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riminal Cases, 2nd Edition

by Th~ Honollrab~ Rog~r E. a/hany

his work is a srraighrforward guide to rhe often confusing rules and exceprions of criminal evidence. The aurhor clearly ex plain rhe fundamental principles of evidence and rei ares rhem to rhe criminal rrial press. The book is divided into rhree co nveni ent pans examining: Admissibility of evidence Excluded evidence Proof of rrial The key Supreme oun and oun of Appeal decisions are analY-Led for rheir impa r on rhe evidentiary issues arising in riminal case. Thi handy reference i organiz.ed for quick access with a table of co ntent at rhe beginning of each chaprer.

t B : 0- 59-5526-7 1 hardcover 1 March 19921 120 pp.

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A Guide to Police Writing, 2nd Edition by Karen Jakob

his pocket-siz.e book is de igned to help police officers and law enforcement students develop good wriring skills for rhe prepararion of police reports and memo , and in note taking. Ir provides a pracrical approach to the fundam ental rules of wriring which must be understood in order to communicare effecrively in investigation and pro ecurion work. The second edirion has been expanded to include the laresr requirements for documentarion formar and a srep-by-srep explanarion of rhe process of wriring essays and re earch papers for training courses and professional development. ISB : 0-459-35921 -51 softcover 1 199 1 1230 pp. $ 16.95 (+ G T) The Law of Traffic Offences

by Scott C. Hutchison and John C. Marko T h e Poli e Manual of Arrest, Seizure and Interrogation, 5th dition

by 77]( Honollrab/~ Rogrr E. a/hany

his edirion surveys rhe impact of the haner on the police powers of arrest, search and interrogation and exami ne rhe rece nt upreme oun of anada pronouncements affecring police authority in rhese imponant areas. Updated guidan e is provided on rhe sratus and liability of police, rhe process and consequences of arre t, procedures for obtaining execuring a earch warrant and pro edures for raki ng sratements. B : 0- 59-35 7 1-' 1 hardcover 1 199 1 1230 pp.

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his is a comprehensive survey of rhe law relaring to Ontario traffic offences and the procedural law applying to rhei r pro ecurion and defence. eparare chaprers examine: • procedure in traffic cases · basic evidence · speeding · careless d rivi ng · commo n offences and defences · demerir point sysrem in Ontario · sentencing. Special features include: a chan serring our the progre of a provincial offence from laying of a charge to final appeal; appendices containing important regulatory provisions and rules of coun; a complere Ii ting of Traffic Court addresses in Ontario. ISB : 0-459-3305 1-9 1 hardcover 1 1989/338 pp. $58 (+ GST)

A Guide to Pathological Evidence for Lawyers and Police ffi cer , 3 rd Edition

The Examination of Witnesses in Criminal Cases, 2nd Edition

by Earl}. Ltry, Q. C.

by Fr~dtrick A. Jaffi

his work outlines rhe nature and scope of rhe pathological inve rigarion and rhe parhologisr's role in today's ourtroom. It provides a framework of forensic parhology and provides guidance on the iss ues which are common ly dispured in both civil and cri minal rrial . The author provide informarion to facilirare rhe examination and cross-examination of parhologists. He examine the scope and the limitarion of the po rmortem examinarion. ontains usefu l fearure in luding: • a chaprer on dearh in rhe hospital • an expanded secrion on child abu e • a secrion examining variou Ii it and illicit meer drugs in dearh • photographic illu trations, charrs, diagrams and a glossary of rerms.

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his fully revised 2nd edirion of thi popular work has all rhe informarion necessary to keep advocacy skills razor sharp. It contains rhese viral new fearures: • a new chapter on hearsay evidence derailing the general rule and the exceptions · crucial new case law including upreme Court of anada decisions affecring the admissibility of evidence and expert restimony • new secrions on special witness prepararion • over 10 new transcripts of examinations-in-chief and cross-examinations illustrating the do's and don 'ts of such examinations · a new section on the order of cross-examinarion when more than one defence counsel is involved. ISBN: 0-459-35221 -X 1 hardcover 1 May 1991 1389 pp.

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FEATURES Cover Story Commentary: Dead Cops The Forgotten Heroes Ten Year Success Story Female Officers Vote To Carry Night Sticks Upcoming Events AFIS Part 2: Number 1,000 Was A Big Hit New Fingerprint Technology Does Away With Roller Criminal Profiling Now Available In Canada C.A.C.P. Show Guide Section Roor Plan and Exhibitor List Trade Show Exhibitor's Profile Classified Squad Provides Training For Sexual Assault Policing Principles Part 5 - Core Values: Chris Braiden Blue Line Alert! The Use Of Force: Robert Hotston Its What You Don't Say That's Important Bicycle Patrol Part 2 - Dynamic Arrest Techniques Mechanisms of Failure: Responding to needs Neil Thompson Letters To The Editor

3 5 6 8 9 12 14 16 17 19 23 28 29 30 31 32 33 37 38 38

NEWS Police Assists Merchants Preventing Cheque Fraud B.C. Survey Reveals Alcohol A Big Factor In Water Deaths A History of The Criminal Code British Police Use Scarecrow Tactics Cop Saved By Vest As Shooter Gets 14 Years

10 10 10 11 11

CASE LAW Keeping Cheque Is Theft Says Supreme Court Gratification Not A Requirement For Sex Assault Conviction Women Injured By Police Car Win Over $20,000 Damages

Out 01. The Blue

34 34 35

By David Bluestein & Morley Lymbumer Police To Use More Humane Methods To Deal With Offenders -FANrASYLAND-Thegovenunenthasgiven """.,.... "... approval to police for the experimental use of pepper sprays and other non-lethal products to deal with violent offenders. The move is seen to be a more humane method of dealing with offenders who may be armed with weapons other than guns. The move toward the use of such products was spurred on by the revelation that police officers in the province are not taught to shoot weapons out of the hands of offenders. The Police Servioes Board was honified to find that officers were actua1Jy taught to kill people who were trying to kill thern. One member of the Police Services Board was quoted as saying, "this new regulation is a majorvictory fon ts!" She declined to say whom

the victor or the vanquished are.

Summer, 1992

Quite a setting for the 87th Convention of the Canadian Association ofChiefs of Police. Constable Brian Fox and Chris Preston show off some of the new and innovative equipment in use by the Victoria City Police Department And there is no better setting than the grounds of the British Columbia Legislature. In this month's issue we present a view of the Victoria Police Department through the eyes and camera lens of Gary Green_ Incorporated as a city in 1862 Victoria has a history as colourful as its present In 1868 it became the capital ofthe colony of British Columbia and remained so after the Colony became a province of Canada in 1871. Due to its strong British heritage and loyalty the city has held its Victorian era charm in spite of the presence of the United States on the south side of the Straight of Juan de Fuca. Today the greater Victoria area is home to over 275,000 people and is an important sea port and west coast tourist attraction. Victoria is certainly an excellent choice for a convention site. This issue will give you a profile on the companies who will be displaying their products at the CACP Trade Show along with contact numbers in case you can't make it to the show. We hope you enjoy this issue and we look forward to presenting you with our next issue of Blue Line Magazine in September. Have a great summer!

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Vol. 4 No.6 - Summer 1992 - EDITOR I PUBLISHER Morley S. Lymburner Phone (416) 640-3048 FAX (416) 640-7547

Commentary: Christie Blatchford (Toronto Sun Syndicate) Dead Cops The Forgotten Heroes

- Contributing Editors Weapons & Tactics

James Dalueg Survival Tactics Craig Best Anvnunition & Firearms

Dave Langstroth Supervisory Principles Robert Hotston Peer Counselling Neil V. Thompson

- ADVERTISING Allan W . Stiver (Toronto) Phone (416) 294-5502

FAX (416) 294-8952

Ron Ganton (Vancouver) Phone (604) .274-3849

FAX (604) 274-9091

- CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Chris Braiden Geoff Cates Craig Best Andrew Smith Neil Thompson Morley Lymbumer -ILLUSTRATION Tony MacKinnon Bette Clark Dave Sills Dave Bluestein BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Mary K. Lymburner, M.Ed. BJue LlDe Magulne is published monthly, Septemberto June, by Blue Une Magazine Incorporated with • mailing ad· dress of UA - ..981 H...,.. 7 East, Ste. ZS4, Markham, Ontario, L3R INt. Editotial and copy;' considered to be completely separate from advertising sales. No commitment for editorial coverage can fotm any part of. sale agreement. AU articles are protected by copyright No part of this publication may be reproduced or ttanmUttedinany form orby anymeOM, electronic otmechani· cal, includlngpbotocopying and reeordlng or by anyinformation storage or retrieval system without pennissiml from 1M publisher. The authors, advisors and publisher accept no liability whatsoever forany Injw:iesto persons orpropertyresulling from the application or adoption oCany of the procedures, tactics or considerations presented. in this magazine. Readers are cau· tioned and advised that article. presented herein are edited and supplied for your personal .warenessand shouldnot be used for further action until appropriate advice and guidance is received from. supeIVisor or Crown Attorney. Blue Line Meguine is an independant publication de· signed to entertain, educate and upgn!de the skills of 1Ilo$O involved in the lew enforcement profession. It has no direct control from a lew enforcement agency and its opinions and articlesdQnotnecessarilyreflecttheopinionsofanygovemment orpetieeagency. BlueUneMoeuJnels prlD"'dInC"""da by ProArt Grapbles Limited.

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Summer, 1992

It all seemed so chummy at the Metro Toronto Police Services Board - the members nodding like little dolls; Alan Tonks saying repeatedly, " We ' re not that far apart;" the chief and other senior officers sitting stone-faced, prisoners of protocol, unable to stop the freight train that is Susan Eng. The board okayed most of a new set of guidelines that will make it more difficult for police officers to justify using their guns - not to actually use them, mind you, just to explain why they did. Such is the nature of modem policing, what many call " Monday-morning quarterbacking." And in fact, but for a couple of points, the new guidelines are not that different from the rules that Metro Police already play by. (The exceptions are not unimportant, in that they attempt to supersede the Criminal Code by narrowing when police can shoot after " fleeing felons," and eX1>ressly forbid the use of guns against anyone " only committing... a property offence. " ) But for the most part, the new rules simply put into different fonn the principle that police use force only as a " last resort. ' , There is nothing in this new barrage of paper to offend the good police officer. What does, I suspect, give offence are the assumptions that underlie the entire discussion and which seem, to preoccupy Eng and her board., They are: Metro Police are guilty of using excessive force (why else the need for more regulation?); the various police watchdogs are not vigilant enough (why else the call, met with grinning approval by most ofthe board, for yet another watchdog, this one to routinely audit the force ' s policies?); the police are not to be trusted (why else the concern Metro would use aerosol pepper spray, if so equipped, as an instrument of torture?) The reception given two deputants at a Commission meeting tell the story. Both Alan Borovoy of the Canadian Civil Liberties Association and Dr. Yaquoob Ehan of the Muslim Community Infonnation

Services - were treated politely, but the board found Borovoy' s proposal interesting enough to refer on, and several members asked questions. Khan was merely thanked. Borovoy talked aboutthe " survey" his association did this year. The association interviewed 114 people, all facing criminal charges. They were promised anonymity and asked ifthey had been badly treated by police. It is hardly surprising, in my cynical view, that 44 replied in the affinnative. Yet Borovoy, for all intents and purposes, took the accused at their word, and used their tales to support his argument that racism and excessive force are " not an isolated phenomenon" and his pitch for a new watchdog. Khan spoke in support of the force. Then he read aloud 16 names, names of officers killed during his time in Toronto. He was in the neighborhood, in October, 1973, when Const. Leslie Maitland was shot by Rene Vaillancourt. He saw Maitland die on a sidewalk. " I can never forget that," said Ehan, eyes welling. " These men," he said, " were killed by criminals here in Toronto. No one has spoken of them ... " Do you know, in all the board meetings I've attended, that was the first time anyone - anyone - has bothered to remember those men? I would bet that if Alan Borovoy had interviewed Rene Vaillancourt, he would have cried police brutality, too. And this board would have believed him, because guys like him are to be, and guys like Maitland - coppers - aren ' t.

