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Volume 7 Nymber 1 - Janyary 1995
- EDITOR I PUBLISHER Morley S. Lymburner Phone (905) 640-3048· FAX (905) 640·7547
- Contributing Editors Ballistics & Firearms Survival Tactics Case Law Supervisory Principles Peer Counselling Computers & Technology
Manfred Benton Craig Best Gino Arcaro Robert Holston Neil V. Thompson Tom Rataj
- ADVERTISING Mary Lymburner (Toronto) Phone (905) 640·3048 FAX (905) 640·7547 Ron Ganton (Vancouver) Phone (604) 274·3849 FAX (604) 274·9091 Richard Hubbard (United States &Quebec) Toll Free (800) 268·5503 Fax (905) 513·1377
- CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Gary Miller Craig Best Neil Thompson
Myron Love Blair McQuillan Morley Lymburner
- ILLUSTRATION Tony MacKinnon Dave Sills
Bette Clark Dave Bluestein
General Manager Mary K. Lymburner, M.Ed. Blue Line Magazine is published monthly, September to June, by Blue Line Magazine Incorporated with a mailing address of: 12A · 4981 Hwy.7 East, 5te.254, Markham, Ontario, L3R 1N1. Editorial and copy is considered to be completely separate torn advertising sales. No commilmenl for editorial coverage can form any part of a sale agreement All articles are protected by copyright No partoflhis publication may bereproduced orransmited in any form or by any means. eleclronic or mechanical. including photocopying and recording or by any informabon slorage or relrieval syslem wilhout permission torn Ihe publisher. The authors. advlsoo and publisher accept no liability whatsoever for any injuries to persons or property resulting torn !he application or adoption of any of Ihe procedures. tactics or considerabons presented in Ihis magazine. Readers are cautioned and advised Ihat articles presented herein are edited and supplied for your personal awareness and should not be used for further action until appropriate advice and guidance is received torn a supervisor or Crown Attorney. Blue Une Magazine is an independent publication designed to entertain. educate and upgrade Ihe skills of Ihose involved in Ihe law enforcement profession. It has no d~ect control torn a law enforcement agency and its opinions and articles do not necessarily reftectlhe opinions of any govemmen~ police. or law enforcement agency.
Blue Line Magazine is printed in Canada
-Member International Association of law Enforcement Planners Canadian Advertising Rates & Data Canadian Press Newswlre Periodical Publishers Exchange International Police Association
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(CP)
ISSN #0847 8538 Canada Post Canadian Publications Mail Product Sales Agreement No. 176796
IN THIS ISSUE Publisher's Commenta ry
5
Tradition and image can cost too much.
The Last Noose - Blair McQuillan
6
Part 4 - Alberta
Police Humour - Peter MacDonald
9
Peter supplies us with some advance material from his up·coming book
Total Gun Co ntrol Announced
10
The Feds release advanced reading of their massive gun control legislation. Here is a digest of that study.
TEN-SEVEN
16
McDonald 's swaps toys for weapons. Petty crimes to get slower response. Court refuses review on deadly force Judge who created police force dies. Man turns on oven, takes cover. Police complaints must be reduced. 17 Cops to get pepper spray. u.s. helps Ontario cops trace guns. B. C. Judges sending more youths to jail. Officer made severe oversight in murder. Tech nology - To m Rataj 18 ABS equipped cars may be a higher risk of rollover than you may be aware. Money Concepts - Cindy Malazdrewicz 18 Re uni tin g owners with lost property 19 Tracker will now track you down. Tactica l Shotg un - Dave Brown 20 The most effective and least understood weapon may already be at your disposal. Software that yields to a cop's touch 24 CaseFile by Microset Corp. Firearms - Ma nfred W. Benti n 26 Using reloads in semiautomatics. Case Law - Gi no Arcaro 27 Extreme intoxication may be a defence.
Blue Line Classified Let1ers To The Editor University Features Ca nadian Chiefs Student Cr ime Stoppers - Part 2
28
29 29 30
Sequence of events and checklist to start up your own Student Crime Stoppers program.
