The Record Newspaper 22 February 1940

It was their first pay parade and one young gunner drew his full pay

Weil Gunner X. " said the officer on duty, "I see you're married Aren't you going to make you wife an allotment?"

No, sir; not a penny!" was the firm reply

But"

"Look here, sir; I allow her £3,000 a year She must manage on that!' k >k k Little Winnie had evidently been thinking hard as she sat on mother's knee before the fire Presently, she asked:

"Mother, why did you marry daddy?"

Mother looked at her sadly and sighed

"So you've begun to wonder too have you?" k le

Puffing and blowing, the young man just managed to jump into a carriage as the train left the station

The middle-aged man in the corner eyed him with scorn

"When I was your age, my lad," he said, 'I could run half a mile, catch a train by the skin of mv teeth, and yet be as fresh as a daisy"

"Yes," gasped the young fellow, "but I missed this one at the last station."

It was after the raid and the pilots were clambering out of their machines, very pleased with themselves

But one man began to shake violently, and put his hand to his head

They led him to the mess They gave him brandy after brandy but still his hands shook

Presently the MO arrived "Steady boy" he said Nerves" "Nerves be jiggered!'' said the patient "I can't get this wrist-watch to go

k k

The colonel of a battalion billeted in the corntry was invited to a neighbouring farm for lunch

He astounded the farmer by eating two small roasted fowls Later, while walking in the farmyard, he noticed a cock strutting about and remarked "By gad- That's a proud bird." So he should be,"' answered the farmer; "he has two sons in the Army now"

k k k k

It was the first parade of the day, and the sergeant-major was feeling "edgy "' "Here, you!" he snapped at our private. 'Did you shave this morning?" Yes, sir!"

Then it was a bad one"

"Well, I had to shave with a candle this morning''

"Hah! Well, try a razor to-morrow!"

k k k k

Wearilv the old hawker sank into his chair by the kitchen fire at the end of a heavy day

"It's a bad world," he sighed; "full of crooks and swindlers"

"What's wrong, Tom?" asked his wife

''Ere's me spent most of the morning painting up a sparrow till it looks like a canary Then along comes a bloke and gives me a dud half-crown for it"

k k k k

The young man was burning the candle at both ends Seldom did he arrive home until the early hours of the morning Finally his father decided to tackle him on the subject

"Don't you think," he said, sternly, "that you ought to mend your ways

The young man nodded

"Welf, dad" he replied, "T've at last decided to settle down and do some work. "And what are you thinking of doing?" asked the now surprised parent 4 f I think III take up poutry-farm'ing," said the young man ''rm!" sniffed his father. "Better try owls; their hours would suit you better"

A small boy stood at the entrance to the cobbler's shop, watching the man at work.

'What do you repair boots with, mister? he asked, suddenly Hide," replied the cobbler, sharply

Eh: said the boy

"I said hide'' replied the cobbler, impatiently

What for?" insisted the boy, somewhat surprised Hidethe cow's outside" sighed the man

Don't care if it is Who's afraid oi a cow anyway?' answered the boy defiantly

The poulterer's assistant was cleaning a fowl for a customer and extracted an egg complete with shell,

The customer noticed this and said ·Well, would you believe it? Don't forget to give me the egg; that's a new-laid one anyway '

On turning round to wrap up the bird the boy dropped the egg le snatched another from a basket and put that in

The following week the customer returned to the shop and said, "You remember that egg you took out of my fowl? Well, it was stamped Danish'!"

k k k k

well-dressed man stood for several minutes watching a brawny fellow tugging at a heavily-laden box almost as wide as the doorway through which he was trying to move it Presently the onlooker approached and asked:-

"May I be of assistance?"

Thanks you can,'' the other replied and for the next five minutes the tw men, on opposite sides of the box worked, lifted, puffed, and struggled but the object of their attentions did not move an inch

Finally, the well-dressed man straightened u and said between puffs: 'I don't believe-we can-ever getit out"

"Get it out?" the other shouted 'Why, whyI'm trying to get it in!" k >k

She wanted to make an impression at the dance, and visited a beauty expert

"That will be six shillings madam said the assistant when he had finished "Six shillings? But you only massaged my chin!"

Just so, madamtwo shillings per chin

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The milkman was late in calling at the camp and the cook was saving up some of the abuse that the troops hurled at him as they waited for breakfast, At last the milkman came "Well,'' said the cook ominously, 'wha's the excuse this time?"

"It's like this," said the milkman, The government insists that all milk supplied to the troops must contain 20,000 bacteria to the gallon, and you've no idea how long it takes to count the little perishers'

It was so cloudy that the barrage balloons were invisible from the ground.

An inquisitive old man, looking on, was frankly puzzled

"How do you know theres a balloon at the end of that rope?" he asked one of the men on duty The soldier cocked an eye sykward and replied: "If there ain't then lummy, I've done the blooming Indian rope trick!"

k k k k Whit can I dae fur ye?" said the Aberdeen fishmonger to his customer

Well I want ane sma' herring."

Juist the one?" exclaimed the fishman, the smile leaving his lips

"Av Ye see, the doctor has ordered ma wife sea air and Ah want tae fan her with it"

She had spent most of the morning telling her class of evacuees something of the wonders of Nature At the finish, she thought she'd scored a point. And isn't it wonderful how the little chickens get out of their shells?"

But one quick-witted little nine-yearold went one better · "What gets me miss is how they get in"

It was naturally a sad moment when the mother had to say good-bye to her soldier son "Oh, Jimmy," she sighed, I shall miss you" "Well mother" was the cheery reply, "I hope to goodness the Germans do the same"

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Killing In War

R. A Dickens, Ryde:

May I take advantage o your question box to help my mind on a point I cannot settle except by following the Sermon on the Mount

Nothing n the answers I will give you will conflict in any way with the Sermon on the Mount If you think they do, please write and say so indicating the words of Christ which you think opposed to what I say

What view does the Church take of a soldier killing another socalled enemy soldier?

The Catholic Church takes the view that if the soldier knew quite well tht the cause of h;s country was unjust, he would be guilty of murder, unless he we acting solely in individual sel defence against some individual soldier of th enemy forces If, however, he lid not have certain knowledge that his own country's cause was unjust, he woull be free from personal guilt in beying his officer· and fighting for victory, even though it meant his killing enemy soldiers

Attitude of Christ

Was Christ incapable of takin life in the same sense?

Had He been an ordinarv hu man being, and not the Son o God come into this world for the salvation of uls, and had He been a soldier in the employ o his countrv He would not have een incapable of fulfilling the duties of a soldier, even if t meant killing enemy soldiers in actual warfare But you must notice the two suppositions In reality Christ, who was the Son of God and the Eternal King with a Kingdom not of this world, can Pot be made the tandard of such a comparison with an ordinary soldier, who is obviously the sub° iect of a Kingdom which is of this world, and to which he has duties in the natural order, besides his duties to Christ in the spiritual order You will notice in the Gospels that Christ met several military men, yet never

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once did He condemn their occupation; nor did he ever condemn war He abstracted from the temporal concern of this world and preached the Kingdom of God, bidding men to attend to the spiritual welfare of their souls, and to make sure of securing their eternal welfare, whatever might be their success or disasters in this life So, for example, in a somewhat similar wav He refused to interfere in thelitigation o; two brothers over a legacy from their parents One of them said to Him, Speak to my brother. that he divide the inheritance with me " But Our Lord replied, "Who hath appointed Me judge or divider, over you?" And He simply took the occasion to say:"Beware of covetousness, for a man s life doth not consist in the abundance of things he possesseth ' (Lk XII , 14) In other words, Christ refused to decide who was right and who was wrong in this dispute over interests concerned with this world He left that to be solved by the ordinarv human administration o justice From the contentions of nations He also abstracted anl condemned neither the miltary profession, nor its employment when deemed necessary by the countries concerned in actual warfare

Is It Murder?

Can we kill a human being in war with the Church's consent, and without breaking the com mandment, "Thou shalt not kill?

Yes, provided one is engaged in a war in which his country's cause is not manifestly unjust to his own knowledge, and provided the person killed is an active combatant who has not surrendered and een taken prisoner What does the Commandment "Thou shalt not kill" mean?

[t commands us to preserve our own lives and the lives of those entrusted to our care So a man would be obliged to preserve the ife of his mother against a wouldbe murderer even if he had o kil! the murderer n order to do so It forbids all unjust killing of innocent people Neither the State, ror any individual, would e justified in putting an innocent citizen to death. Unfortunatelv, in a war due to national or international injustice, individual soldiers as individuals are innocent and have had no sav in the makng of war But in such a case thev are viewed not as individuals but as integral parts of the nation to which they belong; and the war can onlv be viewed as one national group of peoples opposed to another national group That the commandment, "Thou shalt not kill,'' does not forbid war in a legitimate cause, even though innocent individuals suffer, Is evilent from the fact that God who gave that Commandment also sanctioned wars on behalf of just principles We see that again and again in the Old Testarent And God, who gave the law 'Thou shalt not ki11 " should surely know how far He intended it to extend Now that concludes vour letter If vou have fnrher difficulties, send them in by all means

BY REV. DR. RUMBLE. Broadminded

A.G , Manly:

We listen with great interest to your session, and were particularly interested when you said you were not always of the Faith you are at present I hope your nterest in the sessions will continue

We are of the Protestant faith, but open to accept any teaching that is broad minded and good

! presume you will admit that a teaching is not good if it is not true But if you admit that a certain teaching is true, you can no longer be so broadminded as to admit that what contradicts it is just as good a teaching Love of truth demands that we,exclude error, however kindly we may be disposed towards the mistaken people subject to that error

All roads lead to God

That cannot rightly be said

We may say that sincere people on different roads desire to go to God But it must not be thought that, because thev themselves have equally good dispositions, the different roads are therefore equally good. For example, you are a Protestant, and I am now a Catholic If God wants people to be Protestants, it can't be equally good to be a Catholic And if God wants people to be Catholics, it can't be equally good to be a Protestant. We must trv to find out which God wants We have all a right to choose our own road till we, like you find the right one

I would say that, so long as there remains anv doubt as to whether we are on the right road willed by God, we have the duty to clear up those doubts; and if we discover some other road to be right than the one we are following then it is our duty to trans fer to that right road For God has not only the right that we should serve Him; He has the right to say in what way we should do so And it s mv firm conviction that He has prescribed the Catholic way

Why does your Church object to cremation?

I will tell vou after commenting upon your own thoughts on the subject

Cremation seems a far better way than earth-burial hygienically for the disposing of an old coat (so to speak of the physical body) which the soul has done with

There is no particular advantage, from the viewpoint of hygiene, in cremation Hygiene is the science of the preservation of health Now earth-burial is no danger whatever to the health of the living That is scientificallv certain And the health of the body of the dead person cannot be in question Meantime, though you profess to be a Christian, you do not speak in a Christian way when you speak of the physical body as an old garment that the soul has done with That is not the Christian view Listen

to these words of a great Christian Saint on this subject-St Augustine In his book on "The Care of the Dead," he writes "The bodies of the dead are not to be despised and thrown away; and above all the bodies of faith ful Christians For the soul uses the body in all its good deeds during life, in the service of Goel The body is much more intimately united with the soul than any garments with the body; in fact the body is part of man's very nature Therefore the bodies of the iust have always been buried with reverence and piety and with religious ceremonies "

Is Burial Horrible?

THE RECORD

I think to stand by. an open grave and see a loved one put down into the earth, is horrible, and mediaeval You must not think that a thing is wrong because it is mediaeval Mediaeval architecture, and painting, and music, and philosophy, and liturgy, are all amongst the most beautiful things in the world There is much more modern ugliness than mediaeval ugliness As for the earth-burial of a loved one being horrible, it is all a matter of viewpoint Personally I prefer that the body of one whom I have loved should be

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in ground that has been blessed buried in God's'good brown earth, and consecrated to Him, and left to the gentle absorption of nature in nature's own way; rather than make use of an incinerator dignifie! by the name of a cremator ium, as if the body were but so much coal, or as you put it, an old garment for which no one has anv further use

Beauty of Cremation.

I was very much opposed to creration not understanding it correctly, till recently I was at a relative's cremation

Your impressions are due rather to what you did see than to what voa did not see I was astounded by the reverence and beauty of the service

The external religious service would not be less beautiful at an ordinary burial

It was most consoling; and there was nothing whatever to offend or hurt the bereaved one's feelings That depends on the bereaved one's outlook We Catholics do not view death quite like others Also, isn't it much better to see a beautiful tree marking the place ' of a loved one's ashes, rather than the hideous tombstones we see in cemeteries?

Tombstones and cemeteries are not hideous Cemeteries are the most peaceful spots on the face of the earth, and tombstones amongst the friendliest things I know Gray's "Elegy in a Country Churchyard'' awakens more beautiful thoughts than anything a crematorium could ever inspire

And that one's body should be reduced to a fertiliser for any kind of a tree s not a very appealing notion

The world must progress, and improve on the old methodsNot all new methods are better just because they are new; nor is all so-called progress genuine pro gress

The Catholic Law

I would be very interested to know the reasons why Catholics may not make use of cremation

The law of the Catholic Church forbids Catholics to make use of cremation, just as the law of their Church forbids them to eat meat on Fridavs And for Catholics t is enough that such is the law We acknowledge the authoritv of our Church insuch matters, and obey it without question for the love of God However, the Catholic Church does not make laws without good reasons For example, on Fridays, the day on which Our Lord gave up His life for us in such sufferings on the Cross, it is not too much to ask us to give up the pleasure of taking meat, as an act of grateful remembrance And there are equally good reasons for the forbidding of cremation From the verv be ginning the early Chrisians insisted on earth-burial as opposed to the cremation practised by pagans The practice of cremation was reintroduced in comparatively recent times by Continental unbelievers who declared that it would be a good way to impress upon people that all was over at death, and that there was no future life Then too, in Catholic eyes, both faith and filial piety protest against the desecrar tion of the bodv of a oved onea body consecrated by baptism, and the temple of the Holy Spirit durng life Finally there are medico-legal aspects of. the case, for cremation destrovs all evidence of poison or violence, thus hindering the detection of crime Many murders have been proved by ex humation after burial All these reasons are sound, and provide

Thursday, February 22, 1940

more than sufficient justification for the Catholic attitude But for Catholics themselves, as I have said, it is enough that such is the law of their Church And, after all, one of the conditions for belonging to any society is obedience to its laws So now I have answered your letter, and I hope I have made things clearer for you

VATICAN PAPER SUMS UP 1939: SPIRITUAL CRISIS CAUSED WAR

The spiritual crisis in Europe was the real cause of the present war, says the Osservatore Romano" in its summingup of the past year

This spiritual crisis shook the moral framework of the continuent, it savs and as a result caused a further crisis of all abstract principles, the devaluation of all moral laws and the creation of fallacious theories and dangerous antagonisms such as those opposing the true conceptions of liberty and of authority

The true attitude of the State to the individual and of the material things to the spirit were out of focus Attitude To Treaties

'The consequences of this pernicious state of things were soon seen Treaties freely entered into are no longer considered as promises involving the honour and the conscience of those who have signed them, but as simple exterior manifestations of a sovereign power believing itself at liberty to reject them whenever it wishes

"Natural law is not superior to positive law, but is used as a pretext to escape the positive law The equality of men is nothing more than a myth International institutions are systematically ignored"

Practical results of these now methods are:

'Poland has been dismembered for the fourth time Other States h. ve lost their freedom Others again have become protectorates Russia has shaken off its sleep Communism, up to now limited to ideological propaganda, is to-day putting all its weight upon the European chequer-board." What Is Left" The Osservatore" ends by hoping that the war will not destrov what is still left of Christian civilisation and that the conquerors of to-morrow will be inspired to erect a new wrld built of supreme sacrifice and bound by the moral laws of Christianity."

STIGMATISED WOMAN DECLINED HER RATION CARDS

(NCWC Special Correspondent)

Teresa Neumann, the stigmatised peasant woman of Konnersreuth, has declined to accept the German ration cards, pointing out that she does not need any bread, butter, eggs or meat or indeed, any food For 12 years now Teresa Neumann, aged 41, has taken no nourishment Nor has she had anything to drink since she received the stigmata-the marks of Our Lord's wounds-in the Lent of 1926.

Only the Blessed Sacrament passes her Lips

She is in excellent health, as I saw when I called at her home She smiledat the recent rumours that she had died.

Teresa continues to suffer pain from the stigmata on her handswhich I saw clearly-and on her feet head back, and the region of her heart

Though we conversed for two hours she showed no signs of fatigue

She has few visitors nowadays This is due to travelling difficulties and to the instructions of her Bishop that she should not receive visitors except for special reasons, Reports were spread that she was engaged in polities The authorities appreciate, however, that she s a loyal German and a local official was reprimanded after he had insisted on searching her room while she was resting.

Her connections with the outside world are largely confined to trying to help others in their spiritual difficulties All reports which say that she has expressed views on current political events and tried to forecast future developments have no foundation

CATHOLICS IN ROUMANIA BACK KING CAROL.

The Catholics of Roumania are entirely in sympathy with King Carol's present policv of neutrality and offer him their full collaboration said Canon Molnar in an address at Bucharest, states "La Croix."

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and the Salazar

Regeneration

I BY W P McDONAGH in • The Rock"

finances Quite naturally da Costa re fused, and Salazar went back to his students That was his first appearane on the political scene It lasted exactly five days

A Professor in Politics

WE li\ e in an age whose greatest art is the advertisement, and find it hard to appreciate men or institutions which go to work quietly without any blowing of trumpets No wonder, therefore, that the name of Salazar, even after twelve vears, is relatively unknown or that the profound spiritual revolution he has affected is so little understood Yet, for all that, the Portuguese experiment presents an example of the greatest political importance, and Salazar's claim to greatness as a statesman rests on a far firmer foundation than that of other who have made the earth tremble with the feet of their marching legions

In order to understand what Salazar has achieved it is necessarv to sketch in the background of precorporative Portugal, to understand the condition of his countrv as he found it Portugal is one of the "small nations" h a great history Its area is only 35500 sq miles and its population 6,200,000 Its earlier historv is marked by achievements which can at least equal the highest points of civilisation and culture-in anv other country But this period of brilliance was succeeded by a relapse into mediocrity, znd for four centuries the nation rapidly deteriorated Her once great commerce decayed ono bv one her industries disappered, even agriculture fell so low that most of her food had to be imported Social organisation feil to pieces while turbulent factions converted the whole countrv into a field of strife and discord The body of the nation nk into apathy and no longer seemed to care how they were governed The Republic

In 1908 King Carlos I and the Crown Prince were brutally assassinated in the streets of Lisbon an act which did much to discredit Portugal in the eyes of the world The assassination destroyed whatever power remained to the c:own, and when King Manoel came to the throne he was unable even to punish his father's murderers The countrv was now in the hands of the professional politicians But even they were powerless to rule Divisions among them and their inability to form a common policy discredited them and accelerated the development of Republicanism The murder of a prominent republican leader, Dr Bombarda in 1910 precipitated things and on October 14 a revolution broke out

After a short and fruitless struggle

King Manoel fled for safety to England and almost immediatelv a fullblown liberal parliamentary , republic was set up, and a constitution closely modelled on the French adopted Portugal had become a democracy; a new page in her historv was about to be opened; the past was to be redeemed

and the future provided for But, bad as the past had been the next sixteen years of liberal government were to be infinitely worse One word suffices to sum up the regime chaos

The political situation reflected the moral chaos which pervaded the whole of national life During this period there were eight presidents of the Republic, oneof whom served his full term of office and one of whom Sidonio Pais was assassinated in 1917, and forty-three different governments; that is an average of two a yearactually there were nine during 1920 There were eight rebellions, and political assassinations were normal From 192025 three hundred and twenty-five bombs burst in the streets of Lisbon alone Commenting on this last fact the London 'Times'' said that "Bombs are evidently accepted by public opinion as a necessary and praiseworthy manifestation of patriotic activity and a legitimate method of asserting politial rights."

Portugue: Liberalism had brought the cuntry to uin The budget had not been balanced for over a century, for long that a deficit seemed part o the rdr f things The Government lived on a series of ruinous loans, and a clan of about 12000 politicians battened on the unfortunate people and bled them white Social and economic conditions were desperate, there was no money to spare for essential rvices for education, for housing, for an thing but to line the politicians' pockets The :ountry's reputation was at ts lowest Portugal was quite iterally a dying nation

The Army Intervenes

Characteristically enough, it was the army which put an end to the muddle Accustomed itself to order and discipline, it could no longer stand aside and see the country dissolve in anarchy Cn May 28, 1926 General Gomes da Costa made a pronunciamento, the eighteenth since 1910 and followed it up by marhing on Lisbon General da Costa selected his first government from the soldiers around him, but stopped short when he came to the Ministrv of Finance The first task of the new government must be to clean up the Augean stables of Portuguese finance Nothing could be done until financial stability was secured But the difficultv was where to find a Finance Minister who would have the courage and abilitv to attempt a task which so many had given up as impossible?