Cristie Blatchford is a regular columnist with the Toronto Sun Newspaper. She has been a staunch supporter of the police profession and continues to be a courageous voice for those who are not permitted to speak

A Ten Year Success Story

The children are also tested on skills such as dribbling, passing and shooting The New Westminster Police using standards established by the CaSummer Soccer School nadian Soccer Association. This provides each participant an opportunity to By Frank Ciaccia attain a second medal in gold, silver or bronze. The younger children particiThe concept of Community PolicAn indication of its enormous popular-pate in colouring contests and take home ing appears to be gaining momentum ity. For a fee of $40.00 each child re- instructional reading materials on the across our nation as police forces recogceives: a designer T-shirt, soccer ball, game. nize the need for community involveOther activities are featured as well, ball cap, 25 hours of instruction, a dement in areas once regarded as "Police signer medal, McDonald's refreshments, such as the Police Service Dog demon...-e_.-----. stration . Serving Only" . Citizens are bemembers assigned to coming involved in prothe Dog Section lecgrams that not only conture the children on tribute to safer neighbourtheir duties and anhoods but also enrich the swer questions. Their relationships between dogs then demonthemselves and the postrate their incredible lice. One such program is skills much to the the New Westminster Poamazement of the lice Department's Sumparticipants. A variety mer Soccer School. But of police vehicles also this program is far from make an appearance new. In fact, it has been enabling the children operating for ten years. to understand their New Westminster and functions and giving its population of approxithem a chance at some mately 40,000, is found in fun with lights and sithe center of the metrorens. Through a very politan area of Vancoucandid demonstration ver, British Columbia. Its by the Insurance CorPolice Department is comporation of British Coprised of 140 police memlumbia, the imporbers and civilian support tance of wearing staff. In 1981 , Jack Constable F. Ciaccia (left) and New Westminster ChiefJack Fordham FORDHAM, then a Staff seatbelts is reinforced. (right) pose with some of the 1991 medal award winners. The summer Throughout the proSergeant and now the project was started by Chief Fordham in 1981. gram the kids are also newly sworn Chief Conexposed to videos on a variety of topics, stable, decided to take his passion for prizes and souvenirs and feature presenboth educational the game of soccer and apply it towards and entertaining. tations. At the conclusion of the program, an an innovative police-community initiaAlthough the children are taught socinspiring awards ceremony recognizes tive. Thus, the birth of the Youth Sumcer's basic skills throughout the week, each participant and countless prizes mer Soccer School. the emphasis is on good sportsmanship and special gifts are distributed. MemBritish Columbia has long been conand fun . Off-duty police officers volunsidered a hotbed for talented soccer teer their time along with numerous bers of the past Vancouver Whitecaps players. The sport's popularity in this other caring adults to see that the pro- (N.A. S.L. ) and current Vancouver 86ers (C.S.L.) attend these ceremonies along area is second to none. Because of the gram is a success each year. with ranking officers of the Police DeProvince's mild winters, the youth One of the school's most popular partment to assist and meet with the leagues are scheduled from September features is the "McDonald's Kick-Tokids. The grandstand is always full for through April, leaving the summer Win Board". From a distance deterthis event as parents, siblings, friends months for other sports and soccer mined by age, the children attempt to and even the local media turn out to schools. kick their soccer ball through openings participate in the festivities. The New Westminster Police Sumon a stationary board. Their efforts are A number of groups and organizamer Soccer School is held annually in rewarded with McDonald's soft drink be recognized for their suptions are to the final weeks of July. Between 250 coupons prOvided by the local restauSoccer School enabling it to port to the and 300 children aged six to twelve will rant. In addition, the Kick-To-Win chambe an overwhelming success. The New fill its enrollment usually by mid May. pion receives a trophy for his fine skills.

Summer, 1992

Westminster School Board allows for the use of Mercer Stadium and its fields each year without hesitation. The Royal City Soccer Association lends its support by its promotions and encouraging its members to attend . The local McDonald's restaurant, operated by Mr. Peter ROBB, has donated thousands of drink coupons over the years. The New Westminster Police Benevolent Association, City Council and the New Westminster Police Board have all contributed to the school enabling the sponsorship of disabled children and those from lower-income families. The coordination of the soccer school is currently the responsibility of Constable Frank CIACCIA, an eight year member of the New Westminster Police Deartment. Constable CIACCIA's experience in the game is quite extensive as he has been a member of the Canadian Olympic Team, Canadian World Cup Team and played professionally for the Toronto Blizzard of the former North American Soccer League. Needless to say, the assignment as coordinator has become a labour of love for Constable CIACCIA. The New Westminster Police Summer Soccer School has involved better than 3,000 youngsters over the years. From the response of the community to the feedback of the participating officers, it is very apparent this program is by far the most successful police - community initiative in the City. Not only has it served to promote a better understanding between police and the community but perhaps more importantly, it has eliminated many of the barriers that exist between police and our youth. Congratulations on ten outstanding years!

Coming near you in 1992 DIIVIP, CIF ar. • C1ev....., OII-Mar. 17-18/19 • l.1li1 T....., NV-ApriI6-7/8 • fIItt 111, R-April 27-28/29 • . . ., AI-May 6-7/8 • 1.11 CIty, MO-May 18-19/20 Wl-May 27-28/29 • ........, C.-June 3-4/5 • OR-June 8-9/10 • Burlington, VT-Aug. 18-19/20 • Grand Forks, NO-Sept. 1-2/3 • CA- ept. 9- 0/11 • ....., I-Sept. 23-24/25 • L. . I81I111, NY-Sept. 28-29/30 • APIIII1., '.-Oct. 16-17/18 1-!--= lJJlUIl,JI~Ui -28/29 Toronto, Can.-Nov. 11-12/13 • I11III, MA-Nov. 16-17/18 • JICIl. .vIII, R-Dec. 1-213 • 1.11 VIllI, NV-Dec. 8-9/10 MIre II CIIII. 18881 •

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I I I I I IACCt.,1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I . I I I-I I I Exp. date. I Signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ I I I Name·----laiLasill-------"Fi""rst- - -Spouse Name, _ _ _ _ _ _--..,,--_ _ Address _ _ _ _ =;;--___Q-~HOm~._ I APt Number I I Ci\y Stal' Z,p Cod. Home Phone ( ) Dept. Phone ( ) I ------- I OIly OIly

any questions or comments pJease Constable Frank CIACCIA at 525-5411; fax (604) 525-7036, to: "Iemrlim;ter Police Department Avenue , B.C.

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First SECOND CHANCE 'save' March 7, 1972

25 77

Total SECOND CHANCE 'saves' by the end of 1974

Total SECOND CHANCE 'saves' by the end of 1976

130 210

Total SECOND CHANCE 'saves' by the end of 1978

Total SECOND CHANCE 'saves' by the end of 1980

288 335 372

Total SECOND CHANCE 'saves' by the end of 1982

Total SECOND CHANCE 'saves' by the end of 1984

Female Officers In English Police Force Vote To Carry Night Sticks A survey given out to all female officers of the Suffolk, Enlgand, Constabulary revealed more than 60% of them want to be issued with night sitcks or truncheons. Presently the policy is not to issue females with this defensive piece of equipment. The survey was performed by the local police federation in an attempt to determine the membership's opinions on such issues as use of force and issued weapons.The survey was sent to all 130 female officers of the Police Force. The survey revealed 48 officers wanted night sticks as standard equipment while 38 did not. 44 members did not vote. The Police Federation states it is currently calling for a change in the use of force policy which only permits an officer to pullout a truncheon afterbeing attacked.

Total SECON D CHANCE 'saves' by the end of 1986

433

ELECTRONIC IMAGING

Total SECOND CHANCE 'saves' by the end of 1988

500 550+

Total SEC ON D CHANCE 'saves' by the end of 1990

SECOND CHAN CE 'saves' by the end of THIS YEAR .

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Picture a video image system that is equally at home in the booking office, at an accident site or at the scene of a crime.

Imagine a Windows based PC video system that is easy-to-use, inexpensive, and has full data base capabilities . A Reality Today f eriliu('s imaging for Windows ' current! installed and proven various Canadian law agencies. Call us at l - uvv-vv for information or visit our the 87th Convention ofthe Association of Chiefs of Victoria, Aug 23-25 , 1992. p nTn

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Calendar Of Up-Coming Events

located at Waterton National Park about 250 km. south of Calgary. For more details write the C.F.C .P .O . at Box 520, Stn.A, Scarborough, OntariO, M1K 5C3.

July 12 - 17

September 5 - 7

Asian O rganized Crime Conference Strategies for the 1990's Calgary - Alberta

(Atlantic Region) St. Johns - Newfoundland

The RCMP and Calgary Police Service will be hosting the 14th International Asian Organized Crime Conference . The conference will include key-note speakers and a full agenda of social events and companion activities. Contact Darrell Wilson or Carmen McKnight at (403) 268-8530 or FAX (403) 265-6330

August 2 - 7,

1.A.A.T.1. Discovery 1992 Toronto - Ontario The Metropolitan Toronto area police forces will be hosting the International Association of Auto Theft Investigators 1992 training seminar. All police agencies in and around the Metropolitan Toronto area will be assisting with this international event. The convention will include seminars, workshops and exhibitor displays related to the auto theft prevention industry. Contact person is D.Sgt. Chris Hobson (416)324-6260 or Roger Overton (416)252-5215.

August 3 - 7

Blue Knight's Convention Prince Albert - Saskatchewan The Prince Albert Branch of the Blue Knights are proud to host this years convention to be held in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. This event is open to all members of the club from across Canada and the United States. For further information contact Ed Herr, RR.#5, Site 28, Box 31, Prince Albert, Sask. S6V 5R3.

August 22 . 27

C.A.C.P Convention Victoria, British Columbia The Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police will hold their 87th Annual convention at the Victoria Convention Centre. The trade fair will be open to all law enforcement officers from August 23 to 25.

Blue Knights Conference The Newfoundland Chapter of the Blue Knights are proud to host this years Atlantic Regional Fall Conference to be held in St. Johns, Newfoundland. This event is open to all members of the club internationally. For further information contact Paul Hierlihy at (709) 747-4138 or (709) 729-8094.

S eptember 16-19 C anadian Police Association Annual General Meeting Edmonton - Alberta The annual general meeting of the Canadian Police Association will be held in Edmonton Alberta. Contact Doug Ramsey (416) 4914301

Septem ber 21 - 25

Profile 2000 The Metropolitan Toronto Police Sexual Assault Squad will present a four day sex crimes seminar . Several experts and international key-note speakers will be featured. For further details contact Sgt. Wendy Leaver at (416) 324-6060 or FAX (416) 324-0697.

October 14 - 15

Forensic Identifica tion S eminar Toronto - Onta rio The Metropolitan Toronto Police Force, Forensic Identification Services will be hosting its annual seminar at Police Headquarters 40 College St. Toronto. The seminar will have a number of guest speakers covering topical subjects and exhibitors showing products of interest in the field. Registration enquiries may be made to John SKEAFF at (416) 3246197 or Fax (416) 324-6362

October 13 - 16

Western Canada Traffic Conference Saskatoon - Saskatchewan

Canadian Fellowship of ChristianPeace Officers Annual Conference

The W.C.T.A is an association of traffic professionals from the engineering, enforcement and education fileds working toward promoting research and education. For further information about their conference contact Murray Totland at (306) 975-2631.

