The Record Newspaper 11 April 1940

k k k A young man who had just joined the theatrical profession had very thin legs, and at the first rehearsal they caused considerable amusement One member of the company more daring than the others, asked the new-comer his name "John Bullock," was the reply Oh" said the inquisitive one "that explains it"

"Explains what?"

"I was only wondering where your calves had gone to; now I understand - bullocks dont have calves," k k k >k The new curate was keen on getting up a concert in the village hall The first problem was the piano. He was told the cobbler had one So along he went

Lend the pianner?" was the cheery reply "With pleasure It's in the cellar but I can soon get it ready"

Then he went to the door of the back room and shouted: Liza, where's the works of the pianner?"

Back floated a voice from the kitchen: "Why, ain't they in the garden?"

• k k k #e

In the darkest hour of the blackout the special constable ran nto a lonely figure loafing along

"Here, you!" he exclaimed, flashing his torch on the obstacle in the path of his duty "Have you any explanation for wandering about at this time of night?"

"Oh, dear!" replied the obstacle Ii I'd had a good explanation, I'd have been home to the wife long ago '

His mother-in law had written to say that she was on the wav to hive with them for the duration of the war As hatchet-faced she approached the house she saw a large crowd

Pushing her way to the front, she blinked in consternation at the damage a midnight fire had doneat the heaps of bricks the charred furniture

Dear me," she gasped, her face ivid "I didn't think he'd go as far as that k k k k

The IARP Warden was telephoning his evacuated wife "Be the wav, darling'' he said, "I made a mistake the other night and walked into a flooded dug-out I was absolutely soaked"

I'II bet vou were"' was his wife's reply And he is still thinking it over k k k k

A constable went to a London house and told the occupant that too much light was showing in his windows

"Which window?" asked the occupant

'Rather a bad Victorian Gothic window'' said the constable "About 180 I should sav"

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The sergeant-major dashed angrily nto he men's seeping quarters Get up' You're five minutes late,' he shouted

A voice from under the blankets said What an army! If I were five minuses ate t work they d send me boms for the day "

#

A small boy his head enveloped in a saucepan, was led to a tramear by his mother Various passengers expressed sympathy with the lad, whereupon his mother announced with a certain amount of pride, "Just taking him to orspital'

How did he come to get that thing on his head?" asked the conductor

Playing at soldiers He wanted an elmet o he took the saucepan,'' announced his mother

That's a bad job for him,"' said a passenger "Yus,'' agreed the mother, "but it'll be worse for me Is father's dinner's in it"

k k k k

MeAndrew had been buying a few things at the ocal chemist's shop As he was collecting his change he knocked over a bottle of iodine and smashed t Most of the liquid was spilt on his clothes Noticing this, McAndrew made a dash for the door

You needn't be afraid,'' the chemist shouted after him I won't make a charge for it"

But McAndrew never slackened his pace, It isna that," he bawled over his shoulder, "Tm just going hame to cut my finger'

k k k

The round was over The boxer staggered to his corner His lips were swollen, his eyes rapidly darkening

"What's the matter with you?" snapped his manager "Half the fight is over That guy has been hitting you with everything but the water bucket for five rounds and you haven't hit him once n return"

The boxer groaned

"I'm biding my time," he replied hoarsely

The manager glared at him

Biding your time?" he howled "And n the meantime that guy s hitting you with a million punches!''

Sure," murmured the battered one Thats just it How long can he last at that rate?"

k k k k

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Helen Highnote had sung at the concert for the troops, but her singing did not bring her the encores of her dreams In fact, the lads "handed the iruit"

After the show seething with indignation, she met the conductor

'Couldn't you have done something better witb your band?" she snapped Why the drums almost drowned my voice"

Wet" he replied, after deep thought, "we could have had a couple more drums'

The quiet ittle station-master of the quiet ittle st:tion was sitting n his room

The last train came in, It was to stay there for the night An Armv officer next appeared and barked his instructions: 'Have this train readv for a load of troops at 5 am Goodnight'' then slammed the door

The station-master thought for a second then ran after the officer and asked: "Where are the troops going sir?"

I can't tell vou that,'' said the offcer "It's an official secret"

Then." asked the station-master "to which end of the train must I hook the officially uninformed engine?"

k k k k

Caught in a traffic jam, the bus con ductor was having a chat with the driver of the one behind

"How are you getting on?" asked the conductor

Better now," said the driver What about vou?"

"This black-out's pretty rough on us conductors" said the other "People keep giving us two half-crowns instead of tuppence "

k k k k

"That suit you're wearing is certain Iv a credit to vour tailor''

"Debit, old man, debit," k k

The school inspector told the pupils to write an essav on Oler Twist In one of the essavs the inspector found the sentence "In the kitchen stood the statue of a policeman" Puzzled he asked the bov what he meant bv it

"Well, sir" said the boy, it says In the kitchen stood a stone copper

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Thursday, April 11, 1940

Birth Control

w 0 C , St James' Railway Station

Will you please give a satisfactory reply to this question on Birth Control?

What do you mean by a 'sat1sf: ctory" reply? Ii t s the truth it «ant you will be more than satisfied am a Catholic and don't agree with the laws of the Church on this question

Then I am afraid you do not realise what being a Catholic really means The Catholic Church teaches that She is the divinely appointed custodian and interpreter of God's law If we do not admit that we cannot remain Catholics If we do admit it. then we would be most illogical in denying the right of the Church to declare Birth Control right or wrong in the light of God's law Not only would we be illogical, but we would be guilty of disobedience to Christ, jho commanded us to obey the Church He said to His apostles: 'He that heareth you, heareth Me; and he that despiseth you, despiseth Me " And again He said: "If any man will not hear the Church, let him be to thee as the heathen and the pubican" n other words, let him e completely ostracised # # # "Sounds Ridiculous "

It sounds ridiculous that man and wife should have to do as the Church says

It sounds ridiculous only to those who do not understand the Catholic position, which includes obedience to the laws of the Church God's law is binding on every man and woman, whether they be man and wife or not. In condemning birth control the Church is simply applying God's law to marital relations The Church has the right and the duty to do that since Christ instituted it as the guardian and interpreter of His law

We are living in modern ages now

That means no more than that we are living now, and the fact that we are living now has nothing whatever to do with the t · question whether birth control is morally right or wrong In "modern ages " as in any other, the thing is morally wrong if it be opposed to God's aw Your ap peal to modernity proves nothing k k k k Birth Prevention Is Wrong!

Can you tell me why it is wrong for man and wife to practise Birth Control?

• Yes Brth control by contraceptive means is opposed to the law of nature itself It is obvious, for example, that the pleasure accompanying eating and drinking is secondary in character and adapted to secure the primary end, which is the preservation and well-being of individual life We have supreme contempt for the man who simply lives to eat No decent man eats merely for the sake of eating even prepared to vomit in order to be able to eat again As the appetite for food is an instinct rdained to the preservation of in dividual life, so the sex appetite is ordained for the preservation of the race The pleasure attached to sex is but secondary and n view of the primary purpose, which is the procreation of children The birth controller satisfies passion for the sake of passion and violates the moral aw established bv God The use of marital priveleges together with deliberate frustration of their jus-

tiiying purpose is nothing but the reciprocal practice of solitary vice Moreover, birth control leads to many sins of injustice, often being practised without the consent of one of the parties It leads to the destruction of marriage, for those who base their marriage on sensualitv soon tire of each other and end up in the divorce court And violated nature exacts Its penalty sooner or later When birth control is practised in early married life, it leads to sterility and to the impossibility of having children when they are wanted

doing his duty. The woman was then faced with the alternatives ether oi being faithful to God's aw, with the prospect of incurring your displeasure and occasioning misery in the home, or else of violating her conscience and acceding to your wishes If the strain proved too much for human frailtv, vour own unreasoning selfishness and not the Church is to blame for turning her away from the path of duty

Good and Bad

I have five sons all brought up in Catholic Colleges

That vou have been so faithful to the Fourth Commandment is

THREE

no forgiveness is obtained and the sin of sacrilege is added to previous sins That you go to Mass on bundavs and thus contmue to ilfil some of vour duties s commendable, but you should ask not your wife to add sacrilege to other sins

She is a convert and a beautiful religious woman

That is an extra reason why vou should set her an example of good life, and prove yourself a � husband worthy of her Be man enough to give me a definite answer so that I can get her to go to her religious duties I have ans ered your questions straightforwardly and in unmis-

later on The health of women is often gravely affected, neuroses, fibroid tumors, and other evils resulting Birth control is wrong because it is opposed to the law of nature, the Author of which is God It is also forbidden by the positive revelation of God Ii you will read Genesis xxxviii , 10, vou will see that Onan was slain y God for this verv sin:"And therefore the Lord slew him, because he did a detestable thing" The severity of the punishment shows the gravity of the crime And if God so punshed Onan, what must He think of one who claims to be a Catholie?

To sum up, Birth control is morally wrong, being absolutely opposed to the law of nature and to divine Revelation; physically, it does untold harm to body and mind, especially in women; sociallv it means childless and unhappy homes and crowded divorce courts; nationally, it spells the suicide of the race I am a British subject living under the British flag

You are first and foremost a creature of God, subject in all things to the aw of God, and answerable to God for vour obedience or disobedience.

You pride yourself on being a British subject, but the Empire has no reason to be proud of you, for birth control means race suicide, which is the deadly enemy of the Empire #k # Who is Responsible?

This Church business is filling up the Divorce Courts

Please be reasonable! If the Church's teaching were followed, there would be many happier marriages, more contented homes, and no divorce courts When one party nsists on practising birth control against the conscience and will of the other, the person who breaks God's law and infringes the rights of the other partner is guilty of whatever trouble is caused in the home

Women get listening to the Church and cause rows in the home because the Priest says I must not do that

The responsibility for such domestic "rows!' lies elsewhere

Has it ever occurred to you to examine vour conscience in the matter? Surely you do not expect people to abandon God's law to suit vour convenience j Conscience or Convenience?

You have turned a wonderful woman away from her duties through questions asked in the Confessional.

In telling the woman that birth control was morally wrong, the priest in confession was simply

to vour credit, but it is ot a vahd excuse for breaking the Sixth Commandment

They are now young men and what must they think when they see that their father and mother no longer go to Communion, as we used to do regularly for the past twenty· eight years

That is a question which you must answer, for the responsibil ity is yours You can scarcely expect God to change the moral law because vou make vour wife unhappy and give scandal and bad example to your children by refusing to obey it

takable terms Return to God's law in vour marital relations, and there will be no difficulty about either of vou returning to your religious duties

Point out where the sin part comes 1n

I have done so Study the re ply already given # it # "No Life Destroyed"

There is no life destroyed in prac,tising Birth Control.

*

* * Can I Go to the Sacraments?

My wife goes to church regularly, but when I speak of Communion she says: "No, Pop, I am not a hypocrite " The Church teaches that Birth control by contraceptive practices is mortal sin If one goes to Communion without first sincerely repenting and n king a good confession, one is guilty of sacrilege If one guilty of practising birth control goes to confession without sincere sorrow and the resolve to give up the sin the confession is worthless,

That does not make Birth control right. Birth control is wrong because it involves the use of marital privileges, together with the deliberate frustration of the purpose for which marriage was instituted; and because it is directly opposed to the law revealed by God, as I have already explained Of course, where human life is directly destroyed the persons concerned are guit of murder in the eves of God In conclusion, let me appeal to vou if vou have anv love of God, f your wife's happiness means anvthing to vou f the eternal salation of both of vou is worth attaining, to make the sacrifices necessarv to be faithful to the 'aw of God

Individual Responsibility

T J Q , Rozelle:

The enclosed questions come from a Protestant friend who is fair-minded and open to conviction

What vou sav of vour friend is true also of the vast majority of Protestants If thev are at all opposed to the Church, their attitude is due to mistaken ideas about the Church That many of their ideas are mistaken ms understandable enough, for they have never had the opportunity of studying Catholicism first hand from really reliable sources He is obsessed with the idea that the Church takes away individual responsibility.

His difficultv is due to a misunderstanding of the Catholic position and should disappear once the misunderstanding is removed.

The Catholic Church irees the individual of responsibility only to the extent that Christ Himself has done so Our Lord did not eave to private individuals the

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onus and responsibility of discovering and nterpreting Divine Revelation for themselves He founded a societv, which He called His Church, to teach all men His doctrine and His law in His name and with His authority He guaranteed that His Church would last till the end of time and

that t would not make mistakes in teaching His doctrine or nterpreting His law The one imperishable and infallible Church founded by Christ is the Catholic Church No other Church so much as claims to be founded by Christ Once a man has satisfied himself on these points, he can go with all confidence to the Catholic Church certain that he will receive the full teaching of Christwithoutadmixture oferror

On the other hand, those who thought that everyman could find and interpret the teaching of Christ for himself, have ended in failure as complete as t is unfortunate

But the Church does not free the individual of the grave responsibility of informing himself of theexact contentofDivine Revelation, brought to him by the Catholic Church Nor does the Church free him from the obliga-

THE RECORD

tion to live upto the full teaching of Christ In fact the Church here insists more emphatically on ndividual responsibility

k k k k Take the Law Courts

I repliea that the Law Courts likewise take away individual responsibility as regards civil law

Your answer was correct but ncomplete The law courts free the ndividual from the onus of interpreting the law _ for himself, but he is held responsible for his keeping or breaking of the law

The courts do not take awav individual responsibility, but specify the responsibility of individuals The same s true of the Church

He accepted this as regards Civil Law, butnot as regards Divine Law

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cepts or rejects It isa question of what Christ nstituted Now the Gospel records show plainly that Christ founded His Church as the infallible teacher of His doctrineand theguardian and interpreter of His law (If your friend wants proof of this, I shall gladly supply it) Therefore the prerogative of deciding what is true or false in matters of belief, and what s right or wrong 1p matters of morals, belongs to the Church instituted by Christ ior that purpose and not to the private individual

Thursday, April 11, 1940

Church, in opposition to the will of Christ, destroys individual responsibility

The first text quoted is irom St. Matthew, xviii, 15: "But ii thy brother shall offend against thee, go, and rebuke him between thee and him alone Ii he shall hear thee, thou shalt gain thy other."

bince the Church insists most et phatically on the teaching of tl.at text, it is difficult to understand how the Church' destrovs tire individual responsibility there i, lied But this private duty of the individual does not eliminate the public authority of the Church, of which Our Lord speaks in verse I7 of the same chapter: "And if he will not hear them, tell theChurch And if he will not hear the Church let him be to thee as the heathen and the publican"

My contention isthat the Church is the deciding authority, but he rejects this Your contention'was correct because it accords with the historical fact that Christ instituted His Church for this purpose I am sure your friend would not reject it so readily after a more careful study of the Gospels Itoldhim themaliceof sin is deliberate disobedience to God's Law

Correct k k k »k

In Matthew xviii, 18, we read:

"Amen I say to you, whatsoeveryou shall bind upon earth, shall be bound also in Heaven· and whatsoever you shall loose upon earth, shall be loosed also in Heaven" This is the prerogative of the individual, not of the Church

On the contrary, as the previous verse clearly shows, these words wereaddressedtotherulers of the Church Again, from the very nature of the case, it is diffcult to understand how this power to rule could be conferred in discriminately on all Christians In Luke xvii, 3, weread: "If thy brother sin against thee, reprove him: and if he do penance, forgive him"

Correct

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The Sacrament of Penance I toldhim thatifamanseeks forgiveness of sin on his own ac count, he denies the value of the Sacrament of Penance That is true, but your friend would see no harm in it, since he does not admit that Christ instituted the Sacrament of Penance Of course, every sinner must seek forgiveness on his own account'' in the sense that he must e truly sorry for his sins Without such sincere personal repentance, the forgiveness of sin s mpossible, Sacrament or no bacrament But since Christ is God He alone has the right to lay down the conditions under which He will grant pardon to repentant sinners The whole question at issue therefore comes to this: Is it the will of Christ that repentant sinners should seek God's forgiveness through the Sacrament of Penance? The Catholic Church teaches that such is indeed the will of Christ Now, since Christ founded His Church to teach His whole doctrine to all men, and since He guaranteed that His Church would not make mistakes in so doing, it follows that the teaching of the Catholic Church s thegenuine teachingoi Christ and, therefore absolutelv rue That Christ gave to His Apostles and their successors the power to forgive sin, is clear, too, from the Gospel according to St John, xx 21-23 There we read: As the Father hath sent Me I also send you When He had said this He breathed on them; and said to them: Receive ve the Holy Ghost. Whose sins you shall forgive they are forgiven them; and whose sins vou shall retain, they are retained" To say that Christ did not here confer true power to forgive sin, is to rob the ceremony and the wordsof Christ of anvreal meanng And t was obviously a power to be exercised as the means of granting pardon to sinners To deny this is to render futile the institution of Christ

This power was to be handed on by the Apostles to their successors, for, since Christ wished His Church to endure till the end of time, theApostles had to hand on all essential powers to their successors The conditions of salvation must be the same for usas for the first Christians And by Christ's own institution, one of these conditions is Sacramental Confession

* k k What Does the Bible Say?

He quoted the following texts in support of his view that the

This means that, if he does you an injury and you do not re· buke him, the sin is as much yours as his It means that if I fail to help him by charitably pointing out to im theerror of his ways, I fail in ny duty But it certainly does ot mean that I become guilty of rs sin lf you rebuke him and he is not repentant, thenthe sin is bound upon him, while you are free Correct! If he is not repentunt he remains in sin because of ais impenitence whereas I have lone my duty if he comes to you repentant and you are not willing to forgive him, then the sin becomes bound upon you while he is free

I am afraid that vour friend's interpretation is entirely incorrect., If a man is trulv sorrv for his sin and fulfils the conditions aid down by God in order to obtain forgiveness, then he is free from sin precisely because of his sincre repentance and his compliance with the necessary conditions, not because I have refused to forgive him If I fail to forgive a man who is sorry for an njury he has done to me, I com mit sin by failing to do my duty, and jeopardise my own chances of forgiveness for this and other ofences bv mv failureto fulfilthe condition laid down bv Our Lord?

"Ii you will not forgive men, neither will your heavenly Father forgiveyou your offences" (Matt \I 15) But I do not incur the guilt of his personal sin Owingto his inadequate knowledge of Scripture and Catholic teaching,your friend has failed to realise that this mutual forgiveness of ffence by private ndividuals is quite distinct from the forgiveness dispensed in the Sacrament of Penance by the power and authority of Christ and quite distinct, too, from the authority to teach and to rule men m matters of religionand morals, which was conferred on the Church by Christ

in "America." Thursday, April 11, 1940

In Any United Europe RELIGION MUST FIND A PLACE

The Problem of Europe

Studied in Terms of Germany

S a federated Europe possible?

1 The crucial difficulty of conflicting national sovereignties cannot be overcome if the ation and state are necessarily identified. Thoughfrequently and advantageously united, the nation and the state, in Chancellor Seipel's words are two independent forms of association. But even 1l this difficulty is overcome there must still exist a force or influence in order to give life and cohesion to such a federation's structure This influence is that of religion

The Influence of Religion.

Religion must operate if such a federation is to be anything more than a mere name This is an elementary human truth. A federation of states is like any individual state in that respect If religion has ceased to exert its influence upon individual lives, then the state must decay, because states are made up f men, not offices Offices mean reponsibility Those holding them, whether they be county commissioner r presidents of republies must look to Gd's approval beore man's in the administration of their trust. Therefore, the extent to which we can I k with any degree of optimism upon uny form of international collaboration or federation as the basis of future peace terms is Limited by our gues as to the degree to which religion continues to exert its influence in th different countries parties to such agreements

This is but nother way of saying that any international structure must have a moral b is. You cannot erect a federation upon crowds of atheist or near-atheist: Without religion the peoples who engage in a peace contract are mere hordes, at the merey of their political exploiters. They lack that moral cohesion which distinguishes a true people from a mob. They also lack that c ritv which is necessary f international justice is to be fulfilled

The Effect of Concordats

As long as Christianity can obtain even a precarious recognition, it can continue to infuse some life into the body politi It can lay the seeds of future regeneration, as it is now lying them among the peasant and working youth of France and ther once Catholic countries

The Concordat which the Holy See has drawn up with the various govern ments since the World War has the effect of enabling religion to continue ts influence upon private and public morals Thrugh these Concordats the operation of the Catholic religion was secured in the various countries In some to greater, in others to a lesser extent Bishops were given access to the Holy See and their appointment saved from political interference Catholic education and Catholic social action were rescued from state control

The pacifying voice of the Church and its supreme Pontiff were made audible to the nations Disputes were regulated with regard to ecclesiastical property

Agreements Made Possible

Less obvious, however, but more directly pertinent to the question of peace terms is the fact that recognition of the Church by any government is a recognition of certain principles of law and order which make possible lasting agreements between the nations When the people of a given nation acknowledge the right of the Church to function within their borders, they pay testimony to the difference between might and right They vcknowledge that a purely spiritual power which commands no military weapons can none the less command deference from those who summon armies and navies to do their will

Any such recognition of the juridic character of the Catholic Church is clearly impossible as long as the various idealogies are in power The Church can come to no satisfactory agreement with a state dominated by Nazism Communism or utilitarian plutocracy

It mav reach a modus vivendi with some of these states, and thereby safeguard some of the Church's most essential ministries within their borders; but there can be no true Concordat Even a modus vivendi has been impossible from the beginning with Soviet

not share their Faith. But they are ot free, and as ong as the Reich as a whole retains this immense religious cleavage there can clearly be no national unity formed immediately on the basis of Protestantism, as was the dream of the old Prussianising PanGermans in pre-War years

morbid nationalism, an appraisal can be made of national values Religion teaches and exemplifies such an appraisal

gain we repeat that all peace terms begin not with the ambition of governments, but with the genuine needs of peoples, in the light of the eternal destinv of the millions of souls who compose them

PIUS XI LIKED HEARING SCOTS PILGRIMS PLAY PIPES AT VATICAN Incident at Beatification of Blessed John Ogilvie.

