andtheBritishNavy,it mayhe,butconfidencebasedonsomethinglesstangibleyetnotlessreal.lro thoseunaccustomedtothinkingmuch ofGod,ithardlycomesnaturalto speakofconfidenceinGod.Butitis certainlyconfidenceinsomethingthat isnotofthisworld;itmaywellbe thenearestapproachtoGodthatmany amanandwomaninthisislandhas yetexperienced. Confidence.

Suchisthesenseofthiswar.We arefightingsimplybecauseweretain sufficientdecencyandsufficienthopeto

realisethatnottofightistoconfess thatthereisnothingworthfightingfor. Ifwearenotpreparedtofightthis thing,whatarewepreparedtofight?It wouldnotevenmatterifthesuggestionweretruethatwehavebeen "tricked"intoawartodefendCapitalism,Money,Privilegeandallthe anetiAntu1!`s2u!utrpaqsi!uiisai beenthoughtofbysomeassucha war.Itmaystillbethoughtofinthat waybythefewwhoaresoblindedby wealthastobeabletoseethingsonly intermsofmoney.Butthegreatmass ofthepeople,thosemotherswhogive theirsonsandhusbands,thosemen whogivetheirlives,theirhealth,their homes,allthesearenotdeceived. Thereisadeepcertaintyintheirhearts thatnopricecanbetoohightopurchasethatthingwhichmenvaguely call"freedom,"butwhichisinreality thesacredtruththanmanisacreature whoseexistenceisnottobereckoned intermsofthisworld.ImmanuelKant expresseditbysayingthatmanisnot tobetreatedasameansbutasanend. ThemodernGermanphilosophyhas arrivedatthediametricallyopposite truththatman'swholemeaningisto beameans-ameanstotheconstructionoftheonlyend-in-itself,theallpowerfulState.

Andsoitisalmostuncannilyfitting thattheGermanstateshouldhave chosenasitsemblemthatcaricature oftheCrossofChrist-theHakenkreuz.WheretheCrossofChrist teachesthelessonofillimitablefreedom,theswastikareturnsuponitself inacrampedandcrampingself-stultification.IntheCrosstheuprightbeam linksearthwithheaven,andthecrossbeamreachesouttoembracemankind. Theswastikahangssuspendedinmidair,spurningearthanddenyingheaven; itsarmsturnbackuponthemselves, emptyandfutile.Inthe"collisionand contradiction"oftheCross,justiceand peacehaveembraced.Thejustman, whoispreparedtofightforjustice, knowsthatthroughjusticecomes peace;themanofpeacewhocherishes thatblessingaboveallotherthings, knowsthatthetimemaycomewhen, indefenceevenofpeace,warmustbe endured.Inthetangleoftheswastika thereisnothingtomakeitcleartoman whatcoursehemustpursue-theclean downwardstrokeofthesword-bladeor thewide-armedgestureofpeaceand reconcilliation.

WebeganbyspeakingofthemysteryoftheCross.Bythatwemeanthe fundamentalparadoxofcreationthat lifecomesthroughdeath,joythrough suffering,victorythroughdefeat. Therefore,whateverwemayyethave toendureinthiswar,ofsuffering, deathanddefeat,wearenotdisturbed.Thesethingsaretheaccidents,the incidents,thesurface-eventsofexperience;atitsheartistriumph,joy,life. Buttheseprofoundtruths,implicitas theyareinthepresentsituation,can herenderedexplicitonlytothosewho haveeyestosee.Weneednotthereforexpectthat,withoutanyefforton ourownpart,thewarislikelytoproduceamoreorlessautomaticreturn toreligion.Butwhatistrue,surely, isthatthepresentcircumstancesaffordanopportunity,unparalleledsince thedaysoftheReformation,perhaps unparalleledsincetheDarkAges,for Christianstobringotherstoaknow. ledgeofthetruth.

Letus,then,turnoureyestothe visionofGod,workzngHismysterious willinthesedarkdays,sothatwe mayhelpothers,too,tothatEternal Life,whichistheknowledgeofthe one,trueGod,andJesusChristwhom Hehassent.

(ByThomasCornishley,S.J.,inthe "Month").

APilgrimagetoCalvary

Theseextractsaretakenfromthe letterofaPerthmemberofthe nowservingintheMiddleEast.The writerisnotaCatholic.

FRIDAYmorning,asIawoke, broughtmeastrangethrillof excitementsuchasIhavenever quitefeltbefore,forwasnotthismy dayofdays.HowoftenhaveIread thehistoriesofthepilgrimagestothe HolyLand,JerusalemandBethlehem, forwhichallgoodChristianhearts mustholdatenderplace;andnowI wasabouttorealisealong-cherished dreamandvisitthesetwoholycities. Itstillseemedincredible,toogoodto betrue,andyetitreallywasgoingto takeplace,soIarosewithaprayerin myheartandasongonmylips,giving thankstoHimforallHisgreatgoodness.

Themorningseemedtodraginterminably,yetatlastthetimecameand Ijoinedtheotherswhoweretodrive toTheCity.Finallywhentheofficer inchargewasready(howIwishedhe wouldbequicker),IstartedthejourneythatIwillneverforgettomy dyingday.Throughtheplainswe drove,passingArabvillagesandfresh greenorchardswhichspringuphere andthereintheplains,drawingnearer andnearertothehillsthatsurround theCity.Climbinghigherandhigher webegintoseehillsfleckedwitholive trees;howsomeofthemgrowinthat rockylandstillamazesme.Through valleys,overhills,wespedtillatlast wecametotheroadsrunningthrough thehills,theSevenSisters,which broughtustothefaroutskirtsofJerusalem.Thetortuousroadsareone tangledmassofhairpinbends,giving thedrivereveryopportunityofshowinghisdexterityinhandlingthecar.

Thecountrysidegrewmorefascinatingaswewenton,pastthehillwhere theArkoftheCovenantrestedforfour years,nowcrownedwithabeautiful monasteryabovewhichagigantic' statueoftheVirginandtheChild looksdownonallwhopass,seeming bestowakindlyblessing.Onastill windingroad,moreolives,andmore housesnow,untilwefoundourselvesin thenewcitybuiltaroundthewallsof theold.

Wehadsetoutataboutaquarterto one,anditwasalmosthalf-pastthree whenwereachedourhotel.

AsIcameintothestreet,Isawa smallprocessionwindingitswaytothe JaffaGate.Afileofchildrentended bytwooftheSistersofCharitywere goingtotheHolySepulchretopray,as itwasthedayoftheFeastofAll Saints.TheSistersofCharityare

easilydistinguishedbythelarge whitehead-dress,whichhastheappearanceofanoversizeDutchcap, whiteandstifflystarched.

AsIstoodtalking,theydisappeared fromsight,andsoIsetoff,dragging oneofmycompanionswithme,to visittheSepulchre,thefirststageof mypilgrimage.Poorfellow,I'mafraid thatbythetimewewerereadytoreturntocamphewasthoroughlybored atthesightofaChurch.However, insidethegateandintotheoldCity Iledthewayandstoppedtoaskthe waytothePlaceofCrucifixion.The firstpersonIaskedwishedtotakeme tohisPersianrugstore,butasIsaid veryfirmlythatIhadnodesirewhatsoevertogazeatPersianrugsatthe moment,butwantedtovisittheSepulchre,heappointedhimselfourguide. Offthroughafewlittlebackalleyshe fled,wetwohotinpursuit,andina fewminuteswearrivedbythisshort cutattheentranceoftheTempleof theSepulchre.

HowshallIdescribemyfeelingsas IenteredinthatHolyPlace.JustinsidethedooristheStoneofUnction, wherelovinghandstendedthebodyof OurSaviour,bathedHiswounds,and preparedHimforthetomb.Thewhole buildingseemedfilledwiththebreath ofagesandasIknelttoprayIfelta surgeofwondroushappinessthatI hadbeenallowedtomakeapi!gr::nage suchasothershaysmade*roughthe centuriespast.

Twoservicesweretaking elsewhereintheTemple,oneGreekOrtho. doxandtheothertheArmenianservice.Idiscoveredlaterthatallthe churchesofantiquityhereareshared bythevariousdenominations,withservicesofdifferentchurchesbeingheld indifferentparts,atthesametime.

Notmanyyardstotherightofthe StonestairsintherockleaduptoCalvary.AfterafewminutestheGreek servicecametoacloseandImounted thestairstoseethePlaceofCrucifixion.TheGreekChurchhasits altarabovetheholeintherockwhere theCrossofAgonyoncestood,and eachside,justbehind,aretheholesof theblackcrosseswherethetwoothers diedinshame.Notfartotheright ofthisistheplacewheretheynailed HimtoHiscross,anditistherethat theCatholicshavetheiraltar.

Betweenthesetwostationsisthe famousbustoftheMadonna.The BlessedMaryeverVirginstoodonthis spotneartheCross,andsawtheagoniesofherdyingSon,asshewaitedfor theSupremeSacrifice.Thisbustof theVirginisbedeckedwithovertwo millionpoundsworthofgoldandjewellery,giftsofpilgrimsthroughoutthe years.Princes,Kings,Queens,millionairesandothershavecomewith EXTRAORDINARY

preciousgifts.Somehavegonewithoutnecessitiesoflifeforyearstobring agiftforthetempleandlayitonthe effigyoftheMotherofOurLord.

AvenerablepriestoftheGreek Churchshowedmeall,andfromhimI learnedthatmostofthechurchesof antiquityherewerebuiltbyQueen Helena,themotheroftheEmperor Constantine,justaboutfourhundred yearsafterChrist.Many,ormostof them,werepartlydestroyedbythe Saracens,butwererebuiltandrepaired bytheCrusaders.

LeavingCalvary,Inextpaidmy homagetotheTomboverwhicha shrineisnowbuilt.Thedoorwayinto theTombisverysmall,andIhadto bendlowtoenter,butasIenteredI feltthatIshouldhavecrawledrather thanwalkedtothisdearspot.Hundreds,perhapsthousands,visitthe Sepulchreeachday,anditwasindeed wonderfultometoseethepeoplewho cametoprayandasIleftIknew thatIwouldreturn.

Themorningwasquitewetandcold, acompletechangefromtheprevious day,butitinnowaymarredthe beautyofthedayforus.Wedrove outthroughthevalleyofEphraim whereDavidfoughtagainstthePhilistines,andbeforelongwecametothe "pooloftheMagi."Thestorywas thatafterthethreewisemen,ormagi, leftHerodandwerewindingtheirway toBethlehem,theylostsightofthe star.Onstoppingatthewelltodrink andtowatertheircamels,theylooked intothewellandtheretheysawthe starreflectedinthewaterandsofound itagain.

Theotherplaceofinterestonthis roadisthetombofRachel,belovedof Jacob,andforwhomheworkedfor fourteenyears.Thesesightswe glimpsedinpassing,asIforonewas anxioustoreachthetownoftheNativity.Itisonlyabouttenminutes' drivefromJerusalem,somydesires werequicklyfulfilled.

TheChurchofNativitywasalso builtbyQueenHelena,anddesecrated bytheSaracenswhouseditasstables. RestoredbytheCrusaders,itisindeed amemorableplace.Theroof,itappears,caughtfirenotmanyyearsago, andwasrestoredbyKingEdwardthe Fourth.Themainhallisusedbythe Greekandotherorthodoxchurches, whiletheCatholicshaveabeautiful churchontheleft,andinwhosetower aretheChristmasbellsofBethlehem, whichwerebroadcasttotheworld twoyearsago.Downbelowinthe crypttheGreekMasswasbeingcelebrated,andasIstoodonthestepsI smelttheairheavilyladenwithincense,andsawthepriestsswingingtne incenseburnersasistheritualofthat particularcreed.Iwentuptothe MassintheCatholicchurch,andlistenedtoabeautifulorganandthe sweetvoicesofthechoristers.When IreturnedtothecrypttherewasanotherMassbeingcelebratedthere.

Ourguidetookusdownandshowed usthecaveoftheinnocents,whereall thedeadchildrenwerethrownafter Herod'scruelmassacre,thecavewhere St.JeromespentalongtimetranslatingtheBiblefromHebrewtoLatin andotherlanguages,andthecave wheretheangelofGodwarnedJoseph tofleefromthependingtragedy.

Aboutfiftyyardsupthestreetfrom theNativityChurchcanbeseenthe milkgrotto,whereitisbelievedthe MotherrestedtofeedtheChild,and thecavewheretheyhidforonenight. ThisshrineiscaredforbytheBrotherhoodofSt.FrancisofAssisi,whohave beenknownforcenturiesastheGuardiansoftheHolyLand.Thisbrotherhoodhasneversinceitsinception here,beforetheHolyWarsoftheCrusades,leftPalestine.EventhebutcheringoftheSarecensleftthemunmoved,andunlikethesectsthey stayed,heedlessoftheirowndanger, throughoutthewarsofcenturiesthat followed.

ThewomenofthetownwearaheaddresspeculiartoBethlehem,ahigh whitehead-dress,arelicoftheCrusaderssoitissaid.

Leavingthechurch,Iwenttoalittlestorequiteclosebytobuysome souvenirsofmyvisit.AtthisstoreI watchedmencarvingmother-of-pearl shellimportedfromAustralia,whichis usedforcoveringBiblesandmaking souvenirs.Ratherthanmother-ofpearl,IchoseseveralTestamentsanda Bible,whosecoversweremadeofpol- ishedolivewood,andemblazonedwith theCrossofJerusalem,ortheCrusaders'Cross.

WenextvisitedGethsemaneandthe MountofOlives.Inthepreesntgar- denthereareleftonlyeightvenerable olivetreeswhichfromtheiragewere growingtherewhenChristwalkedin thegarden.TheGethsemaneChurch, orasitisbetterknown,"TheChurch ofAllNations,"isperhapstheloveliest ofallchurches.Originallybuiltby QueenHelena,ithasbeenrebuiltseveraltimesandisnowthepropertyof theBrothersofSt.Francis.The domesoftheChurchareallbeautifully workedinmosaic,eachoneagiftfrom adifferentnation,withitsflagandemblemcarriedoutinthesamemosaic.

Beforethealtarisahugewhiterock whereChristprayedandsweated bloodinHisanguish,whiletheApos- tles,Peter,JamesandJohn,slept.It washerethatHeutteredthosewonderfulwords,"MyFather,ifitbepos- sible Neverthelessletthischalicepassfromme. notasIwillbutas Thouwilt."Itwashereinso thatJudascamewiththe tudetobetraytheSonofGod withakiss.Notmorethantwenty yardsawayisthetomboftheBlessed Mary.TheoldestchurchinJerusalem isbuiltoverthisspotandnexttoitis agrottowheretheFranciscanshavea smallchapelinherhonour.

Backdowntheroad,wecrossthe bridgeovertheChedronValley,which liesbetweenthecityandtheMount ofOlives.OnourwaytotheMount wewherepassedtheJerusalemwarcemetery, somanyofourladsareresting aftertheirstrugglesinthelastwar. Upandupuntilthesummitisreached,andfromtherethewholecity spreadsitselfbeforeoureyes.It didn'tseemrighttomethatIshould bedrivinginacarovertheseplaces. IfeltIshouldhavewalkedeveryinch oftheway.

OnthesummitisthesmallChurch oftheIAlscension,alsooriginallybuilt byQueenHelena.Fromnearthis spot(thereareonlyoneortwosmall rocksshowingonthesurface)Christ ascendedtoHeaven,fortydaysafter theResurrecti9n.Icouldhavespent awholedayonthesummitofthat Mount,butalasitcouldnotbe.

Offwestartedagain,andaswesped downtheroadtoJerichothehillsbecameevenmoresteepandtheroads moretortuous.ThroughabouttwentymilesoftheloveliesthillsIhaveever seenwewanderedthustillatlastwe sawtheplainsstretchingtotheMountainsofMoabandtheDeadSea.SomewhereinthesemountainsistideMountainofNebowhereMosesisburied. Notmanyyearsago,atthefootof thesemountains,someJesuitFathers wereexcavatingandtheyfoundtheruinsoftwocitiesbelievedtohave beenSodomandGomorra.Awayon apeakinthehillsofMoabstandsa JesuitHouse,aloneinthevastwilder. nessoftoweringmountains.

AtoneendoftheDeadSeaarebig potashworksforthewatersarefullof minerals.Theseaitself,althoughit soundsincredible,istwenty-fivepercent.salt,makingitimpossibletosink.

Limitednumberonly,becausewe haveonlyalimitedquantityofthe material.Furthersupplieswillcost more!Madeinthreesizesfroma reliableTootalFabricinguaranteed

HOODS,toorder 40/TRENCHERS,allsizes 17/6

Men'sStore, MurraySt.