This year's conference will be held at Canyon Church Camp, Waterton, Alberta. This is

Summer, 1992

Ottawa - Ontario The 1993 games will be hosted in Ottawa. The games will be sponsored by the Ontario Law Enforcement Athletic Association. All sworn Federal, Provincial, and Municipal Law Enforcement officers, active or retired, are eligible . Events include Badminton, basketball, broomball, curling, darts, hockey, volleyball, and skiing. Forfurtherinformation call (613) 225-1204.

Up-Coming Events is a Free service to law enforcement agencies and related personnel support groups. Other organizations may place their notices in this section at a price of $20.00 per insertion up to 25 wor ds. Add $1.00 per word over this amount. Word count does not include phone number or headline. Editor reserves the right to refuse any notice not deemed to be appropriate.

Toronto - Onta rio

August 28 - 31

Waterton - Alberta

February 8 - 12

International Law Enforcement Winter Games

'PEACEMAKER' It's your occupation .... N ow let it be your publication! The PEACEMAKER is published quarterly by the Canadian Fellowship of Christian Peace Officers (CFCPO), a federal nonprofit corporation which encourages peace officers locally, nationally and internationally to j oin in fellowship. If you wou ld like to be placed on the mailing list, or would like to receive more information about CFCPO membership, send your request with your name, occupation , address and phone number to:

Sharing the Truth and the Way and the Life Our Lord Jesus Christ

... news beat ... news beat ... news beat ... N.B. Police Department Assist Merchants In Preventing Cheque Fraud The Chatham, New Brunswick, Police Department is working with the Chatham Business Development Corporation to implement a new program designed to eliminate cheque fraud in Chatham. The Instant Print program, as it is more commonly known, is simply a stamp pad with which the store can obtain a thumb print of the patron on the cheque. The ink gives a very good print of the patron, and also gives police a starting point in the event the cheque is worthless. "The biggest problem faced by police in prosecuting frauds is proving there was knowledge the cheque is worthless, that there is intention to defraud, and more importantly, proving the identity of the offender, " says Constable Dan Pugh, Public Relations Officer of the Chatham Police Department . "And anybody who is in the business of fraud does not give their proper identification for obvious reasons!" Simplicity and low cost ($12.50 plus taxes) are the attractive features of the program which should lower the incidence of false pretenses, fraud and forgery related crimes which ultimately cost merchants thousands of dollars in lost revenues. "The success of the program will be two-fold," says Constable Pugh. "The criminal element will quickly realize the potential for getting caught is much higher and therefore will be less interested in targeting local merchants. Secondly, the police will have a much better chance of successfully prosecuting offenders." The procedure for using the Instant Print pad is very simple: after obtaining proper identification from the customer, the cashier accepting the cheque requests he/she press their right thumb on the pad and then onto a clean area of the cheque. The ink leaves no residue and is colourless. The cashier then initials the cheque. (It should be noted as well that proper Identification is ideally driver's licence numbers, signed major credit cards, telephone and address, or picture

ID. A Social Insurance number is useless to police as the information associated with a SIN number is confidential and restricted. To date, there are over 20 businesses signed up for the program in Chatham. Businesses participating in the program will also be issued "Stop!" identification stickers for cash registers and doors courtesy of the CBDC and Chatham Police Department. This will ensure consistency and also aid in keeping potential defrauders from even entering the store. The fingerprint pads are approximately the size of a Loonie and they last ap-

proximately a year or 1100 prints. For more information on the program contact Constable Dan Pugh at (506) 778-1222orFax(506) 773-6040.

100th Anniversary Of Code Featured In New Series Starting in the September issue of Blue Line Magazine Richard DuPlain, our East Coast correspondent, will present a 10 part series on the history of the Canadian Criminal Code. This will commemorate the 100th Anniversary of the codification of Criminal Law in Canada. (1892-1992)

B.C. Survey Reveals Alcohol A Big Factor In Watercraft Deaths A recent Canadian Red Cross examination of British Columbia Coroners' reports noted that about 33% of those drowned in recreational boating accidents were intoxicated, and that figure rose to about 53% for drownings associated with small power craft operation. At the request of the Canadian Red Cross, questions on boating were included in a recent B.C. wide Drinking Driving Counter Attack telephone sur.vey, since impaired driving and impaired boating are both offences under the Criminal Code of Canada. The survey revealed 36% of respondents said that they had been on a privately owned motorboat or sail boat in the previous year. 47%, of boaters admitting to having consumed alcohol on one or more boating trips. These results show that about one in three persons on the water is likely to be drinking. 58% of the sample who admitted to being a drinking driver within the previous month were recreational boaters, and 37% of the drinking drivers were drinking boaters. 60% of the drinking boaters and 50% of the non-drinking boaters said correctly that the regulations regarding drinking and boating are the same as for

drinking and driving. However, there may be very little fear of apprehension, as only 40 to 50 charges are laid per year in B.c.

Approved Screening Devices to be used to fight back RCMP Marine Operations in B. C. have been provided with pocket-sized hand-held breath test devices (RSDS) by the Counter Attack program. This summer there are plans to set up spot checks at loading docks and marinas. According to the RCMP, vessels could even be boarded. The law says that you must give a breath sample when asked, and if you refuse the penalties are the same as if you were proven to be impaired. Like impaired driving, impaired boating is an important public safety issue. The Counter Attack Program will continue to work with the police, Coast Guard and Red Cross to educate the public about the dangers of alcohol abuse.

Summer, 1992

... news beat ... news beat ... news beat ...

British Police Use Scarecrow Tactics To Cop Saved By Vest Combat Aggressive Drivers While Shooter In another novel project the Northumbria Police started using two-dimen- Gets 14 years sional plastic cut-out police cars that have been reported as very effective. The mock-up police cars are made of plastic and are made the actual size of a real police car. They fold up and are easily transportable. Northumbria police state they are quite effective when placed on overpasses near expressways. Each unit costs about $500.00. One study showed over half the motorists who were clocked as speeding reduced there speed to the limit when they saw the cut-out police vehicle. In one particular location the imitab' tion police car was effective at reducing ~ the average traffic speed in a tunnel to ;o the maximum speed limit. The tunnel if was a particular problem in that the ~ speeding cars were causing a vacuum ~ effect which was putting stress on the The Ontario Solicitor General's of- wall tiles. However it was difficult to fice may wish to take note of this news place a police car in position to reduce item from Britain. In an attemptto curtail the speed. Further research is being aggressive driving two English police done on a variety of methods to use this forces started using prop cops to scare technology. drivers into driving properly. One item is Other innovative ideas have come a life size plastic police car cutout while up including one which invites motorists the other is a mechanical dummy dressed to accompany police officers on highto look like a traffic cop. (Okay! We can way patrol so they get a view from a hear the comments already but this is police officer's perspective. suppose to be serious). The life size mechanical officer, called SAM (Speed and Aggressive Moderator), comes complete with a police officer's uniform, a traffic officer's vest and cap (and some might sayan empty head) . His realism is enhanced with an ByTonyMacKinnon imitation radar gun and a motorized head that swivels. (Okay! Okay! Enough already!) A female version of the officer "If I hear one more was not planned. There were fears it complaint about the might get stolen.(Okay! No more! We shortage of cruisers... promise!) you six in the back seat Originally SAM was only used in can get out and walk!" exhibitions but the West Mercia Constabulary decided it might be effective in certain areas where traffic violations are a problem.

A Toronto teen, whose shots at a Peel Regional Police Officer were stopped by his bulletproof vest, has been jailed 14 years. Steven Thomas Mach, 19, pleaded guilty this past month in a Brampton, Ontario Court to the 1991 attempted murder of Constable Peter Vincent, who was fired at eleven times. Mach was also known as Tinh Tu, a member of a Toronto street gang. Constable Vincent stopped a car in Mississauga last October after becoming suspicious of the two male occupants. As he tried to arrest the driver for carrying a gun and a knife, Mach jumped out of the passenger seat and opened fire. Mach then fired eleven rounds at Vincent with a .9-mm Beretta semiautomatic handgun, then chased the officer across the road.The officer had emptied his revolver and was in the process of reloading when Mach turned and fled. Mach and the driver of the car took refuge in a local house until they surrendered to police after an 8-hour standoff. Constable Vincent's body armour stopped one shot that struck his back and left him with severe bruises.

FLASHES

Summer, 1992

,/ \

A utomated Fingerprint Identification System

Regional Police Force, the HamiltonWentworth Regional Police Force, the Ottawa City Police Force and the Gloucester City Police Force. By Gene Pankewich The Canadian Printrak AFIS Users' Network Group meets twice a year to set The Metro Toronto / York Regional Fax Machine, after tests involving an- guidelines and make recommendations Police Automated Fingerprint Identifica- other Canon G4 machine in the Latent to all Canadian Printrak AFIS users to tion System (AFIS) team achieved their Fingerprint Section of the RCMP in Ot- ensure the effective operation of this first crime scene identification in Febru- tawa. This device uses a (286) compu- network. In March of 1992, the Quebec ary 1990. They recently celebrated their ter, a 20 mg. hard drive and a laser Provincial Police Force awarded an AFIS 1,000th crime scene identification. This printer to generate high quality grey level contract to Printrak Incorporated and particular crime scene impression they expect to become operational in June 1992. They were was Originally developed in 1988 invited and attended the group and resubmitted for an AFIS search by the officer who had meeting which was hosted by the attended the scene. This identifiMetropolitan Toronto Police Focation was achieved on March 10, rensic Identification Services Unit 1992afteracrimescenetotenprint this past May. The RCMP have always been search of their own database which at the fore-front of AFIS technolat the time consisted of 60,568 tenprint records. ogy usage. They, along with the Gloucester Police Force and This Identification was also unique in that it was the third time Printrak Inc., are currently inthat the Forensic Identification volved in testing the world's first Services Unit had identified an AFIS transmission between two Impression developed on the insites using satellite technology. side surface of a rubber glove left The R.C.M.P. have always realized the cost effectiveness of at the scene. The scene in this case consisted of twelve medical applying computer technology to the processing of fingerprints. offices in one building. The perThey were one of the first agenson Identified was first fingerprinted cies in the world to acquire AFIS by the Metro Toronto Force in 1978. technology from North AmeriThe York Region and Metro Forensic Specilllists; Det.Cst. W Williams (holding rubber glove) and can Rockwell, the company that

Part 2

Number 1,000 Was A Big Hit

Det. Cst. W Pearce verifying the crime scene impression developed

T oron to Police tenprin t and inside the rubber glove with the assistance o[the PrintrakAFIS Unit. devised the technology in the crimescene databases are grow- '--_ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _...... mid-1970's and then later sold it Ing daily as the AFIS team continue to fingerprints and photographs. It also to the British De La Rue Company. load current and older tenprint and sends and receives in the standard (G3) Printrak management has since purcrimescene fingerprints. analogue fax transmission mode. The chased Printrak from De La Rue and In November 1991 the Metro To- AFIS team now uses it daily and can Printrak Incorporated continues to derontoN ork AFIS team began searching verify an AFIS "hit" from the Ottawa velop the technology from the facUlties the RCMP Printrak Orion Central AFIS database within minutes of requesting a in Anaheim, California. database via the Canadian Printrak AFIS photo-copy of the fingerprints for the Police agencies in Canada who have (X.25 Protocol) Network. This allows corresponding FPS number identified. not yet acquired AFIS technology can the York Regional Police Force and the There is another advantage to pur- still benefit from the automated reverseMetro Force to search aU the tenprints chasing AFIS technology in Canada. It search process by submitting their and crimescene prints in their (common) allows police agencies to become part of ten print forms to the ReMP in Ottawa. database and then search the national the first national AFIS network in the The RCMP Orion system performs fingerprint records in Ottawa. They view world. This is taking shape in Canada ten print reverse searches against a datathe results of all these searches on their and has been driven by the RCMP and base of unsolved crime scene impresown workstations. By April 21, 1992, Printrak Incorporated. The current list sions from across Canada. The higher they had achieved sixty-eight (68) crime of member agencies includes the RCMP the fingerprint quality on the fingerprint scene Identifications follOwing searches in Ottawa, the RCMP in British Colum- form, the higher the chance of a crime on the RCMP database. bia, the Vancouver City Police Force, scene identification. The AFIS team was fortunate to re- the Metropolitan Toronto Police Force, AFIS technology is particularly suited cently acquire a (Group 4) Canon Digital the York Regional Police Force, the Peel (Continued on Page 14)

Summer, 1992

One NIJ Level II vest-101 bullets-no penetrations. 51 hits in the front panel, 50 in the back. All serious threats; including .357 Magnums, 10mm Hydra-Shoks~ 9mm Gecos fired from an Uzi, and one bone-jarring blast with 00 buck from a 12 gauge shotgun. 101 hits, no penetrations. That's right... not one of these formidable rounds got through. What's our point? The point is, you don't choose the round you're shot with-they do! Although no vest is 100 percent "bullet proof," vest manufacturers have found that SPECTRA SHIELD material consistently stops a much broader range of bullet types and velocities.