Then the General was told of a certain Professor at the University of Coimbra who "was supposed to be good' He had never heard of him before But the matter was urgnt The new Government,' he said to a journalist, 'is just the best we can find at a moment like this. The Minister of Finance is to be a certain Salazar from Coimbra. Do you happen to know him?" The journalist did not and either did anvone else But he had written a brilliant thesis on the evolution of Portuguese finance and perhaps he could do something The First Call. Word was sent to Coimbra and at first Salazar refused to leave his lecture hall He was just a plain professor of economies, he said, and was fully aware f the vast gulf: between theory ond practice But when pressed further he came to Lisbon to interview the General When the quiet young man of thirty-sven appeared, he said he wonld avcept the position on one condition: he must be made financial dicetator with a veto on all national expenditure and complete control of the

Antonio Oliviera Salazar was born in 1889 He was the son of a small armer in the village of Vimieiro in Santa Comba Like the other Euro pean dictators he is a man of the people He was educated at a nearby Diocesan Seminary, which seems to suggest an intention of becoming a priest, but in 1911 he went on to Coimbra to study law and obtained his doctorate there In 1916 he was appointed professor of political economy at the age of twenty-seven During those years he showed a keen interest in political matters, helped to found the Catholio Party and took a vigorous part in what came later to be called Catholie Action by constantly advocating the adoption of Christian morel principles in political and social life

When Salazar went back to Coimbra two Generals in turn tried their hands at the financial problem but only sueceede in making matters worse Things came to such a pass that the Government decided to apply to the League of Nations for a loan and towards the end of 1927 the then Minister of Finance

General Sinel de Cordes approached Geneva to ask for £12000,000. A Financial Committee of Inquiry was sent to Portugal in 1928 and reported fav ourably A loan would be granted; the League promised to balance the budget stabilise the currency and consolidate the State's debt to the Bank of Portugal-but on certain conditions: ample guarantees would have to be made to the creditor powers and a foreign controller appointed The offer was a generous one, but the con ditions attached were considered a humiliation to the Portuguese nation, which saw in them a surrender of sov ereignty It was therefore refused and. nstead. Salazar was recalled and his conditions accepted If there had to be a financial dictator far bettr let t be a Portuguese than a foreigner Financial Dictator

At once the new Minister set to work He demanded the strictest economy of the nation, cut down all superfluities, and increased taxation Every national activity was subordinated to the urgent necessity of balancing the budget and obtaining financial stability And at the end of that first year, 1928 9, Salazar presented an astounded nation not only with a balanced budget but with a surplus of nearly £3,000,000 The budget electrified the whole finaneial world a Portuguese budget actuallv balanced, with an enormous surplus And this at a time when the world was undergoing an acute econo1 - n- •-c:a--•- ---

mic crisis The thing was nothing less than a first-class financial miracle And Salazar has produced a surplus every year since In 1934 it amounted to 518,000,000, a record which, to quote the Times," "is not only without parallel anvwhere else in the world but is an achievement for which history can show few precedents" Such surpluses enable him to liquidate the nation's floating debt The debt amounted to £20,400,000 in 1929; by the next year it was reduced to ±9,400,000 and in two more years was completely paid off Since 1928 financial stabilisation has progressed steadily, the initial need for heavy sacrifices is gradually disappearing, the cost of living is going down and the standard of living is going up, and a once bankrupt nation occupies a position of perfect financial stability No other statesman can equal the record of this hard-working and silent university professor The Government s now in a position to consider a fifteen year plan of economie reconstruction which will involve an expenditure of £60,000,000, in itself a proof of the newfound prosperity of the nation This economic reconstruction will include railways, roads, airports commercial and fishery harbours, irrigation, townplanning new schools and generally all other undertakings likely to improve the condition of the country

Another successful effort of Salazar's has been to make Portugal practically self-sufficient in the matter of necessary foodstuffs When he came into power he found that practically all the country's wheat and rice was imported, a completely unnecessary state of affairs in an agricultural country £2,000,000 was paid for foreign wheat and £500,000 for rice To-day Portugal grows more than enough wheat and rice for her own needs £1,200,000 was paid for codfish although the Portuguese fisheries are excellent This drain too has been cut down and the number of her codfishers doubled The resulting selfsufficiency has, of course, enormously increased the wealth of the producers Unemployment has been reduced to om half of one per cent of the total population, and with 99 per cent of her peopl at work there is no unemploy-

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expeetations In 1931 Salazar was appointed President of the Council of

He at once collected a

of

fessors, lawyers and prominent business men around him to cast a rew consttution for Portugal The first drait was published on May 23

and the people were allowed a year to consider it Perfectly free discussion was permitted with the result that the new constitution obtained

almost unani-. mous majority on March 19, 1933, and Portugal became the fist Corporative Republic

THE RECORD

The New Constitution The new Constitution and the 'Estado Novo'' which it brought into being bears all the marks of Salazar's peculiar line of thought Many of its provisions are for particular application to the needs of the country itself and must be examined in that light if they are to be understood It is no impractical declaration of theoretic rights but a concrete state system for a particular nation The "Estado Novo" is an essentially Christian state and the constitution insists on the fundamental principles of political morality It is an effort to realise an ideal system which has been thought out by a long line of distinguished modern philosophers and adumbrated in the famous Encyclical "Quadragesimo Anno," of Pope Pius XI In its political aspect it is strictly authoritarian

JOSEPH O'DEA

Principal

O'DWYER

Thursday, February 22, 1940

without at the same time falling into the extremes of totalitarianism; it is anti-liberal but not undemocratic It establishes a strong government with ample freedom of action, yet insists on responsibility to the people in whom ultimate sovereignty resides

The constitution begins with the rights of the citizen and follows the line of liberal democracies like switzerland, France and Belgium by enter ing the right to life, reputation, liberty free expression of thought public meeting and association, to contract and to property But political parties have been banned and are never intended to rise again Even the Catholic Party which Salazar himself helped to fom has been dissolved Instead the country is united mto one vast National Union which Salazar insists is not a party in any sense but the nation organised to reform itself in co-operation with its rulers Salazar does not deny that the party system may work admirably elsewhere he has considerable admiration for the English system of governmentbut he is convinced that the parliamentary party system does not suit Portugal It reduced the country to ruin before and would do so again if given the chance There is no place for the old swindling professional politician in the 'Estado Novo'' and it is Salazar's hope to secure that national unity will never again be destroyed by party strife The Family.

A further difference from Liberal ism is the importance given to the family in Section III of the Constitution The family is declared to be as it has always been in Catholic thought, the unit of society When explaining the constitution Salazar sternly attacked the fallacious dogma of I9th Century political thought, derived from Rousseau, that the individual not the family, was the social unit By restoring the family to ts proper place in the community and by adequately safe guarding its rights both against individualism and bureaucracy, the Constitution has given a lead which might be profitably followed by other states Article Tl of the Constitution lays down that sovereignty resides in the nation; thereby asserting the fundamental principle of democracy The nation is distinguished from the state which is its organ and instrument 1he head of the state is a president elected for a term of seven years by the direct suffrage of the adult literate population, and is "directly responsible to the nation for actions performed in the expowers and are "independent of any ercise of his duties." These duties inelude legislative as well as executive vote of the national Assembly" The intention here is to establishresponsibility of government and to do away with the political irresponsibility of the old system in which no individual person could be held answerable for the action of the Government

Besides the President there is a Council of State composed of five ex-officio members and five more appointed for life by the president The ex-officio members are the Presidents of the Council, the Assembly, the Corporative Chamber the Supreme Court and the procu ator General Then there is the National Assembly composed of ninety members who are elected en bloc This s in the proper sense the legislative body

Article 16 of the Constitution says that it shall be the duty of the state to authorise all corporative organisations for intellectual, social and economic purposes and to promote and assist their formation'' This corporatism gives its peculiar character to the ' Estado Novo' and constitutes Salazar's greatest contribution to statecraft The country is not yet fully organised along corporative lines for a revolution such as he is determined to carry out cannot be made quickly if it is'to last But the foundations have been laid and the system is gradually establishing itself

The ideal corporations should, of course grow up from the people themselves, from below In Portugal how ever they have been established by the dictatorial fiat of Salazar and require the dictatorship for their development To that extent Portuguese Corporatism is artificial But that was necessarv

A new system had to be imposed on a people whose whole development was stunted and far from normal But Salazar firmly hopes that the system will develop strongly in Portuguese soil and eventually run itself

Not Fascism

The:e are many people who call this Fascism But it is not Fascism Corporatism is rather social democracy In th words of Herr Kunschak, the former Austrian Trades Union leader· "The basis of the Corporative state is true democracy nothing less than organised democracy" There are, it is true, several points of similarity in the Italian and Portuguese systems Both have dictators; both are corporate states both have banned political parties and instituted a rigid press censorship, both stress the authoritarian

nature of their respective regimes But it would be a grave mistake to take similarity for identity; to concentrate on common accidents and to miss the essential difference

A comparison of the Portuguese and Italian corporations reveals an essential difference between the two systems a difference which is founded on two completely incompatible state theories In Italy the Corporations, while fulfilling useful social and eco nomic functions, are in reality organs of state control, means by which the governmental power reaches down through the whole nation The Corporati ns are not autonomous self-governing bodies but preserves of the Fascist Party For Fascism The State" (in the words of Mussolini) "becomes tne expression of the conscience and will of the people Its conception of the state is all embracing; outside of it n human or spiritual values can exist much less have value Thus unde' stood Fascism is totalitarian, and t Fascist State-a synthesis and a un:t inclusive of all valuesinterprets, d velops, and penetrates the whole life of people The Fascist State lays claim to rule in the economic field no less than in others: it makes its action felt throughout the length and breadth of the country by means of its corporative, social and educational institutions andall the political, economic and spiritual forces of the nation, organ ed in their respective associations, ciculate within the state" (Fascism Doct and Inst Pp 11 and 29) No clearer exposition of totalitarian principles could be given Place these quotations beside Salazar's criticism of Fascism and the distinction becomes apparent We must drive away from our minds any idea towards the formation of what is called the Totalitarian State That State which subordinates ever th ng- -the moral order, law, policy. ec nomic life---to its concept of the nation or race, which considers itself om1 potent, its own first principle and lat end; which controls all activit whether individual or collective-is ssentiallypagan and consequently n compatible with our Christian civilis.tion Our cnstitution approved the plebiscite rejets, as irreconcilal' with its objective all that proceeds 1:rectly or indirectly from this totalitarian principle. It begins by establis' ing the laws of morality and justice as limits to its own sovereignty It imposes on the State the obligation to respect the natural rights of indivi duals, families, orporations and local bodies."

Both Stat. are rporative but the corportism is completely different ti State Corporatism' of Italy is like a pyramid which stands on its apex, t. 1e State supporting the nation In 't Portuguese Corporatism of Associati· : the pyramid stands on its broad bx The corporations are in a vr' r sense local autonomous bodies in wh business the state cannot interfere e cept for purposes of c-ordination an direction in the interests of nation' unity and the Common Good Thu though superficially like it in so1 ways, the Portuguese system is the very antithesis of Fascism It is an effort to organise a nation democratially while preserving it from the veal ness of democracy, the failure of Au thority And, wonderful to relate Salazar seems to have succeeded, to hav established an authoritarian de mocracy which may well prove th State of the future Even now his influence is being felt abroad and a Cor porative State is being organised n Spain.

Salazar is as unlike the other dic tators as chalk is from cheese He was called to powr by no wave of popular enthusiasm nor does he remain there by the propagandist methods we have become so familiar with There is no showmanship, no uniforms, no strutting on balconies no vast military parades no hysteria and very few speeches

He goes to work quietly and performs his perpetual miracles He is ready to relinquish power at any moment but s also prepared to stick to the work to which he has dedicated himself, he is, as a recent visitor to Portugal described him 'A mystic dedicated to God and to his figures"

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Hungary Between Two Fires

Both Germany and U.S.S.R. Fear Rapprochement Between Budapest and Bucarest

(By the Central European Correspondent of The Tablet")

AT the same time as the war u1 Western Europe a great "war of nerves'is raging, and finding its central point more and more n Hungary and Rumania Everything points to an intensive diplomatic cam paign on this front and then in the spring either to an Agreement of some sort between these two nations or else to the outbreak f a conflagrationwhich would necessarilv spread throughout the whole of the Danubian basin and the Balkans

The Great Powers are exerting tiemselves, according to their interests, either to facilitate or to prevent a Magyar-Rumanian compromise Italy Britain and F ance all have urgent reasons to hope for conciliation Rome is working wit] admirable perseverance to forge a Balkan and Danubian League, publis'y designed to shut out the Soviets, and secretly to bar the road also to the German Drang nach Sudosten"

The Duce ha no desire to see the two friends of his country, Latin Rumania and the old ally Hungary, exposed to these; nor to see Bulgaria, another client and ally oft Fascist Italy, exposed to attack from Turkey

The key to peace in South-easterr Europe lies return t normal in relations be Hungary an Ru mania, and is therefore loing his be: .ha it shall come It e Western P r Britain n of having their: oblig filling thiveness w Iv gar1. SS R are unrochment be tween Bucrst, the former hih may pass, the lat which are peraking militof Rumania n of Eastern Grlieia is n longer in a p direct! Rut, and petrol ational Socialist Empire i ution of the war, can no tained need should a ed pressure on the Bukovin :rs

SOVIET WANTS CHAOS

The Fuhrer, therefore, mmst act through Hungry and that fact ex· plains the rec nt tension over Transyl vania and th ministerial crisis in Rumania which ended in the fall of the Argetoiano Cabinet Whenevwr Berlin wishes to make the reluctant Rumanians more amenable. the Hungat ians will be encouraged to pres their well-known claims The speech, full of hidden threats which Count Csaky made on November 2I, was a reflection of German indignation at the resistance with which the proposals of Herren Wohltat and Clodius had been met in Bucarest But the Reich would freely abandon its present pol ey, and would collaborate with Italv to establish a Danubian and Balkan Entente, if it could be done on a basis of opposition to France and Britain and, secondarily on a basis also of opposition to Soviet advance

The Soviets, on the other hand, are stirring up Hungaro-Rumanian trouble from both sides as is common knowledge, Their object s to produce chaos Moscow is unwilling to be the first to intervene. bv invading Bes Sarabia, but hopes to repeat tle suecess of the Polish campaign If only the Hungarians and Bulgarians would attack Rumania! Then Russia would have no alternative but to protect her Bessarabian blood-brothers With this pleasant prospect in view, the Soviet Government is carefully cultivating the acquaintance of Hungary, maintaining close relations and refraining from nterference in the affairs of SubCarpathian Russia, recovered for the Crown of St, Stephen, for the present at least last spring

But Hungarian statesmen are not de ceived, either by the Russian intrigues r by the cupboard love of the Germans They avoid giving unnecessary offence to their neighbours in the north they affect suitable sentiments towards their neighbour and friend in the west, but they depend above all on Italy, the ally and the natural protector of Hungary Admiral Horthy, Count Teleki, and Count Csaky have to show extreme prudence, and the skill of tight-rope walkers

They must not go so far as a breaking-off of relations with Rumania, which would jeopardise the Danubian and Balkan peace which Italy desires, and which s equally dear to the Magyars; but they must defer to some extent t popular clamour for the protection of Hungary's patrimony,' which comes from the depths of the Hungarian soul, and which is being whipped up by foreign influences; they must humour, perforce, the numerous susceptibilities of Germany, and it wuld be strange indeed if they were not profiting by the present ircumstances to press the Rumanians 'or the return of Transylvania as hard as may be without a real risk of war

One can understand then the language of the Hungarian ministers, at the same time threatening and reserv ed, and their anxiety to avoid an open breach, and, at the same time, ny srg gestion of feebleness Discretion must remain r them the better part of va ur but hen the war in th w st takes more dfinite shape, they will have t face more squarely the problems which confront them Wil] discretion re quire Hungary to become a part of a Danubian onfederation, or to throw in her lot with a single Great Power?

LEGITIMISM

# #

The former will be the case if things are obviusly going in favour of the Frenh and British In that event a Hab ·burg restoration can hardly be doubted Th followers of Otto have gained recently, bth in prestige and In influenc On November 21 and 22 th annivers: ries of the birth f Otto and the death of Franz-Josef, numerous religious services wer· held throughout the country, and were at tended by large and enthusiastic crowds. Legitimism remains one of the three forces with which the Gov ernment must reckon; it may, at the moment be far rom power bnt it maintains strictly correct, and even friendlv relations with the authorities

The latter possibility, that or sub mission mitigated in some degree by a formal preservation of independence could only be realised if the war should end in compromise The Hungarian3 would then wish to associate themselves as closely as possible with Jtaly

Such a possibility would not be unacceptable to the present Goverrfment. Several means of tightening the bonds of the Italian connection have been discussed in political circles in Budapest: personal union which would leave to Hungary all the attributes of independence, and to Admiral Horth; the dignity of Regent; the election of a Prince of Savov to the throne of St Stephen; or a permanent alliance which would be sealed by the marriage of a Hungarian King to an Italian princess and by comprehensive diplomatic and military conventions

The second of these solutions con templates particularly the Dukes of osta or Bergamo; the third would leave the way open for Otto or for an Archduke of the Hungarian line, or or some third candidate

All this speculation concerns only those who are faithful to the "anes.tral" Constitution of Hungary, the be lievers in the established politica! and social order But there is a popular opposition we do not know whether to say of the right or of the left of the anti-parliamentarians, the totalitarians who place their hope in a Ger man victor, and who would prefer, f the worst comes to the worst to make an alliance with Moscow, rather than to associate themselves with the 'de cadent west

There are the racialists of all shades, the followers of Szalasi, of Hubay, and of the unspeakable Kemeri-Nag, the agitators and mischief-makers whose numbers are increasing through economic depression and the atmos phere of war They swear by Hit!or and no longer swear against Stal'in They group themselves in organisntions which are called "secret'' only by a convention of the police and which may be dissolved today, only to reappear to-morrow in slightly different guise 'Our day will come''the world goes round in the towns and villages The current phrase is an echo of the German phrase about ' Der Tag"

In the same way a picture which bas had a wide circulation in Hungary, showing Major Szalasi peering through the bars of his prison cell, recalls the photograph of Hitler as the pris oer of the Weimar Republic, looking with a nostalgic expression through the win dow of his comfortable gaol, which, before it was confiscated by the police aroused widespread compassion and enthusiasm for the noble victim of his convictions A veritable flood of brochures, political tracts, and illegal and secret periodicals is inundating Hun: gary, and is meeting, alas, with a great deal of success

JEWS

The contrast is most striking between what may be called the legal Hungary and the illegal Hungary The support ers of the Government and the constitutional opposition carry on as if nothing mattered except what takes place inside the splendid Gothic pal ace on the edge of the Danube, where its the elected Parliament There were seventy speakers in the four sittings, which led up to Count (saky's address on November 21 There were debates about pig-breeding, about the bauxite mines about the hemp crop and about housing problems; but vervone knew that in stern realitv the fate of the nation was not being work ed out between those walls There are two questions which can be relied upon always to arouse public opinion, and they are those of agrarian reform and the status of the Jews Here as in all things the Govern ment and the cuntry at large have more moderate views than the racialists and the totalitarians Count Tel ki, like his predecessors, is condemned to wear a cat that ill becomes him He is breaking up the large estates this is to be done in Sub-Carpathian Russia in the near future-but he will not carry out a really radical reform; he will not countenance the complete expropriation of land which the olsheviks of right and left have promised He is sponsoring legislation to control th power of the Jews, but he will not attempt to exterminate them as the Germans and Slovaks have done One example from a thouand will show the sort of situation which half-measures are producing in Hungary Th legisl tion of 1938 and 1939 grants a number of seats in the Chamber of Deputies to the Jews, but ets up separate Jewish curias,' in which only Jews who have been set° tled in Hungary since 1867 may vote In order to enjoy this privilege, candidates have to prove, with the help of documents registered with solicit:rs that al] their ancestors since 1867 have been born in Hungarian territory and that thev themselves have lived there without interruption until 1938, ot until their twentv-sixth or thirtieth birthdavs It is obvious that these requirements lend themselves to every kind of chicanery, and, what is more, that they mean that the right of suffrage can only be obtained by those with considerable financial resources, The result is that out of a Jewisn popuation of a quarter of a mi'in 250 have so far submitted themselves in Budapest as electors

How many of these will gain the great delight of being able to c:st a vote? Is it all worth while? Is it worth the furv of the racialist who cry unceasingly that the Government is too fond of the Jews?