Glasgow

Russia, owing to that regime's avowed and rigidly consistent espousal of formal antireligion and atheism Peace terms between the nations, however, cannot rest content with any mere modus vivendi The educational question must be finally settled in France; while in Germany there must be a reconciliation of the Church's juridic rights with a crucial question of national unification of the religiously divided German peoples Problem of German Unity

This latter question presents, in the long run, once of the most ditticult problems for a just peace or a federated union after the war How can Germanys national unity be secured without violating the religious rights of 0,000,000 Catholicsnow half of her total populatiori who are included within German boundaries since the ncorporation of Austria and German Czecho-Slovakia?

There are three possible answers to this question, none of them reconcilable with a just peace, or indeed with peace at all

The first proposal would be to scrap the whole idea of German national unity, and to split up Germany into some sort of a federation of Germanspeaking states analogous to Germany's condition before the day of Bismarck · This is the idea of the Action Francaise" and the French Royalists. Charles Maurras and Leon Daudet frankly despair of ever coming to terms with united Germany They propose that in place of one "Germany" we should have manv Germanies" ( Les Allemagnes")

While conceivdble that the Reich might be remodelled upon some federative basis, it is inconceivable that any victory, no matter how complete, could impose upon the German people a sacrifice of their aspirations for national unity Plenty of them may be glad to get rid of "Ein Fuhrer," but they will part no ore from the idea of "Ein Reich" and "Ein Volk." The problem s not to get rid of unity but to find some other basis for that unity than the present disastrous national philosophy

The second proposal, to retain National Socialism within the framework of en international federation, is so clearly preposterous that it needs no refutation. From its very nature, National Socialism can accept no place except that of entire dominance in the juridic sphere It may extend toleration to the Catholic Church, but it cannot afford any juridic recognition Catholic Germany Could Be Unified Catholic Germany has a basis f national unity in the Catholic religion

Such a doctrine is unwelcome to the nationalists who look upon the Church as destructive of national unity be c:use the Church is supra-national, and refuses to grant to nationality more than a secondary part n human affairs It is also unwelcome to the internationalists who would do away with what Pope Pius XII ("Summi Pontificatus") calls "the peculiar characteristics which each people, with iealous and intelligible pride, cherishes and retains as a precious heritage-''

Th Church not only tolerates, but "hails with joy" and sponsors and develops" the real values in the various civilisations

We do not need to look to the past to see Catholicism as a living principle of national unity It is evident to-day in certain predominantly Catholic countries What is more, Catholicism can be a principle of national unitv and the Church can receive ample juridic recognition without thereby impairing the rights of religious minorities

At the International Eucharistic Congress n Budapest in 1938, the Hungarian nation paid ts official homage, as a nation to Christ the Eucharistic King Yet the leader in that great civic act of homage the Regent of Hungary, was a Protestant, Admiral Horthy

But What of Non-Catholic Germany?

So the problem of German unity would find a solution, or at least the indications of a solution, were the new Germanv's 0,000000 Catholics free to work out their own destinv independently of the other 30,000.000 who do

Likewise the German Reich lacks natural geographic or economic unity Any boundary to the east or south is determined by where Germans choose to live, not by any natural barriers

Moreover, if any new principle of na tional unity is adopted by Germany for the sake of a European federation, after the devil of National Socialism has been cast out this same principle must be accepted by Germany's chief rivals, England and France Neither of these countries can stand secure within its own particular brand of imperial or national unity and lay down laws by which the Fourth Reich is to be guided The same principles must be accepted by all et Catholic Germany May Point the Way.

Is there any way of even partially solving this problem outside of an integral return of all nations to the Catholic Faith? Possibly not But since such a return is at present so remote, this sounds merely like a counsel of despair

The Church, through the principles laid down in the Lateran Treaty, showed a 'way out" for the nations from the dilemma created by dentifying nationality with their political sov ereignty The philosophy of national values, as outlined in the "Summi Pontificatus," indicates how a nation may retain a self-respecting cultural integrity while forming a part of the world community of nations Catholic Germany can yet provide non-Catholic Germany with its formula for national unity, provided non-Catholic Germany can rid itself of its fears oft "Roman domination;" provided, also, that the rest of Europe, and the great Powers in particular, will be guided by that formula

The Catholic Church will not provide the recipe But the Church can point the wav to it. Morbid nationalism feeds like a cancer upon the body politic that has surrendered to it

Once that social, economic and religious realities take the place of that

How the late Holy Father had greatly enjoyed listening to bagpipes played by a group of kilted Glasgow scouts was recalled by Mr William Montgomery when he addressed the Young Men's Sod lity at Garnethill

Mr Montgomery, then aged 16 was a member of the Oglivie scouts who travelled to Rome in December, 1929, to be present at the beatification of Blessed John Ogilvie.

'Not only were we allowed a privileged place in St Peter's on that oxcasion" said Mr Montgomery, "but later on we actually played the bagpipes n one of the audience rooms hen the Holy Father appeared with his attendants our pipers stopped It was then that the Holy Father made the request that we should continue to play

We learned afterwards that the Pope's reason for making the request was that it was Christmastide and that the first pipes were played by the shepherds at Bethlehem"

BLESSED JONN OGILVIE, a Jesuit priest, condemned as a traitor and hanged at Glasgow, in 1615 His life story reveals one of the most courageous of the many martyrs of the Reformation.

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Ej.-\,LI.NG with a question which exercises the minds of manv thoughtful people, the question of how best to meet the enormous expenses of the war, Mr J M Keynes some months ago put forward a plan for compulsory saving The word compulsion sounds unpleasant in English ears, largely because the Englishman has been trained to insist more on his rights than on his duties, and for that reason more than any other Mr Keynes' plea for a positive plan of war finance has fallen upon stony ground

Yet there cannot be anv reasonable doubt that Mr Keynes is right We have the choice between compulsion r inflation Inflation is the easy way and already we are choosing that way Already though the War Savings Campaign has had all the success that could have been anticipated for it, we are warned by Sir Robert Kindersely, president of the National Savings Committee, that saving must be largelv increased unless we are to have a disastrous rise in prices

That choice between greater savings or higher prices is indeed the kernel of the matter The war must be paid for and will be paid for : none of us has any choice about that The only point on which we can exercise a choice is the manner in which we will do the paying Mr Keynes starts his argument for compulsion with the observation that wages will increase what with rises in wage-rates, overtime earnings and re-

Compulsory Saving orInflation?

By J R KIRWAN

leave them nothing on which to spend

their larger incomes Nor can there duetion of unemployment so that be any doubt but that this plan is inwage-earners' purchasing power will in deed the only way in which the workcrease by at least £500 millions a year RATIONING NO ng and middle classes can gain any Already after only four months of REMEDY profit from the war war, wage-rate rose by over £40 mil-

Rationing, Mr Keynes proceeds, is The question remains whether ans lions a year, and that figure takes no not a remedy for this problem Some body is entitled to claim any material account of overtime payments or re- goods must be rationed, but only some benefit from the war Mr Kevnes ductions in unemployment The na- goods can be rationed And what hap- argues that because the workers are tional expenditure is already running pens when some goods are rationed is putting forth increased efforts n the at the rate of £2,500 millions a year, that demand is diverted to other substi cause of victory they are entitled to and must soon rise to at least ±3,500 tute goods Rationing cannot of itself a higher reward; and that since the millions reduce the total demand for consump- higher reward cannot be given them tion goods Nor can any anti-pro- now they should be given some clam fiteering measure be efficacious for upon the general community which can profiteering is but a symptom of mal- be made good after the war adjustment between demand and sup- To take away their reward for in ply and t is the maladjustment that creased efforts by making them pay must be attacked not the result of it higher prices or heavier taxes Mr This is not to say that an anti-pro- Keynes argues, would be contrary to fiteering measure would not be ex- social justice tremely useful and desirable; all that is held against it s that it is not what many people seem to think it can be, a panacea for the economic problem of war

While Mr Keynes is prepared to agree that our present rate of expen diture might be compatible with the maintenance of working class standards of living, he cannot agree that any increase in that rate of expenditure will not affect consumption The fact is that we cannot, beyond a certain point, turn more labour and materials from peaceful to warlike uses without having to produce less for ordinary consumption We must face the real problem, that the aggregate of purchasing power is increasing faster than the available supply of goods

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According to Mr Keynes there are but three genuine remedies, and all three must be used together

Price Increases Necessary.

The first is some rise n prices This is both necessary and just, for unless many goods are to be sold at a oss there must be some increase in their pre-war prices The fall in the value of the pound sterling abroad, higher freight charges, higher costs of insurance, ete, must be met somehow and it is only the ultimate consumer who can meet them But higher prices must not be used alone to solve the problem presented by a diminishing supply of goods faced with an increasins supply of monetary purchasing power

The increases which are actually justified by rising costs are not nearly great enough to keep demand down to the level at which supply can balance it. There will still be surplus money available for spending and f that surplus money is to be prevented from driving prices far eyond the limits set by real increases in cost which is to say, if inflation is to be prevented, t must somehow be drain ed off the market

People must somehow be prevented from spending more than a certain proportion of their money incomes

There are two ways in which that can be done The first is by taxation, but the point has now been reached at which further taxation must involve the working classes This for the simple reason that three-fifths of the nett expenditure on consumption is made by people who have incomes ower than £250 a vear Further indirect taxation, and the easiest way to tax the working classes s to tax them indirectly would be nequitable tax on necessities hits the poorest hardest of all, for it is the poorest who spend the largest proportion of their ncomes on necessities

It would seem then, if the taxation method is used that equity demands that the taxes levied should be direct taxes; in other words, that the lower income groups now exempt from n come tax should be brought within its scope

DEFERRED REWARDS

Mr Keynes objects to both these remedies, price increases and heavier taxation, on the ground that they deprive the working class of anv benefit from their increased monev earnings

It is obvious, indeed, that a workman will derive no benefit from higher money wages if he pays away half his increased earnings in taxation and loses the other half in higher prices

At the same time t is true that working class standards of consumption cannot be allowed to rise and will almost certainly soon have to fall

Mr Keynes argues that the onl way to face this fact and at the same time allow the working class to enjoy a higher reward for ncreased efforts s to make the reward a deferred one He suggests in principle that wages should be paid partly in cash, partly in blocked accounts at the Post Office Savings Bank, these blocked accounts to remain untouched, save in cases of necessity until after the war when the change to conditions of peace will enable goods to be produced to meet them as thev are withdrawn

Social Justice. It can be agreed at once that to pay for this war, as we so largely paid for the last, by price inflation would be ruinously bad policy It is the policy we are following at the moment but that is another sory ) It can also be agreed that if we are not going to tax, a great increase in savings is necessary and th t the increase can be obtained only by compulsion Nor does t seem reasonable to Suggest that when men are compelled by law to fight they should not be compelled by aw to save But it s difficult tg agree that it would be contrary to social justice to refuse higher rewards for ncreased efforts in the e use t victory

Social justice s two-sided t m braces the duties both of the community to the ndividual and of he ndividual to the community I he second is ndeed of more importance than the first, for f the individual does not fulfil its duty to the community, the community cannot fulfil ts dutv to him It was for this reason that Pope Pius I when defining the virtue of social justice, declared it to be of the very essence of social justice to demand from each individual all that Is necessary for the common good." (DR. 51)

In putting forward increased efforts the workman whether he remains at home in his job or is drafted into the armed forces, merely does what is demanded by the common good. If e fore he will put forward the necessary effort he demands full compensation in kind, he gives nothing to the commun ity and fails in his dutv towards it The only duty the communitv owes to him is to ensure that it demands from him no sacrifice which is disproportionate to that it demands from others It would seem then that in arguing that higher rewards for the workers are due in social justice, Mr Keynes misconceives the nature of that virtue and is guilty, indeed, of that insistence upon rights to the exclusion of duties which was noted at the beginning of this article as characteristic of this country

• DISPROPORTIONATE

SACRIFICE

It may well be, indeed, that precisely because of the extent to which this misconception of the nature of social justice has bitten into the social con sciousness of the people of this country, that no government can demand all it is entitled to demand with any assurance of receiving it

In that case Mr Keynes' conclusion stands, that the working class must be given increased rewards for the increased services thev render, and in that case, his argument for compulsory saving for the payment of increased wages by means of blocked saving accounts, also stands But t stands not bv virtue of its being the best solution for the problem of how to pay for the war but as being the only possible solution given the depraved condition of civic virtue in this and, the champion of democracy By way of a footnote, t might be remarked that if the government finds it necessary to give the workman higher rewards it is guilty of demanding disproportionate sacrifices f it does not do the same for the fighting man -"The Christian Democrat'

Mary's Cathedral) Phones: Business, B8616; Private B8623 B5496

The scheme as drawn up by Mr Keynes will apply to all classes in the community but it is of importance mainly to the working class and the middle class The wealthier classes will save a larger part of their incomes in any case, for the prohibition of the import of luxury goods and the almost

Thursday, April 11, 1940

IT docs not uft.en happ:n tha'. a m n who has liberated his people from tyranny and built up a prosper State is again called upon in his ous h d d aae to take the word 111 t er eo. 5 Sh fence against an ancient enemy »ucu however, s the experience of my father, Field-Marshal Baron Carl Gusta Emil Mannerheim, commonly known as the "uncrowned King of Finland'

At the end oi May, 1937, I left England, where I had been living, for Finland June 4 was to be a day of national rejoicing. It was my father's seventieth birthday, and on this great occasion the whole family gathered to see him honoured Happy Nation Then I had seen him several times abroad, but I had no idea how deeply the people of Finland had taken him to their hearts

Wherever my father went, my sister and I were in the carriage directly behind him I shall remember him best es he stood in white fur cap and with his Field-Marshal's baton in his hand on the steps of the vast square, while tens o thousands of eager faces gazed down at him from above, and the troops, the Lotta Svaerd (the Wo men's Organisation) and the children of the provinces marched past him n en endless stream

'' Suppress

eMANNERHEIM

y His Daughter, BARONESS ANASTASIE MANNERHEIM

Baroness Mannerheim, the daughter of the famous Field-Marshal Mannerheim of Finland, is at present living in England. She is a Catholic, having been received into the Church when she was in Sweden

This was the proud and happy nation he had brought into being Disguised as Railway Porter

Nearly a quarter of a century has elasped since my father already celebrated for his military exploits and levdership in the late Imprial Russian Army, fled from Russia to escape the revolution. His reflections must have been bitter during that momen tous journey in the disguise of a railway porter

He thought his career was ended Actually, it had not begun Little did he think that the great work of his life lav ahead as he stood tattered end dirty, on the platform at Helsinki

The countrv of Finland was in a state of bewilderment and chaos, A deputation came to him: Would he create a Finnish Army and lead it straight into the field? Finland herself then possessed no army The remnants of the Imperialistic force had scattered or turned Red

Divorce

VATICAN PAPER'S CALL

"There has appeared in the newspapers a report of the confirmation of yet another external judgment granting a divorce between Italian citizens,'' writes the 'Osservatore Romano" semi-official Vatican organ

This time it is not a sweep winner but a variety artist

'Here is a summary of the report:-

The variety rtit, de Curtis, married in Italy t Signora Diana Dopo

The husband with the help of tw lawyers, applied t the Tribunal of the Germen Protectorate, the residence of the wife, for an annulment of the mar riage on the plea of defect of consent

The court, fter he:.ring the evidence declared the nullitv o the bond. De Curtis then applied to the Court of Appeal in Rome for an approval of the extern:I jud mnt, which was grantd

"Now, this importation of divorce is as great a mistoke as it is contradic tion of the letter and of the spirit f our national legislation, ot only of

former times ut still more of recent times That is a serious and sad fact

But that each one of these mistakes d contradictions should be published another and still worse thing For whether you wish it or no the distillation of intimate family affairs, which moreover do not affect the public weal, cannot fail to end up by appearing and becoming a suggestion and an urge t others

"There are certain kinds of news, suicides for example, which are no longer permitted to be published because of the State's rightful regard for public hygiene, and to prevent mcntal disturbance and deviation and fatal imitations

Why then should there be free and detailed diffusion of those other reports which announce the suicide of the familv,' the life of which the laws f the Fatherland which Fascism withes ver with such determination protect in the name of religion and of traditional observances?"

HERR HITLER'S RELIGION

v t cit can rouse in me the most wretched memories It brings back my five vears of labour woes with scantv breal that never satisfied mv unger"'

There he shared a squalid room with another down-and-out named Rhemhold Hainisch n a night refuge for the destitute in the Meidling quarter at 1/6 a week

From that day onward Adolf Hitler was no longer a Catholic Since then the future leader of Germany has never entered a Catholic church, save only to attend a couple of weddings or to point out pleasing architecture to a group of art students

It is beyond doubt that the simple Catholic faith which the bov Hitler learned at his mother's knee is' now wholly submerged in the political ambitions of German nationalism-Igna tius Phayre, in 'Catholic Herald.'

Drove Out Reds

My father called the peasants from the fields Thev rallied round him In those early days, what a pathetic show they made as soldiers, knowing nothing of drill or marching; with no uniform beyond an armlet or a coloured rag tied round their hats

These were the men he drilled, equipped and formed into an army that firially drove the Bolshevist invaders out of Finland These were the men who established the splendid Finnish militarv tradition which their sons are carrying on to-day to the astonishment of the world

On Mav 16, 1918, the Bolsheviks having beenfinally driven out of Finland, my father rode in triumph at the head of his troops into Helsinki, now the capital of a new and independent Finland-a Finland liberated by him

Much remained to be done before the country could be put on its feet \gain my father was to the fore; this time

Reports''

BIG GAIN FOR CHURCH IN 1 940

--says writer New York

Great gains will be made by the Gatholie Church in 1940, Miss Dorothy Thompson noted US writer predicts in her svndicated column Among other things, she predicts that throughout the western world there will be a deepened interest in religion and much speculation on the idea of a Christian society," and that there will be "manv books by Chrisian scholars, Catholic and Protestant," all of which "will cont.in a radical criticism of capitalism though they will be anti-Marxist and anti-totalitarian "

as a statesman a capacity in which somewhat to his own surprise, he found himself no less capable than in military life.

Mannerheim's Bread

One of his first tasks was to secure full recognition of Finland's independence He also arranged for delivery of foodstuffs at a moment when Finland was threatened with famine The populace, seeing white bread after so many hardships used to dance outside the bx keries, shouting 'Mannerheim's bullar!"-Manrerheim's bread

Be the end of 1918 the Finns elected my father Regent They would have liked to crown him King but he would not have this

I am only a soldier,'' he told them I am readv to serve the State, but not to rule it '' Then my father put aside his uniform and set himself to build up the Finnish nation Under his guidance Finland became one of the most upto-date and economicallv sound countries in the world

Thus the years passed in peace and prosperity until, in November, 1939, the incredible happened Without the slightest pretext or warning the giant hordes of Russia flung themselves on this tiny peace-loving nation.

My father had become the "Father of Finland" He is an old man, but happily he is as vigorous as in his vounger days and his ron will is as unbreakeble as ever

He thought his days of active soldiering were at an end. But in mind and spirit he has returned to 191s again He now employed the same tacticswith the magnificent disciplined arm which he created-as he used with such remarkable success when leading his hastily recruited levies. against the Bolsheviks twentytwo vears ago

Frau Klara Hitler was very proud as well as fond of young Adolf It was her fervent hope that he would train for the priesthood saying Mass in his birthplace church of Braunau-on-the° Inn. Failing that, he would surely make his name as a great painter, or as an architect of noble churches, such as pinnacled St Stephen in far-off Vienna Mother Klara was a devout and loving soul. She set Catholie books before her son, notably a life of St Francis of Assisi, and she took him to Mass every Sunday mornng

But alas for her ideals! Let Hitler himself tell it:

"Among my father's belongings,' he says "I found a two-volume historv of the Franco-Prussian war of 187071 And that historic conflict became mv greatest spiritual revelation!"

After the death of the father the son migrated to Vienna as a builder's labourer "Even to-day,'' he says, "that

Statistics ofthc Cathclie [lctld

CATHOLIC LAW SCHOOLS EcND AND THIRD BIGGEST IN USA. Washington, Catholic law schools rank second and third in student enrolment among all law schools throughout the country, according to the "American Law School Review" St Johns College Law school, of Brooklvn, ranks second to Harvard with 1,107 law students, and Columbus Universitv Law School, Washington, is third with an enrolment of 1059. Harvard's enrolment 1s 1387

British White Fathers Number 55

British priest-members of the White Fathers' Congregation now number 55

There are 137 British students prepar ng for ordination five of whom will be ordained next vear There are also 15 British lav-brothers

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Saints in Large Families

Some years ago an article was published in 'America'' to show the remarkable number of instances in which a great man or woman was the third or fourth child of a numerous family The compilation was useful as is evidenced by the fact that it was republished in many parts of the world, and in many languages

Writing in the Dublin "Standard D L. Kelleher approaches the topic from a slightly different angle "Saints Who Came from Large Families'' Seventeen figure in the list, but Mr Kelleher observes that as his paper is not the result of intensive research, the catalogue could be greatly extended

Among his Saints are Catherine of Siena, the twenty-first of a family of twenty-two (although some say she was the twentyfifth of twenty-six children), Francis de Sales, the first df eight, Vincent de Paul, one of six Teresa of Avila the third of nine, Margaret Mary the fifth of seven and Ignatius Loyola, the last of eleven children St Paul of the Cross was one of sixteen children, mostly boys and

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his mother used to survey them with pride and call out, May the Lord make Saints of vou all"

It will probably be said that in those days it was possible for a. mother to take care of a large family, but that times have changed, They have, but human nature and the grace of God are the same as ever

Were courage, self-control and heroism the exclusive property of the past we might well despair

ANACHRONISM.