Strangelyenough,I'mtoldthereare noJewsinBethlehem,exceptthose whohaveacceptedChristianity.Is ittheirshame,Iwonder,whichhas forcedthemtofleefromtheCityut theMiraculousBirth?Asourdriver remarks,"Howstrangeitisthatthey whoprofesstolovetheLord,contradictthemselvesbytheirdisbeliefinthe Saviour.GodpromisedthemaKing, gavethemaKing-thegreatestKing ofalltime-andyettheyrejectedthe Lord'sgift.Theywerethechosenpeople,HetheirKing.Theymissedtheir greatopportunity,refusedtheKing,so losttheirkingdom.Nolongerarethey thechosenpeople,forwehaveacceptedtheirdiscardedbirthrightandtheir heritance.TheJewswillneverregain Palestine.Howblindaretheythat willnotsee."

Ihadaswim,madedoublyenjoyable sincetheseaisonethousandthree hundredfeetbelowsealevel,thelowestspotonthefaceoftheearth,and thewaterwasbeautifullywarm,butI wasgladtohaveafreshwatershower. Afterwehadhadacooldrinkatthe cafetherewesetoutforJericho.

NewJericholiesalmostatthefoot oftheMountofTemptation,where thedevilappeareduntoChristto temptHimfromHispath.Perchedon thesummitofthismountisanother monastery,aretreatforthehermit monks.Jerichoitself,thenewcity,is abrilliantgreenspotmidstvastopen barrenplains,wateredonlybyonesmallspring,Elisha'sWell.From hereflowschystalclearwatertoirrigatethefieldssurroundingthenew city,whilejustabovethiswellcanbe seenfoundationsofthewallsoftheold city.

OneoftheFathersatGethsemane, anArmenian,andaverypleasantman, tookmedowntotheGrottoofMary,

andIsawMasscelebratedthere.It wasonlyalittlechapel,veryplainand beautiful.Aftertheservice1walked byMary'sTombwhereanArmenian Masswasbeingcelebrated,overthe bridgeanduptoSt.Stephen'sGate, andintotheoldcity.Iwandered downtheViaDolorosaandbefore longIfoundmyselfoutsidethescene ofOurLord'sPassion.Thereisa churchhere,builtovertheruinsof Christ'sprisonandtheplacewhereHe wasjudged,andasIcouldheara choralserviceIwentinside.Forthe secondtimethatmorningIfoundmyselfatMass,thistimeaMissaCantata. Thechurchwasfullofyounggirls,myselfandthepriestbeingtheonlytwo menpresent.Somewhereachoirwas chanting,youngvoices,yetmellowand sweet,andasIgazeduptotheceiling Isawabeautifulstatueinexquisite whitemarble,ofChristwithtwoangels kneelingatHisfeet.Thechurchwas singularlyplain,butitviedinbeauty withtheGethsemaneChurch.Nearby,theChurchofSt.Catherine,Ispoke tooneofthesweetestlittleoldwomen Ihaveeverseen;dressedinblackshe was,withablackshawloverherhead, andakindfacewhichshowedlines andwrinklesthatspelledatragicair. ShespokeverybrokenEnglish,and toldmeshewasCzechoslovakian.I askedherwheretheservicewasbeing held,whichIcouldhearsomewherein theSepulchre(verybeautifulmusicand singing),andIwishedtoseeit.She pointedoutyoungFranciscanmonk whomshetoldmespokeEnglish.Just thenIsawanotherpriestoftheGreek Church,andsheapproachedhim,told himIwasEnglish,andthensheleft u&

Afterleavinghim,Irevisitedthe TombandsaidAuRevoirtothe ChujchoftheHolySepulchre.AsI welit'outsideaGreekProcessionwas comingin,andIhadtostandasidefor themtopass.Shortlyafterwards1 metseveralofthelads,andwewent walkingtogether.'Abouttwominutes later,comingdownthestreet,Isaw mylittleCzechoslovakianlady.We recognisedeachotheratonceandshe cameuptome.Theboyswalkedon, andshetookmyhandandplacedinit herlittlemother-of-pearlrosary,and inbrokenEnglish,fascinatingtohear, blessedmeandturnedaway.Istoppedandaskedherhername."Just Fanny,'shesaid,andadded,"Fanny Klein,ofCzechoslovakia."Wetalked forafewmoments,andpartedwith "AufWeidersehen."PerhapsIshall meetheragain,whoknows,andyet1 shallneverforgether.Awomangrows oldgracefullytowatch,areallittle mother,andoneaboutwhomIshould liketoknowmore.However,time mayrevealthesethings,andIhave thatlittlemother-of-pearlrosarytoremindmeofalovelyincidentinmy wanderingsthroughtheHolyCity.As Iwalkedawayupthestreet,Iturned, wewavedtooneanother,andthen shedisappearedfromsight.WhenI caughtupwiththeboystheywere verycurious,butIdidnotsatisfy them.Wewanderedaboutawhile andeventuallyreturnedaboutaquarterofanhourbeforeweweredueto leaveforcamp.

Soonwewereinthebusagain,this timetravellinghometocamp,allof usregrettingourleave-taking,andso "Aurevoir,Jerusalem."

Somepeoplesaythatreligionhas beencommercialisedinJerusalem.Perhapsithasbeen;Ididnotfinditso. Ifitis,isthatreligion'sfault?Isreligiontoblame?Innochurch,atany timeduringmypilgrimage,wasIaskedbythepriestsorSisterstogiveanythingforthechurch.AllIgavewas freelygivenandunasked.One'ambitionofmylifehasbeenfulfilled,and IturnedmybackonJerusalem,but notmyheart.

Ileftthecitywithhappinessanda songinmyheartandMary'swordson mylips:"Mysouldothmagnifythe Lord,andmyspirithathrejoicedin GodmySaviour."

t.

M1158-Telephones-L1460 MEAD,SON&CO. FUNERALDIRECTORS. 190ALBANYROAD,VIC.PARK. 33CANNINGHIGHWAY. EASTFREMANTLE.

ALBANY.

H.C.PriorFuneralDirector ALBANY(Established1921). PrivateMortuary.MotorVehicles. ChargesModerate. 'Phone216. Albany,Mt.Barker,Denmarkand Districts.

Grail'sFirstVictorianSummerSchool "TAYCREGGAN,"1941

Itisimpossibleatsuchanearlydate toestimatetheeffectsandthevalue oftheSummerSchoolwhichhasjust concludedat"TayCreggan"-wecannotexpectthenewlyplantedseedto bearfruitinaweekoramonth.But thefactthatwe,whohadtheprivilege ofparticipatinginthecourse,from February1--8,havebeenfiredwith zealtogiveourselvestothecauseof "buildinganewworld"augurswellfor thesuccessoftheexperiment.

Thetendencyofbecomingmomentarilyfiredwithenthusiasm,andthen fallingbackintotheoldindifferent ways,wascounteractedbythesoundnessofthecourseandtheclearsighted planningoftheweek.Ouridealof buildinganewworldwaskeptconstantlybeforeusbytheregularsinging ofourspecialBuildingSongduring theday.

Mr.F.K.MaherandMr.K.W. Mitchellhonoureduswiththeirpresenceattheofficialopening.The former,inhisaddress,pointedoutthat ouractionmustbeverycarefullyplanned.Ourthreespheresofactivity werethehome,ourleisure,andour placeofwork-intheseourapostolate wouldbecarriedon.Thenecessity ofbeingperfectlynormalandnatural inourmethodsofcontactwasexplained,andthedangerofeccentricityemphasised.

Sundayactuallysawthebeginning ofthecourseoflecturesdesignedto fitintothethemeofbuildinganew world.ThefirstspeakerwasRev. FatherJamesO'Connell,ofSt.Columman's,Essendon,whosesubjectwas "God,OurFather."Inhisaddress FatherO'Connellspokeofourcreation andourdependenceuponGodfor everything.Godhadmadeaplanfor eachoneofus,andwemustdiscover thisandproceedtofollowit.The outstandingpointwasthefactthatthe Crossmustbethecentreofourlivesthatwithoutsacrificetherecouldheno realsuccess.

LaterinthedayRev.FatherP.J. Gibbonsgaveaninspiringaddresson 'Christ,andHisPlanofLiving,"in whichheexplainedtousChrist'spurposeincomingintotheworld,thatwe shouldhavelifemoreabundantly.The subjectoftheevening'slecture,by Rev.Dr.Hogan,C.M.,was"TheHoly Ghost,WhoRenewstheFaceofthe Earth."DuringthetalkDr.Hogan explainedhowtheHolySpiritwasthe ChiefDesignerWhowouldlaydown theplantowhichwemustwork-this wouldbeaverydefiniteandclearcut plan,andinfollowingitwewould bepreservedfromerror.

Thesecondstepinourbuildingplan wasconcentratedonourowncharacterformation.Atalk,"Firmand DeepFoundations,"givenbyoneof theLadiesoftheGrail,helpedusto realisethattheCrosswasnecessaryfor growth,thatwemust,likethegrain ofwheatinthesoil,dietoourselves beforetheemergenceofnewlife.With theCrossasourfoundation,weshould findoutthefactsconcerningourcharacters,possibilities,andtemperaments, andbuildaccordingly.Anothertalk, "TracingaFullDesign,"wefound veryinterestingandstimulating.The speakerexplainedhowweshouldregardcharacterformationfromaCatholicangle,strengthofcharacterin youthleaderswasessential,andindevelopingitthewillwasthemainfactor tobeconsidered.

Havingspentmuchtimeand thoughtoncharactertrainingonthe previousday,wewereoccupiedon Tuesdayinplanningforthefuture.In themorningoneoftheLadiesofthe Grailgaveusafewideason"Catholic OriginalityofOutlook,"andpointed outthatwemustdevelopatruesense ofvalues,andhavethemainthings securelyfixedinourminds. Avery importantaddresswastheonebyRev. FatherW.P.Hackett,S.J.,ontheVo cationtoMarriage,inwhichhep,inted outthatthiswasaverydefinitevocationandinvolvedwelldefinedduties. ThefamilywastheunitoftheState, butwasreallyabovetheState,which possessednorighttolegislateagainst it.ThesacramentalcharacterofMarriageandthebeautyofNuptialMass wereveryimportantpointsbrought outinthetalk.

OurvisittoPresentationConvent Windsor,wasdesignedtogiveuscorrectideasontheVocationtotheReligiousLife.Rev.MotherColumba, MotherGeneraloftheOrder,spoketo usonthissubject,andhereIthinkit isdesirabletoexpressourappreciation totheSistersfortheirkindlinessin

entertainingusandtheirinterestin ourwork.Athomeintheeveninga LadyoftheGrailspoketousof "ChristandWomen,"andshowedus how,withthecomingofChrist,woman wasraisedfromastateofinferiority andoftenslaverytooneofdignityand nobility.

Wednesdaywasdevotedtothe theme"TheKingdomofGodinthe ModernWorld.'Themorning'stalk wasgivenbyMr.F.K.Maher,who showedushowalltheevilsofthemodernworldcouldbeattributedtothe SevenDeadlySins.Forexample,he tracedtheReformationwithitsattendantevilsandsorrowstotheactsof PrideofLuther,Calvin,HenryVIII. Thenextspeaker,Rt.Rev.Mgr.Hannan,gaveapowerfulandappealing addresson"TheCalloftheMissions," inwhichheshowedveryclearlyour responsibilityintheextensionof Christ'sKingdomtothePaganWorld.

I.1lectureonSocialJusticeandFamilyLife,byMr.B.A.Santamaria. showedushowfamilylifemustnecessarilybeinsecureundertheexisting conditions,andthatthedevelopment ofasturdyfarmingclasswasnecessaryforourexistenceasanation.

ASymposiumintheeveninggaveus theviewsoffivedifferentsectionsof thecommunityonthepossibilitiesof aCatholicAustralia.Thespeakers wereRev.FatherJ.F.Bracken,Mr EricHowells,ContessaFilippini,Mr. CharlesHesse,andMissMaryFarmer.

ThegeneralsubjectforThursdaywas "SpiresandStreamlines."Inthe morningRev.Dr.P.Jonesexplained tousthemeaningofCatholicCulture. HeshowedusthenecessityforbuildingupaCatholicAustralianCultureCatholicinthesensethatitmustbe animatedbythepropersenseofCatholicvalues,Australianinthesensethat itmustexpressthespiritofthiscountry,andthatwhileappreciatingand borrowingfromothercultures,it shouldnotimitateorcopy.

ThelastfulldayoftheSummer Schoolwasplannedtoshowushow thedifferentgroupsworktogetherto formabeautifulwhole.Weareall workingforoneend,letusnotimpede ourprogressbypettydifferencesand disunities.

Oftheeventsoutsidetheprogramme awordmustbespoken.Thevisitof HisGracetheArchbishopofMelbourne,accompaniedbyHisLordship theBishopofWagga,wasasourceof greathappinesstousandafurtherassuranceofthefatherlyinterestofthe Hierarchyinourworkandefforts.Anotherverypleasantexperiencewasour visitonSundayevening,February2, toXavierCollegeforthefinalsession oftheRuralConference.

OfthespecialsessionsfortheCatholicGirls'Legionitisimpossibleto givehereevenasketchyaccount. Neverthelesswemustexpressto FatherJ.Morgan,FatherK.Ellis,and FatherJ.Kelly,andalsotoMr.Maher andMr.Mitchellourdeepappreciation oftheirhelpandguidance.ToFather Bourke,S.J.,whocelebratedMassfor useachmorningandhelpedtomake

ourSummerSchoolsuchahappyone, ourthanksarealsodue.

IcannotspeakhereoftheFolk Dancing,thesinging,thecampfire, impromptuconcertsandgames,the filmevening,theexperiencesweenjoyedsomuchandwhich,withthe beautifulCatholichospitalityofthe LadiesoftheGrail,helpedtomake ourweeksuchahappyone.They canonlybestoredupwiththehostof happymemorieswealltreasureofthe SummerSchool.-ByCatherineHennessy.

HOLIDAYRESORTS

MASSTIMETABLE.

Albany:7.30a.m.;9.30a.m.eachSunday (Inquiries:VeryRev.T.Gilroy,The Presbytery,Albany.Tel.:Albany 129.)

Busselton:8a.m.

(Inquiries:Rev.C.Cunningham, ThePresbytery,Busselton.Tel.: Busselton107.)

Bunbury:7a.m.;9.30a.m.

(Inquiries:Rt.Rev.Monsignor Hayes,St.Patrick'sPresbytery,Bunbury.Tel.:Bunbury141.)

Cottesloe:7a.m.;10a.m.

(Inquiries:VeryRev.J.Fahey,The Presbytery,McNeill-street,Cottesloe. Tel.:F2411.)

Denmark:FirstandThirdSundaysof month,at7.30a.m.

(Inquiries:Rev.M.Holohan,The Presbytery,Denmark.Tel.:Denmark16.)

Mandurah: (Inquiries:Rev.W.Clery,ThePresbytery,Pinjarra.Tel.:Pinjarra27.)

NorthBeach: (Inquiries:Rev.Fr.J.Brennan, ThePresbytery,OsbornePark.Tel.: 04067.)

Rockingham: (Inquiries:TheOblateFathers,AdelaideStreet,Fremantle.Tel.:L2268.)

Scarborough:8.15a.m.,toSunday, April20. (Inquiries:Rev.Fr.J.Brennan, ThePresbytery,OsbornePark-Tel.: B4067.)

Gwelup:FirstandthirdSundaysof month,at10a.m.

WAGIN.

MASSTIME-TABLE.

February23rd.:Dumblevung,9a.m.; Wagin,11a.m.

TOODYAYMASSTIME-TABLE February23:Clackline,7.30;Toodyay,9.30.

PINJARRAMASSTIME-TABLE.

February23rd.:Dwellingup,8a.m.: Pinjarra,10a.m.

HARVEYMASSTIMETABLE.

February23:Yarloop,8a.m.;Harvey,10am. March2:Harvey,8a.m.;Waroona, 10am. March9:Harvey,8a.m.;Yarloop, 10a.m. March16:Waroona,8.30a.m.;Harvey,10a.m.

March23:Yarloop,8a.m.;Harvey, 10a.m. March30:Harvey,8amWaroona, 10a.m.

CanadaaCorporateState?

AcabledmessagefromOttawaonthe12th.inst.announced thataplanfortheself-governmentandconstructionofindustry, withemployersandemployeestakingequalsharesincontrol,had beenadoptedbyemployersinconferencewithLabourrepresentatives.Inconformitywiththemodernpracticeofthenewspaper world,thisimportantitemwascontainedinasix-linereportand relegatedtoapositionofobscuritywhile,thehealthofhorsesand womencyclistswasemblazonedacrosstwoormorepages.Sparse thoughtheinformationbeastotheextenttowhichCanadianindustryasawholewillbereorganisedonCorporatelines,itmay wellbethatthissaneprogrammeofsocialreconstructionwillassumeanationalcharacter.Foritmustberecalledthatinrecent yearsCanadahasexhibitedsignsofaprogressivesocialoutlook. AlLertawasthefirstStateinEnglish-speakingcountriestoattemptanexperimentinmonetaryreform,.anddespitetheassurancesofthereactionarypressthelastwordastothesuccessor failureofthatendeavourhasyettobesaid.Moreover,theFrenchCanadianpopulation,whichispredominantlyCatholic,wield'',a greatinfluenceoversocialthoughtandhashadthesingulargood fortunetopossesstheleadershipofCardinalVilleneuve.I.was onlytowardsthecloseoflastyearthatHisEminenceadvocated theadoptionof"thecorporatismoutlin-1byPopePiusXIwhich isbaseduponChristiancharityandstippleenoughtoheandto correctdemocracy."