There has been the same unfortunate sort of compromise as regards the Press Formerly the whole of the Hungarian Press from the official 'Pester Lloyd," printed in German, to

PERTH FISHERIES

te Socialist 'Nepszava," from the popular "Est'' to the sober and respectable "Ujsag" from the literary "Pesti Hirlap''all was in the hands of Jews of whom the most powerful suei as M Veszi editor of the 'Psten Lioyd." sat in the Upper Chamber and constituted a fourth power in the land, ranking with the legislature, the executive and the judiciary The power of such a man as Miklos Andor, of the 'Est,'' was tremendous

To day the Government has profited by a series of rather unsavoury financial measures to rid itself of one of the two remaining Jewish Press trusts Az Eet," the "Daily Mirror'' of Budapest, and the "Pesti Hirlap," have been suppressed "Magyarorszag" has been purged of its Jewish control, and will henceforward carry the national name more worthily; "Pester Lloyd" has been less effectively expurgated, for a number of Jews on its staff have snrvived even the replacement of M Veszi by M d'Ottlik You would expect the racialists to be grateful to the Government? Not at all! For the legitimist "Tsti Kurir" and the "8-Orai Ujasg" continue as the voice of the chosen race

PEACEFOR THE PRESENT,

Such a horror cries to Heaven and the fair land of Hungary for vengeance

That fair land in which magnates and priest still grind down the peasants although" the peasants only complain about it when their misery is pointed out to them by disgruntled intellee tuals, briefless barristers, unemployed ivil servants, and others whom econ mic circumstances have left with nothing better to do It is the numeron men of this descriptin who are respon sible for the fact that the position f the established order in Hungary is to-day so precarious. All depends n the caprices of popular humour, on th loyalty of the executive, on the vieissitudes of the European war and on the will and the capacity of German and Russia to engineer a totalitarian revolution in Hungary Fortunately for the Government, Berlin and Moscow both hesitate befor such an extremity, for none can sa whether it would be Germany or Rusia that would gain by it The effect of the gigantic struggle in Europe has een to disturb the peace of Hungary, but the wary and covert mutual suspicion of Germ:ny and Russia is preserving it fr the present at least

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Thursday, February 22, 1940

Archbishop to open Convent Extensions on Sunday

Completion of

On

Convent, Nedlands

extensions to the Loreto Convent, Webster-street, Nedlands

The new building consists of a large new wing, completing the building as originally planned The existing section to which it has been added was built in 1931

The old portion comprises about one-third of the completed buildng The Sisters, in their completed convent have every modern educational facility, spacious, well-lighted rooms, art room, library and science laboratory for senior girls Every provision has been made for all kinds of sport, An important section of the new portion is a large and airy room for the kindergarten pupils Ordinarily the school caters for day students only, but some accommodation is available for children should their parents be travelling and wish to leave them in the care of the Sisters. Students are taken right through from the kindergarten to the Leaving Class, and commercial subjects are also available

The architect for the new building was Mr E Le B Henderson, who also designed the original portion TLe whole of the design is in a domestic treatment of Tudor Gothic architecture and is built in brick, with cement dressings and tiled roof It is a two-store: structure, and along the front of the building runs a concrete paved verandah above it a balconv

Practically the whole of the lower floor of the completed uilding s occupied by class rooms, music rooms,

GOWNS

Broadcast to New Zealand Pius'

Further details are now to hand concerning the Holy Father's radio broaccast on 1st inst to the New Zealand National Eucharistic Congress at We! lington On Men's Night, at the conclusion of the occasional address, the great congregation waited expectantly for a few minutes Following the preliminary announcements, there was a short pause, and then the voice of the announcer from the Vatican City Radio was heard, and in a moment or two the voice of the illustrious Pontiff himself Pius XII came over the air.

Painting Unveiled

At the moment of commencement of the Pope's address, a huge painting of His Holiness, which adorned the front wall of the college, was unveiled and the floodlights turned upon it thus directing the attention of the vast assembly to the personality of him whose voice was simultaneously carried around the world

The broadcast came to the people through 2YA N Z which relayed +he address from Daventry, which in turn rebroadcast the Vatican City radio sta tion

The introductory remarks of the an nouncer at the Vatican Citv station were clearly heard, and a thrill went through the crowd when he announced that His Holiness was at the microphone ready to speak to the people of New Zealand

Unfortunately, although his voice was clear the Pope's broadcast words were not wholly intelligible

When the Pope's voice was first heard the Papal Legate rose from his throne, and his example was followed by all present, who remained standing for the ten minutes of the broadcast

TEXT OF TALK

His Holiness said: "In this year, beloved sons and daughters, when you are celebrating with a Eucharistic Congress the end of the first and the beginning of the second century of Catholic life in New Zealand, We, the Father of the great Catholic family, feel the need in our hearts of dwelling in spirit in your midst and of sharing your joy and raising our voice with yours in thanksgiving to Almighty God

Grateful and joyful thanks to God fill our hearts, as they fill yours, as we see the fruits of your Catholic life your dioceses and parishes and churches and schools and religious houses, your organisations and your works of charitv which have unfolded since the days when that venerable Bishop of the Marist Society, which in the future was to deserve so well as you, landed with his companions

And when we consider how much faith, how much sacrifice and personal holiness, how much patience and love, how much social blessings and cultural work, how muh temporal and above all eternal happiness how much honouring of God is in that Catholic life, then We desire with you to praise God Nature Sings Praise

And the magnificence of your mountain

the loveliness qf your coasts and the

of your forests all join together with Us in

: / .l a ' j + " 4 e,,'' " Fzmi@y9 " gcqtiiij i, .es Risiic ~N9

Church in New Zealand with a Euch stie Congress

"In so doing you announce your Ion ing and your hopes that Almighty G may rule over your whole life over the life of yourselves, over the life of ea n one of you, over your social life, th. t His Spirit His will His work m: guide your destiny that His love ma smooth difficulties among you and he:' the wounds of the past; that His pea may descend upon your life and mere fully protect you from the horrors war ·

You have called the Blessed Virgin to be Queen of your island home, and to-day you consecrate yourselves afresh to Her: commending yourselves to Her mother love, and above all the faith and purity of your youth. May her powerful intercession obtain for you all that your souls and bodies need to be preserved blameless for the coming of Our Lord Jesus Christ

"If there be among you those to whom the love of your common Father goes out in a special way they are the sons and daughters of the Maori peo pie Blessing the Maoris We eseech Almighty God that the second centenary may see them grow in the great family of Almighty God and in the religious life

"Upon the whole Maori people We call down a special blessing from God May they increase in numbers May they enjoy quiet well-being May they acquire a true knowledge of Jesus Christ, and with that faith draw love end true peace into their hearts and into their homes

"We end with the greeting of St Paul: May the grace of Our Lord Jesus Christ and all the charity of God and the communication of the Holy Ghost be with you all' ''As a pledge of the love, the grace and the friendship of God We bless you all your good and worthy Bishops, all your priests and religious, all who labour for the salvation of vour vouth, all the sick and all those in want: and to all of you beloved sons and daughters We give from the fullness of Our heart the Apostolic Blessing"

REDS HAVE A NEW TACTIC

A;LIGHT di::;turlJancc on the Esplanade on Sunday last between members of the 1 W W and the Communist Party led to mutual recrimmatons, 1 which the latter accused the former of being "the tools of Catholic Action "

This local fray, of itself negligible, assumes importance in so far as it is symptomatic of a new Communist tactic which has been adopted "spontaneously" throughout the Commonwealth, and is an import fresh from America, whence also comes the bulk of the printed propaganda and money for the comrades of this country

For the past two years or so the Communist Party has been under instructions to employ the tactic of the outstretched hand " This consisted of persistent appeals to Catholic workers to drop "incidental" differences and to combine with Communists in a common attack on Capitalism and ts abuses (for on this one point alone Catholics and Communists are on common ground) In making this move Communists were not oblivious to the fact that their creed and that of the Catholic Church were radically antithetical But some temporary advantage would accrue to them in so far as their movement would have thus had respectable backing and might have gained a more popular hearing

But Catholic workers, though they might be simple as doves, yet had the wisdom of serpents

Thev knew tha the Communists' plea was simply cajolery and that they would be used by the opportunists for so long as it suited them, and for purposes to which they could not subscribe

They had had timely and eloquent warning of the danger from their common Father, the late Pope Pius XI , in his memorable letter, "Divini Redemptoris "

They gave the Communist out stretched han!' a slash of sound doctrine, and the Reds made less impenetration through this tactic than through any previous onethe "Trojan horse," for example

Now more orders have come from Moscow and the tactic 1s changed The new "correct" line is to attempt to identify Catholic Action with political action, especially where physical violence is employed The Communist press throughout Australia is bent on exciting animosity against Catholics under the pretext of attacking what it imagines to be "Catholic Action " Wherever a Communist me ting s broken p or Communist speakers pilloried, there the Communist press sees the organisation of "Fascist Catholic Action "

The truth of the matter, of course, is that there is a terrific Popular reaction against the party sInce the Soviet-Nazi alliance and the Soviet attack on Poland and Finland

They are quite naturally endeavouring (without much success) to turn the battle in another direction They would save their political face if they could succeed in whipping up some sectarian bitterness There is scarcely any need in a Catholic paper writing for Catholic people, to relute the ludicrous charges about Catholic Action We doubt very much if responsible Communists believe them But for fear that anyone should be deceived. we may state that Catholic Action has a purely spiritual aim By the express command of the Pope, its activities are outside and above all party politics

It, of course, opposes Communsm as does the Church itself It

Carent

studies and exposes Communist theory, but its impact on Communists is purely by way of prayer, reason and persuasion, and never by physical violence or "organised thuggery " Of its nature 1t must condemn these latter methods

The new Communist tactic has been employed with tremendous success in years past in Ru:sia, Spain, Mexico and elsewhere But the common-sense of the Austra lian people will recognise it for the feeble evasion that it is

SUNDAY

THE hardy perennial of "Sabbath Observance" is blooming again, and we lo not find its fragrance any sweeter than in times past Thie inter-Church Committee, representing various Protestant churches, issued a statement during the week on the subject They deplore the increasing commercialising of Sunday So do we, in the sense that it s not permis sible to engage in one's ordinar occupation or even in one's own hobby for gain on the Sabbath, vnless of course, there is grave reason But at beaches, for example, there is real necessity for people to be able to obtain food nl refrehment and we cannot see that any culpability attaches to providing these Indeed, even though the transaction involves money, it might almost be considered a corporal work of mercy

The practice of after-hour trading at hotels is a somewhat different matter In most cases it coul not be claimel that it was strict! necessar' to have alcoholic rinks when other beverages are procurable This abue, howver, arises rom our puritanical icensing laws which leaves brew eries wih monopolies while re

fusing restaurants permission to serve liquor with meals

The inter-Church Committee is perturbed about the growth of organise.l games and amusements on Sunday To this we can see no objection whatever, provided the amusements are lawful and that the religious observance of the Sabbath has been kept The precept of Sunday "rest' does not mean enforced idleness and if people are really refreshed through sport and thus become ] more fit for their daily working tives anl their religious observances, it s amply justified. We see a very real danger of overemphasising the religiosity of Sunday It will tend to confirm the already widely-spread notion that religion is a one-day-a-week affair On Sundav one must eo to church, but Monday to Saturday is "whoopee'' time when one mav have a well-earned holida irom the moral law No one is more anxious than Catholics that the Sabbath should be kept holy, but we can see but little virtue in the Puritan's Sundav It ma be as is claimed, that it has played a part in the culture and advancement of our Empire, but what has it done for the Kingdom of God which is not of this world?

ADVENTISTS

THE annual State Conference of the Seventh Day Adventists which commenced at South Perth during the week, draws attention to a strange sect which had its origins n America during the last century It is but one of a group of six sects which egan as a resul of a religious agitation by one William Miller in 1831 The are all on common ground, however in th common belief in the

near return of Christ in person Interest in prophecy and its fulfilment led their founder, William Miller to announce that Christ would return in the year 1843, and when the prediction failed, Snow one of Miller's disciples, set himself to correct his master's calculations This resulted in the end of the world being fixed for October 22 1844 Their expectancy was, however, again disappointed, and at a conference in the United States in the following year, they affirmed their unshaken faith in the near personal coming of the Son of God, without, however, committing themselves to a definite date This has remained the fundamental point of the Adventist creed ever since

The ex-world president of the sect, addressing a public address in the Town Hall made some curious remarks Discussing the present war in its relation to the Second Coming, he claimed that the present conflict were the times spoken of "by the prophet in the Bible " This evidentlv referred to the words of Our Lord, and it seems odd that people who look forward to His coming should refer to Him merely as the prophet" Again, experience should have taught the Adventists ere this to avoid committing themselves to definite dates for the end of the world Christ clearlv stated that these things were known onlv to His Father And even could we definitely know when these events would occur it could make no conceivable difference to Christian belief or' way of life It might even be described as a "non-essential " Its onlv effect would be to quicken the fervour of the faithful and to compel sinners to repentance through fear It seems an odd basi for a religious faith The Adventist ex-world president went on o claim that Seventh Day Adventists alone kept the commandments of God-a curious claim 'n view of their rejection of a substantial part of the Christian revelation

Thursday, February 22, 1940

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Mary's Mount, Kalamunda

'PHONE

BY

Mary's Mount is a select Boarding School for young boys and is conducted by the Sisters of St Joseph of the Apparition It caters particularlv for the health of its pupils, having its own orchards, gardens and dairy The physical health of the boys is also ensured by the Tennis and Basket Ball Courts, Football Fields and Cricket Pitches, with a beautiful fresh water Swimming Pool -all within the Convent grounds

A special Sports Master and Speech Training Mistress Individual attention given to boys with their study and all branches are catered for including Latin French, Music and Singing affording boys an excellent foundation up to Sub:Junior Standard

EDUCATING FUTURE MOTHERS OF JAPAN.

The arrival of the first Ursuline Nuns at Quebec, within four years of the death of Champlain, founder of the city, was an event the results of which the subsequent history of French Canada can scarcely be over-estimated Here in the far distant days of Bishop Laval, saintly founder of the Ouebec Archdiocese, the Ursulines opened a Convent School, which is the oldest institution for learning for women in Northern America For three centuries the good Sisters have been moulding on Christian lines the characters of the thousands of girls, belonging often to leading French Canadian famiies, who have passed through their class rooms It would be little exaggeration to say that the French Canadian mother, of the more well-to-do classes has been for three hundred vears a product largely of the Ursuline schools Three years ago the first group of Ursuline Nuns left the Mother House of Ouebee fo Japan, where they founded a new establishment at Sendai The Sendai Vicariate is n charge of a French Canadian missionary pre ate, the Most Rev Joseph Lemieux, O P , a native of Ouebec

A new convent is now nearing completion in Sendai When the nuns take possession, they will start school work for the Japanese girls of the upper classes, ot the same lines as in their Canadian homeland Thus on the shores of the Pacific will be renewed the splendid educational traditions of the Ursulines

k k k MISSIONARY SPAIN

In days gone by when Spain was mistress of half the world from Santander, on the Bay of Biscay, sailed many a stately Galleon bound for the new lands beyond the curve of the Atlantie, which the early Conquisitadores by their almost superhuman courage and endurance had won for their Catholic Motherland In times not so far distant, when Cuba was still a Spanish Colony, steamers from San° tander conveyed many a party of emigrants across the broad ocean to Havana The life of the old Cathedral city, towards the middle of the last century of the dockers in its bustling port and of the fisherfolk of the surrounding district, has been immortalised by one of Spain's greatest novelists Jose Maria Pereda born here in 1834.

Five vears after the birth of this distinguished Catholic writer, at San° tona, not far from Santander, was born Father Gerard Villota a priest who exercised no small influence on the spiritual destinies of parts of what was once New Spain,

In Father Villota's veins flowed the blood of old Spanish families, from which in the days of Spain's greatness the Conquistadores had sprung On his mother's side he was descended from Spaniards who had settled several generations in Peru It was consequently in the nature of things that the urgent need of supplying priests for some of the Spanish American ioceses, sadly depleted of clergy, should make a powerful appeal to him Hence, at Burgos, where as Secretary to the Archbishop, he had already successfully organised the Pontifical Soiety for the Propagation of the Faith, Villota founded, in 1899, St Francis Xavier's College known locally as the Colegio de Ultrama with a view to supplying a constant stream of priests for mission work n Spanish-speaking America On his death, ten vears later, he left all his property to this foundation. One hundred years have elapsed since Father Villota's birth at San: tona To-day the Colegio de Ultramar has become not only the Burgos Pontifical Seminary for the Foreign Missions but has been entrusted by the Holy See with the care of a special ecclesiastical territorv in South Amer-

CHINA'S LARGEST PARISH HAS OVER TEN THOUSAND CATHOLICS

mass movement of conversions is taking place in the Vicariate f Hanyang, staffed by the Irish Fathers of St Coluniban Missionary Society The largest return of adult baptisns comes from Changtangkow, which with its 10,554 Catholics is thought to be the largest parish in China at present In 1932 when the present pastor took charge, the total Catholic popu lation was about 1,600 In that year the first signs of the phenmenal mass movement towarl the Church began n that district So rapid was the growth during the next few vears that a division of the parish was made in the fall of 1936 The Mowangstui parish, detached from Changtangkow, has now a total of 5871 C:tholics In the original area o the Changtangkow parish the total of Catholics is now over 16,000, namely ten times that f seven years ago Father Jam s Vallely Pastor of Mowangst:i has had a record of successi' work probably unequalled : China in modern times Durit • the three vears that he has been in charge of the parish, he has seen the Catholic population n crease from 1,601 to 5,871

ica the San Jorge Prefecture, Colombia The rapid development of the B rgos Pontifical Seminary for the Forein Missions dates from 1919, when Benedict XV specially recommended the in° stitution to the care of Cardinal Benioch, whom he had recently promoted from the See of Urgel to that of Burgos Early in 1923 the first missionaries left Burgos for Colombia, where they had been invited to work among the Indians by the Archbishop of Ca.thagena, the Most Rev Peter • Brioschi The year following the Sacred Congregation of the Propaganda erect ed the new Prefecture of San Jorge, out of the territorv detached from the Archdiocese of Carthagena, and placed t in charge of the priests of the Burgos Foreign Mission Society During Father Villota's lifetime men from his own province, like the novel st Jose Maria Pereda and the historian and literary critic, Mendondez Pelayo were amongst the ablest de fenders of the old Catholic traditions f Spain Their opponents, the rationalists and unbelievers of the nineteenth century sowed the seed of the Civil War through which the country has so recently passed To-day the Catholic traditions of Spain are once more honoured These ideals are those that prompted Father Villata to found his Missionary Training College The centenary of his birth falls at a moment when the general atmosphere is most favourable to the cause so close to his heart It cannot be doubted that the Burgos Mission Society will greatly profit by these changed circumstances There is every reason to hope that a new ero of progress and prosperity lies ahead of this missionary organisation

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I#LC&IES OF YCUTH

FONTAINE watched the swaying mass with some amusement

His smile broadened into a grin as he caught sight of his friend, Paul Trout, who was dancing what he fondly maged to be a tox-trot with a girl who was considerably taller than himself Trout was notorious as a dancer An unfortunate lack of rythymie sense caused him to attempt to place his foot on the same location as his partner's at the same point of time The social amenities hung upon the speculative question as to whose foot got there first It was said among his circle of intimates that some girls with whom Trout had danced had never walked again It seemed to Fontaine as he watched that Trout had met his Waterloo His partner had him in a death-like clutch

She piloted him through the paces with a rare decision And if any criticism could be made it would have to be ad mitted that she had a poor sense of direction, Frequently there were collisions, and it seemed to Fontaine that his friend was, at times, in danger of being trampled The girl could hardly be blamed for this It was obviously a defensive tactic- her feet or his And at the moment she was winning all along the line The music ceased and Trout clapped hypocritically But the orchestra would give no more He led the Amazon back to her lair and returned to Fontaine in the foyer He was perspiring liberally and his face was florid, though from exercise or annoyance, it was difficult to say

Had a nice trot," inquired Fontaine, maliciously "Oh, it was all right, but a bit hot," said Trout affecting a nonchalance he was far from feeling 'It's amazing how few girls have any grace in dancing.'

Fontaine laughed "It's amazing what agility they have in avoiding death and destruction from trampling feet," he said, That unfortunate girl you've just been with will probably spend the rest of her days in a bath chair"

Trout received this in inscrutable sil ence He smoked a while and the broke out suddenly:

I don't know that dancing does a chap much good," he said It has its advantages replied Fon taine 'Even if one doesn't like it much, the cial intercourse is good for one For one thing it impedes excessive introspection and helps against the growth of anti-social tendencies"

"Perhaps so But in itself it's completely hateful For one thing, you dance to music that is evil in intention if not in consequence for everyone And, moreover, modern dancing has thrown overboard what is called form' in art, that is to say, there is no definite limitation on what steps should be done to a certain type of music In the old days you had the gavotte the minuet, etc, which were definite forms such as ther are in music But today you may do what you darn well please-ee, because everything's free and easy And this abandonment of the external discipline of form, combined with the sheer spiritual abandon of modern music, is definitely a bad thing It's summed up in the motto: Relax and let yourself go," and that goes for the moral law too"

"Hey hold on! Not so fast!" exclaimed Fontaine, excitedly "Are you aware that many good people indulge In and enjoy dancing? Don't you know that dances are held in our parish halls and attended by Catholic folk who are above reproach How can you engage in such universal recriminations?"

Trout sniffed "T'm not saying there's conscious evil on anyone's part," he replied tartly "I am saying, however that modern dancing and its accompanying music (especially 'hot' rhythm) is an expression of the modern spirit, and that is definitely pagan How can one reasonably enjoy it without entering into its spirit? And to do that is incompatible with the Catholic spirit. Though I will grant you the majority of Catholics don't advert toit perhaps at all yet, I think some Spiritual degeneration sets in in the subconscious mind And heaven knows what repercussions that may have in a cr1SIS, Moreover, you will notice among really good people who enjoy dancing a definite bias in favour of the old-time stuf"

"But, my dear chap," protested Fon taine, "if you are going to debar Catholics from every social intercorse that has a taint of paganism, you are virtually asking them to become hermits or to form isolated communities The whole idea of Catfolie Action is not to get off the sinking ship of civilisation but to keep on balin until effective reDa1rs can be made That's what we

'Thats a very fine ideal," replied Trout, with an expression of supreme misery, "but in practice it involves gr at risks The technique in the days of the filthy old Roman Empire was to get out into the deserts, and it was from there the new civilisation grew when the pagans had killed themselves off by birth-control and other monstrosities This penetration business s an entirely new angle It demands men and women of heroic spiritual calibre If theyre not pretty we'l saints the penetration may be backhanded We've seen enough of that in the leakage through mixed marriage," That's perfectly true," assented Fontaine But there's no reason whv modern Catholics can't be saints In fact, there is ample evidence thac a militant youth minority are determined to become so with God's help And as for the penetration of the milieu there's no argument about th t being the right technique Rome has spoken and the palaver is finished"

Trout looked increasingly disgruntled

He poked at his boiled shirt with a show of savagery "I'm not concerned to controvert the Pope." he said "But I still doubt whether he meant the penetration to go as far as you do It's obvious that it will have limitations, as for instance where public scandal of the weak is involved. And would you mind showing me how I can purge modern dancing of its pagan elements by doing the rumba with the pagans? Why the very intimacy of the thing al most makes compromise impossible It's like the modern film, The only way of self-preservation I can see is by making conscious and frequent internal protests And even that may only be a salve for the conscience " "I think quite a lot could be done to purge dancing of its evil Take our parish dances, for example The or ganisers can, right from the jump, eliminate objectionable music by arrangement with the orchestra There is also a notable lack of that indecent intimacy which characterises many publc dance-halls And you know that one of the chief snags while dancing i t find conversation Well, what a chance that is for propaganda, even if it only consists in criticising dancing (though not your partner's, of course) " "Maybe I'm a pessimist" granted Trout. But I'I! give it a « roviding I don't have to dance with fine strapping girls built on thc lines of a plough-horse."