There is a letter in the otice of "America,'' the Jesuit weekly, addressed to Mr Gerard Groote," It congratulates him upon the success of his book, The Imitation of Christ,'' and offers him, in the name of an enterprising newspaper cutting service bureau a splendid chance to keep in touch with what the reviewers sav about his next work "We are depending upon your decision to become one of a notable list of clients" says the letter

It seems a pity to have to add that when Columbus discovered America Mr Groote" had been dead for more than a hundred years

WINTER IS COMING, THAT MEANS OUGHS AND COLDS! KEEP A BOTTLE OF MY

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SACRED

WILL THIS YEAR BE HELD IN HIS MAJESTY'S THEATRE Friday 21st. June

ON

AVERAGE MISSIONARY PRIEST HAS CARE OF 50,000 SOULS, 430,35 Aults Were Baptised During One Year

The overage care of a priest in mission ands is for the souls of 950 Christians, Ii0 catechumens and more than 50,000 non-Christians whom he mus try to convert, Fides points out in commenting on the Pope's March intention: 'For Missionaries and their Auxiliaries"

The missionaries of the world at the end of June, 1938, numbered 272,020--410 Bishops, 138 other mission superiors, 22,067 priests, 10,691 brothers, 56775 sisters, 88,909 catechists, 72538 school teachers, 157 doctors and 1,025 nurses

In the year then ending nearly 2,000,000 persons were baptised 430,330 of them adults in normal health the Catholic population was raised from 21,114,936 to 21,875,532, and there were 3,216,783 catechumens under instruction

In the Belgian Congo the priest has on the average more than 2,500 Christians and nearly 1,000 catechumens in his care

Famous Hymn Writer

HERMAN THE LAME

Nine centuries ago a young monk gazed out over the waters of Lake Constance from his little corner in the monastery scriptorium and asked himself what solution there might be for the miseries of a devastated world Unable himself to rise from the bed where he passed the whole of his brief monastic ife, he compared his bwn crippled state to that of Europe as he knew t torn by wars social disorder religious gnorance, heresy, and famine With a will of iron, Herman the Lame, or 'Contractus,'' had mastered nearly the entire range of science and culture of his century: theology ma thematics, astronomy, music, Latin, Greek and Arabic His literary works remain as a monument to his genius as a subtle poet and scholarly chronicler.

But all the science of the world could not come to the aid of the stricken people that was striving to rise" cadenti surgere qui curat populo," unless the grace of Heaven were called down by that Virgin who was the Mother of Him Who made her So out of his meditations he composed the glorious hymn, "Alma Redemptoris Mater," that the Church sings each dav at the close of her Lauds and Vespers service during the season of Advent and Christmas, Porta manes, et stella maris: Gate of Heaven and Star of the Sea! A frantic world utters to-day that age-old cry of Herman the Lame, and begs of Christ through Mary the cure of that fatal paralysis which afflrts the human will when deprived of the grace of the Creator

CHALLENGE

To the Editor, Sir Since being endorsed bv the Australian Labour Party to contest the Swan seat at the forthcoming Federal elections, t has been reported to me that a small group of individualsobviously opponents of the party I have the honour to represent-re indulging n a whispering campaign to the effect that I am a member of the Communist Party It would appear that truth is the first casualitv in elections as in war For the benefit of these unscrupulous ndividuals I wish to state I am not and have never been a member of the Communist Party, or any other political party but the Australian Labour Party Furthermore, I am prepared to donate 50 to any charitable nstitution you may mention, Sir, f it can be proved that I have ever been, not only a member, but even supporter of the Communist, Country, or anv other political party but the one I officiallv represent I might mention that I am president of the Kellerberrin Branch of the AL P , an office I have held on three occasions during the past five years, the remaining two vears I held the office of secretarv I am a member of the Avon Valley district council of the ALP I am also a member of the State executive of the Returned Sol diers' League, and the Land Committee of that bodv I om a member of the Eastern Districts Hospital Board. T served for over four vears with the ALP and took part in the Gallipoli campaign before reaching military age On the outbreak of war I joined the A class ex-service men reservists T trust that vou will favour me with the opportunity of making these facts known to your re?ders through the valuable columns of The Record"Yours etc

JAMES DINAN

THE LATE MR J J COPLEY. The funeral ofi the late Mr J mes Joseph Copley, of the Swanbourne Service Station, and formerlv of the 11th Battalion, AI F, who died on Fridav last, April 5, took place on Saturday morning, 6th inst, Re quiem Mass for the repose of his soul was celebrated by the Rev Father J Ryan, O.MI, at St, Patrick's Church, Adelaide-street, Fremantle The cortege proceeded to the Fremen tle Cemetery, where the remains were interred in the Catholic portion The Rev Father P C Smith, of St Anne's Palmyra, conducted the last rites at the graveside and there were also present the Rt Rev Monsignor Fagan the Very Rev Father T Haugh, O.M.I, Superior, and the Rev Father Master son, of St Thomas's, Claremont, who give the liturgical responses ' Mr Copley, who was born at Foots cray, Victoria, had resided in Western Australia for 40 years He was engaged in business on the Eastern Goldfields until he enlisted in 1916 with the th Battalion, A I F , and he served until the armistice Mr Copley was severely wounded in France and this was ultimately the cause of his early death He had been in business in the metropolitan area since 1919 and for the last six years was proprietor of the Swanbourne Service Station Mr Copley, who always evinced a spirit of public service, was popular with all with whom he b:came associated, and was very highly respected The chief mourners were: Mrs J J Copley twife), Mrs Copley (mother), Mr Stanley Copley (brother), Mrs M O'Brien and Miss F Copley (sisters) Messrs J P F S and L V O'Hara (brothers-in-law), Mesdames J P and L V O'Hara (sisters-in-law) Mr T Faulkner (uncle), Mesdames C Bell and M Sinclair aunts) Messrs C J and J J O'Hara and M Sinclair (nephews), Misses K O'Brien and Patricia and Margaret O'Hara (nieces), and Mr and Mrs A McInnes (cousins) The pall-be rers were: Cr J M Farrell and Messrs C T and M P Cogan P J Kelly, W G Packer A J Baker G Barrett Hill and A J Sharp Among those present were The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly (Mr. J B Sleeman) Pay-Lieut.-Commander, J B Gabedy R.A N , Messrs P Leen (ex-Inspect.or of Police), F S Prentice (secretary, Returned Mai el and Limbless Men's Association), R T King (C C Wakefield and c Ltd), R. F, Laurence (manager, Ali ance Assurance Co., Ltd.), L M Bvrne (Commonwealth Ohl Refineries, Ltd), W A Trevenen (Atkins, W A, Ltd.) J C Robinson (Texas Co. Au tralasia, Ltd), J S Finney (Shell Co of Australia, Ltd), € Garnaut (Coventry Motors, Ltd), H Hawes (Alliance Assurance Co Ltd.) W E. Gloster Dunlop Perdriau Rubber Co.) D lames R G. Wood L Packham I McNamara, A. C Stephens, G C Best, W E Tonks, C Peterson, D Barrett HA G H Critchley J S White, P, Bradv T I DI R Logan, G E See, T P McInernev H Burgess F _ W and R L Mills E G Underwood, H L. Anderson, T Coughlan W H Sharp I Healy J Blacker, E H Lugar, J E and T Gabbed, G L rdi D, Hal, T Brennan H. T Howson R Edwards D M Campbell E W Davies and M Morrow; Mr and Mrs P Giles and Mr and Mrs H. M Simson, Mesdames Barrett Hill, T E Gabbed, M. T Grady, E M Keon IA I, Sharp T Malcahv, D Hall and E T. Richardson and Miss Jenkin : The hearse was aden with beautiful floral tributes and widespread expressions of svmpathy have been extended to the bereaved relatives The funeral arrangements were carried out bv Arthur E Davies and Company

Kellerberrin.

Thursday, April 11, 1940

Apostolic Delegate Consecrates Archbishop of Adelaide

The Consecration and Enthronement of the Most Rev Matthew Beovich as Archbishop of Adelaide took place in St Francis Xavier's Cathedral on Sunday last, with solemn and impressive ritual. At the Consecration ceremony, His Excellency the Apostolic Delegate (the Most Rev John Panico, S T D , J U D ), was assisted by the Archbishop of Sydney (Most Rev Norman Gilroy), and the Bishop of Geraldtori (Most Rev James O'Collins) The preacher was the Archbishop of Hobart (Most Rev Justin Simonds)

Otherprelates present werethe Archbishop of Melbourne (Most Rev Daniel Mannix), the Bishop of Port Augusta (Most Rev Dr McCabe), the Bishop of Sandhurst (Most Rev Dr McCarthv) the Bishop of WilcanniaForbes (Most Res T AM Fox), the Coadjutor-Bishop of Lismore (Most Rev A. J Farrelly), the Bishop of Wagga (Most Rev F A Henschke), the Bishop of Bal-

Dr. Beovich

Wylde Pontifical High Mass was then sung, and after the chanting of the litanies of the Saints by the clergy, the Book of Gospels was placed over the neck and shoulders of the Archbishopelect, whose hands were anointed and bound in linen before he received the crozier A ring sprinkled with holy water was placedon hisfinger,and the mitre and gloves were blessed, while a Te Deum was sung to Sir Hubert Parrv's music

larat (Most Rev D Foley), and the Bishop of Sale (Most Rev Richard Ryan)

The consecration ceremonies, whch lasted three hours, began with the procession of the hierarchy and clergy, during which the "Ecce Sacerdos Magnus" was sung to music composed by the Cathedral organist, Mr Harold

Belgian Primate says Neutrality Is a Moral Duty

That neutrality is not egoism but, on the contrary, Christian charity rightly understood, is the conclusion reached by His Eminence Cardinal von Rcey, Archbishop of Malines and Pri mate of Belgium, in a closely documented study of the moral obligations of Belgium with regard to the present European conflict.

Having quoted the Holy Father and manv other authorities to show how each State is obliged to help its neighbours and to co-operate socially and economically with them in normal circumstances, h concentrates on devastating criticism of the interested par ties who have recently been trying to propagate the idea that the neutrals should join in th war It Can Command Governments International haritv has limits, he says, If in givn circumstances t can dvuse and evn command governments to make certain sacrifices t does not authorise them to take liber ties with the right: of the nations en trusted to their care and which they have the absolute duty of defending against every usurpation

At times His Eminence continued the rights and duties of States in relation to other nations are

ANTI-CHRISTIAN

The Soviet papers of January 31, among others the "Komsomolskaya Pravda," the organ of the Communist Youth, reproduce long extracts from a speech by Michaelov the General Secretary or that organisation This is what he said in substance:

On August 30 there was signed a pact between the Soviet Union and Germany to combat any Christian ideology that would be hostile to the two States, The Catholic clergy is specially singled out for its hostility to both Russia and Germany The two btates have conferred on the necessary measures to be taken and decided to exchange all information regarding this question This campaign will offer special interest in Poland On the other hand even work in common has its limitations: the Sovietic opposition to religion is inspircd by the Marxist theory, wher· as Germany's opposition is based on the racial theory For this reason the two countries have not seen their way to co-ordinate their work, chiefly with regard to the Jewish problem Moreover the Sovietic union cannot tolerate the fact that the Orthodox of former Poland (German Ukrainians, White Rusians) should have a Church in Germany that might serve s a rallying point for their reunion Meanwhile anti-religious propaganda will be carried on by the atheist league and practical measures will be jointly decided upon by the Sovietie Union and Germany "

Any subscriber whose paper 1s not delivered by Saturday at the latest, is askca to communicate immediately with this office

compared tc those of individuals in relation to each other It is true that the State is a moral person, but the comparison is not per-

COMBINATIONS

FILMS PORTRAY PRIESTS

Two of Hollywood's ew films have priests as the chief characters, "The Fighting 69th.,' with Pat O'Brien as Father Duffy, famous American war chaplain, and "Mutiny in the Big House'' starring Charles Bickford as Father Joe, a character suggested by heroic Father Patrick O'Neil, who in 1929 averted a prison break at Canon City, Colorado American papers have paid tribute to the producers of The Fighting €9th." The scenes include a Midnight Mass in France, the Our Father in a hospital ward that is being bombed, and the administration of Extreme Unction a scene perfect in its ceremonies

Pat O'Brien, a Catholic, who has portrayed a priest before, is, like Spencer Tracy who played Father Flanagan in "Boys' Town" a native of Milwaukee Milwaukee's Catholic newspaper is proud of Pat OBrien On its front page it prints his picture as Father Duffy and says: 'Pat's love for the priesthood-taught him at his mother's knee and bv the Sisters of Gesu school and the Jesuit Fathers at Marquettehines forth in everv scene '' Another charactr in "The Fighting 69th" is Joyce Kilmer, the Catholic soldier-poet, who was killed in action Although listed as Class A-for generalexhibition by the AmericanLegion of Decency-"The Fighting 69th" has been banned in Australia. Undoubtedly this has been done in the interests of recruiting, as the film has been termed a bitter indictment against war"

fect The private person may at times licitly and meritoriously renounce certain rights and in specific cases by an aet of heroic virtue may give their life for the good of others The State on the contrary cannot prefer the advantage of other nations to its own Heroic Sacrifices

"The State is not the regulator of the rights and goods which belong to the citizens and cannot therefore dispose of them n favour of outsiders, at least without their consent; it cannot in any case impose heroic sacrifices on them except to save the vital interests of the nation itself its existence, its independence, its liberty or an equivalent value

To sum up the nternational duty of States is circumscribed by its national duty This is not egoism but Christin charity rightly understood" His Eminence concludes: "In accordance with these considerations the sovereign authority of our country has decided to keep Belgium neutral in the actual conflict. This attitude s fully justified it conforms no: less to our duty than to our honour,"

The assistant Bishops conducted the new Archbishop around the aisles of the Cathedral while hegavehisblessingto thepeople

Among those present at the ceremonv were Dr Beovich's mother, his brother (Mr Frank Beovich), and his sister (Sister Marv Matthew, of the Sisters of St Joseph)

A SCOTSMAN ON IRELAND

The ABC celebrated St Patrick's Day by putting up a Mr Horner to give an "arm-chair talk" on Ireland. As Mr Horner began by saying that he knew nothing about Ireland, the A.B C mav have chosen him (com ments the "Catholic Press") under the impression that he was related to the amous Jack of that ilk who liked pie and thought himself a fine boy Unfortunately, Mr Horner did know a lct about Ireland, but he knew it upsidedown.

He expresed the opinion that the people who had to live in barren, useless Irelend were weaklings driven west by the superior Britons, Romans Anglo-Saxons and Normans, who grabbed all the beautiful fertile lands of Great Britain These unfortunate people, who had been unable to protect their English homes, demanded what the called Home Rule in Ireland. He said that when they got it (!) the found that it was no good and in these davs when little republics are being gobbled up by big empires, they wanted a little republic for themselves it about the I.R.A completed this rigmarole from an alleged Scotsman :ho sought to show his impartiauty by bracketing Scottish highlanders with th despicable Irish Next vear w hope that the ABC will forget St. Patrick's Day if it is t be merely a subject for derision

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DEATH OF FATHER MORTARA

Ward of Pope Pius IX

Father Pius Mortara central figure in the Mortara Mystery," which caused a diplomatic sensation in Europe 80 years ago, died last month at the Abbey of Bouhaylez-Liege, Belgium, at the age of 88

Father Mortara was an Italian Jew

He was secretly baptised n infancy by a Catholic servant, who feared the child might die He recovered from his illness and would have been brought up n the Jewish faith, but the servant made known what she had done

The problem went to the Archbishop of Bologna and then to Pope Pius IX who made every effort to induce the parents to allow the child to be brought up as a Catholic

They refused and the difficulty was finally decided by the Pope, as head of the Papal States in which the child and its parents lived, requiring the child to be given into his custody

This caused much controversy and bitter feeling at the time The case has been fully explained by Father A F Day SJ in a CT s pamphlet

Taught in England

The child was educated in Rome and joined the Canons Regular of the I,ateran, becoming an exceptionally devout priest and a famous preacher in France and Spain as well as in Italy

He spent some time in England and for a period taught at Spettisbury, former house of studies of the Canons Regular in Dorsetshire

Death of

LATE MISS JUDITH BOUWMAN

The tragie and untimely death of Miss Judith Bouwman, Superior of the Women of Nazareth in Australia on Friday, 29th ult, near Wangaratta, caused a wave of deepest sorrow and regret throughout the Commonwealth, particularly among the hundreds of young women of Catholic Action who cherished her friendship and knew her ennobling inspiration

Miss Bouwman, accompanied by Miss Juliet Loughnen another of the Ladies of the Grail left Hawthorn bv car to assist at the ceremony of the enthronement of the new Bishop of Wagga (Most Rev Dr Henschke) on Low Sunday Seven miles from Wangaratta the car overturned and Miss Bouwman was killed

The remains were taken to Sydney, met at the Sydney railway station on the Sunday, and taken to the Grail Home at "Loyola,'' Greenwich, where during the day large numbers of the Grail members and friends of the movement visited the Home RIP,

The Society of the Women of Nazareth, more commonly known as Ladies of the Grail, was founded in Holland in 1921 The first Sisters of the society came to Australia. in 1936, and set up residence in Sydney

Australia's

Grail Leader

Laubman & Pank

he first Ladies of the Gran to reacn Australian shores (Sept 1936) are shown here outside St Mary's Cathedral. Perth Miss Bouwman is second from the right

LOUVAIN'S LATE RECTOR

Monsignor Paulin Ladeuze, Rector Magnificus of Louvain's famous Catholic University, Belgium, for the past 32 years, including the period of the Great War, died suddenly recently Monsignor Ladeuze was held as a hostage by the Germans when they marched into the town in August, 1914 The university and its great ibrary were wantonly destroyed and he himself ll-treated and threatened with death Liberated, he went back to the town nd remained there throughout the occupation refusing under the threat of deportation, to open the university while Belgium was under the German yoke Monsignor Ladeuze had his way and the university was not re-opened until 1919 when women students were admitted for he first time To-dav,

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thanks t his work, it has more than 1,000 students and 150 profesors

Later the Rector received world-wide prominence o1 his long dispute concerning an anti-German inscription that the benefactors of the university wished to put on the rebuilt building He was all fer peace and opposed to Mr Whitney Warren, the American architect, on the matter, Violent incidents occurred at the time and after several court actions, Monsignor Ladeuze's decision was upheld

The Rector was 69 He was ordained n 1892, became a professor at Louvain in 1898 and Rector II years later He was n opponent of Flemish extremism, a member of the Belgian Royal Academv and honorarv member of many scientific and literarv institutions He wrote several works of research nto the origin of the Christian Church in the East

Monsignor Ladeuze was made a titular Bishop in 1928 He held the Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold

Portugal to D "eum on Birthday

Sing "Te 800th

PORTLG\L will celebrate the 800th anniversary of her foundation this month with a solemn Te Deum in the Patriarchal Cathedral of Lisbon and in all cathedrals and collegiate and parish churches in the Portuguese Empire solemn session will be held at the same moment in every town hall, nd the flag of Afonso Henriques, first King of Portugal will be broken on the owers of every castle amid peals of bells and salvoes of artillery

The Head of the State General Carmona, will speak in the National A\ssembly, and Dr Salazar, head of he Government, will deliver a speech from the castle walls of St George at Guimaraes, dominating Lisbon and the capital of the first Portuguese Court

A country eight centuries old Is rare and unique in Europe and ndeed in the whole world, especially if we lay own as a condition that the coun try during eight centuries should have hid the sare people the sme nation, and the same State,'says Dr Salazar Cycle of Festivities

The time of rejoicing will e divided into three periods the spring period, rom the end of April to the beginning of May the summer to the end of July and the third period from Aug ust to December

In the first period besides the sol emn Te Deum, will be held the Dav of the Navy n Lisbon with open-air Mass n the site where Vasco de Gama em arked to discover the sea route to India Cardinal Cerejeira Patriarch of Lisbon, will give en address, and there will be a reception on board a L5th century Portuguese ship in front of the famed Hieronvmite monaster and a procession on the river

During the summer period the Feast of St Anthony of Lisbon generally called St Anthony of Padua is celerated, when there will be a night performance of ·a medieval mystery play in the court of the Cathedral

There will be pilgrimages to shrines n the north and centre of the country and on the Feast of St, John and St, Peter popular celebrations in Lisbon

818 HAY ST

Near KING ST

Thursday, April 11, 1940

From Dire Persecution to Honourable Acceptance Christianity's

By T and A WALSH

HRISTIANITY was brought to

CJap�n in 1:-tt!J by St. Francis Xavier, who landed at Kagoshima on August 15 He was accomed by two missionaries and three pan ll :: Japanese converts Naturally aspur taal people and extremely ntelligent, those who heard the Christian teachers were immediately impressed with their message as it offered some hing which «was lacking in the philosophical thought of the Japanese Shintoism, or the way of the gods, is the national religious cult of Japan and from my; thical ages the people had believed in their descent from the sun godess, Amater:su and wrshipped innumer able' spirits in nature and in man

Then Buddhism, introduced in the sixth century, was engrafted on Shin toism, but it was chiefly the religion of the few philosophical minds and was ittle understood by the masses as the Buddhist teachers retired from the world and had very little contact with the people

The univerI desire of the human heart to learn the truth about Gd, and to live in ace rdance with that Truth was not satisfied with the nature-worship they were outgrowing, or the philosophy of Buddhism, which took men out of the w Id and left all the problems of life in the community of mankind unsolved. It seemed to the Japanesewh had heard the Christian tetchers that their mes sage answered their questions to the here and the hereafter and gave thir uls the peace and rest tor which they craved St Franci sta ed in Japan two years and five months, nd travelled frm Kagoshima to Hikedo andfrom there to Yamaguchi, then to Kyt and back again to Yamaguchi, and finally reached Oita He was received kindly everywhere, nd when he sailed from Japwn in Novemb:r 1551 he left behind him nearly 2,000 converts

His work was takn up by Father d Torres, by whos labours many more converts were made. The missonar work continued uninterrupted until 1640, when at least 2,000,000 men, women and ·hildren had b ·n baptised The Christins nu 1berd amng them sme of the me st powerful "daimyoes or feudal lords well as th ·ommon people and tl pr te ·tion f th important men was »xtnded both t missionaries and nverts Doubts and Suspicions Unfortunate the political state of Japan had b me very diturbed The Ashikaga Shoguns wh had ruled as lieutenant. of the Emperors, wre being opp·d y the powerful dimvoes nd bitt ·ivil wars rsulted

Three great Japanese generals were re sponsible for the paeif; ation of Japan

The first i th w Nbunaga wh protected the 'hristiams, particularly against the Buddhst pri sts. who hd entered int the political strife of the time. Th rivlry btween Nobunaga's faction and Hideyoshis broke into oper warfare and this brought the Christians into the political arena Hideyoshi, who had tolerated the mis sionaries, began t ppose them because th ristian daimyes were allied to Nobunaga's party A further check to the spread of Christianity was its asociation in the minds of the Japanese with the secular aims of Christian countries from overseas Fears of Spanish Rule

They feared that the coming of missionaries from Spain was only the preliminarv to the arrival of the King_of Spain's fleet of warships and that war and conquest were the real pur poses of the Western nations, The rivalrv between the Catholic and Pro testant sections of the Christian religion and the struggle between Holland, Great Britain and Spain were also imported into Japan

The Japanese began to perceive that there wasa great difference between the doctrines of Christian Faith and the actions of those who professed it; that its en trance into Japan had not brought harmony and peace, but added to the strife and confusion which already ex isted, and thus the work of the early missionaries was undone by the secular Governments, and an era of proscrip tion and persecution, induced not by intolerance or anti-Christian feeling, but bv fear of conquest, was inaugurat ed Tn 1596, while Hideyoshi was at the head of affairs, a Spanish ship, the San Felipe," was stranded near Urat in the province fosa, and one of the rescued sailors imprudently boasted that Spain, then mistress of the seas, expanded her domains by sending out

missionaries to convert the people and following this up by conquering the land.

