2021-02 American Philatelist by APSstamps

THE

FEBRUARY 2021 $6.95

The Research Issue

WWW.STAMPS.ORG

Mystic Reflects on 95+ Years of Stamp Buying CAMDEN, N.Y. For over 95 years, Mystic, America’s leading stamp dealer, has been diligently serving its family of collectors. A lot has changed since it opened its doors, President of Mystic but two things remain Donald Sundman the same – Mystic’s is a lifetime stamp small-town values collector with over four decades in the and its commitment to stamp business. being the most active buyer of stamps in the US. It’s obvious that old-fashioned values and big business can go hand-in-hand when we look back at Mystic’s history. Let’s step back in time – to the Roaring Twenties when Warren Harding was president, Prohibition was raging and Mystic opened its doors... Humble Beginnings Lawrence K. Shaver founded Mystic in 1923 in the tiny central New York village of Camden. Shaver sold his own collection of US 3¢ 1851s for two hundred dollars, using the funds to buy stamps for resale. He began his business in a one-room office over the Camden Post Office. Today, Mystic operates out of a 50,000 square foot headquarters, employs 150 colleagues and reports it has spent over $70 million on stamps and coins over the last five years. Purchased by the Sundman Family In 1974, Maynard Sundman bought Mystic. Sundman, a pioneer in the stamp and coin approval business, put his youngest son, Don, in charge. Mystic grew quickly under Don Sundman’s leadership, earning a solid reputation for paying collectors and dealers more for stamps. The motto “Mystic Pays More For Your Stamps” became the company’s tag line in ads in stamp publications. Major Acquisitions 1998 saw Mystic setting a record for highest price ever paid for a US stamp. For just under one million

dollars, Mystic became the owner of the 1868 1¢ Z Grill, America’s rarest stamp. Since then, Mystic has made several headlines acquiring rare stamps. In 2005, Sundman traded the 1¢ Z Grill for the unique 1918 Jenny Inverted Error Plate Block. This transaction – called the “$6 million dollar trade” – was featured by news outlets worldwide. When the National Postal Museum held two auctions to sell deaccessioned US Revenue stamps, Mystic was the main buyer. The company spent over $3 million on the Revenue stamps and paid over 60% of the prices realized.

In recent years, Mystic has also focused on buying worldwide stamps. The company bought the rare China #64 stamp (less than 10 are known to exist) for over $85,000 – over three times the stamp’s Scott Catalogue value at the time. Mystic was also the highest bidder at a private sale for the rare “Levante Italiano” 1874 5 centesimi without overprint. This stamp is believed to be unique. Mystic paid $84,232 for the stamp, winning it in a highly competitive auction. Likewise, in 2012, Mystic purchased the unique 1918 Black Honduras for $165,000. Mystic Buys All Kinds of Stamps – And Pays More to Get Them The majority of the firm’s purchases are made from individual collectors and small dealers. However, Mystic also purchased Fleetwood, America’s

premier First Day Cover producer and moved the entire operation from Wyoming to central New York. Asked how he and his buyers manage to be so active in a competitive business, Sundman says there’s no secret to Mystic’s success. “People want a high market price for their stamps – and we pay it.” Sundman also emphasizes the professionalism of the company’s stamp buyers. “I receive hundreds of letters from collectors and dealers describing how pleased they are with the honesty and professionalism of our stamp buyers and the stress-free convenience of our service.” What the Future Holds Mystic serves thousands of collectors each week. So its need to buy both US and worldwide stamps continues. Although Mystic buys all kinds of stamps, of particular interest are British Colonies and other European Colonies. The stamps of Asia, specifically China and Japan, are of special interest. Mystic is looking to purchase stamps and coins from private collectors, plus entire store inventory and dealer stocks. The company’s buyers are prepared to travel and pay high market prices for high-value collections. When they make an offer, they pay with a check “on the spot” and remove the stamps, leaving only a satisfied client.

Call 1-800-835-3609

Mystic’s stamp buyers are anxious to speak with prospective sellers. They can be contacted toll-free at 1-800-835-3609. They’ll guide you, helping you to make a smart decision about the sale of your stamps and enjoy peace of mind after the transaction.

Mystic Stamp Company Attention: Buying Department 9700 Mill Street Camden, NY 13316-9111 StampBuyer@MysticStamp.com MysticBuysStamps.com BA2263

AMERICAN PHILATELIST THE

February 2021

VOLUME 135 • NO. 2 • WHOLE NO. 1,441

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124

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THE PHILATELIST AS SOCIAL HISTORIAN

116

BY PETER CONGREVE A single cover in your collection can yield endless opportunities, as long as you are willing to pursue them. Peter Congreve uses an Australia-U.S. cover from 1948 as a case study, investigating its contents, its addressee and his family, and the wider historical context, all with the help of primary documents that are available online.

RESEARCHING CONFEDERATE STATES STAMPS AND POSTAL HISTORY

BY PATRICIA A. KAUFMANN The covers and letters of the Civil War era are some of the most valuable primary sources available, offering insight into our knowledge of history, correcting or updating the official record, and filling gaps in knowledge of the period. Trish Kaufmann offers advice on the complicated process of researching the postal history of the Civil War – and her words ring true for all postal history research.

Table of Contents

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132

TOOLS OF RESEARCH: THE APRL, PHILATELIC UNION CATALOG, AND APRL DIGITAL

BY SCOTT TIFFNEY There’s no greater philatelic resource available than the American Philatelic Research Library. Luckily, as an APS member its resources are in your hands whenever you need them, thanks to the APRL staff. Read more to find out what the largest philatelic public library has to offer you.

A NOTEWORTHY PRECANCEL ON LANCASTER WATCH COMPANY’S ADVERTISING COVERS

BY CHARLES J. DICOMO, PHD The long-gone Lancaster Watch Company (LWC) was in business for only a few years – just long enough to print beautiful advertising covers with an intriguing precancel. Charles DiComo investigates the company’s history and lays out a census of the known LWC precancels.

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144

OCEAN LETTERS: USING THE TELEGRAPH TO SPEED SHIP MAIL, PART 1

BY OTTO KJÆRGAARD Ocean letters – an innovation that combined radio with the post to speed communications from ship to land. Yet this rich philatelic field has little in the way of published research. As Otto Kjærgaard works to develop a catalog of ocean letters for future PAGE researchers, he introduces the wide range of ocean letter material that can be found.

154 168 APRL Notes 185 Books & Catalogs 175 Classified Ads 102 Editing Philately 98 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

138

RESEARCHING LITTLE-KNOWN ITEMS: ACKER’S SPECIAL DELIVERY (AND MORE)

BY WAYNE YOUNGBLOOD A dearth of traditional philatelic literature on the topic of a strange facsimile “stamp” pushed Wayne Youngblood to the internet, where he found other researchers on the same trail. In this month’s “Collecting Coast to Coast,” Wayne pieces together the story of the Philadelphia-based grocer, Finley Acker and Co., and Acker’s Special Delivery “stamps” that appear on their price lists.

Other Features 170 In Touch 108 Letters to the Editor 171 Membership Report 188 New World Issues

114 Our Story 100 President’s Column 184 Show Time 190 Worldwide in a Nutshell

President’s Column BY Robert Zeigler President RZeigler@zcklaw.com

New Discoveries Await in Your Collection

ast December, our intrepid Executive Director, Scott English, finally pulled off one of the most remarkable achievements in the history of the American Philatelic Society. As many of you know, the purchase and rehabilitation of our Match Factory Headquarters involved a relatively small initial outlay, but an enormous amount of money was spent to rehabilitate this then-dilapidated building. The Society had to borrow heavily on several occasions in order to meet our goal of turning a badly neglected structure into a modern headquarters. That process has come a long way. We are essentially finished with the transformation, which ended up costing the Society some 16 million dollars. The Match Factory Complex retains its historic look but is thoroughly modernized inside. In order to accomplish this, the American Philatelic Research Library had to borrow repeatedly, and took out a series of loans on its own behalf and guaranteed by the Society. The Library also incurred a substantial debt to APS in this process. Thanks to some extremely generous donations from our members over the last several years, and thanks also to the leadership of our Executive Director and the financial wizardry of our staff, including Rick Banks and the current Chief Administrative Officer, Jeff Krantweiss, the Society, on Christmas Eve 2020, paid off the last of a series of mortgage loans that financed the rehabilitation of the American Philatelic Center. The Society also erased the intraorganizational debt which APRL owed APS. As a result, both organizations are on a far more stable footing, which will now enable us to build our endowment and assure the financial future of both organizations. It should also be stressed that the last portion of this financial victory was accomplished under extremely difficult circumstances. COVID-19 has necessitated the closure of the APS headquarters for a large part of 2020. We devoutly hope that in 2021 we will see the return of our headquarters to full function, and that the pandemic subsides to a distant, if a very unpleasant, memory. One of the functions that we hope to get up to full speed in 2021 is the return of the Library to its primary role in promoting hand-on research in philately. Research can take many forms, from discovering errors and oddities in the printing of stamps to research on rates and routes and other aspects of postal history. All of these activities are supported by our Library, which will resume its role as the number one philatelic 100 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

Ruhit Sinha and Richard Judge study in the APRL, Summer Seminar 2019.

resource in the United States, and quite possibly the world. You may not have done philatelic research yourself, but you surely have benefited from it. The catalogs and monographs, articles and special studies that are found in our great Library all exist because of the tireless efforts of researchers worldwide. Many of these researchers are not professionals. Some are just ordinary collectors who have made singular discoveries through exploring their own collections carefully and with curiosity. Anyone, whether an amateur collector or a professional researcher, can achieve the thrill of discovering what no one else has seen before. Sometimes, research can lead to a “secondary thrill” among readers of the research. You may find something in your own holdings that previously appeared rather ordinary. Then you read about someone’s research on such an item, and right before your eyes it transforms into a remarkably rare or unusual piece that might have remained unappreciated but for the research of someone else. In fact, these are the exact experiences of more than one author within these pages. Solid research is hard work. It is, as Thomas Edison used to say about invention, “Ninety-nine percent perspiration and one percent inspiration.” Given the number of sharp-eyed collectors who belong to our Society, it is a rare thing to make an original discovery. But even if we don’t have that experience, we can surely benefit from the amazing discoveries of others and the cogent articles they write about what they have found. Good luck, and hopefully there will be a good discovery or two that you may find in your own collection. If you are fortunate enough to find something new, please write about it for the AP!

AMERICAN PHILATELIST THE

Since 1887 — The Premier Philatelic Magazine in the Nation

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF OF APS PUBLICATIONS Gary Wayne Loew, ext. 221 • Gary@stamps.org ASSOCIATE EDITOR Susanna Mills, ext. 207 • smills@stamps.org GRAPHIC COMMUNICATION SPECIALIST Chad Cowder, ext. 223 • CCowder@stamps.org ADVERTISING SALES Steve Schwanz Fox Associates, Inc. 800-440-0231 adinfo.theamericanphilatelist@foxrep.com

American Philatelic Society American Philatelic Research Library 100 Match Factory Place • Bellefonte, PA 16823 814-933-3803 • 814-933-6128 (Fax) STAMPS.ORG • STAMPLIBRARY.ORG EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Scott English, ext. 219 • scott@stamps.org DIRECTOR OF MEMBERSHIP Wendy Masorti, ext 218 • wendy@stamps.org CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER Jeff Krantweiss, ext. 216 jkrantweiss@stamps.org GENERAL INFORMATION apsinfo@stamps.org ADDRESS CHANGES & MEMBERSHIP INQUIRIES requests@stamps.org, ext. 201 DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION/YOUTH Cathy Brachbill, ext. 239 cbrachbill@stamps.org DIRECTOR OF EXPERTIZING Ken Martin, ext. 205 kpmartin@stamps.org DIRECTOR OF INFORMATION SERVICES Scott Tiffney, ext. 246 stiffney@stamps.org DIRECTOR OF SALES Carol Hoffman, ext. 270 stampstore@stamps.org COMMUNITY-GRASSROOTS SPECIALIST Heidi Lauckhardt-Rhoades, ext. 222 heidi@stamps.org SHOWS/EXHIBITIONS Morgan Stinson, ext. 217 stampshow@stamps.org SHOW TIME LISTINGS showtime@stamps.org The American Philatelist (ISSN 0003-0473) is published monthly by the American Philatelic Society, Inc., 100 Match Factory Place, Bellefonte, PA 16823. Periodicals postage paid at Bellefonte, PA 16823 and at additional mailing office. Price per copy $6.95. Canadian Distribution Agreement Number 40030959. Opinions expressed in articles in this magazine are those of the writers and are not necessarily endorsed by the society and/or the magazine. The American Philatelist cannot be responsible for the accuracy of any information printed herein. Postmaster: Send address changes to: The American Philatelist 100 Match Factory Place, Bellefonte, PA 16823. ©2021, The American Philatelic Society, Inc. FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 101

Editing Philately BY Gary Wayne Loew Editor-in-Chief of APS Publications gary@stamps.org

Welcome to the Research Issue

The pages of The American Philatelist are intended to educate our readers about the stamps that they collect and those that they might decide to collect. We also seek to enable readers to learn more about the hobby of philately itself. By our nature, we collectors are researchers, always striving to gain greater understanding of the world around us through the lens of philately. To that end, two months ago we instituted the For Further Reading sidebar containing recommendations from the staff of the APRL. This has proven to be a popular feature. It demonstrates just how research-oriented we are. So this month, we are turning the tables and will be examining philately through the lens of research. And, as I shall elaborate upon momentarily, this is a special Joint Research Issue along with the upcoming First Quarter issue of the Philatelic Literature Review. I had initially contemplated publishing a series of tutorials on various facets of philatelic research. But that rapidly became a pedantic undertaking, and we went in a different direction. (I did sneak in one tutorial, but there is nothing pedantic about it.) Instead, we asked some expert philatelic researchers to share with us their approaches to digging deep and wide while writing their articles. You will see some familiar faces and some new ones, too. I first met Peter Congreve about a year ago on Twitter. He has a wonderful postal history talent to completely deconstruct a cover in six or eight linked tweets. In 280 characters he analyses each aspect of an old envelope and takes us on a journey through family histories, world travels, and business involvements. In “The Philatelist as Social Researcher,” Peter shares many of his research techniques and preferred sources. This particular trick is typical of his creative approaches: “Another common practice in newspapers of using initials instead of an individual’s given name(s) can also prove frustrating to research but can occasionally be overcome by substituting the common names of the period in your searches. Popular baby names in the U.S., broken down by decade, can be found at the website for the Social Security Administration.” After you have read his article, you might wish to hop over to Twitter and check out his frequent postal history tweets (@Stampden). Peter demonstrates how postal artifacts can be used as the springboard for exploring the history of an individual or family or even an event. Trish Kaufmann, a frequent visitor to these pages, is a master of this type of postal history. But Trish frequently takes postal history the other way around, using postal artifacts to contribute to the extant body of historical knowledge. Therein lies an approach to postal history that is valuable to historians and other academicians in the social sciences. This is a message that all philatelists should promote. In this issue, Trish directly confronts the challenges of researching

CALL FOR WRITERS

The American Philatelist depends on our members, who provide much of the content of this magazine. I’d like to encourage more members to join our roster of philatelic writers for The American Philatelist, Philatelic Literature Review, and stamps.org website. If you have an idea, please send your article idea, an outline and a brief description of what would make it interesting to our audience. Send your proposal by email to aparticle@stamps.org or mail to The American Philatelist, c/o Article Submission, 100 Match Factory Place, Bellefonte, PA 16823. For more information about APS writing guidelines, visit aps.buzz/writeap. 102 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

APS Official Family

2019–2022

PRESIDENT Robert Zeigler rzeigler@zcklaw.com BOARD OF VICE PRESIDENTS Cheryl Ganz cherylganz@yahoo.com Patricia (Trish) Kaufmann trishkauf@comcast.net Jeff Shapiro dirtyoldcovers@aol.com SECRETARY Stephen Schumann stephen.schumann@att.net TREASURER Bruce Marsden mail@brucemarsden.com DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE Michael Bloom mbloom@sinotech.com Rich Drews richbear427@hotmail.com Peter P. McCann ppm103226706@aol.com Mark Schwartz mark.schwartz1@verizon.net IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT Stephen Reinhard sreinhard1@optonline.net STAMP THEFT COMMITTEE Nicholas A. Lombardi P.O. Box 1005 Mountainside, NJ 07092 stamptheft@stamps.org APS INSURANCE PLAN Hugh Wood Inc., 220 Match Factory Place Bellefonte, PA 16823 Toll Free: 888-APS-6494 Phone: 212-509-3777 Fax: 212-509-4906 aps@hughwood.com

ADDRESS CHANGES To change your address online visit stamps.org and log into your My APS account. Or mail your new address information to APS, 100 Match Factory Place, Bellefonte, PA 16823 (Fax: 814-933-6128). Please try to give us four weeks’ notice. You can also add an e-mail address or website to your APS record.

CONNECT ONLINE

controversial topics. In “Researching Confederate States Stamps and Postal History” Trish reminds us: “The study of our past is crucial. The expectation is that we learn from mistakes of the past or, as conventional wisdom asserts, we are destined to repeat them.” Next, our own Scott Tiffney, the APRL’s director of information services, takes us on a tour of the many unique research tools available from the world’s largest philatelic public library. What is really exciting are the soon-to-be-released enhancements that Scott will share with us. His “Tools of Research: The APRL, Philatelic Union Catalog and APRL Digital” is a must read. In keeping with our research theme, Wayne Youngblood’s “Coast to Coast” explores the history of his collecting and researching the Acker’s “local” stamps that found their way into his eclectic collection. Some of the Acker’s artifacts might well be considered the century-old equivalent of today’s junk mail - which perhaps could give pause to modern postal historians. You will learn a few research tips from the master. One of the more interesting philatelic approaches that has come across my desk recently is Charles DiComo’s article. It combines a traditional approach to advertising covers with a discovery view of an unusual private precancel. “A Noteworthy Precancel on Lancaster Watch Company’s Advertising Covers” will satisfy stamp collectors, precancel specialists, and cover collectors alike. This is Charles’ first article for the AP. While he is relatively new to philatelic writing, he has already managed to bring home a large gold for a 2018 article that appeared in The Chronicle. Also new to the pages of the AP is widely published author Otto Kjærgaard. When there is not much literature extant, a collector must do his own basic research. Part one of Otto’s exciting discoveries on the subject of Ocean Letters will inform you about this little known aspect of technological innovation and the Seaposts. It will also illustrate how you can initiate your own journey of discovery into new philatelic topics. Finally, we offer a review of a non-philatelic book. What does 19th Century American Genre Paintings have to do with philately or philatelic research? Well, if authors Diane DeBlois and Robert Dalton Harris write something – anything at all – I am sure to read it. Researchers will discover the relevance of this monograph about art to philately. I mentioned earlier that this was a joint issue with the PLR. In the upcoming issue of that quarterly journal, we will be offering several articles on additional topics of philatelic research. For those of you who are not familiar with the Philatelic Literature Review, it is the quarterly publication of the American Philatelic Research Library. It regularly covers announcements of new books issued and books received for the APRL collection, as well as helpful book reviews. There are interviews with philatelists and book sellers and news from many of the APRL’s sister philatelic libraries. Every philatelist is, in one way or another, in the process of building their own philatelic library. The PLR is an essential tool to help you build your library. Auctions Stamp Shows Retail Store Internet Next Auction January 30th sterlingstamps.com auctions.sterlingstamps.com Sterling Stamps• Mark Vervaeke 455 E Grand River, Suite 103 Brighton, MI 48116 810-220-6000

mark@sterlingstamps.com APS Dealer, ATA, MSDA

FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 103

Kelleher’s Rings in The New Year 2021 With Philatelic Good Cheer and Unprecedented Offerings... The covers for the huge catalogs of public auctions (Our Nos. 745 and 750) Parts I and II of the Stock and Private Holdings of the late William S., Langs. More major auctions of the Langs properties are forthcoming.

February-March 2021:

• William Langs Part 3: United States Essays, Proofs and Trial Colors Including Revenues and Private Die Proprietary Issues. An important sale not to be missed. • William Langs Part 4: The most comprehensive EFOs EVER to be offered • Aero and and Astro-Philatelists will be pleased with a separate catalog Featuring: “Caruso” Collection of Aerophilately, Early Pioneer through Zeppelin Flights Leo Malz Collections of Rocket Mail and Astro Philately • Flagship Sale of United States & Possessions, British & Worldwide Stamps and Postal History—Features include selections from the following collections: Allen Fink, Proprietor of Philatex • Allenwood Investment Holdings Leo Malz further offerings including Yemen Brian McGrath Extensive Collection & Stock • “Bradstreet” Worldwide Collection Stanley Richmond—His personal collection Plus many other consignors’ material • An immense Collections, Stocks and Accumulations of the World Sale which will begin to unveil the true depth and value of the Langs private holdings, along with material from the above consignors and many others. • William Langs Part 5 and Beyond: More Postal History, FDCs, Airmail Flights, Singles, Plate Blocks, Sheets, Coils, Possessions Catalogs of these 2021 Auctions are available. Please ask for details. They’re always ONLINE, TOO!

Daniel F. Kelleher Auctions America’s Oldest Philatelic Auction House • Established 1885

22 Shelter Rock Lane • Unit 53 • Danbury, CT 06810 Phone: 203.830.2500 • Toll Free 800.212.2830 • Fax: +203.297.6059

Email: info@kelleherauctions.com

www.kelleherauctions.com

Keeeher & Rogee, Ltd. Fine Asian Auctions presents

Two Special and Profoundly Serious China Auctions at our Danbury, CT Galleries in February 2021

very now and again, a truly special collection from long-ago resurfaces to capture the imagination and rekindle the collecting passions of days gone by. Such is the case of the remarkable “Legend of the Dragon” collection. As the name would suggest, the overriding emphasis of this stellar collection is based around the iconic Large Dragon issues of the Ching Dynasty. The collection, which has not seen the light of day in well over a generation, begins with a splendid array of the Large Dragon first issues proper, featuring sheets and blocks of the 1878 thin paper issues—in addition to a multitude of select quality mint sets for the 1878 issue, as well as representation of the 1882 Wide Margin and 1883 thick paper printings. Not to be outdone, the 1885 and 1888 Second Customs Small Dragon Issues feature wonderful coverage, include panes, dual panes, a superb showing of mint blocks of 4, rare imperforate proofs, in addition to lovely Small Dragon surcharges, which feature numerous sets of blocks of the Small Figure issues, in addition to a lovely and rare set of blocks of 4 of the Large Figure surcharges. Perhaps the most fascinating portion of the ample Small Dragon section are the nearly dozen lots of the elusive Laurence Gibson or started in “Taiwan Postage Stamp” “Formosa” issues, which feature the stamp business multiples, varieties etc. professionally in the early Following the Customs 1980s with Earl P.L. Issues is a specialized section of Laurence the 1894-1897Apfelbaum. Empress Dowager Issues including a rare, became Far Eastern complete set ofspecialist, First and Printing heavily Large Mother Die Proofs in the AsianBlack Second print proofs of in addition to involved outstanding Philatelic market. Laurence re-drawn designs, exquisite “cigarette” paper proofs, Second oversaw many important Owner”paper sales andetc. A wonderful study of the print proofs on“One white brokered the famous “Sun” 9ca tete-bechecollection pairs are noted, of Red Revenuesincluding a lovely block of 4,

for $2.5 million to a collector. Other notable single owner collections that Gibson has worked with include The Lois Evans Exhibition Collection, The “Knight” Sale of Select Rarities from China, The Fred Freilicher Collection of Hong Kong, The Michael Eugene Ruggiero Collection of Classic Japan, The Bruce Lee Memorabilia Collection, The Lee Yuen Wong Collection of China and The Dr. Steven J. Berlin Collection of Karl Lewis Covers. His experience and knowledge in the industry sets him apart in the philatelic market place.

as well as examples of all six types. Impressive surcharges also. A powerful section of the 1897 Red Revenue issue is included, highlighted by select quality examples of the Small 4c surcharge as well as the $5 value. Perhaps the most extraordinary portion of this legendary collection lies in the remarkable assembly dedicated to the incomparably diverse and wide ranging 1897-1914 postal history of the Coiling Dragon issues. Within the approximately 110 individual lots, we will find some of the finest sections of Large & Small Dollar Chops, Pa-kua cancels, Sun & Moon chops, Tomb stone cancels and Railway postmarks ever offered in one place. The usages and varieties of this issue, in addition to the enormous range of postmarks, designate these issues as some of the most significant in Chinese postal history. The second portion of the Kelleher & Rogers lineup features issues of the Peoples Republic of China formed by a lady presently residing in New York City. In addition to a fine offering of scarce issues, we often find duplicated offerings of the ever-popular miniature sheets, along with full sheets of select issues etc. The collection was formed contemporaneously to the time of issue, and includes five positional blocks of four of the 1981 Monkey New Year issue, imperforate, marginal In 1996, David Coogle co-founded, with Andrew Mei Lan-tang issues, and a choice block of 4 of the second Levitt, the Nutmeg Stamp Military Stamp issue. Sales mail auction firm. In Greg Manning Without any doubt, this K&R fabulous February2004, Public purchased the Nutmeg bran Auction is of such pre-eminent importance that it will andclearly later merged the H.R. Harmer and Nutmeg set the pace for China philately in 2021. Send for your free companies, positioning Dav catalog today. as President. During this All inquiries for these two sales should be directedperiod, to John Bull Stamp Auctions (amongst other Laurence Gibson at Kelleher’s Danbury offices. firms) were acquired by the

Buy • Sell • Consign

stamps@kelleherasia.com • www.kelleherasia.com USA Office: Daniel F. Kelleher Auctions 22 Shelter Rock Ln., Unit 53, Danbury CT 06810 T: +1.203.830.2500 F: 203.297.6059

Buy • Sell • Consign

Manning firm and under the Philatelic Divisions Management Team which included David. He began calling auctions in Hong Kong for the newly founded Dynasty Auctions Company, Ltd., with his friend and business Partner Laurence Gibson as co-owners and enjoys being an owner Director and Auctioneer at Kelleher & Rogers, Ltd.

If you want to learn more about becoming a member of the APRL and subscribing to the PLR, check out the inside back cover of this issue. I urge you to consider joining. On a slightly different topic, the writers who appear in our pages frequently seek assistance with their research. To that end, in this issue we are introducing an Author’s Inquiry feature. If you are an author seeking additional research sources or other scholarly assistance, please send us a brief note. Inquiries of under 100 words will be published on a space-available basis and at the discretion of this journal. Send your inquiries to LetterToTheEditor@stamps.org and be sure to include the words “Author’s Inquiry” in the subject line of your email. Your inquiries may also be published in the PLR. Finally, we appreciate the many readers who have written and commented about the more attractive graphic look of The American Philatelist. We have been working hard to ensure that the visual appearance of each issue serves to enhance the textual material that appears on our pages. I want to give a big shout out to our Graphics Specialist, Chad Cowder, who has really helped us up our game. Thank you, Chad! *** Please keep your feedback coming and share your views. Remember: if you wish to see a perpetually-improving American Philatelist, you – our readers and APS members – must become a part of this exciting journey. Reach out to me with your questions, concerns, and suggestions. Contact us to write for the AP. More importantly, volunteer to participate. This is your American Philatelist. My email is Gary@stamps.org.

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Letters to the Editor lettertotheeditor@stamps.org

The Bando POW camp

I enjoyed reading Harold Krische’s article regarding the Bando POW camp in Japan during the First World War (published in the December 2020 AP). Mr. Krische is a major contributor to the Military Postal History Society (MPHS), and we are fortunate to have on our website a copy of his presentation covering the Ninoshima (Japan) WWI POW camp. This was presented by him at the Smithsonian Postal History Symposium. A copy of that presentation is available for viewing on the website for the MPHS at: http://militaryphs.org/NINO Bob Swanson Box Elder, SD

Passing the Torch

I have been a stamp collector since I was nine years old. A story for another time. I believe the hobby has many social redeeming values, not only a way to create wealth but also to teach about cultural differences of our world. I have taught the hobby to children ages 2-12 in a classroom setting since I have retired. The two youngest are 2½ and 1 years old, Daylyn and Brayton. Before Christmas day this year I devised a way to introduce the hobby to both. Gathering inexpensive mint stamps from all over the world, with birds, fish, animals, and butterflies to name a few, I sat down the oldest, Daylyn, to make a Christmas card for her parents. We began putting stamps on the folded paper soon to become a Christmas card, discussing each one as we went. For the next hour we had fun – and occasionally a stamp would find its way on to Brayton’s cheek and forehead. Next year I will give a stamp album to both of them for Christmas and show them how to properly mount stamps in an album. Morgan J. Christian Jr. Meridian, ID

stamps were affixed. Sorry to pass bad news before the holidays but wanted to let you know that. Being that I can’t go see the kids due to COVID (they are almost always immunocompromised) mail has become and even more important tool to keep in touch through the process, as most of them don’t have phones or computers. Thanks for all your help with it! Lucas Elmore

Something’s Missing Wayne Youngblood’s article, “Something’s Missing,” was accompanied by an intriguing (to me) cover (Figure 3, a 1962 postage due), a business mailing from a bank to one of its customers. It caught my eye for many reasons: the locality address was “City,” so this would have been sent on the eve of the 1963 conversion to Zip Codes; the bar cancellation extension (“Golden Anniversary Dairy Cattle Congress”) highlighted a September classic in Northeast Iowa, an agricultural exposition still operating today now known as the National Cattle Congress, eagerly awaited in 1962 by all Waterloo K-12 students like me because it offered a midway and carnival rides and all schools closed for the first Monday of the fair’s run; the home of the addressee was just two doors down from that of a friend of mine; and finally, because 30 years after this was sent, I worked for the sender, The National Bank of Waterloo. I grew up in Waterloo and have spent most of my life living and working here, but I did not recognize the name of the addressee. My wife and I spent a few hours searching for information about this lady and her husband, and we were amazed at the amount of information we were able to find in our search, almost 60 years after the letter was sent. Mrs. Congleton was born here in the Cedar Valley in 1905, and was a 1923 graduate of Iowa State Teacher’s College (now University of Northern Iowa) in Cedar Falls and was a teacher. She married in 1935, and while we did not confirm whether she continued teaching after her marriage, we suspect that she did because she and her husband, Joe, never had any children. The Congletons moved to the address on the cover sometime around 1943,

Kids, stamps, and the pandemic

Editor’s note: APS member Dave Gill shared with us this letter from a friend. Wanted to write you a quick note and pass some sad, but sweet, news. One of my MAW kids passed away last weekend. His Mom sent me a picture of his hospital room and had decorated his bedside with some of the postcards I sent him with stamps you sent me. She included in the note how much he enjoyed the stamps and how excited he was to get mail in and see what 108 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

Figure 3 from "Something's Missing" (December 2020)

and in the short time between their marriage and that year it was clear that they had experienced significant financial success, as they had relocated several times to increasingly nicer neighborhoods; this Prospect Boulevard property was their last home, Ethel having died in 1983, then Joe in 1996. I have two questions for Mr. Youngblood. First, would the letter have been returned to sender, or would Mrs. Congleton have been assessed the four cents due? I suspect that the latter would have been the case and her letter carrier would have included a small manila payment due envelope with this mailing (possibly followed by a frosty call from Mrs C to her banker). Second, how on earth would so common (to anyone but me, I suppose) an item have entered the philatelic collector stream and when? I enjoyed Mr. Youngblood’s article and had great fun learning about the addressee. Henry E. Edsill Waterloo, IA

Buy and Sell, and Preserve

In the “Buy and Sell” article by Wendy Masorti, “Your Questions Answered,” there is mention of the use of “magic tape” being used to attach stamps in the circuit books. This is a big no-no! The tape contains acid which will destroy the stamps over time. The acid in the tape will cause the stamps to become brittle and crumble and turn into dust. The suggestion to use lighter fluid to remove

the residue from the back of the stamps will do the same thing to the stamps. Where are these people coming from? I thought anybody who had any experience and knowledge about archiving paper products requires the use of acid-free materials to prevent the deterioration from destroying what it is trying to preserve. I strongly support more stern guidelines about adhering to proper materials so the stamps can be preserved and some unsuspecting collector will not end up with disappearing stamps. I would hate to hear about a rare or expensive stamp destroyed. Richard Bolser Salem, AZ

Internet sellers in Editing Philately

Disappointed that you did not mention the stamp store along with the other internet companies. Ed Upton Akron, OH (Editor’s Note: Thanks, Ed. Your point is well taken. Indeed, since my comments were about the health of the philatelic marketplace, I absolutely should have mentioned StampStore. Carol Hoffman, our new Director of Sales, regularly reports that sales are at record or near-record levels.)

FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 109

usually, but not always, on mail where multiple stamps were applied, so that some stamps were placed either too far to the left or too far below the normal extent of the average cancel. Thus, it seems to me that the solution for the new Postmaster General is to order all cancelling devices to be changed or replaced so that the cancel will extend at least half way across and at least half way down the average #10 envelope, thus ensuring that most of the 16% of skips are cancelled in the future. Joseph Scafetta Jr. Falls Church, VA

A plea to cancel, not clobber

A plea to use stamps

Incredulous as it may seem, is it possible there are members of the American Philatelic Society who do not collect stamps, or worse, have disdain for them? That question is generated by the recent receipt of an APS circuit that cost $10.90 to mail yet was posted without a single stamp affixed. What a shame! One of the joys of receiving an APS circuit, beyond the anticipation of its contents, is the opportunity to add a few stamps from the shipping box or wrapper, hopefully highvalue issues, to our collection. Using labels defeats that. So this is an appeal to members forwarding circuits. Please use stamps on the package. It will be greatly appreciated! Michael L. Pauly Urbandale, Iowa (Editor’s Note: It remains APS policy to use genuine U.S. postage stamps on all letters and packages sent by us from the American Philatelic Center. We frequently receive notes of appreciation for both the use of stamps and the careful application of cancellations done by our wonderful mailroom personnel.)

A plea to cancel stamps

For many years, I have wondered how many uncancelled stamps I have been receiving on mail after its delivery to me by the U.S. Postal Service. So, in late December 2019, I decided to find out the entire amount during 2020. Now that the dreaded year is over, I have results to share with all other APS members, in case any of them want to make their own counts. In 2020 which was a leap year, there were 366 days including 52 Sundays and 10 federal holidays on which mail was not delivered, thus leaving 304 days for the actual delivery of mail. I received stamped mail on 115 of those 304 days. The total value of the stamps on that mail was $207.02 of which $33.24 or 16% of the stamps were not cancelled. I noticed that the uncancelled stamps were 110 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

At first, I was thrilled to see that a parcel I had received from Subway Stamp Shop was literally covered with stamps. But a second look brought me consternation. As the photo shows, none of the stamps were canceled, but nine of them were clobbered by a sticker, self-adhesive no doubt, proudly proclaiming that the U.S. Postage Paid amounted to $0.00. The clobberees include an entire Plate Number Block! This brings to mind several questions not meant to be rhetorical. I would welcome answers to them. 1) Is this best collected intact as a rather large cover? It certainly tells a story, although a quizzical one. 2) If I decide to have a soaking frenzy, since most of the stamps have water-activated adhesive, what will I call these stamps? Used But Uncancelled (UBU)? Mint No Gum (MNG)? 3) Has the USPS forgotten what it is supposed to do with stamps when they are used as postage? Jeff Saulich Tallahassee, FL

Author’s Inquiry In this issue of The American Philatelist, we are introducing an occasional feature, Author’s Inquiry. If you are a philatelic author seeking assistance with your research, drop us an email (LetterToTheEditor@stamps.org). Include “Author’s Inquiry” in the subject line. Please keep your message to under 100 words. These will be published on a space-available basis and at the discretion of the editorial department.

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OG lovely523 VF, lovely 523 VF JUMBO 523VF/XF VF/XF OGOGHr,Hr, 523 VF/XF LH, OG523LH,F/VF OG 523 NH, F/VF 523OG F/VFNH, OG NH, 523 F/VF OG NH, 480 SUPERB OG 480 SUPERB 523 VF, 523 VF JUMBO faceface 523 523 OG VF/XF CERT $790 $245cancel free cancel terrific color! color! $385 $675 $675fresh color! $715 Super Color! NH, CERT $790 NH,cancel, NICE! cancel, $245 NICE!free $275$275 terrific $385 Nice! Nice! fresh color! $715$825 Super Color! $825 480 SUPERB OG NH, CERT $790

523 VF, lovely 523 VF JUMBO face 523 VF/XF OG Hr, cancel, NICE! $245 free cancel $275 terrific color! $385

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480 SUPERB OG 523 VF, lovely 523 VF JUMBO face 523 VF/XF OG Hr, 523 VF/XF OG LH, NH, CERT $790 cancel, NICE! $245 free cancel $275 terrific color! $385 Nice! $675

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F/VF OGXF-SUPERB, NH, 524 XF-SUPERB, OG VLH, 524524VFVFOG OG LH, VLH, OG VLH, 524 F/VF OG 524 NH, F/VF 524 VFOGOGNH, NH, nice 524 VF OG NH, nice 523 F/VF OG NH, 523 524 524 F/VF524OGF/VFVLH, LH,super super524 F/VF 524OGF/VF color $910 margins! $65 color nice $125 color centering!524 $145 color deep $299 VF OGfresh LH,fresh super$150 F/VFcolor! OG VLH, 524 $305 F/VF VF OG NH, nice F/VF OGmargins! NH, large 524 XF-SUPERB, 524$125 F/VF OGcentering! VLH, strong color $910523strong large $65 nice $145 color524$150 deep color! $299OG NH, 524 $305 strong color $910 large margins! $65

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In memory of Alexander Ridnik 523 F/VF OG NH, 524 XF-SUPERB, 524 F/VF OG VLH, 524 VF OG LH, super 524 F/VF OG VLH, 524 F/VF OG NH, 524 VF OG NH, nice Alexander Ridnik (Aleksandrs Ridņiks) was one of524 VF OG NH, nice VF524 NH, niceOGlarge 524 OG524 NH, VF/XF OGVF/XF NH, OG 547 F/VF OGOG547 LH, VF+ H, fresh VF OG OG $150 VLH, 547VLH, SUPERB VF/XF NH, NH, 547 LH,F/VF547 547 OG H,VF+ 524524 VFcolor OGOGNH, nice 524VF/XF VF/XF OGVF/XF NH,524OG 524 NH,F/VF OG$145 LH,OGVF+ 547547 H,547 VF OG 547 VFcolor! OG VLH, 547 SUPERB centering! color deep $299547 SUPERB $305 strong $910 margins! $65 nice color $125 color!Fresh! $315 $410 Fresh! $410 CERT85$510CERT $510 Fresh! $99 $110 $110 bold color! JUMBO, Used! $135 color! $315 color! GRD 85 GRD CERT85GRD $510 Fresh! $99Fresh! Fresh! bold color! JUMBO, Used!Used! $135$135 $315 Fresh! $410 $99 Fresh! Fresh! $110$120 bold$120 color! $120 JUMBO, the “old” philatelists, who had wide exchange before WWII. Although he published many “politically correct” articles in Latvian magazine “Zvaigzne” in 50s, 547547 XF547a bold 547aF/VFF/VF OGFine+ VLH,547 OG 547 NH,XF XFGRD OG NH,572 572VFXF-SUP OG573 NH, VF573 NH, gum XFOGOGH,H,F/VF boldOG547a OG547 VLH, Fine+ OGFine+ NH, OG 572NH, F/VF OGOG572 NH,NH,F/VF 572OG XF NH,OG GRD572 XF-SUP OGGRD NH,XF-SUP 573 OG NH, XF OG H, bold VLH, NH, 572 F/VF 572OG NH,572 OG NH,gum OGVFNH,OGgum $135 $145 NICE!OG$165 CERT $225 GRD95 CERT $185 he was sentenced for “selling stamps over catalogue547 524color, VFcolor,OGfresh NH, nice$145524Nice!Nice! VF/XF OG NH,NICE! 524 NH, 547nice! F/VF90$130 OGCERT LH,CERT 547 VF+CERT OGGRD95 H, CERT 547$425 VF OG$425 VLH, bend bend 547 SUPERB fresh $135 $145 SUPERSUPER NICE! $165 nice! $130 $225 90 GRD95 $425 bend $185 color, fresh $135 Nice! SUPER $165VF/XF nice! $130 90 $225 $185 color! $315 Fresh! $410 GRD 85 CERT $510 Fresh! $99 Fresh! $110 bold color! $120 JUMBO, Used! $135 value” (there never was a Soviet catalogue of foreign stamps!), and died in prison. Being old enough to 573 VF/XF OG NH, 573 XF OG NH, GRD 573a F/VF+ OG NH, 573 XF-SUP OG NH, 573 XF-SUP OG NH F/VF+ OG NH, 573 VF OG NH, know him personally, I intend to publish an article573 F/VF+ OG NH,573573nice! VF/XF OG85NH,CERT OG NH, GRDGRD 573a$295 F/VF+ OG NH, car 573lake! XF-SUP$299 OG NH,XF-SUP 573 XF-SUP OG$325 NH 573 XF-SUP F/VF+ OGVFNH,OG NH, 573 VF OG NH, VF/XF 573 NH, 573573$235 XFXF OG NH,90 573a F/VF+ OG NH, 573 OG NH, NH$499 573 GRD CERT GEM! GRD95OG CERT $199 terrific color! $225573OG CERT $235 9090CERT CERT $295 CERT $499 GRD95 CERT $499 nice! $199color! terrific $22585 GRD CERT85 $235 $295 car lake! car$299 lake! $299GEM! $325 GEM!GRD95 $325 nice! $199 terrific $225color!GRD and/or prepare a poster for philatelic exhibition to tell ASK547USXFABOUT OG H, bold OUR 547aNO F/VFINTEREST OG VLH, 547PAYMENT Fine+ OG NH, PLAN! 572 F/VF OG NH, 572 XF OG NH, GRD 572 XF-SUP OG NH, 573 VF OG NH, gum ASK USfresh ABOUT OUR NO INTEREST PAYMENT STEVE MALACK Terms: Payment with order (Check, MO, VISA, MCPLAN! orPLAN! DIS). ASK US ABOUT OUR NO INTEREST PAYMENT color, $135 Nice! $145 SUPER NICE! $165P&H addnice! $130 90 CERT $225 GRD95 CERT $425 bend $185 collectors about the fate of a philatelist in USSR. Any $1.50. 10-day Guarantee! SASE for U.S. pricelist! MALACK STEVE Terms:order Payment with order MO,MC VISA, MC or DIS). P&Hadd add STEVE P.o. Box MALACK 5628, Endicott, NY 13763 Terms: Payment with (Check, MO,(Check, VISA, orcomplete DIS). P&H 607-862-9441 (Ph/Fax) • STEVE@MALACK.COM $1.50. 10-day/SASE Guarantee! SASE for complete U.S.and pricelist!CoINS $1.50. 10-day Guarantee! for complete U.S. pricelist! wE BUY SELL StAMPS P.o. Box 5628, Endicott, NY 13763 P.o. Box 5628, Endicott, NY 13763 information is welcome, especially images of enve607-862-9441 (Ph/Fax)(Ph/Fax) • STEVE@MALACK.COM 607-862-9441 • STEVE@MALACK.COM BUY StAMPS / SELL StAMPS CoINS wE BUY / wE SELL andand CoINS lopes received from Aleksandrs Ridniks (Alexander Ridnik), Liepaja, Latvia (Latvian SSR, Latvijas PSR) 573 F/VF+ OG NH, 573 VF OG NH, 573 VF/XF OG NH, 573 XF OG NH, GRD 573a F/VF+ OG NH, 573 XF-SUP OG NH, 573 XF-SUP OG NH lake! $299 GEM! $325 GRD95 CERT $499 nice! $199 terrific color! $225 GRD 85 CERT $235 90 CERT $295 from 1930 till 1960. Find the rarecargem Edvards Lavrinovics, jobs@apollo.lv ASK US ABOUT OUR NO INTEREST PAYMENT PLAN!