Allied Fibers

To demonstrate our point, we asked an independent test lab, H.P. White Laboratories, to shoot several major brands of all SPECTRA SHIELD composite vests; each with 101 different off-the-shelf bullets. When the smoke cleared, the score was always: SPECTRA SHIELD 101-Bullets O. Wearing soft body armor made with SPECTRA SHIELD material means you're wearing the state-of-the-art in ballistic protection. For a reprint of H.P. White's test report, or information about SPECTRA SHIELD material, write Kevin McCarter at Allied-Signal Inc., P. O. Box 31 , Petersburg, VA 23804. Or, call (800) 695-5969.

~lIied

Signal

(Continued from page 12) to dealing with the highest recurring criminal offence occurring in most urban jurisdictions - Break and Enter. All unit commanders are concerned when citizens in their area become the victim of a high profile crime. Once the crime is solved and the media attention fades, it is still the numerous entries into dwellings and businesses that face the unit commander each morning when the daily crime occurrences are reviewed. Assigning police officers to this type of investigation can be time consuming, costly and yield few results. The nature of the break and enter offence rarely provides a witness factor and investigative units must decide how much time will be allocated for this type of investigation when more serious criminal offences are outstanding. The break and enter crimescene is one where a properly trained forensic specialist, or scenes of crime officer, can attend and devote as little as one-half hour of time and develop evidence that leads to the identification of the offender. How much money is saved when an investigator is handed a supplementary report which identifies a fingerprint impression(s) of the perpetrator at a Break and Enter? There are some other cost associated factors to consider when attempting to justify the purchase of AFIS technology. How much money is saved when an Investigator requires only the complainant, the forensic specialist and the officer who fingerprinted the accused to complete a Court Brief? How much money is saved in Court when the Crown Attorney is provided a case with Prima Facie fingerprint evidence that more often than not leads to a guilty plea? What price can be put on crime that is curtailed when the speed with which AFIS technology can achieve an identification is a factor in the apprehension of an active or dangerous criminal? What price can be put on the time and resources saved when an AFIS identification solves a homicide or bank hold-up? What price can be put on the fear which prevents people from walking the streets in their own neighbourhood? The price of the pain and grief that befalls a victim of a serial sex offender, while a

photograph of a crimescene impression, which will identify him to the police, is sitting in an envelope en route to Ottawa for an AFIS search? These are difficult questions to answer. It is clear, however, that when a dedicated forensic specialist, who has been given proper training and resources, is sent to a crimescene, there is a good chance a fingerprint impression of the

perpetrator will be developed. Combine this with a search against an AFIS database containing high quality tenprint records and a police agency gains a long term crime solving capability that also saves the taxpayer hard earned dollars. When aU the factors are considered, the question may be whether a Police Force can afford not to acquire AFIS technology.

New Fingerprinting Technology Does Away With Ink, Roller And Mess

The 'T enPrinter" live-scan fingerprinting system captures subject's fingerprints with out the use of ink. The system is easier to use than ink and captures higher quality fingerprint cards, accroding to the Digital Biometrics, Inc., which manufactures the unit. Once captured, fingerprints may be printed locally on a ten print card, transmitted over telephone lines for printing at a central site, or trans-

mitted directly to a local or remote automated fingerprint identification system (AFIS) for quick identification of suspects. More than 75 'T enPrinters" have been installed and is the first live-scan ten print system to be accepted by both the HCMP and the FBI. For more information about this product contact Digital Biometrics at (612) 932-0888

Summer, 1992

The lightest, most comfortable undergarment vest manufactured in the world today! Our goal has been to develop an undergarment ballistic vest which would combine maximum performance and maximum comfort . The result is the CENTAUR, a vest that is not only incredibly comfortable but also provides superior stopping power and blunt trauma protection . Manufactured by Pacific Body Armour

he CENTAUR vest contains a combination of the most advanced ballistic materials available today, SPECTRA SHIELD~and SPECTRA FABRIC.~ This hybrid provides excellent protection against high velocity rounds, multiple hits, and blunt trauma and weighs only 15 ounces per square foot , the lightest weight attainable with today's technology. These materials are also unaffected by water, body oils and chemicals that are normally destructive to aramid fibres. With proper care and maintenance, Pacific Body Armour guarantees the ballistic integrity of our CENTAUR vests for ten years! Body coverage of the CENTAUR vest is th e highest possible without compromising comfort and mobility. The ballistic panels carry high into the shoulder areas and have a full 2" overlap on each side. A medium vest covers approximately 500 square inches but have an areal density of only .93 Ibs/sq.ft in a N.I.J. standard threat level II. The CENTAUR carrier is constructed of a durable poly/cotton material that is light weig ht and breathable. On the inside of this material against the body, is HYDROFIL~ an incredible new wicking material that draws moisture away from the body and into the inner fibres. This virtually eliminates that "clammy" feeling normally felt when wearing undergarment vests and helps you stay cooler and more comfortable.

CENTAUR, THE LEADER IN COMFORT AND PERFORMANCE FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

PACIFIC BODY ARMOUR INC. 585 Gaston Avenue, KELOWNA, B.C., CANADA VIY 7E6 Telephone: (604) 763-1357 Fax: (604) 763-9730 SPECTRA SHIELD and SPECTRA FABRIC are Registered Trademarks of Allied Signal

Criminal Personality Profiling Now Available In Canada Since 1984, the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) has been awarding Police Fellowships in Criminal Investigative Analysis formerly called "Criminal Personality Profiling", to selected police Investigators in service-oriented law enforcement agencies around the world. This unique and intensive ten month program is administered through the FBI's National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime (NCAVC), headquartered at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia. Candidates are screened and selected based upon their prior criminal Investigative experience and future commitment to law enforcement, and are trained in the non-traditional application of the Behavioural Sciences to major violent crime investigations. In 1989 and 1990 the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Ontario Provincial Police respectively were awarded fellowship positions. With the graduation of the 1990/1991 fellowship there are 32 police "profilers" strategically situated worldwide, working closely with each other and with FBI "profilers" In serving the law enforcement community worldwide. Criminal Investigative Analysis is an investigative support service which can often make significant contributions in an otherwise stagnant or slow-moving case investigation. When properly used, it may often provide investigators with a behavioural composite of the most probable offender. This may serve to refocus a multi-directional investigation, reduce the general suspect pool, provide guidelines for prioritizing leads and thereby reduce valuable investigative man hours. "Profiling" typically involves the behavioural analysis of a specific violent crime or series of violent crimes in their totality, and serves to describe the major personality traits and characteristics of the unidentified offender in such a way that he may be more easily recognized by the investigator. The "profiler" usually focuses most of his or her attention upon the crime scene, forming subjective opinions with regard to the manner in which the crime fZ:)I//

evolved and what the offender chose to do and not to do in relation to his environment and his victim. The "profiler" will also thoroughly study the case, focusing on the victim's background, the nature and extent of the injuries Inflicted, the amount and nature of evidence secured, witness statements, investigator's reports, local demographics, etc. In most cases he or she will then render an opinion regarding the unidentified offender by offering a variety of the following deSCriptors: Number of offenders, Race, Gender, Age, Marital status/adjustment, Intelligence, Scholastic achievement/adjustment Lifestyle, Rearing development, Social adjustment, personality characteristics Demeanor, Appearance and grooming, Emotional adjustment, Evidence of mental decompensation, Employment/occupational history and adjustment, Work habits, Residency in relation to crime scene, Socioeconomic status, Sexual adjustment, Criminal history, Motive, Post-offence behaviour. The application of these services has proven . to be particularly beneficial In select cases of: Sexual homicide, Serial rape and sexual assault, Autoerotic death cases, Child molestations, False allegations, Kidnappings, Extortions, Bombings, Serial arson, Threat assessments. In addition to, or in lieu of, providing full "profiling" services, investigative specialists in this field can frequently make significant contributions in the areas of: Crime scene assessments, Personality assessments, Interview/interrogation strategies, Prosecution strategies, Equivocal death analysis, Insanity defence issues, Search warrant applications, Reactive and proactive investigative strategies. When integrated into an overall investigative effort, complimented by other Similarly progressive applications made available through DNA identification, computerized intelligence networking, automated fingerprint Identification systems and expert forensic science and

crime lab resources, this technique opens new avenues to the field investigator In his tireless effort to resolve difficult major case investigations. It should be emphasized that any request for this type of assistance, regardless of the agency from which the assistance is requested, will not in any way affect or dilute the original managerial control of a given case Investigation. These support services are made available in a cooperative effort to render innovative investigative assistance in difficult cases, and their application is controlled exclusively by the requesting agency. It should also be noted that the investigative specialists in this field routinely collaborate on the more difficult case Investigations, and this Interaction maximizes the likelihood of making a positive contribution In a given case investigation. Since all of the investigative specialists have been extenSively trained by the FBI Behavioural Science Unit In Quantico, Virginia, and maintain a close working relationship with the Behavioural Science Unit and with each other, standards in the application and development of this technique remain very high.

Agencies interested in availing themselves of this service or seeking further information regarding any aspect of this process may directly contact:

InspectorR.E. (Ron) MacKAY, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, General Enforcement Branch, Violen t Crime Analysis Section, 1200 Vanier Parkway, Room G528

Ottawa, Ontario KIA 0R2 (613) 993-6494

Fax: (613) 990-6037

Sergeant K.J. (Kate) CAVANAGH, Ontario Provincial Police Criminal Investigation Branch, 90 Harbour Street Toronto, Ontario M7A 2S1 (416) 965-8105 Fax: (416) 965-8267

Summer, 1992

rASSOCIATION CANADIENNE DES CHEFS DE POLICE

CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE

87 ttl CONVENTION

22-27 AUGUST 1992 VICTORIA, B.C. 22-27 AOOT 1992

CONGRES 878

Douglas E. Richardson Chief of Police

I am proud to serve as the host Police Chieffor the 87th CACP Conference, to be held at the Victoria Conference Centre during the last week of Au~t. The 25 members of our organizing committee have, somehow, found time between tours of duty, court commitments and much needed family time to devote a great deal of effort towards planning this function. It is their goal to ensure all delegates and their families leave Victoria with fond memories of an infonnative and entertaining conference.

Summer, 1992

These memories will hopefully include that of quality speakers and productive committee meetings and an outstanding three day exhibit of police equipment, literature and technology, which is open to all police officers. As well, participants will have been entertained through logging sport demonstrations, salmon barbecues, the world famous Butchart Gardens and the best in dining and entertainment. The officers and staff of the Victoria Police Department, look forward to seeing you in Victoria.