ItisbecomingincreasinglyesLlentthatthecapitalistsystem cannotremainasitis.Eitheritwillbereformedbymenoforder ordestroyedbymenofdisorder.Themajorreformproposedby Catholicsocialthoughtistherealignmentofindustryalongvocationallineswiththecommongoodinview-,incontradistinctionto thepresentarrangementofprivateprofitinthesoleinterestofthe controllersofcapital.Inthisconception,competitionwillyield toco-operativeeffort;theclassstrugglebetweenTradeUnionsand employerswillbesupplantedbyfreeassociationintheCorporatic,nsforthecommonwealandthemutualinterestsofcapitaland labour.Thecentralerrortobeavoidedis,that,ifthisreorganisationisimposedfromabovebytheState,thepublicauthorityshould notinterferewiththeautonomyofthecorporations(oncetheyare functioningnormally),exceptintheinterestsofthecommongood. Theessentialfeatureofthecorporativesystemisthatindustry shouldbecompletelyself-governing.Employersandemployees, infreeassociation,decideuponhoursofwork,wagerates,methods ofproduction,marketing,labourconditions,strikes,etc.Itwill bethefunctionoftheStatetoharmonisetheinterestsoft1-1?,variouscorporations.IntherelationsoftheStatetothecorporations liesthecrucialtestofthesuccessofthesystem.InPortugaltodaytheidealhasbeenachievedinthisdirection,whereasinItaly, theState(whichistheFascistParty)hasbeentoorepressiveand interfering.

* * * *

IfthegoodnewsregardingCanadaisofnationalimport,it maywellprovideanexampletobefollowedbythewholeofthe English-speakingworld.HithertotheideaoftheCorporateState hasnotbeenwellreceivedsincetheCommunistssucceededvery largelyinidentifyingitinthepublicmindwithFascism.The stupidityofthisconfusioniseasilydispelledandthegoodfavour whichPortugalandSpainatpresentenjoywithourpresswould removeitentirelyifonlysomecognisanceweretakenoftheirsocial systems.Ontheotherhand,theinstitutionofcorporatismdoes notimplyanybreachwithdemocracyasweknowit.Onthecontraryitisthepanaceafortheevilsandweaknessesincidentalto thesystem.CardinalVilleneuvesummedupthemattervery neatlythus:"Wemustrebuild.Butitisnotnecessaryinrebuildingthatweshouldrenounceoursystemofconstitutionaldemocracy.Ithasitsfaults,buttothemChristianCorporatismcan bringthenecessarycorrections."ThesocialconditionofAustraliato-daygivespointtotheCardinal'scontention.Itistobe hopedthatthereformingzealoftheFederalGovernment,together withAustralia'straditionofsocialprogressiveness,willnotlag behindCanadainthistremendoussteptowardssocialjustice.

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS

February23rd:Canonicalvisitation andConfirmationatAlbany. March9th(morning):Blessnew churchofSt.Brendan,GrassValley. (Afternoon):Blessnewschooland PresbyteryatCunderdin.

NO04,4,00....P.M.414,11,01,041.4,14.4.00

COURSEOFLENTENSERMONSATST.MARY'S CATHEDRAL.

"TheReasonablenessofOur Faith."

CommencingonSunday,2nd. March,Rev.FatherB.McLoughlin,C.SS.R.,oftheRedemptoristMonastery,North Perth,willdeliveracourseof LentensermonsinSt.Mary's CathedraloneachSundayeveningduringtheHolySeasonat 7.30p.m.FatherMcLoughlin haschosenthe"Divinityof Christ-asthesubjectofthe firstsermonofhisseries,entitled "TheReasonablenessofOur Faith."

,o,"1.00#4,4,11,04,1"004,004.04,04.4.41.#04,041,PM "BUILDINGCHARACTERFROM WITHIN"IN:SECONDEDITION.

Abookon"BuildingCharacterFrom Within,"byVeryRev.JohnT.McMahon,DiocesanDirectorofEducation,Perth,wentintoasecondlarge printingearlythismonth,itisannouncedbytheBrucePublishingCompany,Milwaukee,U.S.A.

Characterformationthroughthe teachingofreligion,withemphasison theformationofareligiouscharacter inchildren,isthethemeofthisunusualcontributiontothegrowingliteratureofcatechetics.

Dr.McMahonreferstoitas"anattempttotranslateintoclassroompracticetheprinciplesoftheschoolofasceticism,"insistingthatthebuilding ofschoolsisinvainunlessthefoundationsofcharacteraresetinthedifficultcementofself-disciplineandselfdenial."

QUARTERLYCONFERENCE.

TheQuarterlyConferenceofthe PriestsoftheMetropolitanArea willbeheldattheChapter Hall,VictoriaSquare,onFriday,March7,at10am.

ST.MARY'SCATHEDRAL.

ASHWEDNESDAY.

LUNCHHOURMASS.

Masseswillbecelebratedat7a.m.,8 a.m.,and12.10p.m.Asheswillbe distributedatallMasses.Confessions willbeheardonTuesdayafternoon from4to6p.m.,andintheevening afterdevotions.

IMMII.O.04111.0411,CIr0

Mausoleumfor ChristianBrothers' Founder

Amausoleumisbeingerectedat MountSion,Waterford,motherhouse oftheIrishChristianBrothers,tocontainthere-interredbodyofBrother EdmundIgnatiusRice,whofounded thesocietyinWaterford138yearsago. ThepresentSuperiorGeneral,Brother P.J.Hennessey,ispersonallysupervisingthework.

JESUITMISSIONARIESFROMU.S. NOW625.

Thenumberof(AmericanJesuits workinginthemissionshasbeen broughtupto625withthesendingof 18moreprieststoAlaska,British Honduras,Ceylon,China,India,Iraq, famaicaandthePhilippines.They areworkingamong36,000,000pagans intenforeignmissions,teachingin400 elementaryschools,371prayerschools, highschools,andoneseminary.In additiontheyhavechargeof50dispensaries,15orphanages,eighthospitalsandanobservatory.

St.Charles'MinorSeminary

Inouroccasionalreportsregarding thefutureMinorSeminaryofSt.Charles,uptodatenotmuchhasbeen notedregardingthefinancialsideof thequestion.Itis,however,animportantanddifficultproblem,especiallyinthesetimes.Weanticipatedright fromthestartaconsiderableamount ofcriticism,andinsomequarterswe gotit,regardingtheopportunenessof acceptingfurthermonetarycommitmentsinwartime.

Buteveninanticipationitwasregardedthattheall-rounddesirability ofthescheme-longoverdue-would outweighanyoppositionthatthere mightbe.

Inotherwords,thesupplyingofthe meansofeducatingyouthstothe priesthoodlocally,inWesternAustralia,wouldbedesirableandopportune atanytime.Thiswasroughlyspeakingananticipatoryattitude.Inactualfactthegeneralacceptanceand approvaloftheSeminaryschemehas beenencouragingfarbeyondour hopes.

TheVeryRev.Dr.Goody,whohas visitedalreadymostofthemetropolitanparishesandsomeofthecountry onesaswell,hasremarkedthatthe generalattitudeofourCatholicpeople seemstobemoreorlessasfollows: "Oh,well,itisratheranunfortunate timetostart,butitisagrandidea andwewilldoallwecan;inanycase ifitisnotdonenowitmaybemuch moredifficulttomanage-anythingin thefuture."

Ithasalsobeennotedthatmostof thecriticism,orratheropposition,has comefromquarterswheremuchhelp wasnotexpectedandconsequently canbedonewithout.

Somepeoplemaybewonderinghow theycanhelpbestinthefurtherance oftheproject.Thefirstandobviousmeansisbycontributingasgenerouslyastheyareabletowardsthe

realisationoftheirparochialassessment.ThenbyspeakingwellofSt. Charles'Seminary,theycouldencourageitinthemindsofotherpeople.

Somemaywishtodosomethingindividual,andtothisendalistofarticles,thedonationofwhichwouldbe mostacceptable,willbeputtlishedlater on.Manypriestsalreadyhavedemonstratedtheirintentionofassisting verygenerouslyandmateriallyinthe foundationoftheCollege.

Wecanbequiteconfidentthatinso nobleanambitiontheDivineAssistancewillnotbewantingfortherealisationofourhopes.

Theappealwillbecontinuedasfollows:-

February23:Palmyra.

March2:Donnybrook.

March9:Bridgetown.

March16:Manjimup.

MarchM:Collie.

QUARANTORE

1941. FEBRUARY.

Sunday 9thDardanup:OneDayofExposition.

Sunday 'St 2na 3rd 4th 5th

MARCH.

Wagin:OneDayofExposition. Coolgardie:OneDayofExposition. Kondinin:OneDayofExposition. Subiaco:FortyHours'Prayer (21st-23rd).

Kelamunda:OneDayofExposition,

CALENDAR.

SISTERSCIENTIST

SisterMaryJordanCarroll,ofthe DominicanOrder,hasbeenassociated withProfessorJ.C.Fardon,oftheInstitumDiviThomae,inCincinatti, U.S.A..inseveraloutstandingscientific experiments.In1938herpaperdealingwithanastuteexperimentonthe eyecoloursofthefruitflyattracted worldnotice.

LatelySisterMaryandothersatthe Institutumhavebeeninvestigatingthe 'expirationofcells.Fromyeastand animaltissuecellstheywereableto extractanoxidisingagent,whichthey callbiodin,-andwhichstimulatesoxygenconsumption.Afterprecipitation asawhitepowder,biodinretainsits powers,andcanbesentbacktowork tospeedupthelifefiresofinjuredtissues.

Lastmonth,attheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience ConventioninPhiladelphia,Sister MaryJordanCarrolldemonstratedbiodinwithmicroscopeandtesttube.. ate :;:l,earsofare.

OLDGOSPELFOUNDATVATICAN.

VaticanCity.

AcompletetextoftheFourthApocryphalGospelofSt.John,acomplete textinexcellentcharacterson270 pages,hasbeendiscoveredintheAmbrosianLibraryattheVatican.It wasfoundbyMgr.GiuseppeGalbiati, whoisnowpreparingacompleteeditionofthecodex.Itdatesfrom1342 andisanArabiantranslationofthe originalSyriactext.

MEXICONOLONGERBANS RELIGIOUSFILMS.

TheshowinginatheatreatMexico Cityrecentlyofamotionpicturetitled "QueenofMexico,"anddealingwith theapparitionsoftheBlessedVirgin toJuanDiegoatGuadalupe,toSt. JohnBoscoandtoSt.Thereseof Lhittix,indicatesthattheprohibition ofreligiousfilmshasbeenwaived. Thisprohibitionwasfosteredbythe ConfederationofMexicanWorkers underthedominationofVicenteLoml-ardoHoledano.

DeathofGeneralKrivitsky

TheManWhoDidNotExist

GeneralKrivitsky,themanwhodid notexist(sotheCommunistswere carefultotell"TheRecord"),isdead. ItappearsthattheCommuniststhemselves,whodidnotbelieveinhisexistence,somehowmanagedtoshoothim, presumablywithinvisiblebullets.It allremindsoneofthatlittleverse: Yesterdayuponthestair Imetamanwhowasn'tthere Hewasn'tthereagainto-day, IwishtoGodhe'dgoaway.

Thisisthehistoryoftheaffairasit concerns"TheRecord"andlocalCommunists:

In1939wepublishedanarticleby GeneralKrivitskyinwhichhesetout todemonstratethatCommunismand Nazismwerenaturalaffinities,aview whichwasborn()outbytheNazi Sovietpact.

Krivitskywasformerlychiefofthe SovietMilitaryIntelligenceandatthe timethearticlewaswrittenwasliving inAmerica.ItwasinWashington thathewasshotrecently.

The"Workers'Star"toldusthatour articlewasahoaxandthatKrivitsky didnotexist.Itsaidthatthearticle

hadbeenwrittenbyoneIsaacLevine attheinstigationofoneShmelkaGinsberg,andthatthesetwopeoplewent tomakeup"GeneralKrivitsky,"one presumablysupplyingthefacadeand theotherthebrains.

Itappearsthatthosemastersofconfusion,theCommunists,didtheirwork well,forwhenKrivitskywasfound deadthecoroneratfirstissuedacertificateofsuicide,namingthebodyas beingthatofWalterPoref,aliasSamuelGinsberg.ThenalongcameKrivitsky'slawyer,identifiedthebody,and saidthathewascertainthathehad beenshotbySovietagents:Hesaid thatKrivitSkyhadbeenshadowed duringavisittoNewYorkbyone ofthedeadliestagentsoftheOgpu.

Thecaseisbeingheldopenpending proofofthesuggestionofmurder.

ThereisnodoubtthattheCommunistshaveawayofgettingridofthose whoareinapositiontorevealthe truthabouttheirdoctrines,andthere isnodoubtthatGeneralKrivitskywas oneofthese-noristhereanyshadow ofdoubtthatGeneralKrivitskywas, infact,GeneralKrivitsky'.

ACaseofMaintenance

Itisveryinfrequently,indeed,that theCatholicPresstakesanycognisance atallofmatrimonialproceedings,which areasmeatanddrinktoasectionof theweek-endpress.ButacasewasrecentlybeforetheMarriedWomen's Courtinwhichanincreaseofmaintenancewassoughtandrefused.Indismissingthepetition,theBenchmadesome remarkswhichcannotbepassedover insilence.Theburthenoftheclaim forincreasedmaintenancewasthatthe plaintiffwassendingthreeofherchildrentoadenominationalschool.The Bench,inrefusingtoincreasethemaintenanceorder,endorsedtheclaimof thedefendant,'thatthechildrencould receiveadequateeducationatState

remarks,asquotedinthe"WestAustralian"ofthe8th.inst.,isasfollows: whileitwasniceforher,perhaps,togiveherchildrenthebest educationshecould,thereseemedto benoneedforhertosendthemto adenominationalschoolwhenthey couldgototheStateschoolfree.

Peoplewhowantedsuchprivileges shouldnotexpectotherstopayfor them."

Theignoranceandtheimpertinence underlyingtheseremarksisfairly breath-taking.Abstracting'altogether fromthisparticularcase(themerits ordemeritsofwhicharenotourconcern),andwithoutanyknowledgeof the"persuasion"ofthedenominational schoolsinquestion,onemayunhesitatinglystatethatitisaconfoundedimpudenceonthepartofamagistrateor justicestoattempttodictatetoparentsastowhatschoolstheirchildren shouldattend.IfthechildrenconcernedbeCatholics,theBench'sview that"thereseemsnoneedtosendthem toadenominationalschool..."only servestoaccentuatethegulfbetween thesecularistandtheconscientious(or catholic)outlookoneducation.

Isitnot,moreover,slightlynaiveto assureusthatthereis"noneed"ofdenominationalschoolswhen,duringthe past50years,Catholicshavespentover £30,000,000tokeeptheirschoolsinexistence,andto-dayspendover£1,000,000 perannumtomaintainthem.

isbeinggenerallyadmitted.Onno fewerthanthreeoccasions,"The Times"ofLondonhascalledstartlinglyforreligiouseducation. Onthe 14th.inst.,theAnglicanArchbishopsof York,CanterburyandWalesstated thattheyhadanever-deepeningconvictionthattheEnglishwerefighting topreservethoseelementswhichowed theirorigintotheChristianfaith.

"Yeteverywhere,"theycontinued, "'wefindaprofoundignoranceofthe Christianfaith.Evidentlythereis anurgentneedtostrengthenourfoundationsbysecuringtheChristianeducationofallchildren."

[AboutthesametimetheEarlof AthloneinCanadapointedoutthat "inallclassesofsociety(thereexisted)averitablerevoltagainsttheDivineLaw,themorallawwhich,ney wishedtoeliminatefromtheeducation ofyouth'andthegovernmentofthe nations.. Therewasagreementon thispoint:thateducationwithoutreligionwaslikeabarrenland,anda countrywithoutreligionsooneror latermarchedtoitsdoom."

ApparentlythelocalBenchwould likeustostepinwiththismarch. -F.G.

LATECAPT.T.M.EYSTON.

DescendantofSt.ThomasMore.