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

We encourage readers to send their comments, questions and feedback to The American Philatelist. Submission of a letter implies consent to publish, unless specifically prohibited by the sender. The decision of whether to publish is made by the editorial staff of The American Philatelist. Generally, letters will be published unless determined to be offensive, disrespectful, libelous, slanderous or not chiefly related to the stamp hobby. The opinions expressed in a Letter to the Editor are those of the author and not The American Philatelist. We do not publish or accept requests for the publication of anonymous letters. To allow more Letters to the Editor, you are respectfully requested to limit submissions to 500 words or less. If your submission is longer, the editorial team will ask you to resubmit a shorter version, or provide you a copy of an edited version to review prior to publication. Submit your letters to letterstotheeditor@stamps. org or mail a typewritten copy to: Letter to the Editor, The American Philatelist, 100 Match Factory Place, Bellefonte, PA 16823.

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PUB_EN_A4_AmericanPhilatelist_185.67x254_2020_NEWText.indd 6

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FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 111

Fancy Cancels

I thoroughly enjoyed Mr. Kirke’s article “New York Foreign Mail Cancels on the Large Bank Notes, 1870-75” and only wish the late Dick Graham and I had had access to his wealth of information when putting together the book “Cancellations and Killers of the Bank Note Era 1870-1894” in 1995. However, that is the thing about research. It is always moving us forward. Again, well done on the article and I look forward to part two. Jim Cole State College, PA

Erratum DECEMBER “To Good Health”. The phrase “Sanity Fairs” should read “Sanitary Fairs.”

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VATICAN CITY YEAR SETS Year 2018 2017 2016 2015

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112 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

Wish Central

“Making Buying & Selling Wishes a Reality!” From Classics to Back-of-Book, please visit www.garyposnerinc.com where you will find to the right on our home page a “CLICK HERE” link to the many singles and multiples we have listed at Collectors Corner. Enjoy another Great Resource for Buyers— Our eBay Store: www.ebay.com/str/garyposner—with a Best Offer Option ! Gary Posner

#174. 1875 15¢ Bright Orange Special Printing, Unused Fine-Very Fine, Without Gum As Issued, Scissor Separated As Always, Dazzling Color, a Lovely Special Printing of Which Only 39 are Known, with Two Philatelic Foundation Certificates, 100% Sound, Only 39 Known. SCV $15,500 Our List Price $11,000 Special Ad Price $9,950

#175. 1875 24¢ Dull Purple Special Printing, Fine-Very Fine, Without Gum As Issued, a Premium Example Of This Special Printing with Gorgeous Rich Color and a PSE Certificate, 100% Sound, Only 110 Known. SCV $5,000 Our List Price $6,000 Special Ad Price $5,250

Have Similar?

If you have individual pieces or a collection, it will pay you to call Bob Prager at 800-323-4279 to arrange for its lucrative sale or consignment. We are ALWAYS looking for U.S. & Foreign Collections from $5,000 to $5,000,000

#70d. 1861 24¢ Pale Gray Violet, Used with Lovely Red Transit & Exchange Marks, Very Fine, an Incredible Example Of The Pale Gray Violet Shade, Small Toned Spots of Little Consequence, with Crowe Certificate. SCV $3,290 Our List Price $4,000 Special Ad Price $3,600

#C3 Variety. 1918 24¢ Carmine Rose & Blue “Grounded Plane,” Bottom Margin Block of 4, O.G., Never Hinged (P.F. States Previously Hinged, In Which the P.S.E. and We Disagree), a Striking Extreme Downward Vignette Shift with Wheels Almost Entirely into “Cents”, Rich Vibrant Colors, Fresh Paper, Bottom Left Stamp with Trivial Light Natural Wrinkle (P.F. Calls Small Internal Crease, Extremely Fine, ex-“Saddleback,” J. Hoffman & W. Gross. One of the Finest Known Multiples of this Variety, Showing One of the Most Extreme of the “Grounded Plane” Shifts Shifts. Our List Price $45,000 Special Ad Price $41,500

#5X1. 1846 Brattleboro, Vt. 5¢ Black on Buff Provisional, Position 8, Margins Huge at Top Showing Significant Portion of Adjacent Stamp, Ample at Right and at Bottom Showing Traces of “Engd. by Thos. Chubbuck, Bratto.” Imprint, Bit in at Left, Tied by Red Straight Line “Paid” Handstamp on 1846 Folded Letter to Lewis B. Woodruff in New York, Matching “Battleboro, Vt., Sep 18” CDS, Very Fine, ex-Hatfield and Bingham. with 1968 P.F. Certificate. An Attractive Cover and One of Only Three on Cover Usages Showing any Portion of the Imprint. Scott Value in Italics $25,000 Our List Price $22,000 Special Ad Price $19,500

#3. 1875 5¢ Red Brown Reproduction, Mint, No Gum As Issued, extremely Fine, with a PSE Certificate. Our List Price $1,000 Special Ad Price $900

Wanted to Buy! #230. 1893 1¢ Columbian Deep Blue, Mint, Extremely Fine-Superb Jumbo, Never Hinged Original Gum with a PSE Certificate Grading this an XFSup 95J Mint, OGnh. SMQ $650 Our List Price $650 nc Special Ad Price $595

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#142 Used SOUND, F-VF or Better. We Need This NOW and Are Ready to Pay Generous Prices. If you have this or other rarities, or if you seek rarities for your collection, phone Bob Prager at 800-323-4279.

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Our Story BY Scott English Executive Director scott@stamps.org

The Second Virtual Summer Seminar

the November issue of The American Philatelist, I wrote about the challenges we faced planning for 2021 given the pandemic, distribution of the vaccine, and APS members’ willingness to participate in inperson events. After careful consideration and consultation with instructors and members, we will not hold the Summer Seminar in person in 2021. Before making any decision, we evaluated the usable space within the American Philatelic Center based on probable space restrictions by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Based on those estimates, we would have had to reduce classroom sizes to approximately 60 percent of typical capacity. We also anticipated restrictions on large group gatherings, such as the morning general sessions and all evening activities. In short, group restrictions would negatively impact the social environment that many attendees value the most. We also polled instructors and frequent attendees to get a sense of participation. While many of the instructors expressed no reservations about attending or teaching a course, other attendees were more hesitant. In total, less than 40 percent indicated they were very likely to participate in the Summer Seminar in 2021. Given the interest in participating, we believed the Seminar would be too limited and would likely operate at a loss for the APS. As of this writing, vaccinations are off to a slow start. Though vaccines are getting out for distribution, the number of vaccinations is lower than projected. We are hopeful the vaccinations will increase as time moves Robert Mason. Photo credit to on, but other factors, such Ellen Peachey. as variants, could stretch the period of restrictions. Without widescale herd immunity, we know we’ll continue to operate under government-mandated limits on space and size for larger events. So, given the health and safety concerns, likely restrictions, smaller participation, and financial risks, we are taking the step of canceling the Summer Seminar again in 2021. It’s not an easy decision given the benefit of bringing together APS 114 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

Wayne Youngblood's course, Summer Seminar 2019. This year’s Seminar will be held virtually.

members here in Bellefonte and the tremendous learning opportunities for everyone involved. It’s also a chance for friends to spend time together while sharing the hobby we love. This year, we will be hosting another Virtual Summer Seminar online. In 2020, we had 1,000 registrants participate in courses over June. Now, members are even more comfortable with online meeting platforms, and we will have time to organize classes and work with instructors to make the most of the event. While we will not host more than 50 courses as we did in 2020, we will provide in-depth learning experiences and free classes and bring a social element to our Virtual Summer Seminar. We always welcome your thoughts. If you have suggestions or questions about the Virtual Summer Seminar, please contact the Education Department at education@ stamps.org. For more information about the Virtual Summer Seminar, including registration, please visit our website at www.stamps.org/summer-seminar today.

Mortgage Debt Repayment Update In the December 2020 issue, I wrote about our plan to eliminate the Match Factory mortgage debt. At the time of that article, we had only an estimate on the Estate of Robert Mason. In December, we concluded the account and received a lump-sum payment of $877,000, which along with additional funds paid off the mortgage debt on December 24, 2020. We are grateful to the many members who have supported our debt relief efforts, to our APS and APRL Boards, and our excellent team in Bellefonte for helping to make this a reality. In 2021, I will share more about where the APS will go now that we’ve eliminated the mortgage debt.

Selling? I’m the guy to turn to! READ: We Sell us your old Collections. PLEASE have a fierce demand RIGHT NOW for US & I’m Buying With Solid Cash. worldwide material,

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FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 115

The Philatelist as Social Historian PETER CONGREVE

ike many collectors, my journey in philately has been an evolution. From my initial interests in the administrative and logistical aspects of postal history – the stamps used, the rates they paid, the cancellations they bore, and the routes they traveled – I began to appreciate that covers were also important primary documents in the field of social history, capable of unveiling much about the historical experiences of the correspondents in the context of the times in which they lived. With this perspective, philatelists, in their preservation of covers, are the custodians of important historical artifacts and have much to contribute to the field of social history. In this article, I document the process I went through and the resources I used to research the social history of one representative cover from my collection. To make the process as accessible as possible to anyone who is interested in exploring similar aspects of their own collection, I only used resources that are free and publicly available to anyone with an internet connection. I conclude by placing the research in the context of contemporaneous world events. Our case study (Figure 1) is a January 22, 1948, cover sent to “MR J A BAYNE” of Niagara Falls in the state of New York, from Hobart in Tasmania, Australia. Several aspects of the cover led me to add it to my collection, including the use of the H.F.A. handstamp (Figure 2). The H.F.A. handstamp has been recorded on numerous covers from the Australian states of South Australia, New South Wales, and Tasmania. Four types are known for Hobart, of which this example is Type I, and is the earliest recorded example for Hobart (Figure 3). It is not clear what H.F.A. stood for, but as these are seen on covers in which postage has been deficient, I believe it to mean “Held For Adjustment.” On this cover, the Postage Paid of 2½d was not sufficient for the 3½d surface letter rate to non-Empire countries. Another point of interest was the cover’s contents:

116 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

Figure 1. 1948 (January 22) cover addressed to Mr. J A Bayne, 2221 La Salle Ave, Niagara Falls, New York, USA, franked with red 2½d Paid cancellation. Additional 1942 2½d KGVI and 1943 1d QE definitives were subsequently affixed, paying the correct 3½d surface letter rate to non-British Empire countries, and tied by Type I Hobart H.F.A. (Held For Adjustment?) handstamps.

Figure 2. The HFA handstamps from Figure 1 processed through retroreveal.org.

Figure 3. Details of the H.F.A. handstamps from Hobart, courtesy of the British Society of Australian Philately.

the original Tattersall’s (lottery) inclusions for “Tattersall’s 82nd £10,000 Cash Consultation” (drawn January 27, 1948, Figure 4) [Note 1]. However, central to the theme of this article is that this post-war cover was sent from Australia to a U.S. address. Was the addressee an Australian based in the U.S., or a U.S. citizen connected with Australia, and if so, in what capacity? My research does not usually begin with Google. Unless the cover is associated with someone of historic note or significance, a more efficient and productive entry point is through digitized newspaper archives or a genealogical database. As I begin to build upon my initial observations about the cover, I extend the search to encompass local and national government and library archives, digitized books (found through archive.org and Google Books), forums, and various online websites, including those maintained by special interest groups such as local historical societies or keen hobbyists. For Australian content, I utilize the newspaper archives at TROVE (https:// trove.nla.gov.au/). For U.S. information, I use Fulton History (https:// fultonhistory.com/) and Chronicling America (https://chroniclingamerica. loc.gov/). For information specific to California, the California Digital Newspaper Collection (https://cdnc. ucr.edu/), a project of the Center for Bibliographical Studies and Research (CBSR) at the University of California, is a particularly useful resource. For genealogical information and other sources of historical documentation, I primarily use FamilySearch (https:// www.familysearch.org/). In the case of this cover, I commenced with the Australian newspaper archives available through TROVE. TROVE is a collaboration between the National Library of Australia and its partners to provide free access to more than six billion digital items held in libraries, museums, galleries, the media, government and community organizations throughout Australia. FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 117

Figure 4a. Enclosed memo in Figure 1 cover. By virtue of Bayne’s ticket in the previous draw having the same two terminal numbers as the first prize winner in Tattersall’s 81st £10,000 Cash Consultation (Ticket #97529), he was entitled to a free ticket in the subsequent draw. No application was necessary. From: “TATTERSALLS 81st £10,000 CASH CONSULTATION,” Miners' Advocate (January 21, 1948). https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/69069300

I started my TROVE research by limiting my initial inquiries to “Newspapers & Gazettes,” being careful not to use keyword combinations that are too restrictive, allowing for the myriad of ways in which people and events may have been reported. As an example, a search for “J. A. Bayne,” further filtered to articles published in the period 1940-1949, yields no relevant results. However, searching for “Bayne” and “Niagara” (1,833 possible results spread over 92 pages without filtering) produces 12 results with the 1940-1949 filter, of which the first five are relevant. The first result returned by TROVE is a wedding notice from the Williamstown Chronicle of August 27, 1943, reporting on the marriage of “Justin A. Bayne, of the U.S. Forces” (United States Marine Corps), the “only son of Mr.

and Mrs. W. A. Bayne, Niagara Falls, New York,” and “Miss Sylvia Sands, younger daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. Roy Sands” of Williamstown (Figure 5). They were married in the Holy Trinity Church, in Williamstown [Note 2], located on the shore of Hobsons Bay, 11 km (6.8 mi) south-west of Melbourne’s central business district. Sylvia was given away by her father. Her sister, “Mrs. David Underwood” (Doris Sinclair Sands had married David Underwood in 1938) [Note 3], acted as bridesmaid; her niece, Deidre, as flower girl. Sylvia’s brother, Supply Assistant L. Sands, Royal Australian Navy, acted as Justin Bayne’s best man. According to his Record of Mobilized Service, available through the National Archives of Australia (https://www.naa.gov.au/), Leslie Albert Edward Sands (b.1917) was then serving at the naval base HMAS Lonsdale in nearby Port Melbourne [Note 4]. Family notices, such as weddings, funerals and obituaries, are particularly valuable sources of information (as demonstrated above) as they will often list the names of spouses, siblings, children (daughters by maiden and/ or married name), and extended family members. These names can help broaden the research parameters and enrich the social history, while providing perhaps the only direct publicly-documented links between individuals. Middle names can also provide clues to the family names of grandparents. This can be particularly valuable in a time when women, after marriage, were often referred to by their husband’s names alone. Another common practice in newspapers of using initials instead of an individual’s given name(s) can also prove frustrating to research but can occasionally be overcome by substituting the common names of the period in your searches. Popular baby names in the U.S., broken down

Figure 4b. List of prizes for Tattersall’s £10,000 Cash Consultations, enclosed in the Figure 1 cover. 118 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

by decade, can be found at the website for the Social Security Administration (https://www.ssa.gov/oact/babynames/ decades/). When you conduct searches by name, also consider abbreviations that were occasionally used. Some common examples include “Chas” for Charles, “Thos” for Thomas, “Doris” for Dorothy, and “Madge” for Margaret. Searches should not be limited to names alone. A search of an address can also yield results that might otherwise be overlooked. In researching the Sands family, I found that Sylvia’s parents lived at 3 Charles Street in Williamstown [Note 5]. They were keen sailors and members of the Williamstown Royal Yacht Club [Note 6]. Sylvia’s father, Arthur Roy Sands, was a foreman shipwright at the Hobson’s Bay Floating Dry Dock, Melbourne Steamship Company [Note 7], and with the help of his wife and daughters built the 34-sloop Carola in their backyard in the 1930s [Note 8] (Figure 6). By limiting my search to the address alone I also found that in 1933 Roy was advertising “YACHTS - Perfect models, well built and guaranteed to sail, 3ft. to 5ft. 3 Charles St., Williamstown” [Note 9]. Through my research I also discovered that this was not Sylvia Sands’ first relationship with a member of the U.S. military. On August 7, 1942, the day U.S. Marines landed on the beaches of Guadalcanal marking the commencement of the Guadalcanal Campaign, the Williamstown Chronicle reported on her engagement with Private First Class (PFC) Joseph John Firtko (1918-2002) of Racine, Wisconsin. They had celebrated their engagement at the Orient Hotel in Melbourne, on August 1, 1942 [Note 10]. There is no publicly available record of the circumstances that eventually lead to the end of their engagement, but from Joseph’s obituary in The Journal Times we know he survived the war as a “decorated veteran who served in the United States Army during World War II in the South Pacific Theatre” and “was united in marriage to Marie D. Riva” in 1953 [Note 11]. By coincidence, Joseph’s name would appear in print again exactly one year later, on August 7, 1943, in the Syracuse Herald-Journal reporting on his participation in the fighting at Buoisi Ridge in New Guinea [Note 12]. I turned next to the genealogical database, FamilySearch. FamilySearch traces its roots back to the Genealogical Society of Utah, founded in 1894, and through its employees and volunteers maintains a free, online searchable database

Figure 4c. Enclosed ticket #154711. A check of the winning numbers in Tattersall’s 82nd £10,000 Cash Consultation published in the Miners' Advocate on Thursday, January 29, 1948, (below) shows that this was not a winning ticket. The first prize number, #82391, also meant that Bayne was not entitled to a free 5/- ticket based on the two terminal numbers. The £10,000 first prize in the 82nd draw was won by a syndicate of 60 men from Hobart who worked in the Hobart Post Office or Tramways Department. Sources: “TATTERSALLS 82nd £10,000 CASH CONSULTATION,” Miners' Advocate (January 29, 1948). https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/69070568; “60 Share in £10,000 Prize,” Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners’ Advocate (January 28, 1948). https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/ article/134316695

FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 119

Figure 5. A wedding notice from the Williamstown Chronicle of August 27, 1943. Accessed through TROVE.

Figure 6. Arthur Roy Sands’ sloop Carola, built with his family’s help and reported in The Australasian on November 13, 1937. Accessed through TROVE.

containing an estimated 4+ billion names. FamilySearch has a strong holding of U.S.-based records and enables users to search state census information as well as the decennial U.S. census up to 1940. Due to the 72-year rule, the U.S. government does not release personally identifiable information about an individual until 72 years after it was collected. Therefore, the 1950 census will not be available until 2022. Looking for more information on Justin A. Bayne, resident of Niagara Falls, FamilySearch yielded copies of the 1920 and 1930 U.S. census [Note 13-14], which list the Bayne family at 2221 La Salle Avenue, the address on our cover (Figure 7). The census records also show that Justin had two sisters, Rita (b.1915) and Vernette (b.1919). My search also yielded passenger manifests for Justin and Sylvia documenting their journeys between Australia and the United States, as well as Sylvia’s application for a resident alien’s border crossing identification card (Figure 8) which provides personal information about her height (5’9”), weight (137lb), complexion (med.), hair color (brown), eye color (brown) and employment (Comptometer Operator) [Note 15]. Expanding the search to Bayne’s family allowed me to extend his family tree back to his grandparents which includes his maternal grandfather, the famous local brewer, 120 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

Prosper Peuquet [Note 16]. Linked to FamilySearch, but also searchable through their dedicated websites, are Find a Grave (https://www. findagrave.com/) and Billion Graves (https://billiongraves. com/). These websites work to preserve information and images from cemeteries around the world. The location of graves, together with photographs and transcriptions of the gravestones, are constantly being added to the sites by volunteers. Entries may also provide links to the graves of other known family members which can be invaluable in expanding the search. In some cases, contributors have added personal photographs of the deceased, short biographies, and/or obituaries. From Justin Bayne’s obituary, on the Find a Grave website (attributed to the Buffalo News), Justin A. “Justy” Bayne was born February 8, 1918, in Niagara Falls, and died May 19, 2000, age 82, in Mount St. Mary’s Hospital, Lewiston, after a lengthy illness. As a WWII Marine Corps veteran, he served in southwestern Pacific, participating in the Guadalcanal campaign. A longtime employee of Moore Business Forms in Niagara Falls (1940-1972) and in Dover, New Hampshire (1972-1976), he was head of the model shop, making scale models of equipment prototypes, when

Figure 7. The 1930 census lists the Bayne family in Niagara Falls. Accessed through FamilySearch.

Figure 8. Sylvia’s resident alien’s border crossing identification card. Accessed through FamilySearch.

he retired [Note 17]. Of immediate interest to our story is that on Justin’s death he was married not to Sylvia Sands of Williamstown, but to Eleanor Doty of Niagara Falls. On the presumption that Eleanor may have also passed away in the interim 20 years since her husband’s death, I moved focus to Google in the hopes that a name search would reveal information from either a local newspaper's website or one of the many funeral service companies that now provide virtual memorials. In Eleanor’s case, I found both. From her obituary in the Niagara Falls Gazette (https:// www.niagara-gazette.com/), I found that Eleanor (19242018) married Justin Bayne on August 29, 1949 [Note 18]. In neither her obituary nor Justin Bayne’s did I find the name of Sylvia (Sands) Bayne, or a suggestion that Justin had been in a previous marital relationship. From my research in the TROVE newspaper archives and in FamilySearch, I learned that after Sylvia’s marriage to Justin, she sailed to the U.S. aboard the Swedish cargo-liner, SS Goonawarra, arriving in San Francisco, California, on June 16, 1944 (Figure 9) [Note 19]. I learned that she stayed

briefly with her sister-in-law, Rita, in California, on her way to Justin’s parents in Niagara Falls where she was to reside until he returned from active duty [Note 20]. I learned that in September 1947, they returned to Australia aboard the Marine Phoenix [Note 21], and on January 5, 1948, Justin boarded the Marine Phoenix once more to return to the U.S. alone [Note 22]. We know he married Eleanor in August 1949. Are there any clues to what happened in the U.S. newspaper archives? Of the previously mentioned U.S. newspaper archives, the best results come from Fulton History. The website can be searched directly, or through the alternative front end Fulton Search (https://fultonsearch.org/). Exploring Fulton History provides a myriad of references to Justin and to Sylvia in the Niagara Falls Gazette. In the October 6, 1943, edition, the Niagara Falls Gazette reprinted the wedding notice from the Williamstown Chronicle as a “wedding of interest.” It occupies the column next to a report of Vernette’s marriage to Raymond Genter, with whom Justin enlisted in the USMC on January 6, 1942 [Note 23]. In the August 21, 1947, edition Justin FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 121

and Sylvia are reported as returning to Australia to visit Sylvia’s parents, driving first to San Francisco, where they were to stay with Rita before sailing for Australia on September 2nd. Unfortunately, thereafter, the available records do not have enough information to determine the reasons behind their separation or Sylvia’s fate after her return to Australia in 1947. This cover, and the relationship between Sylvia and Justin, takes us back to an important period of social and cultural upheaval in Australia, and as such the cover should also be examined in the context of contemporaneous world events. In the previously mentioned August 21, 1947, Niagara Falls Gazette article announcing their return to Australia, the report concludes by noting: “An Australian war bride, Mrs Bayne has been in this country for more than three years and was the first bride to come to Niagara Falls from that country. She was a Figure 9. The May 27, 1944, passenger manifests of the SS Goonawarra. Accessed through member of the first group of brides to FamilySearch. leave Australia” [Note 24]. differences were soon set aside in March with an allied “Get Sylvia was just 21 years old [Note Together” party hosted by the U.S. Forces at the Melbourne 25] when, in early 1942, Melbourne became the initial Cricket Ground [Note 27]. headquarters for the Allied military effort in the south-west While we don’t know the circumstances of Sylvia’s first Pacific, playing host to more than 30,000 U.S. servicemen. meetings with Joseph Firtko and Justin Bayne, it may have By mid-1942 however, the allied HQ had relocated to Brisresulted through Sylvia’s mother, who in her role as manbane and the initial influx of U.S. servicemen was progresageress of the Williamstown Camp Concert Party had by sively deployed for frontline service. Joseph Firtko would November 1943 “travelled thousands of miles to Victorian have been one of these servicemen. and American camps during past few years and [had] given In early 1943, the void left by the initial U.S. contingent over 400 concerts to thousands of appreciative troops” [Note was filled by the arrival of 15,000 battle-weary young men 28]. Irrespective of how they met, Sylvia was just one of an of the First Marine Division, who arrived in Melbourne on estimated 12,000 to 15,000 Australian women who married a nine-month sojourn following the Guadalcanal campaign American servicemen during World War Two, with many (August 7, 1942 – February 9, 1943). It was to this group immigrating to the U.S. to begin their new lives as War Brides that Justin Bayne belonged. between 1943 and 1946; “the largest contingent of women, For many young Melbourne women, with the vast babies and children ever to leave Australia” [Note 29]. majority of single, eligible young Australian men deployed Thus, an unassuming cover has provided us with a around the world, the allure of the American servicemen, glimpse into a largely forgotten episode of Australian-U.S. fueled by the glamor of Hollywood movies and no doubt relations. With the ever-growing body of archival materithe uncertainty of the times, proved irresistible. As a conals such as letters, magazines, diaries, newspapers, and oral sequence, relationships flourished despite the outcries of histories freely available online to researchers, there is no “immoral” behavior coming from voices within the governbetter time for philatelists to start preserving, researching ment and church. and sharing the stories their covers reveal to further the For the Australian servicemen coming home on leave, social history record. the Americans were “over-paid, over-sexed and over here.” It was therefore only a matter of time before tensions boiled Notes over, and in February 1943 a street brawl, termed the 1. “Advertising,” Voice (January 24, 1948). http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-arti“Battle of Melbourne,” erupted between U.S. Marines and cle220429193 the men of the AIF Ninth Division [Note 26]. Fortunately, 2. “WEDDING BELLS,” Williamstown Chronicle (August 27, 1943). http://nla. 122 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

gov.au/nla.news-article70718023 3. “CONCENTRATES,” Williamstown Chronicle (March 19, 1938). http://nla. gov.au/nla.news-article70688058 4. NAA: A6770, SANDS L A E, https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=4509632 5. “CAMP CONCERT PARTY,” Williamstown Chronicle (November 5, 1943). http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article70718400 6. “Williamstown’s (Victoria) Royal Yacht Club Boasts a Cruiser Manned by Seamaids,” The Australasian (November 13, 1937). http://nla.gov.au/nla. news-article141811654 7. “FOUNDERING OF LIGHTER OFF COAST,” The Argus (December 4, 1943). http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11799262 8. “BUILT AT HOME,” The Argus (January 21, 1936). http://nla.gov.au/nla. news-article11875129 9. “Advertising,” The Herald, 1933 (December 16, 1933). http://nla.gov.au/nla. news-article243208727 10. “WILLIAMSTOWN YOUNGER SET,” Williamstown Chronicle (August 7, 1942). http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article70715139 11. “Obit: Joseph J. Firtko,” The Journal Times (June 5, 2002). https://journaltimes.com/news/local/obituaries/obit-joseph-j-firtko/article_28910d273a9c-5947-94e0-8c635fd0cadb.html 12. “New Guinea Ridges Make Hard Going,” Syracuse Herald-Journal (August 7, 1943). https://fultonhistory.com/ 13. “United States Census, 1920,” FamilySearch, New York > Niagara > Niagara Falls Ward 9 > ED 121 > image 38 of 54; citing NARA microfilm publication T625 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.). 14. “United States Census, 1930,” FamilySearch, New York > Niagara > Niagara Falls > ED 65 > image 12 of 54; citing NARA microfilm publication T626 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2002). 15. “New York, Northern Arrival Manifests, 1902-1956,” FamilySearch, Buffalo, Lewiston, Niagara Falls, and Rochester > Soundex: B-455 George to B-536 Beverly > image 2509 of 8180; citing NARA microfilm publication M1480 and M1482 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.). 16.“New York, County Marriages, 1847-1848; 1908-1936,” FamilySearch, Niagara > Marriage records, 1913-1917, vol 2 > image 152 of 590; citing county clerk offices from various counties, New York. 17. “Justin A “Justy” Bayne,” Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/96209885/justin-a-bayne 18. “Eleanor D. Bayne,” Niagara Falls Gazette. https://obituaries.niagara-

gazette.com/obituary/eleanor-bayne-1070792443 19. “California, San Francisco Passenger Lists, 1893-1953,” FamilySearch, 378 - Jan 11 - Aug 2, 1944 > image 150 of 837; citing NARA microfilm publication M1410 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.). 20. “MAINLY PERSONAL,” Williamstown Chronicle (June 30, 1944). http:// nla.gov.au/nla.news-article70680679 21. “New Zealand, Archives New Zealand, Passenger Lists, 1839-1973,” FamilySearch, Auckland (other ports also listed) > 1947 > Marine Phoenix > image 7 of 23; Archives New Zealand, Wellington. 22. “United States, California, List of United States Citizens Arriving at San Francisco, 1930-1949,” FamilySearch, > image 1 of 1; citing NARA publication M1439. (College Park, MD.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.) 23. “WEDDINGS,” Niagara Falls Gazette (October 6, 1943). Fulton History 24 “Falls Couple to Visit Wife’s Australian Home,” Niagara Falls Gazette (August 21, 1947). Fulton History 25. “Notes of the Week,” Williamstown Chronicle (December 19, 1941). http:// nla.gov.au/nla.news-article70713689 26. Darian-Smith, Kate, and Jenzen, Rachel. OVER-PAID, OVER-SEXED OVER HERE? (City Gallery, 2010). https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/ SiteCollectionDocuments/over-paid-catalogue.pdf 27. “AUSTRALIANS AND AMERICANS ENJOY “GET TOGETHER” PARTY,” The Australasian (March 20, 1943). http://nla.gov.au/nla.newsarticle142146388 28. “CAMP CONCERT PARTY,” Williamstown Chronicle (November 5, 1943). http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article70718400 29. Nicole Hansson, “Australian American WWII War Brides,” Australian Women in New York (Accessed November 2, 2020). https://australianwomeninnewyork.org/2015/10/22/explore-a-little-known-chapter-of-historythe-australian-war-brides

Peter Congreve was born in Australia, but lives in Japan with his wife and two children. He enjoys all aspects of philately, marcophily, and postal history, especially collecting and researching covers as primary sources of postal, social and genealogical history. You can find him on Twitter (@stampden).

For Further Reading

Recommendations from the APRL research staff: “Postal History vs. Social History,” Fricke, Charles A. American Philatelist, January 2009 (Article). “An Example of Philately as Social History,” Berg, Charles. COMPEX 83/86, May 27-29, 1994. (Article)

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he Author

“Intertwining of Philatelic and Social History,” Hahn, Calvet M. Postal History Journal, February 1998. (Article) The Social and Economic Importance of Postal Reform in 1840. Allam, David R. (Batley, West Yorkshire: Harry Hayes, 1976). G5741 .P859 A416s Social Philately: Letters from the Loneliest Island in the World. Peck, Richard C. (Clarence St, NSW, Australia: Richard Peck, 1991). G9172 .T7 P367s Many Graded Stamps from 80–100

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FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 123

Researching Confederate States Stamps and Postal History PATRICIA A. KAUFMANN

erate history advocates object to the word “toxic” used to describe the current public view. But that is the present-day I was first introduced to Confederate postal history in association as we witness public gatherings of neo-Nazis 1965. I was fascinated. By the end of the 1960s, I had joined who wave the swastika flag and the Confederate battle flag APS and the Confederate Stamp Alliance (CSA). Immeditogether at the same rally. ately, I was actively engaged in organized philately in its It is no wonder some equate the Confederate States to many aspects. But my favorite endeavor has always been Nazi Germany. Lest you scoff at that notion, let me relate researching and writing about the postal artifacts of the a phone call I received only yesterday. A woman called to American Civil War, an area which offers so many fascinatsee if I did appraisals. I told her that ing philatelic topics. I only appraised stamps from the I love history. Simply put, hisAmerican Civil War (I didn’t even tory is the study of the past. The say Confederate) and thus was likely people of the past, the decisions not the right person to help her. She they made, why they made them, countered with – and I quote, “like and the consequences of those deciHitler?” Wow! I was thunderstruck. sions. It is not only interesting, but We are trapped by this undesirable the perspectives of the past have a association. The scholarly pursuit of lasting impact on the future. the topic of the Confederate postal Continuity and change are system is caught in the cross-fire. It inevitable. The causes and effects should not be so - but it is. of our past have an unmistakable This unsettling conversation importance to the course of our could be proof of how poorly edufuture. The study of our past is cated the general public is about crucial. The expectation is that we history or geography – or simply learn from mistakes of the past or, say much about how easily the study as conventional wisdom asserts, we of the history of the Confederacy are destined to repeat them. can be dismissed because of negative “A Dirty Word” associations. But the average philatThe title of this article includes elist is, more often than not, a lover “Confederate” because that is most- Figure 1. Senatorial candidate Abraham Lincoln in of history and more knowledgeable 1858, dressed in a white coat during the Lincolnly what I research and write about Douglas debate. about our past than the general pub– the stamps and postal history of lic. Philatelists and postal historians the Confederate States of America must educate wherever possible as during the American Civil War (1861-65). But the word we study Civil War stamps and the handling of the mail Confederate has become toxic to the general public. during this turbulent period. The Confederacy is equated with slavery, racism, bigWe know that removing statues and symbols won’t otry, and all manner of other evil things. Hardcore Confedmake history go away, or erase the impact of the past on us

History and Postal History

124 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

today. So I do not aim to eradicate the word “Confederate” from all philatelic dialogue. What else would you call the Confederate States of America Post Office Department? Replace it with some euphemistic alternative? I think not. From a historical perspective, we should harken back to the warning from Abraham Lincoln in his “House Divided” senatorial campaign speech in 1858, in which he famously stated, “A house divided against itself cannot stand,” drawing from the Bible in which Jesus states, “And if a house be divided against itself, that house cannot stand” (Gospel of Mark 3:25). Similar language is found in other books of the Bible, as well as in other Lincoln speeches (Figure 1). It is approaching Thanksgiving as I write this in postelection 2020 – an election as yet unconceded. We are dealing with a global pandemic, dire economic conditions, and nationwide unrest over police brutality and systemic racism. We are struggling to find a unified way forward in our deeply divided county. My hope is that we as a nation can cease the “them” or “us” mindset and just get along. We are all Americans. Right. Left. North. South. Americans all. Postal history offers a bridge to our divides via providing greater understanding about historical events. As postal historians, we seek to illuminate through philatelic research. To be clear, study does not equate to advocacy; study leads to insight.

Civil War Philatelic Society The members of the Confederate Stamp Alliance voted on November 21, 2020, to change the name of the society to the Civil War Philatelic Society. The trustees brought it before the membership late last fall, but the name change was more than five years in the making. The vote passed with 85% voting “yes” to change the name – decidedly a mandate. The CSA was established in 1935, over 85 years ago. The words “Fraternity, Research, Cooperation” waved in a scroll at the top of the publication’s masthead banner with “Nonsectional” and “Non-political” below it. For the vast majority of members, it has never been about politics. It is not now, nor has it ever been, about glorifying the South and the Lost Cause, although there are doubtless a few relics among the membership who did feel that way. They have likely resigned by now – and that’s fine with me. Removing the word Confederate from the society

Figure 2. From the 2019 Civil War Symposium: The Civil War – a Postal System Divided.

“Study does not equate to advocacy; study leads to insight.” name eliminates the unfortunate stigma of the word while retaining the association with the significant postal history of the period. The Alliance was comprised of members with a profound interest in the history of the divided postal system during the American Civil War. But the perceptions of the world have changed, and the majority of members wisely agreed that the time had come to embrace the Northern side, as well as the Southern. In the past, only half the story was told. Broadening the scope to include the full range of Civil War postal history is such a logical – and potentially exciting – thing to do. We are now unified to research and study the intricacies of a divided postal system. This society unification also facilitates an understanding of how postal systems seek to unify correspondents and promote communications across enemy lines. In that regard, the Civil War was no different than any other wartime period, but CWPS now enables postal historians to explicate the valor of postal employees across enemy lines. The great success of the Civil War Postal Exhibition and Symposium (Figure 2), held in Bellefonte in October 2019 at the American Philatelic Center, is one sure indicator of the wisdom of this realignment. Talks and exhibits offered perspectives from both sides of the war. Dealers offered stock with a full range of material from the period. There was enthusiastic involvement even from the international philatelic community. Many Confederate students already collect the postal history of the North. There has not been a philatelic organization dedicated to the full scope of the postal history of this time period, which is important for us to understand in so many ways. This is in contrast to numerous philatelic societies that span both sides of a conflict, such as the World War I and World War II study groups. The first quarter 2021 Civil War Philatelist includes the perfect article to inaugurate the newly retitled publication. It is written by Dr. Daniel M. Knowles, already a student and exhibitor of the postal history of both the North and South. It offers detailed new information about the Pioneer Express Company, a relatively obscure express service that served both the South and the North. In Scott English’s January AP column, he astutely observed, “History needs perspective and focusing on one aspect of the Civil War, rather than the whole story, fails to teach. Stamp collectors are some of the most important historians because we preserve the direct connections between people and tell their stories. FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 125

and proper identification of primary sources so researchers can verify the facts and analyses. Sadly, some journals do not include endnotes or sources, which makes it harder for researchers.

