Test Bank for Drugs, Society, and Human Behavior 18th Edition by Hart Chapter 1-18
Answers are at the End of Each Chapter
Chapter 1 Student name:__________ 1) One of the general principles of psychoactive drugs is that every drug has_________. A) effects on the heart B) impurities C) multiple effects D) a key to some part of the mind
2) One of the general principles of psychoactive drug use is that the effect of any psychoactive drug depends on_________. A) the individual's history and expectations B) its legal status C) the user's diet D) the user's unique brain chemistry
3) Methamphetamine, crack cocaine, and ecstasy was given as examples of media reports on A) the "drug du jour." B) laissez-faire. C) drugs that are always "bad drugs." D) drug use by celebrities.
4) One of the general principles of psychoactive drug use is that A) all psychoactive drugs should be banned. B) most people are unable to control their own drug use. C) every drug has an opposite drug that can counteract it. D) drugs, per se, are not good or bad.
5) One of the first drugs used by a typical drug user is called a(n)_________ drug. A) reinforcing B) illicit C) gateway D) analgesic
6) Drug use that is not common within a social group and that is disapproved of by the majority, causing members of a group to take corrective action when it occurs is A) deviant drug use. B) drug misuse. C) drug abuse. D) illicit drug abuse.
7) A drug that is unlawful to possess or use is defined in the text as A) an illicit drug. B) a narcotic. C) an addictive drug. D) an abused drug.
8) _________ generally refers to the use of prescribed drugs in greater amounts than, or for purposes other than, those prescribed by a health care professional such as a physician. A) Drug abuse B) Drug dependence C) Deviant drug use D) Drug misuse
9) According to the Monitoring the Future Project at the University of Michigan, which of the following drugs is least reported to be ever used by college students? A) cocaine B) amphetamines C) heroin D) hallucinogens
10) Suppose a person is prescribed opioid medication (similar to heroin) to treat a painful injury. But after her injury heals, she takes the drug primarily to feel euphoria. Based on this information alone, what term would you use to describe her drug use? A) drug dependence B) deviant drug use C) drug abuse D) drug misuse
11) Drugs have played a significant role in human society A) for about the past 100 years. B) only since the 1960s. C) for thousands of years. D) only in Europe and North America.
12) In the past 100 years, the introduction of vaccines to prevent diseases and antibiotics to cure some types of infections laid the foundation for A) illicit drug markets. B) our acceptance of medicines as the cornerstone of our health care system. C) many dangerous drug interactions. D) the "war on drugs."
13) Which of the following is a limitation of the survey questionnaire studies on drug use among adolescents and young adults? A) The sample sizes used for research studies are too small. B) This technique can be used only on students who are in classrooms. C) The researchers who conduct these studies tend to be biased. D) The results do not reflect trends in drug use over time due to fluctuating tendencies to overreport or underreport drug use.
14) Despite the limitations of survey questionnaires, they can be especially informative A) if they are done year after year because we can then look for changes over time. B) about use among those who are not included in the survey. C) about alcohol use because it is not illegal. D) about the misuse of prescription drugs.
15) Factors that are correlated with an increased likelihood of drug use are known as A) causal factors. B) drug profiles. C) risk factors. D) weaknesses.
16) Factors that are correlated with a decreased likelihood of drug use are known as A) antecedents. B) gender and age. C) deviates. D) protective factors.
17) One of the most important risk factors for drug use is A) having friends who use marijuana or other substances. B) being heavily involved in extracurricular activities. C) having lots of money. D) believing that your parents are a source of social support.
18) One of the most important protective factors for drug use is A) having to work for your spending money. B) having been punished for fighting. C) knowing adults who use drugs. D) believing that there are strong sanctions against substance use at school.
19) One very consistent finding is that students who report_________ are less likely to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, or use any type of illicit drug than other students. A) having high self-esteem B) being well-off financially C) having more involvement with religion D) having lots of friends
20) According to results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which of these ethnic groups reports the highest rate of use of alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine? A) White B) African American C) Hispanic D) Asian
21) Compared to young adults who finished high school only, those with college degrees A) are more likely to use cocaine. B) are much more likely to drink alcohol and much less likely to use tobacco. C) are more likely to smoke marijuana. D) report similar rates of use of most substances.
22) Which of the following statements is true of the relationships between substance use and various indicators of individual differences in personality variables? A) Large-scale survey studies of substance use in the general population have strong correlations with most traditional personality traits. B) Correlational studies of long-term substance use among young adults have shown a strong link between poor academic performances and substance use. C) Various ways of measuring a factor called impulsivity can be correlated with rates of substance use in the general population. D) Personality factors play a big role in whether someone decides to try alcohol or marijuana but a small role in whether that use develops into a serious problem.
23) Which of the following statements defines the term "antecedents"? A) They are characteristics that predict the later initiation of drug use. B) They are variables that are statistically related to some other variables, such as drug use. C) They are substances that cause one to escalate to more deviant forms of drug use. D) They are those forms of drug use that are not considered either normal or acceptable by the society at large.
24) In one study, adolescents who smoked cigarettes were about twice as likely as nonsmokers to later use marijuana. For this reason, cigarettes have been referred to as A) addicting. B) a gateway substance. C) toxic. D) a correlate.
25) In the context of drug use, which of the following statements is true of gateway substances? A) The order of use of gateway substances determines the rate of deterioration of dopamine neurons in the mesolimbic pathway in the brain. B) Most people who use gateway substances go on to become cocaine users. C) Their use is the cause of later illicit drug use among young people and school students. D) Their use is an early indicator of the basic pattern of deviant behavior resulting from a variety of psychosocial risk factors.