CaptainThomasMoreEyston,direct descendantofSt.ThomasMore,of EastHendred,Berks,previouslyre portedmissing,isnowreportedbythe "Universe"tohavediedofwounds onMay31.Hewasburiedatthe Roulers'SeminaryinBelgium.

Capt.Eyston,whowas38andanold boyofBeaumont,wasLordofthe ManorsofArches,AbbeyManor,CatmoreandAppleford,succeedingtothe titleonthedeathofhisfather,Mr.J. J.Eyston,in1916.Hemarried,in 1930,LadyAgnesSavile,daughterof thesixthEarlofMexborough.There aretwosonsandtwodaughters.

Sunday,Feb.23:QuinquagesimaSunday.Violet.Semi-double.2,St. PeterDamian,Bishop,Confessorand DoctoroftheChurch.Creed.TrinityPreface. "Quinquagesima"meansthefiftieth day,thatis,beforeEaster.

Monday,Feb.24:St.Matthias,Apostle. Red.Doubleofsecondclass.Creed. Apostle'sPreface. Matthias,whoreplacedJudasamong thetwelveApostles,wasstonedto deathbytheJews,A.D.80.

Tuesday,Feb.25:Feria.Violet.Simple.

Wednesday,Feb.26:AshWednesday. Violet.Simple.PrefaceofLent. To-dayopenstheliturgicalseasonof Lent,atimeofpenanceforall.Ashes areasymbolicexpressionofgriefor mourning.

Thursday,Feb.27:St.Gabrielofthe SorrowfulVirgin.White.Double.

Lastgospelofferia.

Friday,Feb.28:Feria.Violet.Simple. Saturday,March1:Feria.Violet.Simple.

Sunday,March2:FirstSundayin Lent.Violet.Semi-double.

CATHOLICBOYSINVITEDTO ARALUEN.

EachEastertheYoungAustralia LeagueconductsanoutingtoAraluen, whichembracestheschoolholidays.

Sincethefirstoutingofthiskindin 1932anumberofCatholicboyshave participated,andaninvitationisissued forboystotakepartthisyear.CatholicofficersoftheLeagueundertake theresponsibilityofthespecialcare oftheiryoungco-religionists,whowill attendMassatArmadaleonEaster Sunday,asisthecustomeachEaster.

Thecostoftheoutingwillbe ls, whichincludesbusfare,allmeals,entertainmentsandaccommodation.

AnillustratedleafletgivingfulldetailsmaybeobtainedfromtheprincipalsofCatholicschoolsinthemetropolitanarea,orbymakingdirectapplicationtotheYoungAustraliaLeague,cornerMurrayandIrwinStreets, orbytelephoningB1891.

IRISHNATIONALFORESTERS' BENEFITSOCIETY.

St.Patrick'sDaySports.

Byrequestofthecommitteeofthe sportsbeingheldatGloucesterPark TrottingGroundsonSaturday,March 15,theIrishNationalForesterswill conductIrishNationalStepDancing Competitionsatthesports.

TheSociety'scompetitioncontrol committeewilldrawupanattractive programme,detailsofwhichwillbeannouncedatthenextperiodicalcompetion(1940-41series),whichisbeing heldatKeough'sHallnextWednesday,26th.inst.,at8.15p.m.,andlater publishedinthecolumnsof"TheRecord."

COLLEGEANNUALS.

SeveralNotableProductions.

Wehavereceivedcopiesoftheannualmagazinesfor1940fromAquinas College,ChristianBrothers'College, Fremantle,andtheChristianBrothers' HighSchool,Highgate.Theseschools aretobecomplimentedontheexcellentproductionoftheirmagazinesand, noless,onthestorytheyhavetotellofscholasticachievementandof sportingsuccess.Themagazinesreflect,too,theessentialspiritualatmosphereofourstrongholdsofCatholicity andofCatholicculture.

PIXIEPRINCE, twelve-year-olddaughterofMrs.E. Prince,Norseman,whowassuccessful ingainingaScholarshiptoSantaMaria College,Attadale.Pixiewasapupil oftheSistersofMercy,Norseman.

Thefree,secularschoolsoftheState arealreadycompulsoryforthosenot attendingdenominationalschools.But ifthejudiciaryispermittedtopass judgmentsofthetypequoted,the Stateschoolswillsoonbecompulsory inauniversalsense.Andasforthe peoplewhopatronisedenominational schoolsexpectingotherstopayfor them,surelyitistimethemagistrates foundoutthebootisontheotherfoot. Itisnotthesecularistswhosupport thedenominationalschool.Onthe contrary,wehavetheanomalousinjusticethatthepeoplewhorespect theirconsciencesregardingreligious educationhavetopaydoubletaxationtosupportthegodlesssystemof theStateschools.In'anycase,the childrenbelongtotheirparentsand nottoanyCourtofLaw,anditseems tousthatthemagistrateandhisassociateswentfarbeyondtheirpowers andthecanonsofgoodtasteineven expressingopinionastowhatschools childrenshouldattend.

Elsewhereintheworld,butnotably inEngland,theinsufficiencyand spiritualinanityofthesecularsystem

TheF.ystonsaredirectlydescended fromtheMorefamilythroughthe'marriageofasonofSt.ThomaswithAnne Crisaker,theheiressofBarnboro, Yorks.TheyhaveheldtheirBerkshirepropertyandmanorsinunbroken descentformorethanfivecenturies.In HendredHousearepreservedSt. Thomas'drirkingcupandSt.Johnof Rochester'swalkingstaff. BishopSaysRequiem.

BishopKing,AuxiliaryforPortsmouth,offeredaRequiemMass'atthe EastHendredchurch.ThePriorof Begbrokeassistedandanaddresswas givenbyFatherB.L.Morris. Membersofthefamilyandothers werepresent,includingCapt.G.E.T. Eyston,thefamousracingmotorist, andFatherLillie,ofBeaumontCollege.

EDDIEGUERINDIESA CATHOLIC.

Mr.EddieGuerin,famousescapee fromDevil'sIsland,'whodiedina Buryhospital,wasgivenaCatholic burialatthetowncemetery,saysthe "Universe."TheonlypersonspresentatthefuneralwereFatherB.J. Grant,ofSt.Marie's,theundertaker, andhisassistant.

Othernotablemagazinesthatwe havereceivedarethe"Downlands Magazine"(SacredHeartCollege, Downlands,Toowoomba,Queensland), TheParingaHallCollegian"(magazineoftheSacredHeartCollege,Glenelg,S.A.),andSt.Ildephonsus'College Annual(NewNorcia).

INMEMORIAM.

QUIA1N.-Ofyourcharity,prayfor theeternalreposeofthesoulof MaryQuain,whodiedFebruary8, 1987. -Insertedbyhersorrowinghusband andfamily.

HolyNameSociety:SacredHeart BranchFormed.

OnSunday,February2,abranchof theHolyNameSocietywasformedin theparishofKondinin.Thirty-three menwerereceivedintotheSocietyand theywerereceivedintheSacredHeart Church,Kondinin.Theceremonywas performedbytheRev.FatherRussell, ofNarrogin,assistedbyFatherStinson,theparishpriestofKondinin. Thereiseveryprospectthatthesemen willallbestaunchandloyaltotheobligationstheyhaveundertakenand theirgooddispositionsareattestedto bythefactthatsomeofthemtravelled nearly50milestobereceivedintothe liolyNameSociety.Faithsuchas thisisratheraninspiringgleamin thesegrimanddesperatedays.Congratulationstothemoneandall,and maytheyallbeworthyoftheirnew dignity.

SUBIACOYOUNGMEN'S CLUB

BeachTrip.

AbusoutingtoCityBeachwillbe conductedbytheClubonMonday, February24,andpromisedahotnight weexpectarecordcrowd.Thebus willleaveWellington-street,Perth,at 7p.m.,travelviaCambridge-street, andleaveSt.Joseph'sHallat7.15p.m. ThefarewillbeIs.each. AthleticClub.

MembersoftheAthleticClubareremindedthattheclubchampionships willbeconductedattheLeederville OvalonMarch8and15,respectively. Entriesforthevariouseventswill closewiththehon.secretary,Mr.G. Worner,oranyofthecommitteeon Saturday,March1.Entryformswill shortlybeavailablefromthesecretary. ClubJottings.

ThenextmeetingoftheClubwillhe onMonday,March3. Detailsinconnectionwiththeproposedclubfootballteamareprogressingsatisfactorily.

SHENTONPARK

ForthcomingMission.

TwooftheRedemptoristFathers willconductaMissionatSt.Aloysius' Church,Henry-street,commencingon Sunday,March23,andconcludingon Sunday,March30.Theparishioners are ityanxiouslyawaitingthisopportunforathoroughspiritualstocktaking. ItwillbethefirstMissioninthe parishsinceShentonParkbecameindependentofSt.Joseph's.Forthat reason,too,allareresolvedtomake theMissionwell,since"agoodbeginningishalfthebattle."

Forthosenotalreadyfamiliarwith them,weheregivetheboundariesof theShentonParkParish:Thomasstreet,Bagot-road(oddnumbers), Railway-road,Verdun-street.

HolyNameSociety.

TheannualgeneralmeetingofSt Aloysius'BranchoftheHolyName SocietytookplaceonSunday,February9,andwaswellattended.Several newmemberswerewelcomed,some havingtransferredfromotherbranches,andsomebeingnewaltogetherto thesociety.

Followingistheresultofthegeneral election:President,Mr.D.O'Brien; vice-president,Mr.P.Hackett:secretary,Mr.F.Beard;treasurer,Mr.B. Jones;councillors,Messrs.J.Forrestal, A.Pearce,W.H.Robinson,andK. Sheridan.

Thethreeprefects,viz.,Messrs.D. O'Brien,K.Sheridan,andA.Pearce. werere-electedforafurtherterm.Mr. J.McSweeneywasconfirmedinhis capacityofwardentothebranch.Mae. terT.O'Brienwaselectedprefectof thejuniorsection.

CATHOLICTENNIS ASSOCIATION

TheAssociationexecutivehasdecidedtoconductamerry-chaintournamentinaidoftheCatholicWelfare Organisation.ThisallimportantfixturewillbeheldonSunday,March30, attheZoologicalGardens,SouthPerth. Allmembersofthemetropolitanclubs areurgedtosupportthistournament, andtherebydotheirshareinhelping alongthegrandworkthattheC.W.O. isdoingforourCatholicmeninthe services.Furtherdetails,retheprice ofentry,etc.,willbeavailableinthe nextissue.

CountryCarnival. WithEasterlessthantwomonths away,preliminaryarrangementsarealreadyinhandretheholdingofthe annualcountrycarnival.Despitethe factthattheclubswillbeaffectedby enlistmentsintheA.I.F.andmilitia, etc.,itisexpectedthattheentrywill beuptothatofpreviousyears.

Thevariouscountryclubswillbe circularisedshortlyrethiscarnival, andtheexecutivewilleagerlyawait therepliesastotheirparticipationin thisgreatEasterattraction.

Cancellation.

Althoughitwaspreviouslystated thatatriptoGardenIslandwouldbe heldonSunday,March2,ithasnow becamenecessarytocancelthetrip, owingtotheimpossibilityofsecuring the"Emerald"onthatday,oronany otherSundayduringMarch.

CouncilMeeting.

Theinitialcouncilmeetingforthe newseasonwillbeheldinBacton HouseonFriday,February28.At thisassemblythenominationandelectionofthevariouscommitteeswill takeplace,soitisessentialthatall clubdelegatesbepresent.

Important.

Clubs'affiliationfees,togetherwith members'capitationfees,areduetobe inthehon.secretary'shandsbyMarch 1. Allclubsecretariesarerequested totakenoticeofthisfact.

Tit-BitsofInterest.

Mostclubsarenowfinalisingdetails inconnectionwiththeirannualtournaments.Wewonderiftherewillbe any"budding"championsthisyear.

TheresiansandHighgateClubsare wellrepresentedamongsttheholiday- makersatScarboroughthisseason. CottesloehasclaimedmanyofSt. Kevin'smembers.

Allowanceof20/-onoldRacquets- restive75/-Racquetfor58/atWimbledonSportsDepot,81(Basement) WilliamStreet.

MassTimeTable.

St.Mary's:7a.m.,8.30a.m.,and10 a.m.

ConventofMercy:8am.

ChristianBrothers'College:9a.m. HolyHour.

OnnextSundayeveningtheHoly HourwillbeconductedinSt.Mary's Church.lAsmostofourparishioners havereturnedaftertheirholidays,it isexpectedthattherewillbeanincreasedattendance. AnnualGeneralCommunion.

TheannualGeneralCommunionof theCatholicmenoftheGoldfieldswill beheldonSunday,March16.The annualCommunionbreakfastwillbe heldinSt.Mary'sHallafter7o'clock Mass.Tickets,2/6,arenowonsale. St.Patrick'sDayCelebrations.

Ajointmeetingoftheparishioners ofKalgoorlieandBoulderwasheldin St.Mary'sSchoolonlastSundayto makearrangementsfortheannualSt. Patrick'sDaycelebrations.Thenext meetingwillbeheldinBoulderafter 10o'clockMassonSunday,February 23.

Personal.

MissesMaryandPeterDillon,ofthe AustraliaHotel,Kalgoorlie,andMiss EileenGriffinandMissFrancesKeating,havereturnedhomeafteranenjoyableholidayatCottesloe.

COLLIE

HolyNameSociety.

Theelectionofofficersfor1941took placeonFebruary9aftereveningdevotions.Rev.FatherDivineythankedtheretiringofficersfortheirvaluableassistancerenderedtothesociety during1940,andexpressedthehope thatthecomingyearwouldheassuccessfulasthepast.

Theofficersfor1941are:President, W.Keenan;vice-president,J.Sanders;secretary,J.C.V.Martin;treasurer,StanJohnson;consultors,W. Madden,E.Moir,E.Daniels,0.Hanlen;prefects,PaddyTurley,Gordon Morey,FrankHenderson,BillQuinn, ZoviCottolonga,PatCliffard,Dan. 0.Donnell. AfterwardstheSpiritualDirector andtheexecutivediscussedways'and meansofimprovingthebranch. MassatWilga.

AttherequestofHisGracetheArchbishop,HolyMasswascelebratedin WilgaforthefirsttimeonSunday, February2.Theattendanceexceeded expectationsanditishopedthatan averageof50willberetainedduring eachsuccessivemonth.HolyMassis onthefirstSundayofeachmonthat 9a.m.;confessionsbeforeMass. Catechismsand"TheRecord"may bepurchasedinfutureatWilgaStore.

CatholicWomen'sLeague.

AttherequestofHisGracethe Archbishop,abranchoftheCatholic Women'sLeagueissoontobestarted inCollie.Itisdesirablethatasmany aspossibleshouldjoin.ItisexpectedthatthesocietywillmakerapicliorogressinCollie.

Personal.

WewelcometoCollieMissEileen Connelly,apaststudentofPresentationConvent,Collie,nowbackfrom theEasternStatesandteachingmusic attheConvent:Mr.ConKehoe,from theGoldfields;MissMoyaSmith,from WestPerth.

TheinfantdaughterofMr.andMrs. GeraldBrennan,ofVenn-street,Collie, wasbaptisedinSt.Brigid'sChurch, Collie,recently,andreceivedthename ofJudithAnne.

MilitaryWedding.

ThefirstmilitaryweddingtobesolemnisedinCollietookplaceatSt. Brigid'sChurchrecently,whenMiss MadgeBoylewasmarriedtoPrivate FredAnnesley,ofthe'A.I.F.,Northam. Rev.FatherDivines'officiated. SchoolPicnic.

TheConventSchoolhelditsannual picnicrecentlyatTelfer'sPool.Prizes werepresentedtothesuccessfulcompetitorsbyRev.FatherBriody,who inauguratedtheeventsomeyearsago. Thecommitteewhichworkedhardto ensurethesuccessoftheday,comprisedMesdamesDransfield,Ford,Madden, Milligan,Waywood,Williams,A. Davis,J.Davis,Jones,Boucher,Noonan,McGinnandGuancy,andMessrs. Wiggins,J.Henderson,Ghilotti,P. Williams.F.Taylor,G.Palmer,J.Anderson,W.Anderson,andRev.Father Divines'.Theywishtoacknowledge thegenerousassistancerenderedby Messrs.B.Hodgson,W.Anderson,and D.Meagher.

FORATRUELIVINGWAGEWENEED

SocialJusticedemandstheJustPrice.Thatisthatpricesarefixed bycompetentauthoritysothatallmattersofbuyingandselling mustservethecommongood.Theimmediateresultoffailureof competentauthority,thatisgovernments,toprotecttheJustPrice, istheinjusticeofIndustrialCapitalism;theultimateresultistheinjusticeofdespoticStatecontrol.

INthisimportantmatterletone issuebefirstmadeperfectlyclear.