More and more Canadians are thinking about their reasons. For some time now, the Brewers of Canada have been asking Canadians to think about their reasons for drinking responsibly - for planning ahead to get home from a party safely, for realizing that a drink has a right time and a right place, and for giving their lifestyle a healthy balance. And , along with other programs, the message is working. In the area of drinking and driving alone, Government statistics indicate that in the last eight years, the rate of impaired driving charges has gone down by 32%. There's still much more to be done - by all of us. But attitudes are changing. People are realizing that they have reasons to drink responsibly. The Brewers of Canada have an on-going commitment to the Responsible Use Program , and we thank all responsible Canadians for their support.

Please Drink Responsibly.

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Floor Plan Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police Trade ShoW' Allied-Signal Aftermarket Canada Ltd. Audio Intelligence Devices B. C. Tel Mobility Cellular Barrday Inc, Bates Shoe Company Blauer Manufacturing Co. Inc. Block Parents of Canada Inc. Blue Line Magazine BMW Canada Inc. Cad's Enterprises Ltd. Calgary Society For Investigating Child Sexual Abuse Canada Post Corporation Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics Canadian Real Estate Association Carswell (Thompson Professional Pub.) Centaur Products Inc. Comnetix Computer Systems Inc. Crim Tec Corporation Danner Shoe Mfg. Co. Dictaphone Canada Ltd. Digital Biometrics Inc. DuPont Canada Ltd. Duracell Industrial Sales Evin Industries Ltd. Federal Signal Canada Ltd. Ferrihill Technologies Ltd.

Fred Deeley Imports Glock Inc. Hitachi (HSC) Canada Inc. Impact Research Group M.D. Charlton Co. Ltd. Motorola Canada Ltd. Navair Ltd. OCS Technologies OlinlWinchester Corp. Pacific Body Armour Panasonic Polaroid Canada PRC Public Management R. Nicholls Distribution Raber Glove Mfg. Co. Ltd. Rocky Shoes and Boots Ruth And Going Inc. Second Chance Body Armour Solicitor General of Canada Stay Alert Stay Safe T ekedge Development Corp. Triangle Technologies Inc. Unisys Canada W.L. Gore and Associates Inc. Watson Gloves Whelen Engineering Co.

Summer, 1992

Du Pont Has a Pretty Wearing Personal

NEWKEVLAI

Thin Argument for Body Armor••• 129

More Comfort ••• Same Protection

We've heard your arguments: " Body Armor is heavy," " It's hot," "It's stiff," " It 's bulky." Now hear ours: New KEVLAR' 129 is a major breakthrough in body armor comfort. Vests can now be made 15 to 25% thinner and 10 to 20% lighter. KEVLAR' 129 is also softer and more flexible , allowing body armor to bend and twist more freely. It moves with you. What's more , there is NO loss in ballistic protection. KEVLAR' 129 is 15 % stronger than KEVLAR' 29-a 65,000 p.s .i. increase in tensile strength. This means that a lighter, thinner vest of KEVLAR' 129 can offer the same level of protection as its heavier, bulkier KEVLAR' 29 predecessor. The big difference is that you stay comfortable. We both know that body armor can save lives . We think it's worth a little argument to save yours . New KEVLAR' 129 is available right now. To get more information about this major breakthrough in body armor comfort, call Du Pont at : 416-8 21-5601. New KEVLAR·129 ... Today 's most advanced technology for personal body armor. Accept no su bstitutes. KEVLAR is a Du Pont registered trademark for its aramid fiber. Du Pont does not make ballistic fabrics or garments.

Uncommon Problems. Uncommon Solutions. KEVLAR from Du Pont.

([0 POBJ) CAN ADA

For 50 years, the Motorola two-way radios heroes reach for have stood the tests of flfe and flood , hock and abu e, filth and dust, hard knocks and neglect. And come through in the clutch, again and again. A lifeline to help and infonnation, ecurity and support. Come to think of it, when the chips are down, i there any other two-way you'd want to go for? For more infonnation, please call your Motorola ale office. (403) 253-6451 Western Region

(416) 764-9650 Central Region

(514) 744-2333 Eastern Region

Visit the Motorola booth at the Canadian Association Of Chiefs of Police Conference in Victoria, B.C. August 22 - 24 , 1992

MOTOROI.A CANADA I.'M'TED

C.A.C.P. Trade Show Exhibitor's Profile Allied·Signal Aftermarket Canada Ltd. Manufacturers and distributers of heavy duty oil filters and spark plugs designed for fleet use.Stratford, Ontario. Phone (519) 271-3470 (403) 236-1571 Audio Intelligence Devices This company will display a wide variety of electronic and technical surveilance equipment. Phone (305) 776-5000 Fax (305) 776-5005 B.C. Tel Mobility Cellular Will display a variety of cellular telephones and related products and services. Phone (604) 268-2052 Barrday Incorporated Will be exhibiting a full line of body armour including concealable armour in new lightweight designs and our Advanced Tactical Armoured Vest. Barrday

will also show level III ballistic shields and level IIIA Clipboards. Phone (519) 621- 3620 Fax (519) 621-4123

Bates Shoe Company Will display a variety of boots and footwear designed for law enforcement needs. Phone (616)866-5697 Blauer Manufacturing Co. Inc. Manufacturer and distributer of a wide range of outerwear directed at the law enforcement market. Phone (617) 5366606. Block Parents Program of Canada Inc. Will display information, statistics, goals, and objectives of the lnternatlonai renowned program. Phone: (416) 4995486. Blue Line Magazine Come meet Terry Barker, author of 'The Five Minute Policeman" and ''Boss Talk". Terry will be happy to talk to you about man management and supervisory issues. All attendees can leave their

name and address for a free five issue subscription. Phone (416) 640-3048 Fax (416) 640-7547.

BMW Canada Inc. Will be displaying the new BMW K1 OOlT as well as demonstrating its anti-locking brakes and catalytic converter equipment. Phone (416) 683-1200, Fax (416) 666-3672 Cad's Enterprises Ltd. Nine-One-One Outen.vearis the newest division of CAD's, a Saskatchewan based manufacturer of emergency services outerwear. New technological advanced fabrics enable these garments to be worn in aii ciimates. Allow us the' opportunity to custom design for your personnel. Phone (306) 244-7744 Fax (306) 9940022. Calgary Society For the Investigation of Child Sexual Abuse Investigation Training Package "For the Kids" includes video, user's manual and trainer's manual

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Summer, 1992

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Canada Post Corporation Will display their range of retail products of Interest to the law enforcement community. Phone (613) 734-7597. . Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics Will display a wide range of publications and manuals available to the law enforcment profession. Phone (613) 951-6643 Canadian Real Estate Association This organization will be shOwing a crime prevention exhibit featuringRealty Watch and Home Security Program. Phone (604) 385-7766 Carswell (Thompson Professional Publishing) Will be displaying their wide variety of legal and resource books of interest to the law enforcement community. Phone(416) 298-5112 Fax (416) 2985094.

Centaur Products Incorporated Will display and demonstrate some of the exercise equipment they can supply to law enforcement agencies or individuals. (604) 430-3088 Fax (604) 4301393 Comnetix Computer Systems Inc. Computerized mug shot systems, document management, fingerprints and mapping packages will be featured. Phone (416) 274-4060 (416)271-7776

CrimTec Corporation Will display their in-car video systems

and tapes. Phone (313 ) 852-4242 Fax (313 ) 824-4492.

Danner Shoe Mfg. Co. Will show a wide range of footwear targetted toward the law enforcement field. Phone (503) 251-1100 Fax (604) 384-6141

Dictaphone Canada Ltd. This company will display and demonstrate some of the electronic loggers and call-checks dictation systems. Phone (604) 270-7783 Fax (604) 270-3712. Digital Biometrics Inc. Will display their new Live scan fingerprinting system designed to eliminate the mess associated with conventional fingerprinting and direct link the ten prints with the new AFIS systems now available. Phone (714) 961-1916 Fax (714) 961-1295. DuPont Canada Ltd. Will display and answer questions about

their patented bullet resistent fibre, Kevlar. Phone (416) 821-5152. DuraceU Canada Industrial Sales Will be exhibiting its full range of both primary and rechargeable batteries, plus a wide selection of flashlights and lanterns. Phone (416) 823-4410 Fax (416) 823-8407

Summer, 1992

Evin Industries Ltd. Will display a wide variety of police outerwear including uniforms and specialized duty wear. Phone (514) 2886233 Fax (514) 287-1554 Federal Signal Canada Ltd. Will display emergency lighting equipment including sirens and P.A. systems geared to the emergency services sector. Phone (416) 499-1200 Fax (416) 4991221. Ferrihill Technologies Ltd. Will present a video capture system equally at home in the booking office, at an accident scene, or the scene of a crime. This system has been proven by Corrections Canada, is flexible, easy to use and is remarkably inexpensive. Phone 1-800-667-2066. Fred Deeley Imports Ltd. Will display its Harley Davidson Motor-

cycle package currently available for police fleet purchases. Call (416) 7415445 Fax (416) 741-5231. Glock Inc. Will exhibit its line of Austrian precision built handguns designed with law enforcement officers in mind. Phone (404) 432-1202 Fax (404) 4338719 Hitachi (HSC) Canada Inc. Will exhibit a variety of alarm and security systems designed for home and industrial use. Phone (416) 821-4545 Fax (416) 821-1101. Impact Research Group Has developed a PC-based emergency management software program called SoftRisk which may be used in emergency planning, training, and response to natural and technological emergencies. Phone (604) 736-0012 Fax (604) 736-8370

M.D. Charlton Co. Ltd. Will be displaying a variety of law enforcement equipment along with the new Whelen light system. Phone (604) 652-5266 or Fax (604) 652-4700 Motorola Canada Ltd. Will be exhibiting its wide range of 2way communication products and systems of specific interest to law enforcement needs. Phone (416) 499-1441 Ex.3662 Fax (416) 499-4903. Navair Limited Will display its communication testing equipment and voice logging systems targetted to the police and emergency services sector. Phone (416) 676-4150 Fax (416) 676-9737. OCS Technologies Will exhibit and demonstrate its computerized video mugshot and booking systems. Phone (604) 273-8045 Fax (604) 273-0301.

Panasonic WV-BL600 • 1/2" 8/W CCO Camera • 500 TV lines resolution, 50 d8 SIN Ratio • Exclusive "Intelligent Camera" Features • Camera control via video cable • Electronic High Speed Shutter up to 1/1000 second • Sensitivity Increase up to 32 times normal • Viewable pictures in light levels as low as 0.016 fc. with Sensitivity Increase at 32x

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The Panasonic WV-BL600 series camera has been selected by Corrections Canada as the standard camera for outdoor installation at Canadian federal penitentiaries.

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Olin/Winchester Corp. Will display ammunition and weapon components of interest to the law enforcement community. Phone (416) 3727118 Fax (705) 749-9172

See the latest in instant imaging technology for identification and security cameras and accessories, close-up cameras, instant hand held cameras and presentation products. Phone (416) 675-3680 Fax 675-3228

Raber Glove Mfg. Co. Ltd. Will display a range of lined and unlined police uniform gloves, motorcycle gauntlet gloves, and gloves and mitts for general purpose use. Phone ((204) 7862469 Fax (204) 775-7846

Pacific Body Armour Will display its light body armour and answer questions regarding use, care and levels of safety afforded by such equipment. Phone (604) 763-1357 or Fax (604) 763-9730

PRC Public Management Will display current technology in computerized police management systems currently in use by numerous Canadian and American agencies. Phone (703) 556-2700 Fax (703) 556-1174

Rocky Shoes and Boots Will display its range of police duty boots and shoes and featuring Gore-Tex material. Phone (614) 753-1951 Fax (614) 753-4024.

