Solution and Answer Guide: Marotz, Developmental Profiles: Pre-Birth Through Adolescence, 2023, 9780357625026; Chapter 1: Child Development Theories and Data Gathering
Solution and Answer Guide Marotz, Developmental Profiles: Pre-Birth Through Adolescence, 2023, 9780357625026; Chapter 1: Child Development Theories and Data Gathering
Table of Contents Content Type ..................................................................................................................... 1 What Do You See? ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Case Study Connections ............................................................................................................................ 1 Student Activities ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Review Questions ...................................................................................................................................... 2
Content Type What Do You See?
Development as a biological manifestation. Every child differs in terms of genetic makeup and daily
experiences. How would Arnold Gesell explain any differences in the way these two children perform on this counting task? Answers may vary: Gesell believed that children‘s development is governed by genes and the maturational process. He suggested that development is the same for all children and occurs in sequences as the nervous system (e.g., brain, nerves, spinal column) matures. Thus, Gesell would attribute any differences in the rate of the children‘s skill acquisition to the interactions of genetics and maturation.
Observing children in naturalistic environments. Teachers have many available options to use for
assessing children‘s development. What developmental skills is the teacher in this photo able to evaluate? What advantages does observing children in a classroom setting offer over conducting a formal assessment? Answers may vary: Authentic assessment (conducted in the classroom) is more likely to produce a comprehensive, realistic overview of the child‘s functioning and reduce the potential for bias. Formal testing creates a situation in which children may not cooperate or perform to their full ability.
Case Study Connections
Review the developmental sketch at the beginning of this chapter. 1. What conditions or circumstances may have influenced Tucker‘s developmental progress to date? Explain your answer based on the theories described in this chapter. Answers may vary: Researchers have demonstrated that growing up in an impoverished environment can have negative and long-lasting effects on children‘s development. Bronfenbrenner believed that environment is primarily responsible for shaping a child‘s development, although others (e.g., Vygotsky, Piaget) also acknowledged its influential effects. In Tucker‘s case, it is unclear whether the neglect that prompted his initial foster placement was due to poor diet, unsafe or unclean living conditions, psychological trauma, or a combination of these factors. Failure to satisfy any of a child‘s essential needs (Maslow) can have detrimental effects on all aspects of growth and development due to their interrelated nature. For example, voids in meeting Tucker‘s early psychological needs may continue to have a negative effect on his physical growth (e.g., thinness,
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