List of Advertisers Bates Shoes Beretta USA Canadian Law Enforcement Learning Calibre Press Canadian Body Armour Carswell Publishing Cases Unlimited Conium Computers Glock Hi·Tec Sports Canada L.E.O. Products M.D. Charlton Nicholls Distributors Nine-One-One PADS Streetquip Yamaha Motors Canada
32 4 23 13 5
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22 28
This month's cover is supplied courtesy of Dave Brown ofThe Firing Line Ltd. ofWinnipeg. The cover shows Constable Randy Chudyk of the East St.Paul Police Department utilizing some ofthe shotgun techniques taught by Dave and company. See this article on page 20. The cover is appropriate for this issue as January is our traditional firearms edition. You will find a good mix of firearms related issues in this edition. Among them you will find a digested version of the Federal Government's proposed gun control legislation. We felt this article was too important an issue for law enforcement officers to serialize it so we put the entire piece in this issue. Having done so, however we must apologize to many companies and individuals for not including their material as expected. We can only assure them that their material has been rescheduled for other issues. We would be remiss if we did not put in our opinion on this legislation. Although Blue Line solidly supports gun registration we do not delude ourselves into believing it will really change anything in a major way. The suggested gun control legislation appears to be a knee-jerk reaction by a government trying to play catch-up over night. Many people have invested a great deal of time and money in a legitimate hobby of using guns safely and responsibly. They appear to be the people who must pay the greatest price for this legislation. The sad part of the legislation is the reasons espoused for bringing it in . The Solicitor Gen· eral advised the llouse that every six days a person is killed by a firearm in Can<:da at the hands of a spouse. This sounds like a terrible figure until you tell it another way. That is 60 cases per year. Are we really focusing on good crime control legislation based on solid figures? At what peril are we if the other millions of crimes are placed at a lower priority than these 60 cases. A sobering thought indeed!
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By Morley Lymburner
Tradition and image can cost too much I think it is time police authorities and governing bodies oflaw enforcement agencies in this country get a wake up call. Crooks are not impressed anymore by the image ofpolice officers. The glitz and glamour is gone. The crooks also know that there is no real Wyatt Earp in town and real cops don't shoot guns out of the hands of crooks. In fact they know that to get a cop to pull out a gun at all is extremely remote. It would appear that the one part of Canada that is not getting the criminal m indset message is the Maritimes. A recent spate of incidents down there appears to have fortified this opinion. [n Halifax, Nova Scotia, the police commission has decided not to equip their police with semiautomatic handguns because in 1996 the whole Bedford Basin area will be amalgamated. They think they can save money by letting this new police force pay for the new weapons in 1996. (Are you holding on to your sides yet?) They really think this new magical kingdom will not be them. In Saint John, New Brunswick, an editorialist with a local newspaper stuck his neck way out by saying their police officers should not get semiautomatic guns because incidents of officers being shot while trying to reload their guns couldn't happen there. In Newfoundland their provincial police officers have been told to put their guns back in the trunks oftheir cars. Why? Because the powers-that-be think cops wearing guns takes away the image of the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary's "Tradition" of not wearing them. No other rational opinion appears to be coming forth but the real Newfy joke in all this is the RCMP, who police the country backroads and villages, do wear guns. If you are not rolling on the floor with laughter yet get this. The RNC officers can not even take the gun out of the trunk until they get permission from a voice on the radio. (Good GrieP.) Okay ... Okay ... lets take a reality break here. Lets put ourselves in the shoes of a crook for a while.