Panasonic Will exhibit a wide range of closed circuit video systems of interest to those involved in facility security and booking room surveillance. Phone (416) 2382431 Fax (604) 273-6198

R. Nicholls Distribution Canada's leading distributor of law enforcement products representing Colt, Heckler & Koch, Remington, Ruger, Sigarms, Litton, Federal Signal, etc. Manufacturers of uniforms, shirts and body armour. We welcome enquiries at (514) 442-9215 Fax (613) 737-0261

Polaroid Canada Polaroid Instant Imaging Products are displayed for hands on demonstrations.

Ruth And Going Inc. Consultants to law enforcement agencies internationally in the design of police facilities and forensic science laboratories. Expertise offered includes preparation of needs assessments, feasibility studies and master plans. Phone (408) 9431640 Fax (408) 943-1900

Anatomyofa 0ffIc!.1 Cholet Of The u.s. Mllillry. no, Beret~, 921' II,,, to,... • Itn nil rompe\JtJOflln exhaU>lJ,,, le5lmg

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C.paclty. no, U2 Sene; PIStoL. oIfer maQ3Zll1e caJl3CllJ<S of 15. 13. and 8 rounmUlUmm p:uWeUum. no, \lodel 00 IS chambered for lhr new .40 cal. car lndQe and h.15 a 10 roond maQazUle. No GI.... Flnllh. ilcret""s exclUSl'~ Bromlon® non ...11.ct,,~ malle black fimsh IS a supenor corrooon resos~1nt coa~ng that has collSlSltntly passed all mlhlary salt '~y tests CIlSIU1I1Q maxnnum prolectJon agalllSl rust and ...lated maifuncbons. Longer iaslmQ than

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""rformal"". SlIcIt: \ L'lfhllltd ITom !ugh strenQth steel and Bruruton® coated to a matte bL'lCk finISh ror greater durablhty. Frame: ,\lachllled ITom hght~~lghtalumlllumi zlft'OnJum au'Craft alloy. Barrel: II'llh \lr'englh mckel chrome moly steel and hard chroml' hned ror long hf•. Grips: Black plas~ sand blasted to a matte finISh. \\'ood QI1PS avaIlable. Quick Plck·Up $1",11. St.ndartl 3·<101 SIght S),tem IS dcsoQlltd rorqulCk larJ!et acqulSloon. 3-dolln~um mght "ght S), tem abo a".,L,blt Unique UJtn.S.f. DesI&n. no, safety"""" on lhr ' hde abo funcoon as lhr pIStol's decockIllj! ""~r". \I'hen pu.lhtd dool1. lhr ...ar ~ oflhr finng Pill (Mker) IS angled out orahgnmentolth lhr ITont ~ oflhr finng

pill. A ral~ hammer can 11e\". break safely and cause an accidental d.IscbarQe. Autom.tIc Firing Pin Block. no, front ~ oflhr finng pill IS blocked ITom any rorward ffiO\~ment un~1 tht lngger IS pulled back. Ambldtl~s Safety. Easy access by tht thumb of a nght or Ielt·handtd shooter, It IS spMQ Ioodtd so It'S etthtr POSI~\'eJy "on" or JXl6I~,~1y "off." DIIIIssemblln& Latch. A sunple. elTect"" dt;"", that ror easy field ·slnppUlQ. Chamber Loaded Indicator. When a round IS cham· bered, lhr prolnJd.. shghUy to show a red mdJcalor. In tht dark, tht user can reellhr protruding uxilcator. Sure, Finn Grip. no, ITont and back oftht QI1p .... QlOO\-ed. and tht lngger guard ~ squared oil' and QlOO\-ed ror a firm QI1P lISU1QOI1l' tohlo hands or glo\'es. no, gnp ~ IS I1ared <hghUy at tht bottom to enhance porn'" blht)' and control dunnQ finng

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Summer, 1992

Second Chance Body Armour Will demonstrate its range of concealable soft body armour for law enforcement officers. Phone (800) 253-7090 Fax (616) 544-9824 Solicitor General of Canada Will exhibit its range of books, services, periodicals and publications. Stay Alert Stay Safe Is a registered Canadian non-profit organization founded in 1987. Its mandate is to develop an on-going national program of accessible education and awareness, that aims to make children and adults aware of and alert to potential dangers. SASS is endorsed by the CACP and supported corporately by Canadian Tire and its ass.ociate dealers. Phone (416) 480-8225

Tekedge Development Corp. Will demonstrate its emergency activated traffic light control system which provides the GREEN light for all emergency vehicles. From a distance adjustable to 400 meters the system will hold a green light or begin the normal change of light sequence to provide a green for an approaching emergency vehicle. Phone (604) 875-6600 Fax (604) 875-9117. Triangle Technologies Inc Come see the Docucam, the in-car camera recording system. Phone (416) 4797543 Fax (416) 479-4130 Unisys Canada Will demonstrate the Unisys Advanced Police Management systems, Strategic On-line Public Safety Systems, Drug enforcement systems, and the PW2 Advantage series workstations. Over 250

public safety agencies are using our systems to support their operations. Phone (604) 738-1221 Fax (604) 738-1218.

W.L. Gore and Associates Inc. Will exhibit its line of police uniforms and outer wear made with Gore-Tex material. Phone (410) 392-3700 Watson Gloves Will display its assortment of gloves, mitts and gauntlets designed with the law enforcement officer in mind. Phone (604) 874-1105 Fax (604) 875-9009 Whelen Engineering Co. Will display and demonstrate its audible and visual safety warning lights and sirens for police and other public safety vehicles and public address systems.

any way you want it.

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Beretta U.S.A. Corp., Law Enforcement Division, 17601 Beretta Drive, Accokeek, Maryland 20607, (301) 283-2191. Summer, 1992

Model 92DIModel92D . 'lWo "dOllbk actian Dilly"

pistols. The 92D featl/res

'~/u;k s/UW"with noexl2rnal safety I2ver and a bobbed hammer. The 92DS has exl2rnal safety I2vers ITUJlIIIl2d 011 tM slide.

(~ • ..1'\SSIFIEI) Classified Advertisiing is limited to persons who have a specific item for sale , rent, or trade. Announcements of up-coming events are free of charge to law enforcement agencies. Cost of Ad is $20.00 per insertion with GST included (Paid Subscribers pay only $15.00) up to 25 words. (phonenumbernotincluded). Charge over this amount is $1. 00 per word. Payment, in advance only, may be by cheque, money order, Visa or MasterCard. Deadline is the first of the month prior to publication. (Eg.August 1st for September Issue) Mail to: B lue Line Classified 12A-4981 Hwy .7 East. Ste.254, Markham, Ontario L3R 1N 1 Or FAX (416) 640-7547

( ?OR Slll..E Hardtop tent trailer, sleeps 6, 3way fridge, sink, 3 burner gas stove, wardrobe, extra overhead storage cupboard. Clean. Kept indoor storage only. Asking $2 ,000. Call (416) 6043048 Business. Thinking of packing it in? Well here is something to think about. Suburban Metro Toronto family book store, established 18 years. Contact George Crampton, Family Trust Realty, (416) 294-1372.

. ............ Kt-I.;..

St. Petersburg, Rorida. Luxurious 2 bed. beach front condo directly on the Gulf of Mexico. (N/A Jan, Feb, or April '93). CalI (4 16) 288-0622.

Uh! H~ Guye ... I'm with "Blue Line Magazine". Got any humeroue etorye I could cartoon?

Yes you. havel Don't keep them to yourself. Let us all have a little fun. Send along your humerous story or situation and let us tell it, or even cartoon it, for you.

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Su.mmer, 1992

Investigation will be our keynote speaker for this year's conference. Roy is a faculty member of the FBI Academy's Behavioural Science Unit in Quantico, Virginia. His work in the profiling of serial tiny,S '2" frame . She was called " BITCH, rapists has been widely published SLUT, and KKK by total strangers on throughout North America and he has the street. On the day that 2 of the co-authoured several books and has lecdefendants were to be sentenced, she tured extensively on Criminal Sexuality was met by a row of their throughout the United States, Canada, angry supporters brandish- Europe and the Caribbean. Roy will present the different approach ing signs that read CA N A 0 A methods used by the rapist and in particular the " HOW AND WHY" of victim control. He will "WE KNOW WHERE also explore the amount of force used by YOU LIVE. " People who rapists, the result of victim's resistance know Ms. LEDERER state and the sexual dynamics and verbal that she is extraordinarily talented, activity displayed in Sexual Assaults. Agent HAZELWOOD has constantly hard working and thorough. Manhattan District Attorney Robert been sought out by investigators throughMORGENTHAU states that Ms . out North America in both Sexual AsLEDERER "IS ONE OF THE BEST sault and Homicide investigations. PROFILE 2000 presents a unique AND BRIGHTEST." At this year's conference Ms. LEDERER will bring to- opportunity for investigators to meet gether the events of the Central Park with and share the experience and knowlJoggers case that led to the arrest, trial edge from a diversified cross section of their peers. and conviction of 6 accused. Robert HAZELWOOD, Supervisory Special Agent of the Federal Bureau of

Squad Provides Training For Sexual Assault Investigators By Wendy Leaver The Metropolitan Toronto Police Sexual Assault Squad was formed in April of 1989. The formation of this unit was in response to a growing need within the community to provide greater understanding and expertise in the area of Criminal Sexual Investigation and the care of Sexual Assault victims. The squad is presently comprised of 11 Investigators, 2 Investigative Analysts, 1 Investigative/Administrative Detective Sergeant, 1 Civilian clerk all under the Direction of Detective Staff Inspector Joe WOLFE. The mandate of the Sexual Assault Squad is to investigate all Sexual Assaults involving weapons, bodily harm or threats to a third party committed by unknown offenders. The present mandate covers adult victims only. The unit is also responsible for providing up to date training and education in the area of Criminal Sexuality. Bearing in mind the tremendous importance that the community has placed on this type of offence the Sexual Assault Squad has undertaken to present a yearly seminar on Sex Crimes Investigations called PROFILE 2000 - A Conference on Sex Crime Investigation. The inaugural conference in 1991 was well attended and the feed back received indicated that there was a real need within the Canadian Police community for this type of conference. In 1992 we are pleased to announce that one of the guest speakers will be Elizabeth LEDERER, who was the chief prosecutor for the famed "Central Park Jogger" case in New York City in 1990. 1990 was a rough year for Ms. LEDERER as she was forced to give up running, her favourite sport. Then she started to smoke again. Living on black coffee, aspirin and diet Pepsi, she dropped 15 pounds from an already

Summer, 1992

For more Information on attending PROFILE 2000, contact Del Wendy LEAVER or O/Csl Terry GREEN, Metropolitan Toronto Police Force, Sexual Assau~ Squad, (416) 324-6060, Fax: (416) 324-0697

Policing Principles: By Chris B raiden Part 5

Specialization By Function Core Values For whatever reason, few want to do the work we all joined up to do. Few are interested in community welfare and existence because they perceive the rewards to be elsewhere. Of course, we learned the same thing years ago when we were kids playing hockey. No one wanted to be goalie. But who Is the most important player on any successful hockey team? What the Roman, Aurilius, said 1,700 years ago is indeed very true, " Our lives become what our thoughts make them". In their minds, these people are specialists, not police officers. They see themselves as functionaries who perform a task; they do not serve people. They live out the forecast of Ron Zemke, a Service Improvement expert who said "Left to our own devices, we pay more and more attention to things of less and less importance to our customers" . It is common to have specialists working at a time when high priority calls are outstanding but they will neither volunteer nor be dispatched - to take those calls. It's not their job. People will simply have to wait until a Grunt comes free . In summary, I believe this to be the Inevitable outcome of Specialization by Function. People become specialists first and police officers second. In the police psyche, specialists are more important than Grunts and so the work that comprises 90 percent of total output becomes subordinate to the other ten percent. This attitude needs to be turned around. The ownership phenomenon does occur, but of the wrong thing. But this should not be a revelation to anyone; it happens in private industry too. Raymond Smith, CEO of Atlantic Bell (1989 revenues - $11.5B), described the same problem he encountered when he took over in 1989. He said, "In a large business, the most important de-

terminant of success is the effectiveness of millions of day-to-day interactions of human beings. If these contacts are contentious, turf-oriented and parochial, the company will flounder, bureaucracies will grow and internal competition will be rampant" . My experience is that policing has become a bunch of disconnected jobs with competing priorities; it needs to be a peacekeeping vocation. But what to do? A CORE VALUE