TheJustPriceisanecessityfor SocialJustice:eitherwecontrolthe priceofarticlesandservicesbyjusticeorwedonot.Thereisnomiddle way.

Thereis,ofcourse,themiddleway inthesensethatwemaycontrolsome pricesandnotothers-butthereisno halfwayonthematterofprinciple. Onprincipleweagree,orwedonot, thatthemarketistobecontrolledby justice.Whateverhappensinpracticemaybeadifferentmatter.What isnowofextremeimportanceisthe issueofprinciple-thatthemarket mustbecontrolledonjusticeandmay notbeleftfree.

Theideathatpricesaretobeleft tofindtheirownlevelisnotonlyeconomicallyruinous-itisimmoral.

Itisimmoralbecauseitisthedeclarationthatmenneednotbother aboutGod'slawinallmatterswhich involvepricesorcharges.Itisimmoralbecauseitisthedeclarationthat menmaybelawlessandunprincipled intheirbusinessdealings.Therefore theJustPriceisanecessityforsound Christianlife.

WhatDoWeMeanByTheJustPrice?

TheJustPriceisthatwhichaman oughttopayforsomearticleorsome service.Itisnotthepricewhichhe isforcedtopay,eventhoughaforced pricemayhappentocoincidewiththe JustPrice,formanshouldnotbecontrolledbycompulsionbutbymorality.Itisnotthepricethataman decidestopayoffhisownbat,soto speak,becausewhathedecidesmay notbejust,andhehasnorighttodecidewhatheshallpayabakerforhis breadoraservantforhisservice.

TheJustPriceis,therefore,aprice settledaswhatoughttobepaidfor thisorforthat.

Itisimportant,moreover,torealise thattheJustPriceisaFixedPricenotrigidlyfixedsothatitcannever alter,butfixedsothatitcannotbe playedwithbyprivatepersonsforprivategain.

TheJustPriceis,therefore,aprice fixedordecidedbysomecompetent authoritywhichisresponsibleforthe commongoodofthepeopleinthematterofthemarketandcharges.There areavarietyofwaysinwhichthedecisionastotheJustPricecanbesettled,andanygoodwaywilldo.The all-importantthingisthatmenunderstandthenecessityoftheJustPrice anddiscoversomesensiblewayin whichtheyareabletodeterminewhat theyoughttopayforthisorforthat. Onenationmayadoptonemethod, anothermayfindanotherway-andit maybeimpossibletosaywhichisthe nett'method.Whatmattersisthat agoodmethodbefoundandacted upon.

PricesNeverinRealityFree.

Therehasbeenmuchchatterabout freepricesandfreemarketsasthough ithasactuallybeenthecasethatmen haveleftpricestocompletelyfreedecision.Speciallytherehasbeenthe theorythatpriceshavebeendeterminedbysupplyanddemand-sothatif demandishighandsupplyissmall, priceswillbehigh;norneedwedeny thatsupplyanddemandhassomeeffectsonpricesthatarenotcontrolled byacompetentauthority.

Whatwedosayisthatthereisno absoluteeconomiclawwhishoperates, whethermenlikeitornot,todeterminethepriceofgoodsandservices.

Whennocompetentauthorityintervenes,thepricesofthemarketare usuallyriggedbymenwhoarepowerfulenoughtoexertinfluencefortheir owngain.Theywillcreatefalsesupplyorfalsedemand-theywillagree thattheywillpaysomuch-theywill operatenotontheeconomicneedsof thepeoplebutontheirownneedsfor makingprofits.Andpowerfulmen, powerfuleconomically,haveexerted ruinouscontroloverprices;ruinous forothersandfavourableforthemselves.

Thefactsofthecasearethatunless pricesarecontrolledbycompetentauthority,theyarecontrolledbypeople whoareinnowayresponsibleforthe commongood.Anditisextremely difficulttounderstandhowaGovern-

mentcanruleforthetruecommon goodofthepeopleifthemarketis notcontrolledbyJustice.Itisextremelydifficulttounderstandhowa Governmentcanbeexcusedfromabdicatingitssovereignpowerifitallows privatepersonstorunthemarket-or evenifitallowsthemarkettorun free,ifthatbepossible.

Forthecommongoodrequiresthat themarketbecontrolledinaccordance withtheneedsofthecommongood.

TheCommonGoodRequirestheJust Price.

Sometherearewhoproclaimthat thecommongoodrequiresafreemarketandafreeprice-butthatmeans thatthecommongoodrequiresthat thepeopleknownotwheretheystand withthevalueoftheirmoney.How muchfromweektoweekandfrom monthtomonthwillthepoundbuyin thewayofgeneralgoods?Thatisa mostimportantmatter.Ifthepeoplecannotbesureofthat,theycannot liesureofthestaplethingsoflife. Thentheywillneverbecontentwith anyamountofmoneyasaweeklyor monthlyrevenue-becausetheywill neverbesurethattheirmoneywillbuy enough.Theymaywakeuponemorningtodiscoverthatwhatbeforesufficedasincomeisnolongerenough.

Andthemanufacturercannotbe sureofhispricesorcosts-thereforehe cannotbesureofhisground.Sotrade suffers.Andincontractsmencease toholdtheirownwordornameas sacred.Eventheirsignaturesdonot bindthem.Yetitiscertainlyimportantthatcontractsbeheldsacred andbinding.Buthowshallwejustlybindamantohiscontract,ifafter hehassignedthecontract,prices change?Arewejustifiedinbinding himtostandbyathingthatwobbles upanddownsothatoneneverknows fromonemonthtoanotherwhereitis?

Mostcertainlyinourmodernworld menplayallsortsoftrickswithcontracts-andonereasonwhytheydo soisthattheyhaveforsolonglivedin aworldofunstablevalues.They havebeeneducatedtotheideathat priceschange,costsriseandfall,Chargesarenotstable.Thentheyrefuse tostandbycontracts,thentheyare readytoplayallsortsoftrickswith contractsinordertomakemoney.

TheLivingWage.

OneofthedemandsmadebyCatholicteachingisthatatruelivingwage bepaidtotheworkingman:buthow canatruelivingwagehedetermined ifpricesaretochange?Whatisalivingwageoneweekmayceasetobe suchaweeklater.Priceshaverisen. Thewagenolongerbuyswhatitdid. Thereforeforstabilityoflifeforthe workingpeople,stablepricesarenecessary. Andthereisonlyoneprincipleon whichtostabiliseprices-theprinciple ofjustice,theprinciplethatstates thatthisisthepricethatoughttobe paidforthisarticleorforthatservice.

ThePriceLevel.

Inordertoallowmentoknowwhere theystandwithvalueinmoney,in ordertodeterminethelivingwage,in ordertogivestabilitytocontracts, thereisnoneedtofixrigidlyandabsolutelythepriceofeveryarticleand everykindofservice.Whatisessentialistosecurethatthepoundwill, monthinandmonthout,purchasethe sameamountofgeneralgood-sothat thehousewifemaygoabouthershoppingandbringhomewithherforher poundthe'samequantityofgeneral sunolies.

Theessentialthingisthatthegeneralrangeofpricesisstable,andthat menpaythesepricesbecausethey oughttodoso.Thenthepricelevel issteady,thepoundwillpurchasethe sameamountofgeneralgoodsfrom monthtomonth.Thenjusticein economyisserved.

ProtectedPrice.

TheJustPriceisaprotectedprice; itisnecessarytorealisethisbecause otherwisemenwillbeallowedtotamperwithpricesonthisexcuseorthat. Ifapriceiswhatoughttobepaid, menmustpayitpreciselybecause theyought.Anddecentmenshould hewillingtopaywhattheyoughtto pay.Noeconomicargumentisvalid

againsttheJustPrice.Thenitisthe functionofGovernmenttoprotectthe JustPrice-ortoprotecttheJust PriceLevel.

Thatsuchprotectionmakestheinterventionofauthoritynecessaryin businessistoocleartoneedexplanation.Butwhatmaynotbesoclear totheaveragemindisthis:ifthat sortofinterventiondoesnotexist,the so-calledfreemarket,freefromtheinterventionofcompetentauthority, tendstobecomesolawlessandsounjustthatundueStatecontrolisthe result.

Itmustbeunderstoodthatgambling inthestapleneedsoflifeisintolerable.Theso-calledfreemarketmay beripeforthemoney-makerswhogive inreturnfortheirprofitsnothingworth whileinthewayofgoodsorservices, butariseofonehalf-pennyinthe priceofaloafofbreadmaybevery seriousformanypeople.Because therehasbeennodueprotectionof pricesforthesakeofthecommon goodofthepeople:muchmoneyhas beenmade,menhavegrownrich.But theyhavegrownrichonnoprinciple ofjustice;theyhavegrownrichbecausethemarkethasnotbeengovernedontheprinciplesofjustice;becausepriceshavebeenallowedtoriseand fallwithoutrespectforjustice,becausethemarkethasbeenunstable.

Whatcountsinthemarketisnot thatmencanmakemoneyeasily,what onlycountsintheendisthatthemarketiscontrolledforthecommongood -andthejustpriceisnecessaryfor thecommongood.

MoralEffect.

Oneimportantremarkremains-one ofthefolliesofourdayisthatweexpectmenwhoactonnoprincipleof justiceinthematterofpricesforgoods andservices,tobejustinotherrespects.Wedonot,apparently,realise weignorethemorallawinone fieldoflife,wearesuretoignoreitin others.Becausethemarkethasfor solongbeenbereftofjusticeandthe morallaw,menhavelosttheirrespect formoralsinothermatters.Thisis averygravelyimportantconsideration.

WepointoutthatinthegreatEncyclicalstheHolySeedemandsJusticeforthemarketplace-thatPius XI,forinstance,in"Quadragesimo Anno"speaksofthefact,thatrising andfallingpricesforthesakeof money-makingwithoutrenderingtrue serviceorgivingproductiveworth,upsetsthecalculationsof manufacturers. -(CatholicSocialGuildarticleinthe "N.Z.Tablet.")

JesuitScientist Discovers30,000-YearOldSkeletons

AOCEPTEDtheoriesaboutprehistoricmanmayberevisedas theresultofdiscoveriesandinvestigationsmadebyRev.JosephDoherty,S.J.,oftheBostonCollegeDepartmentofAnthropology,whohasarrivedhomeatLostAngeles,aftersix yearsofrecearchworkinSyria.

Discoveryofskeletonsoftwochildren.buriedinaSyriancaveapproximately30,000yearsago,duringthe StoneAge,marksoneofthemostimportantfindsmadebyFatherDoherty. Thesemayprovetobetheoldestspecimensofmanasheisnowknown,the priestsaid.

Themostimportantaspectof thediscoveriesliesinthefactthat, asinthecaseofmodernchildren, bothoftheunearthedfaceshave straightchinsandstraightforeheads.

Scientificdiscoveriesofman-like formsofpreviousages,suchasthe NeanderthalMan,thePiltdownMan, theHeiderbergMan,thePekingMan, andtheRhodesianMan,differfrom theminthefactthattheircountenancesareape-like.

Thediscoverywasmadeinacave adjacenttoAntelias,nearBeirutin theLebanon,whereFatherDoherty workedincollaborationwiththeRev. J.F.Ewing,S.J.,anativeofNewJersey,andattachedtoAteneodeManila.

SkeletonsWellDefined.

Thewell-definedformsoftwochildren,approximatelysevenandeight yearsofage,werefoundlyingnextto eachother.Ofoneformthereremainsthewholeskull,theforearm boneandacompletethighbone.The skull,althoughcrushedbyarock,had everynecessaryfragmentpresentto makeidentificationperfect.Ofthe secondskeletonthelowerjaw,with teethintact,showedplainly,aswellas theribbonesandalonglimbbone.

Otherhonesofthehumanforms weresurroundedbyasoildifferentin character,andhadturnedtohard stone,whichhasperfectlypreserved lefttheminsuchcondition thattheymayberemovedbycareful stonedissection.

Thecavehasbeencarefullysealed bytheFrenchGovernment,fromwhich PermissionwasobtainedbyBoston Collegetopursuetheinvestigations.

SOUTHFREMANTLEWINS

AresidentofSouthFremantlewon thef20firstprizeintheNo.36weekly drawingoftheLotteriesCommission onSaturdaylast.Thereissuretobe keeninterestintheNo.37weekly drawingwhichwilltakeplacenextSat. urday.Mr.J.H.Railton,ex-Chief TrafficManageroftheRailwayDe partment,willofficiate.

HolyNameSociety.

Thefourthannualgeneralmeeting oftheSt.Joseph'sBranchoftheHoly NameSocietywasheldrecentlyinthe presenceofalargegatheringofmembers.Thevice-president(Mr.W. Patterson)wasinthechair,duetothe unavoidableabsenceofthepresident, Mr.E.O'Mahony.TheSpiritualDirector,Rev.FatherO'Sullivan,wasalso present.Mr.J.W.Wall,thebranch secretary,inhisannualreportofthe year'sactivities,statedthattheattendancesatthemonthlyCommunionand meetingshadbeengood,butcouldbe improvedupon.Thebalancesheet submittedbythetreasurer(Mr.B.L. Ryan),showedthebranchtobeina goodfinancialposition.Attheconclusionofthereportstheelectionof theoffice-bearerstookplace.

St.Kevin'sTennisClub.

Theclubconductedaverysuccessful picturenightatthePiccadillyTheatre onFridayeveninglast,when40membersandfriendsattended.Theentertainmentwasmostenjoyable,and ourpatronsareremindedthatasimilarfunctionwillbeinstoreforthem veryshortly.

TheannualclubchampionshiptournamentwillcommenceonMarch15 and16,andcontinueonfollowingweekends.Entrieswillclosewiththe hon.secretary(Mr.RonMorris),or anyofthecommitteeonSunday, March9.Theclub'sannualgeneral meetingwillbeheldinSt.Joseph's HallonTuesday,March11,at8.15 p.m.Thecommitteerequeststheattendanceofallmembers,asveryimportantbusinessconcerningtheclubin generalwillbediscussed.

ThisSunday(February23)thesecondofthesocialengagementswiththe HighgateClubwillbeplayed.The No.1teamwillengageHighgateNo. athome,whiletheNo.2teamwill playaway.Bothmatcheswillcommenceat2p.m.,andshouldprove mostenjoyable.

FORSALE.

AComfortableBrickHOUSE;six rooms;tileroof;nearMonasteryand transport;inperfectcondition;wood andgasstoves,bathheaterandbasin; 57feetfrontage;bargain."M.B.,' thisoffice.

.=.1.1=.04M10411M41

RacingSelections

GOODWOODCLUB.

Saturday,February22,1941. (BeforeAcceptances.)

GoodwoodStakes:CharmGold,1; Ciric,2;Kerlion,3. RivervalePurse(FirstDivision): LordProctor,1;Kerlion,2;Oakboy,B. GoodwoodPlate:Pandemonium,1; CharmingWave,2;Culga-carrie,3. RivervalePurse(SecondDivision) Marbury,1;Frangus,2;Dragonet,3. GoodwoodHandicap:WestWind,1; Ragtime,2;Chironomy,3. WelterHandicap:Mahogany,1; Dollator,2;Trikeshot,3.

TrottingSelections

GLOUCESTERPARK.

Saturday,February22,1941. KellerberrinHandicap: Prince Yamma,1;FlyingDaly,2;Austin's Globe,3. WaginHandicapPalmerston,1; LuluGold,2;EugowraLady,3. NarroginHandicap:MyChum,1; BlackYamma,2Mareche,3. CountryTrottingDerby:RedFred, 1;Lin'sRelic,2;Freofornia,3. HarveyHandicap:GoldVale,1;Em eraldPride,2;RoyalEdna,3. CountryClubs'Handicap:Light Globe,1;Fred'sBest,2;ArabianLass, 3. KalgoorlieHandicap:MillAdonis,1; FairAntique,2;BrightGus,3.

TurningEducation intoPropaganda

Eheartothepointofwearinessthatthepublicschool mustteachscientificandhistoricaltruth.Ofcourseitmust.But anymanwhohaseverfollowedresearchesinasinglelineofscienceor history,andbeenstruckwiththe many-sidednessofthefindings,the dramaticchangesaveryfewyearsmay bringinthetheorieswhichholdthe field,andaboveallthetentativeness andintellectualcautionexpressedby thereallygreatscientificandhistorical minds-suchamanseesterrificdifficulties.

Helooksaboutforthecommitteeof intelligenceswhoaretosettle,once andforall,inthefaceofthesedifficulties,justwhatisscientificandhistoricaltruth-andwhatdoeshesee?

Agroupofpublic-schoolteachers;men andwomenwhoattheirverybest haveonlyalimitedgraspofthematerialandoftheproblemsitinvolves.

Afterthefirstshock,ifheisaman ofsenseandgoodwill,hesaystohimselfthathewillbecontentifthese controversialsubjectsaretaughtwith anhonestemphasisontheproblems, andwithsometokenofintellectualhumilityonthepartoftheteachers.