o
o
cops are not or where 1 know 1 have the best advantage; (c) because the money is so good at what J do, and others want what 1 got or want to stop me, 1 will get the best tools that money can buy to preventthatfrom happening. The better the tools the better my chances. (d) 1 can do what ever 1 want, including killing anyone who trys to stop me, (e) if1 can 't go anywhere else - I've pulled every trick out ofthe hat; I've pi/aged everything 1 can; I've killed whomever has gotten in the way - simply throw my hands up in the air and the cops will take me away to free room and boardfor the rest ofmy life. There is one more factor to the crooks advantage. They have no other instinct than self preservation. The worst of them feel no guilt about anything they do. Now lets throw a few more dibilitating factors into this stew. The cops are faced with leaders and politicians that have a strong sense of tradition and fair play. They want their cops to "look the part." They want their cops to be strong and protect them but these cops must follow,
strictly, a set of rules that will make them "good guys" without question. Meanwhile those same nice citizens are buying grass, coke, crack and women of the night and putting mega bucks into the criminals pockets. Enough to give the crooks cell phones, expensive lawyers, laser sights, body armour and the best weaponry possible. What makes things really bad is when every cop on the street can see this and they still have to go back, hat in hand, to beg for something that will give them a marginal advantage for self preservation. Two months ago a small, quiet town in Ontario thought it was immune to big city violence. They received a rude awakening when the entire afternoon shift of police officers were eliminated by one determined gunman with a semiautomatic 22 rifle. This guy was smart enough to know you don't rob banks in big city Toronto with 6,000 cops. And ifyou have to shoot at a cop - aim for the head ... they all wear vests ... right? Look to where your odds are better. Fewer cops and antiquated leadership should do nicely thankyou.With their bitching about money and tradition the Martimes appears to be ripe for the picking. The Martimes has a reputation for some of the best cops in the country. And I should know. I'vemetquiteafew. What' s good for the cops is good for the community.
GET THE LEAD OUT· SAFEL Y!
o
The Crooks Credo (a) 1 do not want to get caught. Its just too much fim out on the streets taking advantage ofall those nice people out there who workfor a living; (b) 1 will go anyplace 1 reasonably think the
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Alberta This i~ the fourth of a series outlining the details surrounding the last persons to hang in each province
By Blair McQuillall Wh en Robert Rae Cook arrived in tettler, Albertaon aturdayJune27, 1959, he wa charged with fraud in regards to a new hevy he had purchased in dmonton . ook had been released from prison only four days earlier as part of an amnesty granted to non-violent prisoners in honour of the Queen ' s visit to Canada. taff ergeantThomas Roach had question Bobby ook as to how he came to acquire such a vehicle. Cook explained that he ~ad used his father' s ID and the family tatlon wagon as a trade-in for the Chevy. ergeant Roach explained to 21 yearold Bobby that he was not 52 year-old Rae ook. enior and that as a result he was driving with improper insurance. After Roach had charged Bobby and placed him in a holding cell he set out to locate Bobby ' father to inform him of his son ' s whereabouts. The ook fam ily lived roughly one hundred meters from the R.C.M.P. detachment where Bobby currently resided. When Roach went to the ook ' s house he found no signs that would indicate anyone was home. A routine inspection of Bobby' s trunk revealed two suitcases and a metal box. he suitcase contained four pairs of childr~n ' pajamas, a pair of sheets, a lady ' s wn twatch and an album containing photograph of Cook ' s step-mother. The metal box hel~ a passbook belonging to Ray ook which howed a balance in the amount of $4,000. the birth certificates for Bobby' five step-brothers and sisters tax notice • a marriage Iicense and report ~ards belonging to the children . .Again, ergeant Roach attempted to venfy Bobby' s story with his father. When Roach arrived at the Cook residence he wa urprised to find that the door gave way to the force of his knock. As Roach walked through the house he saw the Saturday edition of the Calgary llerald on the floor but noticed nothing unusual and left. n the following day the police returned to find Ray Cook. A faint odour of d:i d blood and decayed flesh hung in the atr. A earch for the source led police to the dcta hed garage near the house. In ide the garage, under floorboards ~hich concealed a grease pit, the bullet nddled body of Ray Cook was discovered. Be ide Ray lay his second wife Daisy May.