Primary Sources are Valuable There are countless reasons to study the postal history of the Civil War and the war itself. It is unparalleled in American history. It brought an end to slavery and unified the United States. Many have and will continue to argue that the war was not fought over slavery, but primary sources – indeed, philatelic primary documents – prove otherwise to anyone who conducts thorough research. Figure 3a. Murfreesboro, Tennessee, soldier’s cover from Lt. J.A. Hall to his father, Major A few years ago, I wrote a monoBolling Hall graph entitled Independent State Mail and Confederate Use of U.S. Postage, By transitioning to the CWPS, the Society opens the How Secession Occurred; Correcting the Record. Over the door to collectors of Union philatelic material and years, Civil War buffs have been bombarded with mispostal history from the same era.” information about the important secession dates for the Philatelic Research and Primary Sources Confederate states. These incorrectly stated dates bled into I write regularly for five philatelic journals, which range philatelic publications and online sources and, unfortufrom specialist publications such as the now renamed Civil nately, they continue to be repeated. War Philatelist, to more general philatelic publications. The referenced monograph presents the secession and Obviously, technical articles addressing such topics such admission processes for each state, researched from the as “fly-speck philately” are submitted to specialist publicaactual laws in place for each state at the time. EVERY state tions, while more universal topics with social import are secession document specifically references slavery as the more appropriate for broader audiences. At every stamp major reason for secession. In every case. From primary show I attend, someone who does not collect Civil War sources. Yet the die-hard Lost Cause aficionados still protest material tells me how much they enjoy my articles and that slavery was not the main cause of the war. I respectfully how much they learn from them. Some are even interested disagree. enough to begin a Civil War collection. Part of the postal history that is considered “ConfederReaders and fellow philatelic authors often ask what I ate” is also very much “Union.” This was never truer than consider the most important sources of information when in the days that led up to the American Civil War and those I research a particular topic. Foremost, it is crucial that after the first shots were fired, but before the Confederacy researchers use primary sources. completely took over its own postal affairs on June 1, 1861. A primary source is an artifact, document, manuscript, The Confederate States Post Office Department or any source of information that was created at the time (CSPOD) had to reorganize to become its own entity, but under study. Obviously, postal artifacts are primary sources. evolved from laws, regulations, practices and procedures, I am often able to contradict official documents of the Civil book-keeping and accounting systems, and official forms War period with dated covers and letters in a soldier’s own that had existed and been used by the United States Post hand. Or I am able to help fill in a gap of information such Office Department (USPOD) prior to the creation of the as troop locations as indicated by postmarks or content, the Confederacy. Many local postmasters, if they supported the Southern cause, were also reappointed as postmasters rank of the soldier at a specific time, the correct spelling of to the CSPOD, bringing with them their knowledge and his name, which is so often incorrect in official records due experience. to poor handwriting, phonetic spelling and other errors. Under the Confederate Constitution, for postal matSecondary sources such as articles, books, and websites ters not specifically addressed by Confederate statues or provide interpretations of primary sources and were created regulations, the United States Postal Laws and Regulations by someone who did not experience first-hand that which in effect in November 1859 (1859 US-PL&R) applied to you are researching. Newspaper articles, even though they Confederate mail, unless the 1859 US-PL&R conflicted with are contemporaneous documents, are also secondary sourcConfederate law. These legal documents are also primary es. Hopefully, secondary sources contain quotes, images, 126 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

“Postal artifacts are primary sources. I am often able to contradict official documents of the Civil War period with dated covers and letters in a soldier’s own hand” sources that provide the researcher with context to understand the philatelic material in their collections.

ALL Sources Are Suspect Are all primary sources accurate? No, unfortunately they aren’t. Both then and now, people misspeak or have the wrong information when they are writing letters or relaying information. Thus, even primary sources should be double checked, if possible. In the third quarter 2020 issue of La Posta, I related my struggle trying to confirm the proper identity of one person, Bolling Hall. I was researching a soldier’s cover addressed to “Maj. Bolling Hall, Montgomery, Ala.” (Figure 3a). One of my principal primary sources is the military records housed in the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), which are conveniently accessed online through Fold3.com by paid subscription. This is not a reasonable choice for everyone, but for someone who uses it regularly, it is a superb tool. Nonetheless, such records still need to be approached with caution. If you have the name of the soldier and his unit, as you do with the endorsement on Confederate soldiers’ mail, you have access to their military records from NARA. The Confederate records are far more detailed than the U.S. records, which tend to simply list names and military units on index cards. Not very helpful. You already knew that from the cover at hand. Civil War military records are mostly handwritten. Names are often spelled phonetically, making it necessary to check records for how the researcher thinks they might be spelled, as well as how they are actually written by the soldiers themselves. Often, the best source is the subject cover. Sometimes records for the same person are spelled multiple ways – two, three, or even more variations. Some immigrants changed the spelling of their names; thus the son might have spelled the name differently than the father or brother, even when they served in the same unit. Or maybe the handwriting is difficult to comprehend, or the microfilm record overexposed and impossible to read.

Figure 3b. Page from Bolling Hall III’s service record showing showing him as Bolling Hall, Jr., which is how he identified himself, although not technically correct. FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 127

Figure 3c. Gravestone of Bolling Hall II (1813-1897), son of Bolling Hall First and Jane Abercrombie Hall, misleadingly referred to in his day as Bolling Hall, Sr.

Figure 3d. Gravestone of Bolling Hall III (1837-1866), son of Bolling Hall II (1813-1897) – also known as Bolling Hall “Jr.” but clearly defined herewith as Bolling Hall III.

The problem with the Hall family research began with the military records – something you would think might be clear. It wasn’t. During the Civil War, military records cited Bolling Hall III as “Bolling Hall, Jr.” serving in the 59th Alabama Regiment (Figure 3b). I finally concluded, with corroboration of both the Hall family papers and gravestones (Figure 3c-d), that “Junior” was actually Bolling Hall III, son of Bolling Hall II, who was at that time referred to as Bolling Hall, “Sr.” I repeatedly found the signatures of Bolling Hall III as “B. Hall, Jr.” – even on letters to his own father who was, more accurately, Bolling Hall II. One might logically think that the first Bolling Hall would be referred to as “Senior” and Bolling Hall II as “Junior.” But no. Bolling Hall II was confusingly referred to as “Senior” and Bolling Hall III as “Junior.” It’s enough to give one a throbbing headache. There is little wonder at the confusion over a century and a half removed. But the gravestones and birth records relate the proper information. Connecting the dots was only possible after carefully sorting dates, the repeating family names (both male and female), reviewing actual correspondence, and family gravestones. So, you may be thinking, information on gravestones must be accurate. They were engraved shortly after the time of death, right? But I have an unfortunate personal experience that disproves that. It’s a story I’ve told before. A few years ago, I was searching the Find A Grave website (another useful resource) and decided to virtually visit the gravesite of my late husband, John Kaufmann. I’m pretty sure my mouth literally fell open in disbelief. I was married to John when he died on his 47th birthday. I personally ordered the headstone with all the proper information thereon inscribed and regularly visited the gravesite when it was still in Virginia near my home. So, imagine my complete astonishment when, almost three decades later, I found the headstone had been reengraved with the wrong date of death!

Figure 4. Cover addressed to “Mr. Charles E. James, Va.” with no town destination. Routed through Point of Rocks, Maryland, “in the care of Mr. Dutton” (manuscript at lower left) where de facto postmaster John B. Dutton handstamped it four times to show he had handled it. Up the left side is the Provost Marshal examined censor marking at Point of Rocks. 128 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

This happened because after I remarried, my in-laws requested that I allow his remains to be moved to New Jersey so he could be buried with family. After both his parents died, my former siblings-in-law had one headstone redone with the information for all three together. But – whoops – they got John’s death date wrong by a full decade. I had it reengraved at my expense. On behalf of both family and future historians, I just could not let that go. Caveat Emptor! I could not even trust something I knew was correctly done by me personally. Verify and reverify is all I can say. I’ve seen other incorrectly inscribed gravestones over the years as well. The reason why they are wrong is generally impossible to ascertain and rarely do we actually know why such mistakes were made. I frequently find multiple dates of birth/death for the same person. I’m regularly forced to write “sources vary” for whatever “fact.”

of any other case where the same man handled the mail as de facto postmaster on both sides of a war-torn divide, making sure the mail was neutrally delivered to citizens on opposing sides. There are, however, ways the two postal systems cooperated both in this and other wars. Flag-of-truce mail is the most obvious example. Bilateral postal cooperation during wartime is an important aspect of postal history. This intriguing cross-Potomac mail route will be the focus of a monograph being published this year as part of the La Posta Publications series. It includes original research gleaned from trips to the involved towns and meetings with multiple local historians, substantial research in the National Archives and Records Administration, Southern Claims Commission, Library of Congress, local newspapers of the period, and countless publications, conversations and emails. It offers information literally gleaned over the past few decades as to the original mail routes, postal carriers and far more.

Genealogical Research Often Has Postal History Importance

Helpful Resources for Civil War Philatelic Research

Why is genealogical research important to postal history? We often need to find out about the correspondents before we can figure out the maneuverings of their mail. Most collectors find this sort of research both a challenge and a lot of fun. One of my favorite Civil War research topics is covert mail, specifically mail smuggled across the lines into enemy territory. Arguably, one of the most important projects I’ve worked on is the story of two towns on either side of the Potomac River – Waterford, Virginia, and Point of Rocks, Maryland – and the man who united them by an underground postal system: John Biddison Dutton. Dutton created his own “J.B. Dutton” straightline handstamp to mark processed and censored mail. I don’t remember how or from whom I acquired my first J.B. Dutton straightline handstamped cover but, from my notes, it must have been around 1979. Over the next few decades, I worked sporadically on this research project and acquired photos and photocopies of J.B. Dutton covers from others who knew I was interested (Figure 4). Strong genealogical research was needed to ferret out the story of the highly unusual postal machinations. What attracted me to the Dutton uses was that mail was being directed during the Civil War from the North through the Union stronghold of Point of Rocks, Maryland, to Waterford, Virginia. My initial assumption was that Waterford was in the South, but that has proved to be somewhat inaccurate. Much like Winchester, Waterford was held by Confederacy or Union on any given day and both U.S. and Confederate post offices operated there, although there were by far more Union than Confederate. It is remarkable that this covert mail system set up by J.B. Dutton was with the knowledge and permission of the U.S. provost marshal, high ranking military leaders, cabinet members and the U.S. Post Office Department. I am unaware

There are pages of resources and links in many places online, including my own website. (https://www.trishkaufmann.com/resources-and-links) While there will be an overlap of other sources, it’s always worth scanning for new sources and developing your own list of “go-to” resources.

Figure 5. Confederate States of America Catalog and Handbook of Stamps and Postal History edited by Patricia A. Kaufmann, Francis J. Crown, Jr., and Jerry S. Palazolo, 2012. FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 129

On my website is a link to Mike Ludeman’s Portals, a fantastic resource which is so much more useful than just stumbling around in the Library of Congress and National Archives (NARA) entry points. Mike has documented official Confederate post office related records and publications which are present on the internet in digital format and kindly shared them with fellow researchers, for which researchers are most grateful. There are three portal files: one focuses strictly on NARA records, the second is Library of Congress records, and the third is a reorganized group of the foregoing. Links to PDF files may be found at NARA Portals, Library of Congress Portals, and Portals by State (and more). A fourth portal is also provided to the USPOD Postal Laws and Regulations. All are highly recommended for passionate researchers. The Civil War Philatelic Society (CWPS) https://www. civilwarphilatelicsociety.org has an excellent and growing list of resources which will eventually include all Confederate Stamp Alliance periodicals. It includes searchable and browsable versions of the Confederate Philatelist, one of America’s oldest and most respected philatelic journals. For those newer to Confederate philately, there is a section devoted to Confederate basics, as there is on my website as well, but with totally different content on my website under Confederate Stamp Primer Online. The Confederate Stamp Alliance (now CWPS) was formed in 1935 but there was no official publication until 1956. Prior to this time information was disseminated through the pages of Stamp and Cover Collecting, and Stamp and Cover Collectors Review, both commercial publications of August Dietz. After the last issue of Stamp and Cover Collectors Review in 1939, Dietz began publishing a leaflet he called the Confederate Bulletin. Dietz stated it was published in the interest of collectors and students of Confederate postal issues. It kept members abreast of events and also served as an addendum to the Dietz Catalog. Currently, the CWPS website includes most of the August Dietz published periodicals in digital format, beginning with the Virginia Philatelist in 1897. Other digitally scanned periodicals date back as early as 1865 (How to Detect Forged Stamps by Thomas Dalston, which includes the then-known Confederate fakes). The CWPS website includes scanned versions of books, monographs, auction catalogs, stamp catalog, exhibits, collections of fakes, periodical archives postmasters’ provisional cen-

sus, and far more. The current “bible” of Confederates is Confederate States of America Catalog and Handbook of Stamps and Postal History edited by Patricia A. Kaufmann, Francis J. Crown, Jr., and Jerry S. Palazolo (Figure 5). Obviously, no research on Confederates is complete without consulting this 2012 catalog first, published by the Confederate Stamp Alliance (now CWPS). It is now long out of print, available only in the deluxe edition or on the second-hand market, but there is hope that it will be offered on the CWPS website in the near future, probably only to members. Some catalog updates have already been offered in the society journal.

Takeaways Be suspicious of decades-old articles and books. While they offer valuable information, researchers need to confirm that nothing published since then has not contradicted nor added to the topic in question. Peer review is advised if your research is of lasting value. Do not trust a solitary source, no matter how seemingly accurate. Confirm and verify — again and again.

For Further Reading Recommendations from the APRL research staff: Collector's Guide To Confederate Philately. Kimbrough, John L.; Bush, Conrad L. (Fort Walton Beach, FL : C.L. Bush, 2005). G3860 .K49c 2005 Confederate States of America: Catalog and Handbook of Stamps and Postal History. Kaufmann, Patricia A.; Crown, Francis J., Jr.; Palazolo, Jerry S. (Confederate Stamp Alliance, 2012) Kaufmann Room Confederate Use of Patriotic Covers during the Civil War 18611865. Walker, John H. (London: Royal Philatelic Society London, 2018). IP70060 The Confederate Philatelist. Confederate Stamp Alliance. (Confederate Stamp Alliance, 1956-Present). JOURNAL Confederate Philatelist

Our website is finally up and running

he Author

Patricia (Trish) Kaufmann was first introduced to Confederate postal history in 1965, became active in organized philately in 1969, and became a full-time dealer in 1973. Today, she specializes solely in Confederate stamps and postal history. Trish enjoys hearing from readers and may be reached at trishkauf@comcast.net. She will be happy to provide information on how to join the Civil War Philatelic Society. 130 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

PO Box 8689 Cranston, RI 02920 Phone: 888 262 5355 (Toll Free) Phone: +1 401 688 9473 (Mobile) Email: info@ INDIA and STATES.com

Carriers and Locals Society The Society’s mission is to encourage the collecting and study of United States carriers and locals. THE NEXT SOCIETY AUCTION WILL BE HELD FEBRUARY 2021 ON OUR WEBSITE.

Its principal areas of interest are: • U.S. official and semi-official Carrier services • U.S. Independent Mail Companies • U.S. Local Posts of the 19th century • U.S. Eastern Expresses of the 19th century • Fakes and forgeries of U.S. Carriers and Locals • U.S. and Canadian fantasy stamps of the 19th century Benefits of membership include the C&LS’s award winning journal, its auctions and on line access to back issues of The Penny Post.

To join, or renew your membership, visit our website at www.pennypost.org.

TOOLS OF RESEARCH:

The APRL, Philatelic Union Catalog, and APRL Digital SCOTT TIFFNEY

with any area of study worthy of detailed research, philately is no different in that there are many specialized collections, resources and repositories that are available for the interested researcher to investigate their particular area of interest. For researchers of worldwide philately, the American Philatelic Research Library is the largest public library devoted to the study of stamps, stamp collecting and postal history in the world. Along with its Philatelic Union Catalog and growing digital collection database APRL Digital, the APRL continues to support the research needs of its members as well as the worldwide philatelic community. In 1968, then-president of the American Philatelic Society (APS), Edward L. Willard, at the annual convention of the APS in Rochester, New York, called for the “creation of a Library Service.” From this simple appeal on October 28, 1968, the APRL was officially incorporated and the presentday home for philatelic resources and research was born. Relocated at the American Philatelic Center in 2016 from the Morse Building to its new, two floor, 19,000 square foot home, the collections of the APRL include over 90,000 items - roughly four linear miles of material (Figure 1). The worldwide collection includes books, monographs, stamp catalogs, journals, exhibits, auction catalogs, government documents, stamp show programs, maps, photographs, posters, stamp albums, videos, audio recordings and a number of archival and research collections. The main book collection includes 32,000

132 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

titles housed on the first floor of the library while the main journal collection on the second floor includes 5,700 journal titles, around 400 of which are still in publication and received by the library on a weekly, monthly and quarterly basis. The journal collection includes vast number of journals that are quite rare and no longer in publication. When visitors come to the APRL, the collections in the public space are open for browsing by researchers. The main book collection is organized according to a modified Library of Congress classification scheme. The majority of the collection is organized by specific country and then subdivided within each by philatelic terms. For example, in the section for Germany there are philatelic subsections for airmail, cachets, catalogs, designers, EFOs, forgeries, first issues, local posts, maritime mail, military mail, plates and plating, postal history, postal markings, postal stationery, railway mail, seals and labels, topical collecting, and zeppelin mail, to list only a small number of the subsections

Figure 1. Entrance to American Philatelic Research Library.

available in the German book collection alone. Like the book collection, the journal collection is open for browsing by visiting researchers. Journals are organized by title and then within each title, chronologically by date of each journal issue. For example, the Air Post Journal is followed by the American Philatelist, followed by the Collectors Club Philatelist and so on. If journal’s name changes at some point a second location is made for the journal under the new title and a “preceded by” note is made to assist researchers. In order to have enough copies for members to borrow, the library strives to include in its holdings two copies of every journal issue – usually a copy bound in a volume and then another copy comprised of individual issues in archival boxes. The library works to provide the same access to its book collection, with two copies of almost every publication and in some cases for rare or specialized items, three. Books and journals are considered the staples of philatelic research, but the APRL collection goes far beyond these two resource types. For the dedicated researcher the collection also houses resources that can provide greater depth and nuance when researching a particular philatelic topic. For example, the APRL’s auction catalogs and name sales can provide very detailed information about particularly rare philatelic items, often providing the only known image of the material. The APRL’s government documents, a mostly U.S. collection, includes the Postal Bulletins, Postal Guides, Domestic and International Mail Manuals, Postmaster General Reports and the USPS daily newsletters, all of which provide a wealth of information about rates, post

Figure 2. APRL’s Government Documents collection.

offices, laws and regulations, routes, local postmasters and more (Figure 2). Other APRL collections include videos from the Post Office Department, symposia and virtual events as well as collections of photographs such as those of the Daniel Hines Airmail Collection, all of which provide visual resource opportunities and context for the researcher. The library’s archival collections include the Central and South American sections of the American Banknote files and the research papers of such notable philatelists as Belmont Faries (writer and editor), Czeslaw Slania (Sweden and Denmark), Harlan Stone (Switzerland), Richard B. Graham (postal history columnist), Richard Sheaff (Citizens’ Stamp Advisory Committee design consultant), Thomas J. Alexander (19th century U.S, Kansas, Missouri) and W. Wallace Cleland (U.S., plate numbers and marginal markings). There is also a Rare Books collection that is comprised of several seminal philatelic works which can only be accessed on site. But with all of these resources and more within the APRL collection, it is the David Straight Memorial Philatelic Union Catalog (PUC), first established in 1995, that FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 133

Figure 3a. Home page for the new Philatelic Union Catalog.

Figure 3b. Advanced search page and results of new Philatelic Union Catalog. 134 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

provides the researcher with the necessary access and avenue to pursue their area of philatelic interest. For those old enough to remember, the PUC is the online replacement for the card catalog which was at a certain time the only means of finding items in the APRL. The PUC, hosted by the APRL and available at stamps.org/library, contains bibliographic records for the holdings of the APRL as well as 12 other philatelic libraries in the U.S., Canada and Great Britain. The PUC enables the researcher to search the holdings of the APRL via search fields such as author, title, subject, publication date, publisher, library, subject and keyword. In January 2020, the APRL updated the PUC to a new platform (Figure 3) which also enables researchers to use phrase, proximity, existing and exact term searching between fields. The PUC also includes links to online resources, updated lists of new APRL resources, and enables the library staff and patrons to save their favorite searches for easy retrieval and future use. Currently the PUC holds over 44,000 records for items including books, journals, CDs and other format types in the APRL collection, while the remaining 125,000 records make up the holdings of the twelve other philatelic libraries whose catalog records are in the database. Another subset of the PUC database is a journal article index. Journals’ articles have been cataloged into the PUC as a further research resource. The index is not a complete list of every philatelic journal’s articles or those of the complete APRL journal collection, but does currently include over 219,000 articles. Journal article records include author, article title, journal title, volume, issue number and in many instances page numbers. The APRL collection includes almost all of the journal titles referenced in the article index, but in order to determine if a particular library has an article, researchers can also search the PUC for the article’s journal title to determine which libraries have that journal in their holdings. The PUC affords the researcher the opportunity to find reference materials for their research at the APRL or in any one of the contributing libraries. Items not held by the APRL but held in another library will be so indicated in the Location field of the PUC record. If the item is held by the APRL, researchers can then request the item from the library. Researchers can request either a photocopy or scanned copy of an item in the case of an article, book chapter or section of a larger work or, if they are a member of the APS or APRL, they can borrow the material from the APRL. Roughly 90 percent of the APRL’s holdings, excluding some archival and special collections, can be borrowed from the library by APS or APRL members. One further resource offered by the APRL is its

Figure 4. Landing page for APRL Digital.

Figure 5. First issue of The American Philatelist (Jan. 10, 1887) in APRL Digital.

growing digital collections database, APRL Digital. The digital world of disseminating information for research, in this case philatelic research, has advanced such that a good number of the resources we know and use each day appear in digital form. To this end, the APRL in October 2017 began its Digital Resources Initiative to provide digital access to the collections of the APRL. To achieve this goal the APRL began by scanning, digitizing and uploading a complete run of The American Philatelist into a ContentDM-based web platform titled APRL Digital (Figure 4). Starting with the very first issue in January 1887 (Figure 5), the APRL provided access to all published issues of the society’s official organ enabling researchers to conduct full-text searches of every issues and across issues, as well as affording researchers the ability to print or download any of the issues. Along with The American Philatelist the APRL has also scanned, digitized and uploaded complete runs of the Philatelic Literature Review, the Collectors Club Philatelist, the American Philatelic Congress Books, the Journal of Sports Philately, the Postal History Journal and the P.S. journal to name a few. In all, the APRL Digital database includes over 600,000 scanned full-text searchable pages and nine complete journal runs. Looking toward the future growth of the research database, the APRL has acquired permissions from various philatelic societies and organizations permission to

add 34 additional complete journal runs. Among the journals to be added are the Airpost Journal, the British Caribbean Philatelic Journal, the BWI Study Circle Journal, The Ceremonial, El Quetzal, First Days, the Journal of the United Nations Philatelists, La Posta, Menelik’s Journal, Philamath, Philateli-Graphics, Posthorn, Watercraft Philately, and the U.S.C.S. Log. Although journals make up the vast majority of items in the APRL Digital database, there are also exhibits, maps, books, American Bank Note Company files, videos and photographs. The entire database is full-text searchable by author, title, date, subject and keyword. Search results can be displayed, printed and downloaded enabling the researcher to conduct their own research and access the resources of the APRL collection at any time. With APRL Digital, remote philatelic research has never been easier or more accessible. Log-in information is available at stamps. org/library. The American Philatelic Research Library, the David Straight Memorial Philatelic Union Catalog, and APRL Digital provide philatelic researchers many avenues for conducting specialized research. Whether investigating a topic of interest in person at the APRL by browsing the collection or searching remotely by accessing the PUC or APRL Digital, these three avenues for philatelic research provide a wealth of information for the researcher. FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 135

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RE S 138 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

ACKER’S SPECIAL DELIVERY (and more)

Figure 2. Examples of similar-appearing genuine 1883 locals from Cincinnati and St. Louis.

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Figure 1. This cutout of an Ackers “local” intrigued the author when it was first discovered.

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BY WAYNE YOUNGBLOOD

ypically, when I’m working on writing columns for this and other publications, or working on feature articles, I start with something unusual I’ve encountered and build on it over time – both with materials and research. I create a file and continue to add to it until I’ve accumulated what I consider to be “critical mass,” allowing me to craft an interesting article, usually incorporating considerable original research as well. Fortunately, in philately we have a huge body of published material upon which to draw, so at least the skeleton of research about an item or group of items is usually available, even if specialized information is not. But sometimes there is little or no published information. That’s when the fun begins. For me, this usually happens with cinderella items or pseudo stamps. Many years ago, in an accumulation, I encountered the cutout shown in Figure 1. While I knew it certainly wasn’t a real stamp, its stamp-like appearance intrigued me. The “stamp” itself measures about 1 1/8 inches by 1 1/2 inches, and the simulated perforations gauge (kind of) 13, but they can’t really be measured, as they are unevenly spaced. The design, a letter carrier, is red and is “tied” by a black letterpress-printed “postmark.” The text of the deep red stamp, above, center and bottom, reads “Acker’s Local Delivery,” with a letter “A” above the “D” and “Y” of “Delivery.” At first glance the item closely resembles two real local stamps, the Cincinnati and the St. Louis City Delivery issues of 1883 (Scott 39L1 and 131L1, respectively), both of which were operated by J. Staley and were shuttered by the government after only a few weeks of service. Both stamps are shown in Figure 2. While genuine uses of both are rare, individual stamps are not. But what was the item I found? Over the years, a few more cut-out items came my way (more on these in a bit), but it wasn’t until I found the Figure 3 item that I had any real idea of its origin. This is an actual cover (7 by 6 inches), addressed to a woman in Philadelphia. Now I was getting somewhere!

The image on this item is the same as the Figure 1 example, but is more of a carmine color and is much crisper in appearance. Additionally, the “stamp” is tied by a dark blue letterpress-printed “cancel,” dated June 8, 1901. It was sent by the Finley Acker Co. of Philadelphia and contained (according to the illustration) Ackers Weekly Bill of Fare, apparently some sort of publication. The Finley Acker Co. (1881-1920, see sidebar on page 140) was a highly successful upscale grocer for many years, with several locations in Philadelphia. But what about the stamps? Although I scoured much of the traditional philatelic literature, I found nothing but a few tantalizing tidbits here and there. By this time, the internet was well established as a resource, so my first effort involved various types of searches to find out more. While I was able to locate more information about the basic business, there was almost nothing about the cinderellas or the publication. I let the matter sit for a few more years and continued to add to my small collection when possible, noting different varieties and trying to date them. One useful item I found is the Figure 4 newspaper advertisement from the November 9, 1895, Philadelphia Inquirer, which makes specific mention of Ackers Weekly. The publication, according to the ad, is mailed weekly (52 times per year) anywhere in the United States for 25¢ per year, “less than one-half the cost of postage.” The ad went on to note that Ackers Weekly “is served free each week in over 100,000 homes, but occasionally a house may be missed … For this reason we have arranged to mail it at the nominal price of 25¢ per year.” This was almost certain evidence that the publication – with a facsimile stamp – was being privately delivered. The earliest reference I have found for this is May 25, 1895, so that year is likely when the service began. The publication was also furnished free at grocery stores and at participating newsstands.

Figure 3. A complete cover from 1901, bearing a printed example of one of the Ackers cinderellas.

Figure 4. Advertisement from the November 9, 1895, Philadelphia Inquirer, which refers to both private delivery and mailing of the circular. FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 139

Figure 5. An example of the early “Special Delivery” designs (Type II), printed on the cover.

At that time, it wasn’t unusual to find companies hiring both young boys and old men to canvas densely populated city neighborhoods, sliding advertising materials under doors, much as we now see Chinese restaurants distributing door to door. A couple of years ago, I was able to find the online posting by the Carriers and Locals Society of Mike Farrell’s collection of Ackers material. Farrell has formed impressive collections of a broad range of unusual material. Like me, Farrell had been concentrating on locating examples of varieties of this issue. About the same time, I became aware of an article by Gus Spector that ran in the July 1995 issue of The Penny Post, journal of the Carriers and Locals Society. Spector’s article contained more information about how the labels came about, and less on the varieties. As I began to seriously work on this column, I discovered quite by accident that Spector updated his article in mid-2020 and published

Figure 6. A single example of the Type II Ackers Cinderella is known printed on card stock.

Finley Acker and Co. For many years, the Finley Acker Co. was one of the most prestigious grocers in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at one time sporting four locations. The company, which operated from 1881-1920, was always a family-operated business. It apparently died with the founder. From what we know, Acker stores were considered to be somewhat luxury grocers, dealing in chocolate, coffee, tea, various candies and confections, olive oil, cigars and much more. At its peak the company boasted three locations in Philadelphia (12th and Market Streets, 12th and Chestnut Streets and 121-125 North 8th St.) and one on the Atlantic City, New Jersey, boardwalk. After the discontinuation of the “stamp” design, Ackers continued to mail advertising material to promote its offerings. Numerous different picture postcards and illustrated advertising covers are also known from the company. Although it is still unknown exactly when the Acker company ceased operation, it is assumed to have been around 1920, as its listing in Philadelphia city directories ceases after 1920. 140 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

The Finley Acker and Co. building, located at 123 N. 8th St., somewhere around 1900. Photo by Frank H. Taylor, courtesy of Philadelphia Free Library.

Figure 7. The earliest dated example (by “cancel”) of an Ackers “Local” known to the author.

it in the Pennsylvania Postal Historian (May issue). By piecing together the material provided by both Farrell and Spector, the picture became a little clearer, but it didn’t truly gel until I added my own research and compared their material to items in my own collection. The combined body of knowledge, so far, is presented here.

Here’s what we know: Beginning in about 1895 (or 1893, according to Spector), Acker began private delivery of its weekly price list of grocery specials. These were distributed free in Ackers stores and newsstands and delivered to thousands of homes throughout Philadelphia. Each piece was franked by an Ackers Special Delivery stamp, which was affixed to the piece. I am not aware of any surviving examples of one of these intact covers. To the best of my knowledge, none of these were ever overprinted or “canceled” in any way. Within a fairly short period of time, it was decided that affixing labels to every piece was too time consuming, so the company began printing them directly on the envelopes. The cover shown in Figure 5 (8½ by 5 inches, but reduced at bottom) depicts one of these printed-on “stamps.” A few of these bear a light “cancel,” and a single example is known printed on card stock (Figure 6). Somewhere around the turn of the century, Ackers must have been challenged by the U.S. Post Office Department over its use of a “Special Delivery” imprint that so closely resembled a stamp. Acker testified before Congress, most notably in 1897, as it was contemplating Loud’s Bill, which was to combat abuses of discounted mail classes. In that

testimony Acker discussed his honest use of discounted postage rates. While Ackers continued to print indicia on its envelopes, the inscription was changed from “Special Delivery” to “Ackers Local Delivery,” and each was “canceled” by a dated, printed defacement. The earliest one of these I’ve been able to locate is March 23, 1901. That item is shown in Figure 7 (7 by 6 inches). Other dated examples I’ve seen bear 1902 and 1903 dates. Sometime between 1903 and 1905, the dated “cancels” were replaced by a simple double-ring lighter blue “Philadelphia Special U.S.A.” marking that was integrated in the larger advertising illustration. The Figure 8 cover (7½ by 5½ inches) shows this iteration, which is printed on a simulated, textured alligator skin-patterned paper! This is the only one of these I have seen so far. The color of the “stamp” is now a brighter, almost reddish-orange color. By Thanksgiving 1905, as Spector noted, the “cancel” was once again removed, and a paid 1¢ third-class mail permit imprint was added above the “stamp.” This indicates that private delivery was being phased out and most items now entered the mail stream. Spector owns examples of both private delivery and mailed examples from Thanksgiving 1905. The Figure 9 piece (date unknown) shows both the permit imprint and “stamp.” According to a 1913 letter from the Finley Acker Co. in Spector’s possession, “There was an act passed in July 1912 prohibiting the use of any stamp other than a United States postage stamp on the face of any advertising matter – at FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 141

The stamps There are three basic design types known for the Acker cinderellas. The first of these (labeled as Type I), is known only as a label to be affixed, and the pair shown is an example from Gus Spector’s collection. I have never seen one in person. The design is the “Special Delivery” type, with “Ackers” printed on the mail bag. It is only known in red. Type II, known as both an adhesive and printed directly on some mail pieces, is like Type I, but now features “Ackers Weekly” on the mail bag. It is known in red, pink and more-or-less carmine shades. A single example is known on card stock. Type III is the Ackers Local Delivery type. It is known in red (undated, 1902-05), maroon (1902, not shown), pink (1903), carmine (1901 and undated), reddish-orange (undated), bright orange (undated, not shown) and carmine lake (1902). It’s possible some minor shades are the result of the environments in which they have been stored, but there are several major color types described here. Individual examples may be uncanceled or “canceled” with a printed black or blue defacement, sometimes dated, sometimes not. The paper for most of the envelopes is a light buff color, but at least the one example described in the article as Figure 8 is known on a textured paper resembling alligator skin. There are, almost certainly, other colors and dated examples in existence. A diligent search could reveal new types, more than a century later.

Type I. This type, known only as a label to be affixed, features a postman, arm extended, with the inscription “Special Delivery.” His bag reads “Ackers.” Only known pair, courtesy Gus Spector.

Type II. Identical to type I in both color and printing, except postman’s bag now reads “Ackers Weekly.”

Type III. Similar to Types I and II, except inscription (at top, center and bottom) now reads “Ackers Local Delivery.”

The colors known to exist on Type II stamps. From left: red, pink and carmine-ish (printed on spliced-appearing card stock).

A range of colors known to exist on the Type III labels. From left: red, pink, carmine, reddish-orange, carmine lake. 142 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

Figure 8. A printed Ackers Cinderella (with printed “cancel” and advertisement) on textured alligator skin paper.

which time we discontinued having same printed on our advertising matter.” Thus was the end of the Ackers “stamps.” If, indeed, the company’s claims of distributing more than 100,000 weekly fliers for 17-19 years is true, close to 100 million Ackers “stamps” were printed and distributed (see second sidebar "The stamps," page 142). It seems odd that the entire survival number comes down to a small handful of known examples. But that’s the nature of ephemera; the vast majority is destroyed, leaving us with only tiny bits more than a century later. The other major component of philatelic research is to ask for help. If you have information on any of the Ackers “stamps” or covers that would add to this small body of research by three independent individuals, please share it. I think I can also speak for Spector and Farrell that it would be greatly appreciated!

References

54th Congress, Second Session, Feb. 22, 1897, Testimony on the Loud Bill. United States Congressional Serial Set, Volume 3476. Testimony by Finley Acker, page 104. “Ackers Special Delivery.” (Accessed April 5, 2019). https://www.pennypost.org/pdf/farrell/Ackers_FarrellCollection.pdf “Advertisement,” The Philadelphia Inquirer (November 9, 1895): 2. Spector, Gus. “The Finley Acker Company,” The Penny Post 5, no. 3 (July 1995): 26-29. Spector, Gus. “The Finley Acker Company vs. The U.S. Post Office,” Pennsylvania Postal Historian 48, no. 2 (May 2020): 20-25.

For Further Reading

Recommendations from the APRL research staff:

Figure 9. Before “stamps” were eliminated entirely from Ackers mailings, they appeared along with a paid postage imprint, as shown here. This was as private delivery was being phased out, in favor of utilizing the mail system.

20th Century Local Posts Catalog. Dye, Glenn W. (Wildwood, NJ: U.S. Locals Collectors, 1967). G3706 .L811 U586t 1967

“A History of Postage Stamps: Local or City Delivery Stamps,” Scott, J. Walter. American Journal of Philately (Second Series), Oct 1888. (Article)

The World of Local Postage Stamps. Kelley, Peter. (Batley, W. Yorkshire, Great Britain: Harry Hayes, 1976). HE6184 .L811 K29w 1976

Modern Local Posts in the United States. Local Post Collectors Society. (Littlerock, CA: Local Post Collectors Society, 1986). G3701 .L811 L811m

Catalog of Local Post Issues. Rowcroft, William, Jr. (South Ozone Park, N.Y.: William Rowcroft, Jr., 1960. HE6184 .L811 R877c FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 143

A Noteworthy Precancel on Lancaster Watch Company’s Advertising Covers CHARLES J. DICOMO, PHD

he Lancaster Watch Company operated in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, on Columbia Turnpike from 1877 to 1884, producing approximately 200,000 timepieces before being reorganized in 1886 as the Keystone Standard Watch Company. Eventually, Keystone’s assets were acquired by the Columbian Hamilton Watch Co. in 1892. Hamilton operated for over 77 years, manufacturing its last watch in the U.S. in 1969, before moving to Switzerland. This article reviews the history of the Lancaster Watch Company and how it promoted and marketed its wares via trade cards, newsprint and city directories and, fortunately for postal historians and philatelists, elegantly lithographed advertising covers with uncommon precanceled stamps. Lancaster Watch started life as the Adams & Perry Watch Manufacturing Co., which incorporated in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, on September 26, 1874, with a capital stock of $78,000 [Note 1]. Immediately, construction commenced on a new brick factory designed by Chicago-architect Clarence Luther Stiles in the Second Empire style. In 1875, the company was pressed for funds and bonds were issued in the amount of $25,000. That same year, founder John C. Adams (Figure 1a), who had helped to found the Elgin and Cornell Watch companies, resigned from Adams & Perry. He had a dispute with his patent-holding partner E.H. Perry involving the manufacturing of escapements. Escapements are the mechanical linkages in mechanical watches and clocks that give impulses to the timekeeping element and periodically release the gear train to move forward, advancing the clock’s hands. Adams thought it best to import the escapements, whereas Perry was convinced the entire movement should be manufactured at their factory. By July of 1875, construction of the new factory was completed (Figure 1b).

The nearly two-year delay in the start of manufacturing and the limited production of only a few hundred watches doomed the company and it ceased operations in May of 1876. Following reorganization and after being forced to pay creditors, the Company was assigned to C.A. Bitner, who had donated the original tract of land for the factory. He then sold the company to Dr. Carpenter for $47,000. In August of 1877, the Lancaster Watch Company (LWC) was formed with new advanced capital of $21,000 and the next month manufacturing began with the design and production of a 3/4-plate, fully-jeweled movement. By the end of 1879, the LWC had manufactured 334 movements. Over the next few years, the LWC raised capital in excess of $500K for manufacturing and day-to-day operations and went through two reorganizations, but alas after Figure 1a. John C. Adams, co-founder of the Adams & Perry Watch Manufacturing six years of modest success ceased operations in 1884. In Co. in Lancaster, PA. Courtesy of 1886, assets of the LWC were purchased for $500,000 by a pocketwatchdatabase.com. new group named Keystone Standard Watch Company. In 1892, Keystone went bankrupt and the business, inventory and factory were sold once again to another new group, The Columbian Hamilton Watch Company. Figure 2 illustrates a very fine example of a timepiece manufactured by LWC, circa 1883. This New Era Railroad Pocket Watch had a 7-jewel movement and was stem set and stem wound. The fine porcelain dial was highlighted with a steam locomotive and heat-treated blued steel hands. This truly scientific instrument of its day was manufactured prior to the introduction of the railroad standard at the request of the U.S. Department of the Interior in 1895. As the rail industry grew in the U.S., the timekeeping accuracy of conductors’ watches was crucial if two trains were moving in opposite directions. If one of the two conductors’ watches was poor at keeping time, there was a strong likeliFigure 1b. The original Factory, circa 1877, on Columbia Turnpike (now Columbia Avenue), later home to Lancaster, Keystone and hood of a collision. Railroad watches were known as “stanHamilton Watch Companies. Courtesy of www.railswest.com. dard” watches because they met the railroad’s standards of timekeeping. Timepieces were an important aspect of ensuring safety for all. During its years in operation, LWC, just as many other timepiece manufacturers, promoted its wares. Survivors of this era are the trade cards, circa 1880, depicted in Figure 3. They feature a macabre image of Father Time as a skeleton with scythe and the watch as a unicycle. Father Time has one hand on an hourglass, while the other holds a pocket watch on a chain. The metallic silver cycle wheel is represented by a detailed rendering of an Adams & Perry jeweled-movement that LWC sold. The card on the right is preprinted with “M. Roth, 405 Eighth Ave., New York,” a watchmaker listed in an 1880 NYC Directory, who repaired and distributed LWC timepieces. For those researching specific information on businesses or persons from this era, many Figure 2. LWC New Era Railroad, 7-jewel movement Pocket Watch, ca. 1883. libraries, historical societies and museums have Courtesy of Jeff Brook, www.thepocketwatchguy.com.

FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 145

Figure 3. Trade cards with macabre image of a skeletal Father Time with scythe, holding an hourglass and pocket watch and atop a watch as a unicycle. Courtesy of Richard Sheaff, sheaff-ephemera.com, and René Rondeau, hamiltonwristwatch.com, respectively.

begun to digitize City and Town Directories. These are often free to the public online, and can be an invaluable source of information, often giving the company’s physical address, the proprietor and line of business. Many of these directories, issued annually, are already available online for the larger cities, such as Baltimore, Boston, New York and Philadelphia, with more coming online almost monthly. They were also a source of marketing for companies, thus advertisements within these directories are plentiful. A useful hint while searching for a specific business is to narrow your search by using quotation marks around phrases - this asks the search engine or database to look for the words next to each other in that order. Additionally, one can find numerous advertisements in local Lancaster newspapers, as well as Lancaster city business directories. Fortunately for postal historians and philatelists, LWC produced distinctive advertising covers, one of which is depicted in Figure 4. The front exhibits a fancy typeface “Lancaster” cachet, a jeweled movement similar to that on the Figure 3 trade cards, and a partial address (“Dealers in Watches, Jewelry, Etc.”, P.O.,” “Co.”) with lines for address completion. The cover is addressed to Mr. E.L. Grueby, a fancy goods and jewelry store proprietor operating at 97 Meridian St. (in pencil above address) in Boston, Massachusetts [Note 2]. This cover, plus the other known advertising covers in the census (shown on page 148-9), confirm that LWC broadly promoted its wares, with covers 2 and 3 sent to Lincoln (Ephrata Township) and Reading, respectively, and cover 146 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

4 to W. (William) Baehr & Co., well-known jewelers in San Francisco, California. Examining the covers also reveals that more than one style of envelope was printed by the Inquirer Company, lithographers located in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The first style (Type A examples in census) had no printed state in address line three, but a dashed line to be filled in later. This is the example shown in Figure 4 where “Mass” was handwritten in, along with the other addressee details. The second style (Type B) has the state printed in address line three. This is the case for covers 2, 3 and 4. For covers 2 and 3, “Penna.” was lithographed, whereas for cover 4, “California.” I would be most interested to see what other states were printed on any future advertising cover discoveries – so please share. To cover the fee for mailing an unsealed circular, a 1¢ dark ultramarine Benjamin Franklin stamp from the 1879 Banknote series (Scott 182) was adhered at upper right. What is noteworthy about the stamp on each of these advertising covers is that it is canceled by three pairs of doubleruled hair lines in red violet ink running from edge to edge (Figure 5). This precancel, or precanceled stamp, is an adhesive postage stamp that has been canceled under the proper authority of the U.S. Post Office (P.O.) with a device designed solely for this purpose. The process is performed before the stamp is affixed to the envelope. This type of precancel, using lines or bars without a city and/or state designation is referred to as a “silent” precancel. This silent

precancel (Smith Type A, Note 3) was most likely applied by LWC to the stamps while still part of the unused, intact pane. Each stamp was then separated from the pane of 100 and adhered to the cover prior to the circular datestamp (CDS) being added to the envelope. Notably, adjacent to the stamp is a black 26.5 mm double-circled LANCASTER | FEB. 25, 1879. | PENNSYLVANIA circular datestamp, which appears to be type-set and not the typical handstamp struck by the Lancaster post offices from this era (Figure 6). This was most likely added in-house at LWC using a small hand-fed press. The pressman probably set his guides so that each envelope was always in the same position on the press. Measuring the location of the CDS from top edge and right edge of the known covers in the census suggests this was the case. While placement of the stamp on the advertising cover was important in this process, the examples depicted in Figure 7 (census examples 5 and 7) demonstrate that this was not always done with care. Significantly, both examples support the theory that the precanceled stamp was adhered to the advertising cover before pressman applied the type-set CDS. This is similar to the Glen Allen star process,

Figure 4. Advertising cover obverse from the Lancaster Watch Company franked with a 1¢ dark ultramarine Benjamin Franklin stamp from 1879 Banknote series with the Smith Type A precancel. The 1879-dated black CDS appears to be type-set on the envelope.

Figure 5. 1¢ dark ultramarine Benjamin Franklin stamp with precancel Smith Type A. The features are 3 pairs of double-ruled hair lines in red violet ink: 1 pair vertical, 2 pair horizontal, where the pairs are 8 mm apart, and within a pair, 1 mm apart.

Figure 6. An example of the Lancaster Post Office’s typical CDS, 1880. The design is notably different than the type found on the LWC examples. FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 147

Census of Lancaster Watch Company Precancels and Advertising Covers

1. Address Type A: No printed state, dashed line. Notes: Pencil notation at top center: “97 Meridian,” Mr. Grueby’s street address.

3. Address Type B: printed state, “Penna.”

Adhesive Each example is the 1¢ Benjamin Franklin, 1879 Banknote Issue.

5. Notes: Partial strike of type-set CDS.

7. Notes: Partial strike of type-set CDS. 148 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

Circular Datestamp The on-piece examples use the same type-set 26.5 mm CDS. Characterized by the black double-circle. The examples in this census all read “Lancaster | FEB. 25, 1879. | Pennsylvania.”

2. Address Type B: printed state, “Penna.” Notes: Lincoln P.O. is in Ephrata Township, Lancaster County.

4. Address Type B: printed state, “California”. Notes: Pencil notation at top center: "649 Sacramento,” the Baehr & Co. street address.

6. Notes: On piece.

Precancel (Smith Type A) Each has the same unique precancel. Characterized by 3 pairs of double-ruled hair lines, in red violet ink. One pair vertical, two pairs horizontal. Horizontal pairs are 8 mm apart, with 1mm between the hair lines in each pair.

8. Notes: Left margin copy from 1st column of pane. FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 149

Figure 7. Two off-cover examples (census examples 5 and 7) with CDS in the left margin, proving the stamp was adhered to the cover before the type-set CDS’ were applied by the pressman.

Figure 8. Advertising cover reverse depicting LWC Factory showing horse-drawn carriages in foreground, a billowing smokestack behind, all flanked by two rectangular tablets. Below each tablet is the name of the printer, “INQUIRER CO PRINT” and “LANCASTER PENNA.”

whereby in the 1870s and 1880s the Druggists’ Printers of Cussons, May & Co. from Glen Allen, Virginia, applied for and received permission from the U.S.P.O. to use a precanceled method for its multiple mailings. The firm purchased regular postage stamps from the local P.O., affixed them to the upper right hand corner of envelopes, and then simultaneously printed a five point star with parallel lines on the stamp and its own corner card (name of the firm, address, etc.) in the upper left hand corner [Note 4]. This method of using a precanceled stamp with a typeset CDS was employed to save time, labor and expense. With the amount of advertising mail LWC was almost certainly distributing to promote its timepieces, the Lancaster Post Office would have been fully supportive of such an approach to save in postal processing. LWC would have addressed the envelopes, bagged them, and delivered the bagged (and perhaps pre-sorted) envelopes to the P.O. for same or next day circulation. To complete the assessment of the cover, the reverse has yet more advertising depicting the LWC Factory, showing horse-drawn carriages in the foreground, a billowing smokestack behind, flanked by two rectangular tablets 150 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

(Figure 8). At left is a testimonial whereby “Switzerland Endorses Pennsylvania, Producing the Lancaster Watch” as “The Best Watch Made in America.” At right is no doubt an LWC self-promotion; affirming that it manufactures timepieces with “Twenty Extra-fine Ruby Jewels.” Below each tablet is the printer’s marking “INQUIRER CO PRINT” and “LANCASTER PENNA.” Figure 9 highlights this marking, along with two listings in various Annual Lancaster County Directories of the period [Note 5]. A J. Harold Wickersham was the manager, with offices located at 53 and 55 North Queen Street in downtown Lancaster city. They were also publishers. Examination of both the cover front and reverse suggest that the images were likely printed using a lithograph stone or metal plate with a smooth surface. The process involves drawing an image with oil, fat, or wax onto the surface of a smooth, level lithographic limestone plate [Note 6]. The stone is then treated with a mixture of gum Arabic and acid. This etches the portions of the stone that were not protected by the grease-based image. When the stone is subsequently moistened, the etched areas retain water. Then an oil-based ink can then be applied, which is repelled by the water, only

Figure 10. 1¢ dark ultramarine Benjamin Franklin stamp from 1879 Banknote series, no gum, soft porous paper, printed by American Banknote Company, Smith Type A precancel. Figure 9. Enlargement of the Figure 8 cover highlighting the printer’s marking and two listings for Inquirer Printing and Publishing Co. from two Annual Lancaster Directories.

sticking to the original drawing. The ink would finally be transferred to a blank paper sheet (in this case an envelope), producing the finished product. Lithography can be used to print text or artwork onto paper or other suitable material rather inexpensively [Note 7]. This long-established technique is still in use today in several fine art printmaking applications. The stamp depicted in Figure 10 was discovered recently, which motivated my research for this article. When I begin any research project, I often start out by contacting my fellow stamp and postal history colleagues. It is amazing how willing folks are to share and assist when you reach out with an inquiry or conundrum. I then turn to my personal philatelic library, which has grown over the decades. But as is the case for many of us, one cannot own each and every reference covering each and every subject. This is where the American Philatelic Society, the Smithsonian National Postal Museum and the New York Collectors Club, to name a few, are invaluable resources. Their libraries cover the gamut of subjects and their staffs are more than willing to locate that book, catalog, pamphlet, or article for you, make a PDF copy for a nominal fee and email or mail to you. Moreover, there are many online databases and philatelic auction catalogs easily and freely available at the click of a mouse. Finally, I should mention the use of digital manipulation image analysis tools, such as retroReveal.org, which allow the user to upload any image and have the web-based image processing algorithms help discover/reveal hidden content on your stamp, cover or document. Persistence pays off, so try the approaches above on your next research project. Figure 10 shows the front and back of a 1¢ dark ultramarine Benjamin Franklin stamp from the 1879 Banknote series with the distinctive features of the LWC precancel Smith Type A: 3 pairs of double-ruled hair lines in red violet ink with 1 pair vertical, the other 2 pairs horizontal. What distinguishes this stamp from the other on- and

off-cover examples in the census? It is not the vertical double-ruled hair lines – they start from both the top and bottom edges as on all other copies. Interestingly, both the upper and lower horizontal double-ruled hairlines start from the right edge of stamp (as expected), yet abruptly end before the left edge. This confirms that this stamp is from the left margin (or first column in the pane) to which the lines were first ruled onto the intact pane. So how were these lines ruled on the stamps? Did the LWC produce a 10 x 10 printing plate to cover the pane of 100? From the examples shown in this census, this is the best conclusion, but could be disproved or confirmed if a stamp from the 10th (or right) column, or 1st or 10th horizontal row were found. In just six years, Lancaster Watch Company produced nearly 200,000 timepieces, marketing them across the country with trade cards, newsprint, and city directories. Aren’t we fortunate as postal historians and philatelists that LWC also chose to produce elegant, lithographed advertising covers with delicately red violet-ruled precanceled stamps? The author looks forward to hearing from those that wish to share their covers and stamps to add to the census.

Acknowledgments The author wishes to express gratitude to Bill Coates for bringing this new discovery to his attention and collection. Additionally, thanks are given to Arnold Selengut, David W. Smith, and Robert Noble for sharing their knowledge of these distinctive precanceled advertising covers, as well as their covers and stamps for the census. Finally, a welldeserved “Thank You” is extended to Hal Klein and Paul Petersen for their critical review of the manuscript. Any error and/or omission is the author’s responsibility. The author can be reached at charlesdicomo@gmail.com.

Notes

1. Brief histories of the Adams & Perry Watch Manufacturing Co., Lancaster Watch Co., Keystone Standard Watch Co., and Hamilton Watch Company FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 151

provided by https://pocketwatchdatabase.com. (Accessed Dec. 29, 2020). 2. Mr. Grueby, Fancy Goods and Jewelry Store Proprietor, 97 Meridian Street, Boston, Massachusetts. Located in Documents of the City of Boston, for the Year 1874, Volume 1, pg. 6. 3. David Smith’s catalog of silent precancels was of much use to identify the one used on LWC material. Silent Precancels, A Catalog of Lines, Bars, and Designs on 19th and 20th Century Stamps Used Postally in the United States (2016). See “Lancaster, 1¢ Banknote,” pg. iv & 166. 4. More information about the Glen Allen star process can be found in the following: Brown, Allan R. “Glen Allen, Virginia,” Postal Markings 12, no. 4 (July 1944). Jennings, Clyde. “A ‘Yankee’ Glen Allen,” S.P.A. Journal 42, no. 6 (February 1980). Baird, James G., and Behrens, Manley L. Mute Precancels–Showing only Bars, Designs, Lines & Slugs: Circa 1850-1919 (Riverside, CT & Hyde Park, NY: self-published). 5. The newspaper advertisements for LWC shown here can be found, respectively: Inquirer Printing and Publishing Co. listing, Williams’ Lancaster City and County Directory, 1890, pg. 132. (Accessed Dec. 29, 2020) http://digitalcollections.powerlibrary.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/slchs-cd01/id/8196; Inquirer Printing and Publishing Co. listing, Williams’ Annual Lancaster City Directory, 1888, pg. 162. (Accessed Dec. 29, 2020) http://digitalcollections.powerlibrary.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/slchs-cd01/id/9080

6. To learn more about the lithography process, see: Brooks, Frederick Vincent. “Lithography”. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 16, 11th ed. (Cambridge University Press; 1911). 7. Pennel, E. R., ed. Lithography and Lithographers. (London: T. Fisher Unwin Publisher; 1915).

he Author

Charles J. DiComo, PhD is a lifelong philatelist, postal historian and award-winning author. He enjoys researching, restoring, writing, publishing, and presenting on a broad array of philatelic and postal history topics. He is President of the Philatelic Society of Lancaster County, President of the Empire State Postal History Society, Editor-in-Chief of the USPCS Chairman’s Chatter, life member of the United States Philatelic Classics Society, and on the Board of the PA Postal History Society. A native New Yorker, he currently resides in Lancaster, Pennsylvania with his wife of 25 years, Kathleen, and their daughters McKenna and Mia.

For Further Reading

Recommendations from the APRL research staff: The History of Precancels. Hoover, Norman R. (Framingham, MA: Precancel Stamp Society, Inc., 1989.) G3701 .P923 H789h 1989 The A.B.C. of Precancel Collecting. Hoover, W. Berton;

Van Voorhis, Hiram N.; Howe, James O. (New York: Precancel Stamp Society, 1992. G3701 .P923 P923a Location: APRL The Precancel Forum. Precancel Stamp Society. (Missoula, MT: Precancel Stamp Society, 1940-Present). JOURNAL Precancel Forum Location: APRL

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Using the Telegraph to Speed Ship Mail, Part 1 OTTO KJÆRGAARD

Introduction to Wireless Telegraphy It all started with a dash or maybe a dot across the Atlantic. In 1901 Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian physicist, claimed to have Morsed from Cornwall across the Atlantic to Newfoundland. This event has later been rated as important as the invention of the internet or Newton’s discovery of gravity. Messages could be sent by wireless. The telegraph companies who had already laid out cables across the Atlantic must have looked with horror on their faces at the new invention that might jeopardize their monopolies. Marconi’s achievement also set the stage for a new philatelic phenomenon: ocean letters, a service for sailors and passengers onboard ships. Guglielmo Marconi was not the inventor of wireless communication. Among others, Heinrich Hertz, Oliver Lodge, James Clerk Maxwell, Alexander Popov and J.C. Bose had shown the way, but Marconi was the one who could see the financial possibilities in wireless telegraphy. In 1897 he founded Wireless Telegraph and Signal Company Ltd. which was renamed Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph Company Ltd. three years later. This name was used for his company for decades into the 20th century. On the Figure 1 stamp Marconi is depicted with the radio device that resulted in his Nobel Prize.

Figure 1. A Vatican City stamp (Scott 978) depicting Marconi with the radio device that gave him the Nobel Prize. A similar motif appears on stamps from several countries. 154 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

Marconi’s wireless radios were installed in ships during the last decade of the 19th century. When Marconi delivered a radio, he also made the shipping company agree that his radio only could transmit to anther Marconi set, thus ensuring a monopoly for his company. He delivered and maintained the radios, paid the salaries for the radio operators whom he had trained, bought the pencils and the stationery used by the operators, provided relevant postal rates for letters, and the shipping companies paid him a fee for the service. Radios were first installed in ships crossing the English Channel, but later in navy and cargo ships. Germany, however, was not content with Marconi’s monopoly – Kaiser Wilhelm II, who had radios installed in his Kaiserliche Marine, saw to it that the two competing companies Braun/Siemens and Slaby/Arco/AEG joined forces in 1903 in a joint company Gesellschaft für drahtlose Telegraphie System Telefunken. Under Telefunken, Adolf Slaby and Georg Graf von Arco improved a radio that according to rumor was a result of industrial espionage of Marconi’s radio. For the first time in history, the radio made it possible to know the whereabouts of ships on the high seas and to send for rescue when in distress at sea. The wreck of Titanic in 1912 sped up installation of radios on ships. In fact, the Titanic had a Marconi radio installed when it shipwrecked. Apart from military and naval use, Marconi also saw the possibilities of connecting the lonely sailors and the passengers especially those onboard the liners crossing the Atlantic – with their loved ones at home. Early in the 20th century Marconi’s company started Morsing small “newspapers” to the big steamers – a 200 word summary of the most important news, so voyagers could keep abreast of news from home. So why not open a service for sailors and passengers to communicate home? If the Morsed message was sent from one ship to another and posted as ordinary mail from the next port of call, all the telegraph fees could be avoided and ocean letter messages sent for a fraction of the costs for telegrams. Thus, the ocean letter was a logical next use for radios.

Figure 2. The earliest recorded ocean letter forwarded from an unknown ship on the Hamburg—West Africa Line on arrival in Hamburg on October 29, 1911, to Krefeldt. Rate from October 1, 1907 – August 1, 1907 = 20 pfennig. Sent as first increment letter and stamps cover the printed REGISTERED, proving that you might choose to send it as ordinary letter or registered. Unless a cover includes the original message form, the identity of the originating ship is usually unknown.

About Ocean Letters An ocean letter can be defined as a message Morsed from one ship to another that is on its way to a harbor. The message is written down by the receiving ship on a special piece of stationery – depending on who runs the radio

Figure 3. The first type of DEBEG message form, A4 size. Messages were written by the telegraph operator who received the Morsed messages from other ships. He/she then folded it into the letter, franked it and went to the post office when the ship was moored to send the letters. FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 155

Figure 4a. The first type of message form used by Marconi’s English company.

and radio operator – put into a special stationery envelope or written on a piece of stationery that might be folded and sealed to look like a letter. The telegraph operator or the purser on the receiving ship takes the letters to the post office at the next port of call, has them franked and sent through the ordinary mail system. So, an ocean letter is first sent by wireless telegraph between ships and then sent as ordinary mail. Therefore German, English or French ocean letters might be franked with stamps from anywhere in the world. Marconi was the great entrepreneur of ocean letters and radio, but Telefunken’s joint company Deutsche Betriebsgesellschaft für drahtlose Telegraphie m.b.H. (DEBEG) beat him to the finish line, offering a full ocean letter service in September 1911. A DEBEG circular was sent to radio officers on all German ships about the introduction of the new service. The telegram abbreviation was to be OZ (Ozean Brief). This was changed by an international agreement in April 1914. The telegraphic prefix became OL (Ocean Letter) and so it would remain until this day if ocean letters had not become obsolete due to modern telecommunication. DEBEG began on September 12, 1911, followed weeks later by Marconi’s Company. Figure 2 shows the earliest known ocean letter, sent by DEBEG. Inside this envelope was a stationery form like the one shown in Figure 3. The telegraphed/Morsed message was written on the form and put into the envelope. When the ship got into the first port of call, here Bremen, the letters were franked and sent on to their final destination. As mentioned before, you may see DEBEG envelopes franked with stamps from non-German countries, e.g. U.S., if an American port was the first post of call. When Marconi started his ocean letter service, the procedure was more or less the same – a stationery envelope

Figure 4b. An ocean letter from an unknown ship forwarded on March 25, 1920, in Jamaica. Local rate from July 1, 1919 – June 1, 1921 = 1½ d. Registration fee from January 1, 1906 – June 16, 1921 = 2d. Total 3½ d. Franked with two War Tax stamps. Part of the rate was a tax for restoring the economy of the country after WWI. 156 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

Figure 5. An ocean letter forwarded from an unknown ship February 9, 1933, in New York, sent to the incoming president of the U.S. With printer’s imprint “S.34” in bottom left corner. Rubber stamp: Marconi’s subsidiary office address in case of return. Foreign rate from May 14, 1923 – May 1, 1940= 2½d.

and form on which to write the message (Figure 4a). Marconi stuck to this concept until World War II. The reverse of a Marconi message form reads: AN OCEAN LETTER (Prefix OL) is a special class of message accepted on board ship for transmission by wireless to another vessel proceeding in the opposite direction. The latter vessel forwards the message to its destination by registered post from the first port of call. A POSTE RADIOTELEGRAM (Prefix poste) is a special class of message accepted on board ship for transmission to another vessel proceeding in any direction. The latter vessel forwards the message to its destination through the ordinary postal channels from a selected port of call, indicated in the address. OCEAN LETTERS and POSTE-RADIOTELEGRAMS should not be confused with ordinary wireless telegrams, which are treated telegraphically throughout. Ocean letters could be sent at a fraction of the costs for a telegram. Fees were added to telegrams for each link they passed through. A Danish ocean letter only cost 10 øre (~ 1¢) per word, plus postage, for well over the first 20 years they existed. At first ocean letters were only sent from ship to ship, because the range for the radios was limited, but with improved radios, messages could be sent from any ship anywhere in the world to any ship that was close to a harbor of the addressee. So there was no difference in the service or the rates between ocean letters and Poste Radiotelegrams. Collectors call both ocean letters in spite of the prefix on the message form. For the first years of ocean letters, the sender might choose between ordinary rate or registered. The telegraph

operator was in fact functioning like a postmaster and was equipped with postal rate tables to make sure franking was correct. Most were sent as registered until 1925, probably because senders wanted to make sure they reached the addressee, considering the sender had already paid a higher price than for an ordinary letter. Around 1925 the service seemed to be so reliable that registration was abandoned in most cases. Most ocean letters were sent as first class mail. Of course, you might send them as express letters or “special delivery,” as it was called in the U.S., if you paid the proper fee for this service. Collectors of ocean letters look for stationery envelopes with the original form enclosed, and of course ocean letters franked with stamps from less usual destinations. For example, the Figure 4b letter has Jamaica stamps that even show War Taxing.

The Big Players – Marconi and DEBEG Marconi bought several companies and established subsidiary companies in several countries, which over the decades were consolidated, served different purposes, and were frequently renamed. For example, ocean letters can be found from the Marconi company British Wireless Marine Service, established in 1928, and from subsidiary companies in Norway and Italy. He also had radios installed in four Danish ships. It requires specialist knowledge to distinguish the different printings of Marconi stationery, with at least 29 different prints recorded. The new company’s stationery from 1928 onwards looks very much like the old company’s (Figure 5). Notice that this one was addressed to the U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt. Germany’s DEBEG company was not as consistent when it came to the design of its ocean letters and forms. In 1925 the red envelopes were scrapped and a new design FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 157

Figure 6. DEBEG’s new message form design from 1925, which they kept with small changes until the end.

Figure 7. Ocean letter forwarded October 19, 1932, by airmail from Port Sudan to Atbara and from Brindisi as surface mail to Germany. The airmail label was crossed out (known as a Jusqu’à mark) in Brindisi. This indicates that the letter continued from Brindisi by surface mail. Domestic rate from May 14, 1923 – May 1, 1940 = 2½d. Airmail rate = 2d. Total 4½d. Ocean letters from outside of Europe or North America are rarely seen.

158 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

in blue and white was introduced. The rather boring grey form was replaced by a smaller one also in blue and white (Figure 6). The envelopes had small changes in the design but stuck to the same colors until the end. There are at least five red types and 13 blue ones. One of my favorites is the example in Figure 7, a German ocean letter in the new 1925 design, sent as airmail from Sudan – a rare combination. The Germans had a sailing route east of Africa, and after posting in Port Sudan it was transported to Atbara for airmail transportation to Brindisi and then by train to Germany. The Germans were quite innovative when it came to speedy communication. One of their innovations should be mentioned here. Two German vessels SS Bremen and SS Europa had a device installed when they were launched in 1928 that could launch an aeroplane when they were within flying distance of Europe or the United States. This sort of catapult mail could shorten delivery by a couple of days. Figure 8 is an example of a catapult letter, first Morsed to the ship and then flown ashore (Figure 9) and mailed. The two vessels had their own post offices onboard and therefore the cover was franked and stamped onboard before flying to Southampton, and then onwards to Bremen, Germany. Speedy communication was top priority. Suppose you were sailing across the Atlantic and there were no vessels you could Morse to in the vicinity. But instead, maybe there was a Zeppelin! Three such ocean letters with message forms are known, all of the DEBEG type. The Zeppelins did not have ocean letter stationery, so they typed “ocean letter” (ozeanbrief) on the front and used their own stationery envelopes and forms. Figure 10 is such a letter Morsed from the ocean liner SS Roland to Graf Zeppelin on its flight from South America to Friedrichshafen, Germany, where the letter was mailed on arrival. DEBEG established a subsidiary company in the U.S. around 1925, run

Figure 8. A catapult ocean letter forwarded from SS Europa June 21, 1933, from Southampton to Berlin, June 22, 1933. Domestic rate from May 1, 1933 – March 15, 1935 = 25 Rpf. Catapult surcharge = 50 Rpf. Total 75 Rpf. Catapult ocean letters are quite elusive.

Figure 9. The Heinkel HE 12, a German mailplane built to be launched via catapult, on the SS Bremen, 1929.

by a gentleman called Boehme whose name is printed on the back of the American ocean letters from DEBEG. These look like the German ones, but as seen on Figure 11, they were preprinted with “special delivery” on the front and Boehme and a U.S. address on the back. So, this letter was delivered right away to the addressee when it reached its last post office, and did not await normal delivery. The fee for this service was paid by the “special delivery” stamp next to the ordinary stamp. Usually the ships only had stamps for sale from their countries of origin, so if “special service” was requested, the telegraph operator could not just put the letters in the ship’s mailbag, but had to go to the nearest post office at the next port of call and pay in cash for the service as fees are usually only accepted in local currency/stamps. In rare cases this can result in a cover with stamps from two countries. Figure 12 shows an English Marconi ocean letter with an English stamp, paying for ordinary mail, and a special delivery stamp. Mail from a ship can be franked

with the stamps from the ship’s home country for ordinary delivery like paquebot letters, but English stamps are not valid payment for a “special delivery” fee. A faint red “Fee claimed by office of first address” handstamp on the envelope indicates that the special delivery fee was credited to the post office of the delivery address, even if the letter needed to be forwarded. Here ends Part 1 of "Ocean Letters." Part 2, coming soon, will introduce readers to the wide range of ocean letters sent by companies besides Marconi and DEBEG, and cover the final days of the service as technology advanced past it.

References

This article draws almost entirely from my own research, which is available in part (a catalog of Marconi’s and Danish ocean letters) at http://www. tpo-seapost.org.uk/tpo2/spocean_catalog.html. Roger Hosking’s introduction to ocean letters, an important and early resource, is also available on www. tpo-seapost.org.uk. Hosking, Roger. “An Introduction to Ocean Letters” (TPO & Seapost Society, 2002). “Ocean Letters - a Sequel” (TPO & Seapost Society, 2005). FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 159

Articles from Posthistorisk Tidsskrift (Danish Postal History Society) (No. 3, 4 – 2007) (No. 1-4 – 2008) (No. 2 - 2018). Frick, Richard. Schiffspost im Nordseeraum (Hans Grobe, Hannover; 1981). Articles from Deutsche Briefmarken-Zeitung (DBZ) (March, April, May, and July 2014). Det Danske Post- og Telegrafvæsen. Beretning om Virksomheden 1917-67, vol 1-3. Hancock, H. E. Wireless at Sea, The First Fifty Years (Marconi Marine; 1950). Johnsen, A. O. En innsats i radioteknikkens tjeneste, Norsk Marconiselskab 1919-1949 (Johansen; 1949) Jacobsen, Kurt. Fra prikker og streger til tele-og datakommunikation, Store Nordiske 125 (GN Store nord; 1995) Wedervang, B. De danske kyststationer 1904-2010 (Post og Tele; 2011). Larsen, S. B. 75 år på bølgelængde (Radio-telegrafistforeningen; 1992). Knudsen, E. K. Lyngby Radio oxz – fra eventyr til saga blot (2012). Thorsoe, Soren, et. al. DFDS 1866-1991 Ship development through 125 years (World Ship Society/ DFDS 1991). Instruks for Radiostationer i skibe eller luftfartøjer (from 1919-1980). Gerald C. Skibsradioens historie i Danmark (Lundgren & Andersen; 1963). Bangay, R. D. The Elementary Principles of Wireless Telegraphy (London: The Wireless Press; 1916). Buchmann, F. A. 50 jahre DEBEG 1911-1961 (Berlin: Behrens Hbg; 1961). Graa, P. Hundrede år på havet 1866-1966 (DFDS; 1966). Krüger, Reinhard. Radiotelegramme, Oceanbriefe und das Ende der Seefunktelegraphie im 1. WK (Morgana; 2017).

Figure 10a and b. An ocean letter with contents sent from SS Roland, forwarded from Graf Zeppelin in Friedrichshafen, October 19, 1932. Canceled with Graf Zeppelin, with a Friedrichshafen machine cancel on the back. Domestic Zeppelin airmail rate from June 7, 1932 – May 11, 1934 = 150 Rpf. The earliest recorded Zeppelin ocean letter out of three, with contents.

160 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

Figure 11. An ocean letter forwarded from Alber Ballin June 15, 1926, in New York. Boehme design (the DEBEG branch in the U.S.), printed in November 1925. Notice the Special Delivery preprint. Domestic rate from July 1, 1919 – July 6, 1932 = 2¢. Special delivery fee from October 1, 1885 – November 1, 1944 = 10¢. Delivered immediately to addressee on arrival at G.P.O., New York, by special messenger.

Figure 12. A Marconi envelope forwarded from an unknown ship in New York, August 6, 1935, with the British stamp obliterated with a New York paquebot postmark and the special delivery stamp canceled with a New Your G.P.O. duplex handstamp.. British empire rate from May 14, 1923 – May 1, 1940 = 1½d. Special delivery fee from October 1, 1885 – November 1, 1944 = 10¢. Special delivery stamp affixed at post office on arrival in New York. One of two recorded two-country-franked ocean letters.

he Author

Otto is a retired senior master from the University of Aarhus, Denmark, with degrees in English, Art & Design and Counselling. He has collected and exhibited Greenland Postal History (international gold), ocean letters, and some local Danish exhibits. Otto has published several books especially on postal history and countless articles in stamp magazines and on the net. He is presently the editor of the magazine for Danish Postal History. He has received several awards including Danmark Medaljen, the highest award in Denmark for philately, and is an honorary member of Danish Postal History Society.

For Further Reading Recommendations from the APRL research staff: “Ocean Letters and Their Predecessors,” P.S.: A Quarterly Journal of Postal History 15(3), 1993 3Q.

An Introduction to Ocean Letters. Hosking, Roger (Surrey: T.P.O. & Seapost Society, 2002). IP69908 Ocean Letters: A Sequel. Hosking, Roger. (Surrey: Roger Hosking, 2005). IP69909 FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 161

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Used highlights: #18, 19-37, 44, 66-76, 100, 147-49, etc. Dupli- issues. Highlights include mint #55, 56, 57, 100, 176, 177, E1; cates, perfins, shades are a gift and not included in the catalog used #4, 17, 18, 24, 46, 58, 101. 2017 Scott $6,122. NET $1095 value. 2017 Scott $2425. NET $495 044 CAYMAN ISLANDS – Attractive mint F-VF collection 015 BAHAMAS – Mint (85%) and used collection from 1862- of around 340 stamps from 1900-1978 on quadrille pages. In1966 in mounts on Scott specialty pages. Around 245 stamps in cludes mint #14, 16, 25, 78, 79, 85, 96, 135, 149, etc. Scott generally F-VF condition. Highlights include mint #23, 33-36, 42, $1855. NET $895 49-56, 58-62, 84, 85-89, 100-113, 132-147, 158-173, MR1-4, 045 CAYMAN ISLANDS – Mint (85%) and used F-VF used #9, 20, 21, 31, 82, 83, etc. 2017 Scott $3,150. NET $650 collection of 100 stamps on Scott specialty pages from 1900017 BAHRAIN – Very desirable mint in mounts collection of 1966. Mint highlights: #17, 24-7, 44, 44a and 47. 2020 Scott around 550 F-VF stamps in a Scott specialty album from 1948- $815. NET $350 2006. From 1960 forward collection appears 90% NH. Lots of nice 046 CEYLON – Collection 1861-1968 of around 325 stamps, stamps and souvenir sheets including mint #62-63, 72-80, 224, evenly split mint and used, many in mounts on Scott specialty 270a, 578a, etc. Also includes a bit of uncounted used as a gift and pages. Nice range of issues, complete #260-417 with mint in is 99% NH from 1970-2006. 2020 Scott $2,282. NET $1095 mounts #313-417. Highlights include mint #61 unused, 62, 85, 018 BAHRAIN – Mint (some NH) and used (only five count- 176, 177, 289A NH, 319-28, 346-56, 02, 06, 07; used #18, 31, ed) F-VF collection of 480 stamps, some in mounts on Scott 45, 48, 49, 50, 56, 58, 59, 63-73, 79, 93, 113, 151D, 212, 213, pages from 1942-2001. Mint highlights: #38-51, 52-61A, 72- 241, 243, 264-74. Early issues fine and better, later VF. 2021 80, 141-52, 157-66 and 186-89. Duplicates are free and not in Scott $3,566. NET $1150 stamp count nor catalog value. 2017 Scott $2,325. NET $895 048 CEYLON – Mint & used collection from 1863-1972 on a 019 BAHRAIN – Highly desirable mint and used collection Scott specialty pages in a binder. Approximately 280 stamps in from 1938-73 on Palo hingeless pages. Approximately 155 generally F-VF condition. Duplicates not counted but included stamps in generally F-VF condition. Highlights include mint #28, as a gift. Highlights include mint #139, 286a, 328, used #48, 62, 30, 31, 38-51, 52-61, 72-80, used #35, 36, 37, etc. 2020 Scott 102, 148, 289A, etc. 2020 Scott $1455. NET $375 $1560. NET $650 050 CAYMAN ISLANDS – Good mint collection of 185 020 BAHRAIN – 86 mint stamps from 1938-57 on Scott spe- stamps in mounts on Scott specialty pages from 1900-1966. cialty pages in F-VF condition. Highlights include #21-8, 41-51, Highlights: #3-7, 8-12, 13-16, 17, 21-8, 29-30, 32-42, 44, 45-7, 72-9, etc. 2020 Scott $438. NET $195 62-3, 64-8, 69-77, 86-96, 100-11, 122-34, 135-49 and 153-67. F-VF or better. 2017 Scott $2,660. NET $1195 FABULOUS WHOLESALE PRE-1940 021 BARBADOS – Mint and used fine or better collection of 16 stamps, three mint, on trimmed quad page from 1857-1846. 051 CYPRUS – All mint collection on Minkus pages of around WORLDWIDE SPECIAL OFFERS Duplicates are free and not counted. Mint highlights: #16, 56 and 600 VF from 1960-1992. All in mounts after 1976. Includes mint #183-197, Europa sets #219-221, 229-231, 244-246, etc. 2017 OUR PRE 1940 $4995 “MONSTROSITY” – This is used #5a and 11. 2017 Scott $730. NET $195 our specialty and a carton of this old desirable mate- 025 BERMUDA – Mint and used (55%) fine or better col- Scott $815. NET $275 rial is offered each sale. All old and valuable mate- lection of more than 245 stamps on Scott specialty pages from 054 EGYPT – Collection 1866-1967 with around 900 stamps rial other than our large collections are sold in our 1865-1972. Mint highlights #49-50, 52, 109, used, #2-4, 7, 10, well mixed mint and used in a Scott specialty album. Highlights include regular issues approximately 94% complete includes monstrosity which is filled with mint and used material 74 and 79, etc. 2020 Scott $2200. NET $695 on album pages, dealer stock-cards, old auction lots, 028 BRITISH – A large carton weighing around 35 pounds mint #8, 9, 59, 113, 269D; used #2, 3, 4, 15, 19-25, 90, 168-71, stockbooks, etc. – all of which will be disorganized containing excellent but completely disorganized 1850-1990s 172-76, 189-90, 224. Other highlights include mint C1, C78-89, which is why it is sold so very inexpensively. Hun- material from early classics to MNH material in the modern era. E1, J11; used J2, J3, J5, N36. Also, NC1-12 mixed mint/used. dreds and hundreds of stamps in the $20-$500 range When we purchase collections, we obviously do not have the Many long runs and complete sets. Early issues fine and better, in mixed condition will easily be found and lurking time to process stamps on stockcards, glassiness, small albums later VF. 2020 Scott $3,021. NET $895 gems await the astute collector. Over 40 pounds of and dealer stockcards so the collector will find the carton loaded 056 FALKLAND ISLANDS & DEPENDENCIES – disorganized happiness. Expect immense catalogue with some tens of thousands of catalog value in generally very Very attractive mint collection on Scott quadrille pages from 1904-1980 of around 250 F-VF stamps. Highlights include mint nice condition. A bargain at: NET $3995 value. The best value in the stamp industry! #27, 62, 63, 84-96, 100, 107-120, 178, 142, etc. 2019 Scott OUR PRE 1940 $8995 “SUPER MONSTROSITY” – 031 BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA, BRITISH EAST $2567. NET $895 Think of the above monstrosity, then think of two such AFRICA – Mint and used (55%) fine or better collection of more 058 GAMBIA – Around 170 mint F-VF stamps on Scott quathan 55 stamps on Scott specialty pages from 1890-1904. Highcartons with very different types of material. For the serious pre 1940 worldwide collector – enough for an lights: British Central Africa mint #10, used #4-6, 22-4, 58, British drille pages from 1880-1964. Includes mint 20-27, 64, 65-66, East Africa mint #76-82 and used #29. 2020 Scott $1020. NET $375 70-80, 87-96, 120, etc. Two uncounted used yours as a gift. 2019 entire year. Nuff said! 036 CANADA – Valuable mint and used collection 1857- Scott $1589. NET $650 1968 approximately 95% complete in a Scott specialty album. 059 GHANA – Mint collection in mounts from 1971-1981 in Some mint highlights include #35, 70, 71, 75 NH, 78, 79, 80, mounts in a White Ace album. About 90% MNH. Approximately 006 ASCENSION – Desirable all mint collection of 61 F-VF on 82, 88 NH, 85-86 NH, 89 NH, 96-103, nearly complete 104- 255 stamps in generally F-VF condition. Highlights include mint Scott pages. 1922-56. Mint #9, 10-21, 41, 44, 52, 53, 62-74. Some 480 with 104-22, 125-34, 149-59, (157 NH), 162-77, 228-30 #644, etc. 2020 Scott $280. NET $125 nice key KG V issues. 2017 Scott $966. NET $425 NH pairs, most NH from 1935 on, C1-9, E1-11 (E3 NH), J1-5, 062 GOLD COAST – Around 110 F-VF on specialty pages 008 ASCENSION – Selection of around 170 singles, sets J6-10, MR1-7 (MR6 NH), O1-O49 (no O9). Also mint British from 1876-1954. Appears 50/50 mint used to 1935 and mint and sheets from 1966 to early 1990s. All mint and on multi-ring Colombia #7, 8 and mint New Brunswick #6-11. Some used thereafter. Highlights include mint #45, 79, 107, used #21, 32, stocksheets. Lots of topical material. 2017 Scott $205. NET $110 highlights include #4, 9, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 40, 46, 47, 84, 80 and any other values with clear cancels. 2020 Scott $1189. 010 AUSTRALIA – Mint F-VF collection of more than 455 95. Early issues fine, later VF. 2020 Scott $19,360. NET $3995 NET $375 stamps on British quad pages in simplex deluxe spring back bind039 CANADA – Mint (60%) and used mostly fine or better 063 GREAT BRITAIN – High catalog value collection 1840er from 1913-74 with emphasis on George V heads and later varieties with some in mounts. Only Scott listed stamps are counted. collection of around 260 stamps on Scott specialty pages with 2007 filled with better singles and sets in a bulging Scott specialty alDuplicates and others are free and not counted. Highlights: #18, varieties from 1855-1953 with almost all in mounts with a good bum. Approximately 2300 stamps and S/S, plus enormous amount 60-3, 72a, 73a, 74a, 113-20, 124 NH, 142-44, 142a-44a, 147-49, number of NH. Duplicates and others are free and not counted. of duplication included as gift. Early issues mostly used thru 1935, Mint highlights: 35, 37, 43, 44, 45a, 50-2, 54 NH, 56, 72, 76 NH, then mostly mint in mounts thru 2007. Some used highlights include 147a, 292-303 and 314-31. 2020 Scott $2250. NET $650 011 AUSTRALIA – Mint and used (65%) mostly F-VF collec- 77 NH, 100-02, 124, 136, (NH, right stamp of pair) and #139-40, #5, 11, 12, 13, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 57pl#2, 64, 64a, 70, tion of more than 486 stamps on Scott specialty pages from 1913- 146-48, 149-53, 155-57, 175, 203, 244, 249-60, 262, 278-81 all 71, 73, 87, 94-96, 108, 109, 139, 141, 173, 174, 179-81, 209 and 1990s. Duplications are free and not counted. Mint highlights: #18, NH. Used highlights: #4, 17, 18, 19, 20a, 21, 22, 24, 27, 27a, 29, Officials O2, O5, O6, O21, O33, O36, O42, O61, O69, O72-77 (O75 49-50, 147-49, 218-21, 298-303, J74-77, used #1-11, 38-41, 43, 30b, 39b, 40, 40a, 45, 46-7, 55, 58, 73, 84, 95, 123, 133 and 158- mint). Also, better mint includes #20, 68 pl#17 unused, 105, 29259. A collection with substance. 2021 Scott $9,050. NET $1995 308, 309-12 NH, 353c-360a, 1839-86 NH, 1890-1937 NH, com53-4, 96-9, 178-79 and J42-46. 2020 Scott $2650. NET $595 012 AUSTRALIA – Mint (55%) and used collection of 840 040 CANADA – Mint mostly used collection 1851-1948 of plete booklet 1992a, J53. Early issues fine and better, later issues stamps generally F-VF on Scott specialty pages from 1913-81. around 250 stamps on Minkus pages. Mixed earlies, F-VF for late VF. Lots of material. 2020 Scott $24,899. NET $5495

As always we would like to thank the collectors whose lifelong collections are included in this ad with special appreciation to our former customers who put their faith in us when it was time to sell their lifelong collections. Welcome to our 150th sale containing over $350,000 of fine collections which as always are sold at WHOLESALE PRICES — UNDOUBTEDLY THE BEST BARGAINS IN THE STAMP INDUSTRY. A special thank you to our collectors for making our last sale one of our very best! We realize that many of our customers are frustrated when they call and learn that many of the lots they wish to buy have already been sold. We suggest you save yourself frustration and order as quickly as possible after you have made your selections. Since the collections sell quickly we suggest you having a list of alternative selections to insure a pleasant buying experience. As has been our policy for 40 years, satisfaction is absolutely guaranteed and any lot may be returned for immediate refund within 5 days of receipt for any reason — but I must say our return rate is less than 2%, perhaps the lowest in the stamp business. Please call or fax quickly since we generally sell well over 60% of the collections in the first four days. For collectors who are known to us, payment can be spread over a 3 month period interest free.

