PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
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Official Organ of theArdtclibtese of Perth 4111111MOsierilat1111111111111
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A CATHOLIC WEEKLY CIRCULATING THROUGHOUT THE Prre'F, THREEPENCE
No. 2,788
STATE OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA,
Registered at the G.P.O., Perth, for Transmission by Post as a Newspaper.
ESTABLISHED 1874.
Vol. LIX.
PERTH, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1933
Where Mercy is Unknown and Justice is a Sham
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,vernment became • ner brought into a court for trial— Why the Firm so agitated such a vigorous which only happens in notorious cases " ... it h the Russian au- where a summary conviction would stand in and put on trial not he advisable—he finds that the thorities wh , p±eyees of a London counsel for the defence is not perm itted the six .British : en, is partly ex- to go beyond a course prescribed for manufacturiti, . . i ens recently made him he the Soviet Government. Even plained by r Oieven, who himself his co mss-esainination is limited so that by Prince Lc. . t he Russian sec- he hardly has a chance of making out had experien, ret police. c,7.e Bolshevik revo- a case L,r the prisoner. If there is lution boils( ,'rinee Lieven's lam- more thAn one prisoner the men are ily were led . lie shot, but he es- k ept separate both in the cells and in caped. . the ruler of Mon- court, so that they cannot talk togolia, was b., ii oil after his capeether. If one of the arrested men ture by the The itritish Gov- in the present case made an admisernment mov• . with determinatien in ien under "third degree,", it would at its efforts t, -e the six citital:en to involve all the others. zens. arreste•I Moseow en charges of A fter a trial for sabotage the prisoners, sabotage aiel .•oionage. i f f,mn:l guilty. are either sentenced to Lubianka into which the death or deportation to the timber arrested etre of the Metropolitan- camps of North Russia and Siberia. Vickers Coe • .ity were cast, is one Internment on the island of Solovki in of the old pr.:of the Czarist regime the White Sea is another favourite sen The term varies from ten —and the CL, 1- ..;'t` of sabotage is one of f ence. the most e i ,.ie in the eyes of the e etting trees. standing in icy water, and Ogpu. Pre aeven explained even making them into rafts and living the mildest e. ial charge entails sev'- under the most unbearable conditions. erer penalta - ;hail ordinary offences. The principal food is water soup Little mercy shown the political of- and the prisoners die off like flies. Wofender, and allowed only the bar- men prisoners are at the mercy of • Red est necessit 1,7 These old Czarist jails guards, who shoot them ruthlessly are now te, i. ;y overcrowded. The w henever complaint is made, pretext heating sysoe- ,s appalling, due to ne- being that they tried to escape. Prince glect. The prisoners sleep either on Lieven gave a vivid description of secthe stone fie, s or on planks .and the ret methods by which executions of sanitary arrangements, owing to lack of political prisoners are carried out. In repair, are almost beyond description. most instances these people d are un, As no uniform is provided the prison- aware that they are to die, and the ers wear their own clothes, and have authorities are always anxious that no facilities for changing them. No they should not know until it is too e xercise is eerinitted and about ten late. When there are a number of Prisoners arc ontined in a cell built for prisoners condemned, they are ushered four. Where evidence is lacking a into a narrow corridor and find themSPY is confined with the prisoners and selves between two doors. Suddenly strives to inveigle him to make some a panel opens in one of the doors and admission incriminating himself. Very machine-gun opens fire. The people o ften these spies, when unable to ob- are mown down before they can even tain such a onfession, manufacture one cry out. Without any attempt to SO as to win credit. make sure that all are dead the place is flooded with water and the bodies Third Degree Methods. If no admission is made by the pri- washed into a cellar, there to be removed at midnight and burned or soner he is taken before a special Ogpu b uried outside the city. In single ex( secret police) committee, where third ecutions where the prisciner is unaware degree methods are applied. These t ake the form of threats of torture and ol his approaching fate, he also is ushleath, or death to relatives. The man ered into 'the corridor when a soldier suddenly creeps up behind him and Is examined by relays of questioners, shoots him. break down under the strain, and is no break down under he strain, and is no Secrecy is the Object. longer responsible for what he is saying. The authorities like to spread the Mr. George Alexander Solomon, former People's Commissar for Foreign impression that no one ever works Trad e in Russia, intimate friend of against the Government—that no one That is why they rekrassin, and ex-Soviet Consul in Lon is dissatisfied. Ion gave Prince Lieven details of how sort to summary convictions instead of proper trials, wherever possible. the ilera tortured prisoners to make them confess. .They plunged their Some of the methods described by bads in holing water until the skin Frince Lieven were applied by the '-‘ame off. This they called "taking off Russian Secret Police to the British the gloves." They would push splin- prisoners. They were subjected to an ters underneath the victim's finger- uninterrupted nineteen-hour question! nails or stick pins in every part of his ing. One of their favourite methods "This inquisitien." Sir John Simon, was what they called rat torture. They British Secretary of State for Foreign Put rats under a pot on the body of Affairs. announced in the House of ,he victim. Then they put hot irons Commons, 'was what we would call in n ton of the pot until the frantic England a fishing inquiry. It was rats began to gnaw the victim to get merely an effort to get. this man. hour away from the heat. When the pri- after hour, morning, noon and night,