Again,whatdoeshesee?Doeshe everbyanychanceseethedogmatist, thebigot,thefanatic,makingaselectionoffactsbytasteortemperament, andrigidlyteachingthemas"truth" underpainofflunking?Doeshe everhearmaterialdetermismtaughtin biologyandpsychology,Marxianinternationalismderidedas"outmoded"?

Alasandalas!

Andthesequestionspointstraight toothers,evenmorebasic.Whatare therightsofthecommunity?What, preciselyis,this"community"?

Isitmerely,asonemightbetemptedtothinkwhenhearingthedebates, agroupofreactionarieswieldingarbitrarypowerwhichhasbeenentrusted tothemforsomeblindreason?Not exactly.Itiscomposedofthosewho producethechildrentaughtinthe schools.Whatrightshavetaxpeyers? And,anevenmorevitalquestion, whatrightshaveparents?

Wheneducationhasaskedthese questions,andendeavouredtoreplyto themspecifically,itwillbeinabetter positiontomakeadefenceofitsown legitimaterights;rightswhich,inturn, nosanepersondenies.

CATHOLIC WOMEN'SLEAGUE

CathedralBranch.

Thebranchheldacommitteemeetingon17th.inst.,andmadearrangementsforthegeneralmeetingtobe heldintheCathedralHallonMarch 3,at8p.m.Allmembersandintendingmembersareurgedtobepresentto hearthereportforthepastyearand toelectofficersforthecomingyear. EveryCatholicwomanintheparish shouldbelongtotheLeagueandassist inthegoodworkitisdoing.The meetingwillconcludewithasocial,and membersareaskedtobringtheusual plate.

Sequelto"Boys'

PICTUREWILLHELPTO REDUCEDEBT.

THOUSANDSoffilmgoerswho sawtheMGM.production, "Boys'Town,"willbeinterestedtolearnthatanothermotionpicturedealingwiththeworkofMgr. EdwardFlanagan,founderof"Boys' Town,"willshortlybeproducedby thesamecompany.

Thefollowingannouncementismade inthe"Boys'TownTimes,"thepaper publishedbytheboysofFatherFlanagan'sBoys'Home,Nebraska: "Thecontractcallingforthesequel to'Boys'Town'hasjustbeensigned byMgr.Flanagan,andpreviouslyby E.J.Mannix,vice-presidentandgeneralmanagerofM.G.M.

"FortherighttobaseanothermovingpictureonthelifeofFr.Flanagan, Metro-Goldwyn-Maheragreedtopay Fr.Flanagan'sBoys'Home100,000 dollars,whichwillbeappliedagainst itspresenthalf-a-milliondollardebt incurredfornewbuildingstotakecare of500homelessboys.Theexpansion programmefollowedthereleaseofthe firstpicture,whichresultedinhundredsofrequestsfromhomelessboys foradmittance.

"AlthoughMetro-Goldwyn-Mayeris anxioustomakethesecondpicture," saidMr.Considine,theproducerofthe original"Boys'Town,""ithasalsofelt anobligationbecausetheBoys'Town' movieattractedsomanyhomeless boystoFr.Flanagan'sHome.The amountwhichMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Town

willpayFr.Flanaganwillgivehiman opportunitytoreducehisbuildingexpansiondebtandbroadenthefacilities ofservice."

Thesecond"Boys'Town"picturewill beacompletelynewstory,andwill carryontheromanceof"Boys'Town" aftertheboysleavetheHome.AccordingtoJamesK.McGuiness,script writer,itwilldealwiththeexperiences ofanex-mayorofBoys'Town.Mickey Rooneywillagaintakethepartof WhiteyMarsh.SpencerTracywill continuetoplaythepartofFr.Flanagan.NormanTaurog,whodirected theoriginalpicture,willalsodirectthe newmovie.

"IamhappythatourHomeand Metro-Goldwyn-Mayerhavearrivedat asignedunderstandinginregardto thesequeltothenewinternationally famous'Boys'Town'picture,"said Mgr.Flanagan,aftersigningthecontract."ThelargedebtonourHome willbereducedbytheamountpaidto us,andwewillbegivenanotheropportunitytopresenttotheworldthe humanitarianandcharacter-building workthatisbeingdonein'Boys' Town.'"

Mr.McGuinessisawell-knownwriter inHollywoodcircles.Hesaidthathis ordersaretocompletethemovie scriptassoonaspossiblesothatproductioncanstartattheearliestmoment.Heestimatesthatthescript shouldbefinishedwithinthreemonths, andproductionwillbestartedassoon asSpencerTracyandMickeyRooney havefinishedtheirpresentcommitments.

at10.25a.m., 1.32p.m.,4.37 p.m.,7.55p.m.

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayerpr.-

SPENCERTRACY inClarenceBrown'sproduction

EmsoNige with RitaJOHNSONLynneOVERMAN CharlesCOBURNGeneLOCKHART

TOGETHERWITH ABRILLIANT

ARRAYOFM.O.M.

FEATURETTES

ThefollowingBrewer3Epitaphis recalledbyFraJuniperinthe"Universe": Burtonthebrewer,helie;here. Inlifehewasbothhaleandstout. Deathlaidhimonabitterbier. Inanotherworldhehopsit:,out.

Drainageworkmentunnellingunder theWellingtonCemeterydu,:ngthe weekdisturbedacoffinwhichproved nevertohavecontainedabody.

Thisdiscoveryisinsharecontrast tothatreportedonnage13,thata Jesuitscientisthasunearthedahuman skeletonnotknowntohaveexisted. Itis30,000yearsold.

* Sport. Billiardhistorywasmadebyworld championWalterLindrumonFriday night,whenhescored100intherecord timeof51seconds.Hewasplaying attheJournalists'Club.

ReportersweregratifiedtoseeLindrumtakethecue.

* tit Employeesaretotakeanequalshare withemployersinthecontrolofindustry,statesacablemessagefrom Ottawa.

Theroundtableseemstobethebest placeforgettingasquaredeal.

.1, Diocese"Finds"81,000Catholics. AcensusoftheIndianapolisdiocese, U.S.A.,hasrevealedthatithas178,468 Catholics-81,000morethanhadbeen previouslyestimated.

Itisunderstoodthatmembersofthe policeforcewereinadvertentlyomitted fromthefirstcount.

TheMarquisofMacswiney,ofMashanaglassrecentlysuggestedthatBritainshouldreturnMaltatothe KnightsofMalta.OnSundaythe strongholdwasraidedbyenemyplanes tentimes,arecordforasingleday, andmaking63raidsin11days.

Weshallprobablyreturnthebombs first.

* * * *

Fitting. Lieut.-CommanderGeneTunney, whoretiredundefeatedasheavyweight boxingchampionoftheworldafter reachinghisgoalofonemilliondollars,hasreceivedanavalcommission asphysicaldirector. Hereceiveditpersonallyfromthe handsofUnitedStatesSecretary Knox.

Twelveboa-constrictorswerebornat theSouthPerthZooonWednesday. 'Thesnakeisoneofaspecieswhich waitintreesforitsprey,whichit stranglesandcrushesbeforeconsuming.

Ontheotherhandthetax-collector doesnotclimbtrees.

MetropolitanSocialCouncil Bro.Burrowespresidedoverthe meetingand)delegatesrepresented Highgate,Leederville,EastVictoria Park,St.Patrick's,Subiaco,Victoria. Park,Midland,Maylands,SouthPerth, andDistrictBoard.Cottesloewas successfulinwinningthe"B"Grade competition.Theannualpicnicwill beheldatKeane'sPointonSunday, February23.BoatsleaveBarrackstreetJettyat11o'clock,andreturning7.30p.m.Agoodsportsprogramme hasbeenarranged.Gingerbeerand sweetsforthechildren.Thispicnicis notconfinedtomembersonly.The nextmeetingofthesocialcouncilwill beheldonFriday,February28.

OurLadyHelpofChristiansBranch, EastVictoriaPark.

Thequarterlymeetingofthebranch tookplaceonTuesday,February11, andwasfairlywellattended.Bro.M. Priestpresided.ThequarterlyCommuniontookplaceonSunday,February16,buttheattendancewasnot quiteuptostandard.Ofcoursea numberofmembersareincamp.All lookforwardtotheannualpicnic,and themalemembersaredoingtheirbest toupholdthereputationofthisbranch.

CAn

ITisanuglyword-eventhesound ofitisuglybutuglierfararethe feelingsitarousesinus!Itis, also,asnareandadelusion-whatever waywelookatit,itseemstobea mostunpleasantbusiness.

Whatis"anuglyword"?

"Whatis'asnareandadelusion?" NfORTIFICATION.

Itsoundsugly,doesitnot?Mention ofitcausesamostunpleasantsinking feeling.

But,

Howisitasnareandadelusion

Answer:-

ANursehearsareallygoodsermon thatmakesherwant,onceandforall, toputintopracticeallthosenoblest resolutionsshemayhavetakenfrom timetotime-tobekinderthanever beforetoallabouther;tosayherprayersasprayerswereneversaidsincethe worldbegan;totalkaboutholythings untilmenarewontolistenandamend; but,morethanallthesethings,to mortifyherselffor,afterall,whatis HolinesswithoutMortification?she says;indeed,tobeholyistobemortifiedandtobemortifiedistobeholy.

So,withgreatresolution,shestarts outonthisruggedpathofHoliness. Awaywithbaconandeggsinthemorningorevenboiledeggs-justteaand alittlebreadwith,possibly,asuggestionofbutter.Herothermealsare moredrasticstill.Noristhatail. WiththeSaints,mortificationmeant cuttingdownsleep,soshedoesthat, makingvisitstotheChapelwhenother Nursesarefarinthelandofdreams. Andsuchthingsaspebblesinhershoes -thoughthatworkshavocwithher Alcstockings-areadailyoccurrence.

7ButallthisintensiveHolinessbecomesburdensome,afterawhile.She findsitwearisometositdowntodinnerdayafterday,consciousthatshe willbejustashungryafterasbefore; lifebecomesanervybusinesswhen shehascutdownsleeptotheheroic minimum.Theintolerableburdenof Holinessseemstomakethingsimpossible!

Shedoesnotadmitthisyet,bit-bybit,herpracticesofmortificationbegin tofalloff."Justthistime,sinceIam lunchingwithSo-and-So,I'lltakeasubstantialmeal.""I'vehadahardday so,justto-night,I'llhaveeighthours' sleep.""Ishan'tspendanhourinthe Chapelto-day;I'mtootired."And thisgoesonandon,untilherpractices ofmortificationhavegonealtogether. Thetraphassnappedshut.Shehas beensnaredanddeluded.

Whatpreciselyisthesnareandthe delusioninallthis?Itis,principally, thatshehasmistakentheMeansfor theEnd.Shehasconsideredthat Holinessconsistedinthepracticeof setmortificationsandMortification,itself,sheconsideredasmakingherself asuncomfortableaspossible.

Thisisamistake.Holinessdoes notconsistofthepracticeofsetmortification;norisMortificationthecult ofuncomfortableness.HolinessconsistsinconformitywiththeWillof God.Thatisaratherabstractway ofputtingit-itcanbecalled,roughly, doingwhatGodputsusonearthtodo. Whatthatis,ourFaithtellsus;and

SPRINTCYCLES 554ALBANYROAD, VICTORIAPARK.

RADIOS,NEWANDUSED. EasyTerms-£1Deposit. 'PHONE:M1582.

S.J.LUCF,. MELRAYGROCERYSTORE, StirlingHighway,Cottesloe. ResidentsandVisitorswillfindour LargeStocksofGroceries,Wines,AlesandSpirits alloftheHighestQualityatBedrockPrices.

BRYANT&WATERS

80to90STIRLINGST..PERTH. WOODandCOALMERCHANTS.

OrdersPromptlyAttendedto 'Phone B3938.

GERALDTON

GERALDTONIceWorks MARINETERRACE,GERALDTON. ManufacturersandSuppliersof PUREICE,FRESHFISHand CRAYSthroughouttheMurchisAn. P.OBox16. 'Ph 243.

Word

OurLordbyHisLifeshowedusthe perfectlivingexampleofit.Wehave examplesalsointhelivesofOurLady andtheSaints.

"But,ah!"yousay,"lookatthe livesoftheSaints;lookatthemortificationstheypractised-awfuland austerethingsIshouldn'tdreamof doing."Well,letusconsiderMortifi cationthen.Mortificationisameans towardsHoliness;ameansofbringing ourlivesintoconformitywiththeWill ofGod;ameansofbringingourunruly bodiesintosubjectiontoourwill,while ourwillisconformedtothatofGod.

Letussupposethat,insteadofstartingtomortifyourselvesassoonaswe resolvetobeholy,webeginbytrying tobeholy-todowhatGodwantsus todo.First,Hewantsustoavoid Mortalsin.WithHishelp,wehave beentryingtodothat.ButHewants ustodomore.Hewantsustoavoid Venialsin.

TotrytoavoidalldeliberateVenial sinisnotsoeasy.Wethinkofacuttingthingtosayandoutitcomes;we findthatwelistentomaliciousgossip inspiteofourselves,itseems;that bookwearereadingisnotdoingour Faithanygood-still,"everyone"is readingitjustnowanditwouldbe veryawkwardtoconfessthatwehad notdoneso!Thesethingsandthe hundredothersthatcropuparenotso easytoavoid. And,somehow,it seemsuselesstomakearesolutionthat wewillavoidthem.Whenourresolutionisstrong,theDevilartfully keepsawayandwegetnothingto practiseon:so,theresolutiongraduallyweakensandthen,"ring,''ourold enemyflashesinsideourguardandwe havefallenagain.

Whatistobedoneaboutit?What doesaswordsmandowhenhefindshe isnotverygoodatsword-play?Does hegoaroundlookingforpeople to, fight?No!Hepractisesthecut-andthrustinhisbackyard,untilhegets goodenoughtodotherightthingautomaticallyinafight.Whatshould wedo,whenwerealisethatwecannot keepourtonguefromraspingother people?Whatshouldwedowhen oureyesalmost,itseems,inspiteofus -lookwheretheyshouldnot?What shouldwedowhenourearslistento allkindsofmaliciousgossipandwedo notseemabletoturnthemelsewhere? Whatshouldwedo?Ifwearein earnestaboutthesethings,weshould decidethatwearegoingtogetcontrol ofourunrulyeyesandearsandtongue-ofthiswholeunrulybodythat willnotdowhatitoughttodo.

AndthatiswhatMortificationprincipallyis. Wefindthatwehavenotgotcontrol ofourunrulyinclinations,sowepractiseuntilwehavethatcontrol.Ifwe sometimeswalkdownafashionable streetwithoutlookingintotheshop windowsorletawholedaygoby withoutthoseunnecessaryglancesin themirror,wearefarmorelikelyto beabletokeepoureyesfromthings whicharedefinitelysinfulthanifwe didnotdothesethings.If,occasionally,weswitchofftheradiojustwhen afavouritesongiscomingthroughor leavethecirclebeforetheendofa verygoodstory,wearefarlesslikely tobeledbytheearsintosin.

Andsooftherest.Mortificationis thetrainingofourselvessothatwe maybecomeholy,sothatallourinclinationsmaybesubjecttoourwill andourwill,ofcourse,inconformity withtheWillofGod.

Mortification,evensounderstood,is noteasy;butitneedneverweighus downwithintolerableburdens.To getitseffects,longfastsandoutlandishpenancesarenotnecessary(indeed, penanceswhichareoutoftheordinary,and,mostofall,thosewhichaffect foodandsleep,shouldneverbeundertakenuntilwehaveleavefromour Confessorforthem).Neitherisit necessarythat,justbecausewehave mortifiedourselvesinsuchawaytoday,wemustthereforeforeverafter continuethatparticularpractice.That wouldcertainlybecomeintolerableas timewenton.Letusvarytheactsnow,mortifyoureyes;now,ourtongue and,again,ourears;yetagain,our wholebody.

Littlewayswillsuggestthemsedves, ifweareinearnest.Ourcharacter willgrowinstrength,ourgriponourselvesbecomemoresecureandour bodyrespondmorereadilywhenwe turnitintothepathofHoliness.Escapingallsnaresanddelusions,we shallfindthattherereallyisawayof climbingtheMountofHoliness,away whichdoesnotdepressusortakeall thegaietyfromlifeandawaywhich givesaPeacetheworldcannotgive.(ByRev.P.O'Brolchain,S.J.,inthe

atSubiaco.

Fremantlev.NorthPerth,atFrePuckett.Matchaftermatchheskittleshisopponents,anditisveryseldomthathedoesnotsecureabigbag mantle.

EastPerthv.W.A.C.A.,atWIAC.A. Briefiets.