BRITISH

064 GREAT BRITAIN – Mint and used collection from many in mounts. Duplicates are free and not counted. Highlights: cluding mint #1-9, 44-57, 60-70, 78-89 NH, 121-135, etc. Around

170 stamps. 2020 Scott $993. NET $395 1840-2003 in a Minkus album. Approximately 1920 stamps in #41-51, 95-109, 233-45 and 322a. 2020 Scott $890. NET $325 generally F-VF condition. Duplicates not counted but included 097 MALAYA STATES: NEGRI SEMBILAN – At- 144 TUVALU – Essentially complete collection of 1120 VF as a gift. Highlights include used #1, 11, 32a, 39, 44, 48, 52, tractive 98% mint collection on Palo pages from 1891-1963 of NH stamps and 120 S/S in a Kabe hingeless album from 197681, 85, 105, 107, 126, O36, O72-O76, etc. 2020 Scott $7,995. around 90 F-VF stamps. We saw mint #38-58, used #13, some 2006 with irresistible topical appeal. Highlights include: #23-37, occupations, including #N17a, N28a inverts. 2017 Scott $1017. 818-26, 832-4, 850-4, 876-81, 909-12, 917-20, 937-42, 976-9, NET $1695 986-7, 988-93, 1011-13, etc. 2020 Scott $2100. NET $995 066 GREAT BRITAIN – Interesting selection of around NET $495

230 F-VF from 1840-1953 on Scott pages. Appears 99% used 101 MALDIVE ISLANDS – Palo pages in a three-ring binder to 1940 and 80% mint thereafter. Loads of highlights including with around 800 F-VF stamps in mounts from 1906-1982 with used #1, 5, 13, 15, 26, 42, 48, 52, 96, 108, 126, 139, 173, O30, pages and a few along for the ride to 1988. Collection is all mint 149 ALGERIA – Collection of around 280 generally F-VF stamps on Scott specialty and quadrille pages from 1924-67. O36. Also mint 136, 137, J41, etc. Good material. 2017 Scott with a couple used included as a gift. Highlights include mint #13, Around 70 used postage up to 1950. The first issue and the rest 172-186, 195-200, 201-206, etc. 2017 Scott $2325. NET $550 $8,025. NET $1395 after 1950 are mint. Nothing to knock your socks off, but good 068 GRENADA – Around 210 F-VF stamps on Scott spe- 106 NATAL – Specialty pages with selection of around 40 amount of clean mint material and a few nice cancels. 2020 cialty pages from 1861-1967 overall around 95% mint, with the generally F-VF stamps from 1862-1908. Around 40% mint over- Scott $517. NET $160 used all in the earlies, including used #2. Mint highlights #21, all with some nice highlights including mint #113, used #12, 16, 150 ANDORRA, FRENCH – Mint collection 1931-96 of 18, 55, 64. Etc. 2020 Scott $735. NET $210 68-76, 91-112, etc. 2020 Scott $1682. NET $550 300 VF stamps plus two better used (#41, J11) in mounts on 107 NATAL – Mint and used mostly F-VF collection of 39 070 GUERNSEY – MNH collection from 2010-2016 in album pages. From 1967-96 all but two stamps MNH. Highlights mounts on Palo pages. Approximately 255 stamps in VF condi- stamps, in mounts on Scott specialty pages from 1860-1909. include mint #136, 138, 142, 159-60, J14, J16-20, J32-41, J42Mint highlights: #16 (no gum VF centering), 38, O4-5 and used tion. 2020 Scott $670. NET $375 45. 2017 Scott $1466. NET $375 073 HONG KONG – Around 75 mint and used stamps on #9, 15, 17, 30, 107-08, etc. 2017 Scott $1297. NET $375 151 ANDORRA, FRENCH – Mint collection from 1944-77 Scott pages in F-VF condition. Highlights include mint #147-150, 109 NEVIS – Mint (98%) and used collection of 500 stamps in mounts on Scott pages. Duplicates and used not counted but 161, 179 and used #145, 146, etc. 2017 Scott $1070. NET $275 and souvenir sheets on preprinted album pages from 1867- included as a gift. Approximately 220 stamps in F-VF condition. 075 INDIA – Way overfilled three-ring binder of Scott and 1993. Mint highlights: #22, used #24 and #26. #O5 single with Highlights include mint #122, 123, 124-142, 143-153, C1, C2inverted overprint mint (only two sheets printed) is free and not C4, J21-J31, J32-J42-J45, etc. 2020 Scott $1380. NET $550 Palo pages with around 1950 stamps from 1854-2005 and some in catalog value. Condition is generally F-VF. 2017 Scott $1200. 152 ARGENTINA – Around 1000 F-VF stamps on Scott 2015-2016 modern postage. Condition is mixed in pockets from NET $275 specialty pages from 1858 to 1967. Appears 98% used to 1950, 1854-1920. Large mint selection around 1950s and 1980s, but 111 NEWFOUNDLAND – Desirable 90% mint F-VF col- then mint thereafter. Well filled pages from 1940 on. Includes 75% of the collection is used along with way overloaded duplicates in mounts uncounted as a gift. Includes mint #72, 220, lection of around 250 stamps on Palo pages from 1857-1947. some nice items, mint #797 sheet, C1-C19, and used #6, 27, 39, 221, 219, M9, M10, used 13, 29, 88, 106-125, 166, etc. Nice Condition is excellent and almost all in mounts. Many highlights O14, etc. Good representation of used permanent overprints. including mint #1, 30, 38, 76, C2, C3, C12, used #21, 25, 26, 2020 Scott $1350. NET $325 mint military issues. 2020 Scott $3,205. NET $750 28a, etc. A bit of uncounted duplication all yours as a gift. A very 153 AUSTRIA – Collection 1850-1967 in mounts in a Scott 076 INDIA – F-VF collection 1855-1964 of around 625 stamps strong collection. 2020 Scott $7,685. NET $2595 album. Highlights: regular issues approximately 95% complete approximately 85% used in a Scott album. Wide range of issues 112 NEWFOUNDLAND – Meticulous collection of 170 with mostly used earlies, mostly mint after 1947. Includes mint including some states. Highlights include used #52, 97, 124, F-VF mint stamps in a Palo hingeless album from 1880-1947. A #536 NH, 538 NH; used #1, 2, 7, 8, 17, 18, 39, 127; Semi-postals 134. Also, Gwalior #124 used; Bahawalpur #12 mint; Cochin #84 rare opportunity and a sight to view. Highlights: 41-57, 61-75, 78- mostly mint includes mint B1-86 complete, B93-98, B100-05, unused; Hyderabad #57 used. Good start to a popular collecting 97, 104-14, 115-26, 151-9, 183-99, 233-43, 252-66, etc. 2020 B132-37 NH, B156-64 NH, B245-51 NH, B260-63, also used area. 2020 Scott $1020. NET $295 B270, B273-76. Also mint C54-60 NH, J9, P5 and used P6. Plus Scott $4,125. NET $1295 079 INDIA & STATES – Mint and used collection from 116 NEW ZEALAND – Mint and used (70%) mostly fine or offices in Turkey with mint J6-14 and used #2, 7, 24, 25; Lom1854-2005 in mounts on quadrille pages in a binder. Duplicates better collection of more than 485 stamps on Minkus specialty bardy-Venetia used #6, 7, 9, 12, PR2. Also Bosnia-Herzegovina not counted but included as a gift. Approximately 1,255 stamps pages from 1864-1969. Mint highlights: #119, 183, B3-4 (B4 mostly used #1-61 complete. Nice collection of around 1800 in F-VF condition. Highlights include mint #129-134 NH, 237toned gum), C5, E1a, J4-11 (scarce), O80-86, used #79, 187- overall F-VF stamps. Total 2020 Scott $7,435. NET $1695 240, 275-288, 319, 605a, 636a, used #2a, 5, 6a, 31-35, C1-C6, 94, 196-98, AR35-37, O29, etc. 2017 Scott $3,500. NET $675 154 AUSTRIA – Collection 1850-2004 (pages to 2012) apetc. 2020 Scott $3,080. NET $995 117 NEW ZEALAND AND ROSS DEPENDENCY proximately 80% complete with mint (many in mounts) and used 081 IRELAND – Mint (70%) and used F-VF collection of – Around 680 mostly used stamps on Steiner pages running in a Scott specialty album. Regular issues about 90% complete 270 stamps on trimmed Scott specialty pages from 1922-1968 1874-1979 in generally F-VF condition. Highlights: mint #J22- for years 1916-86 (nearly all mint from 1976 on), gap 1990s, mainly in mounts. Duplicates are free and not counted. Mint J25, used #82, 156, 178, 192, AR46, 060, P1b, etc. 2016 Scott complete MNH years 2001-03 (#1835-1944), includes mint #33, highlights: #2a (inverted overprint), 9-11 (10A NH1, 12-13, 12 $1850. NET $350 379; used #2, 127, 371. Semis include complete mint runs B30NH), 13 very light hinge, 23-35, 39-43, 94, 96-8, J5-13, used 76 and B142-65, used complete run B245-79. Also good air119 NIGERIA – Very nice F-VF used collection of 80 stamps mails with used C57, C58, C59; postage Dues with mint J9 and #56, 92, 93 and J1-3, etc. 2020 Scott $3000. NET $895 on annotated European quad pages from 1914-1949 with all du082 IRELAND – Mint collection on Lindner hingeless pages plicates and most varieties not in stamp count nor catalog value. used J132-58; other B.O.B. Early issues fine and better, later VF. from 1922-53 of around 145 F-VF stamps. Lots of highlights Highlights: 1-12, 18-32, 34-8, 38-49 and 53-68, etc. 2017 Scott 2017 Scott $3,226. NET $695 155 AUSTRIA – Mint collection 1867-1918 of Offices and WWI including, #10A, 56, 65-76, 91, 92, 96-98, J1-J4, etc. Some ad- $1493. NET $695 occupations with 277 stamps, many in mounts, on quadrille pagditional uncounted used included as a gift 2020 Scott $1900. 121 NYASALAND PROTECTORATE – Mint (90%) and es. Highlights: Offices in Crete complete 1-14; Offices in Turkey NET $595 used F-VF collection of more than 120 stamps on Scott specialty 083 IRELAND BOOKLETS – Mint never hinged collection pages from 1908-1964. Mint highlights: #8, 36, 72-81, 97-111 complete #7 (with 7C-7J) – 58, J1-14; Military M21 NH (crease); M22-68; Italy complete N1-22, NE1-2, NJ1-7, NP1-4; Montenegro from 2008-2017 on stock pages in a binder. Approximately 30 and J1-5. 2020 Scott $840. NET $295 1N1-4 with 1N4 signed; Romania complete 1N1-34; Serbia 1N1booklets in VF condition. Highlights include mint #1792a, 1890b, 123 PAKISTAN – Mint and used collection of around 175 42. Some NH. VF. 2020/2017 Scott $1581. NET $595 1900b, 1928a, 2164b, etc. 2020 Scott $880. NET $325 stamps from 1947-65 on Scott specialty pages F-VF condition. 157 AUSTRIA & AREAS – Large and desirable collection 084 JAMAICA – Mint and used (62%) generally F-VF collec- Highlights include Bahawalpur mint #2-15, etc. 2017 Scott $416. of over 2550 F-VF in mounts on Steiner pages from 1850-2011. tion of 245 stamps on Minkus pages from 1860-1963. Highlights: NET $130 Clean very well filled with decent B.O.B. and areas. Includes mint #116-28 NH mint & #4 used. Duplicates are free and not in cata- 124 PENRHYN ISLAND – Mint fine or better collection of #46, 324 NH, B52a, B132-B137 NH, B138-B141, B269-B271, C29, log value. 2017 Scott $770. NET $225 more than 105 stamps and souvenir sheets on Scott specialty N30, Great used, including, #1-5, 7, 8, 17, 18, 33, 39, 127, C57, 086 JAMAICA – Around 320 generally F-VF stamps on al- pages from 1902-78. Highlights: #10-12 and 13-16, etc. 2017 C58, Turkish offices, #6, 33a, Lombardy #1, 2, 6, 8, 12, 24. Used bum pages from 1860-1969 with a few more stamps to 1975. Scott $325. NET $125 earlies, 99% mint 1937-78. Mixed M/U thereafter, sparse from 1992 Appears to be 85% used. Includes mint #41, MR3, used #51, 137 SOUTH AFRICA – Mint and used collection from 1910- on. Some NH after 1922. 2020 Scott $7,640. NET $1695 etc. 2020 Scott $841. NET $195 2006 in a Scott specialty album. Approximately 1100 stamps in Continued on next page 087 JERSEY – Complete MNH collection from 1948-1996 in generally F-VF condition. Duplicates not counted but included as mounts in a Lighthouse album. Approximately 815 stamps in VF a gift. Highlights include mint #38, B11, etc. 2020 Scott $1275. Please call to reserve lots or for additional description. We are open for your calls seven days a week. FOR COLLECTORS condition. 2020 Scott $695. NET $350 NET $375 WHO ARE KNOWN TO US, PAYMENTS MAY BE SPREAD 093 KUWAIT – Highly desirable collection from 1923-78 of 142 TURKS & CAICOS – Mint F-VF collection of more than OVER A THREE MONTH PERIOD. INTEREST FREE. about 56 mainly F-VF mostly mint (95%) stamps on Scott pages. 170 stamps on Scott specialty pages from 1900-1967. High- SHIPPING – UPS or mail within 3 days of receiving Highlights include almost complete for years 1964-78 with mint lights: #13-22, 25-35, 44-57, 60-70, 78-89, 105-17 and 121-34. payment. We pay shipping expenses. #291-95, 462-73B, 583-9D, 742-49, 756-63, 023, 024. Used Duplicates and couple of specimen overprints are free and not PAYMENT TERMS — Personal check, Money Order, #28, 31, 32, 723-29, etc. 2017 Scott $1563. NET $425 counted. 2020 Scott $775. NET $275 MasterCard, Visa, Discover or American Express. 095 MALAWI – Mint F-VF collection of more than 480 stamps 143 TURKS & CAICOS – Attractive mint collection on spe- RETURN POLICY – Lots may be returned and souvenir sheets on black two-sided pages from 1964-1984 with cialty and quadrille pages from 1900-1967. Lots of highlights in- for any reason within 5 days of receipt.

WORLDWIDE

158 AUSTRIA & AREAS – Well filled Scott album from ally F-VF condition. Highlights include mint #1184a, 1021a bklt, J92,used #9, 24, 65, 96 and occupations used #N1-N8, N9, N10, 1850-1999 with around 2400 F-VF. All used to 1919, then 90% 1025a bklt, 1201a bklt, 1233a bklt, used #6, 8, 12, 14, 19, 24, N11, N14. Souvenir set, etc. 2017 Scott $8,815. NET $1695 mint with some pockets. Not strong in semis, but includes used 25-34, 35, 65-69, 191, 164-175, J1-7, etc. While the primary col- 211 FRANCE – Scarce #C14 mint o.g. XF centered, lightly #1, 12 nice cancels, C57, C58; Turkish Offices #6, 24; mint #520- lection is 98% used in two albums, there is a third album contain- hinged. 2020 Scott $825. NET $395 ing mint booklets. 2017 Scott $7,850. NET $1395 556; Turkish Offices #6b, etc. 2017 Scott $3,170. NET $595 218 FRENCH MOROCCO – Mint (85%) and used mostly 161 BELGIUM – Very strong B.O.B. collection on computer 194 DENMARK – An exciting all used collection of perhaps F-VF collection of more than 360 stamps on Minkus pages from generated pages from 1930-1975 of around 630 F-VF, all in 900 stamps from 1851-1988 in F-VF condition in a nice Scott 1891-1955. Duplicates are free and not counted. Mint highlights: mounts and overall, 85% mint. Lots of strong material includ- specialty album. Highlights include used #1-2, 3-6, 20, 35, 41- #20-1, 28-37, C4, CB1-10, CB11-20, J3-4 and used #22. 2020 ing mint #C5, C12, O56-O63, P1-P19, Q15, Q49, Q54, Q55, 52, 79-81, 82, 97-131, 135, 181-191, B1-2, J9-24, P1-10, etc. Scott $1535. NET $550 Q181-Q183, Q343-361B, Q310-Q326, Q337, Q341, used J16, 2018 Scott $5,351. NET $995 222 FRENCH POLYNESIA – 98% complete mint collecetc. Very nice collection with a small number of enticing gaps to 195 DENMARK – Very nice collection of around 490 stamps tion in mounts on homemade pages in generally VF condition. reach completion. 2020 Scott $5,176. NET $1795 (80% used) from 1851 to 1963 on Scott specialty pages in gener- Highlights include #21-54, 55a, 57-59, 72-75, 80-116, 126-135, 162 BELGIUM – Specialty album with around 2000 postage ally F-VF condition. The collection appears to be about 80% com- C17-19, C21, C24-7, C33 NH, C37 NH, C54 NH, C63-7, C100-4 stamps and souvenir sheets from 1849 to 2008. Earlies are mixed plete for the time period, including B.O.B. issues. There is signifi- NH, C107-C111 NH, C134-C136a NH, etc. 2018 Scott $5,690. condition but generally F-VF after 1890. Overall 50/50 mint and cant duplication, from both mint and used copies of many issues NET $1395 used to 1974, used to 1994, and mint thereafter. Includes mint and varieties. Some excellent highlights including used #2b, 3, 5, 223 FRENCH POLYNESIA – Mint (97%) and used collec#136, 137, 190 ,212-215, 221, 445, 461, 464, used #1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 12, 34, 35, 37, 69, 79, 82, 110, 110, 131, 135, 137, 140, 152, 191, tion of 205 F-VF stamps on Minkus pages from 1913-1978 with the value in modern issues. Mint highlights: #270-71, C24-27, 12, 23, 39, etc. No B.O.B. 2020 Scott $7,105. NET $1350 B2, C4, C5, Q3, etc. 2020 Scott $4,719. NET $995 164 BELGIUM – Collection 1851-1977 in a Scott specialty 196 DENMARK – Valuable mint (58%) and used collection C37, C52-53, C63-67, C78-82, C88, C89-93, C100-04, C107album. Approximately 90% complete, includes mostly used thru of 1050 stamps on Scott specialty pages from 1851-1988. Mint 114, C112-14. 2017 Scott $2080. NET $695 1930s, mainly mint to mid 1960s, nearly complete mint to 1977. highlights: #5, O1 w/some toning, used #2 (#77 cancel), 4-6, 226 FRENCH SOUTHERN & ANTARCTIC TERRISome highlights include mint #31, 70, 132, 136, B69-77, B114- 11-15, 13a, 20, 24, 25-34, 41-52, 65-69, 80, 164-75, O6-9, etc. TORY – Mint F-VF of collection of 40 stamps on Minkus pages 22, S/S B169, B468-76, B559, B561-66, S/S B662a; used #1, Some modern is NH. Duplicates, shades, cut squares, inverted from 1955-1968 with many in mounts, some NH. Highlights: #1612, 22, 23, 25b, 26b, B544-46, complete Newspapers and good frames, perf varieties, booklets and fluorescent pages not in- 19, 23-4, 28, 30, 31, C1-2, C6, C7, C8 NH, C11 NH and C14. 2020 Scott $1790. NET $695 range Parcel Post/railway. 2017 Scott $6,011. NET $1195 cluded in the catalog value. Mostly F-VF. 2019 Scott $4,750. 227 FRENCH SOUTHERN & ANTARCTIC TER165 BELGIUM – Old Yvert pages with around 160 mint and NET $750 used from 1849 to 1931. Earlies are a bit mixed, but otherwise 197 DENMARK – Collection 1851-1997 of about 650 stamps RITOY – Mint NH/VF collection of more than sixty stamps in F-VF. Includes mint #36, 73, 189, 190, used 26b, 31, several on Scott specialty pages. Mostly used (80%) with selected mint mounts on preprinted album pages housed in 1” three-ring bindnice S.O.N. cancels, Leopold/Albert mint set and several used plus many duplicates (not counted included as gift) Highlights er from 1971-1980 with one late set. 2020 Scott $237. NET $110 singles with mint included as a gift. Good add to spice up your include mint #68, 192-97, B1-2, B3-5; used #15, 27, 35, 37, 80, 228 FRENCH WEST AFRICA – Attractive 98% mint collection of around 130 F-VF from 1943-58. Includes mint #C16 collection. 2017 Scott $1160. NET $225 110, 131, 140, 164-75 and good B.O.B. selection. Earliest issues 168 BRAZIL – Mint and used collection from 1844-1976 in fine and better, later issues F-VF. 2017 Scott $3,650. NET $795 and we saw a couple nice cancels too, unusual for this area. 2017 Scott $360. NET $140 a Scott specialty album. Approximately 1300 stamps in gener198 DENMARK – Attractive selection of almost all used, fine 229 GABON – Nearly all mint F-VF collection of more than ally F-VF condition. Duplicates not counted but included as a gift. or better with 13 stamps, on mint, on two black stock cards from 335 stamps and souvenir sheets almost all in mounts with a Highlights include mint #56, 206, 355, 466, 1181, used #10, 44, 1851-1865, cancels mostly numeral type. Includes two private good deal of more modern NH on Minkus specialty pages from 79-81, 97, 98, 240, 463A, 463B, etc. 2020 Scott $4,120. NET $950 perfs, figured as normal stamps. Highlights: #7 mint and used 1904-1977. Mint highlights: #33-43, 49-71, C39 and J12-22. 170 BRAZIL – Mint and used collection of around 940 gen- #3-6, 5a, 8 and 12-14. 2020 Scott $790. NET $175 2020 Scott $1020. NET $375 erally F-VF stamps from 1843-1968. Lots to like including mint 199 ECUADOR – Specialty and quadrille pages with around 231 GERMAN STATES – Collection 1850s-1920 of around #66, 172, 173, 446-449,466, C53, P1-P9, used 2, 10, 22, 28, 39, 1,380 generally F-VF postage and airs from 1865-1966. High- 550 stamps approximately 75% mint overall, for 14 different 44, 76, 97, 98, etc. 2020 Scott $3,411. NET $750 lights include mint #9, 10, 74, CF2, used #76, 160-165, O27172 BULGARIA – Mint and used fine or better collection of O33. Also, a mixed mint used set O136-O155. Overall, 70% states on Scott album pages. Some highlights include better used Bavaria with #13, 18, 25, 45, 68-91, 117-35, 154, 155, 15647 stamps, 33 used on trimmed Scott page from 1849-1896. used, but 99% mint from 1955 on. 2020 Scott $3,285. NET $750 75, 211, 228, 229, 230, 255, 019, 020-33, 047; Brunswick used Used highlights #2-5, 6-11, 20 and 21B, etc. 2020 Scott $970. 201 ETHIOPIA – Specialty and quadrille pages with around #7, 8; Bremen mint #10, 12 and 15 unused; Hanover mint #18, NET $225 255 stamps 98% mint from 1909-67. Only a few present to 1960, used 2, 7, 29; Mecklenburg-Strelitz mint #1; Oldenburg used #1 173 BULGARIA – Scott specialty pages with around 690 then well filled after. Includes mint #N1-N7. 2020 Scott $556. pair; Wurttemberg used #4, 70; more. Condition ranges from F-VF stamps from 1882 to 1964. Collection is a bit sparse to average to fine and better. Total 2021 Scott $7,467. NET $1195 NET $195 1954, then very well filled with mint in mounts. Includes mint #38 and some 1959 Post anniversary sheets. Overall 80% mint. 2020 202 FAROE ISLANDS – Essentially complete collection of 233 GERMAN STATES: BAVARIA – Mint and used 830 VFINH stamps, 40 S/S and five bklts in mounts on Minkus mostly fine or better collection of more than 320 stamps on Palo Scott $790. NET $195 pages from 1849-1920. Listed varieties of 1849-1862 176 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC – Attractive col- and White Ace pages in three binders from 1975-2018 neatly hingeless issues are counted. Duplicates including used 1849-1862 issue lection of around 130 MNH VF stamps on Scott specialty pages presented and delightful to view. Highlights include 120a, 240a, 429, 451, 505, 510, 513, 540-3, 591, 595-8, 599, 605-8, 612-16, with different numeral cancels and later used with different canfrom 1959-67. 2020 Scott $234. NET $140 cels are all free and not counted. Mint highlights: #5 (a beauty), 178 CHILE – Mint and mostly used fine or better collection of 671, etc. 2020 Scott $2209. NET $995 33-7 and used #3, 14, 14a, 15-20, 21 (pretty stamp), 22, 30a 250 stamps on trimmed Scott pages from 1854-1940 with some 204 FINLAND – Around 500 F-VF stamps on well filled Scott (1988 aps cert), 39-46 and 83-91. An interesting and valuable in mounts. Duplicates are free and not counted. Used highlights: pages from 1860-1959. Earlies are used but tapers to 90% mint by collection. 2020 Scott $2700. NET $695 1940. Semis are all mint. Several nice stamps including mint #55, #3 and 11-13. 2017 Scott $692. NET $140 234 GERMAN STATES: BAVARIA – Over 200 mint and 179 CHINA, REPUBLIC OF – Highly desirable MNH col- 178, C4, used #9, 17-24, 56, etc. 2017 Scott $1845. NET $425 used stamps from 1849-1920 on Minkus pages in usual mixed lection of around 350 stamps on Scott specialty and quadrille 205 FINLAND – About equally divided mint and used F-VF condition. Highlights include used #13, 14, 18, etc. 2020 Scott pages from 1956-67. Lots of highlights, including mint #1143- collection of more than 625 stamps on various Scott pages $768. NET $150 1148, 1196-1199, 1269a, 1296-1301, 1302-1307, 1355-1358, from 1940-1978 with some hard to find used. 2020 Scott $980. 245 GERMANY – Desirable 90% used collection of around 1479-1482, etc. Still one of the most desirable areas of Philately! NET $225 1200 F-VF in a specialty album from 1872 to 1948. Many used 207 FINLAND – Around 700 F-VF on Scott quadrille pages highlights including #14, 24, 65, 65A, 114c signed, 114d signed, 2020 Scott $2,611. NET $1695 from 1866-1972 for postage and 1982 for semis. Appears 99% 183 CONGO – Attractive MNH collection in mounts on 114e signed, B8-B11, B15-18, B23-27, a superb B68, B134Minkus pages highly complete from 1961-1971 with abundance used to 1965 then mint thereafter. Highlights include mint #111- 136, C27-34, C43-45, C61-64 FDC, O3. Also MNH #B102, B103 of complete NH sets including #183-90, 191-207, 208-13, 214- 118, used #10, 23, 25-30, 56, 75, etc. 2019 Scott $2115. NET and B104. Very nice collection. 2020 Scott $10,090. NET $1795 28, 229-36, C45-51, C78-81, C85, C89-95, C107-10, C111-15, $425 246 GERMANY – Collection 1872-1967 of more than 1600 O1-10, etc. 2020 Scott $688. NET $325 209 FRANCE – Collection 1840-1960 with around 1300 stamps and selected S/S in a Scott specialty album. Good range 184 CONGO, PEOPLES REPUBLIC – VF collection stamps in hingeless Lighthouse album. Great range of issues, of issues with regular and semi-postals over 90% complete. 1959-90 with 375 stamps and seven S/S on Minkus pages. approximately 80% mint (some without gum) many long runs. Strength in used. Some used highlights include #7, 10, 12 pen, Range of issues with better coverage for years 1973-78 with Mint highlights include #14 unused, 30, 77, 120, 123, 130, 131, 19, 24, 25 (couple of short parts), 27, 118-32, 364, 401-14, 667several complete mint sets including C89-93, later issues mixed 132, 226b, 296-97, 264-83, 348, 414, B9, B20-23, B64-65, 68, B7, B19-22, B26, B31, B34-37, B41, B106, B119, B314-15, mint or used sets. Good start to a new collecting area. Approxi- B157a, B249-54, B285-90, B294-99, C13, C22, C23-27, C29- B320-23, B327-30, B354-37, C27-34, C36, C46-56, 053-61. mately 70% mint. 2017 Scott $571. NET $170 32; used include #7, 9, 12, 13, 17, 24, 38, 41, 47, 65, 79, B7, Mint highlights include #14, B141-43, B292-93 NH. Early issues 189 CZECHOSLOVAKIA – Mint and used collection of B8. Early issues fine and better, later VF. 2020 Scott $10,763. fine and better, later VF. 2020 Scott $5,521. NET $1250 around 2000 F-VF stamps from 1918-1978 in a Scott specialty NET $1995 247 GERMANY – Mint collection from 1938-1987 in a two album. Highlights include mint #23-40, 719, 1070-1080, B20, 210 FRANCE – Desirable collection of around 1400 gener- volume Borek album set. Approximately 1600 stamps in generB66, B88, B140-B143, etc. 2020 Scott $2165. NET $450 ally F-VF pages from 1849 to 1961. Appears 90% used to 1924 ally F-VF condition. Highlights include mint #634-661 NH, 684, 193 DENMARK – Mint and used collection from 1851-2004 with gradually more mint sets to 90% mint by 1950s. Semis are 685, 702-721, B141-B143, B145 NH, B295 NH, B310-B313, etc. in three Lighthouse albums. Around 1740 stamps in gener- 90% mint. Lots to like including mint #64, B11, B34, B157a, J80- 2017 Scott $3,075. NET $750

248 GERMANY – Around 500 used in a Safe hingeless Mint highlights: #10, 76, 143, 157, 165-66, 181, 213-16, 217c- Offices in Korea #6 mint and used #3, 8, 12. Early issues fine,