Right-h," said Fontaine, "here's your chance The orchestra struck up a lilting waltz and the two friends sought partners and moved on to the floor A party of girls on the way home was overheard to remark that "the little fat chap who dances so dreadfully was very talkative to-night, but rather interesting"

AUSTRIAN CARDINAL DOES NOT SPEAKOFTHEWAR

Cardinal Innitzer, Archbishop of Vienna, in a New Year message t his pec pie, does not mention the war His Eminence thanks his diocese for its great generosity in supporting his 500 parishes, 1,000 priests and the seminaries and other property of the diocese "It is a iov for me to direct a diocese which realises that the Church is not only the business of priests and proves bv its acts that the Church is formed by the unity of clergy and faithful,' says the Cardinal "Nothingcould affect the Churchof Viennamorethan this proofofLiving faith, recalling that of the first Christians '' call the penetration of the milieu"

Bishops of Germany Back State, But Seek Peace

The German Bishops, in the various pronouncements they have made since the beginning of the war, do not mention the justice or injustice of Germany's invasion of Poland They deal with a country already at war They look upon it as a war of defence and tell their people that as good Catholics they must support the State and fight if called upon to do so

They deplore the consequences of war and urge their people to pray for a speedy and honourable peace

Their various statements have been gathered by 'La Croix" of Paris Here are some of the more striking sentences:

I

CARDINAL PAULHABER (Mun° ich) "We must not think that God has abandoned the universe By His sovereign power He will bring back light where now there is shadow and thrugh the catastrophe of war will bring salvation to many souls Faith in divine providence is a beam shining in the night of war Do not be blind to its brilliance It is not true that we are thrown beneath the wheels of a blind destiny We are in the hands of Divine Providence"

CARDINAL SCHULTE (Cologne): "At a time like the present we should be a people kneeling in prayer and beg ging God to save us

"The wives whose husbands are at the Front should go to daily Mass whenever possible and receive the Bread of the strong in Holy Communion The fathers and mothers whose sons are serving their country should also seek refreshment at the Holy Table And those who have stayed behind must help with their prayers those who are fighting bravely at the frontier in order that having obtained an honourable victory, they may soon celebrate their happy return home"

ARCHBISHOP KLEIN (Paderborn): "The defence of our country will call for great sacrifices, but if we are asked to give our goods or even our blood I am certain that you will accept these sacrifices with all the confidence, all the devotion, all the strength that are rightly to be expected of our people I am sure that our Catholic soldiers will fulfil their duty towards the fatherland with a complete spirit of obedience Neither do I doubt that those at home, young or old, will carry out their works of charity inspired by a true love for others and that everv day they will offer fervent prayers to God for a speedy and beneficent peace"

THE GERMAN ARMY BISHOP, Mgr Rarkowski: The wounds that you have received during your brave fights for the fatherland are the finest of all marks of honour Your sufferings and your wounds are proofs of the love in vour hearts for vour countrv and vour fellow-countrvmen"

ARCHBISHOP GROEBER (Freiburg):

We who took part in 191418 know what war means We know also what it brought us God alone knows what this new war will have in store I am too closely tied to my people and to my country to greet this war with shouts of joy Yet we are too deeply Christian and too energetic to let ourselves be crushed entirely by the yoke imposed on us by this war 'May this torment pass from our countrv May men not have to shed torrents of tears because of this war May this scourge not steep the whole world in blood Those as our

The grumbler is often more dangerous an enemy than the Frenchman or the Englishman who fights against us

The Almighty sometimes permits injustice in the lives of individuals and of nations, but finally He knows how to change evil into good The German soldier, too, is subject to Divine Power, Recognise that power with all the humility of your faith and serve it without reserve Thinking of God makes a soldier brave and strong. He must therefore have unshakable faith ·

In the economy of war all that is possible is being done to spare the peo ple from a lack of nourishment, Wives and mothers have here a particular task to fulfil. Many German mothers look upon the war as a heavy cross in the spirit of sacrifice and love for their country and their people, and God alone knows how our times, with its difficulties and struggles, breaks the will to live of mothers crowned with sorrow anguish and fear "

BISHOP VON GALEN (Munster):

"The Reich Government has informed the ecclesiastical authorities of Germany what it does not want us to say at present, even in the churches, concerning the situation and the external policy of the fatherland With a lyal wish to observe-as far as permissiblethe urgent prescriptions of those at present charged with the welfare of the nation I will not speak of the anxieties nor of the feeling of love that the country awakens in every German heart, so profoundly shaken

"I know that you all feel the same as ' and that you pray with me that God may bring these events into which we have been plunged to a good end and that He may grant speedily to our country the blessing of peace in honour, liberty and justice Once more a great number of our men and beys ate under arms and are engaged some in a bloody struggle, the others at guard on the frontier All are firmly resolved to protect the fatherland and to earn for our country at the risk of their lives a peace based on liberty and justice"

BISHOP STREATER (Aix la Chapelle): "Wr has begun Those who took part in the other war know what this means They also know what are the first demands of our comntry from the point of view of our duty, of our devotion, of our tenacitv and of our lcve Our suppliant prayers rise to God that His Providence may not abandon us"

CARDINAL BERTRAM (Brelau):

"The fight for the Faith is now more painful than at any period since the last war Now, more than ever, we are daily meeting on our path of life those who deny the true God who suspect the Catholic Church, who treat it as an enemy of the people and of the State

''In these grave days for Germany since the outbreak of hostilities we are thinking of our soldiers plunged into this war and of the future of our contry What I told the men at the beginning of the World War of 1914 I repeat now to the soldiers of our diocese: Be brave Strengthen your hearts, all you who place your confidence in the Lord' Also place yourselves under the motherly protection of Our Lady" most ardent wishes

PERTH, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1940

Rediscovery

A non-Catholic clergyman in the city recently discussed the doctrine of sin, and was reported at length in the Press His exposition of the matter was pleasingly orthodox and a welcome counter-blast to the arid modernism which was constantly given out from the same pulpit some years ago The preacher pointed out how the belief in progressive evolution had caused the doctrine of sin to be watered down to a point where it almost disappeared In consequence the death of Christ and doctrine of the atonement appeared "enormously extravagant" But a reaction had set in, and people were more and more disposed to accept trom the hands of the psvchologists what they had indignantly repudiated from the theologians, although it was the same thing under a new name 'That this is so, is not quite certain True, most of the eminent psychologists have attained to a hazy conviction about some radical flaw in human nature This might approximate to what Christians call Original Sin When the psychologists, however, call it the beasts in the basement,'' the ordinary person might pardonably confuse it (as do some of the specialists) with the "bats in the belfry"

It may be true that psychology has had some share in the restoration of the notion of sin At the same time, it must be noted that whole schools of psychology have attempted to explain away the fact on a mechanical basis This involved the denial of freewill, without which neither sin nor repentance is possible What the preacher failed to observe was the most startling fact of all And that is that the greatest Christian body on earththe Catholic Church-has never in any way departed from the doctrine of sin nor modified to suit the sophistry or abandon of any particular age n history In modern times the Church has seen a terrific cnslaught against the doctrine of sin beginning with the evolutionarv craze Since the evolutionists believed that man was evolving, almost automatically, and in any case inevitably, towards a higher state of being n this world, they had to jettison the doctrine of sin In this case man was the plastic victim of change and sin was ruled out by the blind evolutionary trend of affairs This silly notion has gradually been broken down with historic irony by the fact that the existence of sin has become more and more obvious even to the incipient god-men of evolution

Then came the psychologists of the various materialistic schools, who only propose a narrow variant of the evolutionary theory Man was now the victim not so much of cosmic forces as of mere chemistry and biology They preached a determinism wherein man was constrained to act as he did-though they coul not clearly specify what was the determinant They spoke of the resistance of temptation as "repression'' and "suppression,' as though sublimation had never been heard of They called the concupiscence of the flesh "libido," and the promptings of grace and conscience "inhibitions ' Pride, they re-christened "inferiority complex" The prodigal son was returning home by the back door More recently psychology is moving away from the oldfashioned determinism and at any time now the world may be startled by the discovery of free-will There was also another school which whittled down the doctrine of sin In this group modernist clergymen and liberal professors of philosophy were prominent They destroyed the concept of sin, not directly but none the less surely, by speaking of "sins against society" or of sin as an outrage to the "spirit of man "

The Catholic Church alone has not shifted her ground Sin is a violation of God's law It may also injure society or the individual himself, but in the light of its essential nature these considerations are only incidental and secondary Man, by reason of his creation, is by nature a slave, utterly dependent on his Creator, having no claims against Him God has supreme dominion creating only out of largesse of love Man by sin outrages the majesty of God, disturbs the order of creation, and is false to the law of his own being Hence sin is a monstrosity and of infinite malice against the Creator True, there are degrees of sin depending on the gravity of the matter, the extent of knowledge, and the consent of the will for their culpability But all sin, mortal and venial, has this same fundamental nature of rebellion, malice and ingratitude It is a doctrine essential to the whole plan of Christianity, for it was sin that was the occasion of Christ's redemptive death and subsequently through all time to the end. of the perpetuation of that propitiatory sacrifice in the Mass and the application of its merits through the Sacrament of Penance

St. Patrick's Day, 1940

St Patrick's Day this year will be celebrated in the same manner as was the feast last year The National Concert will be held at the Capitol Theatre on Friday. evening, March 15 On Saturday, March 16, a display by the children of the metropolitan schools will be staged at Gloucester Park

The display will be preceded by )/"Im En2 a sports programme Every ei " cONCERT BY SCHOOL i fort is being made to preserve the CHILDREN ii picnic aspect of the day, a day to i which the children of our schools i The St Patrick's Day celebrawill look forward as their annual # 'ions will include a concert,_to d ca as am ii srccor r " ZR..Z:"." }" a:z' + schools and parents are urged to March 15 The programme wiii m foster this idea, and to co-oper- be presented by children of the BR th th :. k metropolitan convents and boys' ate with te committee in mak- :he ls, d i scools, ant promises to be a ing the celebrations worthy of the most enjoyable entertainment, i day we celebrate and one appropriate to the sigFuller details will appear from nificance of the occasion. ii week to week in the pages of The concert will commence at ii • 8 pm The prices of admis"The Record" All information ZR sion will be 2s to the front • may be obtained from the Secre- a stall and dress circle, and 1s to I tary, St Patrick's Day Commit- the back stalls Seats may be tee, Box A35, GP O, Perth i reserved in the front stalls at 'Phone B9141 Nicholson's, the booking fee ii being ls, making the total j The Committee wish to thank i charge for reserved seats 3s %. Mr Stratton, President of the ju.a.mum.mm .sis.m m Trotting Association, and his committee for their kindness in granting permission for the use of Gloucester Park, notwithstanding the fact that a trotting meeting has been arranged for the evening of March 16

IRISH NATIONAL STEP DANCING

At the sports the Irish National Foresters Benefit Society will conduct (at the request of the Committee) Irish Step Dancing Competitions as below: (a) Periodical Competition, 19391940 series:-22 pm-Irish Hornpipe-Open only to such competitors as are registerwith the Society for the year ending June 30, 1940. Registration cards to be produced Nominations at l pm Fee, ls Grades: Under 10 years, under 13 years, under 16 years, 16 years and over, (b) Irish Jig: Under 10 years, 10 years and under 13 years, 13 years and under 16 years, 16 years and over Open to all comers, except the winners of Irish Horapipe Nomination fee, ls (Nominations will be taken as grades in previous dance are completed) The Irish step dancing will be made a special feature of the day, and will be conducted under standard regulations and conditions For the Irish Jig the regulation requiring registration is being waved as a very special concession, and distinctly only because it is St Patrick's Day By special request of the St Patrick's Day Committee an exhibition dance by the holder of the title of champion Irish National Step Dancer of WA will be given

3

The date of the opening of the new Church at Serpentine, and of the extension to St Joseph's School, Parry-street, Fremantle, was incorrectly stated in our last issue The correct date is March

ARCHBISHOP'S ENGAGEMENTS

February 25: Bless and officially open extensions to Loreto Convent, Nedlands March 3: Bless new Church of St Kevin, Serpentine (10am ) Bless extensions to St Joseph's School Parrv-street, Fremantle (330 pm )

March 10: Bless New Presbytery, Palmyra

DEATH

O'SULLIVAN-Of your charity, pray for the repose of the soul of Sa a, who passed away at Manjimup on February 13, dearly beloved wife of Michael James O'Sullivan, loving mother of Jack, Mary, Mick, Jim, Jule, Pat and Tom R IP. IN MEMORIAM.

BOGUE In loving memory of our dear husband and father, Frederick Aloysius, who passed peacefully away on February 25 1939 Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on his soul

PIANTOIn sad but loving memory of our dear wife and mother, Isabel, who passed away on February 27 1935 R.IP Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on her soul.

Inserted by her sorrowing husband, sons and daughters, Menzies

QUINN-In loving memory of Margaret Quinn, who died February, 1930May her soul rest in peace

Specially inscribed cups for the winners of each grade of the competition, and same will be presented at the an nual competition for title of champion Irish Step Dancer of Western Australia, which will be held on a date to be arranged Jesuit Says Pope Has Unique Power as Peace Maker

Glasgow

The Pope's unique power as a, peaceJ maker was remarked upon by Father Richard Scott, S J., in an address to Catholic students of Glasgow Universityrecently

In many cases the Papacy's efforts in the past to secure peace have succeeded, he said Failure could never he attributed to the lack of knowledge and still less to the want of justice on the part·of the Holy See Greed, selfishness and unwillingness to restore stolen property might be the reasons which prevented the Pope from achieving success

To obtain a Christian peace, men must first of all seek peace with Almi;hty God, for "if you have no religion and no God, you cannot have peace, because the foundation of order and justice is in religion

'The Papacy claims to be and is the sole authentic teacher of Christian moral principles '

"The Papacy has no quarrel with any system of government which a people may choose, but the Papacy is determined that no political system shall take away the natural rights of the individual, the right to freedom of con-

science, the rights of parents the freedom of the family '

"Forwell-nigh2,000 years theChurch has been dealing with all sorts of governmentsandnations Hervastknowledge of human affairs and human naturegivesher auniquepower as a peacemaker; and she has returned to that task time and again with remarkable success,"

Recalling the "mighty efforts" of Pope Benedict XV to bring about peace in the last war, Father Scott urged the students to make a deep study of his peace plans: "they were a masterpiece of diplomacy"

Paying tribute to Pope Pius XII, Father Scott remarked that there is nothing that can be said or done to bring about peace that the Pope will not say or will not do.

"I pray, and hope to see," he said, 'the nations gathered together under the Head of the Catholic Church as the one who holds the clain to be a fair and just judge It may take years to revise all the past history of injustices, but the day ma dawn when all will acknowledge the sincerity and the rights of the Pope as peacemaker''

II LECTURE

At the beginning of this discourse, I am about to make a statement which I know will be vigorously challenged by everyone who does not believe in the Catholic Church But it is one that is nevertheless accepted without question by three hundred and fifty million Catholics the world over The statement is this: that human reasen de mands an infallible Church I repeat it Human Reason demands an Infal1ible Church Liberty or Licence?

Men find the thought of an infallible Church intolerable to their ideas ot liberty only because they fail to understand the true meaning of religicn an l the significance of human freedom They confound liberty with licence Liberty is not the right to_think: an] act as one likes Any policeman wil tell you that if you violate the law It is rather the right to think and act as God made man to think and act, free from the unlawful constraint of his fellow-man

The Cathlic Church does not attempt to constrain the free-will of any man It merely points out with its infallible authority the limits that Gol has placed on human thought and aetion, by the very fact that He create and redeemed mankind And, since these limits have been fixed by His divine decrees, the man who violates them, in doing so runs counter to t! very nature that makes him man

As a matter of fact, there is no institution on earth, either civil or r?ligious, that insists so uncompromisinigly on man's freedom in his re'ationship with God as does the Catholic Church In every century individual Catholics have given their lives in defence of that freedom; and the long line of Catholic martyrs bears ample testimony to the undying struggle fo liberty of conscience that the Catholic Church has waged since the days o the Catacombs; and is still waging today in Germany and Mexico, and quite recently in Spain; and will continue to wage until the end

Since the fulfilment of the whcle purpose of our lives our eternal salvation depends on the proper exercise of hu man thought and action it becomes a matter of supreme importance to each one of us that we should know, and know with certainty how the Creator wishes us to use these powers, how He wishes us to live according to IIis de signs And if Almighty God has revealed, as He has done what our relations with Him should be, what we are to do to save our souls, and vhat we are to avoid then we may reasonatl; expect that He would have placed this certain knowledge within our easy reach

Need of Infallibility

The moral necessity of such a reve!a tion to humanity becomes clrly evident when we know from history the errors that men have fallen into in their unaided search for religious truth Idolatry, pantheism, nature worship, human sacrifice and often gross immoralities in the name of religion are re corded of civilised men and savages alike While the need for the infallible preservation of this revealed truth becomes equally clear when we recall ti2 tendency of man to err, and to pervert truth for his own selfish ends

Men, as we all know, have falsified the records of history, and have interpreted them to suit their own prejudices "Unlearned and unstable," in the words of St Peter in his day, 'thev have wrested even the Scriptures to their own destruction"

Now God's revelation would be utterly worthless to us unless He has, at th> same time, given us some clea; means by which we can know it with c;· tainty, and has preserved' it from tbs false interpretations of men

Contradictory Religions

Besides it is very evident that the multitude of religions professed to-day are in open conflict with one another Buddhism teaches one thing Mahonmedanism another, and Protestantisn still another, all in conflict Nt onlv do these religious systems themselves embody contradictory doctrines but their individual disciples may hold tie most conflicting beliefs Outside cf the Catholic Church it would be impossible to find any two persons who think alike on the fundamentals of religion Protestantism has broken up into more than 300 different sects Sorce of them vaguely accept the doctrine that Jesus Christ was God Oth-rs re ject the divinity of Christ entirely, and regard Him merely as a great re''gious teacher

Martin Luther, the founder of Protestantism believed in the necessity of Sacramental Baptism for salvation, and n the Catholic doctrine of the Real Presence of Jesus Christ in the Eucharist But his present-day followers have practically abandoned both of these doctrines

Believe Infallible

Such is the intellectual morass, such the confusion, into which the theory

Revelation

the Holy Catholic Church" 1n

Large congregations have been present in the on the first two Sunday evenings of Lent, for Benediction and the Lenten lectures delivered Father Dwyer, C SS.R

Cathedral Pontifical by Rev

Last Sunday evening His Grace the Archbishop presided and gave Pontifical Benediction The Rev Father Rafferty was deacon, the Rev Father Donnelly sub-deacon, the Rev Father McGillicuddv stole deacon, and the Rev Father Johnston master of ceremonies

St Marv's Cathedral Choir, conducted by the Rev Father Albert Lynch, gave beautiful renditions of music appropriate to the Lenten season The Lenten prose, "Attende Domine" was sung, the soloists being Master James Hatchett and Master Thomas Kinsella

This hymn-like composition is a piece characteristic of the Lenten season, and is inspired by the feeling towards that season of the early Christians

The words, "Hear us, O Lord, and have mercy, for we have sinned against Thee,' come into the hymn as a refrain, sung between each of the verses The Tantum Ergo was a chant-like melody of the 13th. century

The hymn at the Exposition was St Thomas Aquinas' ever-favourite "Adoro Te Devote " The other hymns sung were all hymns of the Lenten season, excepting the "Faith of Our Fathers," which was sung at the close of Father Dwver's stirring lecture on "Infallible Revelation " · °

of private judgment in religion leads man Without certainty or stability it reduces religion to a mass of vague contradictions and superstitions of the human mind In fact, the most logical devotee of the theory of private judgment is the man who believes in no religion, disregards all moral principles, and observes no law human or divine

The Appeal to Reason

The rational mind of man, when it thinks logically, cannot believe that Almighty God, who has made our eternal happiness depends on our belief in the truths He has revealed, would allow religious truth to be reduced thus to meaningless contradictions, or suffer His revelation to be changed or misinterpreted by the whims and false interpretations of men Surely, it must be obvious to any thinking man that God, who is infinite and unchangeable truth, cannot contradict Himself; and, therefore, we reason that all these conflicting creeds cannot come from God but that there must be somewhere on this earth one revealed religion that has within it all the plenitude of divine Revelation in some way infallibly preserved by Almighty God Himself

It is a silly fallacy to say that one religion is as good as another Falsehood cannot be as good as truth; a religion that has no moral sanctions cannot be as good as one that strengthens the moral convictions of mankind

There can be only one true religion, as there is only one true God, Religion is the science of our relations with God; and there is no more reason for thinking that the Creator has set up a fundamentally different set of relations for each individual than there is to look for changing laws of science Almighty God has established only one set of relations with the universe, and between the phenomena of the universe; and for this reason alone is there stability in human science God has not acted differently with human nature There is not a different religion to suit every human soul any more than there is a different law of gravitation to suit every falling body There can be only one universal religion, true at all times, in all places, and adapted to every mode of human existence In matters of religion, as in any other important concern of life, human reason demands certainty if it can be obtained, and not ignorance or agnosticism We can no more admit guesses in religious science than we can in the science say, of medicine The doctor does not guess when he is called on to save a human life Neither can we permit a religious teacher to guess or theorise when he is called upon to impart the saving truths of religion to human souls

Men may guess about things that are of no consequence, if they wish, but not about so important a matter as the road that leads to Heaven There can be only one road and we must find it f we can We have only one life to live, one death to die; and our eternity depends on how we live and die There is only one chance and it is a fool who would take a risk when certainty is within our reach, The human mind demands certainty in this greatest concern of life It demands a Church that teaches with infallible certaint the saving truths of religion

Catholic Christianity alone, of all the religions of mankind, meets this logical demand of the human mind for a universal religion that at the same time claims to teach infallibly the truths revealed by God. No other religious body even claims to give us that guarantee of its teaching authority, much less to show us the hall-marks of infal libility except the Catholic Church Here we have a striking fact that must arrest the attention of every honest mind in search of truth, a religious organisation that is unique unique in its claim to be the undivided source of truth on earth, unique in its unity of doctrine, unique in its long unbroken history unique in its universality unique, above all, in its claim to be infallible

I must give attention here to the claim of many outside the Catholic Church who assert that the Bible is the only source of infallible revelation, the only rule of faith I will deal with this claim at some length First let me say a word about the origin of the Bible

Origin of Bible.