Hideyoshi at once inquired into this incident and became convinced of its truth, chiefly on the evidence supplied by the Dutch and English traders, who lost no opportunity of supplying information derogatory to their Portuguese and Spanish rivals Hideyoshi had the leaders of theCatholic missions captured, and crucified them as enemies of Japan Ieyasu, who followed Hidey oshi and established the Tokagowa Shogunate, was a liberal-minded man; he tried to establish friendly relations with foreign Powers and was tolerant towards Christianity In 1602 nine missionaries came out from Spain and public Christianity was again allowed

The Great Persecution

Once more, however, Christianity be came involved in politics, and not only did the Japanese Christians become embroiled with their non-Christian compatriots but the Catholic missionaries were accused of complicity in the territorial ambitions of the Spanish Empire The discovery of secret letters which appeared to involve the Portuguese and Spanish missionaries in a plot to inv?de Japan caused Ieyasu's grandson, Iemitsu, to banish all Spaniards from the realm and forbid the coming of any more. The Christians in Japan were summoned to renounce their Faith and terribly punished for refusing to obey

T prevent the inursion of the foreign Powrs into Japan, Iemitsu closed th countrv entirely No Japanese might leave the shores and no foreignr might enter it, ind the building_of ships was prohibited In 1640 five Portugue ambassadrs with a train 74 per ns arrived in Nagaski, they re requested to at once renounce Chritianity When thy refused they wre put to death, except 13 sailors, whom Iemitsu sent to Maca in China, with this mesage: "As long as the sun continue to shin on this nether world, let no Christian be foolhardy enough to come to Japan May all know that be he the Kin of Spain hims ·lf r the Gd of the Christians, r the great Shak in person whoever shall transgr this prohibition will pay for it ith his head."

Drastic Rule

Th. Tokagow Shogunate which lasted for 200 years attempted to ex tirpate what they nsidered a dangerous freign rligion by a series of dranian ergulations and harh punish ments AI! oll L to become connectd with the Buddhist temp! and th riests were called n t is sue rtif tes of faith which wre requird in f marriage travelling, change of domicile and urial. The Governor of Nagsaki, in an excess of zeal, instituted the cere monv of "Efumi," which consited o treading on holy pictures and which at the instance, it is said, of som fanatical Dutch Protestants was ap plied to Japanese suspe ·ted of being Christians end to any foreigner who sought to enter Japan Doubtless the Duteh suggestion was instigated by a desire to keep thir Catholic rivals from competing with them for trade and in fluence in Japan.There seemed little hope for the survival of Christianity in Japan, for the daimyoes who had dopted it were put to death or had surrendered, and the Christian armies they had organised were dispersed, while the masses, harried bv the authorities were without Christian books or teachers. From all appearances the Christianity of Japan was completely annihilated but the missionaries had not given up hope The estblished themselves on the Luchu Islands, studying the Japanese language and watching for a chance to slip into Japan At first the case eemed hopeless, but inside Japan itself the authority of the Tokagowa was weakening and a change of thought taking place. The whole basis of the exclusive policy was being called into question and a great desire to know more of the world was stirring among the people In 1844 Father Forcade a French priest, was allowed to land at Okinawa and lived there for two years, though he was unable to penetrate further into the country In 1858 the Shogunate decided to open the ports of Yokohama Nagasaki ·nd Hakodate to foreign trade and at the same time foreigners were permitted to ive in Japan and to build churches there but only for themselves The missionaries quickly slipped in through the little crack thus opened in the long-

closed door of Japan Word came to Paris in 1859 that a priest walking in the suburbs of Shimoda, had met a peasant who stopped him and opening his shirt front, showed him a cross he was wearing on his breast, There were, the peasant told the priest, a few who, like himself, remembered the names of Jesus and Mary and had kept the cross as the svmbol of their Faith in secret "

Discovery of the Old Christians Nothing more, however, was heard of this until a church was built at Nagasaki in 1864 on the slopes of Oura in front of the mountain where the crosses of the 26 martyrs had stood This small, but beautiful, building with its three golden crosses attracted great crowds of sightseers On Friday, March 17, in the following year, Father Petitjean observed a small company of Japanese people, men, women and children standing at the door of the church and he thought there was something about them which denoted a deeper interest than mere curiosity. He opened the door and the people followed him into the church He knelt down to pray for these strangers, and to his astonishment three old women knelt by his side and one of them leant over and whispered to him: AI we who are here hove the same hearts a: you" They had come, she told him, from Urakami: "Nearly all at Urakami," she said, "have the same hearts as we"

A Marvellous Survival

Tens of thous: nds of the first Catholics were discovered still holding the Faith in secret, without a book and without a teacher through seven generations It was said that one of the martyrs who had been executed in Nagasaki confidently prophesied that the missionaries would come again from foreign l nds, and in that hope the faithful had gone on teaching their children what they could remember and being as true as they to the instructions of the missionaries who had suffered so much for the enlightenment of their forefathers, The joy of th Christians t finding themselves again unitd with the Church was short-lived. Th authorities were still suspiciu that the new religion would subvert the loyalty of the people and become

Ia means f foreign conquest. New proscriptions wre ordered, and the persecutions, though milder than before were very grievous, many Christians being thrown into gaol and thers sent into exile

Howev:r Japan wa now opening her hou: to the Western world, and she found she had 1. reason for her e:rs f foreign untrie than in olden times and an er: rligion t«·ration began The Japanese Government has made honourab! amend for the terrible persecutions at Nagasaki by making th first Cthe lie church built in Japan a ntional treasure, mnd thus placing t under the p ·tection of th nation

Misunderstandings Cleared Away

loubt the early Christians bidden here to worship by the Government had rejoiced to know that while they were seemingly worshipping the Buddhist image, the sacred symbol was hidden there all the time An ancient copy of the Scriptures in French lies beside the terrible proclamation warn ing Christians that they must renounce their Faith or die

The Cathedral.

As we mounted the steep steps and entered the beautiful church, it was easy to imagine how the little body of the faithful had stood there wonderng and hopingyet in doubt-and how their hearts must have swelled with joy to find these dear friends who had come from afar to lead and com fort them

The Church of the Twenty-Six Martyrs is not the only Catholic church in Nagasaki We also visited the Cathe drat at Urakami which is built in Jap anuse style and in which there are no seats Before entering the cathedral shoes must be removed and the worshippers must sit and kneel on the polished wooden floor: the holding capacity is 3000 and as early us 530 on bitter winter mornings it is thronged with those attending first Mass, among whom are hundreds of women carry ing their babies on their backs On a Sunday morning the streets of Nagasaki leading towards the cathedral are pcked with Japanese Christians going to and coming from Holy Mass: old men and women bent wrt? age and toil, mothers with babies strapped to their backs cuddled in their warm coats, fathers holding their udding little ones by the hand and the elder boys nd girls accompaning them some in patched garments me in gay silk kimonos---but all happy in the freedom of worship now guaranteed in Japan

Increasing Influence

The influence of Christianity on the Japanese is much greater than the official attitude towards Christians might suggest The contact with Christianity in Japan has extended th horizon of all the Japanese, whether hev are nominally 'hristians or not but it must be remembered that our e urches are foreign nstitutions in Nippon and the l nguage and imagery f Christian literature unfamiliar essential truth that God is easily :omprhended and gladiy d a an expansion of th know 5' the Heavenly Pw, and the commandment love your neigh!our as v urself, are n turally acceptable to a kindly people among whom similar precpts hav circulated for ages The rly hostility which gave rise to such ·»rr· bl persecuti n: arose from the in misunderstanding f a new in of thought

The writers of this article visited the church in Janury this year were received by His Lordship : shop of Nagasaki, Most Rev Dr Yamaguchi, who kindly showed us th church and the little museum attached to it, in which the precious relics of the earl Christians are preserved with the sad evidences of the persecutions I The roughly-moulded statues of the Virgin and 'hild whih were hidden wav for c nturie,; ha,e been pl,ccd I there. One of these was discovered in the head of a great Buddha; no

For ages the Japanese had ideatfiel Heaven with Japan, and thes suppos ed that the foreign missionaries had the same idea and had come to overthrow their Emperor and substitute their own King's rule The apprecvatin of he J panse for Christianitv an b gauged best by the high esteem in which the schools of the missions r held, and th extent to which their ia ntitutions are valued

An example of this is seen in the ac tions of the citizens of Tokyo in 1923, after the great earthquake. when tbey subscribed 70000 dollars towards repairing the Catholic school of the Morning Ster, though the whole city was burdened with heavy costs."The tatholie Press.'

extra at Nicholson's I Programme includes Choral Items, Physical and Spectacular Drills, Plays j f and Colourful Scenas Dancing and Elocutionary Items Gymnastics etc f d000.0000-0000-00000-0-0000«0-

Official Organ of the Archdiocese of Perth

Established 1874

TELEPHONE: B9141

Address all communications to the Editor, Box A35, GPO, Perth,

PERTH, THURSDAY, APRIL 11, 1940

War-time Morality

The aspect of war which neither our political leaders nor the Press bring into prominence, and that which is actually of paramount importance, is the ruin of souls Similarly it s so in the abuses of the social order (which is warfare on the economic front), and in the spiritual disorders that derive from both these types of warfare the Church finds good and sufficient grounds for mediation

Recent reports from England proclaim deliberate attempts to lower moral standards on the plea that laxity is a necessary result of war

Hence bottle parties, nudity and blatant lasciviousness on the stage have increased to such an extent that vigorous protests have been made to the authorities, and not the least significant of these was that made by the London show girls

One of the difficulties in meeting this situation is that reports by private bodies, although excellent in substance, are sometimes cast in the phraseology of mere prudery and without any clear standard of moral values The result of this is that the Press and the lewd gentlemen who reap the profits of this salaciousness are apt to treat protests with derision On the other hand, there is the danger of exaggerating the matter to such an extent that foreigners might readily believe that the moral standards of Britain and her Dominions have totally collapsed

At the moment there is little to complain of locally All things considered, the conduct of the troops has been above major reproach, and the civilian population shows no tendency towards those excesses which have appeared in London But the principle from which these things derive is in fairly general currency. Experience has shown that a lowering of moral standards is one of the consequences of war But because it is expected, that by no means makes it nevitable If the cause for which we fight s just and noble t should be reflected in the high moral sense, both of the soldiers and of the civilians who maintain the home front Not the least remarkable feature of Franco's war of liberation n Spain was that the Nationalist Army had no camp followers Similarly, after the siege of Warsaw, survivors reported that t was a period of self-sacrifice, of interior peace and happiness It is of little use to speak of a new order eventuating from the war if during hostilities the authorities delude themselves with the false notion that they should meet the moral reaction half way The common man hopes that out of this welter of blood and tears there will emerge a higher moral standard n sound politics, but unless the ntegrity of the individual is protected, such aspirations are doomed t disappointment and frustration

During war, under the pretext of a fatalistic necessity, there arise creatures who deliberately exploit vice, partly as an attack upon the community and partly because there is big money in battening off human weakness; and the public authorities have the duty to protect the soldiers and civilians from harpies who are nothing but profiteers in white slavery Ordinary young men in the army will have difficulty enough in combatting the moral evils of the day without being exposed to touts in search of profit Immorality is not suddenly wanted by young men simply because they are in the Services This matter also is one of great military importance for the demoralisation of an army may begin in the underworld, and our enemies must know the reaction of vice on military discipline Ii lewd shows on the stage and in the films are simply not tolerated, not permitted to advertise, nor smugly commented on by journalists who would not normally touch them, the public authority will have done its duty And for the rest one may safely rely on the grace of God and the individual conscience to preserve the deal which we claim as the practical issue of the war to which we are committed

The American "Plot"

The reports from New York during the week announce the commencement of the trial of the I7 members of the Christian Front who were arrested in February on charges of plotting the overthrow of the Government of the United States Since the matter has received considerable publicity n the Press of this country, and since the name of Father Charles Coughlin has been mentioned in connection with the Christian Front to which the defendants belonged it is interesting to note that in New York itself the whole business is being treated as farcical and as bringing ridicule upon he distinguished head of Mr J Edgar Hoover, the chief of the Gmen who "exposed the plot '' Two responsible newspapers, America "' a national weekly conducted by the Jesuits, and "Time" a secular news magazine, which holds no brief for Catholicism but

Thursday, April 11, 1940.

which is justly reputed for a love of the truth, treat the affair as a large scale farce "America" declares "the whole affair is ridiculously funny n itself We are inclined to believe that the Federal Bureau of Investigation was used, in this fantastic incident, to further the drive of certain powerful interests" "Time" comments tersely that "Mr Hoover had a whiz of a plot The only trouble with this plot was that few pulp editors would offend their readers with such horrendous fantasy."

k k k a k k k

The plotters now on trial (who were going to overthrow the United States) consisted of a lift mechanic, a telegraph office clerk, a baker, a telephone linesman, a chauffeur, a power company clerk, a tailor, a correspondence school's salesman, while the balance belonged to the army and navy reserves or the national guard, one being a captain The instruments of destruction and of revolution were 12 spring field rifles, 3,500 rounds of stolen ammunition, one long sword, 18 tins of cordite powder, a collection of soup and beer cans (the combination would make bombs), four belts of machine gun ammunition, and four 22 rifles "America? suggests that the accused men might be classified somewhat as follows: "A few are psychopathic cases who need strait-jackets; a few are nerve ridden enthusiasts made violent by dark broodings; the others are dupes It is just as well to remove them from society for a while till their brains get unrattled It is well also to smash the violent and fanatical groups of organisations calling themselves the Christian Front" If New Yorkers worry so little about this national revolution, there is no need for Australians to toss n their beds about it The less so if those beds have sectarian mattresses

ARCHBISHOP'S ENGAGEMENTS

April 14 1l am : Liturgical Re ception to His Excellency the Apostolic Delegate at the Cathedral Celebrate Pontifical High Mass

April 19 9 a m : Bless new Church at Capel

April 21 7.30 p m : Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at St Columba's South Perth Mav 1 -7.15 a m : Profession ceremony at St. John of God Convent, Subiaco

May 4-8 am,: Profession ceremony at St Joseph's Convent, Fremantle

May 12 -3 p m : Confirmation of adults at St Marv's Cathedral May 17 10 am : Preside at quarterly conference of the Priests of the metropolitan area

May 19: Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at Sacred Heart Church Beverley

Mav 26: Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at St Patrick's Church York

The death occurred in Ireland on March 21 of Rev Father Gerald Grift fin, who wes well known in the Archdiocese of Perth Father Griffin was buried at Glasnevin Cemetery on March 23

k # k k

The annual Retreat for the Confraternity of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour will commence at the Monastery on Sunday, April 14, at 3.30 p.m k #

The annual Retreat of the St. Ildephonsu: College Old Boys will be held at the Redemptorist Monastery, North Perth over the ong week-end Mav 4-6

It is hoped to make the attendance this year a record and all Old Boys in the city are urged to keep this date free Those who ntend making the Retreat should communicate without delav with the President or Secretary of the Association, or with Mr G. Jeffs k k t s

Would anyone knowing the whereabouts of William Devins, who came to Western Australia from Scotland in 1922, and was at one time working in the Belka district, please communicate with the Very Rev. Administrator, St Mary's Cathedral, Perth

GERMAN PRELATES GO TO MISSIONS WITH ALLIED VISAS

A German Bishop consecrated by the Holy Father last October and another German prelate have been enabled to return to their missions through facilities granted by the British and French Governments Mgr B S Kurz, Vicar Apostolic of Kokstad, South Africa, left his mission for Rome before the outbreak of. war, The permit from the British Government allowing him to return did not reach him until he was alreadv on his way back. He received a very cordial reception on reaching Durban and again when he arrived at Kokstad British and French permits secured by the immigration bureau of the National Catholic Welfare Conference en-

abled Mgr Mathia Buchholz, M SC Prefect Apostolic of Shihtsien China, to return to his post from San Fran cisco He had left China before the war to attend a meeting of his order mn the U S A The British consular authorities n New York issued a visa on his German passport allowing him to land at Hongkong, and the French authorities granted a visa permitting him to travel on the French-owned railway across Indo-China

SACRED HEART HIGH SCHOOL

Parents' and Friends' Association

The first of the monthly bridge parties which will be conducted by the committee of the above association will be held on Wednesday, April 17 next Wednesday), in the Parish Hall, Har old-street, Highgate Prizes will be awarded for highest number, hidden and lowest prize will also be given for rummy Tables mav be booked by ringing the Conv nt

44444 4444444444444 4444444444444.4444444

SOCIAL CALENDAR

April:

Wednesday, 17: S H.H.S. Parents' and Friends' Bridge Party, Parish Hall, Highgate

Thursday, 18: CY L.C Picture Night

Friday, 19: Highgate Christian Brothers' Annual Concert, His Majesty's Theatre.

Tuesday, 23: 2 pm, CW L Bridge Party, Stirling Social Rooms, St Gertrude's Ex-Collegians' Card Evening Carlton Club

May: Friday, 10: Catholic Tennis Association Dance, Stirling Social Rooms (Mention n this column will be made only of those functions advertis ed elsewhere in this issue)

4 4444444444444

A RETREAT FOR THE CONFRATERNITY OF OUR LADY OF PERPETUAL SUCCOUR

WiI] commence at THE MONASTERY on APRIL 14, at 3.30 p m

Thursday, April 11, 1940.

Apostolic Delegate on Saturday

WELCOME TO HIS EXCELLENCY

HIS Excellency the _\po-.;�I1c IJelegatc ,,ill arrhe un Saturday, 13th inst This great occasion, the visit of the Pope's representative, will be fittingly marked by joyful liturgical ceremonies in St Mary's Cathedral, and music special to the occasion will be sung by St Marv's Cathedral Choir and St Cecilia's Choir His Excellency will arrive on Saturday morning by train, accompanied by Very Rev J Hannan, DD., National Director of the Pontifical Mission Aid Societies, from Adelaide The first ceremonies will take place in the Cathedral on Sunday at Il am , when there will be a liturgical reception and Pontifical High Mass, at which His Excellency will preside

To provide for the large crowds expected, speakers will be set up in the Cathedral grounds for convenience of those unable tc gain admission

loud the

*The ontifical High Mass will be celebrated by His Grace the Archbishop, the Rev Father McGillicuddv will b deacon, and Rev Father Mccaul sub-deacon Deacons at the throne will be the lery Rev Austin Kelly 5 J., and the Very Re T Haugh, 0 M.I. The assistant will be the \ ery Rev E Kennedy, Adm Archbishop Panico, with His Grace and the clergy, will move in procession from the Archbishop's Palace before the ceremony, and as the procession enters the Cathedral the motet, 'Tu es Petrus" (Thou Art Peter") will be sung by the choir

This hymn is sung only in honour of the Holy Father or his representative The words are the words of Our Lord: "Thou art Peter, and upon this Rock I will build mv Church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against Her, and to thee I will give the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven " The setting is by Dom N Praglia

At the Offertory the motet, "Oremus pro Pontifice," by the same composer will be sung The words are: "Let us pray for our Holy Father Pius: May the Lord preserve him and give him life, and make him blessed upon the earth and deliver him not up to the will of his enemies"

Saturday, April 13 Morning: Arrive Perth bv train.