album from 1923-1944 in generally F-VF condition. Highlights 24b, 246-52 (NH) 4B5, etc. Many NH stamps. Mostly F-VF or later F-VF. 2021 Scott $4,129. NET $995 293 JAPAN – 99% mint collection in mounts from 1900-1961 include #525, B19-22, B26, B33a, b, c, B41, B91, B92, B106, better. 2017 Scott $2825. NET $550 etc. Also some interesting S.O.N. cancels. 2017 Scott $1975. 271 ICELAND – Around 500 mint and used stamps from 1876- on Vostok album pages in F-VF condition. Highlights include NET $350 1966 on Scott specialty and blank pages in generally F-VF condi- #154, 227-9, 283a NH with folder, 306a with folder, 318a NH, 250 GERMANY & AREAS – Scott specialty album with tion. Highlights include mint #51, 68, 75, 86-91, 124, 195-8, 209- 439-442, 480-497, 504a NH with folder, 564a NH with folder, around 3500 F-VF from 1867-1974. Appears 95% used to 1960; 211, 217-228, 229-231, 274-7, 289-296, 305, C8, C9-11, C27-9 572a NH with folder, etc. 2020 Scott $4,965. NET $1895 all mint thereafter. Includes mint #22, B18, B57, C35-37; used and used #12, 14, 27, 59, 86-91, etc. 2017 Scott $4,998. NET $750 294 JAPAN – MNH Mihon (specimen) overprint VF collec#6, 25, B26, B316-7, etc. 2017 Scott $5,775. NET $850 274 INDONESIA – Mint (95%) and used fine or better col- tion of around 580 stamps in mounts on Scott quad pages from 251 GERMANY: BELGIUM OCCUPATION – Mint and lection of around 670 stamps and souvenir sheets in mounts on 1963-1988 with definitives to 100y, semi-postals, Scott 1105a used (57%) F-VF collection in mounts on Scott specialty pages Minkus pages from 1948-1971 with a good amount of NH. 2020 and more. Many difficult to find items. Fair retail cost if purchased separately is around $3,750. NET $1195 from 1919-1921. Mint highlights: #1N58 and used #1N39-41 and Scott $485. NET $175 1N53-57, #1N16 unused, etc. 2017 Scott $570. NET $225 275 IRAN – Palo hingeless album with around 1100 F-VF 295 JORDAN – Collection 1920-59 with around 240 F-VF 253 GERMANY, BERLIN – Mint (90%) and used collection stamps from 1876 to mid 1960s. Evenly mixed mint and used stamps, approximately 60% used including issues for Palestine from 1948-1990 in mounts in a Leuchtturm album from 1957 throughout. Includes mint #66-72, 169, 363, 760-770, B16, B22- on Minkus album pages. Wide range of issues includes used onwards mostly mint never hinged. Duplicates not counted but B27, C34, C50, C51-C67. Used #14, 53-59, 120-135, 136-151, N16 and others. Good start to a new collecting area. 2017 Scott included as a gift. Approximately 830 stamps in generally F-VF 173-188, C29-C33, etc. Some Scott pages along for the ride not $519. NET $225 condition. Highlights include mint #9N64-9N67, 9N120-9N136, counted included as a gift. 2017 Scott $16,400. NET $1795 297 LEBANON – 1930-1956 mint F-VF selection on sale 9N516-9N532, used #9N17, 9N18, 9N19, 9N20, 9N61, etc. pages consisting of #108-13, 169-72 plus C91-6, 234-42, C175276 IRAN – Strong mint (80%) and used F-VF collection of 2017 Scott $4,310. NET $850 82, C183-92 and C222 souvenir sheet. Clean group. 2017 Scott 1,060 stamps almost all in mounts on Scott pages from 1942$633. NET $160 254 GERMANY: DDR – Desirable MNH collection of around 1978 with a large number of complete sets. Good number of 920 F-VF stamps on Scott specialty pages from 1949-1966. A 298 LEBANON – Around 800 generally F-VF from 1924-2000 duplicates are free and not counted. Mint highlights: #910-14, very nice collection which appears NH throughout except one for postage and to the 1970s for airs on album pages. Airs include 931-32, 933-34, 941-46, 990-92, 1015-19, 1042-46, 1052-53, page of inexpensive CTO officials which we did not count or mint #C285a, used C147B, etc. 2017 Scott $915. NET $225 1058A-68, 1074-76, 1103-04, 1276-81, C82, 058-61, Q43-46, value and include as a gift. Highlights include mint #82-84 MAO 299 LIBYA – Strong mint F-VF collection of more than 230 set NH, 122-136 NH, 144 and 146a. Both perf and imperf NH, Q58-65 and used #902, 904, 908, 064-70, etc. 2017 Scott stamps in mounts on Scott specialty pages from 1912-1941. $4,550. NET $895 187-209 NH, B21 NH, B21a NH, etc. Very nice collection. 2020 Highlights: #1-15, 16, 19, 20-31, 49a-52a, 58a, 62-3, 64, B1-60, 278 ISRAEL – Around 550 souvenir leafs that include lots of C1-50, CE1-2, E1-10, J1-10 and J12-24, etc. 2020 Scott $5,725. Scott $2,669. NET $1095 255 GERMANY: FEDERAL REPUBLIC – Complete specimens as well as used leafs from 1988-2010 housed in sev- NET $2295 mint over 95% NH collection in a safe hingeless album in gener- en binder assembles by an Israel specialist. Massive retail value 302 LIECHTENSTEIN – Mint and used F-VF collection of ally VF condition. Highlights include #670-685 NH, 702-721 NH, that should make our price very attractive at only: NET $3500 480 stamps on Scott specialty page from 1912-1971 with some B310-313 NH, B314-5 NH, B316-7 NH, B320-3 NH, etc. Also 285 ITALY – Collection 1862-1968 with many better singles in mounts. Mint highlights: #54-9, 102, 106, 116-29, 238, B11includes some uncounted used duplications as a gift. 2021 Scott and sets in a Scott specialty album. Highlights: regular issues 13, C1-6, O17-7, O9, used #2-3, 62-7, 164 and 266-69. 2017 $3,296. NET $1095 approximately 95% complete mixed mint and used, good mint Scott $2525. NET $550 256 GERMANY: FRENCH & SOVIET ZONES – semis, airs and mixed B.O.B. Mint includes: #49, 51, 78, 125, 303 LIECHTENSTEIN – 99% mint F-VF collection of around Mostly F-VF mint (75%) and used collection of 390 stamps 140-42, 159-64, 201-10, 248-56, 268-79, 324-28, 345-48 NH, 650 stamps on Edifil hingeless pages from 1917-83. Includes a on Minkus specialty pages from 1945-1951. Mint highlights: 353 NH, 359-66, 510-13 NH, B1-4, B17-19, B33, B39-42 NH, used #69, 261-263 NH, etc. 2017 Scott $1095. NET $225 #5NB4a, 5NB8a & b, 6NB6a, 8NB1-4 & 4a, DDR B21a NH. In- C22-26, C52-55, C79-83 NH, E9, J12, 07, Q37-48; used include 305 LUXEMBOURG – Collection 1852-2009 (pages to cludes some early DDR. Duplicates are free and not in stamp #19, 57, 58-63, 64-66, 72, 121, 569, 573, 580, 673A, C127-28, 2013) with mint in mounts in a Scott specialty album. Approxicount, nor catalog value. 2017 Scott $1250. NET $375 J2, J18, J19, J21-24, J25-27, 06, Q6. Also deep B.O.B. includ- mately 90% complete with around 1800 stamps and S/S, plus 257 GERMANY: GDR – Mint and used collection from ing 1LN03 used; Rhodes, J1-9 used; more. Early issues fine, uncounted duplicates included as gift, early issues and B.O.B. 1949-1990 on mixed pages in a binder. Duplicates not counted later F-VF. Total of around 1400 stamps. 2020 Scott $10,230. mixed mint and used, regular and semis mostly mint with many but included as a gift. Approximately 3,010 stamps in gener- NET $2395 NH. Some highlights include mint #6 unused, 10 unused, 13 ally F-VF condition. Highlights include mint #58-67, 144a, 146a, 286 ITALY – Mint and used (80%) mostly fine or better collec- unused (signed), 55, 86, 272-77, 318-20, 329-31 NH, B50-54 266a, 264a, 034, used #83, 129, 136, 272-277, B17-B20, etc. tion of around 550 stamps on Scott specialty pages from 1863- NH, B65A-65Q, B86-91 NH, O13, O14, O41, O50, O51, O802017 Scott $3,335. NET $675 1950s with some in mounts (including NH) and a couple of early 98; used #1-3, 4, 11, 15, 23, 25, 27, 37, 42 (signed), 44, 59, 259 GREECE – Mint (80%) and used generally fine or better Sardinia. Duplicates are free and not counted. Mint highlights: 69, O6, O8, O15, O23a, O47, O48, O73. Much more. Powerful collection of more than 1,075 stamps on Scott specialty pages #141 (NH), 324-28, 535-36 NH, 544-46 NH, 572-73 NH, B30-33, collection. Early issues generally fine and better, later VF. 2017 from 1861-1970 that includes a small amount of Crete, Epirus C62-65, C99 and J1a. Used highlights: #24-33, 39-44, 52-6, 65- Scott $8,904. NET $1995 and Thrace. Mint highlights: #16, 69, 89, 100, 110, 111, 113, 6, 72, 122, 124-25, 161-64, 165, 180-83, 201a, 264, 539, B1-3, 306 LUXEMBOURG – 70% mint collection 1855-1972 of 632-38, N1, N184-85 and used #12 (signed). 2020 Scott $2,400. B20-25, B26-28, B35-37, C105, C127-28, J2, J13-20, J21-24, around 950 stamps, plus uncounted duplicates included as gift NET $550 J25-27, O6-8 and Q2-6. 2021 Scott $6,275. NET $1395 on Schaubek and Minkus album pages. Good range of issues 260 GREENLAND – Mint and used (95%) collection from 287 ITALY – Mint and used collection 1891-1951 of around with mostly used earlies, complete runs #70-518 (no #151), 1938-2007 on mixed pages in a binder. Approximately 425 550 stamps (about 80% mint) on oversize quadrille pages. Great B1-65, B66-227, B234-291, plus airs and good B.O.B. Some stamps in generally F-VF condition. Duplicates not counted but range of issues with many complete sets. Some highlights in- highlights include mint #4 unused, 59, 217 NH, 272-77, 318included as a gift. Highlights include used #136-141, 177-188, clude mint #119-22, 125, 140-42, 171-74 unused, 248-56 un- 20, 314-41, B40-44 NH, B55-59 NH, B60-65, B67-72, B151 NH, 242-249, etc. 2020 Scott $1185. NET $375 used, 265-67, 280-89, 290-305 unused, 324-28, 349-54, 539, B156-61, O44-51 signed; used #3, O63. Early issues generally 261 GUAM – Mostly fine or better collection of 12 stamps from 549-67, B3, B17-19; used #106, 110, 196, 230, 231, 506, 518, fine and better, later VF. 2017 Scott $3,446. NET $795 1899 on a Palo page consisting of mint #1-8, 10, 11, 12 avg. 307 LUXEMBOURG – Mint and used collection from 1876B26-29, etc. 2017 Scott $4,749. NET $1150 centering and E1 avg. centering. 2020 Scott $1630. NET $595 289 IVORY COAST – Mint (95%) and used mostly F-VF 1993 in a Scott specialty album. Approximately 655 stamps 262 GUINEA – Scott specialty pages with around 300 MNH collection of more than 210 stamps on Minkus specialty pages in generally F-VF condition. About 85% mint. Duplicates not VF stamps from 1959-67. Includes mint C24-C26, etc. 2020 from 1892-1964. Value in modern issues with some NH. 2020 counted but included as a gift. Highlights include mint #32, 280 Scott $1560. NET $295 NH-285 NH, B55-B59, B60-B65, O114-O135, etc. 2020 Scott Scott $350. NET $130 266 HUNGARY – Scott specialty well filled album with $1090. NET $250 around 1800 F-VF stamps from 1871 to 1972. Earlies are 80% 290 JAPAN – A collection of many hundreds of mint and Continued on next page used with after 1919 90% mint. More modern is back to mint used generally F-VF stamps from 1899-1970 neatly arranged Dr. Robert Friedman & Sons and used with a few NH sets. Highlights including mint #34, 996, on Vario stock pages. Loads of better stamps up to about $100 (800) 588-8100 1182, used #4, 6, 82a. Lots of uncounted mint/used duplication catalog value. Much uncounted duplication of considerable value which is included as a gift. 2017 Scott $2150. NET $495 email: stampcollections@drbobstamps.com included as a gift. 2020 Scott $2415. NET $550 268 HUNGARY #C81 PERF & IMPERF SOUVENIR 291 JAPAN – Mint (40%) and used collection from 1871www.drbobfriedmanstamps.com SHEETS – Gorgeous MNH VF souvenir sheets! 2020 Scott 1995 on album pages in a binder. Around 1300 stamps in Please call to reserve lots or for additional description. We are mainly F-VF condition. Highlights include mint #151, 169, 192, open for your calls seven days a week. FOR COLLECTORS $1125. NET $595 269 ICELAND – Collection 1896-1972 with around 260 F-VF 371, 407, 517, used #1, 2, 3, 15, 16, 18, 46, 47, 50, C19, etc. WHO ARE KNOWN TO US, PAYMENTS MAY BE SPREAD OVER A THREE MONTH PERIOD. INTEREST FREE. stamps approximately 70% mint with some NH, plus duplicates 2017 Scott $5,725. NET $995 included as gift on Minkus album pages. Highlights include mint 292 JAPAN – Collection 1871-1968 with around 775 SHIPPING – UPS or mail within 3 days of receiving #96, 97, 98, 140-43, 149, 246-52 NH, 257-68 NH, 289-96, C12- stamps including selected S/S on Scott album. Good range of payment. We pay shipping expenses. 14 all signed, O2, O49; used #213-16, O59, O61, O62. 2020 issues, approximately 80% used with selected NH in mounts. PAYMENT TERMS — Personal check, Money Order, Scott $5,853. NET $1295 Mint highlights include #367a, 397-400, 408, 415, 423, 437, MasterCard, Visa, Discover or American Express. 270 ICELAND – Mint (92%) and used collection of 480 526, 561-64 NH, B11; used include #2, 6, 15, 49, 54A, 66, RETURN POLICY – Lots may be returned for stamps in mounts on preprinted album pages from 1876-1986. 115-25, 479, 480-97, 517, C1. Also offices in China #20 used; any reason within 5 days of receipt.

308 MADAGASCAR/MALAGASY REPUBLIC – Col- glassines between pages. Nice collection with many complete include Russia with good range of issues, majority used, 99% complete for years 1954-67. Includes mint #64, 65, 67, 71, 340, lection 1891-1960 of around 400 generally F-VF stamps plus sets. Generally F-VF. 2017 Scott $6,431. NET $1395 duplicates (not counted included as gift) on Scott specialty 330 NETHERLANDS INDIES – Wide ranging collection 594, 909-10, B32, C10-11 Turkish Offices 237A; used #464, 532, pages. Nice selection of mint and used issues. Some highlights of around 420 generally F-VF stamps on Scott quadrille pages 550, 847, 1230-33, 1261-64, 1403, 1597, C40-44, C53-57, C58include mint #11, 132, C54; used #8, 18, 21, etc. 2017 Scott from 1870 to 1949. Collection appears 90% used with exception 67. Also Tannu Tuva #15-28 mixed, mint 45-70, C1-9; Armenia of WWII occupation which are mint. Includes used #30, etc. 2019 mint 310, 318; Batum 1-6 mint; Far Eastern rep. #13 mint; others. $765. NET $225 Total of several thousand stamps. Overall F-VF. Total 2020 Scott 312 MARSHALL ISLANDS – MNH collection from 1984- Scott $752. NET $180 2000 in mounts on Harris pages. Approximately 250 stamps in 334 NORWAY – Substantial mint (85%) and used mostly $6,630. NET $1495 F-VF collection of around 1500 stamps, souvenir sheets and a 352 RUSSIA – Mint collection from 1863-1969 in mounts in VF condition. 2020 Scott $500. NET $195 few booklets in a Scott specialty album to 1974 many in mounts 313 MAURITANIA – Mint F-VF collection in mounts on Scott and 1975-2005 in a G & K red stock book. Much NH in the mod- a Minkus album. Approximately 2,265 stamps in generally F-VF pages from 1960-1979; used duplicates are uncounted and are ern. Duplicates and a modern Christmas seal collection are condition. Highlights include mint #659-665, 678-686, 693-697, 698-705, 867-872, 1230-1233, 1280-1283, B1-B4, B49, B54yours as a gift. Highlights include 383-8 NH, J27a-41a NH, O1- free and not counted. Mint highlights: #47-58, 57a (scare mint), B57, C12, C13, etc. 2017 Scott $5,890. NET $1295 18, etc. 2020 Scott $311. NET $100 74-95, 104-110, 115-28, 207-19, 275-78, 310-17, 370-74, B1-3, 317 MEXICO – Collection 1856-1940 with around 750 stamps J7-12, O7-21 and O65-82. Used highlights #1 (tight margins), 353 RUSSIA – Collection 1941-72 with more than 2000 stamps and S/S plus plenty of uncounted duplicates included as plus uncounted duplicates included as gift. Many in mounts in a 2-5, 6-10, 11-15, 17b, 18-21, 22-34, 24a, 35-45, 59-61, 64-6 and gift, many in mounts in a Scott album. Well filled with mint and 237-38. 2020 Scott $7,900. NET $1795 Palo album. Approximately 60% used with good range of issues. used singles and sets. Some mint highlights include #858, 859, Some highlights include mint #84c, 172, 640, 684-87 NH, B1-2 335 NORWAY – Used collection 1856-1930 with 138 stamps 860-66, 867-72, 970, S/S 1080a-82a, 1230-33, 1310-17, 1364NH, C13, C46, C48, C51-53 NH, C85-90 NH, O55 unused, O83, (4 mint) on quadrille pages. Approximately 80% complete for 65, 1468, 1481-87, 1559-62, 1631, 1747a & b, 1757a, noted O84, O196-97; used #1, 10, 20, 45, 182, 190, 195, 207, 210, regular issues. Used highlights include #2, 4, 9, 10, 11-15, 16green S/S 2926, much more. Also used #857, 909-10, 1624-27. 21, 22-34, 61. Also mint #6, 7 unused, 69. Plus 25 locals includ255, 262, 265, 277, 278, 284, 289, 676, 734, 740-45, C1, C44, Many pages loose. Overall VF. 2017 Scott $5,387. NET $1095 ed as gift. Nice collection F-VF. 2017 Scott $3,856. NET $895 O5 and Yucatan #5. 2017 Scott $5,909. NET $1195 355 RUSSIA – Mint never hinged collection in mounts from 337 NORWAY – Desirable F-VF collection of around 500 318 MONACO – Mint (80%) and used collection from 18851967-1991 in a two volume Mystic album set. Approximately stamps from 1855 to 1960 on well filled Scott pages. Earlies 1981 on Schaubek pages in a Scott binder. Around 1340 stamps 2,565 stamps in generally F-VF condition. Highlights include in generally F-VF condition. Duplicates not included in value. are sound and 90% used to 1914, then tapers to 90% mint mint #B127-B136, etc. 2017 Scott $1740. NET $595 Highlights include mint #2, 8, 129, 262-73, 333, B99a, C27-29, thereafter. Lots to like including mint #40, 61, 65, 115-128, 246, 356 RYUKYU ISLANDS IMPRINT BLOCKS – A first 370-374, B1-B3, J11, O9-O21, used #1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 13, 28, 66, C44, used #6, B17, B18, J4, etc. 2017 Scott $4,735. NET $995 etc. Lots of uncounted duplication included as a gift. 2017 Scott time ever offering as we have never seen imprint blocks of these. 319 MONACO – Attractive collection on Scott quadrille $5,050. NET $995 Consists of MNH imprint blocks of #8-13, 19-26, 27, 29, 30, 34, pages from 1885-1973. Includes around 900 stamps. Earlies are 338 PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA – Around 200 C4-8 (8 characters), and C9-13. Condition is F-VF and post of30% used to 1937 then mint thereafter. Lots of highlights includmint stamps and perhaps over 200 uncounted used stamps fice fresh! Extremely hard to find! 2018 Scott $2,539. NET $995 ing mint #3, 4, 7, 8, 47, 60-92, B2, B12, B26-B35, B94, used from 1954-1975 on Scott specialty pages in F-VF condition. 358 SAAR – Mint and used collection from 1920-1959 in 6, 20, 27, 30-32, etc. Loads of beautiful mid-century engraved Highlights include #245a-48a, 290-4, 531-5, 684-695, 768-710, mounts on Lighthouse pages in a binder. Approximately 250 multi-color commems. Nice collection. Scott $3,882. NET $995 804-5, 810-817, 1104-7 NH, 1228-31 NH, etc. 2020 Scott $2292. stamps in generally F-VF condition. Duplicates not counted but 320 MONACO – Collection 1885-1987 with around 840 NET $895 included as a gift. Highlights include mint #204-220, 226, 232stamps in mounts on album pages in binder. Regular issues over 339 PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA, NORTH- 245, 289-308, used #O13, etc. 2017 Scott $545. NET $165 95% mint and approximately 70% complete thru 1987. High- EAST CHINA – Highly desirable mint collection from 1946- 363 SCANDINAVIA – Collection 1850s-1967 of around lights include mint #122, 123, 127, 130, 131-44, 328-32, B51- 1950 of over 100 stamps in mounts on Scott specialty pages 2200 stamps approximately 80% used for six different countries 60, B94, J39-66; used #4, 6, 159. 2017 Scott $1999. NET $650 in F-VF condition. Highlights include #IL30-6, IL37-40, IL41-4, in a Scott album. Some highlights include Denmark used #24, 322 NETHERLANDS – Fresh mint F-VF collection of more IL45-8, IL49-50, IL51-54, IL73-5, IL76-7, IL81-3, IL98-100, 41-52, 110, 164-75, 02, 09, 09A-10, P7; Iceland mint #2 unused, than 915 stamps, 24 official stamps used as usual, on Scott spe- IL121-4, IL126-132, IL140-9, IL164-175, etc. 2020 Scott $1503. 9 unused, 14, 142 unused, 162, 274-77 and used #17, 86-91, cialty pages from 1876-1973 with listed varieties. Mint highlights: NET $995 96, 97, 069-71; Norway mint 104-10, used #2, 5, 28, B25, B54#29, 55-75, 80-2, 84, 90-9, 102-03, 104-07, 124-34, 135-36, 346 ROMANIA – Attractive collection 1865-1957 of over 56; Sweden mint 260, 261, used #26, 44, 02, 012-25. Also Fin137-39, 142-60, 161-62, 164-93, 201, 237-43, 278-81 NH, 286- 1400 mint and used stamps plus souvenir sheets and miniature land, some Greenland and Karelia. Early issues fine, later F-VF. 300, 306-18, 326-27, 336-39, B25-32, B54-57, B62-65, B144a- sheets on album pages. Nearly complete for regular and semi- Scott $9,854. NET $1995 45a, C13-14, J1, J25-26, J41, O1-7, O8 and O16-19. 2020 Scott postal sets and souvenir sheets. Some duplication not counted 364 SENEGAL – Around 140 MNH VF stamps in mounts on included as a gift. Some highlights include mint #23, 24, 30, 77, $6,425. NET $1495 196-206, 230-39, 417-19, B1-12, S/S B148, B292-303, B314-17; Scott specialty pages from 1960-1967. 2020 Scott $240. NET $130 323 NETHERLANDS – Collection 1852-2004 of around used #22, 33-36, 42, 51, 52, 53-59, 60-65, 66-72. Early issues 370 SPAIN – Mint and used collection of 800 stamps on black 1450 stamps and 18 miniature sheets in mounts on album generally fine and better, later material VF. 2017 Scott $5,226. two-sided stockpages from 1909-1963. Mint highlights: #357, pages in a binder. About 70% mint with several NH sets and NET $795 418-32, B22, used #688-89, C123-24, C144-45. Some mixed strong semi-postals for years 1936-75. Mint highlights include: 347 ROMANIA – Strong mint and used collection of around condition. Duplicates and unlisted for free and not in catalog #8 unused, 136, 315, 336-39, 369 NH, B25-32, B50-53, B54-57, 3200 stamps plus many uncounted duplicates included as a gift value. Many fine or better stamps. 2018 Scott $1300. NET $295 B77-80 NH, B214-18, B291-95NH; used #29, 50. Early issues in three Scott specialty albums in F-VF condition. Highlights in- 373 SWEDEN – Mint and used collection of over 1300 mainly fine and better, later VF. 2017 Scott $3,095. NET $650 clude mint #16, 196-206, 230-9, 389-95, B9-12, B44-9, B148, stamps in mounts on preprinted album pages from 1855-1980. 325 NETHERLANDS – Mint and used collection from C51a-C52a, C57 NH, CB1-21 and used #6, 18, 21, 22a, 26, Mint highlights include #210-211, B11, J4, J6, J8 and used #2, 1872-1985 in a Minkus album. Approximately 1065 stamps in 42, 45, 58-9, 60-5, 66-72, 166-172, etc. 2020 Scott $8,320. NET 3, 4, 6-12, 14, 18, 44, B1-10, J19, etc. Used dominates to 1955 generally F-VF condition. Duplicates not counted but included $1795 and mint dominates thereafter. Valuable and fine or better condias a gift. Highlights include used #55-82, B1-B3, etc. 2020 Scott 348 ROMANIA – Mint & used collection from 1858-1991 in tion. 2018 Scott $9,050. NET $850 $1130. NET $250 mounts in a Minkus album. Around 2600 stamps in generally 374 SWEDEN – Lighthouse album with 93 full booklets from 326 NETHERLANDS ANTILLES – Fresh mint F-VF F-VF condition. Highlights include mint #11a, 12, 36, 59, 87, B1- 1985-95. Includes 1748a, 1878a, and 2016a. 2017 Scott $1848. collection of more than 655 stamps on Scott specialty pages 4, used #6, 31a, 31b, 64, 171, etc. 2017 Scott $5,470. NET $850 NET $395 from 1873-1977 with pre-1915 issues without gum as usual. 349 RUSSIA – Mint F-VF collection of more than 435 stamps, 375 SWEDEN – Mint never hinged collection from 1969-1994 Highlights: #7, 8-11, 19-23, 27-9, 35-6, 41, 45-59, 69-72, 75- mostly in complete sets in small retail sales cards by Scott on Lighthouse hingeless pages in a three-ring binder. Duplicates 81, 95-105, 110-26, 127-43, 152-63, 188-98, 208-29, B10-14, number from 1913-1950s, mostly consisting of better stamps. and used not counted but included as a gift. Approximately 1,000 B15-19, C1-3, C18-32, B1-8, J18-20 and J31-40, etc. 2020 Scott Highlights: #101-04, 349-58, 382-400, 467, 470a, 478, 480-82, stamps in VF condition. 2017 Scott $1452. NET $450 485-86, 512-23, 524-28, 529-30, 540-48, 559-68, 592-95, 597$3,675. NET $1095 376 SWEDEN – Album pages with around 110 F-VF stamps, 604, 629-35, 643-46, 659-65, 678-86, 694-97, 706-12, 724-33, 327 NETHERLANDS: ANTILLES – Around 600 F-VF 1104-20, 1284-88, 1302-03, 1411-14, 1445-46, 1586-89, 1596- booklets and souvenir sheets from 1858 to 1985. Appears 98% on specialty pages from 1873 to 1980. Overall 90% mint with the 97, 1599-1602, C12-13, C15-19, C34-35, C37-39, C45-49, C50- used to 1953, then all mint thereafter. Includes used #40-49, used populating 1873 to 1929. Collection well filled mint there- 51, C65 and C83-90. Mint Russia in this time period is difficult to plus loads topical items. Slania engraved stamps and booklets, after. Includes mint #208-229, etc. 2020 Scott $1280. NET $325 obtain. 2020 Scott $8,100. NET $2995 etc. 2020 Scott $1504. NET $325 328 NETHERLANDS AND COLONIES – Collection 350 RUSSIA – Two Lighthouse stockbooks full of postage 377 SWEDEN – Mint and 98% used fine or better collection 1852-1975 of more than 2000 stamps in a Scott album. Good from 1858-1978. Generally, F-VF through 1957, then VF and of more than 250 stamps on Scott specialty pages from 1855mix of early used issues and later mint plus large amount of MNH thereafter. The early half of this 4300 stamp collection is 1944. Used highlights #2, 6-12, 10a, 14, 24-7, 28, 36, 34a, 212 uncounted mint and used duplicates included as gift. Highlights: 80% used with pockets of mint. Loads of better sets throughout and 222, etc. 2017 Scott $1885. NET $425 Netherlands approximately 80% complete includes mint #137, including mint #71, 114-116 NH, 211a, 212a, 519-23, 597-604, 378 SWEDEN – Classic collection 1855-59 with 74 stamps 139, 336-39, 369, B25-32, B50-53, B144a-45a, B291-95 and 859, 1261-4, 1526, 1605-9, 1624-7, etc. Great collection in great (four mint/unused) on quadrille pages. Period well represented used #1, 3, 23-33, 50, 53, 54, 99, 100, 134, 278-81, C13-14. condition. 2017 Scott $8,415. NET $1595 with regular and B.O.B. issues. Used highlights include #4, 7, Also, Antilles #2 unused, B15-19 mint, 8 used; Indies mint 012a, 351 RUSSIA – Collection 1865-1967 plus selections for over 10a, 11a, 12, 14, 17-27, O3, O4, O10, O11, O16, LX1, etc. used 21, 30: Surinam used 9, 12, 15. Many stamps loose or in a dozen Soviet republics in a Scott specialty album. Highlights F-VF2017 Scott $2689. NET $595

379 SWITZERLAND – Highest quality mint collection from 1862-2016 on mounts in two Scott specialty albums. Great range of issues with over 2500 stamps and S/S, NH beginning around 1949. Includes #59, 60-68, 69-76, 96, 97, 98-100, 109, 113-18, 141, 145, complete #186-1597 with Nh 226, 352a; complete semi-postals B1-B779 with NH B131, B132; airmails complete C2-46 with mint C14a, C15, C45 NH. Also, good B.O.B. including mint J33-59, O19-36, O37-47 and good selection 7O21-12O5. Clean attractive and mainly VF. 2017 Scott $9,714. NET $2695 381 SWITZERLAND – Mint and used collection from 1862-1989 in a Minkus album. Approximately 1400 stamps in generally F-VF condition. Duplicates not counted but included as a gift. Highlights include mint #166, 242, 4O19 NH-4O21 NH, 4O29 NH-4O39 NH, B2a, B7-B9, B80, C1, used #59, 77, 96, 122, 125, 181-185, B4-B6, B12-B14, B18-B20, C15, etc. 2020 Scott $4,985. NET $1150 382 SWITZERLAND – Good mint and used (70%) collection of 340 stamps on Vintage reproduction Scott specialty pages from 1881-1939. Highlights: C13-14 mint and used #105-11, 113-18, 119-25, 181-85, 243-46, B18-20, B369-84, J4-9 & 2O15-2O26. Quality collection mostly F-VF. 2017 Scott $2000. NET $450 383 SWITZERLAND – All mint collection of around 490 stamps from 1980-1999 in VF condition. 2017 Scott $910. NET $250 384 SWITZERLAND – Attractive 85% used collection of around 900 F-VF stamps on Scott quadrille pages from 18621970. Lots to like including mint #B3, B4, B6, B144, C13-C15, used 8, 47, 59, 98-100, 101-103, C3-C12, J1-J9, J21-J28, etc. 2019 Scott $3,864. NET $750 385 SWITZERLAND – 1946-1948, mint NH F-VF selection of full sheets and multiples consisting of #312-15, B162-65, B174-77 and C41 all in sheets of 25 plus B162-5 blocks of 10, B166-69 blocks of 25 and C41 (x35) in various multiples. 2017 Scott $1837. NET $250 386 SWITZERLAND B.O.B. – Used semi-postal, airmail and B.O.B. collection 1878-2010 with more than 1000 stamps and souvenir sheets in a Scott specialty album. Highlights include nearly complete B1-B549 (missing only ten items) with s/s B80, B131, B132, B178, B206; airmails complete C3-C46; better B.O.B. including J28 and officials #O101, O103, O108, and more. Overall VF. 2017 Scott $5,985. NET $1495 388 THAILAND – Nearly all used collection of 68 stamps from 1883-1928 in a tiny notebook in F-VF condition. Highlights include used #123, 155, 172, 173, etc. 2020 Scott $1145. NET $395 389 THAILAND – Mint and used (80%) mostly F-VF collection of more than 100 stamps on Old European album pages from 1883-1932. Mint highlights: #171. 2020 Scott $575. NET $225 391 TRIESTE – Mint and used collection from 1947-1954 on Minkus pages. Approximately 120 stamps in generally F-VF condition. Highlights include mint #14, C1-C6, C7-C12, C26, used #C14, etc. 2017 Scott $850. NET $275 392 TRIESTE ZONE A – Nice mint collection of the Italian Zone A includes about 260 F-VF stamps on Scott quadrille pages from 1947-1954. Many highlights including mint #17, 41, 58-69, 109-110, C1-C6, C20-C26, EY3, Q25, etc. 2019 Scott $2482. NET $895 393 TURKEY – Mint and used (65%) mostly fine or better collection of more than 650 stamps on European album on quadrille pages from 1863-1960s with Turkey in Asia. Duplicates and unlisted are free and not counted. Mint highlights: #400, 963-77, 1028-31, used #396, J3, P12a and P25, etc. 2020 Scott $2300. NET $450 394 TURKEY – Collection 1874-1953 with around 525 stamps, approximately 65% used, plus uncounted duplicates included as gift, on Minkus album pages. Mint highlights include S/S 841, 1090-1101 NH, M1-5. Good start to a new collecting area. 2017 Scott $692. NET $160 395 TURKEY – Collection 1863-1994 (pages to 2005) of more than 200 mainly F-VF stamps and S/S plus uncounted duplicates included as a gift, many in mounts in a Scott specialty album. Mostly mint after 1930 with NH beginning around 1968. Some highlights include mint #13, 26, 66, 77, 141, 156, 164, 170, 246, 697, 705-26, 896-915 NH, 915a NH, 1054a NH, 1101a NH, 2246-47 NH, 2313-14 NH, 2440-41 NH, B66, J10, J22, J68, P34, P48, P54, P58, P59, P63, RA49-53, RA81-84A, RA101-08; used #27, 58, 73, 315A, 405, 500, J1, P142. Also mint Turkey in Asia #87-89 and Hatay #1-24. 2017 Scott $9,595. NET $2495

396 TURKEY – Almost 50/50 mint and used generally fine 2018 Scott classic catalog. Vatican City from June 1939 on

collection of more than 545 stamps on mostly British quad pages in spring back binder from 1863-1952. Some early mint are unused. Duplicates, unlisted material and others are free and not counted. Mint highlights: #276, 637-41, 648-58, 669-71, 676-81, 682-98, J87, P53 and used #J32-35, P13. 2020 Scott $2950. NET $650 398 UNITED STATES – Mint 1851-1930 F-VF collection with a catalog value over $60,000. A very nice mint collection on dealer stockcards with no duplication. All stamps are sound. The majority of the value will be in stamps that catalog from $75 to many thousands. Enjoy one of the best bargains in philately for only NET $9995 399 UNITED STATES – Mint 1851-1930 collection with a catalog value over $14,000. A very nice F-VF mint collection on dealer stockcards without duplication. Stamp are all sound and will catalog from $15 to many hundreds. Sold at a wholesale price of 18% of catalog makes this a great way to build your classical U.S. collection. NET $2495 400 UNITED STATES – Used collection from 1851-1925 with a catalog value over $12,000. A very nice F-VF sound collection on dealer stockcards cataloging from $10 to many hundreds. You may own these for only NET $1995 401 UNITED STATES – #467 MNH block of 25 including two 467 error stamps in F-VF condition. 2020 Scott $2900. NET $1695 402 UNITED STATES – Mint mostly fine or better plate strip of three collection of the two and First Bureau design of 18951899. Collected by plate number and position with more than 130 plate strips, 30% being NH. Scott #279B dominates and strips that are with substantial separation or faults are figured as single stamps (faulty not counted). Majority are intact. One of the largest collections of these plate strips that we have seen in recent memory. 2017 Scott specialized $6,300. NET $1395 406 VATICAN CITY – Over whelming mint collection of Vatican sets (1929-2001, F-VF or better) and Roman states (1852-1868, mint and used, fine or better) consisting of around 1375 stamps and souvenir sheets with less than 16 used, all house in two Lighthouse hingeless albums (no added binders). Unused stamps in the Roman states are valued as such from

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is predominately NH. NH highlights are noted. Roman states highlight: #12-14, 16-18, 20, 25 (signed) are all mint unused and used #1, 5, 7, and 24a. Vatican mint highlights: #1-13, E1-2, 19-34, E3-4 (all NH), 35-40 (each pencil signed), 41-6, 47-54, 55-60 NH, 61-7 NH, 122-31, E11-12, 147-55, 155 NH, B1-4, C9-15, C16-17, C18-19, C20 (hinged, catalog value at 60% NH price), C22-23 NH and J1-5, an excellent collection. 2020 Scott $7,125. NET $2195 407 VATICAN CITY – Collection 1929-1967 with 532 VF stamps approximately 75% mint in a Scott specialty album. Over 90% complete with many complete sets. Mint highlights include #1-13, 43, 49-51, 55-60, 129, 149-53, B1-4, C9-15, Q815; used include #30, 145-48, E1-2, E11-12. 2017 Scott $985. NET $325 410 UPPER VOLTA – Almost all mint F-VF collection of more than 370 stamps (only seven used) and souvenir sheets on Scott specialty pages from 1960-1970s with some in mounts. Duplicates, couple of die proof, others are all free and not counted. 2020 Scott $645. NET $225 411 WALLIS & FUTUNA ISLANDS – Mint F-VF collection of 180 stamps on Scott specialty pages from 1920-1966. Highlights: #52-84, 125 and B1-5. 2020 Scott $685. NET $295

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When the time came for me to consider selling the large (10,000+ items) collection of United States and foreign stamps and covers I had inherited many years ago I had a number of concerns. As a practicing physician I did not possess the expertise to properly evaluate the collection nor did I have an unlimited amount of free time to devote to the task. After researching the market intensively one name kept coming up as the preeminent professional philatelist in the country. Now, I have to say that since we share the same last name but are related in no way I found this coincidence curious. I’m certainly glad that I didn’t let that stop me from calling you! From our first conversation you listened carefully and when you spent an entire day at my home in Pittsburgh your professionalism and expertise were greatly appreciated. Your offer for purchase exceeded my expectations and the transaction was carried out quickly and without any drama whatsoever. I could not be more pleased with my interaction with you and your company and would be happy to serve as a reference should you so desire. Sincerely, Laurence E. Friedman, M.D., FACP Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

I would like to personally thank you for the purchase of my lifelong stamp collection put together since 1950. Due to my profession, my collection had seen many homes (44 in the U.S. and foreign countries) over the years since I was married. Selling my collection to you has been an absolute pleasure and extremely convenient and easily done. You flew to my home in Colorado within days of my contacting you and your thorough inspection of my collection was impressive. The price you paid was very reasonable and the entire evaluation was completed in less than 24 hours. Considering that my collection was in 60 albums — all pre-1940 material with Dr. Robert Friedman & Sons specialization — your thoroughness and (800) 588-8100 comprehensive evaluation was greatly apemail: stampcollections@drbobstamps.com preciated. www.drbobfriedmanstamps.com I always knew I would contact you when Please call to reserve lots or for additional description. We are it was time to sell and I must say how very open for your calls seven days a week. FOR COLLECTORS glad that I chose you to work with. I suggest WHO ARE KNOWN TO US, PAYMENTS MAY BE SPREAD OVER A that stamp collectors go to you when they THREE MONTH PERIOD. INTEREST FREE. sell their valuable collection. When they SHIPPING – UPS or mail within 3 days of receiving payment. We pay shipping expenses. contact you, they will be treated properly. PAYMENT TERMS — Personal check, Money Order, Dick Richardson, MasterCard, Visa, Discover or American Express. Colorado Springs, Colorado RETURN POLICY – Lots may be returned for Retired Rear Admiral, U.S.Navy any reason within 5 days of receipt.

APRL Notes BY Scott Tiffney Librarian & Director of Information Services stiffney@stamps.org

Support the Future of Philatelic Research “After all, the ultimate goal of all research is not objectivity, but truth.” - Helene Deutsch

The Home of Philatelic Research - APRL It goes without saying that libraries play an important role in the creation and furtherance of research. In the same vein, the mission of the American Philatelic Research Library (APRL) is to support and assist the research needs of our members, our patrons and the philatelic community. With its worldwide collection of over 90,000 items, including books, monographs, journals, auction catalogs, stamp catalogs, government documents, exhibits, show programs, photographs, videos, research papers, and archival materials the APRL is the true home for worldwide philatelic research. For many APS and APRL members as well as Philatelic Literature Review (PLR) subscribers, access to the resources of the APRL is the greatest benefit they derive from their membership or subscription. Members and subscribers enjoy the unique benefit of being able to borrow material

The Bookseller of Louisville:

An Interview with Leonard H. Hartmann, Philatelic Bibliopole

A New Alaska Catalog and an Annotated Bibliography of Alaska’s Postal History Resources

By Abhishek Bhuwalka

eonard H. Hartmann needs little introduction as he is a most notable figure in philately, especially that of the United States (Figure 1). His achievements are many and one can only highlight some of them. Foremost, Hartmann has been dealing in literature since 1965! Over the last 55 years, he has been not only a dealer but also a big promoter of books through his newsletters and advertisements, as seen often in the pages of this journal and many others. Further, Leonard has published many quality philatelic books over the past four decades. In addition,

he is a collector and expert in the stamps of the Confederate States of America and is also keen on forgeries and some other U.S. subjects; he has exhibited selectively at important shows. In recognition of his contribution to U.S. philately, Hartmann received the U.S. Philatelic Classics Society’s Distinguished Philatelist Award in 2007. Finally, he is a prolific philatelic writer and in 2018 was inducted into the APS Writers’ Unit #30 Hall of Fame. Hartmann has already been interviewed in the Philatelic Literature Review [1] but in the decades following

By Peter Martin

laska, the nation’s largest state, has a wide variety of small towns and villages dotted across its 663,268 square miles. With a population today of nearly 735,000, the state ranks first in size, third from last in population, and last in population density. Alaska was acquired from Russia in 1867 for $7.2 million. It was known as “Seward’s Folly” but history has proven the value of that purchase with its wealth of gold, oil and minerals, national parks and scenic beauty, as well as its strategic location. After Alaska’s purchase, it was loosely governed by the military and administered as a district starting in 1884. It finally became a territory in 1912.

Figure 1: Leonard Hartmann at home.

In philately, there is a long tradition that recognizes the significance of territorial covers, as Alaska had a rather lengthy territorial period before achieving statehood on January 3, 1959. The 49th state is popular with collectors of all types, having

a better-than-average selection of postal history publications, almost all focused on the territorial period. The earliest of these, Joseph J. Cavagnol’s Postmarked Alaska, A Saga of Early Alaska, was published in 1957 just before statehood and remained

252 PHILATELIC LITERATURE REVIEW / FOURTH QUARTER 2020 / VOL. 69

268 PHILATELIC LITERATURE REVIEW / FOURTH QUARTER 2020 / VOL. 69

from the collection. Books, monographs, journals, auction catalogs, stamp catalogs, government documents, exhibits, and many other materials can all be borrowed from the collection by members and subscribers.

New Benefit - APRL Digital

PHILATELIC LITER THE

ATURE REVIE W

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHILATELIC RES SECOND QUA EARCH LIBRARY RTER 2020 | VOL . 69, NO. 2 | WH OLE NO. 267

New

BOOKS

STAMPLIBRARY.O

One of the new and distinct benefits of membership or subscription is access to the library’s digital collections database, APRL Digital. Begun in 2017, APRL Digital comprises over 600,000 scanned pages, mostly from nine complete journal runs, that is full-text searchable with display, print and download options as well. All told, APRL Digital is one of the largest repositories of digital philatelic periodicals in the world. In 2021, it is the goal of the APRL to expand the number of complete journal runs from the current nine to forty-five. Publication permissions have been received in order to make this happen. Members and subscribers will benefit from these additional journals, which will expand the subject scope of the database to include philatelic research involving airmail, the Caribbean, Cuba, Danzig, first days, first issues, Florida, the United Nations, Ethiopia, Ohio, Scandinavia, Germany and much more.

Philatelic Literature Review and Library Memberships If you are already an APS member, please consider

168 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

subscribing to the Philatelic Literature Review¸ the library’s quarterly journal, or becoming a library member. Your subscription or membership supports the services of the APRL and enables its growth for future researchers and members. The PLR contains articles, indexes and bibliographies, reviews of current philatelic literature, newly published literature announcements, news from the APRL and other philatelic libraries, and “The Clearinghouse,” a forum for subscribers to list literature they wish to sell. U.S. PLR subscriptions are only $18 annually, while Canadian and International subscriptions are $23 and $30 respectively. There are also different levels of library

memberships that further support the APRL and include annual PLR subscriptions: Library Sustaining Membership $30; and Library Contributing Membership $50. Beyond these annual memberships, there are also support levels that include lifetime PLR subscriptions: Library Life Membership ranging from $360 to $600; Library Patron, $1,000; and finally Daniel W. Vooys Fellow $5,000. Whatever your level of support, consider a PLR subscription or a library membership in order further the goals of the APRL and to support it as the research home of the philatelic world. Find out more at aps.buzz/PLR.

Our Unique Newsletter

SPECIAL OFFERING

James E. Lee's Volume XXII No. 4 Winter 2020 Whole No. 96

Please email us so you can receive our Biweekly Email Newsletters packed with special offers!