LesCharlesworthcouldnotquite makethegradeinClaremont'sside-or sotheclubselectorsthought-buton transferringtoSubiaco,hecommanded immediatesuccess.AgainstEast PerthonSaturdayhecompiled118not out,hissecondcenturyinningsforthe season.Hebatsverycorrectlyand ha:aniceblendofcautionandenterprise. WhatwouldWestPerthdowithout thedestructivebowlingofCharlie ofwickets.AgainstMt.Lawleyhis figureswere6for35andfor31.

Mt.Lawley'sskipper,DickBryant, showedgoodformingetting38not outagainstWestPerth,whilebrother Billtop-scoredinthefirstinningswith 17. EricMcKenzieplayedhisbestinningsforsometimeinnotching64 againstNorthPerth.Hisrunscame fromawiderangeofstrokes,andwas aexcellentdisplay.

Syd.Barnes,youngN.S.W.batsman, hasmadesixcenturiesthisseason, andattimeofwritinghadyettobat inthesecondinningsforN.S.W.v. Victoria.TherecordnumberforAustraliaisseven,heldbyDonBradman andWalterHammond.AsN.S.W. hasyettoplaySouthAustralia,Barnes hasanexcellentchanceofsettingup newfigures.Hehadmade(attime ofwriting)920runsfortheseason.If hesecuresanother80hewillreachhis 1,000,afeataccomplishedbyBradman onnolessthantenoccasions.

COUNTRYWEEK.

K.Bradley,captainoftheMorawa team,mustbetheyoungestleaderofa countryteam,forheisonlyseventeen yearsofage.HeisanOldBoyof ChristianBrothers'College,Geraldton, andduringtheweekhasdistinguished himselfwithbatandball,aswellas showinggoodqualitiesasaleader. PlayingagainstYorkhesecureda "hattrick."

MorganHerbert,Tambellup'sbrilliantall-rounder,isanOldBoyof Aquinas.Hehasbeentheoutstandingperformeroftheweek,andonFriday,againstNorseman,hemade103 notoutinbrilliantstylein61minutes.

ManyotherOldBoysofAquinas andSt.Ildephonsusfiguredprominentlyduringtheweek,whichproved highlysuccessfulfromeveryviewpoint.

ChristianBrothers'College,Perth (EastPerth''C"Grade)registereda goodwinoverMt.Lawleyinthe WiA.C.A.competition. Christiansscored155anddismissed Mt.Lawleyfor55and84.Successful secondinning'sbowlersforChristians wereElliott(3for28),Daily(2for 14),andRigg12for9).

THENANDNOW.

Writes"Jamwood":

"Thistime25yearsagoyoucould hearthecrythatLesDarcyshouldgo tothewear;andasthemonthswentby itswelledintoanangryroar.Darcy hadjustturned20,andwasthesole bread-winnerforalargefamily,which, untilhebegantoshareinbigpurses, wasverypoor.Despitethissternand unbendingpatriotskeptathimtillhe stoleawayonthewildadventurethat seastoendafewmonthslaterina foreignhospital.

"Whatadifferencethereisnowa days!"-and"Jamwood"mighthave added:It'sadifference,very,very muchforthebetter."

GOLF.

Itisseldomthataplayerhasthe pleasureofrecordingawininhisfirst competitivegame,butsuchhappened atNedlandslastweekwhenDr.WebsterandA.Drywonafour-ballbest ballcompetitionwithatallyof4up, buttheyonlygotthereafteracount backwithJ.CluneandBurgess. HenryCotton.

Probablytheworld'sgreatestteacher ofgolf,andoneoftheoutstanding playersofalltime,HenryCotton, writesinterestinglyonallphasesofthe game.Thisisfromhispen:"IcanrecallthatatatournamentinAmerica inwhichIwasplayingtherewasa 'crying-room,'towhichallthegrumblersweresenttofinishtheirtalesof woe.Itwasthefunniestthingin theworldtoseethosewhohada grouchbeinginvitedtopurchaseropes,

SPORTINGQUIZ.

AnswerstoLastWeek'sQuestions.

1.Thefourthingstobetaken intoconsiderationingivingan l.b.w.decisionare:11)Didthe ballpitchinastraightlinebetweenwicketandwicket,orcn theoffsideofthestriker'sw.) ket?12)Wasitpartof tl'Ie batsman'spersonotherthanthe handwhichinterceptedthe ball? (3)Wasthatpartof thestriker'spersoninastraight linebetweenwicketandwicket atthemomentofimpact?(4) Wouldtheballhavehitthe wicket?

2."Firingahorse-meansapplyingheattoaweakjoint.

3.Inboxing,theflyweightlimit is8st.

4.Thewidthofthejawsona standardbilliardtableis3lin.

5.Anapprenticejockeymust receivethepermissionofhis mastertouseawhip.

ThisWeek'sQuestions.

1.NameaWestralianwhorepresentedthreeStatesatcricket.

2.Whereandwhenwasthefirst TestmatchbetweenEngland andAustraliaplayed?

3.Whathorsehasalwaysbeen consideredthegreateststeeplechaserthathasracedinAustralia?

4.Who,insport,wasknownas "LittlePokerFace"?

5.Whyareleft-handerscalled "Southpaws"?

knivesandothersimilarthings,from astandontheverandahnearthelast green,sothatanyreallyearnestgolfer couldcarryouthisthreatsolongdelayed.

"Thingsarenotreallysohadasthat inanytournament,butseldomisit thatonedoesnothearoftalesofbad luckandundeservedbadfigureseven atthebiggestchampionshipmeetings, andthewordthatisusedmostlyby thosecomplainingis'Luck.'

"Ifyourememberthatthebetter youplaythemoreluckyouwillhaveperhapsIshouldsay,appeartohaveyouwillhavefeweroccasionstoblame DameFortuneforherlackofattentiontoyou."

Uptotheendoflastyear,Henry Cottonhadplayedinhis76th,match fortheRedCrossfunds.Inhisseries £30,000havebeenraisedinayear. whichisverymuchinexcessofthe £5,000whichwastheoriginalaim.

BILLIARDS.

World'schampionbilliardistWalter Lindrumhasbeenraisingbigsumsfor patrioticpurposesinSydney,perme diumofhisabilitywiththecue.His lateststunt,playingfortheLord Mayor'sFundandtheRedCross,isto playall-comers,givingeachastartof 95ina100.Thelosermustsakea donationtooneoftheabove%Inds Lindrumhasyettoloseagame.

111,1111111111111111111111111111111,1111111111111111111111111111111101

ST.PATRICK'SDAYSPORTS.

Competitorsarenotifiedthatinthe picnicsports,theuseofrunningspikes willnotbepermitted.

Closingdateforentries,Friday,February28,1941,withMr..1.Mitchell, Hon.Secretary,c/oChurchOffice,VictoriaSquare. uenvitilligninSUIDIniulusuenummeminevinonenvINI,

PrimeBeefButcher

Tel438

438

TROTTING

Aseven-eventprogrammeislisted forthemeetingatGloucesterParkon Saturday.Fiveoftheracesareover 1mile5furlongs,withtwoovertheH milesdistance.Belowistheprogrammewithasuggestedplaceinvestmentforeachevent:-

KellerberrinHandicapOm.5f.): Austin'sGlobe.

WaginHandicap(1m.51):Country Boy.

NarroginHandicap(1m.5f.1:Mareche.

CountryTrottingDerby(lim.): Freofornia.

CountryClubs'Handicap(11m.): LightGlobe.

KalgoorlieHandicap(1m.5f.):Fair Antique.

See"TheHawk's"SelectionsforRacingandTrottingelsewhereinthisissue.

RACING

RacingonSaturdaywillbeatGoodwoodPark.Eventswillincludethe GoodwoodHandicap,of£120;two divisionsoftheRivervalePlateat1,70 each,andtheGoodwoodStakes,GoodwoodPlateandWelterHandicap, stakesforeachoftheseracesbeing£80. Therewillheatrebletoteoperating and£1093sisalreadyinthepool.

FreddieFox,formerchampionEnglishjockey,andtwicewinnerofthe Derby,considersthatthequickest away,andperhapsthefastestracehorsethathehaseverseenwasLord Ellesmere'sfilly,Tiffin,byTetraema fAmDawnWind.Shewassoquick dnherfeetthatintheveryfirststride shetookfromthestartingpostshe wasgoingtopspeed,andnoriderwas abletostayonherbackwhensheperformedanyplayfultricks.Itwasnot thatshedidterrificbucksorkicks,but sheslippedfromunderyouandleft yousittingontheground,wondering howyoucametobethere.Tiffinas athree-year-oldhadfivewins,being riddenbyGordonRichards.Inthe Springofthesecondyearshehad contractedsomemysteriousdigestive trouble,anditwasfearedthatshe wouldneverraceagain.However. shelivedtorunthreemoreracesand wonthemall.

CRICKETBATS

Intheearlydaysofthegame,cricketbatswereofanentirelydifferent structurefromwhattheyarenow, Bowlingthenwasgenerallyfastand allalongtheground,and,inorderto meettheattack,batsmenusedaweaponwhich,insizeandappearance,bore astrongresemblancetoamodernhockeystick.Thehatwasdoubtlessof thekindbestcalculatedtoopposethe bowlingtheninvogue,asdefencein thosefardistantdayswasanunknOwn art.Themodeofattackandform ofthebatcombinedtofavourashort andlivelyinnings,sothatthemanpossessingthestoutestmusclesandthe suresteyewouldgenerallyprovethe greatestbingetter.

Itisaftensaid,andthestatementis quitetrue,thatmodernbatsdrive morethanthoseusedintheearlydays ofthegame.Infact,itwillalways remainamysterytopresentdaycricketershowtheoldplayersmanagedto makeanybighitsatall,withthecurvedbatsmadeallinonepiece.At timesthestingmusthavebacnvery pronounced.

WhenDouglas'teamvisitedAustraliain1920theybroughtwiththemfoexhibtionpurposesanumberofthese "old-timers,"andtheywereanattractionforallwhoLadthegoo,lfortune toseethem.Theywerehighlyvalued andwereinsuredagainstloss.The word"weapon"rightlydescribesthe batthatwasonview.

Thatbighitsweremadeinthose far-offdaysweknowfromthere.o,ais whichhavebeenpreserved.Thus,in thepoeticaldescriptionoftheKentv. Englandmatch,ofJune,1744,the championoftheday,RichardNewland,ismadetosay:

"HaveIforthistheRing'swideRampartsbroke? WhilstRumneyshudderedatthe mightystroke."

ALEXRODOREDA

TurfCommissionAgent

802HAYSTREET.

AGENTFORW.A.CHARITIES

RingB5841andB5238.

In1765,StephenHarding,orSurrey, whilstplayingforCherlseyagainst Richmond,madeafive,twosixers,and aseveninsuccessivehits-afeatwhich wouldbenoteworthyevenwhenper formedwithapresent-daybat.

Itisacuriousfactthatsomeofthe biggesthitsrecordedinthehistoryof Lordsweremadewithbatsofone piece,butbythattimetheshapehad changedfromthecurvedvarietyto onemuchstraighter.Therewas,for instance,'Alexander,10th.Dukeof Hamilton,whocausedamarkknown asthe"Duke'sStrike,"whohitaball 132yards.

AfamousearlybatmakerwasJohn Small,ofHambledon,anditwashe whowasresponsibleforthechangeeffectedinitsshape.OverhisdoorwaySmallplacedaboardonwhich waswritten:

HerelivesJohnSmall, Makesbatsandballs, Pitchesawicket,playsatcricket WithanymaninEngland.

Asbeingthefirstmantomakebats withshoulders,Small,quiteapartfrom hisskillasaplayer,deservesanhonouredplaceintheannalsofcricket. Thisinnovationprovedexceedingly popular,andsoquicklydidorders comeinthathewasforcedtoteach othersthebat-makingtrade.

Ifacricketenthusiastdesiresaninterestingoccupationforhissparehours duringthewintermonths,hemight welltryhishandatbatmaking.Some playershaveprovedquitesuccessfulin theart,andthereisnoreasonwhyone, usedtowood-working,shouldnotmake atolerablesuccessoftheventure.

W.J.Lewis,whorepresentedQueensland,scored175inamatchatBrisbanewithabatofhisownmanufacture,notwithstandingthatitwasmade ofakindofwillowsupposedtobeunsuitedtothemakingofbats.In1S72 G.Gibson,ofVictoria,formaking41 forhisStateagainstN.S.W.,waspresentedwithasilvermountedbatmade fromthewillowofatreegrowninhis owngarden.

Thefirstindividualthree-figureinningsplayedinfirst-classcricketwith ahatofAustralian-grownwillowwas EdgarMayne's131forVictoriav.New SouthWalesatMelbourne,1914-20.

ThelateNedGregory,ofN.S.W.,attemptedtousethewoodofthefigtree inthemanufactureofbats,buttheexperimentprovedunsuccessful.

Thegreatestnumberofbatsmade fromonewillowtreeis1,179froma treeplantedinBoreham,Essex,in 1835,andfelledin1888.Itmeasured 101feetlong,5ft.9in.indiameter,and weighedovereleventons.Theaveragenumberobtainedfromasingletree is200.

Asgoingtoshowhowgreataquantityofwillowisnecessaryforb:a`tmaking,itmaybestatedthatonefirm, Messrs.Wisden,have25,000batsin stockjustpriortothecommencement oftheEnglishcricketseason.

Untilabout1840thelengthofthe hatwasnotrestricted,whilenow,althoughtheM.C.C.allowsalimitof 38in.,theaveragelengthisabout35in., thebladebeing22ins.andthehandle 121or13ins.Theweight,whichmay beasmuchorlittleasdesired,averagesaboutgibs.3ozs.,buthighitters preferaheavierbat.AlbertTrott usedoneweighing21b.10oz.!

ThefamousEarlofWinchelsea,one ofthefoundersoftheNI.C.C.,useda batof41b.2oz.,butevenheavierhave beenknownandinthemuseumat Lords,isoneofthe1771vintage,which turnsthescaleat5lbs.!

WilliamTunks,aone-timeMayorof Sydney,wasabigpowerfulman,who usedabatwithanironhandle.

"Bell'sLife,"of1840,recordsthefact thatoneoftheSomertonXI.inserted abarofsteelinthemiddleofthe handle.Itwasclaimedthattheball couldtherebybedrivenagreatdistance.

Oldcricketerswillneverpartwith theirfavouritebats.Theyliketo producethemandwitheyesa-sparkle tell"howfieldswerewon."

ASussexcricketernamedBroadbridgeusedhisfavouritebatasawalkingstick,sofondhewasofit,and BowyerandDanielDay,ofSurrey, hadtheirbatsburiedwiththem.

Mr.E.V.Lucas,thebardofcricket, haswrittenofhisfavouritebat: Suchabat!Suchabat! FullmanyabathaveIhandledsince then, Andcutwith,anddrivenwith,time andagain, Butneveraonelikethat.

Thricehappytheghost,who,theghost ofitwieldsSuchjoymustbehisonElysianfields.

Andnowafterallthat,whatabout thebatofto-day?TheM.C.C.has laiditdownthat:"Thebatshallnot exceed4iinchesinthewidestpart; itshallnotbemorethan38inchesin length."

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OURLADYOFLORETOIS PATRONESSOFAVIATORS.

Quebec. TheBlessedVirgin,underthe invocationofOurLadyofLoreto,isthefirstpatronSaintof aviators,saystheSemaineReligieusedeQuebec.St.Elias maybeinvokedprivatelyby aviatorsasasecondarypatron, thenoticestates,but"sinceitis theprerogativeoftheHolySee togivetoacountry,anation, oragroupacelestialpatron,in ourpublicprayersespeciallylet usalwaysinvokeOurLadyof Loreto,theliturgicalpatroness ofallthosewhoflythroughthe air."

OurLadyofLoretowasdeclaredthePatronessofAviators bydecreeoftheSacredCongregationofRites,signedMarch 24,1920.-NCWC.

THOUGHTSFORTHEWEEK.

Sunday:Noonecancometothe FathersavethroughChrist.

Monday:Thesecretofspiritualjoy isthatwearedrawnclosertoGod throughunionwithChrist.

Tuesday:InMemusttheloveofthy friendstandfast,andforMysakemust hebeloved.ImitationofChrist.

Wednesday:Howverymuchthe worldneedsthelessonstheCrossmay give,thesermonitpreaches,thepeace itpromises!

Thursday:MyRedeemer,letthe hourcomewhenthereshallbenothing leftinmyheartorinmylifethatI havenotsurrenderedtoThee.

Friday:Asapilgrimofeternity, neverpassontheothersidewhenyou seeafellowtravellerindistress.You willfindyourownburdenslightened, whenyoushoulderthosebornebyyour neighbour.

Saturday:Godneverceasestowarn usofHiswaitingpresencebyknockingatthedoorofourhearts.Howeverwemayfalterandfail,Heisalwaysreadytosustainandsupportus, providedwedesireandseekHishelp.