During the long history of mankind, beginning with the first revelation to Adam, and ending with His own coming on earth, in the person of Jesus Christ, Almighty God has sent inspired teachers, prophets, and apostles into the world He has armed them with the visible credentials of truth miracles and prophecy, so that men might know them and believe And He has inspired some of them to preserve their teaching in writing These writings the Sacred Scriptures as we call them, were collected by the Catholic Church in the 4th century, and by her infallible authority declared authentic and inspired The Book in which these writings are contained we call the Bible from the Greek word "biblion,'' meaning a book Thus the Bible has become the most widely recognised de posit of God's revelation

But vou will remember that, as a matter of historica! fact, the Bible was given to the world and preserved by the Catholic Church

Catholics and the Bible.

The position of the Catholic Church on the Bible is very definite and clear We Catholics believe that the Bible is the Word of God true and inspired in all its parts Every doctrine of faith and morals that God has taught firds vpport in the Bible But Catholics do not admit and with very good rea son, as I shall show you, that the Bible is intended by Almighty God to be our only Rule of Faith Of itself it cannot lead men to divine truth An1 the best proof of this is that there are at present in the world more than 300 Christian sects, all of which claim the Bible as the source of their most conflicting doctrines The Bible is an abtruse and mysterious book It deals with facts and truths otherwise hidden from human eves It s verv difficult to understand It needs an interpreter In fact, because of its supreme importance to us, it needs an infallible interpreter

The Bible can onlv be a Rule of Faith when it is interpreted by a teaching body which Almighty God has authorised to interpret it infallibly In no other wav could we know it was God's revelation

Early Christians Had No Bible,

When the Christian Church was founded there was no Bible as we know it to-day Our Lord wrote nothig He did not tell the Apostles to write He commanded them to go and teach, and He promised them His infallible guidance The Apostles taught the things He commanded But the Gospel was preached and the Church was founded before any of them wrote a single word of the New Testament

The early Christian martyrs who died for their Faith had no Bible for the simple reason that the Church had not yet compiled and published the Bible What rule of faith did the first Christians have at the verv foundation of the Church? What rule of faith did the Christian martyrs have when the amphitheatres of Rome ran red with their blood? Thev had the self-same living, teaching, infallible Roman Catholic Church that we have to-day

There was no infallible rule of faith then, and there is none other now Bible Cannot Be the Sole Rule of Faith.

A rule of faith must be a certain guide, and it must be within the reach of everybody, to know and understand Quite obviously the Bible is not within everybodys reach. If never was, and it never will be Before the discovery f printing, for 1,000 years, from the 4th century to the 14th the Bible could only be circulated through costly MSS, copied by Catholic monks in Catholic monasteries It could not possibly reach every individual Yet it was during these centuries that the Christian religion made its greatest progress and moulded the culture of Eu rope

In spite of the vast sums that are being spent on its distribution to-day, when it can be printed so cheaply, the Bible does not reach everyone How can it be a Rule of Faith for the people who have not the money to buy it or the ability to read it? How can it he a Rule of Faith for the blind and the illiterate? We cannot exclude them from the knowledge of Divine Revelation

Apostles' Creed

For the learned and unlearned alike there is within the Catholic Church the same simple formula of faith that comes down to us from the Apostles twelve short articles known as the "Apostles' Creed'' Every man, woman, and child, no matter how uneducated they may be, can know that simple formula of Christian Faith, while on the other hand, the most learned will find unlimited opportunities for study, in the vast libraries that an infallible Church has built up, in explanation of the fathomless mysteries of each article. In that very Creed itself we find the key that unlocks the treasures of Divine Revelation, when we say, as the Apostles before us said, "I believe in the Holy Catholic Church" It is strange to us, indeed, that so many Christians should continue to recite that simple formula of Christian Faith and fail to grasp the significance of the Apostles' belief in a Catholic Church The Apostles Knew.

The Apostles knew that Jesus Christ had founded a visible teaching Society, a Church, which after they had gone would continue to be His living, infallible voice always guided by the Holy Spirit of Truth The Holy Ghost, Whom the Father will send in My name,'' He had said to them, "will teach you all things and bring all things to your mind whatsoever I have said to you'' And He had promised that the same Holy Spirit would 'abide" with them "forever" (John 14, 16-26)

All the things that Jesus said and did, all the details of God's relationship with man which He revealed, are to be found nowhere else except in the tradition of the Catholic Church Thev are not all in the Bible For that we have the testimony of St John, who says, But there are also many other things which Jesus did which if they were written every one, the world itself, I think, would not contain the books that should be written" (John, 21, 25)

Obviously the simple formula of the Apostles' Creed even the New Testament itself could never be more than a mere outline of all that Tesus revealed In the Catholic Church alone do we find preserved interpreted and explained in all its details the complete Revelation of Christ Credentials of the Church

Men reasonablv ask that the Church which claims to teach infallible truth should provide its divine origin; and the Catholic Church shows us convincing evidence from Scripture and history that it is the identical Church established by Jesus Christ And Jesus Christ is God. In proof of its Apostolic origin, it points to its long, unbroken tradition of faith back to the Creed of the Apostles It is the one true Church, and in proof of its claim it points to its marvellous unity of doctrine and government, as well as to its unique universality Scan the pages of history and it shows itself as the greatest civilising force of all time, in-

FOURTEEN

fluence for good, guardian of morals, moulder of culture And it shows us, too the wounded Hands and Feet oi Jesus Christ, its Founder. It bears His Cross through the centuries and recalls His propheey: "If they have persecuted Me they will also persecute you "

Truth Within Our Reach

The Catholic Church is within easy reach of every human being It is the most universal and best known institu tion in the world It is the most universally respected and loved, and by strange paradox at the same timethe most universally hated and despised It has literally divided mankind Men die for it through loyalty and love; others would destroy it through jealousy and hate Everybody speaks about it and knows its claims, Its enemies cannot ignore it, any more than they could ignore Christ, though they may persecute it as they persecuted Him

The governments of the world must recognise it as they recognise no other religious organisation; and even if they refuse to express their recognition they must nevertheless reckon with it in their policies Men fear its power; they do not understand it, and think it human We Catholics glory in its prestige and power and suffering, becuse we know it to be divine - Within the Catholic Church there is for us the fulness of Divine Revelation and Power There, and there alone, we know that we can learn with certairty the truths that God has taught to man

As a matter of experience the prae tical Catholic knows that the teaching of the Catholic Church satisfy every aspiration of the human heart when they are accepted and followed But, above all, it satisfies the demand of human reason for a religious guide that can prove its claims to have infallible, within its keeping, the fulness of divine truth revealed by Jesus Christ to the world

Let us thank God with grateful hearts that we are Catholics Let us cherish guard jealously, and love the priceless treasure of our Faith Let us strengthen our faith by fervent practice of all its teachings Let us ask God to increase our faith. Let us ask Him for the grace to be loyal to our Holy Mother the Church guardian of His Revelation, and to be faithful to her teachings Faith of our Fathers, Holy Faith, we will be true to thee to death"

"God, the Church and Man"

The following is the list of Special sermons to be preached = by Rev E Dwyer, C SS R., in si Mary's Cathedral during ii Lent:

I. Destiny of Man

IV Christ's Redeeming Sacri- • @ " i is 'Loyalty to Christ and His ii % Church i awaw mama»ii

Nazis

Try

to THE RECORD

Stop

Vatican's the

Barbarity in

Poland

The German Ambassador to the Holy See, Dr Von Bergen, is reported to have made a protest at the Vatican against the broadcasting of the facts of the Nazi persecution of Catholics in German-occupied Poland

Twice at the end of last month the Vatican broadcasts to Poland were heavily jammed when the announcer said that he would describe the persecution

The Italian Catholic newspaper, Av venire'' rejects the German denial of the persecution Catholics," it says, "will prefer in the matter of religious life in Poland the direct evidence of Polish Catholies"

The following extracts from an authentie report of the atrocities commited by the Nazis in Poland are reprinted from the London "Universe": There Is No God."

At Bydgoszez German soldiers and two Nazi commisisoners entered the Franciscan convent and ordered the Sisters to go to the chapel At the altar one of the civilians gave an address in which he said: 'Why pray? If God were to respond to your supplications we would not be here There is no God"

The chaplain was arrested whilst celebrating Mass He was taken to an unknown destination

The superior, a Z2-years:old nun, was maltreated

Sacred Hosts were taken from the ciborium and brought to the superior's sick-bed Under the threat of a revolver she was ordered to consume the Hosts

She complied, but while doing so asked for water It was refused

At Samsieczno a church was plundered bv German soldiers

Sacred Hosts were thrown about and stamped upon, Mass wine and can dles were confiscated Chasubles were rendered useless, and remnants of vestments were hung on the outer doors of the church

The basilica at Gniezno has been closed as dangerous to live in Other churches in the citv are locked the whole week except for two hours on Sundays

For three months all the churches have been closed at Wyrzsk, Szubin, Inowroclaw, Wresnia and Znin

Priests at Znin and Szubin are under

Archbishop Zanin Decorated {mar ii COURSE OF LENTEN m i SERMONS m ii s == m ° = m ii E

arrest at their residences Confessions are heard secretly in the homes of tie people Mass is celebrated secretly Roadside crucifixes and statues honoured for centuries, have been ruined or desecrated

Under various pretexts many priests have been killed These include:

Father Jadrzyk, parish priest of Lechlin, accused of not defending Germans whom the Polish army punished for treachery Father Rolski aged,76, and his curate Father Wladimir Nowicki, of Czezepanowo, in revenge because German spies were shot by Polish soldiers

Father Janke, parish priest of Jaktorowo, whose body was found in a potato field near Gniezno

All the priests left at Bydgoszcz and Gniezno are wearing lay clothes because their priestly garb exposes them to ridicule and arrest Eighty-nine priests have been sent to the concentration camp at Gora Grupa Harnessed to Wagon Father Chojnacki, prefect of the High School at Neklo, was· arrested whilst hearing confessions He was harnessed to a wagon and for a day was made to transport coal for some Germans Afterwards he was sent into captivity Redemptorist priests at Torun, in the diocese of Chelma, were held captive in a synagogue There they had to un dress and wash corpses

The Salesian novitiate has been closed down Franciscan priests have been driven out of Gniezno

The monastery and school of the Holy Ghost Congregation at Bydgosxcz have been transformed into a German police station

Twenty-two convents of the bethan Sisters have been seized were given ten minutes to leave, hospital of the Sisters of Mercy

ElizaNuns

The of St

Holy Father spends 45 minutes in midst of Throng at Vatican Audience

Rome

After giving an address recently to 300 newly-married couples and 1000 other persons at a general audience, the Holy Father spent three-quarters of an hour walking amongst the people in the hall

They pressed about him, seizing his hand and kissing it and his ring Several times His Holiness stopped to speak to little groups and individuals who had managed to get near him in the throng '

His Holiness advised the newly-weds to keep up the good old Roman custom of going to pray at the tomb of St Peter after the wedding ceremony

THIRD CANONISATION AT PEN

TECOST

The canonisation cause of BI Eliza-

beth Bichier des Anges, who was beatified in May, 19834, made a further step towards its final stage when at a meeting of the S Congregation of Rites the two miracles proposed for her canonisation were discussed

The Cardinals, consultors, and oficials gave their opinions on the miracles, and before long a meeting will be held in the presence of the Holy Father when a vote will be taken on these miracles

If the Holy Father then declares the issue favourable, the cause will be virtually finished, and in that case the canonisation may be expected together with those of Bl Gemma Galgani and BL Marie Pelletier, which will most probably be held about Pentecost Sunday

The celebration by the Noble Guard of the feast of their patron saint St Sebastian, received added solemnity this year through the investiture by Cardinal Maglione of the Commandant, Prince Francesco Chigi Albani della Rovere, with the insignia of the Supreme Order of Christ recenly conferred upon him by the Holy Father The Guard attended Mass in the chapel of the Countess Matilda, in the Vatican Gardens The celebrant was their chaplain, Mgr Mella, Maestro di Camera to His Holiness

At the end of Mass Cardinal Maglione came to the chapel with his court to perform the investiture Prince Francesco had as his sponsors his broher Prince Ludovico, and Prince Alexander Ruspoli, Master of the Sacred Hospice, both of whom already belong to the Supreme Order of Christ

BLESSING OF THE LAMBS

Vincent de Paul at Poznan has been seized, and six of their convents in the Cracow province have been closed down

The Servants of Mary have lost seven convents Some of these nuns, with T0 orphans, were transferred from Gdynia to a village near Mordy, between Warsaw and Siedlce Here they were accommodated in a school building whose windows had all been smashed They were left without food and heat

Among the thousands of laity killed «ere leaders in Catholic Action One of these was M. Potworowski, general secretary of Catholic Action. Young scouts were shot by machine guns on the threshold of the church at Bydgoszez

The diocese of Pelplin has lost most of its priests through arrests Sone of the priests have been slain Two of these, Father Litweski and Canon Turzynski were killed in the marketplace

The Auxiliary Bishop at Pelplin has been arrested

One in three of the priests of the Katowice diocese were arrested immediately after the arrival of the Germans They were interned or impri soned In prison they have been de-. tained for weeks in dark cells, depriv ed of breviary and rosary In the concentration camp at Troppau priests were accommodated, with Jews, on straw swarming with sects Some were buffeted by the guards until they were unconscious Wounds inflicted at the camp were drenched with salt water

"Atheistic Hatred"

At Wloclawek nearly all the clergy, with Bishop Zozal, are confined in the prison chapel The churches are hut down

In Lublin all the clergy and the two Bishops have been imprisoned in consequence of riots on the part of the Catholic University students

The Nazis offered Bishop Fulman his freedom, but he refused to leave unless his clergy were released,

The official report declares that the Germans "systematically destroy Catholicism and Polish traditins with atheistic hatred

"The entire extinction of the Catholic Church in Poland is imminent, and for the Polish nation death awaits through famine."

Racing Selections

By 'Thie Hawk

HELENA VALE

Saturday, February 24, 1940

Kalamunda Plate: Lady Tourist, 1; Philock, 2; Wisbech, 3 Kalamunda Purse: Hinda, 1; Trehint, 2; St Omer, 3 Bellevue Maiden: Lompian 1; Yedrion, 2; Giglock, 3 Helene Handicap: Graymoor, 1; Seranto 2; Owlet 3 Trial Stakes: Miss Sphinx 1; Black Eagle, 2; Kaunui, 3. Greenmount Welter: Gusto, 1; St Omer 2; Sea Hare 3

Trotting Selections

RICHMOND PARK, FREMANTLE

Saturday, February 24, 1940

Welcome Handicap Real Lou 1; Contact, 2; Casatar, 3 Spearwood Handicap: Mill Adonis, 1; Royal Gus, 2; Marquis d'Or, 3 February Handicap: Nan Way, 1; Idol's Son, 2; Vida Stretta, 3 Fremantle Handicap: Belalie, 1; Kay Francis 2; Alfred's Double, 3 Jandakot Handicap: Pleasant Boy, 1; Lord Orish, 2; Realm Queen, 3 Farewell Handicap: Black Judy, 1; Lady Patsy 2; Pleasant Surprise, 3

It is a, reward for

A Above: The

The same order was conferred some time back upon the

The feasts of SS Sebastian and Agnes Martyrs brought large crowds to their churches in Rome and at the Catacombs At the Church of St Agnes, on the Via Nomentana, lambs were blessed at High Mass The lambs were taken to the Vatican and presented to the Holy Father by one of the judges of the Rota Later they were consigned to the Benedictine nuns at Santa Cecilia in Trastevere, where thev will be reared and later shornFrom their woolthenuns will weave the cloth for the pallium worn by Archbishops

RELIGION PILLAR OF CIVILISATION, SAYS MADAME CHANG KAI-SHEK.

Hongkong

An appeal to uphold religion to prevent the doom of civilisation and revive standards f international honour and righteousness was made by Madame Chang Kai-shek, in a broadcast message from Chungking to the "Herald-Tribune'' Forum of American Wo men

Men have worshipped at the shrines of Expediency and Mammon, instead of kneeling in contrite supplication to Almighty God, This, in the opirion of Madame Chank K i-shek, is the root cause of the trouble! of the world today 'Yet," she continued, "reiigion on which the doors of diplomaey seemed to have been slammed is the main pillar of civilisation Without it there can be no international righteousness, no justice, no common decenev, no guaranteeing of the honouring of the pledged word. Without religion no state can long endure That should now be clear enough If religious feelings beat in the hearts of wculd-be destroyers, there would be no destruction Ii religious principles governed al! treaty makers there would be no treaty breakers

When national consciousness and in dividual consciousness are developed through belief in religion, when religion is accepted as the central pivot and movitating force of life and conduct, then the doom of civilisation mav be averted, but not until then

Shenton Park

Holy Name Society.

The annual election of officers for the executive of the Shenton Park Holy Name Society was held recently and results as follows: President: Mr D O'Brien (re-elected); vice-president, Mr P Hackett; secretary, Mr F Beard: treasurer Mp K. Sheridan (re.elected); councillors, Messrs B Jones, A, Pearce, W Robinson, and J Forrestal

In the junior division Master D O'Brien was nominated president for the second time

We regret to announce that two of the branch members, viz., Mr Quinn and Mr J Letcher, have recently been ill, but sincerely wish them a speedy recovery

Personal

Miss Enda Bryan, of the Home of Peace nursing staff was united in mat rmony to Mr Leonard Abbot, of Leederville, at St, Aloysius' Church, on Saturday, February 17 Congratulations and best wishes'

Mr George Carr of Derby-road, endered St John's on Mondav last to unergo an operation

Mr W Kelly, of Dumbleyung, died [gently in St John of God Hospital, !biaco after a serious operation To }S Sorrowing relations both in Shenon Park, Dumblevung. and elsewhere

We te a ' R ex end our prayerful sympathy

IP ·

Miss Eileen McClure and Mr Murray awson of Dumbleyung were married in Sh ·· ,,enton Park on Saturday Februry 10 Best of luck for the future!

It's Too Late Now " By A, A Milr e

This book A A Milne's autobi graphy, recently published by Methuen and Co, Ltd, Lor.don, comes to us with all the usual Milne charm

No one has a more nlividual ana unmistakable style than \ A Milne though it would be rd to sa what characterises it Vo1 av hv lee acquainted with the aahcr though his dramatic works Jr F • ses By," and otbe;s, r ou may have come to love him through the medium of dear old "Winnie the Poon" and Christopher Robin,'' but in any case, you will enjoy reading about Milne himself

Just as we met "Winnie the Pooh" for the first time as he came downstairs bump! bump! bump! on the back of his head (the only way he knew of coming downstairs), now we meet young Alan Milne the good little bad boy of the family youngest son of three In his autobiography he refers to these early years as the Little Lord Fauntleroy days" because of the blue eves and flaxen hair the velvet suits and lace collars

His long flaxen curls seem to havs worried him a great deal "There vvas a music hall song in those days," he writes "whose refrain was the simple exhortation, Get your hair cut' It is possible that an accidental sight of me inspired it."

The most charming incidents in the book have to do with Alan himself and his brother Ken dear old Ken who had his "private right of entry into everybody's heart" They went every· where, did everything together, but Alan, though younger excelled poor old Ken at most things When they were both grown up, and A A Milne first struck success at writing, Ken wrote to him: "Whatever I did, yo did a little better or a ittle sooner And so it went on Even after all this I could still tell myself that I had one thing left I should always be the writer of the family And now you have taken that, too Well, damn you, I suppose I must forgive you My head is bloodv but unbowed I have got a new frock coat and you can go to the devil Yours stiffly, Ken."