Special Winter Edition

Philately $5 • Free To Clients

Free Frank of Zachary Taylor as President Envelope free franked as President (“Z. Taylor”), Washington, D.C., May 1849. With manuscript “Free” at upper right and red “FREE” over red circular cancellation. Addressed to Lt. Robert Lane, Sutton, New Hampshire, with partial seal of Vice-President Fillmore on the back, light toning. Taylor is the third rarest presidential autograph. (PH96-01) $1,500.00

294P2-299P2 – Roosevelt small die proofs Complete set of the 1901 Pan-American issue small die proofs still affixed to the original gray card backing. A very scarce set in premium condition. (EP96-01) $3,500.00

247P4, 248P4, 256P4, 262P4 & 263P4 – First Bureau card proof set The only five values of the First Bureau issue that became available as card proofs, XF set, Ex-Westheimer (EP96-02) $2,000.00 P.O. Box 3876 • Oak Brook, IL 60522-3876

Phone: (847) 910-6048 Email: jim@jameslee.com

www.JamesLee.com

James E. Lee’s Philately • Whole No. 96 • 1

The 96th edition of our full-color quarterly newsletter was mailed in January to our customer list. Everyone can freely view the latest issue on our HOME PAGE! It always features special offers from our vast inventory. See it here:

JamesLee.com

116-E1c 10c Deep red die essay die with National imprint pulled on India paper and die sunk on card blotter. Die sunk examples with a portion of the original blotter are very scarce and seldom encountered. Beautiful deep shade. SCV: $1,100.00 Net: $800.00

P.O. Box 3876 • Oak Brook, IL 60522-3876 Call: (847) 910-6048 Email: jim@jameslee.com FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 169

In Touch BY Wendy Masorti Director of Membership and Shows wendy@stamps.org

Together We Grow

January, we launched a new membership campaign, Together We Grow. The campaign recognizes all of our communities: dealers, clubs, specialty societies and members, and the important role each plays in growing the hobby and the APS. This campaign is a great opportunity to share the hobby and the value of APS membership. Not only can you take pride in supporting growth, you can also receive $5 credit for each new member recruited, a chance each month to win a $25 APS gift credit, AND a chance to win a free LIFE membership – a $750 value! The power of sharing cannot be overstated – often, new members say they joined APS simply because someone shared their collecting story. Something as simple as sharing your experience and what’s important to you can make a difference. Every story shared is a chance to welcome a new collector to our community.

2020 Challenge Results Thanks to all who recruited new members for the “2020 Challenge”! Results will be shared on our website and in a later article. The life membership drawings for that challenge will be held in mid-March. Watch our news feed for date and time.

Recruiting new collectors can be as simple as:

• Share your collecting story and give an application to join to a friend • Share with someone a stamp of a topic of interest (Does your colleague love cats, lighthouses or Star Wars…. Give them a stamp of the topic) • Share an interesting article or copy of The American Philatelist • Share why you are a proud member of APS or a helpful service you use • Share resources on stamps.org – U.S. New Stamp Issues, event calendar, buying and selling opportunities, etc. and invite them to join online • Invite a friend to come along to a stamp show or club meeting • Invite others to interesting online Stamp Chats • Post something fun about your collection on social media or at work on the bulletin board – you may spark interest or find colleagues who also collect

However you share the hobby, be sure to provide information about the APS – the support, services and community available to help all collectors. And don’t forget, any new member you recruit to the APS should write your name in the referral section of the membership application in order for you to receive the recruitment gifts. Visit www.stamps.org/Together-We-Grow for more details and tips on how we can grow a bright future for our hobby together.

Together We Grow A Strong APS is a Strong Hobby 170 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

Affiliate Spotlight As I write this article there are 18 inches of snow outside, so my spotlight for February is: American Soc. of Polar Philatelists www.polarphilatelists.org/ Members of ASPP enjoy a common interest in the stamps, covers, and postal history of the north and south Polar Regions. What do you collect? Visit stamps.org/affiliates to find a group to share common interests.

Stay in touch We welcome all feedback. Share your ideas or experiences at InTouch@stamps.org.

Membership Report No. 12, DECEMBER 31, 2020

NEW APPLICANTS The following applications were received during December 2020. If no objections are received by the Executive Director (814933-3803) prior to February 28, 2021, these applicants will be admitted to membership and notice to this effect will appear in the April 2021 issue. Adams, Curtis W. (232697) Dungannon, VA 19th Century20th Century-Air MailsRevenues/Tax Paids (Federal)Confederate States-Savings (Postal/Treasury/War); 55; Engineer Alkhateeb, Mohamed (232727) Hamtramck, MI Used US; 37 Allende, Guillermo F. (232713) Winter Haven, FL; 73; Physician Anglin, Aj (232745) Garfield, AR US; 78; Retired Augustine, Amalakumar D. (232709) Saint Louis, MO IndiaIndian States-Stampless Covers (Foreign)-Nobel Winners; 60; Physician Barton, Leslie W. (232768) Granbury, TX Air MailsConfederate States; 76; Retired Bermani, David J. (232763) Brea, CA; 77; Marketing Mgr. Betancourt, Philip P. (232757) Moorestown, NJ Stampless Covers; 84 Bieda, Edwin E. (232722) Waukegan, IL Classics (US And Foreign); 73; Retired Blau, Richard D. (232743) Flagstaff, AZ Blocks/Guideline Blocks Blunt, Seth H. (232696) Herriman, UT; 20 Boyd, Linda (232761) Gallatin, TN; 67 Brown, Thomas D. (232731) Finleyville, PA 20th CenturyBureau Issues-Plate BlocksBooklets/Panes-Plate SinglesCoil Line Pairs; Retired Mech. Engr. Butt, Roger (232792) Jackson, WI US; 75; Retired Calhoun, Sandra (232723) Alexandria, VA Carnell, Brett (232764) College Park, MD 19th Century (US & Foreign); 61; Archivist Casey, Mark A. (232744) Kirkland, WA Lots & Collections-Used Worldwide-General WorldwideFormer/Dead Countries Casselbury, John (232702) West Valley, UT Blocks/Guideline Blocks-Air Mails-Classics

Cayado, Enrique A. (232733) Jeffersonville, GA Cuba; 55; Military Ret. Cayler, Tracy A. (232718) Fresno, CA CommemorativesDefinitives-Germany-CaliforniaUS Presidents-Lincoln-SnoopyDucks; 51; Parts Coordinator Chen, Edward (232700) Saint Louis, MO Worldwide-US-Used Worldwide-Stamp Design/ Designers-Lots & CollectionsFormer/Dead Countries; Healthcare Chrissos, George O. (232765) Chesterfield, MO 20th Century19th Century-Greece; 79 Coldwell, James A. (232750) Grimsby, ON Canada CanadaBulls Eye/Son Cancels-Air Mails; 49 Cowdery, Craig (232735) Tallahassee, FL; 64 Cupp, Elvus A. (232762) Clifton Park, NY 19th Century-20th Century-Plate Blocks-Used Worldwide; 78; Retired Curtis, Lawrence H. (232729) Derwood, MD 20th Century-USGerman States-Germany-Great Britain Machins-Great Britain; 75; Retired Detwiler, Carol A. (232769) Greens Fork, IN US-Holiday-LoveHistory; 85; Retired Doonan, Frank (232791) Hillsborough, NC US; 74 Draegert, Michael (232716) Grayslake, IL Washington/ Franklins-US-Blocks/Guideline Blocks; 47; Self Employed Esco, Scott T. (232692) Brentwood, CA 19th Century-Classics-US; 53 Fitzer, Stephen (232710) Columbia, SC Gage, Fredrick E. (232726) Atchison, KS 19th Century-20th Century; 75 Garcia, Jaime (232734) MiltonFreewayer, OR Errors, Freaks, Oddities-CoilsCommemoratives-ImperforatesJoint Issues (US & Foreign)Washington/Franklins; Social Services Gibson, Jon A. (232704) East Falmouth, MA US-Duck/ Hunting/Fishing Stamps-Ohio; Retired Scientific Editor Goedeke, Janice E. (232772) Greenbelt, MD Commemoratives-19th Century-20th Century-ClassicsCommemorative Panels-Errors, Freaks, Oddities; 64 Gomeniuk, Igor (232719) Krakow, 30-499, Poland AutomobilesLighthouses-Motorcycles/ Bicycles-Railroads-Ships/BoatsTransportation; 44

NEW MEMBERS Applications 232454-232576 as previously published have been accepted for membership by the Board of Vice Presidents.

Gonsoulin, Jamie J. (232779) SUMMARY Youngsville, LA US; 40 Gordon, Judith (232760) Los Total Membership, Angeles, CA November 30, 2020............ 27,347 New Members 123 Greene, Thomas A. (232778) Reinstated 23 Ocala, FL Air Mails-19th Deceased 23 Century-20th CenturyResignations 55 Blocks/Guideline BlocksTotal Membership Commemoratives-Used US; December 31, 2020 27,415 73; Retired (Total Membership, December 31, Gupta, Nikhil K. (232775) San 2019 was 28,010 a difference of Ramon, CA 19th Century595) Bridges-Lighthouses-IndiaRailroads-World War II; 44 Luna, Phillip A. (232774) Hallock, Ronald (232690) Moreno Valley, CA 19th Pittsburgh, PA; 73 Century-20th Century-Air Harmon, Russell S. (232767) Mails-Commemorative PanelsRaleigh, NC 20th CenturyCommemoratives-California; 74; Commemoratives-Geology/ Retired Gems/Minerals-Arctic/AntarcticMcCarthy, Patrick (232740) British Colonies-19th Century; Pittsburgh, PA 19th Century74; Retired Geologist Classics-US Postal HistoryZeppelin Covers/Stamps-Civil Heriford, Michael (232739) War Covers; 49 Longview, WA McKeever, Maureen A. (232785) Hobbs, John W. (232751) Colorado Turtle Creek, PA Used Springs, CO CommemorativesUS-Ships/Boats-ChristmasCommemorative Panels; 52; Olympics-Maritime MarkingsHoskin, Sam (232773) Ogden, UT; Paquebots-Girl Scouts; 59; 68; Retired Customer Service Banking Hosler, Richard C. (232742) Dallas, Meiering, Patrick (232794) TX US-Possessions; 76; Retired Durango, CO US; 53; SelfEmployed Isik, Inanc (232693) Balgach, Middleton, Todd (232748) Switzerland 19th CenturyJacksonville Beach, FL ClassicsClassics; Technician US Presidents-Lots & Collections; Katz, Stephen L. (232770) Bend, 59; IAR OR US; 76; Retired Newbery, Jeff (232730) Port Kiesling, Kurt (232701) Gonzales, Williams, NS Canada CanadaLA 19th Century-20th CenturyCandian Provinces-IrelandUsed Worldwide-Air Mails-CoilsMaps-Great Britain-Gold CoastNorway; 73; Retired Horses; 50; Teacher King, William K. (232720) Nicholson, Gary Allen (232728) Bethlehem, PA; 66; Retired Cedar Falls, IA Used USGermany-Great Britain-IowaKish, Jules (232707) Milford, CT Mexico-Canada-British Machin 19th Century-20th Century-Air Heads-Mexico Exportas; 56 Mails-Duck/Hunting/Fishing Nielsen, Christopher R. (232780) Stamps-Revenues/Tax Paids Staten Island, NY 19th Century(Federal)-Officials/Official Mail20th Century-Advertising US; 87; Retired Covers-Air Mails-Classics-Civil Klion, Reid (232790) Boulder, CO War Covers New York-Classics-Spain-CubaO’Neal, Gordon V. (232783) Spanish Civil War; 61 Bristow, VA Zeppelin Covers/ Koga, Mauricio (232699) Curitiba, Stamps-Blocks/Guideline Blocks-19th Century-Air MailsBrazil Fish/Marine Life-Brazil; 48 China (People’s Rep.)-Philatelic Kroot, Chris (232781) Waynesville, History; 54; Treasury NC Parcel Post-Italy-Christmas Packer, Gary J. (232755) Seals-Indiana-British EuropeIndianapolis, IN GermanyGermany; Retired Brazil; 73 Krueger, Christian Y. (232789) Panchevre, Samuel (232725) San Milwaukee, WI US-20th Antonio, TX Used US-19th Century-Modern Postal HistoryCentury-Air Mails-Fakes & Wisconsin; 27; Doctoral Student Forgeries-France Lanfried, Judy (232795) Torrance, Parker, Todd K. (232759) East CA US-Revenues; Owner Lansing, MI TelegraphsLanfried Ortho Technology Revenues/Tax Paids (Federal); 46 FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 171

Patterson, Donald B. (232786) Enterprise, Al 19th Century20th Century-CommemorativesDuck/Hunting/Fishing StampsErrors, Freaks, Oddities-Plate Blocks; 70; Retired Phipps, Richard (232694) North Fort Myers, FL 20th Century19th Century; 63 Pinkham, Glenn E. (232738) Severn, MD CommemorativesChristmas Seals-Air Mails-Korea; 66; Retired US Army Piotrowski, Robert (232753) Henderson, NV Space-Russia/ USSR/Independent RepublicsWorldwide; 48; Software Administrator Pitre, Jean (232717) Croton On Hudson, NY American IndiansCommemoratives-Advertising Covers-Classics-AviationMaritime Markings; 92 Plews, Reese (232721) Tokyo, Japan Maps-Foreign Postal History-Philatelic LiteratureForeign Postal StationeryGeography-Used Worldwide Rasor, Thomas (232771) Mill Run, PA Classics-CzechoslovakiaUnited Nations-Western EuropeBulls Eye/Son Cancels-Germany; 49 Reeves, Robert (232756) Dulles, VA 20th Century-ClassicsRussia/USSR/Independent Republics

Rewerts, Ronald W. (232712) Blair, NE US-Pitcairn Islands; 69; Retired Electrician Richardson, Jim R. (232793) Lexington, SC US-FranceWorldwide; 76; Retired Roberts, Brian (232691) Springfield, VA 19th Century20th Century-Air Mails; 57 Royko, James A. (232741) Collierville, TN; 64; Contractor Scroggins, Laura (232705) Marstons Mills, MA; 63 Shain, Paul (232777) Houston, TX 19th Century-20th CenturyGreenland; 61 Shenk, Jonathan D. (232747) Tucson, AZ US-Belgian CongoAfrica-United Nations; 63 Simmons, Rod (232736) Sand Springs, OK 19th Century-20th Century; 56 Sparks, Andrew (232784) Glastonbury, CT US-Russia/ USSR/Independent RepublicsAustralia-Canada-Used Worldwide-British AmericaUkraine Provisional & Local Issues; 56; Engineering Manager Srivastava, Anurag (232703) Vadodara, India India-Indian States-Great Britain-Tibet-Straits Settlements-Persian Gulf States/ UAE; 37

Stanlake, Matthew (232695) Arlington, MA Canada-Great Britain; 51 Stern, Herschel (232749) Encinitas, CA Maps; 68 Strohl, Clair (Bud) L. Jr. (232714) Emmaus, PA US Commemoratives-Sheets & Plate Blocks; 79; Engineer Sturtivant, Janet (232746) Minneapolis, MN Used Worldwide-American IndiansRailroads-Science Fiction-No. 1s Of The World-Hawaii Sullivan, Robert A. (232724) Belmont, MA Commemoratives; 69 Swenson, Lori (232732) Aurora, CO Air Mails-Plate BlocksRevenues/Tax Paids (Federal)Hungary Thomson, Matthew R. (232766) Shelburne, VT VermontChristmas Seals-Air Mails-Civil War Covers-Plate Blocks-Joint Issues (US & Foreign); 29 Throwe, Gene T. (232689) Washington, DC US-19th Century-Confederate StatesCanada-Former/Dead CountriesForeign Classics; 49; Office Manager Tillery, Tasha D. (232698) Rye, CO US Mint-Imperforates; 36 Tinkey, Jason (232706) Chicago, IL Plate Blocks; 42

Tulacz, Gary (232711) Fort Lee, NJ Worldwide; 68 Volling, William H. (232715) Haines City, FL Walling, Mark (232708) Norton Shores, MI US Wedemeyer, John A. (232776) Phoenix, AZ Definitives-19th Century-20th Century; 66; Retired Wickson, Michael (232752) Edmonton, AB Canada Canada-20th Century-19th Century-Great Britain; 38 Winar, Bill (232788) Hartford, CT Gay History On Stamps-Golf; 72; Retired Witkowski, Edward P. (232758) Saint Louis, MO German Federal Rep.-Canada-US; 53; Librarian Woodbridge, Clayton E. (232754) Carthage, MO Scouts-SpaceSpace/Jet/Rocket Covers-War Covers/Stamps-Arctic/Antarctic; 60

DECEASED Amat, Luis R. (217477), Miami, FL Arfken, George B. (10808-074912), Clearwater, FL Behrens, Dieter (177759), Ridgefield, NJ Bodden, Rupert (102453), Birmingham, AL

DUTCH COUNTRY AUCTIONS R The Stamp Center R Serving the hobby worldwide since 1979

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Live Internet Bidding Via Stamp Auction Network When you are ready to liquidate your collection, we are at your service! No matter the size — drop off, ship or call us to arrange a pick-up. We will provide a free and prompt appraisal by our professional and bonded staff supported by either an outright purchase offer or an estimate of what you would realize by consigning to Dutch Country Auctions!

DutchcountryAuctions.com 302-478-8740 | AUCTIONS@DUTCHCOUNTRYAUCTIONS.COM 4115 CONCORD PIKE, 2ND FLOOR | WILMINGTON, DE 19803 RUSSELL EGGERT OWNER, APPRAISER, LICENSED & BONDED AUCTIONEER 172 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

Together We Grow A Strong APS is a Strong Hobby “Individually we are one drop, TOGETHER we are an ocean.” Our community of members, dealers, local clubs and societies are vital to the success and growth of the APS and our hobby. That’s why APS invites everyone to join our “Together WE Grow” membership campaign.

Participation is simple: 1. Utilize the social media and promotional tools provided 2. Share your reason for being an APS member 3. Recruit new members Not only will you be helping to strengthen APS and our hobby for years to come, you earn cash and get a chance to win a free LIFE membership – a $750 value!

Are you ready to grow our hobby? Learn more and download the shareable tools at:

www.stamps.org/Together-We-Grow

Every Time You Recruit a Member, You Strengthen The Hobby

Bradford, Robert L. (218775), Northumberland, PA Buchholz, Bernard (6748-048032), New York, NY Chase, David L. (213162), Henderson, NV Clay, John L. (212987), San Antonio, TX Couture, Edward C. (160332), Ann Arbor, MI Dowling, Patrick J. (9867-065414), Colorado Springs, CO Gustafson, William H. (8817-060872), Rancho Palos Verdes, CA Hall, Thomas E. (225168), South Gate, CA Holcomb, Richard M. (8753-059548), Reading, MA

Horsford, Ralph W. (8988-059133), Las Vegas, NV Johnston, Robert A. (10375-071730), Bakersfield, CA Kanai, Paul R. (11066-062530), Canton, MI LaFountain, Edward C. (9251059573), Highland, CA Liu, Eugene Y. (117505), Rialto, CA Lyding, John F. (10983-079927), Williamsburg, VA Miller, Richard J. (210554), Hopkins, MN Rosenzweig, Jack (10729-044839), Gainesville, FL Shoemaker, Jay A. (5479-041014), Ventura, CA Smith, Chester M. (8607-039978), Pine Grove Mills, PA

INACTIVE AFFILIATE American Ceremony Program Society (AF0217) Mathematical Study Unit (AF0130) Texas Postal History Society (AF0076)

DEALER LISTING The following have been approved for classification as full-time or part-time stamp dealers according to qualifications established by the Board of Vice Presidents. All dealer listings are located online www.stamps.org/ Dealers.

1847–1945

Quality U.S. Stamps Singles (mint and used), Plate Blocks, Booklet Panes plus Complete Booklets, Price lists $2 each category or free online. We also buy quality U.S. & foreign stamps.

Mountainside Stamps, Coins and Currency P.O. Box 1116 • Mountainside, NJ 07092 Tel: 908-419-9751 or 908-232-0539 E-mail: tjacks@verizon.net • www.mountainsidestamps.com Tom Jacks, owner; member APS, ASDA

FREE

Buchan, Bryan (152028). 17 Cartier Crescent, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 2M9, Canada. (905) 884-5557. Bush, Alan (210198). 6088 Wildcat Run, West Palm Beach, FL 33412. (561) 317-8305. Great Britain Stamps & Covers (Anthony Ward 231608), 7 Marsh Lane, Cockerham, Lancashire LA2 OEJ United Kingdom. Lubelski Philatelic LLC (Daniel Lubelski 187800). 111 Helen Drive, Rossford, OH 43460. (419) 410-9115. Match and Medicine and More (Randall Chet 222707). 46 Deer Hollow Lane, Zirconia, NC 28790. (828) 699-4331.

NEW 200-PAGE WORLDWIDE PRICE LIST

Find out why most collectors place orders when they receive our lists. We have the stamps you need at the prices you like.

Martin Winter

800 W. Willis Rd., Apt. 1045 • Chandler, AZ 85286 E-mail: winter310@aol.com Established in 1960

APS Life Member

Faroe Islands Stamps New September 2020 Stamp Issues

FØROYAR 12KR

FØROYAR 27KR Ludwig van Beethoven 250 Yrs

The Faroese artist, Heiðrik á Heygum has designed the mini-sheet. He has dressed the great composer up in the Faroese national costume, placed him in quintessential Faroese surroundings. Also available as a poster - A3.

Faroese Chess Traditions

In the Faroe Islands, the chess tradition also gained its local characteristics and these stamps describe two of them: the “Rook” and “Four-Player-Chess”. Design: Ole Wich.

Buy Faroese Stamps at www.stamps.fo

174 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

26KR

125 Years of Motion Pictures

2020 marks the 125th anniversary of the first public motion picture screening. The stamps display 2 movies by a Faroese film director, Bye Bye Blue Bird and Ludo.

Our agent in the US: Nordica Inc./ David Bein E-mail: nordicad@optonline.net

Posta Faroe Islands - one of the smallest Postal Services in the world, yet known for its unique, beautiful and creative stamps, which have gained worldwide recognition since 1976. Posta Stamps, Óðinshædd 2 Tel. +298 346200 FO-100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands stamps@posta.fo

FØROYAR

Classified Ads UNITED STATES

No. 1 through B.O.B., Illustrated grading, special discounts. Specify mint or used. Layaways and credit cards accepted IOWA STAMPS by Pfohl’s, PO Box 343, Dubuque, IA 52004-0343. Phone: 563-582-6247 E-mail: sales@pfohls.com (1446)

www.philbansner.com (1456) USED and MINT PNCs. Google “Himes PNCs” or send SASE to J. Himes, POB 453, Cypress, CA 90630 (1440)

www.triple-sonline.com 25,000 WORLDWIDE COVERS (1458)

FREE 40-page U.S. U.N. Pricelist (412)-431-3800 or view online www.fortpittstamps.com Fort Pitt Philatelics PO Box 6009 Pittsburgh PA 15211 (1441)

US APPROVALS Beginners welcome. Lowest prices. Lists welcome. John Barkdoll POB 751024 Petaluma CA 94975 (1447)

UNITED STATES Classic + www. hipstamp.com/store/ralphsroom (1442)

5-20% of Scott. All Stamps, AvgXF, are accurately described. For catalog contract E-Z’s Stamps POB 1052 West Seneca NY 14224 or mzim@roadrunner.com (1440)

FREE Buy It Now MAILBID catalog. US, Foreign stamps; coins & currency Reeves Box 407 Huntingdon PA 16652 (1446)

Wanted: US#231 CDS with readable names, mcarthur@cox.net (1442)

US MINT/USED 1840-1940 singles and plate blocks send on approval. See it before you buy it. Philatelic Friends, Box 802, Bear, DE 19701 (1442)

Surprising! www.JaySmith.com (1451)

EARLY TO THE LATEST PLATE BLOCKS on approval. Positions filled. Send me your want list today John Robie, PO Box 2-A, Linden, CA 95236 (1445) www.stampstore.org Seller ID 738268 (1440) www.USatFACE.com (1440) FREE 83 PAGE PRICELIST. Call, write or email. Includes 19th century to Forever issues, Air Mail, Ducks and other BOB. Or, visit my website and shop my online store. Enter www.thenorthwoodsstamps. com into your address bar at the top of the page. Major credit cards and paypal accepted. John Brown. Northwoods Stamps. PO Box 823 Rochester, MN 55903. brown55902@aol.com.( 507 ) 2525956 (1440)

U.S. CLASSIC PRICE LIST FREE. Seconds to superb, 40 pages.

U.S. POSSESSIONS www.stampstore.org Seller ID 738268 (1444)

87121 or Email: glencampman@ yahoo.com (1440)

POB 4028, Vineyard Haven, MA 02568, 888/868-8293 (1450)

www.triple-sonline.com 25,000 WORLDWIDE COVERS (1458)

BELGIUM

20-33% OF SCOTT $1,000,000 WW inventory. Lots of GB & cols. Catalog avail. www.BillsStamps. com Many finer sets & singles up to $1,000 Unconditional money-back guarantee doctoryes007@aol.com 214-213-8066 (1440)

www.StampsBelgium.com (1440)

WWW.STRAQUAIR.COM New Website for 2021 (1442)

JOIN: www.CanalZoneStudyGroup. com (1444)

CANADA

www.nfldstamps.com Walsh Specialized eCatalogues 2022 Newfoundland 2022 BNA Canada (1451) WWW.STRAQUAIR.COM New Website for 2021 (1442) stampsforcollectors.net (1447)

BRITISH COMMONWEALTH BRITISH EMPIRE – Extensive stock with emphasis on pre-1960. Advise us of your wants. TOGA ASSOCIATES, Box 396, Fairfield, CT 06824 203-255-8885 e-mail: tbansak@aol.com (1455) www.commonwealth-stamps.com (1458) GREAT BRITAIN & Channel Islands, Request list from GG Campman, 10608 Rio Puerco Tri, SW. ABQ, NM

BRAZIL www.castlerockstamps.com (1442)

CANAL ZONE

www.canalzonestamps.com (1440)

AFRICA

CHINA

ETHIOPA. Request list from GG Campman, 10608 Rio Puerco Tri SW, ABQ, NM 87121 or Email: glencampman@yahoo.com (1445)

BUY STAMPS at www. ChinaStampSociety.org (1441)

PITICAIRN ISLAND – selling complete, MNH collection thru April 5, 2018 in archival, transparent stock sheets, 5900. – danchaij@epbfi.com(1442)

CHINA TOP $. jon@ chinesestampbuyer.com www.chinesestampbuyer.com (1443)

stampsforcollectors.net (1447)

www.Stamps-China.com (1440)

ARMENIA

www.castlerockstamps.com (1442)

www.ArmenianStamps.com (1440)

CLASSIC CANADA ON APPROVAL. See it before you buy it. Philatelic Friends, Box 802, Bear, DE 19701 (1442)

stampsforcollectors.net (1447)

20-33% OF SCOTT $1,000,000 WW inventory. Lots of 19th cent US & officials, many at CV $200++ Catalog avail. www.BillsStamps. com Unconditional money-back guarantee doctoryes007@aol.com 214-213-8066 (1440)

www.stamps.org/Classified-Ads

AUSTRALIA

BUY/SELL, washingtonstamps.com (1445)

COLOMBIA

www.stampstore.org Seller ID 738268 (1444)

www.castlerockstamps.com (1442)

stampsforcollectors.net (1447)

JOIN: www.COPAPHIL.org (1443)

CUBA

AUSTRALIAN STATES

www.ilastamps.com (1441)

stampstore.org Seller ID 502981 (1440)

www.castlerockstamps.com (1442)

AUSTRIA

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

www.StampsAustria.com (1440)

WANT LISTS FILLED, Year Sets, Extensive stock www. buyhungarianstamps.com, HSE, POB 4028, Vineyard Haven, MA 02568, 888/868-8293 (1450)

BALKANS WANT LISTS FILLED, Year Sets, Extensive stock www. buyhungarianstamps.com, HSE, POB 4028, Vineyard Haven, MA 02568, 888/868-8293 (1450)

EASTERN EUROPE stampsforcollectors.net (1447)

BALTICS

FRANCE

WANT LISTS FILLED, Year Sets, Extensive stock www. buyhungarianstamps.com, HSE,

FRANCE and colonies, Request list from GG Campman, 10608 Rio Puerco Tri SW, ABQ, NM 87121 or

GET NOTICED WITH CLASSIFIED ADS Classified advertising in The American Philatelist is a cost-effective way to get the attention of nearly 26,000 American Philatelic Society members around the world. Call or email Chad today for more details (CCowder@ stamps.org). Payment in advance. No change of copy. No refunds.

1 line 2 lines 3 lines 4 lines 5 lines 6 lines 7 lines 8 lines 9 lines 10 lines 11 lines

1 month $ 3.94 $ 7.88 $ 11.82 $ 15.76 $ 19.70 $ 23.64 $ 27.58 $ 31.52 $ 35.46 $ 39.40 $ 43.34

6 months $ 21.28 $ 42.55 $ 63.83 $ 85.10 $ 106.38 $ 127.66 $ 148.93 $ 170.21 $ 191.48 $ 212.76 $ 234.04

12 months $ 37.82 $ 75.65 $ 113.47 $ 151.30 $ 189.12 $ 226.94 $ 264.77 $ 302.59 $ 340.42 $ 378.24 $ 416.06

To calculate the number of lines for your ad, count all letters, numerals, punctuation and blank spaces between words. Divide the total by 34 and round up to the next whole number. Advertising is restricted to current APS members; please include your APS number. All classified ads must be prepaid. The best way to submit classified ads is online at www.stamps.org/ Classified-Ads. Classified ads are also

accepted via mail by sending your ad text and payment to AP Advertising, 100 Match Factory Place, Bellefonte, PA 16823. When submitting your ad, please include your card number (VISA, MasterCard or Discover only) and expiration date. Checks must be drawn on a U.S. bank. Renewal Notice: If (1440) appears after your ad, it expires after this issue. Deadline for the March issue is January 24.

FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 175

Email: glencampman@yahoo.com (1445) www.StampsFrance.com (1440) stampsforcollectors.net (1447) ALL PERIODS, washingtonstamps. com (1445)

FRENCH COLONIES www.stampstore.org Seller ID 738268 (1444) www.disler.com (1441) stampsforcollectors.net (1447) 20-33% OF SCOTT $1,000,000 WW inventory. Lots of France & cols.

Catalog avail. www.BillsStamps. com Many finer sets & singles up to $1,000 Unconditional money-back guarantee doctoryes007@aol.com 214-213-8066 (1442)

GERMANY GERMAN AREA ON APPROVAL. See it before you buy it. Philatelic Friends, Box 802, Bear, DE 19701 (1442) stampsforcollectors.net (1447) www.Stamps-Germany.com (1440)

176 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

GREAT BRITAIN www.british-stamps.com (1458)

IRAN/IRAQ www.stampsofIRAN.com (1440)

HUNGARY

ITALIAN COLONIES

WANT LISTS FILLED, New Issues, Extensive stock of all Eastern European countries. www. hungarianstamps.com, POB 4028, Vineyard Haven, MA 02568, 888/868-8293 (1445)

20-33% OF SCOTT $1,000,000 WW inventory. Lots of Italy & colonies Catalog avail. www.BillsStamps. com Many finer sets & singles up to $1000 Unconditional money-back guarantee doctoryes007@aol.com 214-213-8066 (1440)

stampsforcollectors.net (1447)

ICELAND stampsforcollectors.net (1447)

ITALY www.StampsItaly.com (1440)

www.gdgphila.it sell at 10% of Sassone Catalogue on your wantlist (1440)

JAPAN https://myjapanstamps.com (1441)

LATIN AMERICA ALL LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES. Sets, singles, mint, used. Guy Shaw, P.O. Box 27138, San Diego, CA 92198 www.guyshaw.com (1441) www.castlerockstamps.com (1442)

POLAND

SCANDINAVIA

POLAND SPECIALIZED: Classics to New Issues, Year Sets, Back of Book. Lubelski Philatelic LLC 111 Helen Drive, Rossford, Ohio 43460 Ph: 419-410-9115, Web: www. Lubelskistamps.com Email: Dan@ Lubelskistamps.com (1440)

HUGE STOCK AND GREAT SERVICE since 1973. Price lists: js@JaySmith. com or 2880-page website www. JaySmith.com (1451)

WANT LISTS FILLED, Year Sets, Extensive stock www. buyhungarianstamps.com, HSE, POB 4028, Vineyard Haven, MA 02568, 888/868-8293 (1450)

PORTUGAL

MEXICO stampsforcollectors.net (1447) www.castlerockstamps.com (1442)

www.StampsPortugal.com (1440) stampsforcollectors.net (1447)

ROMANIA

NEW ZEALAND stampsforcollectors.net (1447)

PANAMA JOIN: www.COPAPHIL.org (1444)

WANT LISTS FILLED, Year Sets, Extensive stock www. buyhungarianstamps.com, HSE, POB 4028, Vineyard Haven, MA 02568, 888/868-8293 (1450)

RUSSIA / USSR / INDEPENDENT REPUBLICS

PERU www.castlerockstamps.com (1442)

PHILIPPINES www.stampstore.org Seller ID 738268 (1440)

WANT LISTS FILLED. Extensive stock. www.buyhungarianstamps. com. HSE POB 4028, Vineyard Haven, MA 02568. (888) 868-8293 (1448)

UNITED NATIONS U.N. PRICE LIST, Wm. Henry Stamps, POB 150010, Kew Gardens, NY 11415 www.allunstamps.com (1445)

WORLDWIDE stampsforcollectors.net (1441) www.stampconnections.com (1442) 60% OFF SCOTT 2019-20, WW pricelist, early to modern, many topicals, Quality stamps, Les Timbres J&M, 1200 Louis-Cyr, Joliette, QC, Canada, J6E 7B2, breaultjg@videotron.ca (1440) 20-33% OF SCOTT $1,000,000 WW inventory. Lots of Euro cols. 19th century. US, Russia (1920-70), Japan, Iceland, Liech., Souv. Sheets Catalog avail. www.BillsStamps. com Many finer sets & singles up to $1,000 Unconditional money-back guarantee doctoryes007@aol.com 214-213-8066 (1440) SELLER ID 534232: US, Polynesia (1450)

Rising Sun Stamps 3272 Holley Terrace, The Villages, FL 32163-0068 Phone: 352-268-3959 E-mail: haruyo_baker@msn.com

SELLER ID 534232: US, Ireland (1441)

Fill in those empty album spaces at a mere fraction of catalog. Receive my free comprehensive catalog of thousands of US + WW stamps priced at 5-20% of the Scott 2019 catalog. Also listed are country collections priced at 2-5 cents per stamp. All stamps, whether Avg-XF, are accurately described. Contact E-Z’s Stamps POB 1052 West Seneca NY 14224 or mzim@ roadrunner.com (1440)

ALBUMS SEARCH “MAC’S ALBUM SUPPLEMENTS” on eBay, U.S. 2017-2019; Ducks 2010-2020; White Ace topical blank pages (1441)

ERIC JACKSON the hobby’s premier dealer of revenue stamps since 1975

Scott # We Pay Scott # We Pay

We buy stamps not listed. We will travel for large holdings.

US/UN COLLECTIONS STAMPS & extras from old collection & newer set, For CD of items, 2buystamps@ gmail.com HH PO Box 4 Scotland CT 06264 Prices 1/2 Scott 2020. (1441)

The Gold Standard in

PR China Buy Price for Mint, NH XF 150 250 130 140 70 300 700 100 900 200 90 100

www.triple-sonline.com 25,000 WORLDWIDE COVERS (1458)

Surprising! www.JaySmith.com (1451)

www.philbansner.com (1456)

Buying China, Japan Korea: stamps & covers 344a 100 1211-14 357a 200 1399 542-59 400 1433 566a 400 1452 620-7 800 1483 620i-7i 2,500 1492 628 8,000 1518 716-31 450 1540 782 800 1586 798a 1,400 1607e 967-80 1,500 1647a 996a 2,500 1761

gardencitystamps@yahoo.com, worldwide, M @ U USA, 1st Day Covers. (1442)

Distilled Spirits Bottled in Bond for Export, Series of 1977 blue bottle stamp, mint, VF • $7.50 (INV-219509)

Springer TG6, 1868 Issue, 8 oz. black (sailor) mint, VF • $300.00 (INV-213443)

December 7th - An Overview of Guatemala Postal History - Part 2 (presenter Rod Haenni)

PA residents add 6% sales tax.

Visit us online at

January 4th - Essays and Proofs of Guatemala Part 1 (presenter Michael Bloom)

www.ericjackson.com

February 1st - Essays and Proofs of Guatemala - Part 2 (presenter Michael Bloom)

Browse our amazing stock — 73,000+ items, including first issue revenue stamps.

March 1st , Perforation Varieties of the Tipografia Nacional Issues (presenter David Lindwall)

Buying & Selling

Eric Jackson

P.O. Box 728 • Leesport PA 19533-0728 Phone: 610-926-6200 E-mail: eric@revenuer.com Online: www.ericjackson.com

Established 1914

FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 177

2021 Jackson ad for February AP.indd 1

12/22/2020 7:26:01 AM

APPRAISALS

COLLECTIONS

WORLD WIDE STAMP APPRAISALS Valuation and written report provided. Sellers agent services info@hungarianstamps.com (888)868-8293 HSE PO Box 4028, Vineyard Haven MA 02568 (1446)

QUALITY SURPLUS STAMPS. British & French Colonies, W.Europe, US, BOB at 25-30% catalogue. Muriel Rowan, 17160 Kinzie St., Northridge CA 91325 Email: merkrow@aol.com (1442)

APPROVALS

COVERS

WORLDWIDE BOOKS OF MOUNTED SINGLES by country. Pre 1941 to 2000’s. Some sets available. Many books with issues of last 10 years. State interests. Howard Mundt, 415 N Lenfesty, Marion IN 46952 (1450) WORLDWIDE APPROVALS DISCOUNT 66 2/3% from Current Scott. Send APS# to Robert Ducharme, C.P. 592, St. Jerome, QC J7Z 5V3, Canada (1447) US AND WORLDWIDE. See it before you buy it. Philatelic Friends, Box 802, Bear, DE 19701 (1442) US AND WORLDWIDE. Great prices beginner to advanced. Sets and Singles. State interest. Larry Serenari, 766 Nestle Quarry Rd., Falling Waters, WV 25419 (1445) GREAT STAMPS FAIR PRICES Personal Service, Global sets & singles. Emporium, 10 Wilmington Ave., Apt. 109W, Dayton, OH 45420 (1442)

AUCTIONS www.auctions.sterlingstamps.com (1442)

www.philbansner.com (1456) www.triple-sonline.com 25,000 WORLDWIDE COVERS (1458)

newsletter. Great description. Alfins, 168 Eaglecrest Drive, Buffton SC 29909 (1444) FREE CATALOG. US, British, Europe, W/W. Many Starter Collections. Various Sized Lots. No Buyers Fee. Jarema PO Box 359100, Gainesville, FL 32635 (1441)

BOYS TOWN invites donations of U.S. and foreign stamp collections, coins, currency, and mint U.S. postage. Help us help kids! Leon Myers Stamp Center, 13628 Flanagan Blvd., Boys Town, NE 68010. Email stampcenter@boystown.org Phone 402-498-1143 (1441)

EXCHANGE EXCHANGE YOUR DUPLICATES at Scott catalog value, 10% in stamps. Joe Thatcher, P.O. Box 38, Ironton, MN 56455 (1447)

POSTAL HISTORY

TOPICALS www.westernstampco.com (1450)

www.philbansner.com (1456)

WANTED LIGHTHOUSE SELECT S3 stock sheets (now out of production)... will pay a premium. Contact Bob Dix at dixiex22@gmail.com (1440)

www.mgjpostalhistory.com +ephemera (1446) www.castlerockstamps.com (1442)

REVENUES WORLD REVENUES LIQUIDATION collections, sets, singles, of everywhere from A-Z. also documents and Cinderellas. Gordon Brooks. box 100, Station NDG,Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3P4. (1452)

LITERATURE

PHILATELIC SUPPLIES All major brands. B and G Sales $35+ order gets free U.S. shipping. www.ebay. com/str//bandgsales or call 317627-5242 (1450)

EJstamps@gmail.com (1442)

www.triple-sonline.com 25,000 WORLDWIDE COVERS (1458)

DONATIONS

SUPPLIES

DC AREA Stamp Collections; Alex: 301-309-3622; ARogolsky@gmail. com (1444) WANTED Clipper airmail to or from Shanghai 4th Regiment – jonpac@ aol.com 954-547-0544 (1440) DUCK SHEET I am needing a RW-6 sheet. Please call or email Gerald R. Forsythe, 847-541-6215 or gforsythe@newmidwestgroup. com (1442)

1939-1945 BOHEMIA & MORAVIA

www.philbansner.com (1456) www.pbbooks.com Leonard H. Hartmann (1463)

Complete (181 different) 181 diff Mint NH $190.00 181 diff Mint $125.00 181 diff Used $250.00

MAIL BIDS SALES 100 COLLECTORS sell discounted packets, country collections on pages/sets in 36 page free

www.DonSCal.com

D P Stamps

Don S. Cal PO Box 1732 • Port Angeles, WA 98362

& Tel: 250-383-6211 • E-mail: dcal@victoriastamp.com Specializing in France & Colonies, Dealer member APS since 1985 Portugal & Cols, Italy & Cols, Spain & Cols, British Cols & Latin, Central & South America. We also carry a large variety 215CAL10 Bohemia Moravia.indd 1 8/27/2015 8:50:38 AM of Middle East & Worldwide. Please check out our new website where you can now shop at our online store!! www.dpstamps.com

2220 Otay Lakes Rd Suite 502-411 Chula Vista, CA 91915 619-987-1019 • Pat@dpstamps.com

Please send us your Want List APS ATA, ISPP, NSDA Members

Rocky Mountain Philatelic Library Announcing their Auction Web Site Featuring Stamps and Covers http://www.rmplauctions.org next auction closes February 27, 2021 No Buyer’s Premium

178 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

Mexico

RUBBER STAMPS

TRADITIONAL & SELF-INKING

Call: 707-894-5273

CUSTOMER SERVICE & ORDERS CALL TOLL-FREE

New and Lower Prices www.greggnelsonstamps.com

1-877-373-1212

MOST ORDERS SHIP WITHIN 24 HOURS Visit us online: SHOP.WCP-NM.COM

Quality U.S. Stamps

215rubber01.indd 1

11/25/2014 9:10:16 AM

ALL

Competitive Prices

HAWAII

New Issue Service Available

Scott A. Shaulis

P.O. Box 549 • Murrysville, PA 15668 scott@shaulisstamps.com • www.shaulisstamps.com

We Sell & Buy Stamps

CKstamps U.S. & Worldwide

Stamps Auctions from $0.01 on eBay

Vogt Stamps 1301 Broadway • Burlingame, CA 94010 650-344-3401 Full website www.vogtstamps.com

ck stamps LLC

www.CKstamps.com

P.O. Box 425 East Longmeadow, MA 01028 413-785-5348 • E-mail: suburbanstamp@verizon.net

buyers and builders of great stamp collections visit

www.columbianstamp.com New Zealand’s Leading Auction House oﬀers you free monthly postal auctions with 3000+ lots! Join our mailing list NOW! Private Bag 63000, Wellington, New Zealand 6140 Ph: + 64 6 364 8270 • mowbray.stamps@xtra.co.nz

APS #216955

U.S. Revenues

INDIA

R1 to RZ18, Telegraphs, Savings Whether you want that elusive issue to complete a set or sell your collections. Free price list.