Sunday, April 14-11 am: Liturgical Reception in St Mary's Cathedral Pontifical High Mass, at which His Excellency the Apostolic Delegate wll preside

7 30 pm: Holy Name Men's Demonstration in St Mary's Cathedral Solemn Pontifical Compline Sermon by Rev Father Mcloughlin, C SS R Pontifical Benediction bv the Apostolic Delegate

Monday, April 15IO am Solemn High Mass for children in St Mary's Cathedral His Excellency the Apostolic Delegate will preside and deliver a short address to the children

Thursday, April 18Leave for New Norcia (by car)

Friday April 19Leave New Norcia for Geraldton (by car)

Wednesday, April 24Leave Geraldton for Broome (by 'plane)

Saturday, April 27 -Leave Broome for Perth (by 'plane)

Tuesday, April 30Leave Perth for Adelaide (by train)

By Arrives

CHILDREN'S

MASS.

On Monday morning at 10 o'clock a special Mass will be celebrated for children, at which the Apostolic Delegate will preside and will address the children

The Solemn High Mass will be celebrated by Very Rev J Wallace, Adm ; the deacon will be the Rev Father O'Reilly; sub-deacon the Rev J. McGillicuddy; assistants at the throne, the Very Rev E Kennedy, Adm , and the Rev J T McMahon; assistant priest, the Rev J Murphy; assistants to His Grace the Archbishop, the Rev T Perrott, 5 J , and the Rev G Hussey

On Thursday His Excellence will leave by car for New Norcia ST.

JOSEPH'SORPHANAGE/ EIGHTH ANNUAL PICNIC

\ committee· is organising the eighth annul picnic for the children of St Joseph's Orphanage, Subiaco, on Sunday, April 28, 1940 This has become a very popular fixture, meeting with the spontaneous support of the people, prviding as it does the one great outing of th year for the orphans There are about 200 children to transport by motor er to the Canning Park Racecourse where a sports programme will be run, afternoon tea served, refreshments, etc. provided and return to the Orphanage

Patrons who wish to make their car available may ring B5707

Arrangements are at follows:--

Cars: Cars assemble atthe Orphanage Subiaco (just past the St, John of God Hospital) at I,l pm, so as to load up and leave in a column at L30 p m The return trip will be made so as to arrive back at the Orphanage at 6 pm

Refreshments: Any supplies of sandwiches, cakes, scones, sweets, etc, will be gratefully received at the rooms over the Chesterton Club and Veritas Library (ne.) 36 Pier-street Perth on Saturday, April 27, up to 4.30 p.m, or Sunday morning from 10 am to 1030 am., or iternatively taken to the grounds n patrons' cars

It would be appreciated if patrons prviding a car would bring a lady friend who wuld assist in the serving f the afternoon tea

Train

MATRIMONIAL DISPENSATIONS

SEVERITY TO BE INCREASED

When the Pope inaugurated the 19391940 session of the "Sacra Romana Rota,'' he stressed three important items

First, if matrimonial dispensations have been on the increase in these last years this is not due to lack of rigour but mainly to the increase of the Catholic population thrcughout the world This severity would be increased in the future, the Pope said

Second, it is not true that only the rich and prominent political personalities obtain a dispensation The poor likewise are given every opportunity of stating their case and have it examined and judged with the same interest given to the rich. Not even money can stop justice, nd the poor have not one penny to pay to get justice. Therefore, all accusations apse

Ii Marconi and Schuschnigg have been successful many unknown people have received the same treatment too

The last point is the most important and refers to justice itself The Pope commended the Rota for having always kept the strict rules of divine jus tice, but these same rules are not today observed in the private life of individuls nor are thev in the relatins between nations

("Vatican Annuls 17 Marriage Unions" Air-Mail News, page 28)

TO LET Near Monastery, North Perth, Three Unfurnished Rooms verandah sleepout, gas stove, half of nice residence lawns; tiled roof, reasonable rent suit able tenant 4 Camelia-street first house from Vincent street

The Mass will be Perosi's Missa Pontifica'is No 2, and at the conclusion Lotti's "Regina Coeli" will be sung *

PONTIFICAL COMPLINE

In the evening at 7.30, Solemn Pontifical Compline will be sung by the clergy and the Cathedral Choir Pontifical Benediction will be given by the Apostolic Delegate, and the sermon will be preached by the Rev Faher McLoughlin, C SS R As this function will also be a demonstration y the Holy Name Society, and as they will be attending in large numbers, it has been necessary to reserve the whole of the Cathedral for men on that night

As in the morning, loud speakers will enable those unable to gain admission to follow the ceremones, Assistants to His Excellency at the evening function will be the Very Rev Father Duffv C SS R and Very Rev J Watlace, Adm Ministers for Benediction will be Deacon, the Rev E McBride; sub-deacon the Rev G Hussev; assistants to His Grace the Archbishop the Re H Kearin and the Rev J T McMahon ·

The chanters will be the Rev L Goody and the Rev J McGillicudd Compline is the last of the canonical hours of the dav,

and the general theme running through it is a plea for God's protection during the night At its commencement, after begging a blessing, a chanter sings a short lesson: "Brethren, be sober and vigilant; for your enemy the devil goeth about like a lion seeking whom he may devour; whom resist ye, strong in your faith"

After the Our Father, the presiding prelate says the Confiteor, which is then repeated by the clergy

Three psalms are then sung by the clergy, with the choir inging the alternate verses to falsobordoni bv Victoria and Viadana Thenfollows the hymn, which will be sung by the choir to the setting for five voices by the English composer, Tallis liter a short chapter and a response (sung by the boys), the Nune Dimittis will be sung by the clergy, with the choir alternating with music by Victoria The Office is then terminated with a prayer and a blessing, followed by the Regina Coeli sung in Gregorian Chant by the boys

Before the sermon the Easter Hymn will be sung, and before the Benediction a hvmn in honour of the Holy Father The Benediction music will e "Jest Dulcis Memoria" bv Victoria; "Tantum Ergo" by Palestrina; "Adoremus" (Allegri) and "Regina Coeli' (Lotti) As the procession leaves the church the whole of the congregation will sing "Faith of Our Fathers "

Afternoon Tea: Tea will be served for the adults at 330 pm and the childrn at 4.15 p.m

SOCIAL HARMONY

in the Catholic, readiness for selfcrifice free self-offering mounting up t total self-abnegation, ought to issue directlv from ur belief in the com plete self- orifice of Christ, continuously represented in the Mass In fact, the Christian religion ought at once to eliminate th whole notion of a selfish life, and ought to inspire the Catholic with th desire to be of the maximum of ev rv kind of ervice to other

The Chureh hersell i a society She i. th t into which the chosen people f Israel were transformed To be a member of the Church, therefore implies at once. and necesarily, the abolition of individualism. and it is tragic that Catholics, although so numerous, are not so imbued with this their Faith, that its social consequences immediately become obvious

The Catholic ought to be so truly a member of the universal spiritual societv that he would find it not hard to work actively for its reproduction on the mundane plane And if he does find it hard what of it? The Catholie is bound to be a m.n of self-sacri fice; if he is not, he has dropped something essential out of his creed

Let us put it briefly thus: the more fully a man recognises and is ready to work for a good social order, the better should he appreciate that perfect society which the Church is, and, con versely the better he appreciates the Church the more he will l bour even at great personal sacrifice. for the production of a good social order What we long for is the Catholic who wll unflinhingly apply his Faith to the human material which he contains within himself, and which lies around him in his fellow-men with whom he rgvni ally in union

DEATHS.

PILONI.-On Thursday April 4, + 185 York-street, Subiaco, Emil Edith, dearly loved mother and mother-in-law of Luev and Edmun Doyle, fond grandmother of Micha (Brother Benedict Waverle NSW), Patrick (CB. Trining Co lege, NS W), Joseph deceased) Margaret, Peter, John, Thomas and Richard R.LP

THORNTON On April 1, at St J hn f God's Hospital, Kalgoorlie, Henry Thomas Thornton dearly beloved husband of the late Ellen Lydia Thornton, and loved father of Catherine, Thomas, Edward, Fr n is, Harry, William, George RIP

IN MEMORIAM

LOWRY In loving memory of our dear husband and father, who passed away April 6, 1936 RI P Sacred Heart or Jesus, hav mercy n his soul

Inserted by his loving wife and son

M CAFFERTY Of your charity pr:y for the repose of the soul oi Susan Mccafferty, who died on April 11, 1939. RLP

Inserted by her loving niece, ne hew, and grandchildren

O'NEILL In loving memory of Gladys Margaret (Sister M St. Mar tha), who did April 18. 1938 0, Sacred Heart of Jesu have merey on her soul.

Inserted by her ver ving father mo·ther and sister

CANTWELL. Of your charity, pray for the repose of the sul of David Patrick, whe died n April 16, 1933

Inserted by his p rents sisters and brther

Dr Halliday Sutherland, the author, left Sydney last Thursday on his return to London. He spent four months in Australia and two months in Ne Zealand He has chosen the title, "Southern Journey" for the book on Australia

1n Training

Religion learnt from the teachers is excellent, but there is a knowledge of it which the classroom cannot give: that which comes to a child at its first rising in the morning, goes with it

By "1he Hawk Racing

Selections

CANNING PARK

Saturday, April 13, 1940.

Maiden Juvenile Stakes: Orchid Val ley, 1; Roselian, 2; Hesperos, 3 Maddington Plate: Samoan Clipper 1; Wynbring 2; Dawnlist 3

Maiden Handicap: Yedrion, 1; Inchaking, 2; Giglet, 3 Maddington Purse: In the Bue, 1; Amplaid, 2; Apt, 3

Canning Handicap: Goldcyan, Third Monk 2; Godlee 3. Welter Handicap: Breakers 1; Mylopia 2; Lady Tourist, 3

Trotting Selections

GLOUCESTER PARK

Saturday, April 13, 1940

WA Breeders' Handicap: Baron Antique, 1; Mareche, 2; Phyllis Derby, 3. Carnarvon Handicap: Desert March, 1; Edith Direct, 2; Warrego, 3. Geraldton Handicap: Pleasant Surprise, 1; Louis Braden, 2; Golconda, 3 Darwin Handicap: Black Judy, 1; Rby's Last, 2; Little Pick, 3 Midland Handicap: Lelaine, 1; Lutana, 2; Huon Rock, 3, Onslow Handicap: Maud Pointer, 1; Linya Lady, 2; Jenny Derby, 3 Wyndham Handicap: Spot Dance, 1; Storm Cloud, 2; Alfred's Double, 3.

Canning Park RACES

SATURDAY

APRIL 13, 1940. BIG TREBLE TOTE

ALEX CLYDESDALE, Secretary.

English Bishop by Bus

Begins Visitation and

Most Rev, Dr Peter Amigo Arch bishop-Bishop of Southwark, began the 7th canonical visitation of his diocese, which comprises the ancient dioceses of Canterbury Rochester and Chichester with part of old Winchester

The task will take him two years; he zaill travel round his 175 parishes in Kent, Surrey and Sussex and the County of London south a the Thames by 'buses and trams and third-class rail,

for he refused to accept the personal gift of a motor car from his clergy on the occasion of the golden jubilee of his ordination two years ago

£8,000 Subscribed

The £8,000 subscribed by his congregation he also declined on the same occasion, and instead it has been devoted to c life-long wish of hisa Diocesan Hall, which was recently opened next to his Cathedral One of the most upto-date n South London, it will fill a much-needed want in providing for Diocesan gatherings and meetings

Peter Emmanuel Amigo was born at Gibraltar 76 years ago. He went to England to study law-but became a priest instead

Since his consecration as Bishop of Southwark 36 years ago, he has been a model of hard work and apostolic zeal

Home the

through the day as part ot what it means by home-life, closes at its mother's knee before it goes to sleep Religion learnt from the taught catechism is good, but it is not to be compared with that knowledge of the Faith which a child will learn from its mother which a growing and inquiring boy will learn from a father who will undertake to guide him in things at least that he should read and think

The church mav well be the centre for community prayer; but unless it has already begun in the home, community prayer is liable to become a form perhaps even a urden We have heard much in recent ve rs about the leakage'' We have heard the blame put upon the Church, upon the school upon the atmosphere in which our young people are compelled to live

Yet one of these can be wholly to blame since in themselves thev are good The child that has imbibed the Faith at his own warm hearth has that which nothing can wholly stifle; it has ecome part of his life and will go with him through every trial Of course there will always be exceptions; of the twelve Apostles one failed But for the rest it is true; children who have been well-trained in the home seldom fail, and no one knows this better than those who have to deal with chi]dren in school

Tram

H It was whose sustained interest and aavccacy hastoned the canonisa ticn or Sains Thomas More and John Fisher

His only holidays, are his pilgrimages, and his oftical ad imina visits once each five years to Rome

With:n the past 27 years he has been presented with more than 1£50 000 to commemor te four mportant events in his life It has all been used or the Diocese

998 Priests Ordained

Since his consecration as Bishop in 1904 he has ordained nine hundred and ninetyeight priests an average of 29 a year The subscribers to Archbishop Amigc's Jubilee Fund included Mr. de Vaera and Mr Cosgrave as well as many Irish priests and laymen

He has lived up to his name literaly, as a true friend of Irish Catholicism when friends were needed There are few Irishmen who do not recall the part he played when Terence MacSwiney's hunger strike ended n death Archbishop Amigo gave proof of his courage and generosity when he threw open his Cathedral of St George, so that fitting honour could be done to the remains before the long journey to Ireland was begun

Dr _ +migo's very extensive diocese is one which has always had the assistance of particularly large numbers of Irish priests and nuns, valued help which Dr Amigo hes never ceased to acknowledge

In recognition of his very keen nterest in Ireland's national aspirations, leading London-Irish people presented Dr Amigo with his portrait in oils (by Sir John Lavery) some vears ago.

t5 5s: His Grace the Archbishop ±3 33s Each: Rev Father Smith Aherns, Ltd

Indeed one must truly say that the need of practical faith in the home is greater now than it was even in the days of persecution and outlawry; if we want proof of this we have only to ook at the appalling falling off today, at an age when youth did not fall off before In the days of persecution youth was saved from much that might have perverted it; its home was indeed its castle Now it is not so, youth less often has its walls of defence, or its moat, separating it from j the outside.

Everywhere literature is offered to t, deliberately for its ruin, and how many for the simple reason that they are unprepared, have been vitiated by this poison Youth has to take its part with other youth; t must show that it hes a reason for the faith that is n it; how many have given up the battle, merely because they have lacked that certainty which depends on ife, and not on argument Or to take the more positive side, no one in the world has a grander opportunity for doing good to men than our Catholic youth to-day; yet how many there are who feel themselves utterly unequipped with the means to do it!

If they knew more, if they had learnt hetter how to manipulate the light that s theirs, so that it might shine on those who live in darkness and in the shadow of death, how much more good they might do! But the time has passed when they might have learnt; their fathers and mothers had not prepared them 1;

£2 2s Each Sisters of Mercy Atta dale; Rev A T. Langmead; Oblate Fathers Fremantle; Hoad Family; Mr O Fitzgerald£2 10s: Miller Family (windows) ±2: Mr Ouvrier

I 10s: Mrs Stack.

£1 Is Each: Rev Dr Sullivan, Re J Fahey, St Josephs Sisters, Rev rather O'Mahoney Mrs Smyth, John Walsh L F Canning-road; R P; M Quinlan Mr L, Galin; R Fordham Welsh's Ltd Mr and Mrs T Connolly ±I Each: Mr Colleran; Mr Edwards J B Sleeman; Mr T Murphy Mrs T Murphy; Friend, Attadale; J Cassidy; Mrs Cassidy; Mrs O'Sullivan; Mr Morrow Mr Shields Mrs Steffox; M bheehy l5s : E Sanders

10s 6d Each: Mrs Gallagher Mrs Luff, Mrs McMahon Os Each: Mrs Regan; P J Carey Mr B Hindle; Mr and Mrs Daly: Mrs Fenton, Mr Townson, Mrs Floyd; Miss Morrow; Mr C Grant, Miss E Cassidy: Mr A Ryan; Mr Tullev Miss Valli; J L, Canning-road: M; Jennings; M Corkhill; Miss McAdam; Mrs Anderson (Pt Walter-road) 7s 6d Each Miss Fitzgerald, Mrs Waddell, 5s E ch Mr Trembath; Mrs. Mil bourne; Mrs, T Taylor; Mrs, O'Flaherty Mrs Holmes; Mrs Muntain; Mrs Cotton; Mrs Mortimer, Mrs Griffiths Mrs Harrison; Mrs W Taylor; H Miguel Mrs Bidder: J Keogh, Mr. Sanderson Mrs Collins; M T Young ts.: Mrs. C Fahet

2s 6d Anon

2s. Each P W Leeson Mi Maning Mr Maxw I s. Each: Mrs Wittis, Mr Bid r V Cole M Hall; Friend Afternoon tea: £2 9s The committee wish to thank all donors

'aka»CUSkateCoal

bec (Canada) recently appointed a ducer It is to be oted t t the Theologicl Commision to examine the Cmmission is ot pronouncing n the charge that Social Credit is Socialistic necessity ot a discount "

The Commission, according to a "Catholic Herald' correspondent, found that

The proposition (of State control cf credit) does not seem socialistic or contrary to Catholic social doctrine"

The Fope (Pius XI) and St Thomas are quoted in support of this decision The case of Vatican City where money end credit are State-controlled is cited

"It does not sem that the idea of basing money and credit on production, on national material resources. is s« ialist:. in character. The basis of money s a matter purely technie:] and conventional

The principle of maintaining an tilibrium between production and consumption s reasonable as far as the dis«cunt the principle of which is admitted and even currently pract1·d in induwtry and trade s conerned, it is nc more than means of realising this equilibrium, t permits the cns:re o obtain goods he needs

Finally, says the correspondent the principle of the dividend n also be res mnciled with Catholic social doctrin besides it is comparable with the powr of subsidising which the State possesses the power of taxation, which the St: te pos in view f the common good, carrie ut further this theme and is nevertheless admitted both (dividend and discount) partake of the principl the dividend in the co-operative systers

Political Party

The Social Credit movement in Can ada is backed by a political party which is actually the Government Partv in Alberta Province

Th Cardinal Archbishop of Quebec C rdinal Villineuve has forbidden his clergy to attend the meetings of the Party, and says that the findings of the Commission do not imply approval cf Social Credit doctrine in the name of the Church the 'Catholic Herald" corre pondent adds St Gerard's Chapel, Palmyra DONATION LISTS.

The New Juniorate which was recently opened by the Benedictine Order at New Norcia A full report will appear in next

SOME REFLECTIONS

ON

THE

PRESENT WAR -Are We Fighting For Capitalism?

ASKS FATHER VINCENT McNABB, 'O P

Tl::, article will attemvt to answer two questions which are being asked not only by many outside the Church but also by a few inside the Church 1he first question is bluntly this: The Church is constantly condemning commumsm till we are almost sick ot it Why does the Church not begin to condemn Capitalism?"

1he second and more recent ques tion is this:- How can an English Catholic think the present war is just when, in tact, it is a war in defence ot capitalism?'

I venture to answer these questions the answers I shall give will not be the answers of an economist or a politician, but of a moral theologian

• need hardly be said that the praettoner of moral theology may sometimes have to give a judgment about an economic or a political matter without claiming to be an economist or a politician his s saying no more than that a doctor may have .o give his patient a medical opinion about his summer holidav without claiming to be a travel agent or a cobbler may hav to give to the War Office an opinion about soldiers' boots, without claiming to be a military strategist

Having laid down this indisputable but highly disputed) principle I will own that when first I heard the question: "Your Church condemns Communism-why does it not condemn Capitalism?"I felt a little puzzled I had an impression that it was what my masters of Logie called the Fallacy of the Question," well known to everyone who has been heckled in public debate at question-time When I am faced with this rhetoric masquerading as Logie I cheerfully answer my questioner with a similar fallacy, saying "Why were you drunk last Saturday?"

But again I own that whilst the condemnations of Communism are numerous and undeniable- indeed, in legal phraseology are notorious factsno one can point out amongst Papal Acts a single condemnation of CapitalIsm

Now silence means consent. If then there is a vast, impressive volume of condemnations of Communism and complete silence about Capitalism, it would seem that the Church not merely tolerates but "consents to" Capitalism This conviction is widespread. It s probably the greatest obstacle to the spread of th Church.

Perhaps one had to suffer the pangs of this uncertaintv in order to feel relief when the answer flashed across the mind

The complete answer is to be seen in the difference btween what is covered by the two wrds Communism and Capitalism

There is a political party which calls itself Communist

There is no political party which calls itself Capitalist

There is no condemnation of a formulated Capitalist cre:d because there Is no such creed; there is a formulated communist creed, and t is condemned

Hence the simp} reason why the Church has not ndemned the Capital ist Party is that there is no self-stvled Capitalist Party, as there s a self styled Communist Partv to condemn

But if by Capitalism we mean the concentration of we. Ith n th hand of a few with the consequent and grave

Injustice to the many, then Capitalism has been as strongly condemned by the Popes as Communism has been condemned This condemnation is a notorious fact which Communists cannot in justice ignore

Even as far back as the "Rerum Novarum?' (1891) we have such strident words of condemnation as these°

Some remedv must be found quickly for the miserv and wretchedness pressing so unjustly on the ma Jority of the working classes" again

On the one side there is the party which holds power because it holds wealth, which has in its grasp the whole of labour nd trade. which manipulates for its wn benefit and ts own purposs all the sources « Supply, and which is even represent ed n the councils of the State itself

"On the ther side there ' the needy and powerless multitude sick and sore in spirit

"A small umber of vrv rich men have been able to lay upon the teem

ng masses of th labouring per yoke little better than that of la ery tself"

These words of Papal condemnation are pungent enough to have been mistaken for extracts from Communist propaganda, Indeed in spite of their Papal authoritativeness these words have been called Communism by some who called themselves Catholics!