In his introduction Milne writes that when he reads the biography of a wellknown man it is the first half of it

A A. Milne: "It's Too Late Now" ,

which holds his attention. You will find that it is the first part of this book which holds yours,, too, though there isn't one dull page throughout "I have enjoyed looking back on the past," he writes, "and if others now find enjoyment in looking over my shoulder, I am as glad as my publishers willbe" But he insists that it s his party, not ours You won't think so though His whimsicalities will keep you smiling right up to the last page of the book

P M T

'Live and Kicking Ned " By John Masefield (William Heinemann'

A red-blooded, thrilling tale of pirat s, slave-traders massacres, and hidden tribes by the poet laureate

It is the second of an intended trilogy concerning the life and adventures of Dr Eward Mansell whose hanging and subsequent resuscitation were told in a previous novel, "The Tale of Dead Ned."

Several nteresting and well developed characters are presented especially among those aboard the "Albicore''-a slaver trading along the coast of "Dead Ned" (central West Africa)

The hero's adventures among the lest tribe of the Kranois appear just a little dragged out, and the reader is inclined to wait impatiently for a denouement' which never actuallv eventuates namelv, the use of the firearms which Dr Mansell has with him

With the return to England interest is once more revived and carried right to the end

n unexpected book from a poet's pen, but most readable; it demonstrates the versatilitv of the authorL IG

Recent Library Additions

John Masefield: 'Live and Kicking Ned."

Hanfrev Jordan Anchor Comes Back." Sea Way Only"

J B Priestley: "Let the People Sing"

Victor Canning "Fountain Imn' Travel

Charles Barrett: "Koonwarra"

Douglas Reed: "Insanity Fair" 'Dis.grace Abounding'' Biography

Collie Knok: It Might Have Been

You

books at the lowest cost you will not better the Chesterton Book Shop We will a! procure new books for those who order them The cost is no more than vvhat is paid for the same books at other shops in Perth

Following is the full official text cf the Holy Father's reply to President Rcosevelt's message in which he announced that he was sending Mr Myron Taylor as his personal ambassador to the Holy See

THE memorable message that Your Excellency was pleased to have forwarded to Us on the eve of the holy feast of Christmas brightened with a ray of consolation hope nd confidence the suffering, the heartrending fear and bitterness of peoples atght up in the vortex of war For this, all rightminded men have paid you the spontaneous tribute of their sincere gratitude

We have been deeply moved by the noble thought contained in your note in which the spirit of Christmas and he desire to see it applied to the great human problems have found such eloquent expression: and fully persuaded of its extraordinary importance We ost no time in communicating it to the distinguished gathering present that very morning in the Consistorial Hall of this Apostolic Vatican Palace soi mnly expressing before the world, Catholic and non-Catholic alike, Our appreciation of this courageous document inspired by a far-seeing statesmanship and a profound human sympathy Hopes of the Peoples.

MR MYRON TAYLOR

FRANCE GIVES HIGH HONOUR TO NUN WHO DIED FOR CHILDREN

London

A French nun who died while saving the lives of school childhen in her charge has been posthumously grented the Order of the Nation one of the highest honours given for heroism n France

The Evening Standard" Paris Correspondent states that Sister Ignace Andre (Catherine Wenner) gave a magnificent example of coolness in a conv nt of he Moselle region when an airplane fell in flames end set fire to the school

Thgh badly burned Sister Ignace 1cscucd all the children and later returned to her room for dressings from her first-aid box She died from her burns

We have been particularly impress-· e bv one characteristic feature of your excellent message: the vital spiritual contact with the thoughts and the feelings, the hopes and the aspirations of the masses of the people of those classes namely on whom more than others and in measure never felt before weighs the burden of sorrow and sacrifice mposed by the present restess and tempestuous hour

Also for this reason none perhaps better than We can understand the meanIng, the revealing power and the warmth of feeling manifest in this act f Your Excellency In fact Our own daily experience tells Us of the deep-seated yearning for peace that fills the hearts of the common people In the measure that the war with its lirect and indirect repercussions spreads: and the more economic, social and family life is forcibly wrenched from its normal bases by the continuation of the war and is forced along the wav of sacrifice and every kind of privation the bitter need of which is not always plain to all: so much the more

to for single pieces or groups, from statuette to larger than life size Our com- Order prehensive showroom display awaits your inspection

n West Perth Te 1 Bn1138

intense is the longing for peace that pervades the hearts of men and their determination to find and to apply the means that lead to peace When that day dawnsand We would like to hope that it is not too far distanton which the roar of battle will lapse into silence and there will arise the possibility of establishing a true and sound peace dictated by the principles of justice and equity only he will be able to discern the path that should be followed who unites with high political power a clear understanding of the voices of humanity along with a sincere reverence for the divine precepts of life as found in the gospel of Christ

Obstacles to Peace

Onlv men of much moral stature will be able to create the peace that will compensate for the incalculable sacrifices of this war and clear the way for a comity of nations fair to all ethicacious and sustained bv mutual confidence ° We are fullv aware of how stubborn the obstacles are that stand in the way of attaining this goal and how they become dailv more difficult to surmount

And if the friends of peace do not wish their labours to be in vain they should visualise distinctly the seriousess of these obstacles and the consequently slight probability of immediate success so long as the present state of the opposing forces remains essentially unchanged

As Vicar on earth of the Prince oi Peace, from the first days of Our Pontificate We have dedicated Our efforts and Our solicitude to the purpose of maintaining peace and afterwards of re-establishing it,

Heedless of momentary lack of success and of the difficulties involved, We are continuing to follow along the path marked out for us by Our Apostolic mission

As We walk this path, often rough and thorny, the echo which reaches us from countless souls both within and outside the Church together with the consciousness of duty done, is for Us abundant and consoling reward Exemplary Act.

And now that in this hour of worldwide pain and misgiving the Chief Magistrate of the great North American Federation, under the spell of the holy night of Christmas, should have taken such a prominent place in the vanguard of those who would promote peace and generously succour the vietims of the war bespeaks a providen tia! help which we acknowledge It is an exemplary act of fraternal and hearty solidarity against the chilling breath of aggressive and deadly Godless and anti-Christian tendencies that threaten to dry up the fountain hence civilisation has come and drawn its strength

In such circumstances We shall find a special satisfaction as We have already informed Your Excellency in according all the honour due to his wellknown qualifications and to the dignity of his mportant mission to the representative who is to be sent to us as the faithful interpreter of vour mind regarding the procuring of peace end the alleviations of sufferings conemuent upon the war

Thursday, February 22, 1940

WHERE THE GOOD HATS ARE RIGHT IN THE CENTRE

Cogan's are pleased to offer the convenience of Lay-by Buying to those Men who might wish to adopt this help in stocking up their wardrobes before prices rise The possibility of securing undoubted quality" at present prices should appeal to every discriminating man-the Lay-by is Cogan's way of Helping

Hats to suit every man, and the way he wears it Hats from England, Australia, and America Hats that are the newest and smartest Hats that represent the utmost in value-in short - The very hat that you want is at Cogan's

Recalling with keen joy the pleasant memories left Us after Our unforget table visit to your great nation, and living over again the sincere pleasure that personal acquaintance with Your Excellency brought Us, We express in turn Our fervent prayer for the prosperity of Your Excellency and of all the people of the United Sates Given at Rome at St Peter's the 7th day of January, 1940 eht,fistrremfwy Our Pontificate • PIUS PP XII

ANTI-GODS TO SPEND £300,000 ON PROPAGANDA IN POLAND

London

The central bureau at Moscow of the Soviet Association of the Godless has made a grant of three million roubles about £300,000 for anti-religious propaganda in Russian-occupied Poland, states the Fournier Agency quoted in La Croix,'' of Paris The bureau has ordered the follow ing policy to be adopted by ts members in that region: All churches and ecclesiastical establishments in the occupied territory to bo closed immediately: Priests and other religious ministers to be ordered to stop their spiritual work; Al1 ecclesiastical property to be con fiscated; Godless sections to be started as soon es and wherever possible; An atheistic newspaper in Polish to be issued; The Soviet radio station in the area to be used for atneistic propaganda

4d The znnual Holy Communion break fast of the Holy Name Societies of the Goldfields will be held this year in the School Hall, at Boulder. This import ant event is being arranged for March 10 The councils of the Holy Name Society of St Mary's and AI! Hallows have the arrangements well in han! and they hope to assemble all the Ca tholic men of the Goldfields The earnest co-operation of al! members of the Holy Name Society is requested + make this function an utstanding suecess. Members will assist the organisers very much by procuring their tickets from prefects and officers as so0 as possible AII Hallos' Tenis Cub Al! members and intending members are requested to attend the annual meeting of the club on Sunday Febra ary 25, in the Schoo! Room, at 8.15 p.m The following items will be dis ctssed by all present (1) Presentation of balance sheet for 1939, (2) Election of officers for the 1940 season; (3), Easter trip to Perth for annual Catholice Tennis Carnival and appointment of manager; (4), Re-colasing courts' and report by committee Members are reminded that club fes are now due, and should be paid prior to March 17

CATHOLIC TENNIS ASSOCIATION

By "RON " Summer Shield

The Summer Shield Compet'ton was brought to a successf:] conclusion n Sunday last, with the playing of :'ie finals in the various grales The fin 1 of the 'A" division was con-sted ty St Kevin' and St Mary's ad afer an enjoyable tussle, resulted in a fine victory for the former by I2 sets to 4 St. Kevin's therefore rained unbeaten in the competition The finalists in the B' division were Cumba and Highgate and after a keen and very exciting contet, Columb were sn cess:l in winning the shield for t-e second year in succession St Kev'n's a d Highgate were pitted against c: ch ot!:or in the C" Grade final Tn's prove l to be very one-sided, the hr'er wning by 15 sets to 1 The final resulted as follows: A Grade: St Kevin's, 12 cts 80 games, beat St Mary's. 4 sets 56 games "B" Grade: Colum!a, 9 sets beat Highgate, 7 sets "C" Grade: Highgate, 15 sets 91 games, beat St Kevin's, 1 set 41 games Important Clubs' affiliation fees, together with members' capitation fees, are due to be in the secretary's hands by March I All club secretaries are requested to take notice of this fact

Tit-Bits of Interest

Arrangements are well in hand re the annual country carnival The executive are, however, still awaiting plies from some country clubs as to ntention of competing The first council meeting of the Association took place in the new headquarters in Bacton House last Friday All members expressed satisfaction at the Association rooms

Congratulations are extended to Mr Roy Forbes in his election as the new secretary of the Theresian Club Highgate Club

Members of the above club are reminded that the annual general meeting will be held in the Parish Hall, Horold-street, on Tuesday next, 27th inst at 8 15 p m All members are asked to make a special effort to be present Ned.lands Club

At the general meeting on last Monday evening Mr Harold Gwvnn was elected to the position of secretarv succeeding Miss Marv Farrell in that position An attempt will be made to spread the work of the club more evenly among members

General Meeting on February 29. The annual general meeting of the Old Aquinians' Association will be held at Hotel Esplanade on Thursday next, February 29, at 8 pm. As election of officers for the forth coming year will take place, and the programme for the year arranged, it is desirous that a full attendance f mer bers be present

LATE MRS KATE GLYNN

Much sympathy was expressed from many quarters when it was learnt that a well-known and greatly respected resident of Subiaco in the person of Mrs Kate Glynn, wife of Patrick Glynn, and mother of Mary and Pat, of Salvadoroad, has passed to her eternal reward

Her death, peaceful and in all truth, beautiful, took place in the presence of her sorrowing husband and children on Sunday afternoon, February 11, at St John of God Hospital

The deceased was born in 1885 at Tooraee Ballyhaunis Co. Mayo Ireland, of parents remarkable for their piety, sterling faith, and loyalty to the Church; qualities that were ndeed outstanding in the deceased In 1912, she married Patrick Glynn, and the following year accompanied him to Australia, bringing with her the noble qualities of faith and virtue so characteristie of the sons and daughters of the Gael

She arrived in Australia on March 18 1913, making her home in the West She resided in Subiaco from her arrival till her death, She was not long in her adopted country before she won the love, esteem and respect of all whose privilege it was to come in contact with another of Australia's "Little Irish Mothers."

She had only been a few years in Australia when sorrow came to her truly Christian home God called her two children to Himself Though broken hearted at her loss, still her wonderful resignation t God's holy will asserted itself., Though frail in body and suffering indifferent health and weighed down also by a sorrow that but a few knew of, she had a stout heart and an amazing courage, and stood up to her trials never wavering in her faith and holding steadfastly to all those Christian virtues which mean so much to every true Catholic

She took a lively interest in every thing connected with her parish, religious and social, and it was only her indifferent health that prevented her trom taking a more active part While she was able, she was always present at her Sodality meeting and at the devotions in the church she had loved for the past 26 years

During the past two or three years, the trials and cares of the past that she had borne so patiently, began to take toll of a truly Christian soul Her health began to fail, and in October of last year she entered St John of God's Hospital, where she remained till, n spiteof skilful attention of the medical profession and careful ministrations of the good Sisters, she breathed forth her generous soul into the hands of its Maker.

During her long illness resignation to God's holy will was ever manifest, and all who visited her-priests, nuns, and lay people-were most edified to hear her speak of her resignation to God in her sufferings

Another virtue that was outstanding was her child-like devotion to Our Lady, for whom she evinced a tender and simple love It was not to be wondered then that the one she loved so dearly in life, in sorrow and in joy, would call her home on her own feast day the feast of Our Ladv of Lourdes and we can not but feel that that same Lady of Lourdes presented the soul of Kate Glynn stainless to Him from whom she came over half a century ago.

On Tuesday morning, February 13, her mortal remains were brought to the church she loved so well and served so faithfully, St Joseph's Subiaco, where Requiem Mass was celebrated by'the Right Re Monsignor Fagan, VG The large concourse of people, lay and religious, assembled in the church, was a fitting tribute to the memorv of the deceased and a sincere expression of deepest sympathy to her husband and two children in their great loss The musicduring the Mass was both gnified and appropriate to so solemn an occasion all as it were mingling "Sn with Nature itself to pay fitting ribute to a noble and lovable soul The parish societies, HACBS., Holy Name Society Catholic Young Men's Society and the Children ofMarv were well represented '

At the conclusion of the Mass the final absolution at the catafalque was pronounced by the Right Rev Monignor Fagan, V G after which the funeral cortege which was a very large and representative one, proceeded through a guard of honour of the Children of Mary to the Catholic Cemetery, Karrakatta, where again the Children of Mary, in regalia, as a tribute to the deceased and as an expression of sympathy to her sorrowing dang} ter who is a member of the council of their So dality, preceded the cortege to the graveside

The last prayers at the graveside were read by Rev Fathe Brosnn (Subiace ), assisted by Rev Father Fahey, and her mortal remains were laid to rest side by side with her two children who had pre-deceased her The many beautiful floral wreaths and the numerous messages of condolence received from all parts of the State give evident proof of the esteem in which the leceased was held by her many friends and acquaintances

The passing of such a devoted child of Holy Church removes fron the parish of Subiaco a prominent res dent a loyal and true friend a lovable wife and a devoted and affectionate mother Requiescat in Pace

The chief mourners were: Mr P J, Glynn (husband), Miss Mary Glynn (daughter) Mr Patrick Glynn (son) Mrs M O'Dea and Miss Joan O'Dea

The pall-bearers were: Messrs M Cranley H T Batger J W Wa11 B L. Ryan, A Gee, J McCarthy, V Barnett, and L Mathews

Among those present were: Messrs R A Morris and J W Wall (St Kevin's Tennis Club), P Diviney

the Oregon

DISTRICT BOARD. (Ahern's Ltd), T, Forristal (Subiaco CY MC), C C Wren (representing Oregon Debate Mrs. Zimpel, Mrs Morrison, Misses The Hibernian Society, in winning Zimpel and W Zimpel, Ltd), T Dillon, the Oregon Debating Competition, con A S Cuzens (Sec W Zimpel Ltd ), R ducted by the Pubile Debating League D Lane, F, J Bryant, W A Brown, of Western Austraia, has added one Millar, J McConnell G Corpe, A R more distinction to its record in this Pownall, W S Crowe, P Mooney, E sphere The Society congratulates Dorben H Inglefinger, A C, Porter, A Bros Baker and McGillicuddy of th H Barnett, V G Barnett, A R Bar- District Board, who formed the tear nett, J J Rice, H M Henderson J on this occasion, and records its high Kelly, P Kelly, P Ryan, A Gee H appreciation of their successful effort: Walters W Whitcomb P Martin E Metropolitan Social Council F Campbell, F Kelly, J R Bourke, J A Jones, J Geddes J J Bendon, E C Bro Burrowes presided ove O'Mahony, E O'Reilly, J Kinsella, J meeting, and_delegates represented Di Moran J Lyons, J Fenton, P Me trict Board, Leederville Highgate._ East Namara, J F McCarthy, S Law, J J Victoria Park, Victoria Park Midland Mathews T Byrne, R Smith, L Mat Bayswater,St Patrick's, Subiaco mn' hews; Mesdames AGee, E Millar, E South Perth The council haye deed Mooney, Inglefinger, Forbes, A C Por. ed to hold a river trip n March 8 ter, P Dunning, L Hawkins, P Dono The river trips held this year have van, A O Diggins, N Dwyer, Horsfall, been very enjoyable, so w hope J J Forristal, J Kelly, Maloney, B a large crowd on March 8 Flynn;: Misses P Williamson (HACB The next meeting wi!' be hel! Society) Mary and Madge Kelly N day March 1 Slattery, and Isla Grant

The following wreaths were received From Mrs M Fahertv and H Walters; Harold and Al; A M Bay; Mr and Mrs Barnett and family; Subiaco Catholic Young Men's Club; Mr, and Mrs Bourke and family; Callcot and Downey; The Boys at Bay's; Mr and Mrs Corpe; Iris Julian; St Kevin's Tennis Cub, Subiaco; Mr and Mrs Cuzens; Mr and Mrs A P Gee, Isabel and Geoff The Misses Zimpel; Management of W Zimpel Ltd; Staff of W Zimpel Ltd :Mrs T A Zimpel; Ned; Mrs H B Morrison; Mrs Boland and family; Edna and Nellie; Isla Grant; Bill and Mrs Whitcomb; Mrs Unverdorben; Joe and Mrs O'Dea; Edna and Nellie

The funeral arrangements were car ried out by Messrs Bowra and O'Dea

"Old lonians' Association

A tennis party has been arranged for ex-students of the "OId Ionians" Association, to be held at the Ctho ic Tennis Courts, Dalkeith-rod Ned!ands, on Tuesday February 27 at 7.30 pm A good attendance would be appreciated

A monthly luncheon nas also been arranged for the first Thursday n every month at the Moana Cafe, Hav-street, Perth, at I pm

The Association has decile! to provide a Mass Kit for a chaplain serving with the 2nd AIF, and a direct appeal is made to ex-students for donations Al1 donations to be forwarded to Miss M Gentelli 50 Gravlards-road Claremont

Miss Olive Cowan preside! at the meeting held in Cathedral Hall on Thursday night last Te have decided to store our furniture for the time being and meet at the girls' homes eve y week, Miss Peggy Knox has placed her home at our disposal.on Thursda night, February 22. Her address is 30 Pennant-street North Pert and get there take a No, 2 tram and alight at the terminus The girls are to meet at the terminus at 8 15 p.m- and if anvone should miss the crow1, Pennant street s two streets past the termints e will hold a meetin first and then a social evening

On Thursday, February 29, Miss Sheila Whitely will b hostess Th: address is 22 Packenham-street Mt Lawley No 34 tram' and the gils will meet in the Mavlands trim hed at 8 pm

Members are asked zo keep n close touch with us in orde to know where we will meet, or to watch the notes published in "The Re ord"

For your convenience on either side mummomwm

EIGHTEEN

CA TE RER

Mrs E B O'CONNELL

STIRLING SOCIAL ROOMS, Corner Haz and Milligan Streets, (Upstairs)

ALL CLASSES OF CATERING

'Phone B 3491 Private: B 4940

Phone B 3373

In

CAIIOLI4ICTIN

Newman's Day and

Similar Lay Apostolate

By REV C SCHNEIDER, SJ

IIE writings of the Popes on Catholie Action state that it is a revival of what alreadv existed

If we look back to the days of the Apostles we find that many lay people helped to spread the Gospel But at a time very close to our own, Newman gave his people a plan of campaign which is similar to the lay apostolate of to-day Newman looked to the laity to over come Protestant prejudice He wanted the layman to mix with the nonCatholics of England and to spread among them a better understanding o° the nature of Catholicism But it is obvious that an Englishman who set out to change the opinion of the whole Empire or the whole metropolis o London would be acting as one beating the air Newman counselled sounder tactics He did not care what whole empires might think of him When the people of Birmingham knew him properly they would not believe any false statements in the London press For "the great instrument of propagating mora! truth is personal knowledge" Thus a Catholic of Birmingham can act on Birmingham though he cannot act o1 London."