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to commit himself to something. He • of course I would.- replied Dzerjinwas not informed on what charge he ,y, without hesitation. "I would not was arrested, but he was called upon lirink from amputating an arm to t e make a complete confession. Any ave the rest of Russia." testimony ebtained by these methods inquired "Bet would N'ou kill me is rubbish." Lenin, with pardonable curiosity. Commenting on previous trials in the "No, not you, Ilyitch," said DzerjinSoviet Union for sabotage, Sir John "You are head, and, no surgeon Simon said that any one who had sky. w ould amputate his patient's head." read the reports of them would appreLenin did not press the matter furciate how widely the Soviet conceplier, and appeared to be satisfied, but t:ons of justice differ from those of he was not quite sure, because he Great Britain. a heart of "In one case,- he asserted, "one of thought this "murderer with answering, the accused was driven to confess that gold- had hesitated a bit in happen he had been plotting with a man who and he wondered what would should creature this fearful some day if afterward was found to have 'been dead longer to consider him the happen no' a t the time the conspiracy was alleged head. to have taken place." That Nikolai Lenin's doubts were not The British Ambassador in Moscow unfounded is proved by Dzerjinsky's rereported: marks when one of his subordinate - These people (the Soviet officials) killers wept in his presence at the are completely unable to see themsel- news of the leader's death ves in any other light than that of an "Don't weep; be thankful,- cornaegrieved power, struggling for their noble ideals against a world of politi- mended the chief. "Lenin has died a cal, financial, and commercial conspira- natural death in time, so that we can tors. This feeling has reached the call him a hero and make him a saint. His work was done some time ago, stage el morbid hysteria." and lately he has become a nuisance A similar situation was displayed It would have been embarrassing to w hen Sir Robert Vansittart, Permare have had to remove him with a Chek ent Under-Secretary,. of the British For- bullet." The man's jaws dropped and eign Office, told the Russian Ambassa- he stared at his superior and uncondor at London, Ivan .Maiskye on March sciously felt of a spot in the back of 16: "The feeling is widespread that the his own neck. allegations against these men are grotei One of the most dramatic of the Cx. nue and hysterical, and that these ariests are a stage performance mount- ecutions of the clergy, which Dzerjinsky pursued with vigour. was that of ed simply to disguise, by serving them t he Bishop of Tver. The I3ishop reup as scapegoats, the ill-success of cergo into fused to hiding and courageous. tain industrial undertakings in Russia." ly stayed at home, remarking; . Foreigners trying to do business in "I wish to be arrested and tried in a the Soviet Republic suffer less than the citizens of Russia themselves from public court." the eternal espionage of the Russian It was thought to be undesirable to Secret Police. Officials of authority drag the.Bishop away from his house, and standing one day are likely to be so he was lured to a building on the seized and disappear forever on the pretence that he was to be eiven many following day. Even Felix Dzerjinsky, anicent and valuable religious manuthe head of the Secret Police, was him- scripts and records. As he stooped to self murdered by his own spies. examine them the door opened and in Dzerjinsky organsed the - Theka,' stepped Dzerjinsky and one of his aides. now known as the "Ogpu," which spied The Bishop was seized, removed to the on everyone and everything, during the e xecution room and shot without the dictatorship of Lenin. He became so bother of any public trial. powerful that he was feared by everyhe Secret Police, numbering some one, even Lenin. He died suddenly 25,000. are assisted by an organisation and mysteriously, poisoned by other of women spies which wa( started by Red leaders, who did not know when Mine. Olea Kameneva, under the amusthey themselves would be victims of ing title ot "Society of Cultural Relahis espionage system. At his funeral, tions." a "comrade," in eulogising him, stated that he was credited with the deaths But perhaps the most dangerous of of 1,956,650 men and women—"ene- all the Russian spies are the young, mies of the Revolution." homeless, and conscienceless Russian Trotzky, Karneneff, Krassin, all the children, who wander about Russia in big leaders. were never sure of their great numbers. These little rascals lives; though they were ostensibly great have been encouraged by the Ogpu" to friends of the Cheka chief. Even the bring tales and secrets to them, and mighty Lenin became nervous and took they are rewarded by a few coins, a occasion to sound out tleis etrarige man. pair of boots or food. These roving He began by asking Dzerjinskv if he Youngsters live by their wits and by would kill Comrade Trotzky, who at what they can steal, and they have bethat. time was at the height of his in- come a menace to any Russian citizen fluence. in case it became evident that who offends them, complains of them "the right arm of the Soviets" had be- or seems a likely victim to report to come harnul to the best interests of the Secret Police, so that they may the cause. earn a dishonest reward
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