The 'small number of very rich men'' who have reduced the masses of the labouring poor to a state of practical slavery have been fortunately and perhaps advisedly anonymous

Had they been naive enough to have called themselves the Capitalist Party the Papal condemnation would have been no less pungent than it is now found to be

The second question deals, not with Capitalism as such, but with Capital ism in relation to the War of the mo ment

Intellectual blackouts must be singularly effective when we find some loyal and intelligent Englishmen saying that the war is a Holy crusade in defence of the rights of God and man whilst other equally loyal and intelligent Englishmen say it is a damnable War in defence of Capitalism and that f they had the choice they would fight on the side of Hitler

Again, let an answer be attempted bv one who is neither economist nor politician, but only a moralist, who tries to keep his brain functioning and his nerves steady by not reading the daily press I presume, because I have a right and duty to presume that England as England s now making extraordinary sacrifices under the conviction that this Jar is a war of remote vet undeniable self-defence. The people of these countries are all the more convinced of this when they consider the menace th t Germanv ow is, after her colossal defeat, and thev try to imagine what she would have been after a victory If Germanv's defeat in the Great War meant the loss of all her fleet they presume that England's defeat would h ve meant the loss of England's fleet, What else it would have meant in the minds of the victors we can barel imagine

Now in a just war of a nation's selfdefence ot evervone of the defenders acts with a just motive and not all the parties or persons in the defending ation are worthv to be defended Some soldiers mav be out for killing some mav be out for thieving Even an arm of Crusaders is not an army of saints An arm of Crusaders s a number of average menwith the aver age number of sints In other words, it is also an armv of sinners, engaged n a crusade So, too, not ·very party or person

in the nation defending tself is worthy of defence A nation is net a numer f hnest men, but a number of average men with the average number f scoundrels and thieves and murderers and venal politicians No one wuld say that f a nation with such [ an average of scoundrels goes to war, it is ging to wr in order to defend scoundrels Th oyal and intelligent Enghshmen whose hatred of Capitalism would ead them to defend Germanv can hardly escape the charge of self-con tradiction For if on England's side hi is a war in defence of Capitahsm because capitalists are strong in England on Germanv's side this should

be equally reckoned a Capitalist war e ause even Germanv has so man capitalists that Nazism has to control them bv almost inhuman force

The thing that is England, the thing that was the creation of Catholic cu ture, the thing that even now gives th C tholie Church almost unique ire dom of action, the thing whose love of Libertv is almost wholly the fruiting ur Catholic martyrs, is still something which the Catholics of this coun try think worthy of elf-defence If amongst those defended there are some or even manv who are not worthy of defence the days that follow victorv mav surely be expected to stem the menace of their selfishness

at

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West Perth ± SIXTEEN

Bunbury

It is almost 36 years ago since His Lordship the late Bishop M Gibney placed the foundation stone of the Church of St. Brigid, West Perth The building and furnishing of this church was one of the most cherished plans of the late revered and saintly Monsignor Burke With this object in view, ne laboured incessantly There are records extant whichtell ot only of his apostolic zeal for the House of God, but also of the great personal generosity he showed towards it No one will ever know fully all that Monsignor Burke did and gave, or how much he prayed and sacrificed to build the beautiful parish church of West Perth, dedicated to St Brigid, Patroness o! Ireland

Nevertheless, n spite of the best efforts of West Perth's first parish priest, he was unable for various reasons to complete his beloved church In fact, what might be termed the most important part of it was left unbuilt at least, according to the fine scale of the rest of the building Instead, a wood and plaster structure was made to do service until such times as the building of a solid and dignified sanctuary would be possible

Many changes have taken place since the passing of the good Monsignor However one thing hes not changed and that is the need of completing our church with a fitting and asting sanetuary The older people tell us of the powerful influence of Monsignor Burkes saintly character on the people amongst whom he wrought; he has set s who have followed him a great example and an inspiring motive as to vhy we shonld set about the building of a new sanctuary It should be a monument to his name and a token of our thanksgiving to God for his ife and abours

However powerful such a motive may be to aid us in our task, there is another even more pressing and that is the fact that n the plaster walls of the present sanctuary large threatening cracks have appeared These mural splits are warnings of something graver viz. th coming collapse of these valls Such a calamity could be raught with the gravest results, and to avoid this something has to be done n he not distant future

With these thoughts n mind the priests at St Brigid's are to launch a parish wide sale of bricks But more f the scheme ater' The dea will take extreme! well, because t is a practi al «ne and helping to realise it will not be ver difficult for anvone With good will, therefore, and strong confidence, we shall go ahead, resting not until we behold th completion of the beautiful church of St Brigid a worthy home for our Eucharistic Lord-

The Sacred Heart Sodalitv and the Children of Mary attended their Holy ommunion last Sunday in very good numbers, and in the evening at the Holy Hour the procession of the Bless: el Sacrament took place Annual Bazaar \ meeting of the parishioners is to be held at St. Joseph's Hall on Wednesday to make arrangements for the running of the annual bazaar, and very many of the ladies in the parish have promised to attend This year the competition between Bunbury and South Bunburv has been abandoned and the stalls will be named so that all may support each of them, and the ladies will work for whichever stall they please The usual art union will be run in conjunction with the bazaar Bunbury Convent Schools

This year improvements will have to e made to the playgrounds, by order of the Municipal Council A stone wall will e built the whole length of the school ground facing Wellingtonstreet, and the planting of grass will be necessary to prevent the sand eneroaching on the footpath. St Mary's School, South Bunbury, will zlso receive attention strong committee has been formed to beautify the grounds and to put a cyclone fence in front of the building The committee will improve the school itself, and bring it into line with the many pretty cottages recently built in Colombia-street Ornamental trees will be planted, and a good deal of leveling and some gravelling will have to e done round the school Sunday Masses

St, Patricks Church, 7 and 9.30 am

Geraldton Diocese

NEW GERALDTON PRIESTS

Six Australians Thomas Cook and Gregory Ross, of Mitland Lawrence Goodacre and John Moore, of Bathurst Henry Davis, of Sydney and Frcn is Spain, of Geraldton) were among the 35 priests from seventeen nations ordained on March 23 by Cardinal Fumasoni Boindi at the Pontifical College for the Propagation of the Faith F ther Spain, who is a ative of South Australia, has volunteered for service in the Diocese of Geraldton He has oen studvino in Rome for the past six rears and should be in Geraldton before the end of the year

Three others will be ordained in Ireland during June for service in this Diocese They are Re T Naughton and Rev M Flaherty, of AII Hallows ollege and Re M Moffatt of St Patrick's ollege Thurles

Wagin

GRAND HN.S RALLY, The general Communion and Breakfest held las Sunday will long be re° membered in Wagin The number of men present was nspiring, and all were delighted at having present the Diocesan Union of the Holy Name Soeiety and F ther Austin Kelly SJ Mr Le B Henderson (president of the Diocesan Union), Mr, Wells (vicepresident), Mr M Foley secretary), and Mr Morgan treasurer) arrived wth Father Kelly on Saturdav afternoon. On arrival they were entertained to afternoon tea bv Mr and Mrs F Cawley, and were able to meet the local executive of the Holy Name Society Father Kelly heard all the confessions on Saturday evening The 7 o'clock Mass was said by Father Kelly, and attended by the school children and women folk, main• The men attended the 8.30 Mass and from the time of the first Mass there was a steady stream of men going to confession, Father Kelly remained in the confessional all through the Mass for any late penitents arriving irom the outback The members of the HNS executives of Wagin, Dumbleyung, Katanning besides the Diocesan Union headed a congregtion of roughly 100 men The sermon was preached by Father Kelly, S J , who took as his topic the Gospel of the day (the Good Shepherd) and applied t in a beautiful and practical way to the deals of the Holy Name Societv The Breakfast At 9 30 the breakfast took place in the Wagin Town Hall Mr J Moran was n the chair, and some interesting speeches were heard, as well as a tasteful and substantial repast partaken of Mr V Keating (Dambleyung) gave the toast of The Hierarchy and Clergy," rhich he treated as the basis of civilised society the custodians of Christian doctrine and culture In reply, Father Kelly, SJ, said that, being neither in the ranks of the regular clergy nor in the hierarchy he could speak as it were in a more open-minded way Fether Kelly was impressed with the excllence of Mr Keating's speech, and gave an interesting survey of the part the Jesuit Fathers played throughout history in the safeguarding of Christian civilisation, especially dur ing the Reformation and he appealed to the men to do their part today in saving society from the subtle attack of hidden foes on the Christian life, especially of the children by means of press education, cinemas and modern conduct ''For AI Catholic Men."

The Hol Name Socitv was toasted by the parish priest who called it the pre-eminent society for Catholic men, It was the societv for all Catholic men, nothing in it to exclude anyone For one thing t was non-political This, of course, did not mean that all political questions are entirely divorced from religion To the question, what kind of government cught there be what party in power the Church remains silent Every man votes as he pleases; but to the question what duties has a government to its people, or wllat rights have a people under its government, what conditions are required for a just war, to this question religion ansvers These and similar moral questions, if they are called polities in a wide sense are religious questions too

In reply, Mr Foley dealt with the rapid progress of the H N.S in this diocese during the last three years, in 7hich time its progress surpassed that cf any other State It now has 47 branches and several thousand members, Mr F Cawley gave the toast of the Diocesan Union, and was supported by Mr S Dwyer In reply, Mr E Le B Henderson spoke of the good the society was doing and made a stirring appeal to ell to be zealous members to get rid of the common bashfulness of men n going to the altar rails, to support movements for Catholic youth, and to see that they voted for moral and Christian integrity at election time Mr E. Luscombe proposed the toast of the Visitors, and suggested that the

Thursday, April 11, 1940

Diocesan Union arrange retreats spe cially for country members,

In reply Mr Wells invited them t renew acquaintanceship whet:ever an happened to be in Perth

During the breakfast, Mr Ji Kemp, of Katenning, presided at the piano and there was some community singingAfter the breakfast the Diocesan Union held a meeting in the presbv tery, at which they met in qscuss1on the executives of the branches ; Wagin Dumbleyung and Katannins

The secretary of the Beverley bra], was also present

, Popular Child Competition

To help liquidate the debt incurred recently in painting and renovating the buildings comprising St Joseph's Convent, the Church Committee have de cided to commence a Popular Child Competition, To maintain interest in the competition, the parish has been divided into three sections Subiaco Wembley and West Leederville each having its populr child For the Subiaco section AMma Williams has een chosen, with Mrs. Wardrop at the head of the committee John Cranley will be the candidate for Wembley with Mrs Cranlev as leader whilst Joan Cheeson will stand for Wst Leederville with Mrs Jermy at the head of her and of workers The competition will continue till some time in August, when it will conclude with a two-deys' bazaar Already the various committees have met and it has been decided that on each Tuesda 'evenipg an entertainment will be conducted for one of the candidates in St. Joseph's Hall. On Tuesday April 23, the first function will take place in the Hall, in aid of the West Leeder ville candidate (Joan Cheeson) On the following Tuesday April 30 t will be Subiaco's turn, with Wembley on May 7 Also, on Monday, April 29. the Subiaco YoungMen's Club will conduct its first dance which will be in aid of the West Leederville candidate It is sincerely hoped that when this competition gets under way it will receive the fullest support of all parish-

On Monday evening, April 15, a special meeting of the club will take place in the meeting hall and all members both old and new, are urged to attend Important items to be discussed will be the formation of the proposed athletic club and the organising of the fortnightly dances roners

monthly meeting of the Subiaco Branch of the CWL will be held in St

Hall at 8 p.m on Wednesday April 17 A good attendance s expected, supper will be served 2s5 usual CW.L St Kevin's Tennis Club The club committee is finalising details in connection with the club's trip to Katanning scheduled for Labour Dav weekend (Mav 46) The fare will be 35s (including accommodatior), A deposit of 10s must be paid to hon secretary Mr R A Morris) on or before April 21 The outing s open to all members of the club be sides anv member of the W A.CLT.A, Those who intend going are urged to get in touch with committee immediately as seats are filling rapidlyWhile at Katanning we will arrange a tennis match against the home club, Further details re time of departure will be announced next week YOUNG MEN'S CLUB NOTES Special Meeting

Thursday, April 11, 1940

Mesdames ODea and Noonan wish to thank all those who helped to make the bridge party in aid of League funds such a success The prizes were won by Mrs McEneroe (highest score) and Mrs Hamer (hidden number) Camp Comforts Fund

Mrs Farrell, president of Nedlands Branch, is organising a bridge party in aid of the above fund. This will be held in Stirling Socia! Rooms at 2 pm, on Tuesday, April 23 Tables may be booked by ringing F3323

Our first meeting in the CWL Rooms in Sheffield House, was very well attended, being presided over by Miss Peggy Knox

As most of the members have recently been to Yanchep with other pienies, 1 was derided to change the destination for Sunday April 14, and Arauen was the place chosen There should be a good attendance at this picnic, as Araluen is now at its best, and we are sure will be appreciated by all.

It has been decided to hold a picture night on April 18 instead of our usual meeting A film will be chosen next Thursday, and as there s a good variety in town at present, we should be able to pick one satisfactory to all members Don't forget this night, girls, as we want to make it a success

The meeting after this will be held in the CWL Rooms and as these rooms are so central, we expect all the members to come along

HIGHGATE H.N.S.

The series of monthly lectures run by the branch in the Highgate Parish Hall will be recommenced next Tuesday night, I6th inst., at 815 pm Father Lalor will speak on the Holy Shroud, and illustrate his lecture with a film AMI Holy Name men are nvrted

"OLD IONIANS" ASSOCIATION

On Thursdav the OId Ionians' Association held its monthly luncheon at the Moana Cafe. The guest of honour was Miss Joyce Wood, th visiting tennis player who won the State Championship at the recently conduct ed tournament, and who, incidentally, s an ex-pupil of the Presentation Convent EIsternwick Victoria Miss Wood, looking very chie n a grey costume and a summer weight felt hat, with accessories to match was welcomed by the president (Miss Mollie Holmes), and presented with a bouquet on behalf of the Association, tied with the Association colours

Members of the Association present included: Mesdames E,Curtis, B Hag erty M Yelverton, D Glaskin, K {ing R Fenton; Misses Alice_ Brig}gs, Mollie Genelli, Cleo Doscas, Pat Leonard, Ina Metcalfe, Em Briggs, Eve Lawrence and Mary Leunig

St, Gertrude's Ex-Collegians°

At a well-attended dinner at the Carlton Club on Wednesdav the 3rd nst members of the St Gertrude's Ex-Collegians' Association discussed forthcoming activities It has been decided to hold a bridge euchre, and rummy evening at the Carlton Club on April 23 and members are urged to make a special effort to assure the success of this function The charge 1s 10s per table

There will also be a retreat at St Joseph's Convent South Perth, com mencing on Saturday, May 11, and ?ling the following Mondy morning ,Pupils of St Josephs Convent and rends of members are also invited to attend, and a good rall is hoped for and expected.

[embers will be :dvzed of the· halfearl meeting later

Third Order of St. Francis

The usual monthly meeting of the Third Order of St Francis was held at the Cathedral last Sunday afternoon In the unavoidable absence of the Prefeet, the business was conducted by Sr Momiea Ballard

Memorial to Late Rev Father Lynch

The stained glass window provided by the members of the society as a memorial to the late Rev Father Patrick Lynch, PDP, has now been completed and erected in the Church of Our Lady Queen of Martyrs at Maylands and arrangements have been made with Rev Father Dunne for the completion of the memorial to be marked by a religious celebration to be held at the Queen of Martyrs Church on Sunday 28th. inst. at 3.30 pm

There will be Rosary, an address by Father Dunne and Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament Everv member is esked to be present on this important occasion Visits to Branches

The District Board will make the following visits during the next tew weeks namely: Help of Christians' Branch, 23rd nst, Blessed Oliver Flunkett Branch, May 2; St Joachim's Branch, May 13· St Brigid's Branch, May 20 St Malachi's Branch, May 29

St Mary's Branch, Leederville

At the meeting held on 3rd inst which was presided over by the president, Sister Verna Hales, there was a very good attendance of members, and five new members were admitted. This year's drive" for new members is going fairly well, but we will have to accelerate if we are to obtain our quota of 40 by the end of June

In Bro Terry Whitely the society lcst its first juvenile member by death Terry was very popular with the members generally, and his passing in such tragic circumstances was felt very keenly by all, To his father, Bro Jim Whiteley, PNT, and Mrs. Whitely, the branch has expressed its sincere sympathy R.I.P. In preparation for the inter-branch competitions, a table tennis tourna ment in two divisions will be held after the meeting on Wednesdav next.

St. Joachim's Branch

Bro G Keogh presided at the meeting held on April 1, One new member was initiated We extend our sincere sympathy to Bro J and Sr M. Barron, in their sad bereavement

A number of our members attended the social evening at Help of Christians' Branch on March 26, and had a most enjoyable time After the meeting the first round of the card competitions was played. The next meeting is on April 15

S.H.H.S. Old Girls Association

cordial invitation is issued to all ex-pupils of the Sacred Heart High School to attend the annual re-union to be held at the Convent on Sunday afternoon, May 12 An entertaining programme has been drawn up by the energetic committee of the Old Girls' Association, including games, bridge, etc. A oneact play by the dramatic club will be a further feature of the function, It is to be hoped that many ex-scholars will take this opportunity of re-visiting their old school and assist in making the re-union the success it has been in previousyears

Councillors should note that a council meeting will take place after the gcneral meeting on the next first Sunday Thanks are extended to those who contributed towards the gilding of the chalice for the Soldiers' Welfare Mass Committee Rev Father Johnston gave a spiritual talk on the subject of the day, The Good Shepherd" and later professed several novices and received six postulants into the Order, after which Benediction was given and the meeting closed

CATHOLIC TENNIS

By "RON.'

Schools'

Tournament

The initial secondarv school tournament for girls) to be conducted by the WACLTA, will commence this week-end, April 13 and 14. An excelent response of 160 entries have been received for the tournament, which will comprise singles and doubles events n open, under 15 and under 12, sections. On Saturday the open and under 12 events will be played at the Sacred Heart Convent Highgate and the under 15 events at Loreto Convent Swanbourne At Highgate, on Sunday, the under l5 events will be continued, with the open and under I2 matches at Loreto, Swanbourne. Matches will commence on Saturdav at 930 am aud on Sunday at Il a.m It s anticipated that the tournamentwill be continued on the following weekend, with the finals on Sunday April 21

Shield Competitions

The inter-club shield matches will commence on Saturday and Sunday, April 20 and 21, with matches n the womens l and D sections, and the men's A and C grades On the follow ing week-end (April 27 and 28) the women's B and C grades and the men's B and D grade matches will take place This year the women's matches will be played on two courts, and each team must be in readiness to play the doubles first; therefore team captains must see that all players are present before the commencement of play Teams for the first round of matches must be n the hands of the committee by 5 pm on Monday, April 5 Clubs who have not as yet paid affiliation and capitation fees must remit same to committee before the will be eligible to compete in shield matches, Maytime Dance

Due to the monthlv council meeting being held on May 17 the dance to be conducted by the social committee on that date will now be transferred to May 10 This entertainment will be held at Mrs O'Connell's Stirling Social Rooms and the price of admission will be 1/9 (inc tax)

Humbug flourishes in Australia, comments the "Catholic Press' in a recent issue The Commonwealth Government began the war by solemnly protesting that profiteers would not be permitted to loot the people by raising prices, especially of foodstuffs To show how sincere they were the Federal authorities appointed a battalion of Boards, providing jobs for scores ot party hangers-on The sequel showed that every new Board marked a rise in price

The oil companies flourished on th plea of saving petrol But the Com monwealth did not take the extra pre fits Mr Cerutti, a former AuditorGeneral, asserts that the oil companies have chiselled the Income Tax Departmens out of over £3 000 000 Butter exporters would claim a rise but they fear competition from margarine Alreadv half our butter is dumped in England at much less than the shop prices in Sydney

The latest move is to increase the price of milk Gold passes quiver on the breasts of UAP orators when they shout the slogan, Drink More Milk " but milk is becoming a luxury to the poor Let this be clear We believe that farmers are not getting enough for their milk. But the Board that controls prices, and adopts Hitlerite tactics towards the men who have to feed and milk the cows and pay taxes on their properties contains men whose ekperience was earned as employees of the distributing compan ies, which monopolise the trade

There is something wrong when a consumer of milk has to pay2/8 for a gallon, for vhich the farmer gets less than a shilling

The man who does all the work of producing draws less than the company that merely lifts the milk from the train "standardises' 'it and then delivers it to the people But we are not optimistic The monopoly supersedes the democracy It possesses what Fremier Mair calls the 'team spirit"

Tuesday, May 6:

First monthly lecture meeting Very Rev A Kelly, SJ, will ecture on "Four Centuries of the Jesuit Fathers' Tuesday, June 4: Very Rev Father John Fahey, DS0 will lecture on "Social and Economiec Problems.' Tuesday, July 2: Mr Paul Brennan BAA , will lecture on Soviet Activities During the Past Seven Years"

Tuesday, August 6:

Mr Frank Walsh, K.C, will lecture on The Arbitration Court"

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Why Make

Retreat?