AUCTION . RETAIL . PRIVATE TREATY

FRANK BACHENHEIMER

Remember the APS and APRL in your Will

6547 Midnight Pass Rd., #89, Sarasota, FL 34242 • Ph: 941-349-0222 www.astampdealer4u.com • frankb@astampdealer4u.com

When in Naples (Florida) stop in and examine our large stock of U.S. and Foreign Stamps, Covers, Collections, Wholesale Lots

NEW ENGLAND STAMP E-bay I.D. Gary.NES

www.stampbay.com PO Box 50848, Palo Alto, CA 94303

Ph: (650) 387-3885 Email: info@stampbay.com

Call (814) 933-3803 for info on estate planning

4987 Tamiami Trail East Village Falls Professional Ctr., Naples, FL 34113 Ph: 239-732-8000 Fax: 239-732-7701

Established 1893

Suburban Stamp Inc.

www.mowbraycollectables.co.nz

42-14 Union St. #2A Flushing, NY 11355 ckstampsLLC@yahoo.com

FSDA ASDA

#C10 Proof. Are You on our Mailing List ?

U.S. Possessions CZ, Cuba, Guam, Hawaii, PR, Philippines, & Spanish Era Whether you want that elusive issue to complete a set or sell your collections. Free price list.

FSDA ASDA

FRANK BACHENHEIMER

6547 Midnight Pass Rd., #89, Sarasota, FL 34242 • Ph: 941-349-0222 www.astampdealer4u.com • frankb@astampdealer4u.com

Year 2019 2018

VATICAN CITY YEAR SETS Mint $100.00 $105.00

Year 2017 2016

Canada Revenues

Mint $91.00 $97.00

Massive Inventory E.S.J. van Dam Ltd

Entire Vatican catalog is stock; 1929 to today Please add 3% postage & shipping, minimum $0.75

P.O. Box 300-P Bridgenorth, ON, Canada K0L 1H0 toll free phone 1-866-382-6326

PENNY BLACK STAMP COMPANY FREE price list.

P.O. Box 78, Dexter MI 48130-0078 Phone: (734) 424-3043

www.canadarevenuestamps.com

www.pennyblackstamp.com

Stamps, stationery, postal history, die proofs from around the World. Send a note of your interests and we’ll advise you of suitable items we have. If in London, please visit our offices and browse our stock. Have you visited our DELCAMPE STORE?

1, Wardour Street London W1D 6PA Great Britain Phone: 011-44-20-7930-6100 Fax: 011-44-20-7494-2881 E-mail: philatelists@argyll-etkin.com Website: www.argyll-etkin.com FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 179

Index of Advertisers American Philatelic Research Library —stamps.org/services/library American Philatelic Society — stamps.org/ Together-We-Grow Amos Media—www.linns.com —www.amosadvantage.com Antonio M. Torres —www.antoniotorres.com APS Estate Advice —www.stamps.org/Estate-Advice Argyll Etkin Limited —www.argyll-etkin.com

Frank Bachenheimer —www.astampdealer4u.com

179

Patricia A. Kaufmann —www.trishkaufmann.com

173

Gary Posner, Inc. — www.garyposnerinc.com

152

113

Penny Black Stamp Company —www.pennyblackstamp.com

112

189

Gregg Nelson Stamps — www.greggnelsonstamps.com

179

Philasearch.com — www.philasearch.com

103

179

Haiti Philatelic Society — www.haitiphilately.com

106

174

179

HB Philatelics — www.hbphilatelics.com

Posta Faroe Islands — www.stamp.fo

123

Hipstamp — www.hipstamp.com

Postal Stationery.com — www.postalstationery.com

178

Hugh Wood Inc. Insurance — www.hughwood.com

183

Randy Scholl Stamp Co. Have Tongs Will Travel — www.randyschollstampcompany.com/ have-tongs-will-travel.asp C4

Hungarian Stamp Exchange — www.hungarianstamps.com

110

Rasdale Stamp Company — wwwrasdalestamps.com

112

130

Rising Sun Stamps — www.risingsunstamps.com

177

Robert A. Siegel Auction Galleries, Inc. — www.siegelauctions.com

179

Auktionshaus Christoph Gärtner GmbH & Co. KG—www.auktionen-gaertner.de 153 Carries & Locals Society —www. pennypost.org

131

Century Stamps —www.century-stamps.com

India and States —www.indiaandstates.com

176

CK Stamps —www.CKstamps.com

179

International Society of Guatemala Collectors —www.GuatemalaStamps.com 177

Colonial Stamp www.colonialstamps.com

179

Columbian Stamp Company —www.columbianstamp.com

179

Daniel F. Kelleher Auctions —www.kelleherauctions.com

104-105

David R. Torre —waterfowlstampsandmore.com

Davidson’s Stamp Service —www.newstampissues.com

179

D&P Stamps —www.dpstamps.com

178

James E. Lee — www.jameslee.com

169

J.R. Mowbray, Ltd. —www.mowbrays.co.nz

179

Kay & Co. — www.kaystamps.com

182

Kelleher & Rogers, Ltd. — www.kelleherasia.com Laurence L. Winum

104-105 103

Lawrence J. Mozian — www.mozianstamps.com

188

Markest Stamps—www.markest.com

115

Martin Winter

174

Michael Eastick & Associates Pty. Ltd. — www.michaeleastick.com

179 179

Delcampe —www.delcampe.com

111

Denali Stamp Co. —www.denalistamps.com

178

Don S. Cal —www.DonSCal.com

178

Miller’s Stamp Company — www.millerstamps.com

Dutch Country Auctions —ww.DutchCountryAuctions.com

172

Mountainside Stamps, Coins & Currency— — www.mountainsidestamps.com 174

Dr. Robert Friedman & Sons —www.drbobfriedmanstamps.com 107, 162-167 Eastern Auctions —www.easternauctions.com

109

E.S.J. van Dam, Ltd. —www.canadarevenuestamps.com

179

ebay —www.ebay.com/philately

181

Eric Jackson— www.ericjackson.com

177

Mystic Stamp Company — www.mysticstamp.com

C2, 101

New England Stamp — www.NewEnglandStamp.com

179

Nieser Stamp and Coin —www.kennieser.com

182

Palo Albums Inc. — www.paloalbums.com 185 Paradise Valley Stamp Company, Cornerstamp, Inc.—www.stamp-one.com 169

Rocky Mountain Philatelic Library — http://rmplauctions.org

169, 178

Rubber Stamps —shop.wcp-nm.com

179

Scott A. Shaulis — www.shaulisstamps.com

179

Space Cover Store — www.spacecoverstore.com

179

Stampbay, Inc. — www.stampbay.com

179

Stephen T. Taylor — www.stephentaylor.co.uk

123

Steve Malack Stamps — www.malack.com

111

Sterling Stamp —auction.sterlingstamps.com

103

Suburban Stamp

179

Tropical Stamps, Inc. — www.tropicalstamps.com

178

United States Postal Service — www.USPS.com

173

Universal Philatelic Auctions —www.UPAstampauctions.co.uk 136-137 Vance Auctions Ltd —www.vanceauctions.com

106

Vogt Stamps —www.vogtstamps.com

179

About the Index of Advertisers This index is included to help readers find advertisers included in this edition of The American Philatelist. The support of these dealers and services is very important to the APS and to The AP. Advertising is a privilege of membership and each business represented here is a member in good standing of the Society. Some postal organizations, like the U.S. Postal Service, are not directly members, but are afforded the opportunity to advertise because of their standing, reputation and impact on the hobby. Advertising is open to any member of the American Philatelic Society. For any advertiser that maintains a website, that web 180 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

address is listed with their information above. Additionally, the online version of the journal includes clickable links for each of these companies and individuals. These links make visiting the advertisers’ websites easy and avoids the possibility of mistyping the web address from these listings. As you interact with these advertisers, please tell them you saw their ad in The American Philatelist and let them know that you appreciate their support of the journal and the hobby in general.

Show Time

stampshow@stamps.org

The “Show Time” Calendar features a list of upcoming shows and APS events (shown in green). To obtain a listing, please submit a “Show Time” form, available online at www.stamps.org/ Show-Calendar or by mail from APS headquarters. Information must be received 60 days before desired publication time. The listings are free to World Series of Philately and other shows that are sponsored by an APS chapter or affiliate. Other shows/bourses may purchase listings for the month of the show/ bourse and the month prior only. The listing fee is $25 per show per issue. Shows designated *B* are bourse only. Grand award winners from *WSP* shows (shown in blue) are eligible for the annual APS World Series of Philately Champion of Champions competition. Visit www.stamps.org/ShowCalendar for a complete listing of shows and APS events.

Website: http://www.colopex.com

Pennsylvania

Illinois

February 18

Ohio

February 22

February 1

APS Virtual Course: Pressing Issues: An Introduction to Printing Types, Part 1 American Philatelic Society. *APS* Email: education@stamps.org Website: https://stamps.org/learn/c3a-onlinelearning

Ohio

February 2

Garfield-Perry Stamp Club Virtual Meeting via Zoom, Cleveland. Contact: Ken Nilsestuen Email: nilsestuen@sbcglobal.net Website: www.garfieldperry.org

Texas

February 3

Mid-Cities Stamp Club – Arlington Chapter Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Richard Howell Email: rick.howell1@tx.rr.com Website: http://www.mid-citiesstampclub.com/

Missouri

February 6

Midwest Philatelic Society Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Tomas Greibling Email: tlginkc@yahoo.com Website: http://www.midwestphilatelicsociety. com/

Ohio

February 8

Columbus Philatelic Club Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Walt Bauer Email: wbauer57@gmail.com

182 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

Texas

February 10

Dallas-Park Cities Philatelic Society (DPCPS) Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Stan Bartnikowski Email: president.dpcps@gmail.com Website: http://dallasstamps.org

Michigan

February 13-14

Ferndale Stamp Show Birmingham Stamp Club, Royal Oak Elks Lodge # 1523, 2410 E. Fourth Street, Royal Oak. *B* Contact: Fred Como Email: karate1dad@netscape.net

Pennsylvania

February 15

APS Virtual Course: Pressing Issues: An Introduction to Printing Types, Part 2 American Philatelic Society. *APS* Email: education@stamps.org Website: https://stamps.org/learn/c3a-onlinelearning Chicago Philatelic Society Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Melanie Rogers Email: mrogers93@hotmail.com Website: www.chicagopex.org

Columbus Philatelic Club Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Walt Bauer Email: wbauer57@gmail.com Website: http://www.colopex.com

Texas

February 23

Mid-Cities Stamp Club – Granbury Chapter Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Gary McNamee Email: gmcnamee@sbcglobal.net Website: http://www.mid-citiesstampclub.com/

Texas

February 24

Dallas-Park Cities Philatelic Society (DPCPS) Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Stan Bartnikowski Email: president.dpcps@gmail.com Website: http://dallasstamps.org

Nebraska

February 28

LINPEX 2021 Lincoln Stamp Club, College View Adventist Church, 4801 Prescott Ave, Lincoln. Contact: Dale Niebuhr Email: dale.niebuhr@gmail.com Website: www.lincolnstampclub.org

Pennsylvania

March 1

APS Virtual Course: Pressing Issues: An Intro-

duction to Printing Types, Part 3 American Philatelic Society *APS* Email: education@stamps.org Website: https://stamps.org/learn/c3a-onlinelearning

Ohio

March 2

Texas

March 3

Garfield-Perry Stamp Club Virtual Meeting via Zoom, Cleveland, Ohio. Contact: Ken Nilsestuen Email: nilsestuen@sbcglobal.net Website: www.garfieldperry.org

Mid-Cities Stamp Club – Arlington, TX Chapter Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Richard Howell Email: rick.howell1@tx.rr.com Website: http://www.mid-citiesstampclub.com/

Missouri

March 6

Midwest Philatelic Society Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Tomas Greibling Email: tlginkc@yahoo.com Website: http://www.midwestphilatelicsociety. com/

ATTENTION: The APS Events Calendar (aps.buzz/ Calendar) remains fairly sparse as COVIDrelated restrictions continue, but is regularly updated with cancellations and postponed show dates. We encourage readers to stay updated on the status of future shows. This is an opportunity for stamp clubs to consider how they can gather safely for events and meetings by using video conferencing tools like Zoom or GoToMeeting. To see how the APS is meeting this challenge, visit www.stamps. org/news and check the “Video” tab for recent recordings of APS Stamp Chats and register to attend future Chats. We are happy to offer our expertise and the APS video conferencing platforms to help clubs connect. For more information, please reach out to APS CommunityGrassroots Specialist Heidi LauckhardtRhoades for more information at heidi@ stamps.org.

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Ohio

March 6-7

McKinley Club Stamp Show McKinley Stamp Club of Canton OH, St. George Serbian Orthodox Social Hall, 4667 Applegrove St. NW, North Canton. Contact: Dave Pool Email: lincolnway@sssnet.com Website: http://www.mksc.webs.com

Tennessee

March 6-7

American Innovation KnoxPEx 2021 Knoxville Philatelic Society, Rothchild Catering & Conference Center, 8807 Kingston Pike, Knoxville. Contact: Tom Broadhead Email: broadhea@utk.edu Website: www.knoxstamps.com

Ohio

March 8

Texas

March 10

Dallas-Park Cities Philatelic Society (DPCPS) Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Stan Bartnikowski Email: president.dpcps@gmail.com

March 13-14

Rockford 2-3-4 Stamp Expo

Club, Forest Hilla Lodge, 1601 West Lane Rd, Loves Park. Email: t.wait@comcast.net

Pennsylvania

Scott Catalogue, Part 2

APS Virtual Course: Getting the Most Out of the Scott Catalogue, Part 1 American Philatelic Society. *APS* Email: education@stamps.org Website: https://stamps.org/learn/c3a-onlinelearning

Website: http://www.rockfordstampclub.com

Pennsylvania

March 15

APS Virtual Course: Getting the Most Out of the American Philatelic

Society *APS* Email: education@stamps.org Website: https://stamps.org/learn/c3a-onlinelearning

March 19-21

St. Louis Stamp Expo Area Clubs, St. Louis Renaissance Airport Hotel, 9801 Natural Bridge Rd., St. Louis. *WSP* Contact: Fred Boatwright Email: stampooh@centurylink.net Website: www.stlouisstampexpo.com

Oregon

Contact: Tim Wait

Columbus Philatelic Club Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Walt Bauer Email: wbauer57@gmail.com Website: http:// www.colopex.com

March 8

Rockford Stamp

March 18

Chicago Philatelic Society Chicago Philatelic Society, Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Melanie Rogers Email: mrogers93@hotmail.com Website: www.chicagopex.org

Missouri

Website: http://dallasstamps.org

Illinois

March

Virtual Willamette Valley Stamp Exhibition Greater Eugene Stamp Society and Salem Stamp Society.. Contact: Clarin Lewis, George Struble Email: gstruble@willamette.edu Website: www.salemstampsociety.org/WVExh1. html

Michigan

March 21

MICHIPEX 2021 Michigan Stamp Club, Sokol Cultural Center, 23600 W. Warren Ave, Dearborn Heights. Contact: Richard Chellevold Email: 313-928-0013

Welcome to “Stamp Chats” APS hosts series of live Stamp Chats exploring a variety of aspects of the hobby. We offer a platform for experts and enthusiasts alike to share their expertise and to build community among members and friends around the world. Past presenters have come from all walks of life: teachers, librarians, enthusiastic hobbyists, and world renowned experts. The chats cover topics such as expertizing, freaks and errors, airmail, stamp designers and engravers, the future of philately, collecting worldwide, research, and more. Future presentations will cover collecting topics both specialized and general, with something to appeal to everyone. To register for upcoming Stamp Chats, see aps.buzz/StampChats. Recordings of past Stamp Chats are available at the same link and on Youtube at aps.buzz/Youtube. Your attendance at Stamp Chats, views on our YouTube channel, comments and feedback are all critical to our success. We depend on you, our members, to “tune in” and share these presentations with 184 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

your clubs, friends, and colleagues. In the words of APS Executive Director, Scott English, “there are many doors to the hobby.” We are asking you to hold the door open and invite someone new to a Chat, live or via YouTube.

Ohio

March 22

Illinois

April 15

Email: wbauer57@gmail.com

Chicago Philatelic Society Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Melanie Rogers Email: mrogers93@hotmail.com Website: www.chicagopex.org

Website: http://www.colopex.com

Michigan

Columbus Philatelic Club Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Walt Bauer

Texas

March 23

Mid-Cities Stamp Club – Granbury Chapter Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Gary McNamee Email: gmcnamee@sbcglobal.net Website: http://www.mid-citiesstampclub.com/

Texas

March 24

Dallas-Park Cities Philatelic Society (DPCPS) Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Stan Bartnikowski Email: president.dpcps@gmail.com Website: http://dallasstamps.org

Missouri

April 3

April 17-18

Plymouth Show West Suburban Stamp Club, Hellenic Cultural Center, 36375 Joy Road, Westland. *WSP* Contact: Tim Strzalkowski Email: showchair@plymouthshow.com Website: http://www.plymouthshow.com

Pennsylvania

April 23-24

36th LANCOPEX Stamp Show & Exhibition Philatelic Society of Lancaster County, Farm and Home Center of Lancaster County, 1383 Arcadia Road, Lancaster. Contact: Dr. Charles J. DiComo Email: charlesdicomo@gmail.com Website: https://lcps-stamps.org/

Pennsylvania

April 23-24

Email: tlginkc@yahoo.com

WILKPEX 2021 Wilkinsburg Stamp Club, Gateway Firehall, 4370 Northern Pike, Monroeville. Contact: Tom Donohue Email: wilkinsburgstampclub@yahoo.com Website: http://www.wilkinsburgstampclub. com

Website: http://www.midwestphilatelicsociety.

California

com/

WESTPEX WESTPEX, Inc., San Francisco Airport Marriott Waterfront Hotel, 1800 Old Bayshore Highway, Burlingame. *WSP* Contact: Clyde Homen Email: cjh1491@sbcglobal.net Website: http://www.westpex.com

Midwest Philatelic Society

Virtual Meeting

via Zoom. Contact: Tomas Greibling

Ohio

April 6

Garfield-Perry Stamp Club Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Ken Nilsestuen

Ohio

Email: nilsestuen@sbcglobal.net Website: www.garfieldperry.org

Texas

April 7

Mid-Cities Stamp Club – Arlington, TX Chapter Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Email: rick.howell1@tx.rr.com Website: http://www.mid-citiesstampclub.com/ Garfield-Perry March Party

April 26

Columbus Philatelic Club Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Walt Bauer Email: wbauer57@gmail.com Website: http://www.colopex.com

Texas

Contact: Richard Howell

Ohio

April 23-25

April 9-11 Garfield-Perry

Stamp Club, Holiday Inn Strongsville, 15471 Royalton Rd., Strongsville. *WSP* Contact: Roger Rhoads Email: rrrhoads@aol.com Website: http://www.garfieldperry.org

Ohio

April 12

Columbus Philatelic Club Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Walt Bauer Email: wbauer57@gmail.com Website: http://www.colopex.com

Texas

April 14

Dallas-Park Cities Philatelic Society (DPCPS) Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Stan Bartnikowski Email: president.dpcps@gmail.com Website: http://dallasstamps.org 186 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

April 27

Mid-Cities Stamp Club – Granbury Chapter Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Gary McNamee Email: gmcnamee@sbcglobal.net Website: http://www.mid-citiesstampclub.com/

Texas

May 5

Mid-Cities Stamp Club – Arlington, TX Chapter Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Richard Howell Email: rick.howell1@tx.rr.com Website: http://www.mid-citiesstampclub.com/

Oregon

May 7-9

PIPEX Northwest Federation of Stamp Clubs, The Holiday Inn Portland Airport, 8439 NE Columbia Blvd, Portland. *WSP* Contact: Mark Loomis Email: mmloomis1@gmail.com Website: http://www.pipexstampshow.org

Ohio

May 10

Columbus Philatelic Club Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Walt Bauer Email: wbauer57@gmail.com Website: http://www.colopex.com

Texas

May 12

Dallas-Park Cities Philatelic Society (DPCPS) Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Stan Bartnikowski Email: president.dpcps@gmail.com Website: http://dallasstamps.org

Illinois

May 20

Chicago Philatelic Society Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Melanie Rogers Email: mrogers93@hotmail.com Website: www.chicagopex.org

Ohio

May 24

Columbus Philatelic Club Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Walt Bauer Email: wbauer57@gmail.com Website: http://www.colopex.com

Texas

May 25

Mid-Cities Stamp Club – Granbury Chapter Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Gary McNamee Email: gmcnamee@sbcglobal.net Website: http://www.mid-citiesstampclub.com/

Welcome New APS Dealers

April 30-May 2

Philatelic Show Northeastern Fed. Of Stamp Clubs, Boxboro Regency Hotel & Conference Center, 242 Adams Place, Boxborough. *WSP* Contact: David Ball and Mark Butterline Email: david.ball@philatelicshow.org; mark. butterline@philatelicshow.org Website: http://www.PhilatelicShow.org

Missouri

May 4

Garfield-Perry Stamp Club Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Ken Nilsestuen Email: nilsestuen@sbcglobal.net Website: www.garfieldperry.org

April 28

Dallas-Park Cities Philatelic Society (DPCPS) Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Stan Bartnikowski Email: president.dpcps@gmail.com Website: http://dallasstamps.org

Massachusetts

Ohio

May 1

Midwest Philatelic Society Virtual Meeting via Zoom. Contact: Tomas Greibling Email: tlginkc@yahoo.com Website: http://www.midwestphilatelicsociety. com/

The health of philatelic markets is of significant interest for the APS. One indication of this health is the number of new stamp dealers entering the marketplace. As the Membership Report details on page 171, this month the APS welcomed five new dealers to APS membership: Bryan Buchan, Alan Bush, Great Britain Stamps & Covers, Lubelski Philatelic LLC, and Match and Medicine and More. To learn more about the new APS dealer members, go to https://stamps. org/dealers.

Books & Catalogs BY Gary Wayne Loew gary@stamps.org

19th Century American Genre Paintings: Reading Newspapers in Tavern Post Offices by Diane DeBlois and Robert Dalton Harris. 36 pages, 8.5 x 11 inches, full color, published by La Posta Publications, September 2020. Available from La Posta Publications, PO Box 6074 Fredericksburg, VA, from lapostapub.com, and from aps.buzz/books. Professor René Boux taught an art history seminar in the 1960s. One of my favorite assignments was a field trip we took to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. We were told to purchase a postcard illustrating a painting that we liked, then to sit before the real painting and write about the two artifacts. There were no other instructions. Each art student took their own path. We – each of us – learned about art, printing, context, deconstruction. Mostly we learned the difference between looking and seeing. This latter lesson has held me in good stead as a postal historian. And that lesson is recapitulated in the latest publication from Diane DeBlois and Robert Dalton Harris. Authors DeBlois and Harris are well known to members for their many contributions to APS periodicals and activities. Many of us are especially fond of the Summer Seminar courses they’ve offered over the years. Their vision of postal

history broadly encompasses many categories of ephemera and other historical artifacts. Philatelic students have extended their understanding of postal history’s role courtesy of Diane and Robert’s numerous publications. This recent La Posta monograph is another fine example. The Founding Fathers recognized the centrality of postal services to the success of the new nation. Indeed, they installed a mandate for a national, governmentally-managed post office early in the Constitution itself. One reason for this mandate was that a united confederation of states required the swift and economical distribution of newspapers. As Richard R. John so eloquently confirmed in his masterful 1995 book, Spreading the News – The American Postal System from Franklin to Morse, the growing communities that were the heart of our inward and westward expansion all depended upon newspapers to maintain a sense of unity with the original 13 states. And newspapers depended upon the post office for the efficient (and often free) delivery of their publications. A traditional depiction of the role played by newspapers in American communities is seen on the cover of this monograph. William Sidney Mount’s 1850 painting “California News” is one of three paintings that DeBlois & Harris use to communicate their thesis. Reading newspapers was a community activity. And the arrival of the latest newspaper was, in itself, important local news. The other two paintings the authors analyze are John Lewis Krimmel’s 1813 oil, “In an FEBRUARY 2021 AMERICAN PHILATELIST 187

American Inn/Village Tavern” and “War News From Mexico” painted in 1848 by Richard Caton Woodville. For each painting, the authors’ approach is consistent. They provide a historical context for the painting and discuss the painting’s origins. They illustrate contemporary ephemera, including broadsides, magazines, and maps. They include photographs of historical locations that add to the reader’s understanding of the site of the paintings. From an art analysis perspective, the authors use two traditional techniques. There are closeups of selected elements from the paintings. Details emerge that are not evident when viewing the entire painting as a whole. This facilitates discussion of the nuances that the artist embedded in the painting. Why was an individual dressed as they were? What does that person’s expression or gesture suggest? The other technique is the inclusion of artists’ studies that

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188 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

were prepared in advance of (or during the development of) the painting. The authors point out how the paintings evolved from the initial studies to the final product. This brings to my mind how philatelists examine the initial design studies of postage stamps. The authors’ analytical approach can serve as a model for our own studies. Why, you might ask, should a philatelist find relevance in this art monograph? One important reason is that DeBlois and Harris have created a paradigm for the deconstruction and analysis of ephemeral objects. Every postal historian can improve their ability to scrutinize covers by applying the methods demonstrated here. Philatelic research must start with “a good hard look” at the object being studied. Seeing, rather than merely looking. The other important reason to own this classy and helpful volume is found in the endnotes. To me, these endnotes lay out the analytical construct that the authors employed in guiding and focusing their research. Take a wide look, and these notes can almost appear as a research map or schematic. But the endnotes also contain a veritable inventory of non-philatelic sources that can broaden any philatelist’s scope of research. Study these sources and then generalize from the authors’ topic to your current research project. I am certain you will identify new and helpful research resources. And a final reason to own 19th Century American Genre Paintings: this is simply a gorgeously-illustrated publication. A joy to read when either looking or seeing.

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New World Issues BY William Silvester

AUSTRALIA – Christmas

Australia Post’s 2020 Christmas issue was divided into two parts consisting of three secular and two religious stamps. Issued on October 30, the five stamps were issued in two denominations, a wreath and a gift-filled stocking for two of the domestic secular 65c values, as well as a $2.20 featuring a Christmas pudding for the international secular value all of which incorporate Australia flora. A scene showing Mary and Child graces the 65c religious stamp and the Holy Family of Mary, Joseph and Jesus are seen on the $2.20 denomination, designed by the celebrated sculptor and artist, Leopoldine Mimovich. These seasonal stamps are available from http://aps. buzz/AustraliaFeb21.

CANADA – Celebrate Hanukkah

The eight-day Festival of Lights was commemorated with a single stamp presented in a domestic rate selfadhesive booklet of 10 on November 5, 2020. The Hanukkah stamp features a fully illuminated menorah or hanukkiyah, with eight candles commemorating the rededication of the Second Temple of Jerusalem c.165 BC. According to tradition the menorah of the temple was to burn continuously but there was not enough oil on hand for more than one day. Still the fuel lasted for a full eight days, long enough for more oil to be harvested and processed to keep the menorah lit. The stamp is available online from Canada Post at http://aps.buzz/ CanadaFeb21.

FINLAND - U.N. Literacy Day

To promote tolerance, equality and understanding through literacy, Finland issued a self-adhesive sheetlet of four stamps on September 2, 2020, United Nations International Literacy Day. The graphic designs on the four stamps were created by Ilkka Kärkkäinen and show designs consisting of letters and other characters promoting empathy, well being and critical thinking fostered by the promotion of literacy. In the top corner of each stamp is a tiny map of Finland, representative of the domestic perpetual or forever mark. The sheetlet is available from http://aps.buzz/FinlandFeb21.

GREAT BRITAIN – Pollinating Insects

Britain salutes its diverse range of pollinating insects with three vertically se-tenant pairs of beautifully illustrated stamps by wildlife artist Richard Lewington. The first of the two 1st Class values features the Common carder bee (Bombus pascuorom) feeding on the flower of a large blue pea while the second shows a Painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui) on a thistle. Two £1.45 stamps depict a wasp-mimicking Longhorn beetle (Rutpela maculata) on a hawthorn flower and an Elephant hawk-moth (Deilephila elpenor) attending a honeysuckle. A Marmalade hoverfly (Episyrphus balteatus) on oilseed rape and a Ruby-tailed wasp (Chrysis ignita agg) feeding on angelica are shown on the two £1.70 stamps. These colorful insects are available online from http://aps.buzz/BritainFeb21.

190 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

SOUTH KOREA 100th Anniversary of the Battle of Cheongsan-ri

A newspaper account from December 25, 1920, detailing the victory at the Battle of Cheongsan-ri, “fought over six days in October 1920 between the Imperial Japanese Army and Korean armed groups in a densely wooded region of eastern Manchuria” forms the background of this stamp marking the 100th anniversary of the largest battle the Korean Independence Army won against Japan. The image on the left is by Professor Kim Tae, a Western painter who taught at Seoul National University, depicting Korea soldiers carrying their national flag into battle. Issued in a sheetlet of 16, the stamps are available from October 21, 2020, from http://aps.buzz/SKoreaFeb21.

MONACO – 2020 Olympic Games

Though the games of the XXXII Olympiad were postponed due to COVID-19, a number of countries have gone ahead with plans to issue commemorative stamps for the occasion. Monaco was one of these, issuing a single stamp on November 3, 2020, with the dates of the rescheduled games inscribed on the bottom left. A number of venues from the 1964 games will be reused as well as a new Olympic Stadium. The symbols on the stamp represent the eight disciplines in which athletes from Monaco will participate: athletics, artistic gymnastics, boxing, judo, rowing, swimming, tennis and table tennis. The 1,40€ stamp is available from http://aps.buzz/MonacoFeb21.

NEW ZEALAND – Year of the Ox

The Year of the Metal Ox will be one of hard work, determination, and rebuilding after the chaotic year of the Metal Rat in 2020. New Zealand Post issued a set of four stamps designed by Ying Chu, inspired by the Chinese Nianhua woodblock printed poster tradition. The ox and child on the $1.40 value represent determination and happiness, while the $2.70 denomination depicts an ox and children in a New Year procession signifying the year ahead and new beginnings. A child flying an ox-shaped kite on the $3.50 stamp represents hard work and prosperity; on the $4 value, a child and an ox share an apple symbolizing peace. The set of stamps, miniature sheet, first day cover and presentation pack are available online from http://aps.buzz/NewZealandFeb21.

PORTUGAL – Hope For The Future

The entire world was shocked by the coronavirus pandemic. Everyone was subjected to shuttered stores, empty streets, canceled flights, lost jobs and closed schools. Hand washing, mask wearing and physical distancing all became essential norms. As well as hardships, these have also brought out reinvention, regeneration and signs of hope that together we can defeat this scourge. Correos de Portugal decided to use a stamp issue “to show that hope in the future is indispensable and that it is hope that will help us overcome this crisis.” The souvenir sheet has an insert made from graphene and an engraving of the 1951 poem “Contagion” by Dr. Miguel Torga. The souvenir sheet can be ordered online from http://aps.buzz/PortugalFeb21.

RUSSIA – New Year

The design of the 2020 Russian New Year stamp and unstamped postcards was based on a submission by Svetlana Kirgizova from Irkutsk, the winner of the “All-Russian drawing competition” of New Year and Christmas postage stamps and greeting cards. The contest was open to all 18 and over citizens of the Russian Federation, amateur, professional artists and art students alike. Issued on December 3, 2020, the image shows Father Frost with his magic book watching as people celebrate the upcoming year. The 23 ruble stamp is available online from http://aps.buzz/RussiaFeb21.

• • • • •

New worldwide stamps are presented for information and are not necessarily shown at the correct scale. The quality of images available at the time of release varies widely and we resize to achieve the best possible reproduction. FEBRUARY 2021 / AMERICAN PHILATELIST 191

Worldwide in a Nutshell BY BOB LAMB • AP Columnist

Diego Suarez, Nossi Be, Ste Marie de Madagascar

Status: French Dependencies on Madagascar Currency: 100 centimes = 1 Franc

Diego Suarez Nossi Be

NORTHERN MADAGASCAR

Ste Marie de Madagascar

adagascar, the world’s fourth largest island, is characterized by rugged terrain and dense jungles. It did not have a central government until the 19th century. In 1890, the British and French agreed to French primacy in Madagascar, in exchange for British primacy in Zanzibar. Madagascar was officially annexed by France in 1896. Prior to that, France controlled three enclaves on the island which had their own post offices and issued postage stamps: Ste Marie, Nossi Be and Diego Suarez. Ste Marie de Madagascar, a pleasant island of 351 sq. miles about 16 miles off Madagascar’s east coast, was discovered by a Portuguese navigator in 1506. Located close to major Indian Ocean shipping lanes, it became a popular haven for pirates in the 17th century. When piracy was suppressed, many remained on the island. In 1750 a former pirate married the daughter of the local king. As a wedding gift, the king ceded the island to France on July 30, 1750. Ste Marie became a colony around 1820. It was attached to the government of Mayotte until 1896 when it was transferred to Madagascar. Its first post office was opened October 18, 1882. Initially the office used French Colonies stamps. Diego Suarez stamps were used for a couple of months before its definitives arrived in 1894. Ste Marie stamps were replaced by those of Madagascar in 1896. The remainders were burned in 1903. The 1860 census placed the island’s population at 6,900. Nossi Be (also, Nossi Bé and Nosy Be) is a volcanic island of 151 sq. miles, off the northwest coast of Madagascar. In 1839, the French sent an expedition into the area to find a coaling station to replace Mauritius, which had been taken by the British in 1810. The expedition, impressed with its excellent anchorage, selected Nossi Be. The French took possession in 1840. Administratively the island was under a military commandant subordinate to the Governor of Mayotte. The first post office was opened in 1864. French Colonies stamps were used until 1889, when a number of French Colonies stamps were overprinted “N S B” for use on the island. In 1894, 13 definitives of the Navigation and Commerce series inscribed “Nossi-Be” were placed on sale. The island became an important commercial center with an estimated population of 15,000 in 1865. Diego Suarez is an important bay in northern Madagascar, discovered in 1543 by the Portuguese explorer Diego Suarez. The French wanted a protectorate in northern Madagascar and to acquire the port for its shipping. After a two-year military campaign, the Queen ceded the bay to the French as a protectorate on December 17, 1885. She also confirmed French control of Nossi Bé and Ste Marie. Diego Suarez was administered as a separate colony until January 28, 1896, when it was incorporated into Madagascar. A French post office was opened in 1884. It used French Colonies stamps until 1890, when the first four locally printed Diego Suarez stamps were placed on sale. Examples provided courtesy of Ed Grabowski and the APS Reference Collection. 192 AMERICAN PHILATELIST / FEBRUARY 2021

Your Source for Philatelic Research Join the American Philatelic Research Library

Subscribe to the Philatelic Literature Review

Become a Library Member Already an APS member? Consider adding to your membership and supporting the APRL by subscribing to the Philatelic Literature Review, the quarterly journal of the American Philatelic Research Library, or by becoming a library member. Annual subscriptions are available and certain library memberships include lifetime journal subscriptions. Each issue of the Philatelic Literature Review includes: l Articles exploring the latest in philatelic research

l Reviews of the latest philatelic literature

l Announcements of recent philatelic publications

l New resources added to the APRL collection

l Columns from APRL President and Library Director

l News from other worldwide philatelic libraries

l Clearinghouse for members to list literature for sale

l And much, much more…

l Ads from the world’s leading philatelic book dealers For only $18 for U.S subscribers, your annual subscription includes four issues of the journal and supports the mission and services of the APRL. Other subscription rates are available for Canadian ($23) and international subscribers ($30). Library memberships include annual and lifetime journal subscriptions. To subscribe or for more information visit aps.buzz/PLR and click on the Subscribe Now! link in the Subscribe to the Philatelic Literature Review section of the library webpage or contact the library at library@stamps.org.

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We Want To Visit!!

We Want To Buy!!

HAVE TONGS, WILL TRAVEL!! “SELLING A STAMP COLLECTION SHOULD BE A REWARDING EXPERIENCE.” The “BEST SALE” is when the buyer will personally visit your city and view your collection. The dealers listed will travel to “any city” to view appropriate holdings.

UNFORTUNATELY many collections in the $2,000 to $20,000 range do not economically justify the time and expense for a professional buyer to travel long distances to personally view your collection.

IF YOU LIVE IN:

WE OFFER A SOLUTION: Each dealer listed has

designated a state, and region, he will make every effort to personally visit. Contact that dealer direct and discuss your collection and options. If your state is not listed, contact the closest dealer, or a dealer of your choice.

YOUR GUARANTEE: While each dealer listed

is an independently owned business, all are members of either the ASDA or the APS (most are both), insuring fairness and integrity in purchasing your collection.

WRITE OR CALL:

IF YOU LIVE IN:

WRITE OR CALL:

Ohio, Michigan, Randy Scholl Stamp Co. Kentucky, Indiana, 7460 Jager Court Tennessee, West Virginia, Cincinnati, OH 45230 Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Phone: 513-624-6800 New York, or Ontario randyscholl@fuse.net New England randyschollstampcompany.com

North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, or Virginia:

PRM Enterprises, Inc. Randall T. Scribner 10700 Hickory Ridge Rd. Harrisburg, NC 28075 Phone: (704) 575-2795 scrib1@yahoo.com Coins also wanted

Wisconsin, Dr. Robert Friedman & Sons Northern Florida, Phone: 800-588-8100 Southern Florida, Fax: 630-985-1588 or Texas: drbobstamps@comcast.net www.drbobfriedmanstamps.com Coins also wanted. Newport Harbor Stamp Co. P.O. Box 3364 Newport Beach, CA 92659 Phone: 800-722-1022 (Dave) newportharborstamps@gmail.com

California, Nevada, Arizona, Oregon, or Washington:

Illinois, Iowa, Coins, Stamps ’N Stuff LLC Minnesota, Kansas, Jerry & Barb Koepp Nebraska, South/ 8190 Hickman Road North Dakota, Des Moines, IA 50325-4405 Missouri, New Mexico, Phone: 515-331-4307 Arkansas, or Colorado: Orders: 847-778-5519 Fax: 515-331-2527