Whenever I take on a new job, I need to have a clear focus of the bottom line; what is the object of the exercise? What is the one thing that dominates all else? I suppose what I am talking about is a Core Value. Successful individuals, families , institutions and businesses all seem to have core values, and they never lose sight of it. Tome, a core value serves as a beacon that prevents drift from the " Cause" of the family or the organization. Although people may take different routes, they all arrive at the same desti-

nation. The primary task of the chief is to provide leadership that rises above unit and section goals. He does that by being up on the balcony, pulling things together and keeping everyone focused on the " Cause. " Public policing exists for a Cause; to make community life and that of the individual safe and secure for people and their possessions. But people come before possessions. Wealth must never dictate who gets police service, indeed research and experience tells us that the poor need us the most. The Cause, in turn, needs to be represented by a Core Value. Conventional policing does not meet this test. There doesn't seem to be a Cause or a Core Value that is supreme above all other. Law Enforcement is not a Cause, or even a Core Value; it is a function. Certainly Convention has goals and objectives but these need a 'faith' to guide them. When there is no Core Value, there is bound to be drift from the Cause. To correct that drift, we must start with a Core Value, entrench it and then evaluate and reward everything, and everyone, against it. If this is done, I forecast the collapse of resumes and, most important, the emergence of a new hero in policing... The Grunt. Finally, a Core Value must be visible to - and attainable by - all, regardless of their individual assignment. In Edmonton, for several years our primary goal has been Community Policing. Quite apart from what I say on this issue later on, that term is too blurry to be a Core Value. There are no hard edges to it; it seems to mean all things to all people. Secondly, it must be something that the guy working in Traffic, Stolen Auto, Narcotics, etc. can apply to his daily chores. I was able to convince my chief we needed to hammer out a Core Value that reduced Community PoliCing to harder terms. The Executive Officers' Tearn had a one-day retreat for that sole purpose; we settled on "Committed to Community Needs" as our Core Value. We then put this suggestion to everyone in the organization and asked for others. After all those received were considered, "Committed to Community Needs"rep-

Summer, 1992

resented the thoughts of the majority and so it is now our Core Value . I will demonstrate its universality later. OWNERSHIP OF TURF

Those of us who are charged with the responsibility of leading others in the workplace would do well to contemplate the words of John Steinbeck who said, "1 find it necessary to contemplate man as an animal before I can understand him as a man." I have learned whenever I want to institute a new idea, at home or at work, I always start out with the human element. I believe people willingly accept change only when an idea sells itself, and they accept it on their terms. For problem-oriented policing to become a reality, I advocate replacing specialization by jundion with ownership of turf. Let me explain. I am convinced my city is not just a glob of 605,000 people. Rather, it is a collection of villages stuck together which are as unique as if they were villages in the conventional sense. And it has ever been thus. Think about what Plato said of his city 2400 years ago; '~ny ordinary city is, in fad, two cities; one for the rich and one for the poor, each at war with the other. And in either city, there are smaller ones. You would make a great mistake if you treated them all alike. " Contemplate the difference between inner cities and suburbia; nevertheless, conventional policing treats all villages alike. I will continue to use the word 'village' to describe my idea. The ideal is to give ownership of a village to an individual police officer so everything of a policing nature in that village 'belongs' to that person. This general principle must, of necessity, remain flexible because the needs of all villages are not the same. Indeed, many villages in a typical city don't need much policing while others require intense attention for different reasons. In some cases teams of people need to be assigned to a village through permanent assignment. What has to happen is the reverse of convention. Instead of the Grunt being coopted by the specialist, the specialist will be co-opted by the Grunt, when appropriate, to deal with village problems. The Grunt becomes the surgeon with everyone else in su ort. Summer, 1992

ALERT! Handlebar Shotgun Reportedly popular among members of motorcylce gangs, the handlebar is modified so a shotgun shell can be fired by simply flipping a switch , manually releasing a spring loaded firing pin attached to the side of the handlebar fires the weapon . In some cases electrical switches have been added so the weapon can be fired with either a hand switch or a foot switch .

nr~~ ~""J")""'" ..........

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The Use Of Force Managing The Risks By Robert Hotston Supervisory Principles Editor

Use of force is fast becoming a critical understanding, it quickly becomes difficoncern in Canadian policing circles. cult, if not impossible for supervisors and Fxom the internationally televised administrators to objectively evaluate an "Rodney King" incident in Los Angeles officer's use of force or identify and to local media coverage of incidents correct adverse trends which current where police use force, the proper use of training may raise. Supervisors also need to ensure the force is becoming the subject of much discussion by citizens, politicians, the application of discipline which is fair, media and the police themselves. Al- consistent and conSistently applied. If though the improper use of force may officers know what the limits are, and never be completely eliminated, there know they will be held accountable if are a number of measures that can be they are exceeded, they will be more likely to stay within them. taken to manage and reduce the risks inherent in police use of force . The first factors are training, re-training, and communication. The better trained, re-trained and informed an agency's officers are, the less likely they will be to take improper action or lose control of a situation. Next, front-line supervisors must need gUidbe trained, well-informed and not ance and a afraid to supervise. Supervisors and basis of unadministrators must be aware of derstanding the self-defence, firearms and use from which of force training received by field officers. All too often, supervisors and administrators opt out of cisions (a "use of "hands on" training, perhaps be- -"",~!I"'Ioll ~~ force model") . Iieving they no longer need to W hile being maintain their skills and abilities. Even if such absences can be ex- careful to avoid being overly restrictive, cused by too many demands and too agencies must not be ambiguous about little time, the result is supervisors and what is and is not an acceptable force administrators tend to lose not only their response. Trained supervisors who actively entechnical expertise, but also their understanding of this critical portion of a field gage in the supervision of their officers become aware of instances of overofficer's job. In the absence of such training and aggressive behaviour and can act to

provide remedial training or discipline before such behaviour manifests itself as assaults. The police agency requires realistic policies and a strong commitment to them from management as well. If a policy is unrealistic it will be ignored and the norm will be "whatever works." If the management of a police agency is not committed to the policies, then they will not be enforced by supervisors and this message will filter down to the front line troops. There should also be a periodic review and revision of all use of force policies to ensure compliance with current training and law. What was "good enough twenty years ago" might not meet with the standards set by and acceptable to police training bodies, the courts and the public at large. Fmally, there should be demonstrated support for street officers from management and from management's "bosses", the politicians. This means more than an occasional commendation from the Chief, attendance at a Police Week awards ceremony, or going to police funerals. It means praising officers when they do a good job, supporting them when they are right and making sure the public is aware of that support. It may also mean taking a more idealistic rather than pragmatic (financial) approach to defending and settling lawsuits which stem from complaints of improper use of force. The burden of force decisions made by field officers rests not only with them but also with those who supervise, train, administer and employ them. Consequently, a comprehensive, proactive approach to managing the risks inherent in the use of force by police officers will provide them with the abilities, skills, knowledge and support they need to make the appropriate decision when the time comes.

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the boyfriend and the boy's mother It's What You Don't Say That's Important had (who was not a suspect) fill in the quesThat's according to Mr. Avinoam SAPIR of the Laboratory for Scientific Interrogation (LSI) located in Phoenix, Arizona. Mr. Sapir is a former polygraph examiner for Israel's Police, who branched out into language analysis after leaving the Police Department. He now holds a BA in Psychology as well as a Master's Degree in Criminology. Mr. Sapir developed a technique he calls Scientific Content Analysis (SCAN) after noticing a pattern in confessions he received. He found that when most people finally confessed to their crime, the confession often did not contradict their earlier statements. The SCAN technique is based on three assumptions: (1) People tell you everything - you just don't listen. (2) What they do say, is in their own unique linguistic code. (3) Ninety percent ofthe people don 't lie, they just leave out important facts.

The four day courses held by Mr. Sapir and his associates are advertised as changing the process of obtaining information from an art to a science. The course teaches the participants to take the words spoken by any person (victim, witness, or suspect), and analyzing them in a systematic way. In a structured approach which combines psychology, SOCiology, criminology, psychiatry, salesmanship, and an interviewer's previous experience, the students of the SCAN technique are taught how to break down and decipher the " linguistic code" every person uses. The SCAN technique uses both verbal interviews and a specially developed SCAN questionnaire which can be applied to all involved persons. In one recent case in Seminole County Rorida a detective trained in the SCAN technique solved a child abuse case using the questionnaire. A young boy accused his mother's boyfriend of abusing him. The detective

tionnaire. In the mother's statement she denied abUSing the boy, but after careful analysis the detective discovered that the mother was actually abUSing the child because she despised the boy's father. Her answers also told him that she did not expect to get caught. The case is now pending before the courts. Judging solely from SLIDS own literature, it would appear that this technique has some merit, and when coupled with proven investigative techniques, would prove to be a valuable resource when investigating a wide variety of crimes. The cost of the 4 day course is US$600. Special courses can be arranged exclUSively for personnel of a requesting organization as long as a minimum of 25 students can be guaranteed. For complete information call Laboratory for Scientific Interrogation. (602) 279-3113 FAX.:(602) 277-7502 or 1-800-727-3113 (in U.S. and Canada)

Propane's got the drive says Peel Regional Police. "

Bef?re we converted to propane, the department decommissioned vehicles when they attained 112,600 kilometres. Because propane is ~ cleaner burning fuel than gasoline, we have been able to extend the hfe of our vehicles anywhere from 150,000 to 200,000 kilometres. Even with this incr~ased mileage, we have not experienced any motor problems which have been attributed to propane. " More tha~ 1,000 fleet customers like the Peel Regional Police rely on ~upenor Propane for dependable fuel supply and quality converSIOns. And many Fleet Managers have found fuel costs savings of up to 40% - 50%. Propane is one of the most environmentally frien dly fuels avail able today. In fact, propane contributes the least to global warming of all the transportation fuels. To ~nd out how you can reduce your fleet operating costs and help the enVironment, call your local Superior Propane Branch Manager We're in the Yellow Pages. .

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Summer, 1992

Case Law (1147-003A - 21 Pages)

Keeping Cheque Is Theft Says Supreme Court Regina Vs. Milne A man who kept and deposited a $16,900 cheque sent to him by mistake has been found guilty of theft by the Supreme Court of Canada. The accused was the owner of a company which did some work for the Hudson's Bay Company. Upon receiving the invoice The Bay sent a cheque for $16,900 to the accused's company. The next week, due to a clerical error, a second cheque in the same amount was sent out to the accused. Upon receiving the second cheque the accused deposited it into the company account book and very quickly thereafter began to drain the account of money. The Bay store made numerous calls to the accused but were unable to get

hold of him to discuss the matter of the duplicate cheque. In his defence the accused argued the cheque was made out to his company and due to this fact he had a colour of right to the property. The lower court agreed with the defence. In that hearing the court ruled The Bay "intended to pay these very funds beneficially to (the accused's company) ... " when the accused got the funds it was his property not the Bay's. This defence did not fly with the Supreme Court of Canada however. In a unanimous decision the court ruled that Milne (the accused) was aware the second cheque had been issued to his company by mistake, and knew he had been paid with a prior cheque. "

Case Law (1202-00SA - 13 Pages)

The court continued by adding the accused "wrote cheques to himself on the company's account that reduced the balance to almost nil. This amounted to converting that money to his own use with intent to deprive the Hudson's Bay Company of its property." The Supreme Court ruling continued by saying in this the accused "can only be convicted of theft if he fraudulently and without colour of right converted the money to his use with the intentto deprive the Hudson's Bay Company of its property or 'special interest' in it. " It is the doctrine of conversion," the court said, "which covers a case such as this one where the initial possession of the thing in question was gained without a taking."