The plan which s proposed to the lay-apostles of to-day is more specialised The field of action is narrowed in order that the work may be more effective, Men who work in the same profession have a closer bond between them than those who live in the same locality Business brings men to gether oftener, occasions more conversations and give them a deeper under tanding of one another At work, Catholic men will have more opportunities to demonstrate Christian prin ciples by their example and havemore chances to win over others to Christian modes of thought 'In order to bring back to Christ those whole masses of men who have denied Him we must gather and train from amongst their very ranks auxilary soldiers of the Church, men who know their mentality and their aspiretions, nd who can speak to their hearts in a spirit of fraternal charity'' (Quadragesimo Anno)

"Each situation will have its corresponding apostle: the apostles of the workers will be workers; the apostles of the farmers will be farmers; the apostles of the seamen will be seamen; the apostles of the students will be students" (Discourse of Pope Pius XI ) The Pope called the lay-apostles " uxiliary soldiers" Now, bfore oldiets go to war they must learn to fight Lay-apostles need a good understanding of the faith in order to talk about it well Thev will not be able to convince others about things they themselves do not understand New man recognised this in his day and described the type of man he needed for a successful apostolate

IDEAL LAITY

"I want a laity not arrogant, not rash in speech, not disputatious, but men who know their religion who enter into it, who know just where they stand, who know what they hold and what they do not who know their creed so well that they can give an account of it, who know so much of history that they can defend it, I want an inteligent well-instructed laity; I am not denying you are such already; but I mean to be severe and, as one would say exorbitant in my demands I wish you to enlarge your knowledge to cultivate your reason, to get an insight into the relation of truth to truth, to learn to view things as they are, to understand how faith and reason stand to each other, what are the bases and principles of Catholicism, and where Tle the main inconsistencies and absurdities of the Protestant theory"

Ours

Laymen who want to carry on the apostolate today find that the same qualifications are needed The Campicn Society came into existence because some Catholic men realised that they were not intelligent Catholics

About five years ago, eight young men, Catholics, and, for the most part graduates of the Melbourne University, met in a solicitor's room in Melbourne, end, after some frank discussion, came to the melancholy conclusion that thev knew less about their Faith than anv educated man should Though they had progressed at the Universitv in History, in Law, in French, and in I iterature, their knowledge of the Faith had remained what it was when tbev left school They knew the fundamentals of the Christian belief, but they did not appreciate the reasons for those beliefs They knew the Church condemned Birth Control and Communism but they knew not why The plain fact was thatlike many intellectual Catholics of the past decadethey were not interested intellectual!; in the Faith: they were intellectuals and Catholics, not intellectual Catho lies." ("Prelude to CA.," p 7 )

These men formed a study group • remedy this state of affairs Since then the National Secretariate of Ca holie Action has been organised and s preparing many to exercise a comptent apostolate. \ great movemen is starting, the barque of Peter is getting under way, the power of hell shali not prevail against it Thee new energies are stirring in the cause of truth We should have confidence ike that which inspired Newman's fervent words: I have an intense feeling in me as to the power and victoriousness of truth It has a blessing of God upon it Satan himself can but retard its ascendancy he cannot prevent it"

Every member of the Church should be interested in this movement. No Catholic can remain indifferent to men's attitude to Our Lord The success of this work means the saving of the world for the Church and for Jesus Christ If we ask Him to give men the grace to hear His Word He will hear our prayers Every Sunday, and as often as we come before Our King present on the altar, let us ask Him to lead men back to Him If you have been endowed with talent for the apostolate accept the invitation of Christ to help His' cause in the world You can make vour trade or business useful for leading sou!s to Christ Instead of looking on it merely as a means for heaping up money vou can use it to gain treasure in heaven This is the desire of the Popes in promoting the lay apostolate Men are asked to use their business contacts to do Christ's work A business or profession, instead of being something which shuts out thoughts of salvation, will become a means of winning an eternal reward for oneself and for others

HARVEY

MASS TIME TABLE

February 25: Yarloop 8 am; Harvey, 10 am March 3: Harvey, 8 am: Waroona, 10 am March 10: Harvey, 8 am; Yarloop, 10 a m March 17: Waroona, 830 am ; Harvey, 10 am

March 24: Yarloop, 8 a m : Harvey, 10 am March 31: Harvey, 8 a m : Waroona 10 a m April 7: Harvey, 8 am: Yarloop 10 am April 14: Waroona, 8.30 am :; Har vev, 10 am April 21: Yarloop 8 a m.: Harvey 10 am April 28: Harvey, 8 am: Waroona 10 am

BARONESS MANNERHEIM IS A . CATHOLIC

Living Near London

Baroness • Anastasia Mannerhein elder daughter of Field-Marsha! Baron Mannerheim leader of the Finnish forces in their fight against Soviet Rus sia is living near London

She went to England, it is under stcod, when she decided to become a Catholic

A Saint's Humour

St, Francis de Sales, patron of jour-. nalists, did not consider it beneath his dignity to speak humorously even when giving spiritual advice Most of his writings are in the form of letters of spiritual advice and in them he irequently has recourse to humour, recog- nising no doubt its special value in some cases To a spiritual daughter he once wrote: "Ii you get irritated over your own irritability, your irrita tion will be more irritating than the irritant that irritated you"

- BRIGGSHAYES WEDDING

A very pretty wedding was lemn ised n St Joseph's Church Busselton, n Monda January 29 when Miss Dalci Doris Hayes, second daughter of the late Mr and Mrs. H S Haves. of Gtle-street, was united i holy ma rimony with Mr Henry Joseph Bri s, youngest son of Mrs A Briggs and the late Mr H F Briggs, of Claremont The Rev Father C Cunningham celebratd Nuptial Mass Mrs, V Gollan presied at the organ, and Mis Ines Palan ri rendered appropriate hymns T he church wes decorated with dahlias a d greenery

The bride, who was given away y her brother Mr D Haves lool d charming in her bridal gown of wh e angel kin, the heart shaped bodice d full puff sleeves being trimmed w h inlet: of tiny bows. The full fla. ·d skirt fell to form a long train, the U w inlets continuing t the hem line I r misty tulle veil was held in place w h top-knot of forget-me-nots in pas·I shades A mother. of pearl prayer bk was carried, on which rested a sm IL spray of forget-menots and orare blossom with white trailer ribbns

The bridemaid Miss Maisie Hayes, sister of the bride, wore a white fro k of self-patterned organdie which was designed in picture fashion, high puff sieeves, and a slightly shirred bodioe, being trimmed at the square neckline with ruching, from which fell a vev full skirt She wore a turban of tu te in pastel shades and carried a prayer book and small spray of forget-me-nots with trailer ribbons

The train-bearer, little Kave Roone niece of the bride wore a frock of white organdie, a replica of the bridesmaid A Peter Pan hat of ruched tulle in pastel shades completed the picture, The best man was Mr W Mahon

After the ceremony an adjournment was made to the lounge of the Ship Hotel, where about forty guests par took of a sumptuous repast Mrs C J Rooney, sister of the bride received the guests and wore a honev coloured cyrina crepe ensemble with hat to match and carried a navy handbag, on which was pinned a spray of autumn toned flowers She was assisted by Mrs Briggs who chose a frock of floral romain with black accessories and carried on herhand-bag a spray of multi-coloured flowers The Hon W J Mann MLC, presided and toasts appropriate to the occasion were honoured Pride of place on the table was taken by a two-tierred wedding cake, which was a gift from the bridegroom's mother and sister Mr W Roo ney, of Bunbury, pleased those present with the rendering of "Because" After a number of congratulatory telegrams were read the proceedings were terminated by the singing of "Auld Lang Svne

Later the happy couple left on a honeymoon tour of the Great Southern and Goldfelds districts, the bride travelling in a frock of du barry pink em broidered sheer with navy wool georgette edge to edge coat and navy aecessories

STANLEY B JAMES WRITES ON

Proletarian Catholicism

WHATEVER may be our reaction to the dictatorships of the proletariat as exempufied in Russia, there can be no doubt that a change is taking place in society comparable to that which occurred when power passed from the nobility to the middle class

The Great War registered the failure ofi the bourgeoisie to establish a stable civilisation and the wisdom which presides over a history determined that the time had come to call in to the feast the poor and the maimed from the anes and streets of the city The sinster form taken by this social revola1tion must not blind us to the basic faet, but rather lead us to inquire whether it may not be induced to take some more legitimate form

Change Within the Church.

That inquiry is partially answered by a parallel and related revolution which is taking place witnin the Charch Tc speak of a revolution within the Church may so:rd disturb.ng but hough it may effect a chang of theological emphasis, this 1evolutior. is not theological; it 1s like tht which is occurring in the outside weld social "The social bass the Church," says Berdyaev, is changing, and the new one must be formed principally of workers with a minority of intellectuals; no more nobles, no more of the old commereial class The society of the future will be a working society, and the Church will be able to live in accordance therewith as she did with the societies of the past continuing to be the guardian of the eternal truths which she offers to the souls of mankind" Car- dinal Pacelli (sine Pius XII) has said much the same Writing to Cardinal Verdier, Archbishop of Paris, he declared: "In the complexity of the modern world the working classes take on a growing importance, an importance which it would be stupid and unjust to underestimate The extent to which the representatives of labour are penetrated with th principles of the Gospel will decide in large measure the extent to which the society f to-morrw will be Christian."

of which is not in doubt Their unbelief is militant They are determined to re-create our civilisation in accordance with their own philosophy There is no question in their minds as to their right to establish a proletarian dictatorship which will govern the whole sphere of human aitivities down to the smallest detail If it is true, as Berdyaev says, that the social basis 'of the Church' will in the future be formed principally of workers, then we may expect these Catholic workers to respond to the attack of their class with a similarly uncompromising vigour It is that fact which best indicates the character of the future Catholisism We have the authority of Pius XI himself for describing it in these terms: "Anybody" he has said, "should be proud of being a witness of and, to a certain extent an actor in this sublime drama, ir which evil and good have come to grips in a gigantic duel At the present hour no one has the right to take refuge in mediocrity"

Militant Catholic Action.

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Catholic Timidity

It is not only the extent to which Christianity will prevail that this change will determine but also the manner Each las: has its own contribution to make in acrordance with ts special st ndpoint and experience Proletarian Catholicism will have, within the framework f orthodoxy, a character of its own The nature of the change which may be anticipated is too large a subject t be adequately treated here, but ne general observation may be made

The opposition which the Church has had to encount r during the past four hundred years has come from a bourgeois society characteristicall p ne to compromise It doe not repudiat Christianity but offers its own middlclass version ot it ompared with the full-blooded, traditional faith, it is a mediocre and anemic thing, critical rather than creative, evasive as regards crucial questions, hesitating to dogmatise with regard to the supernatural element so robustly affirmed by previous generations and contenting itself with a piety that is decorous rather than passionate The compromising character of the attack determined the nature of the reaction, which was correspondingly half-hearted Protestant criticism has failed to evoke the full force of Catholicism We have sadly to admit that in the countries where that criticism was most articulate the Church instead of displaying a bold initiative, has been on the defensive In particuar it has very largely abandoned to its opponents the field of cultural and social life and entrenched itself as a besieged garrison within the area covered by the performance of its customary rItes So long as it was permitted these, it has not greatly cared to invade the secular sphere or to attempt the Christianisation of intellectual, commercial and industrial activities It is this timidity we are likely to see disappear as a result of the social changes indicated

Working Class Strength

The proletariat lives in the basement of civilisation Its experience has taught 1t to discard the polite veneer by means ot which the bourgeois is in the habit of disguising ugly facts It is not afraid of raw passion and crudely positive affirmation, It cannot b neutral, but must take sides with a definiteness that 1s alarming to the middle-class mentality Its attack on the Faith therefore lacks nothing in dogmatism. If the workers think religion an artificial thing camouflaging capitalism they say so in words and deeds the meaning

In this forecast we are not dependent on unverifiable surmises Symptoms are already manifested which indicate the direction in which we are moving Catholic Action, mobilising the forks of the laity and especially of the workers as for an apostolate, has lifted the siege and released the supernatural forces of the Church for the transformation of society in all its aspects Catholic philosophy, Catholic ideals of culture, Catholic social principles are demanding to be heard with an insistenee that is new Catholic Action means that the garrison which has sheltered itself within the sanctuary has become militant and that its militancy is directed agains the neo-pagan and materialistic standards which have prevaled unchallenged in public and private life The Catholicism of the future will be for the whole man spiritual and physical The piety which was the private cult of the individual unrelated to public life has had its day

A new type of sanctity is making its appearance in the ranks of the workers Its character has been indicated by the Marquis d'Aragon writing in "lackfriars" concerning the members of the Young Christian Workers' movement. "I have met many of these young Catholics," he says, "and have been truck by their frank enthusiasm and their spirit of initiative; but the most touching thing about them is their love of Our Lord and the efforts they are making to have a better knowledge of Himself and of His Life Christ is the model ever before their ·yes, and still more is He in their souls by grace, nd this Divine Presence gives a ms ning to all their thoughts and actions To give an example, here is the answer iven by a Jocist to his chaplain when ked 'How long arte you without thinking of Christ during the da?'

Sometims five minutes' was the answer"

ls factory-hands, miners, mechanics these youths live amid the depressing surroundings of the industrial world and, undismayed by the seeming omnipotence of that regime, have determined to conquer it for Christ I have seen and known them and I am confident that under an uncompromising attack, Catholicism is discovering in them resources which may well make the age that is dawning the most glorious in its history 'I am certain,'' declared His Holiness in the statement already quoted, that this formidable upheaval will see the Church emerging more resplendent and better adapted to modern needs"

ITALY AND SPAIN SEND "ARMS OF CRUSADE' TO FINLAND

Rome

Both Italy and Spain are sending arms and munitions to Finland according to the Catholic evening newspaper, Avvenire,' in a front-page editorial directed against Soviet Russia

When Spain and Italy joined in this anti-Bolshevik crusade, Russia, says the paper, started to do her utmost to halt shipments to Finland by asking Germany not to allow through transit

'The Red Czar no longer sleeps tranquilly but dreams of a vendetta The tyrant of modern Babylon might dare to do anvthing, but the two crusading nations of the Latin seas are firm unshakable and resolved"

General Franco has decreed that the war material left in Spain by Italy shall be sent to Finland because they are "arms of crusade and victory."

With them he sent the words: "You can count on us in the defence of the Roman civilisation."

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Slopping at HICKS

The meeting on Saturday will be at Helena Vale The programme and an early (before the weights) "both-ways'' tip are given below:

Plate: Kaspar Purse: Great Treat Maiden: Yedrion Helena Handicap: Trehint Trial: Astrasign Welter: Bery!dean

THE FUTURITY STAKES

The Futurity Stakes 7 furlongs will be decided on Saturday Ajax, carrying the big weight of 10s 7lb, will be severely tested He has already won this race twice In 1922 the WA horse, Eurythmie, won the Futurity with 10st 7lb,, and the following year was second with the same weight The winner should be High Caste

FOR ALL CLASSES OF CARRYINGDUNC. WATSON

Cnr Wilson and Egan Sts. Kalgoorlie. Phone: K383 Racing

See "The Hawk's" Selections for Racing and Trotting elsewhere in this issue

YOUNG JOCKEYS

In an English paper the question of allowing very young riders to take part in races has recently been discussed by correspondents many of whom were opposed to the idea of allowing anyone under 16 to participate in a race

During the discussion it came out that a jockey as young as twelve had won important races in England many years ago This was claimed as a record but Sydney trainer W Kelso beat that, as he was 1l years 8 montls old when in 1882 he won the Sydnev Tatersall's Club in Lord Orville, and saddling up again the same afternoon, he won again

Trotting

On Saturday there will be a meeting at Richmond Park Fremantle Special trains and trams have been arranged for, and a successful meeting is as sured

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By "RECORDER."

The games against South Australia were big successes in every way though the crowds might have been larger

However, the W A CA will show a handsome profit on its enterprise

Don Bradman was seen at his very best and his list of centuries advances to 92 in first-class cricket

The remaining batsmen were little, if any, superior to the locals, while their attack was not impressive, lacking as It did a fast bowler

Our form was good, and the locals have now shown that they are worthy opponents of the Eastern States' teams McGill did well in attack and when batting, while the captain, Mervyn Inverarity, batted really well, probably the best for WA

The fielding of the locals was patchy In one department the visitors were easily ahead of their opponents, and that was n the running between wickets

During the recent State matches, many items of interest were discussed by various knots of spectators and quite a few of these discussions centred about the rules and their interpretations One that was discussed was Rule 39, which reads: In case any substitute shall be allowed to run between wickets the striker may be run out, if either he or his substitute he out of his ground Ii the striker be out of his ground while the ball is in play, that wicket which he has left may be put down and the striker given out although the other batsman may have ma'e good the ground at that end and the striker and his substitute at the other end."

The interpretation of this rule was a bone of contention, It certainly is confusing in ts wording, but mainly so because the distinction between the words striker" and batsman' have not been appreciated If the injured

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Another problem was this: Three runs are being attempted each umpire calls "two short,'' how many runs are scored?

The answer is "two''because the batsmen have changed ends but if it had been four that has been attempted, no run would be scored

Law 25 has a note appendetd: "A batsman would not be out for breaking the wicket, either with his bat or person when in the act of running" But sup pose he did so with intent to gain an unfair advantage A case is on record n which a batsman levelled the wicket to render it more difficult -or, indeed impossibleat that wicket to run his partner out The wicketkeeper had a chance of running one out, but he had no wicket-he had to put up a stump and pull it: out again

There was not time for that

Howwould you, as umpire, deal with such a case?

Very little appears to be known about Arturo Godoy, who gave Joe Louis a great go'' for his title a fortnight ago This was written by an American scribe before the fight: "They are importing Arturo Godoy to fight Louis for the title The Argentine won the South American heavyweight title from Alberto Lovell, after Lovell had beaten him 'I'm warning Louis right now that he is in for the roughest fight of his life Godoy can't punch like Louis, but Godoy is a rougher citizen than Galento ever dared to be What's more. Godoy twice out-roughed and whipped Galento, so it's easy to see that they haven't picked out a m.rshmallow for Joe to crack even though Boxing player is the striker, and he unwittingly runs an odd number of runs, he can be run out, though if his oversight enables him to complete an even number of runs he cannot be so dismissed

Godoy dropped two decisions in his last starts Godoy out-roughed Ga!ento in the six-round semi-final to the Braddock-Louis fight Godoy. if he retains good condition, ill be most annoying He clings, wrestles, and generally makes life miserable for his opponent Joe doesn't ike roughing_any too well When they get rough with Joe, he tries to belt them out-pronto Godoy has a jaw of blue steel No punch seems to halt him He is like a mechanical demon wound up, once the gong sounds There is no such thing as trying to hold lim oft with nice boxing Punches make him furious and when he's going fu!l tilt he's a bad, bad, bad man

Of course Joe will pit-shot him He can't help hitting the fellow, because Godoy never takes a back step, but he has never met a puncher of Joe's stamp Joe might ping him right of the reel in the first round Knowing Godoy is a reputation-buster, a spoiler," Joe will no doubt walk out with th intention of flattening Godoy in the first round If he doesn't there will be woe ahead of him Believe meits not a smart match for Joe."

Which was a very good forecast Joe evidently just won, and the decision in his favour was unpopular with a big portion of the crowd that watched the fight.

oe Louis has successfully defended his title on nine occasionsa record TITLE FIGHT

On next Monday at the Sydney Stadium, Ron Richards will detend his middleweight title against Fred Hennerberry The fight is being billed for "The Empire Championship" Th winner will probably be matched for the world title against Ceferino Garcia FILIPINO FIGHTERS

The Filipinos, as fighters have gained world:wide fame In every class, from the flyweight to the welterweight, they have fought their way into championship contenders but only one until quite recently, had ever reached the top to gain a world crown He was Pancho Villa

To-day there is Ceferino Garcia who is credited with being the hardest hitter of all the Filipinos There was "Snal!" Montana, considered to have been the cleveres of all time while Pete Sarmien o was the rough-house artist of the Filipinos

The first Filipino to show any marked ability at boxing was Paul Gyn, of Manila and he beat all comers in his own country

He was followed by others who displayed average abiliy, but the first Filipino really to draw the attention of the rest of the world to his fighting ability was the ill-fated Dencio Cabanelo, whose career was cut short at it peaka ring tragedy

At the age of 17 he was easily first in his home land, winning over allcomers and taking the feather and lightweight titles of Manila

It was in Sydney in a fight with Bert McCarthy that Denica suffered an injury that brought about his death, and strangely enough Bert McCarthy also lost his life as a result of his fight with Alby Roberts, an aboriginal GREATEST OF ITSKIND

The greatest handicap foot race is

The Stawell Gift, which is decided at Stawell (Victoria) every Easter Monday The first race was decided in 1878, and though many runners from this State have tried to land the big prize-£500only one has succeededDave Strickland in 1897

In 1906 Jack Donaldson who afterwards became the professional world's champion, mad¢ his debut at Stawell

He received 13 verds start, and won his heat and semi-final in convincing style Bacled in the final for a smatl fortune, Donaldson, who was then 20 vears of age, was very anxious to get a good start Ve made a false start and was put back a yard, which cost him the race

Golf

Freak golf matches are quite common in America, and players are always attempting something freakish

Take the case of Cyril Wagner, a professionel who betthat he could get tw 'holes-inone" within twenty-four hours He had six caddies to keep him going and the hole was 121 yards Four hours later, with his 805th stroke, he got a hole in one He had twenty hours in which to repeat that feat, All through the night and next day he kept going, his arms gradually becoming more leaden In all he had 3,094 strokes, but he lost his bet BOBBY LOCKE

Bobby Locke, the South African champion, who was in Australia two years ago, won his first championship at the age of 14, and when he was 17 he won both the Open and Amateur Championships of South Africa On two occasions he was first amateur in the British Open

PEACE OF EUROPE IS INSEPARABLY LINKED WITH ITS CHRIS· TIANITY."