She too had been shot. Underneath the bodies of the two adults wrapped in Thursday's edition of the Calgary Herald were the blood soaked bodies of the five Cook children. The children had been beaten to death with the butt end of a single barrel shotgun which was over fifty years old. Inside the house police found that some one had attempted to cleanse the walls of bl?odstai?s. There were only ten fmgerpnnts available for identification procedures. Under the mattress in the master bedroom was a prison issue blue suit with a red tie. Bo.bby Cook's suit and tie. Along with the SUit was a white shirt which was too small to be worn by Bobby. The laundry mark was stamped ROSS on the collar. When Bobby Cook learned ofthe deaths of his family he cried for over an hour and refused to answer questions. Cook was then arrested and charged with the murder of his father. Bobby Cook was born in Hanna Alberta, on July IS , 1937. He was the 'only son of Raymond and Josephine. Bobby' s mother died when he was nine. His father married Daisy May seventeen months later and together they began an expansive family. W.ith his involvement in a new family Ray either neglected or was unable to discipline his son. Over the years Bobby had collected nineteen charges in seven years, half of them were in regards to auto theft. Bobby be.gan his list of charges at the age of thirteen when he stole a car while on vacation with his parents in Banff. 6
Although Bobby admitted to being a car thief, he contended he was not a murderer. He also claimed he was nowhere near the scene of the crime at the time it took place. Cook told police that on June 23 he celebrated his release with other fo~er inmates in Saskatoon. On the 24th he checked into the Commercial Hotel in Edmonton. During the afternoon he went to a car dealership and asked about trading in the station wagon for a new car. Then Cook claimed he stole a car and drove to Bowden where he retrieved $4,300 in cash he had hidden before he was sentto prison. Late Wednesday he returned to Edmonton and threw a party for a group of ex-cons. On the morning of Thursday June 25 Bobby and a friend borrowed a truck and traveled to Stettler to see Cook's family . Cook walked into Stettler just before five o' clock after being dropped off outside town . Bobby sat and had a beer with his dad before going to the house. Ray told Bobby the family was going to move to British Columbia. Bobby gave Ray 'roughly four thous~nd dollars, the remaining money from hiS cache, as a gesture of good will. In ret~rn Ray gave his son the family car which Bobby was to trade in. Bobby Cook arrived home atabout9:30 p.m. after some guests of his parents had left. Bobby gave his prison suit to his father and left the house at about I0:30p.m. Thursday July 25 . Bobby was heading to Edmonton, which was a two-and-a-halfhour drive to trade in the wagon with Ray Cook'~ license, registration and insurance. Bobby had planned to purchase the new car, return home and then wait for more instructions regarding the move to B.C. . At roughly I :30 a.m. Friday June 26, witnesses stated to seeing Bobby at a cafe and .then an establishment called the Pig 'N Whistle where Cook met Sonny Wilson . Cook and Wilson broke into a dry-cleaners and stole $30. Cook then grabbed a few hours of sleep. When the dealership opened on Friday morning Cook purchased a '59 Chevrolet Impala. Bobby told the salesman he was Ray Cook and that he was a diesel technician making $750 per month. Cook was on his way to see friends in Cam rose before the dealership realized they had been conned. In Cam rose Cook was stopped tw ice by R.C.M .P constable Jack Bell. Bobby w~ first lectured by the officer for mak ing an Illegal V-tum and again on Saturday June 27, for a liquor infraction. Cook then drove back home where he
Jalluary, 1995
found that his family had seemingly vacated the house. Inside Cook found the metal box and suitcases which he put in his trunk. Bobby claimed he believed his family had already gone to B.C. While cruising around town Cook was stopped by Constable Braden and told to go to headquarters. Bobby went voluntarily and unescorted which is where this story began. The police had theories in regards to the murders. The pathologist concluded the victims had been dead for at least twenty-four hours and no longer than seventy-two. Since the bodies were found before noon on Sunday they had been murdered between Thursday, June 25 at eleven a.m., when Bobby was in Edmonton, and eleven a.m. on Saturday, June 27, when Cook was driving around Camrose. Because Constable Bell had seen Bobby in Cam rose on Friday and the car dealers saw him on Thursday in Edmonton, police concluded he had to be at the crime scene close to midnight on Thursday June 25. However Cook maintained that he was heading to Edmonton at that time. Although the Crown had a circumstantial case they still managed to convince a jury that Robert Rae Cook was guilty. Bobby Cook was sentenced to be hung on