By REV W G SMITH S]

I 1 1� quirt: a common thing nuw fur a person to hear that one of his friends has just made a retreat Perhaps the thought strikes him that old so-and-so'' is getting jolly pious all of a sudden, and he wonders why teen perhaps he forgets all about the m:tter But it is also possible that his interest is caught a little more strongly, and he asks Why make a Re treat?' The answer to this question seems to be little known by many peoDee, and the man with the desire for knowledge may often have to draw on his own unaided resources in order to get at the solution But if he is left to do this there s some danger that is interest will begin to cool rather rapidly So it would be worth while to give some of the reasons why an enclosed Retreat is such a valuable thing

There is a strange and wonderful Possession that all men have, although some do not know that they have it, and others do not want to think that they have it It makes us different from the animals It is an immortal oul created by God to enjoy eternal happiness after a very short time of probation in this world It is one cf our main obs on earth to save that soul matter of tremendous mportnce Now think about the world we ive in, the people with whom we are forced to associate Is it the sort of world in which the saving of souls is made as easy as catching a cold, something that can be accomplished with out the slightest trouble? Do all the pleasures, preetices, habits, customs,

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6,CO0 MEN ATTEND THREELAY RETREAT IN BRAZI LIAN CITY

St Paolo, Brazil

Three years ago an annual three-day closed retreat for men was instituted in St Paolo Twenty young men took part This year 6,000 men came from different parts of the country The railways cut their fars by 75 per cent, the Government lent the Immigratin Building for the retreat, end Cathclic colleges in the city ecccmcdated 2,00 of the men

books papers and the multitude of things with which the world is filled. of their own accord, work together to bring about the salvation of our souls? And what about people? Are saints as common as birds? Do we never meet people with ow ideals with morals that make us feel ll? Are they all anxious about the state of their souls? Are not some of them so blissfully unconscious of the mere fact that they have souls that vou feel like weeping for them? Not so long ago two men were overheard talking in a railway carriage One was telling the other about his father's death "Yes Bill'' he said "he died in his sleep "You don't say,'' said Bill Ah, well, it was a good end. I'I! tell o what he did, Erb, e just conked ut that's what he did. That's the vay Id ike to go, too The old man 'just conked out!" No time to speak to God, to make an aet of contrition if he- was n eed of it o time to get rid of his sins, and when Bill's turn comes he wants to go out the same way! And Bill is not the onlv ne But all this has not got much to do with making a retreat! But it has Listen It is practically impossible to ve our daily live in contact with modern conditions and not be tainted to some extent bv the falsehoods of those conditions y their wrong standards their disregard of God their at titude ,"go-; s-youplease'' and "don'tlet's-worry'" A retreat is just the antidote that our sorelv tried souls de mand. It is a spiritual refitting a time of peace and quiet n which we an re-orient our lives and gather our orces to resist the attack that will 1 ways batter at our defences while man ts man and Satan the lord of hell In retreat we cart get down to bedrock and recall the much forgotten fact th?t we are God's creatures He made us from the slime of the earth, nd with our mortal bodies He gave us ar immortal souls. As our Creator He has absolute dominion over us It is in the ight of this truth that we must look for our aim in life, must ook past money fame power and all those tr?nsient gods of the spiritually blind, ook on ahead to that fair land in which Our Lord has prepared for us manv mansions where we shall ive through all eternitv in possession of the Beatific Vision of God

But that glorious eternal life is to come; the probation must first be completed In time of retreat we can study the ife of Christ, stud the wav He faced the situations wherein we find difficulty; we can draw nearer to Him, ccme to know Him more and love Him more; we can see all He has done for us, all He has given us; we can compare our labour and weariness with His; we can weigh our sufferings with His. All this and more we can do in the silent hours of retreat, and if we put our hearts into the work and are generous with God we shall return to our daily ives with faith deepened and steadfast, with a high resolve to live a fully Catholic life, and with clearer knowledge of the way to carry out our resolve

These then are some of the reasons that make a retreat a valuable thing, end they are those that have made the Popes recommend so earnestly the

Sacred Heart Primary School

SWIMMING CARNIVAL

Sacred Heart Primary chool, Highgate closed their swimming season on triday afternoon, April 5 with a suecessful carnival held at Crawley Baths

The champion swimmer for the open events was Eileen Neaves, who tilled four first places and one second out of seven open events, and the runner-up was Evelyn Pasaris, who gained two firsts and two seconds

The 14 years and under champion was Kathleen Pasaris, who gained two firsts and two seconds, with Margery Brown as runnerup with two firsts and one second

For the I2 years and under Dothery Hanning was champion with two firsts and Marie Catchpol second with one first and one second

The winner of the title for 0 years and under was Roma Riley Roma gained two firsts, and Joan Dillon was runner-up with one first and one second

The champion boy for th la was Bryan Hegarty, with Ken (ampbell runner-up. Results 20 Yards Freestyle I0 years and under boys): Bryan Hegarty, I, Ken Campbell, 2 30 Yards Wading Race Bryan Hegarty I Ken Qmpbell, 2 20 Yards Freestyle I0 vears and under 'girls) Roma Riley I, Margaret Ryan, 2. 25 Yards Freestyle, 12 years and under girls): Dothery Hanning I Marie Catchpole 2. 30 Yards Freestyle, 14 years and under girls) Kathleen as ris, I, Joyce Hullet, 2 5 Yards Open (girl) Eileen Neaves, I Evelyn Pasaris 2 Floating on Face, 10 years and under: Joan Dillon t Margaret Mohr, 2 Floating on Back, I0 vears and under: Florence Brophy I Joy Rich rdson, 2 Floating on Face, 12 7nd under Dothery Hanning, I, Eieen Vet ler, 2 Floating on Back, 12 years and under: Marie Catchpole, I Alma Darcy 2 Floating on Face, I4 and under Jove Hullet I Kathleen Pasaris, 2 Floating on Back 14 years and under M rgery Brown I Kathlesn Pasaris, 2 Floating on Face, Open: Eileen Neaves, I; Elyn Pasaris, 2 Floating Back, Open Margery Brown, I· Eve!n Pasaris, 2 Diving, 14 years and under Kathleen Psaris, I; Margery Brown 9 Open Dive: Eileen Neaves, 1 Joye Hullet 2 30 Yards Breaststroke. Open: Evelyn Pasaris, 1 Katheen Pasaris 2 30 Yards Backstroke, Open Eileen Neaves, 1: Nor a Connel, 2 Life Saving: Evelyn Pasaris and Pat Fogarty, 1, Eileen Neaves and Joyce Hullet, 2

PIANO TUNING G E Dines, 16 Duncan Street, Victoria Park. spreading of the retreat movement throughout the Catholic world Retreats have often changed sinners to saints and brought heretics into the Church, but undoubtedly their greatest work is to strengthen and inspire with Christ-like ideals the great mass of good Catholics Priests, Religious, and Laymen If we consider the idea of saving our souls to be something more than a pious fancy, then a retreat will become more to us than a mere spiritual uxury It will help us to become etter Catholics, to live nearer to Christ to join with Him in spreading His Kingdom in this world, to realise more fully our glorious destiny as Sons of God and heirs to the Kingdom of Heaven

JOSEPH

EDWARDS F B A S SECRETARY land, Estate and General Commission Agent Agent for Absentees and Investors Mortgages Arranged, Rents and Interest Collected, Secretarial Work Undertaken MISS MARY EDWARDS For Typing and Duplicating West Australian Chambers, (First Floor) St George's Terrace t to Palace Hotel) Tel.: B7804

April 11, 1940

STALIN'S HAND IN CHINA

The Mother House of the Society of the Divine Word in Rome has received communication from the Netherlands consulate in Shanghai to the effect that the Netherlands Consulate in Cal utta had received disquieting ews about the arrest in Chinese Turkestan oi a number of Catholic priests, inelud ing two Dutch subjects Fathers Moter and van Oirschot Though not ex plieitly mentioned by name in the t ter the latter s presumed here from attendant circumstances to be one of the two Dutch priests involved

The report received t Calcutta that at Urumchi (Tihwa), capital of the Chinese province of Sinkiang, there were three Catholic priests all belong ng to the Steyl Mission. Fathers Loy SVD a German, Moter, a Netherlands subject, and Hilbrenner, SVD., a German, The mis ion house has a arden adjoining a military aviation red, where a few hinese Christian families were living Th cal authorities demanded the evacuation of this garden with a view to extending the anding field. The missionaries replied that they would have to seek the permission of their procure, for which thev obtained one week's time, after which period Father Motr and Hilbrenner were sumomned t the lcal government office. The failed to return from this visit, and nothing further was heard of them. Father Loy was detained multareously t the mission house under zurd. Two days afterwards he was taken away to an unknown destinatin, ereupon the house was search

At Ili (Kuldi. e two ther missionaries of living at a dis mile each other Fa a German and a Netherle whose nan the informant :n, but who presumably is n Oirschot above mentioner eted bout the ·am n for this action bei pos session of a r:di rth r was heard of t

The Calcutta C the alleged arrest : a natural consequun gious campaign arr:·d Turkestan t the inti ·tion f the So viet Government., F r ior considerable time mission wrk has been prac tically mpossible all those who had anv connection with th misionaries were intercepted, During the lat two vears they did not receive single letter nor a single remittance of money According to the informant, the mis sonaries in question are undoubtedly in danger of losing their lives, if they have not already been done to death The Royal Netherlands Legation at Peiping has been duly nformed and the information has also been passed on to the German Embassv in China

SINKIANG AND ITS PEOPLE

One of the largest and most contest ed Provinces of the 'hinese Republie Sinkiang covers an area of about 550,000 square miles. On the South it borders on India and Tibet, in the west on Afghanistan and the USS.R in the North and North-west also n Ru sia, and in the East and North-east on Mongolia and Kansu province. The population variously rated at from two I to five million, is commonly accepted at about three millions Mohammedans, Tarks and Tungns make up 85 per cent of the population, the rest being mainly Buddhists Mongols and Chinese, with a sprinkling of Christians, mostly Whit Russians Though half of the country is desert, it has abundant natural resources and pro duces cereals fruis and cotton with the aid of ts famous subterranean water supply, In the days of the Czars the Russians turned covetous eyes on this neighbouring Prvince. In 1924, only six vears after the Russian Revolution, the "non-imperialistic' Soviets had already penetrated Sin kiang to such an extent that the Chin ese Governor, Yang Tseng-hsin had to exert his nfluence to prevent the Russ1an Agent from erecting a statue to Lenin in Urumchi and turning the Rus san Orthodox Church there int« a the atre

PRIESTS ARRESTED IN SINKIANG

• THE STRUGGLE FOR POSSESSION OF SINKIANG

After the assassination of this farseeing official the Chinese administration made the mistake of abolishing the old-established special rights of the Turks and Mongols, the result was an uprising of Turks and Tungans lasting our vears, 1931-1935 Hostilities conducted with varying success were characterised always by great cruelty The eventual victorv of the Chinese is to be ascribed to the fact that their opponents were disunited and their Generals unrelit ble. It was also largelv due to far-reaching Soviet military assistance including men, cannons, machine-guns, armoured cars and aeroplanes. Sin kiang paid dearly for this help As long ago as 1935 Turkish subject of Chin complained in a Nanking periwdical, 'Tienshan" The Bolsheviks have occupied ur fatherland, have turned our Mosques into ommunist meeting-places and entrenched their agents in all official positions " About the same time another paper declared Old Sinkiang is no more The Sov ietisation f Aa is proceeding. First Outer Mongolia now Sinkiang and ventually Tibet als will me under the Red flag with th hammer and ickle The Koran and Buddhism will succumb to the ( mmunist ligarch "

• BOLSHEVISM

MASTER OF CHIN ESE TURKESTAN

To-day Sinkiang has at its head th influential Sheng Shih-ts'ai. Born in Manchuria, he received his education in China and Japan. Filled with soalistic-communist ideas, he gained confidence o! the Soviet agents in Urumchi by ·ntering into their plans Though still Chinese in name, Sinkiang is now e mnomically, politicly and culturally a domain of the Soviets, who use it as a starting-point for the dissemination of their views in the Far East. Naturally their pet aversion is religion of every kind. With devilsh acumen they set to work. Young people ar sent gratis to Tashkent, there to be educated in Soviet ideology Chinese and other officials who 1 ot readilv lend themselves to their schemes ar killed or sent elsewhere and Communists put in thir place Russian agents and officials play a major role. In the schools religion is derided before children Officials who attend places of worship are deprived of their posts Soon little will rem in of Islam and Buddhism

•

ERADICATION OF CHRISTIANITY.

The Swedish Protestant Mission was the first to feel the fist of the Soviet, The pretext for the persecution was the fact that its printing press had published a periodical during an earlier period when the Turks were victorious The Catholic missionaries of the Society of th Divine Word had been at great pains to avoid the least suspicion of mingling in politics knowing that they were being constantly watched. Their whole energy was aimed at preserving and ncreasing the small flock of Chris tians that thev had inherited from the Scheut missionaries, from whom they took over in 1922 These Christians were chiefly the descendants of thris tians banished to Sinkiang during ear lier persecutions under Chine Em perors

ISOLATION.

Until it be ·me an independent Mis sion in 1930, Sinkiang was included with the Province of Kansu in one of the largest ecclesiastical circumscrip tions of the world The few mi on aries who in those times made their way to Urumchi required for the jour nev a minimum of eventy days by wagon News from these pioneers became rarer and rarer During the last two vears, the outside world he rd a! most nothing To.day we know the reason for this It was Bolshe pol icv to isolate the missionaries and cut them ff from the rest of the world Not onlv could thev not write any let ters thev were also prevented from receiving them Their every move ment was watched, al th move

ments of those who went near them Finally the missionaries were kept from vs1ting one another Thev were so completely cut off that they were stit unaware that the Sinkiang Mission had been raised to the status of a Prefecture mn 1938 Theirs was the bit erest lot that can come to the missionarv, not to be allowed to exercise their apostolic vocation, to work for conver sion The final act ot their tragedy is now the report received from the Netherlands Consul General The one ray of consolation in this d. rk story is the fct that two other Sinkiang colleagues of these missionaries managed I after indescribable difficult.·s t escape a similar fate and t make their way out through Indi At he b r der the Soviets took all they had and for the fourteenth time examined them I n to the skin They ven cut pen their shoes before thev fin lly et them

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AQUINAS UNDEFEATED

Great Feat by College Captain

The first round of the Public Schools' competition for the Darlot Cup has been completed, and Aquinas has won its three games in convincing fashion

Playing against Guildford the College XI won by Tl runs on the first nnings Guildford batted first and was dismissed for 154 (Stokes 48 Wicket-getters for Aquinas were Edwards, 5 for 36, Alderman, 4 for 34, and Dease l for 45 Aquinas replied with 225 (Edwards 114, Burke 43, Prendiville 27 Alderman 15, and H Rigg 10), while the most successful bowlers for Guildford were Dale, 3 for 37; McKen° zie, 2 for 30; Walts 1 tor 16; Letchford I for 20, Watermon, I for 14; Gibbings, 1 for 1

Allan Edwards captain of the team made his third successive century an unprecedented performance in Darlot Cup matches He has now made 1,594 runs for his College, and taken 87 wickets a very fine all-round performance. His aggregate of runs s a record, but two players have taken over 100 wiekets in these games With three matches togo n the second round Edwards has a reasonably good chance of reaching his century in wickets taken Congratulations for the team, the captain, and the coach

Golf

The golf season opened on Saturday, under excellent conditions and n all nks many members were in action

The president of the Association (Dr D S McKenzie) presented trophies and pennants won during last season At Cottesloe, which club was presented with the "A"shield and pennant, scoring was very good, three pairs tieing with five up. They were C R Bunning and L Kessel, W Unmack and R H Rockett, G B Hood and F G Nash

The Australian Golf Union has deeided to abandon the National Open and Amateur Championships, a deci sion that has not met with the approval of a big majority of the golfers of the East. However, the professionals will carry on, and will arrange an ustralian Championship, which will probably take place in September at Canberra

STRANGE, BUT TRUE. Here is a most unusual stroke recorded Playing at Crawford Park Indiana U.S A), a Mrs Blackford, with an approach shot, put her ball in a bird's nest She climbed the tree containing the nest, took a stance among the branches, and played a pitch-shot on to the green, holing out n one putt and halving the hole

One of the most remarkable shots was that played by Aubrey Boomer at St Anne's, England, in 1923 Playing his eighth shot, he hit the ball high in the air, The ball disappeared and not one of the large gallery followed its flight An unsuccessful search was made, and just as it was about to be abandoned Boomer found the hall n the right hand pocket of his jacket into which it had fallen Apparently on trying to put "cut" on the ball he skied it perpendicularly He penalised himself a stroke, on the ground that he had touched the ball, a penalty confirmed subsequently by a committee which sat to consider the incident It remains to an Australian player to have lost a ball in an even more unusual fashion. Playing at Geelong a Captain Charteris, topped his tee shot at the second hole, and found the ball on the clay bank of a creek. He played the next shot with a niblick but the ball was nowhere to be seen after he had made his stroke Subsequently it was found in a lump of clay stuck on the face of the club The right procedure was the subject of some argument, but Charteris eventually cleaned the bell and dropped t without penalty, an action which was eventually approved by the Royal and Ancient Club

it Andrew's owes it position of preeminence in the golfing world to its interesting associations and the influen tial and widely representative character of ts membership The first min utes of the club show that on Mav 14 1754, twenty-two noblemen and gentlemen, being admirers of the ancient and healthful exercise of golf,' met and drafted certain articles and laws on playing the golf These men included the Earl oi Elgin, Wemyss, of Wemyss Hall, Oswald of Denniker, and James Cheape They mde only thirteen laws, which resemble those n use to day

There was no actual government in gof until 1897 In that year the clubs governing the championship in Great Britain appealed to the Royal and Ancient Club to appoint a committee to deal with the rules and customs of golf and the Rules of Golf Committee has been the governing body of golf ever since

The Head of the River

One of the best sporting events of the vear is the annual "Head of the River,' for the "Headmasters' Cup, and competed for by the four Associated Publie Schools

This vear the event is down for the morning of Monday, May 6 For weeks past the various crews have been undergoing a strenuous preparation, and coaches have been given furiously to think as to which is the best seating for his eight selected ones The crews have now been announced and Mr C J Wroblewski, hon, coach of Aquinas has announced his eight as: H. S Donaldson (stroke) R O'Hanlon B Ferris B. O'Brien F McGrath P J Bonomi, R Prendiville, and Johnston (bow), The average weight of the crew is 1lst

At atest the coach was very pleased with the progress that the crew was making. In the "Head of the River" the crew, or coach, needs to have luck on his side. Weeks of valuable work on the river are greatly discounted when sickness or accident strikes one of the crew, and that is why the coach of a "Head of the River" crew has the most exacting and nerve-trying of all school coaches

Last vear's race was won after one of the very best races of all time by Hale, with Scotch and Aquinas very close up It's sure to be another fine race and quimas has many supporters among rowing men who year after year follow very closely the training of the youthful oarsmen

The first Public School boat race of Western Australia was rowed on the Swan on Saturday, June 28, 1899, the starting point being the "Bent Tree an old land mark.

The race was the outcome of conferences between the Headmasters, Rev Brother M P Nunan (Christian Brothers' College), Mr J Stevenson (Hale School) and Mr A Mcclenaghan (St Peter's College Fremantle)

'The Eights' as the "Head of the River" events was introduced n 1938. Aguinas leads in "Head of the River wins with 16, followed by Scotch (14), Hale (8), and Guildford (3)

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The widespread support ica The main event f the evening

being given to the special meeting to was etween Young Griffo and Tom be held in aid of patriotic funds on Tracey This was one occasion when April 20 and conducted by the WW : Griffo was absolutely forced to keep T ��, 1ndicates that thefixture will be U. the Si thi straight and train properly one of the best held in te itate 1S a apart from the carnival meetings le pbjcation ot the pro gramme a number of owners have eX pressed their intention of givingliberal entries, and it will not be surprising ii divisions in some of the races are neeessary

The meeting on Saturday will be at tanning Park. Below is the programme with an early tbefore the eights both-ways" tip

Maiden: Yedrion

Maiden Juvenile Dainty Lace

Canning Handicap Madame Allan Maddi gton Plate: Samoan Clipper Maddington Purse· Earlock. Felter Mathos

See "The Hawk's" Selections for Racing and Trotting elsewhere in this issue

Trotting

There will be a seven event Dr gramme at Gloucester Park o saturday Racing will open with the Trotters' Handicap, I miles, for horses 2.30 and better Noondah and Guy's Gift are on scratch while the backmarker is Golden Eagle 216 yards behind There are three races each Ii miles, for the 221 ·lass and three fr the 216 class

Tennis

OUTSTANDING SUCCESSES OF SACRED HEART HIGH SCHOOL

The Annual Shools' Tournament conducted bv the W.A, Lawn Tennis Association was completed on Saturday, and the outstanding feature was the remarkable success f the Sacred Heart High School, whose pupils car ried all before them. A glance at the results given below will show how complete was the domination of the Highgate pupils

Girls' Section

Open Singles Championship Final: E Wood SH.HS) beat R Ryan SHHS), 1-6, 6-4, 6-0

Open Doubles Championship Final° E Wood and M Grav (SHHS) beat TV Brown and I Steel (P MS ) 36 6-1 62

Under 16 Singles Championship Final R Ran SHH.S) beat E Vood SH HS), 6-4, 26, 64

Under 14 Singles Championship Final: V Earle (SHHS.) beat M Grace P MS 6-1 6-0

Under 15 Doubles Ch. mpionship.Final: R Rvan and V Earle (SHHS, beat E Carr and B Evans (S H1$)., 62 6-1

Wesley College took the honours in the boys section The best for Aquinas were W Alderman and J T Flynn who were runners-up in the Doubles

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The crowd, not knowing of the accident and quickly suspecting that it was one of Griffo's usual performances became impatient and was in ugly mood when the fighter arrived, an hour late consequently the cleverest boxer who ever drew on a glove was in perfeet conditionfor once On the night of the fight he was making for the Stadium n a two-horse carriage when he met with a serious ccident A heavv cable car hit the carriage with full force, scattering the trainers, seconds and principal all over the street One of the seconds was very seriously injured, but Griffo came out of it very lightly Of course he was greatly upset and distressed at seeing his companion bdly njured

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Thev arrived late at the Stadium

Griffo tried to explain to the promoter but being upset, he mumbled the story causing the listener to sus pect the worst and fully sharing the opinion of the crowd

Finally Tr:cey entered the ring and again there was a wait of fifteen min utes, during which there was a heated argument between Griffo and the promoter, because the former insisted on making a speech and telling the crowd what had happened

Finally, in order to get him into the ring, the promoter agreed to Griffo's speech-making but when he entered the ring he tried to stop Griffo from speaking Thus thwarted, Griffo threatened to leave the ring, but the promoter was a determined character and ordered Griffo out of the ring and instructed the referee to declare Trace the winner without even a glove being put on or a blow struck

The referee contended that once Griffo was in the ring, he was, to use a racing xpression, 'in the hands of the starter,'and therefore he was perfectly right n giving the decision agamnst Griffo

A quick canvass was made of the fighters present, and Paddy Smith, brother of the more famous Denver Ed smith, was substituted for Griffo

F andemomum broke out The rowd hooted and yelled, but the gloves were pulled on The fighters came out of their corners, were instructed by the referee, the time bell was rung, and the tight was on

Sad to tell, Paddy Smith was no match for Tracev, who knocked him out in one round That's why the record books show Tracey's record as winning two fights in one night, one over Griffo, the other over Paddy Smith

A young married couple who lived near a famous golf course, were entertaining an elderly aunt from the countrv

Well Aunt Marv how did vou spend this afternoon?" asked the hostess on the first dav Oh I enjoyed myself very much!" was the reply "I went for a walk across the moors, There seemed a great many people about and some of them shouted at me in a most eccentrie manner, but I just took no notice"

And, by the way,"she went on, "I found such a number of curious little round white things I brought them home to ask you what they were" And the old lady produced from her handbag about a dozen golf balls!