MOVIECODENOTWRITTEN FROMCATHOLICVIEWPOINT ONLY,SAYSITSAUTHOR.

TheRev.DanielA.Lord,S.J.,famousCatholicwriter,composerandplaywright,andauthorofthemotionpicturecodeusedbythemovieindustry, hasthistosayabouthisowncode:

"TheMotionPictureCodeofthe presentdaywasmeanttobeaminimum-let'sneverforgetit-ofgovernment.ItdidnotlaydownCatholic ideals.Itlaiddownprinciplesthat shouldbea:Tentedbyanydecentman orwoman,pagan,Jew,orChristian.It merelyoutlawedapprovalofmurder, lust,crime,treason.Itdidnotpretendtopresentordefendthelawof Christ. 'Soinjudgingamotionpicture,we areobligedtotakeaslightlydifferent angle.Thecountrypermits,toitsown sadconsequences,divorce.Thefilm's plotissolvedwhentheheroinedivorces herscampofahusbandandmarries thehero.Wetnnr.tapprove.Nor canweallow,'ttremotienstogoalong withher,topullforthemomentwhen she'llslapherhusbandandwalkout.

CATECHISM

THEINSIGNIAOFANARCHBISHOP.

Q.Whatistheinsigniapropertoan Archbishop?

A.TheinsigniapropertoanArchbishoparethepalliumandthecross thatisbornebeforehim.

Q.Whatisthepallium?

A.Thepalliumisabandabouttw..) incheswideencirclingtheshoulders fromwhichdependtwolappets-one infrontandonebehind-about9incheslongbyabout2incheswide.The bandandlappetsaremadeofwhite wool,andareadornedwithsixcrosses workedinblacksilkthread,fourfixed ontotheband,andoneoneachlap. pet.Toeachlappetisattacheda smallthinpieceofmetalroundedat theendsandcoveredwithblacksilk. Thehalfofthebandwhichpassesover theleftshoulderistwiceasthickas thatwhichpassesovertherightshoulder.Threecrossesofthebandhave threeloopsofblacksilkthreadtohold thegoldenpinswithheadsofprecious stonescalledspinulae"thatareattachedbywayofornamenttothepallium.

Q.Howisthewoolofthepallium procured?

A.OntheFeastofSt.Agnestwo lambsareblessedintheBasilicaofSt. AgnesintheViaNomentana,andthe wooloftheselambsiswovenbynuns toformthepalliums.

Q.Howarethepalliumsblessed?

A.Thepalliumsareblessedbythe Popehimself,orbytheofficiatingcardinalafterfirstvespersoftheFeastof SS.PeterandPaulinthe"Confessio" inwhichthebodyofSt.Peteriskept

Q.Whattakesplaceafterthebless-, ing?

A.Thepalliumsareleftforone nightonthealtarofthetombofSt. Peter.Theyareputinasilver-gilt casketwhichiskeptabovetheChair ofSt.Peterinthe"Confessio,"and nearthebody.

Q.Howisthepalliumbestowedon anArchbishop?

A.TheArchbishopmustapplyto thePopeforthepalliumwithinthree monthsofhisconsecrationoraccession tothearchiepiscopalsee.Hemay proceedtoRomeforit,anditisconferredonhimbythePope.Incase theArchbishopcannotproceedto Romeitisforwardedtohim,andgenerallyputonhimforthefirsttimeby hisseniorsuffraganbishopinasolemn functionintheMetropolitanChurch.

RESTORATIONOFRURAL RITUAL.

FeatureofN.C.R.M.Convention.

Thespecialritualwhichwasa.featureoftheHighMasscelebratedin theXavierChapel,Melbourne,onSunday,February2,duringthesecond NationalRuralConventionwasincorporatedbythespecialpermissionof HisGracetheArchbishopofMelbourne (MostRev.Dr.Mannix!.

EachParishSectionmadeitsown particularofferingintheHolySacrifice.EachSectionbroughttothe Masssomesymbolofthefruiofthe landinwhichitsmemberslivedso thattheymadeasymbolicofferingto JesusChristonthealtarofthefirst fruitsofthesoil.

"Thevastmajgrityofhumanbeings cheerforthemanwhogoesafterhis revengeandgetsit.Theylovethe herowhoknocksdownthevillainor shootstheratinthelasthundredfeet offilm.Wehavealawoflove,and wehavetojudgeactions,notonthe principleofrevenge,butonthatof forgivenessofenemies.

"Almostbeforeweaskourselves,'Is itgoodentertainment?'or'Doesit conformtotheproducers'code?'we havetoask,'Isitastoryorthesolutionofaproblemthatafollowerof Christcanaccept?'

"That'shard,butit'sourcritical rule.Havewethecouragetoapply it?"

Tothosewhowerepresentwasalso grantedtheinestimableprivilegeof presentingtothecelebrantbeforethe Offertorytheveryaltarbreadswhich theyreceivedinHolyCommunion.

Thisrestorationofthetraditonal ritualoftheMass,withitswealthof ruralsignificance,issurelyhistoricin theepicofruralCatholicisminAustralia.

Itsrealsignificanceisthatitserves toemphasisethattheN.C.R.M.isa Movementwithapinnaryapostolic objectivewhoseaimisthesalvation ofsoulsandthetransformationof civilisationalongChristianlines.All elseissecondary.

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ThetownofJericho,withtheMt.ofTemptation(x),whereJesus fastedfortydays.

DearCornerites,-Theholyseasonof LentbeginsonWednesdayandwe shouldtaketheopportunityofputting insomereallysolidworkonbehalfof theBushies.Wearenotobligedto fastasthegrown-upsare,butwe shouldwelcomeeveryopportunityof showingsympathywithOurLordin thoseterriblesufferingsofhisthat wecommemorate.We,too,mustpreparecarefullyforthatgreatestofall daysamongthefeastsoftheChurchEasterSunday-OurSaviour'sfinal triumph.AndlettheBushiesfinda frequentremembranceinourprayers andagenerousshareinoursacrifices. AUNTBESSY.

* * MAILBAG.

DealtAuntBessy.-Enclosedplease findaelymonthlycontributionfor JanuaryandFebruaryfortheBusbies. MONTHLYSUBSCRIBER.

DearMS.,-Yourunfailingandregulardonationshavebeenthebackbone oftheappealforyears.Itmustbe nosmallconsolationforyoutoknow that,underpresentcircumstances,

STAMPS.

Usedstampsmaybesentinto theCorner.Thesearesoldandthe moneygoesintotheLemonade Bottleandhelpstowardsthetotal attheendoftheyear-IfyoucannothelptheCornerinanyother waysendalongsmalldonationsof stampsasfrequentlyasyoucan.

morethan6percent.ofthework beingcarriedoutbytheCornerisdue toyourownindividualeffort.May theBushiesbringyoumanyrichblessingsduringtheHolySeasononwhich wearenowentering.

AUNTBESSY.

DearAuntBessy,-Iwouldliketo applyforenrolmentintheCardboard Brigadeforserviceonbehalfofthe Bushies.MybigbrotherAlfhasjust filledinanapplicationformilitaryservice,andIgottheideaofbecoming somesortofrecruitmyself.Ithink thecauseforwhichyouareworkingis thebestIknowof,andpatriotic,too, soIwouldliketojoinup.Please forwardmeacollectingcard.

WILLCLIFFORD.

DearWiiThecardhasgoneoff byreturnmail,andyouhavebeen

promptlyaddedtotherollofhonour. Enthusiasmofyoursortisjustwhat wewantaroundthisCorner.Ican Feeyougettingacoupleofstripesin notime.Howwouldyoulikethespe. vialjobofrecruitingsergeant? AUNTBESSY.

CARDBOARDBRIGADE.

Theformationofthe1941Brigadehasnowbeenbegunandthe Cornerwouldwelcomehardened warriorsorrawrecruitsonapplicationtoHeadquarters.Theywill beacceptedonthestrengthof theirenthusiasmfortheCauseof theBusbiesandontheirwillingnesstohuntdownthenecessary thirtypenniesthatwillmaketheir collectingcardeffectiveforthe captureofthe1941objective,A nom-de-plumemaybeusedforletterstotheCorner,butallapplicationsforcardsmustbeaccompaniedbyfullnameandaddress.

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THEEXODUSFROM

(ContinuedfromPage5.)

ruinsofacastleinwhichlegendsays thatQueenFredegondlivedonhuman flesh,andthehousetowhichGeorge Sandusedtocomeforinspiration.

Herewesettledintherefugeecentre managedbytheAlsatians,refugeeslike ourselves.Anallowanceoftenfrancs adaywasgiventoeachpersonwho appliedforit.NeverthelessIwas readytogoonwhenthenewscameof thesigningofthearmisticewithGermany.ThenIdecidedtoendmyjourneythere.ItwaswellIdidforIwas completelyexhausted.

TheArmistice.

ThearmisticewithItalywasthen signed.Therewasuniversalrelief,for theeternalroaroftheaeroplanesoverheadhadshakenthemoraleofthe people.Sointhisrefugeecentre,which hadnowbecomealmostmylegaldomicile,wherepeopleofeveryclassslept sidebyside,Iwaitedtilltherestorationoftherailwayservicewoulden. ablemetoreturntoPariswhereI hopedtomeetmywifeagain.

Fromthistryingjourney,which,as itturnedout,Ineedneverhavemade, sincetheGermansdidnotworrythemselvesaboutthepeopleofParis,I reachedfourconclusions:

First,thereisnolimittothepower ofhumanresistance; Second,circumstancessuchasthese

PARIS

givemenunlimitedopportunityto showtheirselfishnessandtheirgenerosity;

Third,theFrenchpeoplearevery excitable;

Fourth,themajorityofthepeople inthecountrydistrictsareveryguardedintheirattitudetowardstheBlacks. Ishallneverforgetthatjourney.

Theretreatofthearmymadeagreat impression.ItmadeonethinkofNapoleon'sretreataftertheRussiancampaign.Butwhatmadeastillgreater impressionwastheexodusofoldwomen,carryingtheirbirds,theircats, theirpetdogsandalltheirlittletreasures,andthewayinwhichtheysummoneduptheirstrengthtowalkwithoutcomplaining.WhatasplendidexampleofcouragethepeopleofFrance havegiven!Itisalessontotherest ofusnottoletourselvesbecowed. Franceisrich,soarehercolonies.She willriseagain.Shestilllives.-JH.Roland-Casimir.

1

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OfficialOrganoftheArchdioceseofPerth ESTABLISHED1874

PastorNiemollerBecomesCatho

(ContinuedfromFrontCover./

"LiketheApostles." "Thereis,indeed,nohopeexcept toholdfirmtotheCrucifiedOneand learntosayinsimpleand,therefore, certainfaith:'Inthebottomofmy heartThynameandCrossaloneshine forthatalltimesandinallhoursand, therefore,Icanbeglad.'Itmaybe alongroaduntilwearetrulyglad, likethosewho,liketheApostles,were countedworthytosuffershamefor Jesus'name. ."

Althougharrestedandflungintogaol onJuly1,1937,Niemollerwasnot broughttotrialuntilFebruary,1938bywhichtimehehadhadoversix mcnths'imprisonmentunderaregime whereimprisonmentishard.Thetrial washeardincamera.OnMarch2the courtpassedsentence.

For''abuseofthepulpit,"Niemoller wassentencedtosevenmonths'imprisonment,buthewasacquittedof"underhandattacksonStateandParty," andhiseightmonthsingaolweretakentoaccountfortheseventowhich hewassentenced.Hewasthusafree man.Hewasfined2,000markson offencesagainsttheEmergencyDecree ofFebruary28,1933,butthesentence, takeninall,amountedtoanacquittal. Triedbyjudgeswhohadlearnttheir lawbeforethecomingofNationalSocialism,hewastoleavethecourta freeman,withoutanyimputationof anykindagainsthishonesty,hisintegrityorhisloveofcountry.

AsPastorNiemollersteppeddown fromthedockthreemembersofthe

1k

Gestapowhohadbeenwaitingforthe conclusionofthecasesteppedforward andrearrestedhim.

Niemollerwasafreeman:thela, hadsethimfree.ButtheGestapoin Germanyarenotanswerabletoany higherjustice.Theyarethemselves supremejustice.Asthisfreeman steppedfromthedock,theymarched forwardand:ledhintawaytothecontrationcamp.

latherMayer,B.J.

LastyearitwasreportedthatPastor Niemollerhadbeenplacedinacell nearthatofanotherGermanwarhero, FatherRupertMayer,S.J.He,too, hadbeenarrestedandimprisonedfor hisrefusaltoceasedenouncingpagan principles.Itissaidthatthetwo prisonersbecameclosefriendsduring whateveropportunitiestheyhadof comingtogether.

Lastweek"TheRecord"reported thatFatherMayerhasnowbeenreleasedandhasfoundrefageinaBavarianMonastery,wherehehasacertain amountcfpersonalfreedom,although heisstillbeingwatched.

InthelightofPastorNiemoller's strongspiritualprinciplesandtheevidentdevotiontoOurLordwhich shinesforthinhiswordsandinhis constancyunderpersecution,itisnot surprisingtolearnthathehasbeenrewardedwiththedivinegiftoftheCatholicFaith.Doubtlesshehaslearnt agreatdealabouttheFaithfrom FatherMayer.

CARDINALFAULHABER. courageouslydenouncedNazi slanders.

TheconversionofMartinNiemoller,ifthereportbetrue-and thereseemsnoreasontodoubtitwillhaveaprofoundeffectupon non-Catholics,notonlyinGermany,butthroughouttheworld; forheisrespectedforhisintegrity, forhiscourage,andforhisinflexiblewilltobetruetohisconscinee,whateverthecost.

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Catholicsin Germany

OVERHALFTHEPOPULATION

Accordingtothelateststatistics availableftomofficialservices,Greater Germany(includingAustria,theProtectorate"ofBohemiaandMoravia, butexcudingthe"Governorship-General"ofPoland)nowcountstheimpressivetotalofabout48,000,000Catholicsasagainst46,000,000Protestants.

Inadditiontherearesome100,000 so-called"OldCatholics,"50,000membersoftheGreekandRussianOrthodoxchurches,about200,000members ofvariousminorProtestantsects,3,000 Buddhists,3,000Mohammedans,and aboutamillionmembersofdifferent Czechsects.

Asthetotalpopulationof "GreaterGermany"nowamounts toapproximately96,000,000,theCatholicsrepresentalittleoveronehalfofthattotal,andarebyfar thelargestreligiousgroupinthe country.

Therelationsbecomeevenmokimpressiveifoneincludesinthe..figuresthatdistrictofformerPokind whichhasnotbeenformallyannexed byeitherGermanyorSovietRussia.

Ofthe12,000,000inhabitantsofthe Polish"GovernorshipGeneral,"some 9,000,000beingCatholics,thegrand totalofthenewReichCatholicpopulationcanbefiguredat57,000,000outof apopulationgrandtotalof108,000,000 souls.

ThenumberofCatholicparishesin eGreaterGermany"(excludingPoland),isnow17,183,thetotalnumber ofpriests35,103.In1932,priorto Hitler'sadventtopower,therewere 9,789parishes.Thenumberofpriests in1932was21,258.Countingthe"Old Reich"alone,thetotalofparishestodayis9,813andthenumberofpriests 22,221.

InAlustriato-daythereare3,441parisheswith4,523priests;intheBohemiaMoravia"Protectorate"2,591parishes with5,429priests,andintheterritories annexedfromPoland(excludingthe "GovernorshipGeneral")1,130parishes with2,930priests.

Separatefiguresareavailableforthe membersofreligiousOrders,thefigures givenabovereferringexclusivelyto thediocesanclergy.To-daythereare 678religiousmaleCommunities,with 16,596membersinGermanyproper. Thewomen'sCommunitiesamountto 7,785,with101,125members.

InAustriathereare282Communitiesofmenand1,206ofomen,with 6,105and17,935members,spectively.

increaseinNonChristianNazi Teachers

TheincreaseinthenumberofGermanschoolteacherswhobelieveinno Churchis"amatterforanxiety,"announcesRadioVatican.

Figuresforthepastthreeyearsare givenforProtestants,Catholics,and "God-Believers,"orthosewhoprofess beliefinGodwithoutbelongingtoany recognisedChurch.

Teachersinelementaryschools(to thenearesthundred)were:

1937:116,800Protestants,62,3000atholics,2,000"God-Believers";

1938:111,300Protestants,61,400Catholics,5,300"God-Believers";

1939:103,600Protestants,60,400Catholics,7,900"God-Believers."

Pupilsintheseschools(tothenearestthousand)were:

1937:4,800,000Protestants,2,852,000 Catholics,33,000"God-Believers";

1938:4,680,000Protestants,2,792,000 Catholics,57,000"God-Believers";

1939:4,535,000Protestants,2,803,000 Catholics,95,000"God-Believers,""Universe."