April 15, 1960. Cook was granted an appeal and again found guilty. Bobby Cook was hung just after midnight on Monday, November 14, 1960 in Fort Saskatchewan despite the fact that many loose ends were left unattended in the case surrounding the Cook family murders. For instance, during the first trial Constable Bell told the court he had seen the suitcases and metal box in the trunk of Bobby's car when he stopped him in Cam rose. However, a second constable who searched the trunk for liquor stated that he could not remember seeing those items. Another question involves the Calgary Herald. Police discovered the Thursday edition in the pit and the Saturday edition on the front porch, however nobody had seen the Friday edition. The absence ofthe paper would imply that some one was in the house on Friday. John Mitchell told the court that he had seen a letter from Bobby's father that stated that Bobby wou Id inherit the fam ily station wagon upon his release from prison. Mitchell also testified that he had seen Bobby in a cafe between midnight and one a.m. at the same time the Crown claimed the murders were taking place. Sonny
Wilson even testified that he and Cook were responsible for the break-in atthe dry cleaners. However, their testimony was deemed unreliable. Information revealed during investigation revealed that Bobby had made an enemy by the name of Oliver Durocher while in prison. Cook protected an inmate against Durocher's sexual advancements and as a result he swore revenge against Bobby. A police informant told a Vancouver officer that Durocher may have known something about the murders. It was also soon discovered that Durocher was in Stettler during the time of the murders but he was never sought for questioning. The most alarming detail is contained in an R.C.M.P. report. The report stated that the police had uncovered ten fingerprints which could be used for identification. Three of the prints belonged to Daisy, while one print was matched with one of the children, which left four prints unaccounted for. The prints compared with those of Bobby Cook came back with "negative results".
Next Month
New Brunswick
Have You Seen This Child? This is a monthly column supplied by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Missing Children's Registry in cooperation with Blue Line Magazine. All material supplied is copyright free and may be distributed to local media.
Readers who feel they know the whereabouts of this child are asked to call
(613) 993-1525 or Fax (613) 993-5430 National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
1-800-843-5678 Name of Child:
Sex: MALE
JUl.IAN POTT I.E
Date of Birth: FEB l, 1986
Race: WHITE
Details ABDUCTED BY PARENT
Height
Weight:
Hair BLONDE
Date Last Seen JUNE 11
1990
Eyes BWE
MARY BYRNE-POTTLE
Sex: FEMALE
Race: WHITE
Relation To Child MOTHER
Height
Weight:
5 FEET 4 'N.
III LOS.
Hair I.T.BROWN
Date of Birth:
January, 1995
WALKS WITH ONE FOOT TURNED INWARD.
Missing From: ST .JOHN NEW BRUNSWICK
Known Abductor:
JUL Y 18, 1958
Other Known Details
Other Known Details
Eyes BWE
------------~0~)------------~
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The world of police humour r-:i• •iiiii:7i A quick conversation with Peter MacDonald (of Court Jestersfame) resulted in this random sampling ofarticles submitted to him in his quest for police humour around the world. In his usual graciousness he gave Blue Line permission to entertain you. Peter advises he has received a wonderful response from cops around the world but is stilliookingfor more. He advises his book (asyet untitled) will be released later this year by Stoddard Publishing. Judging by this sampling the book should be a real hoot. Ifyou wish to see your story in print give Peter a call at (519) 364-3344.
Betty Whiddigton of New York recalls a dandy yam she learned from her father, Charles O. Middlebro', who was Crown Attorney in Owen Sound, ant., in the 1950's and ' 60's. All right, Betty, let's have the grisly details: "One of my father's favourite stories happened in the late forties or early fifties and concerned two tramps who lived near a quarry in the village of Williams ford and were a great trial to the local police because they were always drunk and getting into fights and generally making nuisances of themselves. "One night they got spectacularly drunk and got into a fight, and one of them took the bottle and hit the other one over the head and killed him. In his drunken state he heaved the body into the quarry and passed out. When he eventually came to, he felt terrible in every sense of the word and took himself to the local police station where he tried to explain the story to the bored, disbelieving and generally fed-up cop, who eventually agreed to go and take a look. "As he was going out the door, the policeman said, 'Listen, here, Bert, ifthere's no body in that quarry, you're in big trouble!'"