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Scots Bishop Asks do we Deserve Peace

Dumfries

Let us ask ourselves if we deserve peace Have we not abused peace' Have we not in the forgetfulness of God of death, of judgment neglected His service, broken His laws given ourselves to amusement, often sinful, devoted ourselves solely to the affairs of this passing life and left unheeded the life to come?"

This passage is contained in a pastoral letter issued by Bishop Mellon, Coadjutor of Galloway 'The world upheavals," continues His Lordship, "caused by the unbridled passions of ungodly men bringing torrents of tears and unspeakable sorrow to the innocent have a deep and sometimes a disturbing influence on men's minds. They seem to f el that their old beliefs are dragging their moorings Christ alone gives us sure anchorage, for in Him we see the darkness of the Cross, illumined by the Light of His glory His Cross is our Cross His glory is our hope If we suffer we shall also reign with Him

Referring to those who would seek to dethrone Christ Bishop Mellon says, If these blasphemers could say, and show us, that, by rejecting Christ all suffering would immediately disappear from the earth-no more sin, no more poverty, no sickness no deathit might be a tempting argument But, as a matter of fact, does the denial of Christ bring about such a change? Far from it

"We pray for the world We pray for hrists Church on earth We pray n particular for our own coun-

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trv which we ove so much. We beg God to bless it Let us pray for our soldiers, our sailors, our airmen, who keep constant watch to ward from us all harm Mav their united and co-ordinated re:cution defeat evil and bring us Christ's pe ee'

THE HUMBLE PETITIONER

Example of the Sacred Heart Behold,' said Our Lord, the Heart that has so loved men that it has spared nothing, even to being exhausted and consumed, in order to manifest its love In return I receive from the great number only ingratitude, through their irreverence and sacrilege and the coldness and contempt they have for Me n this Sacrament of My Love"

Collective Prevention of War

L.\\\'

in all its various forms is an expression of the collective re sponsibility of the communitv for the protection of its members and tor the promotion of their mutual welfare Resort to violence by an indivi dual citizen is forbidden whatever the merits of the claim Should such vio lence occur, the whole community n dertakes through its agencies of jne tice to protect the victim of the attack In consequence of this collective re sponsibility of the community for the maintenance of law it is possible to re quire that the individual citizen go about unarmed, trusting to the protee tion offered him by the communitv But the protection of the ndividual is at the same time accompanied by the collective responsibility af the community to remove as far as possible the causes of individual conflict by the promotion of the common welfare of the whole community

It is one of the fundamental doctrines of Catholic morality that the sams principles of moral conduct which are obligatory upon individual citizens are obligatory upon the nation itself as a corporate body Unless the nations of the world can be brought to give up the right to be the judges in their own case and to accept arbitra ion as a method of settling disputes; unless the nations can establish a system of co-operative defence to replace the resort to self-help and the maintenance of individual competitive armaments, unless the nations can be led to remove the causes of war by promoting their common interests as against their selfish individual interests, there is no hope for permanent peace in the world

mIf necessary we make to order

Femiliar and affectionate were these words Cur Lord addressed to the compassionate soul of Margaret Mary In their tone there is a hurt regret for the callous indifference the world displays for the deepest, finest love it has ever known Ii the Saviour maintained only an inexorable justice He might, with fearful sanctions, demand the world's obedience, Instead, He has stooped to the role of petitioner Hum° bly He pleads for the love which is His sacred right

"HEISRISEN"

WHAT WITNESSES ATTEST

St Augustine said rightly: No doctrine of Christian faith is so venementy and obstinately opposed s the resurrection of the flesh." And, of course the first object of attack has been the Resurrection ot the Lord From the Jews who accused His disciples of stealing His Body, to the latest modernistic theorist, there has been an unbroken succession of denial against the affirmation of the Gospel"Destroy this temple," said Our Lord, and in three days I will raise it up.' The stone rolled before the tomb the seal of the empire the guard placed before the rock, were powerless o confine the Risen Lord within the sepulchre provided Mary, the mother of James, Salome and Mary Magdalene round the stone rolled away and were admonished that He had risen as He said

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The fact of the Resurrection is attested by more than 500 eye-witnesses, whose candour and uprightness render ridiculous the suggestion that they were either deceived or deceiving They had nothing to gain by inventing the fable, everything to lose Their subsequent dedicated lives of Apostolic fervour and sacrifice is proof if further proof is needed, that they were interiorly convinced of the reality they had een

The Synagogue was silent, Their answer to the Resurrection was the bribery of the guards and an access of new persecution, surely a strange rebuttal since they could have silenced an invention by publishing the truth, It is a fact of history of the first authenticity, that the Second Person of the Blessed Trinity, infamously slain on Calvary, kept His promise, raising up the temple men had destroyed His Resurrection is the guarantee of our own Remembering the miracle of miracles, the Christian knows that he will not taste death forever Therefore, since the hopes of all humanity hang on this issue Our Saviour surrounded this central fact of history with evidence which makes this truth accessible to all who, candidly and earnestly, are seeking the truth

It is a question of law against anarchy, of mutual co-operation or mutual extermination For war has become so deadly that it can no longer be isolated as in former times The agencies of destruction, like modern Frankensteins are rapidly getting beyond the control of their nventors We must destroy war, or war will destroy us Constructive measures are needed, and they can only be taken n common with other nations

SUDDEN DEATH

Call a Priest

In view of medical opinion, Catholic theologians conclude that Absolution and anointing (also Baptism when dubious) are safely given to one apparently dead for a period of from one to three hours after the ast respiration" writes Rev W J Randall Spiritual Director of the Cardiff Catholie Evidence Guild

This information is of great importance to Catholics who may be individually faced with the problems of calling a priest for a friend who has died suddenly It is all too generally sup posed that death takes place with the last heart-beat or the last respiration, but this does not coincide with med! cal opinion

A distinction must be drawn, however between sudden death and death after a lingering illness In sudden death life may be presumed to exist up to three hours after the last resp1ra° tion; after a long illness one hour

Father Randall concludes his article with the statement that, "A serious obligation urges relatives, medicala' tendants midwives nurses and faii8 these all other persons present, to sen for a priest in the case of a Catholic apparently dead up to at least three hours after such apparent death in the case of sudden apparent death bya° cident The obligation is graves9 serious that its neglect would constt tute mortal sin'

U S DRIVE FOR PIOUS GREET ING CARDS

New York

The Supreme Directorate of the Catholic Daughters of America has anounced that it will urge the 200 000 members of the organisation to buy reigious greeting cards at Easter and Christmas The directorate has also sent a cablegram to the Pope telling him that every member of the Catho lie Daughters of America was asked to receive Holy Corhmunion on Easter Sunday for the pea@intentions of the Holv Father The directors have pointed out that a survey made by the Detroit Council of Catholic Organisations showed that only 10 per cent. of the Christmas cards manufactured in the United States are of a religious nature,

Thursday, April 11,

The Bushies'

Dear Cornerites, es Tuesday is the Feast of St Bernadette Those of you who have not ead her life story should obtain Rev rather C C, Martindale's Catholie Truth Society pamphlet, 'Bernadette of Lourdes," wherein her life-story 1s told so simply and entertainingly from beginning to end The district of Lourdes, even before the time ot Bernadette, was famous for its devotion to the Blessed Virgin Twice in the century in which the little Saint was born, Our Lady had appeared in France, once in 1830 to Catherine Laboure at Paris in the attitude familiar to us from the Miraculous Medal), and again to little children at La Salette St Bernadette was born in geat poverty on January 7, 1844 and lived the normal life of a poor child of the district Her health was not good and the bleak winter season affected her very much, so that she developed asthma On February 11, 1858, Our Lady appeared to Bernadette while she was collecting firewood in the grotto but the 14-year-old girl hardly realised that it was indeed the Mother of God During the next fortnight Our Lady appeared to her often, and crowds gathered to the spot Bernadette was questioned and threatened till at length the little village realised she was ro imposter On the Feast of the Annunciation Bernadette asked Oer Blessed Lady who she was and Our Lady who had held her hands joined till then, let them fall to her sides in the attitude of Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal, and then joined them again as she raised her eyes and said, "Que soi I'Immaculado Councepciou" (I am the Immaculate Conception") Only once again did Bernadette see Our Lady, on July 16, the Feast of Our Lad of Mount Carmel On March 28 1879, Bernadette Soubirous died in a convent, but she was not canonised till our own day, December 8, 1933. The only promise Our Lady made to the little Saint was happiness in the next world, and though many miracles have since been wrought at her shrine in the grotto, Our Lady made no mention of them when she appeared to Bernadette Lourdes was ot givn to the world that men might use it as some sort of miracle-machine, but Our Lady has given a new lease of life to many who have visited at her Grotto AUNT BESSY

ADOPT A BUSHIE

If you wish to forward "The Re cord and any other Catholic litera; ture to a Bushie family, send a stamped-addressed envelope to Aunt Bessy, who will forward you a name and address Actually no literature itself must be sent to this officeonly the stamped, addressed envelope

MAIL BAG.

Wogarl

Dear Aunt Bessy and Sandy,I trust these few ines will find vou both well, I am sending a few stmps I love the city I went over to the East and it was lovely, but rather short. I went to se relations at East Brunswick, Northcote, Whittlesea, and Arthur's Creek This is the first time I have written to vou Mother used to write for us one time I always read the Childrens Corner from The Record." We have no school Or church here. I am enclosing ls for the Lemonade Bottle VERONICA & PATRICIA SMITH

LEMONADE BOTTLE

Acknowledged With Thanks

s. d

Unlucky Joseph 5 0

Veronica and Patricia Smith 1 0

akS tamps from: Sheila ""ickham Hoh-

o; :e; and Better Late Than Never

ST BERNADETTE

Picture of a statue at the entrance to Lourdes, the work of a young and gifted artist, M Jacques Hartmann

The statue was erected bv the sub scriptions of the poor folk of Lourdes in honour of the humble Lourdaise, whom they hail as queen of the holy city

Dear Veronica and Patricia, The stamps and the shilling arrived safely with your very interesting etter The East is a beautiful place, isn't it, and I bet your relations were very pleased to ee both of you You must pray that one day you will have both a church and a school in your district, Meanwhile write often to me Sandy sends his love AUNT BESSY

# # Albanv

Dear Aunt Bessv,Please find enclosed 5s for the Bushies, n honour of the Little Flower, asking her to obtain a favour for me

UNLUCKY J0SEPH

Dear Unlucky Joseph,Your generous donation was very gratefully received. I do hope the Little Flower will grant you that favour, which I am sure she will if it is to your good AUNT BESSY

#e

Highgate Hill

De.r Aunt Bessy, I am sending vou a nice little Easter egg all for vourself With lots of love from Mummv and Daddv and vour little friend " KATHLEEN OMEARA

Dear KathleenThough the Easter egg arrived just a little after Easter, it was very much appreciated. Ask Sandv He ate half of t and said it was the best he had ever tasted AUNT BESSY

k k k #

Dear Aunt Bessy,--I am sorry this parcel s so late reaching you, but-

BETTER LATE THAN NEVER

Dear Better Late Than Never, That parcel received a very warm welcome, as it is never too late to send along to the Corner, and it was still n time Thank you very much AUNT BESSY

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SANDY'S MAILBAG

Highgate

Dear Sandy,-I hope you have a very happy Easter I am sending vou a small Easter egg and so is Hilary We hope you will enjoy them With lots of love from your little friend

MARGARET FLANAGAN

Dear Margaret,Thank you ever so much for your good wishes and for the lovely Easter egg Of course, I shared it with Aunt Bessy, and we both thought it was so thoughtful of you to send them along I have sent prick cards along to Sister, and I know it won't be so easy for her to fll them up quickly under the new arrangement However, thank her very much for asking for them

k Corner k SANDY k Highgate

Dear Sandv, We did not forget you, vou see. We are sending you an Easter egg hoping you will like t Mum and Dad and all of us hope you had a happy Easter Dear Hilary,The Easter egg was a great surprise and a very pleasant one Evervone admired it immensely before it disappeared the way all Easter eggs disappear

SANDY

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Convents,

and

Cardinal Goma, Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of Spain, is seriously ill. Public prayers are being offered for him throughout Spain, and General Franco is receiving bulletins several times a day

The Cardinal is 70 He has been Archbishop oi Toledo since 1933 and Cardinal since 1935 Before that he was Bishop oi Tarragona

During the Spanish War Cardinal Goma spent most of his time at Pamplona, as his see city was for some months in Red hands Following the heroic siege of the Alcazar and the res° cue bv the Nationalists, the citv remained too near the front line to be his permanent residence

RED PRISONERS REBUILD BARCELONA CHURCH

Former Reds some of whom took part n its destruction, were among the prisoners who have rebuilt the Church of Our Ladv of Mercy Barcelona The cost of the reconstruction has been paid for by the people of the city

BRITISH GENERAL ATTENDS MASS FOR WAR DEAD IN FRENCH CATHEDRAL.

I British General represented the British Army at a Mass offered in the Basilica of Lille, North France, for the Allied dead of the Great War The British officers and soldiers and representatives of ex-servicemen occupied places in the aisle Cardinal Lienart, Bishop of Lille, presided

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Oldest Russian Bible Goes to Germany

The oldest Russian Bible, called the Ostroger Bible after the place where it was printed in 1581, has been presented to Germany and is now in the Official Prussian Library states "La Croix"

It was printed by Ivan Fedorov at the request of Prince K K Ostrozsky

It was exhibited at the Bugra Exhibition at Leipzig in 1914

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PRIEST LOST ON THE HIGHEST PEAK IN ANDES.

Mendoza, Argentina

e trying to erect a cross on the summit of Mount Aconcagua, highest peak in the Andes, Father Kastelek s feared to have lost his life

Mount Aconcagua is an extinct volcano on the border between Chile and Argentina Father Kastelek travelled for part of the way with an expedition which left him on March 7 at an altitude of 22 400 feet only 600 feet from the summit

The priest insisted on continuing his climb despite a warning by his doctor to avoid altitudes over 18,000 feet

Snowstorms raged on Aconcagua during ten days, and a search party has failed to disc ver any trce: of Father Ka telek

and

Official Organ of the Archdiocese of Perth ESTABLISHED 1874

Troops

Russian Poland Have Children Baptised

By a "Universe" Special Correspondent,

Bucharest holy pictures have to come down in all Polish refugees are still struggling school rooms over the border into Rumania In the Russian occupied parts, priests

The tales they have told me of the and nuns may still teach provided Church's sufferings in their homeland they wear civil clothes The dying prove the determination of both the may still receive the Last Sacraments Soviet and Nazi regimes to suppress all A favourite trick in Russian schools freedom of religious faith for children is to ask a class if it would There is a difference, however The like apples and cakes, When the anspersecution in German-occupied Po- wer Yes" comes, the teacher makes land is infinitelv more cruel than in the children pray to God for them the territory occpied by the Russians Nothing happens Then they are told

And all refugees with whom I spoke to pray to Stalin for the same puragreed that there are two distinct pose The doors are flung open and types of Russian soldier: one who cakes and apples are brought in comes into the church jeering and It s generally expected that n the smoking-and a large number who territory under the Russians a vote come in secretly, after dark, to pray. will soon be taken as to whether the Often they bring with them their chil- churches should remain as churches or dren, asking the priest to baptise them be turned into something "useful" If In the Bucovina I was able to speak the vote s for the church, vast taxes with refugees who had left their coun- will be levied for its "upkeep.' try up to January 17

One school spontaneously voted for

Here are some of the facts was the retention of Catholic teaching-50 given: of the boys have now been sent to Si-

In Russian-occupied territory all beria. seminaries and monasteries have been No church bells may be rung closed Most of them were treated in In the Russian territory it s not forthe same way as the Theological Fac- bidden to go to Mass· but Sunday has ulty of Lwow whose rector received a been abolished Everv sixth dav is a letter signed "Bukharine,' stating that day of rest, and on Sundays work bethe faculty now cgased to exist because gins too early to allow men to go to ts philosophy did not coincide with Mass. On Christmas Day everyone the ideals of the Soviet Republic. had to work as if t were no feast at all

The Archbishop of Lwow was ong At least one famous Bishop is in ago thrown out of his palace, sane following the treatment he receivPrince Sapieha Archbishop of Cra ed on arrest cow, has been forbidden to use a car There is evidence of only one priest to go to church and forbidden to cele- having been shot n this territory to brate Mass n publie date Nor have the Russians robbed It is confirmed that the famous as the Germans have statue of Christ the King at Posnan It is certain that murder and starhas been dvnamited vation have not broken the faith of All wayside shrines in Poland-it those Poles who still remain There was a country that abounded in them are no flowers now to lay at the feet have been destroyed In some parts of Our Lady, but day and night the Qf the country the peasants have erect- prayers and sacrifices of a battered ed secret ones but unbroken people pour out from In both territories crucifixes and the torn heart of unhappy Poland

RUSSO-FINNISH "PEACE" THE "OSSERVATORE"

'If the peace in Finland is acceptable to Europe it remains an act of violence which is an offence to the European conscience-if this is still a conscience of right,"says the "Osservatore Romano,'' Vatican newspaper

Has Russia finished?" it asks What guarantees does that country give that she will remain satisfied? What peace is it by which the stronger dictates the law simply because it is the stronger? What peace is it by which the smaller state is obliged to submit to the arguments of the stronger?"

Paying a tribute to the heroism of Finland, the Osservatore''says: "Finland gave all There is a limit to resistance even spiritual and however heroic, but the Finns have given the world an example that will live.''

The Holy See has sent the Academecian, Signor Carlo Marangoni, to Jerusalem to prepare on the spot a project for the reconstruction of the Basilica cf the Holy Sepulchre, In the new building th people of th Latin Greek and Armenian rites

ACT OF VIOLENCE, SAYS

NAZIS FORBID DEVOTIONS

HONOURING POLISH JESUIT MARTYR

All devotions to St Andrew Bobola the Polish Jesuit martyr, are now "verboten''by order of the Nazi authorities in Poland Services in Cracow Catholic Cathedral have also been banned The pretext s that the Nazi administration has its headquarters close to the cathedral

Mgr Kaczynsky former editor of the Polish Catholic press agency KAP, who was wounded when the Nazis nvaded Poland is now living destitute in Warsaw, depending entirely upon alms

(St Andrew Bobola was canonised by Pope Pius XI His body was smuggled from the eastern part of Poland when the Russians marched in but the Nazis have now hidden it in Germany) • 1n

Archbishop Bernardini, one time Apostolic Delegate to Australia and New Zealand, and now Papal Nuncio to Switzerland, has been singularly honoured by the King of Italy

As a proof of the consideration and esteem which he enjoys in diplomatic circles, the Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italv has been conferred upon him. This is an exceptionally high distinction, and is the highest of the fi e degrees of the Order rounded in 186 by King Victor Emmanuel

VATICAN ANNULS I7 MARRIAGE UNIONS

Of 56 marriage unions examined in the past year, the Tribunal of the Sacred Roman Rota has declared 17 to be null and void The others were found to be true marriages and as such could not be dissolved

The Rota accepted 2I of these cases without any charge, the applicants being poor people Of these 21, seven were declared null and void

will be able to pass separately to the Holy Sepulchre and to the Chapel of St Helena A model of the recon structed Basilica is to be prepared for the Holy See's paviion In the Rome Exhibition of 1942

Three agreements settling the status of the Holy See's property outside Vatican territory have been signed by the Pope and the King of Italy

These agreements are the first to be signed between the two States since the Lateran Treaty of 1926 Vatican, Italy Agree on Property in Rome

VATICAN FIRE MYSTERY UNSOLVED

But Criminal Cause is Not Excluded

Rome

The inquiry nto the fire that damaged the Apostolic Chancellery on New Years Day has not produced sufficient evidence to prove that it was due to incendiarism, but a criminal cause cannot be definitelv excluded. It was the second outbreak of fire at'the Apostolie Chancellerv within few davs

The 15th century building and the adjoining church of St, Lorenzo n Damaso sustained considerable damage; the ceiling of the church has been pulled down to prevent furth lamage anl va'uab! frescoes have been rind