London

"I appeal to every Christian man to do his bit in bringing back Christianity to Europe; for the peace of Europe is nseparably linked to its Christianity," said the Rev Dr William Butterfield in a speech recently at Blackpool

Only in proportion as Christianity is restored can there be true peace," he declared

The Christian, said Dr Butterfield, cannot too easily subscribe to the bulldog tradition of fighting till its enemies are completely at its mercy

"The war can be brought to an end by a negotiated peace, a peace with honour to both sides At the moment this possibility seems very remote to most people. But the Christian must keep it in mind The Pope does, as is clear from his Christian allocu tion

It is not at all clear to me that it is beyond the wit of the world to discover how to deal with Hitlerism without reducing Europe to ruins I know that this view is not a popular view in England at the moment, but it is undoubtedly a Christian view Christian thought and effort," said Dr Butterfield, 'should be directed to something much more important than merely bring the war to an end The end of the war does not necessarily mean the beginning of peace Past experience teaches us that peace does not ecessarily result from victory, from peace treaties, international conferences, signed and sealed agreements. ·

The blame for the present war s largely put at the door of Hitler If there had been no Hitler, there would still have been a war Cast out the true prophet and the false will arise There will always be a Hitler where there is no Christ There will be war where there is no Christianity "

BISHOP WRITES TO 80 OF HIS PRIESTS AT THE FRONT EACH WEEK

Mgr Grente, Bishop of Le Mans, France, writes nearly 80 personal letters each week to his clergy who are serving with the French Forces Some of them are senior seminarists not yet ordained In return, he says he receives a much bigger mail than he has ever received before

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CARTER Manager

Engagements, Marriages, Deaths, In Memoriam, and Bereavement Notices, 3/- an insertion These advertisements must be certified to by some respectable person Reports of Funerals charged for at 2/- per inch single column (about 50 words in one inch)

Weddings, including single column photo blocks, wit' report, 10/6; double column photo blocks, with report, £1/1/-; three column photo blocks, with report, £1/10/- (Reports must be endorsed by parish priest) For Sale, To Let, Situations Wanted and• Vacant, and Board and ' Residence, one insertion (not exceeding 20 words), 1/6 Reduced rate for several insertions

Paragraph Advertisements 9d per line, single column School Results must be covered by letter of authorisation and must be Typewritten or in Block Letters

CONTRACT RATES for general advertising on application to the Advertising Manager

The Management reserve the right to refuse any advertisement it deems objectionable, and accepts no responsibility for any loss sustained from errors which may appear in advertisements

All enquiries concerning Advertisements should be addressed to the ADVERTISING MANAGER, "THE RECORD," 450 HAY STREET PERTH, West Australia

Thursday, February 22, 1940

LITURGICAL CATECHISM

LENT

Q What is the origin of the word Lent?

A Lent comes from an old English word, lenten, meaning springthe season of Lent coinciding with the season of spring

Q What is Lent itself?

\ Lent is a time of preparation for the Christian Pasch

Q What s meant by the Christian Pasch?

A, The Christian Pasch is the commemoration of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection of Our Saviour The three days, Good Friday, Holy Saturday, and Easter Sunday, thus form, in the words of St Augustine, a sacred triduum bound together by the two great realities in the economy of Man's Redemption, viz: the Passion and Re surrection of Christ Christ "by dying hath overcome our (spiritual) death and by rising again hath restored our life (of grace and blessedness)" (the Paschal Preface)

Q How long did that preparation for the Christian Pasch originally last?

A, For a period of forty days from the first Sunday in Lent to Good Friday, the beginning of the Christian Pasch

The Secret of the Mass of the First Sunday in Lent opens with these words: "We solemnly offer the Sacrifice of the beginning of Lent"

Q From what aspect then is Christ viewed in the Paschal Cycle?

A Christ is regarded in the Paschal Cycle in His character as Destroyer of sin and Giver or Source of life eternal.

Q In view of this aspect of Christ, what is the corresponding duty which the liturgy impresses on us?

A We must depart from the ways of sin and by entering into union with Christ receive the life of grace which conducts us to life eternal We must die to sin with Christ upon the Cross that we may rise with Him to a new life of grace on Resurrection morning

Q How is this departure from sin and this union with Christ brought about?

A It was first effected in our baptism when in the language of St Paul were buried with Christ in the font and rose from the font with Him to a new life of grace Lent was the special time of preparation of public sinners for absolution from sina re surrection of the soul from death to life

Q What then is the key to the understanding of the Lenten liturgy?

A, Knowledge of the preparation of the Catechumens for Baptism'on Holy Saturday and of public sinners for absolution on Holy Thursday Th;s twofld preparation impregnates the liturg of the first four weeks of Lent

Q What ot the remaining weeks of Lnt?

A Those are devoted to the manifestation of the growing hatred of the Jews against Our Divine Lord, and to the consideration of His Passion Death and Resurrection.

Q In what did the preparation of the 'atechumens and public sinners consist?

A Th Catechuments had to undergo at first seven, and later on three examinations or scrutinies during the course of Lent; while public sinners, having been first clothed in sackcloth and ashes were formally expelled from the Church and often confined to a monastery Both received instruotins and had to undergo practices of penance

Q In this view of the Lenten liturgy how should th season of Lent be rearded by us?

A Lent should L rgarded as a time of retreat for th whole Christian world, a time for us as for the Catechumens and public sinners, of pra er, fasting and recolletion as far as is onsi: tent with the duties of ur t ti in ife: Hencefrth more sparing let us be Of food, ot words, of sleep, Henceforth beneath a stricter guar ! Th roving sense keep"

(Hymn at Matin

Lenten Regulations, I940

SUMMARY OF THE REGULATIONS FOR FAST AND

ABSTINENCE

1 On FAST days, those bound to fast are allowed one full meal at mid-day or in the evening In addition, they are allowed two light mealsone of about eight ounces, and the other of two or three ounces Any kind of food, and hence even flesh meat, may be used at all three meals provided, at the two small meals the limit of eight and two or three ounces respectively be not exceeded

2 On ABSTINENCE days, flesh meat and meat soup are forbidden

3 Lard and dripping may be used on days of abstinence, provided they be used merely as a condiment or seasoning

• Friday, unless it be a Holiday of Obligation, is a day of abstinence

5 Ash Wednesday and the Fridays in Lent and Ember weeks are days of fast and abstinence

6 Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays in Lent, and the Wednesdays and Saturdays in Quarter Tense are days of fast without abstinence

7 There is no fast or abstinence on Sundays or Holidays of obligation ·

8 St Patrick's Day is exempt from fast; if it falls on a Friday, it is not exempt from the abstinence

9 Those who have completed their seventh year are bound by the law of abstinence

10 Those who have completed their twenty-first year are bound by the law of fasting; they cease to be bound by it when they have begun their sixtieth year

11 Those who are in delicate health or who are engaged in exhausting work, are not bound to fast Of course, those who are seriously ill are not bound by either fast or abstinence

12 On the days mentioned in No. 6, those who are not bound to fast are not limited by the law either as to the quality or quantity of the food they wish to take

13 The Lenten Fast and Abstinence cease at noon on Holy Saturday

The Busbies'

Dear Cornerites,This week I would like to draw your attention to several feasts which occur within the next few days On Monday falls the feast of St Matthias, one of seventy-two disciples of Jesus, who was chosen as Apostle in the place of Judas The Epistle of the Mass of the day graphically describes the manner of his choice St Matthias preached the Gospel for more than thirty years in Judea, Cappadocia, Egypt, and Ethiopia He was stoned by the Jews AD 80 To-morrow the Mass commemorates

St Peter Damien Bishop Confessor and Doctor of the Church He rendered immense services to Pope Gregory VII in his struggle for the rights of the Church He died AD 1070 AUNT BESSY

LEMONADE BOTTLE

Corner

MOTHER OF SORROWS

During this holy season we should often have recourse to Our Lady of Sorrows

PRIMATE APPEALS FOR WRITINGS AS FATHER DAMIEN'S CAUSE GOES ON.

An appeal to all persons in possession of any letters or writings by Father Damien De Veuster the Leper Priest of Molokai, to forard them or an authenticated copy of them as soon as possible has been issued by Cardina] Van Roey, Archbishop of Malines and Primate of Belgium

They may be addressed either di rectly to the Cardinal at Malines or to Father Paul Vanhoutte, SSCC., 9, Mont St Antoine, Louvain, Belgium, First Step Made

Acknowledged With Thanks

In Honour of SS Anthony and Jude

Lover of the Scheme

Annette Mills

"Roaming Canary"

Stranger"

MAIL BAG Claremont

Dear {Aunt Bessy,-I am enclosing a small donation for the Bushies' Scheme, in honour of St Joseph of Cupertino and the Little Flower, who helped me in the success of my recent exams I sincerely hope that the Scheme will be successful this year and wish you all the success possible during the year ANNETTE MILLS

Dear Annette, We have got off to such a fine start this year that success seems assured Thanks .for your generous contribution, which should encourage others to include the Bushies in their Lenten offerings

AUNT BESSY

Dear Aunt Bessy Kindly find enclosed 5s Would you accept this for the Busbies in honour of the Little Flower for a special intention?

A LOVER OR THE SCHEME

Dear Lover of the Scheme,Your kind offer was accepted with alacrity I am sure the Little Flower will attend to her part of the offer quite ade° quatelv

AUNT BESSY

Dear Aunt Bessv-Please find enclosed 2/6 for the Bushies, in thanksgiving for favour received through St Anthonv "ROAMING CANARY."

Dear "Roaming Canary,"That half dollar has come to rest safely in the Lemonade Bottlereservoir for the Bushies

AUNT BESSY

Dear Aunt Bessy,Please accept this Lenten offering for the' Bushies, and best wishes for this year A STRANGER

Dear Stranger,Your offering is welcomed, and vou may rest assured that vour little sacrifice will contribute materially in making some outback child no longer a stranger to his Changeless Friend AUNT BESSY

Telephone B4757

'/ MARTIN P RYAN

CM W.A.O A.)

Optometrist and Optician

Son of Late M P Ryan, late of Fremantle

ORIENT LINE BUILDINGS.

WILLIAM STREET, PERTH

Next Wednesday is the Feast of St Gabriel of the Sorrowful Virgin Confessor

"HITLER-STALIN PACT SAVED US FROM SOVIETISM "

New York

These names-linked-made news

The alliance between Hitler and Stalin was judged by the editors of the International News Service and of many leading papers to be the one single event that "transcended all the frightening things that happened in the past year," said Mr Joseph V Connolly President of the Service, in his annual talk on the year's news significance, broadcast over a coast-to-coast hok"up of the National Broadcasting Company

The revelation that Hitlerism and Communism are partners in a scheme to dominate the world'' he said "saved the United States and other really democratic peoples from the horrible ordeals of years of struggle against Sovietism It had ripped off the hypocrisy that had plagued civilisation We knew now that the Hitlerite movement was never genuinely anti-Bolshevik and that Communism was never really democratic

"Communism is dead in this country and thoroughly discredited everywhere even the Russian people may be awakening Our gratitude for our escape will make us pay more attention to religion

"The world tonight is divided into the two vast camps once prophesied by Christ: the forces of God and the forces of anti-God A common foe has brought together all those who believe in the onetrue God

"A year ago I spoke at the Eucharistic Congress in New Orleans on behalf of tolerance To-day the alliance of Stalin and Hitler has forced God° fearing men to forget their differences so that there is neither Jew nor Gentile, Protestant nor Catholic, with respect to this menace All are sons of the one true God Whom this enemy seems determined to destroy"

The late Pope had died a martyr to the cause of peace, and the first message of the new Pop had been of peace founded on justice and brotherhood

He had offered the vast army of his followers, the Church, to this cause

Mr Connolly listed the death of Pius XI and the election of Pius XII among the ten greatest news stories of the world that had nothing to do with European wars ' He predicted that President Roosevelt's naming of Mr Myron C Taylor as his representative at the Vatican "will be among the news developments of the greatest world-wide importance in 1940"

NAZIS RELEASE NOTED JESUIT FROM PRISON; EXILED FROM AUSTRIA

Father P George Bichlmair, SJ, Rector of the University Church in Vienna, whom the Nazis arrested two years ago, has been released

But he is loking terribly ill-and his release is conditional upon his leaving Vienna and travelling a long way north-east

Father Bichlmair is so great an orator that he is known as the Bossuet of Austria

BISHOP OF GIBRALTAR IS HON OURED IN SPAIN.

Bishop Fitzgerald, of Gibraltar, has been particularly honoured by the Spanish clergy of La Linea de Ta Concepcion, just over the border Thev invited him to celebrate the High Mass in the town's principal church on the centenary of the apparition of Our Ladv of the Pillar, Patron of Spain, to St James Bishop Fitzgerald was assisted at the Mass by both Spanish and Gibraltar clergy The church was packed Spanish military and civil authorities were present.

This appeal for writings, which is a customary part of all beatification causes, indicates that the specially appointed ecclesiastical tribunal at Malines has been examining Father Damien's work When every known existing document has been collected they will be submitted to the Holy See and another step nearer his beatification will have been made

The procedure is part of the usual Ordinary Informative Process but the actual process has already been completed All the witnesses in Hawaii and in Belgium have been examined and copyists are now translating the records of the sessions

This should be completed and ready, with the writings to be taken to Rome at Easter

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PATIENT

GIVES NUNS A HOSPITAL

Oklahoma USA

Fiftythree years ago Mr James B Cambron, a railway employee, became seriously ill in Sedalia, Missouri, and was sent to a Catholic hospital, where he was comforted by the kindness of Sisters of Charity of the Incarnate Word

Recently Mr Cambron fell ill again and became a patient in St Mary's Hospital here

One morning he looked up to see Mother Cleophas, superior, and memor ies rushed back Mother Cleophas was one of the Sisters whose kindness did much to restore his health 53 years ago Now Mr Cambron has given the Sisters nearly £16,000 to build a new hospitala memorial to the kindness of a nun and to show the gratitude of a patient

POPULATION MINISTER WANTED, SUGGESTS PARIS PRESS

A Minister of Population is needed to conduct successfully the new French campaign for an increasing birth rate, suggests M WIadimir d'Ormesson, famous French writer in "Figaro,'' Paris daily paper

Such a ministry would be able to handle the many complex questions concerning the problem produce propaganda, and give encouragement to the movement It could also deal with the new laws concerning increased grants to parents and other mens of assistance

It would have to remember the spiritual and religious side of the matter, too, says M d'Ormesson because the family ideal cannot be abstracted from the fundamental notions of Chris tianity and of morality.'

2,086,071 PUPILS IN U.S. CATHOLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

Washington

There are 7,916 Catholic elementary schools in the US A staffed by 59701 teachers and attended by 2,086,07l pupils according to the latest Survey of Catholic Colleges and Schools, com piled every two years by the education department of the National Catholic Welfare Conference

The present survey covers the period 1936-38, returns being received from 107 dioceses out of 111.

U.S. JEWS GIVE PONTIFF £25,000 FOR REFUGEES

The United Jewish Appeal in New York has announced the allocation of ±£50,000 for Christian refugees, says the Jewish Chronicle' Half of this sum is to be presented to the Holy Father for Catholic refugees, as a memorial to Pope Pius XI whose "magnificent struggle against racialism the Jews will never forget"

The other hlf is for non-Catholic refugees

YUGOSLAV PRESIDENT, PRIEST INDICTS REDS.

Mgr Korochetz President of the Yugoslav Senate, indicts Communist Russia for its invasion of Finland and for its propaganda in his own country in his New Year message to the Press

"It is becoming clearer and clearer where Communism leads," he savs Instead of working for peace it encourages war: instead of democracy it ap plies the most terrible tyranny; instead of filling the schools it fills the prisons and if it has suppressed private capitalism it exploits the workers for the benefit of the capitalism of the state

"Communist Russian propaganda is the worst lie'

NAZI'S COLONISATION PLANS WOULD WEAKEN CATHOLIC RHINELAND

There have been cautious hints in the German Press, states "The Times." that some 2,000,000 persons mav be moved from Western Germany into the occupied areas of Poland

Some 60,000 peasant families will, it is said be moved from Baden alone, The rest will be taken from VWestphalia, Wurttemberg Hesse, lower Hanover and the RhineMaine districts "One probable reason for choosing emigrants from these prosperous agTl cultural areas," says "The Times," "is that they will be removed from Church influence in the stronghold of German Caholicism."

1874

Sister of St Teresa Dies at Eighty

Sister Marie of the Sacred Heart, eldest sister of St. Teresa of the Child Jesus, the Little Flower, has died from neumonia at the Lisieux Carmel, aged

80

She was buried on Tuesday, 23rd. ult beneath the tomb of her saintly sister in the chapel of the Carmel

Sister Marie was crowned by St Teresa at her profession in 1888 It is the custom for the youngest novice to crown the professed, and at that time Sister Teresa was the youngest

CARNERA'S BABY IS BAPTISED

Rome

People cheered fireworks were let off and bells pealed as Primo Carnera and his family drove through the little Italian town of Sequals for the baptism of his first-born, a son, last month The child was named Umberto

THE POPE GIVES A TAILOR NEWS OF KIN IN POLAND

A Boston tailor, Jacob Friedman, was told by the American State de partment and the International Red Cross that they had been unable to find in Poland his sister and her two children from which he had heard nothing for several months Friedman then wrote to the Holy Faher asking for his help says "The Times"

He has now received a letter from Cardinal Maglione, Secretary of State, informing him that his relatives are al well and are living in Warsaw

She was the godmother of the Little Flower, being 13 years her senior She prepared Teresa for her first Holy Communion and Confirmation Sister Marie, too, suggested that the future saint should write her now famous autobiography One of the principal chapters is dedicated to Sister Marie who before entering religion 'was Marie Louise Martin

When St. Teresa died at the age of 24 she was survived bv four sisters One, Mother Agnes, is still Prioress of the Lisieux Carmel

MEXICAN HIERARCHY ISSUE PASTORAL ON EDUCATION.

Mexico City

Mexican Catholics are urged in a pastoral letter signed by all the Arch bishops and Bishops of Mexico to con tinue their efforts to obtain by legal means the modification of the public education regulations recently imposed by the Mexican Government

The letter describes the regulations as openly anti-religious on the ground that they prescribe the teaching of socalled "scientific truths," while not allowing any opportunity for opposing arguments on behalf of religious princip es

The letter also reaffirms the Church's opposition to co-education, pointing out that it is condemned in an Encyclical issued by the late Pope Pius XI n 1929, and declaring that it entails serious dangers to morals

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Spain Solves its Mystery of the Tunnel of Death

Madrid

A casual remark made by an unsuspecting accomplice has led to the solving ot Spain's mystery of the Tunnel of Death.

In November, 1936, when Nationalist troops were at the outskirts of Madrid, the slaughter of prisoners within the city increased

They were mown down in hundreds by machineguns Some 10,000 bodies were piled in carts and dumped into trenches

It was at this period of terror that certain prominent Spaniards who had found shelter in the embassies were informed with much secrecy and elaborate mysteriousness that a tunnel would enable them to escape to the Franco lines in a suburb of Madrid

Following instructions they brought their money and valuables and assembled one night at a certain house From this house they were led to what appeared to be a cave and nothing more was heard of them

None Escaped.

An employee of the British Embassy learned by radio that a certain person who had left that embassy had not arrived in the Nationalist zone. Later it was learned that none had escaped There were 78 of them Each met a horrible death, it is now revealed in court proceedings here Evidence shows that many of them were buried alive. The tunnel of escape proved to be the tunnel of death

Among the victims were the Marques de Fontalba, one of Spain's wealthiest men, and his grandson, the Marques de Fontann, the Marques de Casa Estrada the Marues de Peraman Canon Ismael Rodriguez and his two brothers, and the Conde de Cazalla del Rio When the trench where they were buried was discovered, almost all the bodies were identified It has also been established that some of the conspirators were police Not all of them have been apprehended.

Confession by minor accomplices led to the discovery of the burial place following the first clue of a casual remark Foreign governments had tried to obtain information of the prisoners' fate Mob Slew Bishop It was not unusual for Red police and other officials to be involved directly or indirectly in the murder of civilians One of the most repugnant instances is the Train from Jaen"

Aboard were 200 prisoners, including Bishop Jiminez, of Jaen, his sister and brother-in-law The train's approach was announced by radio, the people being informed that it carried "many pilgrims for the prisons" Near Villaverde it was stopped and the Civil Guards withdrawn, leaving the prisoners at the merev of the mob

When the Guards objected to abandoning their prisoners, they were informed of 'a telephone order from the Government Minister Casares Quiroga," who ordered the death of Calvo Sotelo, which started the war The prisoners were ordered off the train, As they descended the mob fired at them The Bishop his relatives and the Dean of Jaen were among the first killed

DEATH OF IRELAND'S OLDEST WOMAN, 114.

The oldest woman in Ireland, 114years-old Miss Hannah Farrell, has died at the Hospice for the Dying in Dublin

She attended daily Mass for 70 years at the Carmelite Church in Whitefriarsstreet and had been a friend of the great Dominican preacher, Father Tom Burke

She remembered the Famine, rather Mathew Apostle of Temperance and Daniel O'Connell She had never been in a tram, train or bus

CARDINAL FAULHABER'S HEALTH "MUCH BETTER."

Cardinal Faulhaber, Archbishop of Munich, who has been ill for some time, is now reported in continental papers to be "much better'' and to have returned to his duties

The Cardinal celebrated Mass at Christmas in Munich Cathedral and the people of Bavaria are rejoicing at his reappearance in public His Eminence is still under the care of his doctors, however, as he is suffering from heart trouble