Gratification Not A Requirement For Sex Assault Conviction Regina Vs. V.(K.B.) The Ontario Court of Appeal recently ruled that an assault can be a sexual assault even if there was no sexual gratification intended or realized. In this case the accused admitted he had grabbed his three-year-old son's genitals. He claimed the child was in the habit of doing the same kind of thing to both he and his wife. He advised the court it was done to show the child how much it hurt. The child had received severe injury to his penis, testicles and groin area. In his defence the accused stated the injury had resulted from normal father child play and no sexual gratification resulted nor was planned by the accused.

The Criminal Code does not define sexual assault and the Appeal Court looked at the Supreme Court of Canada's list of relevant factors in the case of Regina Vs. Chase. In that ruling it was determined courts should consider the follOwing; .:. The body part which was touched; .:. The nature of the contact; .:. Any accompanying words or gestures, including any threats, and •:. The intent or purpose of the accused, including the presence or absence of elements of sexual gratification. In this case the majority of the court ruled "A sexual assault does not require sexuality and, indeed, may not even involve sexuality. It is an act of power, 34

aggression and control. In general, sexual gratification, if present, is at best a footnote. " The court concluded the accused's purpose was not sexual but Mr. Justice Osborne concluded the act was a "misguided and primitive disciplinary exercise," and "an aggressive act of domination which violated the sexual integrity of his son. It was no less a sexual assault than if he had done the same to a threeyear-old daughter," he added . The decision showed the court was concerned more about the effect of the application of this type of force on the victim rather than the mindset of the perpetrator.

Summer, 1992

Case Law

(1201-005A 14 pages)

. ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Women Injured By Police Car Win Over $20,000 Damages Williamson Vs. Sokolowski Two Smithers, B.c., women injured by a police car which was responding to an emergency call have won a civil action against the RCMP. The award included $19,500 in damages plus costs of the civil action and interest accumulated since 1989. In this case police received a call a man was threatening people with a bull whip. The officers responded to the call along with another car which was closer to the incident. While enroute the officers heard the second car was on scene. They killed their siren but left on their emergency lights to monitor the radio call. The cruiser continued on, however, at an established speed around 120 kml h in an 80 km/h zone. The police car then came into collision with the wom-

en's car which was stopped awaiting a left turn. The RCMP attempted to defend itself by citing section 118 of the B.C. Motor Vehicles Act which permits police to ignore traffic laws in cases of emergency and also permits them to turn off their sirens where use would hamper the police in the performance of their duties. The court pointed out that under subsection 3 of the same section it clearly states the police must "drive with due regard for safety having regard to all the circumstances of the case. " In this matter the court heard the women's car could have been visible to the officers 150 yards back from the scene of the collision but the car did not respond until only 70 yards back. Mr. Justice Duncan W. Shaw stated in his judgment, "The inference I must

draw is that the (officer) failed to see that which it was her duty to see, and because of that, she failed to slow down the police vehicle in keeping with the dictates of safety." The Justice continued by adding "the urgency of the duty the officers were performing" versus "the danger of approaching the intersection at a speed 30 to 40 km/h over the 80 km/h speed limit toward a vehicle signaling a left turn and failing to see the vehicle which was there to be seen in sufficient time to reduce speed safely." In conclusion the court ruled that in a situation where someone is swinging a bullwhip and one officer was already on the scene, " did not justify what occurred here."

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Bicycle Patrol: By Gary Coles

Dynamic Arrest Techniques Police Constables Garry Coles and Mike Dunn of the Halton Regional Police Service have made great strides in training and assisting many police agencies in establishing an effective bicycle patrol program. A big part of any course such as this is a demonstration of apprehending fleeing criminals.

Obstacle Riding PIC Dunn illustrates a stair decent. His head is up and all of his weight is back. We strongly suggest you start off at the angle illustrated in the photo, then progress to steeper declines. Once this is mastered, the rider needs to leave the bike less frequently.

Obstacle Assent The officers utilize the shoulder carriers to climb stairs. The right hand is placed over the top of the handlebar to increase stabUity. We practice runningwhUe carrying the bike in this manner.

The dynamic arrest is one of the hardest things to teach. We have found that grabbing the person and applying the rear brake will usually end an escape. The person's feet leave the ground causing the person to fall . If you practice dropping your bike qUickly, this will aid you in the arrest.

Summer, 1992

September Issue: Part 3 Pmpel1~ rhed ...... I.it! a\ oit!anre anti H'hide .. top'"

Mechanisms of failure Responding To Needs... Taking Risks By Neil V. Thompson The mind is incredibly powerful and it is very difficult for anyone not having

done counseling to realize what it is capable of. For example, the "burning bed syndrome" as it is called is very common and yet is incredibly difficult to prove in court. The basic scenario involves a woman In an abusive relationship. She spends years with a man who beats and terrorizes her. She can't leave him. Why? Because she loves him, because she is afraid of being alone, because she has no money or job, or because she is afraid he will hunt her down and kill her. So one night, she takes his gun and kills him while he sleeps. There are logical explanations for why this happens. It is a legitimate defense and yet there are dozens of women languishing in American jails, some as old as 69 years, doing 15 years or more for killing their violent, aggressive husbands. Did they have a choice? No, they did not. They come to sincerely believe that if they didn 't kill him, he would kill them, and they're probably right. There are certainly enough cases which show this to be true. Yet these same women were -

Letters To The Editor Blue LIne M~ 12A-4981 Hwy.7 East 81•.2$4, Markham, Ont. LJR1NI

After reading your excellent April issue regarding speeding, I thought you should be informed of a joint operation conducted in the Sudbury area this past winter. Sudbury Regional Police and the Ontario Provincial Police along with the Sudbury Trail Plan, Trail Wardens, participated in snowmobile spot checks on five weekends during the past season. As you may be unaware, Sudbury has over 22,000 snowmobiles registered, along with over 2,000 km of groomed trails. Some lodge owners report business was up over 300% this year. Unfor-

not allowed to enter evidence of their husband's brutality at their own murder trials. These were women with no criminal record. Housewives, mothers, in some cases grandmothers. There are two homicide trials underway in the Lower B.C. mainland where the husbandlboyfriend was arrested and given conditions to stay away from his female partner, but they went out and killed them anyway. I know it may be difficult to believe, but people are often driven by their unconscious beliefs and their inability to communicate their fears and feelings to others for fear of being laughed at or left alone. In my twenty one years with the Vancouver Police Department I have seen one of my brother officers murdered in the line of duty. Just off the top of my head I can think of a half dozen who have chosen to end their own lives. I can think of another half dozen whose careers ended under a cloud and several more who have succumbed to various temptations and face or have faced criminal charges and prison sentences. I fully believe that each of them felt powerless to deal with their respective tunately we had some enforcement problems, prior to the joint operation. Nine snowmobile fatalities occurred this season. Eight of the nine were caused by alcohol and excessive speed. Sudbury Regional Trauma Centre conducted a five year study on snowmobile injury accidents and deaths and the month of February was found to be the month which contained the most accidents. The joint operation begun in February to try to change this picture and the Trauma Centre reported a vastly reduced number of injuries and no deaths. I would like to take this moment and thank; Police Chief RichardZanibbi, Dep. Chief Dennis O'Neill, Sgt. Moe Guillet of the Sudbury Regional Police and Supt. Joe Crozier, Insp. Wayne Nethery and Sgt. Lynn Beech of the Ontario Provin-

situations. They responded to a need, they took risks and they lost. When police officers get off track, become involved with alcohol, drugs, prostitutes or excessive force, they have made a wrong choice. However, I believe many of them, in fact most of them exhibit behaviour and actions well in advance of the final major break that ends their careers or lives. I believe from past experience that this gradual deterioration in an individual is known to many people, but nobody seems to know what to do. And then it is too late. I believe it is time for management and union to put aside our traditional adversarial role and work for the individual. It is time to realize the police family should be supporting the individual, not the other way around. I think it is time that members are able to go to representatives of both sides when they have genuine concerns about a member's health or emotional welfare. It's time we looked at an individual's problems with a view to doing the best we can for him/her, rather than with a view to disciplinary action. I would like to see the day when management and union would work together on crisis intervention teams, with the interests of the member foremost. Then at least if we lose him/her, we will be able to say we tried. The 'Mechanisms of Failure' need not be triumphant. cial Police, for their commitment to public safety, and organizing a successful joint program. I would also like to thank the dedicated officers who participated in the program, for their professionalism and concern for public safety. Sudbury, like any place else, has no room for irresponsible snowmobilers. The program will continue for the entire 92193 snowmobile season. Here are some of the impressive statistics; 11 Impaired Driving, 1 Careless Driving, 91 other charges, 27 suspensions and 390 warnings issued after 4,220 snowmobiles checked.

Norman C. Hein Mayors & Citizens Task Force on Snowmobile Safety

========================================~ 38 Summer, 1992

The tools of the trade Law enforcement is no fool's game! Modern law enforcement professionals need all the tools at their disposal. The biggest and most basic tool is Knowledge.

Two of the most important books ever written for those involved in law enforcement

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$13 .70 o Five Minute Policeman $75.95 o Ultimate Survivors (Video) $15.70 o Boss Talk o Surviving Edged Weapons (Video) $65.95 o CaseManager (Computer Softwear) $3 10.00 $58.95 o Tactical Edge $150.00 o Case Manager (Single User Version) $46.95 o Street Survival o One Year Subscription (10 Issues) to Blue Line Magazine - $25.00 (G.S.T. Included) o Binder to hold one year subscription - $12.95(G.S.T. included) Subscribers $10.95 Sub Total Name:

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BMW SPELLS SAFETY ON THE JOB IN JUST THREE LETTERS: ABS Most motorcycle manufacturers put their engineering skill to work getting you going . At BMW we put our best minds to work getting you stopped . Safely. Anti -lock braking systems (ABS) have been used for years on aircraft and high performance cars . Now, BMW has integrated this state of the art technology into our motorcycles, including the K-series Police models.

HOW IT WORKS The ABS system uses an on board computer to monitor front and rear wheel brakes. When ABS senses the brakes are about to lock, it reduces pressure in the wheel brake cylinder up to 7 times a second, and continues to do so until the risk of lock-up has been eliminated.

Front and rear toothed sensors are constantly monitored by an electronic control un it to determ ine when intervent ion by ABS is necessary.

From the officer's perspective, the only change in sensation is an incredible increase in straight line stopping ability. Even applying full brakes in an emergency straight line stop, full control of the motorcycle can be maintained .

WE HAVE WHAT YOU NEED TO GET HOME SAFELY BMW motorcycles are in active use by police departments in 100 countries around the world . We know what you're facing on the streets in congested traffic areas , and what unexpected demands are put on you and your machine.

The outrigger-equipped motorcyle, without ABS , has Tocked up the wheels and lost stability during hard braking on wet pavement (right). The ASS-equipped bike remains upright and controllable under the same cond itions (left).

On rain-slick city streets, BMW can provide that additional edge. And in normal traffic conditions, ABS will give you the confidence to stop consistently in the shortest possible distance.

BMW'S Catalytic Converter Technology for Motorcyles.

Contact Tony Fletcher at BMW Canada Inc., 920 Champlain Court, Whitby, Ontario L 1N 6K9 or call . (416)683-1200. Fax (416) 666-3672

HELPING THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT BMW now offers our Police models with the option of catalytic converter systems. This technology can reduce harmful exhaust emissions by up to 80% without sacrifice to fuel consumption or engine power. As well , the appearance of the motorcycle is unaltered.

RESPONSIBILITY MEANS NO COMPROMISE