*** Ron Berry ofChatsworth, Ont. - about five miles from the aforementioned Williamsford - preserved this pip of a story for posterity: "When I served on the O.P.P. in Port Credit, I was given a commendation for work I did on a raid in the Caledon area. Being new on the job, I was proud of the letter, sent by the commander of the Snelgrove detachment. I removed the letter from the lunch-room bulletin board and proceeded to the radio room to make a copy. "The dispatcher was watching me line up the document in the slot and pressing the button. I watched said document disappear into what I thought was a noisy copier. The look on my face made the radio operator fall off his chair, with tears streaming down his face from laughing so hard. The document came out the other side in thin neat little strips.
"The next day the Staff Sergeant seemed annoyed that I would take a document off the bulletin board and informed me I had to replace it. I was ordered to get another copy from Snelgrove and tell them why I needed another copy, which made me feel even dumber. Everyone had agood laugh."
*** Ron Berry also has another tale to relate, and it goes as follows: "A few years ago an OPP officer-not me! - was patrolling Highway 40 I when he pulled over a speeder. As the officer exited the patrol car, the speeder took off. "In his excitement, the officer opened the back door of his car while trying to get the licence and make of the escaping vehicle. "Well, there he sat in the back of his cruiser, with no way to get out or call for assistance due to the screen between the seats. Other officers made funny remarks over his radio and laughed as they drove by. Eventually they let him out."
*** Carl Crider, a police officer in the Dallas suburb of Garland, couldn't have been more astonished.
The tipsy driver he was chasing, one day in 1961, wheeled into a driveway in a residential area and drove right into the garage. Crider followed. "Let me see your driver's licence," he demanded. "I'm on my own property," the man said, "I'm going in and going to bed." Crider knew it was a bluff ... and called it. "Not in my house your not," he said quietly.
*** "Stupid Crook of the Month Award" to a murder suspect who turned himself in because he heard there was a $10,000 reward for his capture and he needed the money
*** In Bolder, Colorado, a robbery suspect recently told the District Attorney: "The witnesses can ' t identity me because I had a mask on." A British barrister, faced with the seemingly-impossible task of pleading on behalf of a totally-inept bank robber who'd been caught red-handed, nevertheless tried to impress the mitigating circumstances on the members of the jury, "My client is basically innocent," he began confidently. "Upon entering the bankthat he later robbed he got his foot caught in the revolving door and had to be helped to the counter by the lady he then threatened. On being told that the till did not contain the 5,000 pounds he 'd demanded, he reduced the ante, first to 500 pounds, then to 50 pounds, and finally to five pounds and the offer of a drink around the comer."
f)Nrl'AI1If) 1'llf)VINf~llll..t C)11111~NC~I~S 11)1)5 When laying charge for Provincial offences you have to know the current legislation. The new edi tion of the Ontario Provincial Offences, 1995 is now available. INCL DE : •
•
the important amendments to the Highway Traffic Act concerning the use of photo-radar and the graduated licensi ng of novice drivers an up-to-date ver ion of Regulation 817 to the Provincial Offences Act, which contain a complete list of the official wording that must be used
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Jalluary,1995
Th e purpose ofthi article is to describe the legislative illtelltiolls of th e Govemmellt of Call ada ill relatioll to firearms cOlltrol ill thl country. It reflect deci i011S that have beell made by Cabinet alld th e actuallegislatioll is till ill preparation ami will not be introduced until it i ready ill February. It i , without doubt, one of th e IIl O t dramatic pieces of legi lation since the Charter and de erve tudy by la w enforcemellt per: Oil/lei. Due to space Iimitatioll this i a dige ted version oftlte origllial two volume. Persolls wishing tltefull details may contact tile communications branch ofthe Department of Justice at (613) 957-4207 or (613) 957-4211. There i a long history in anadaofregulating the afe u e and ownership of firearms. As early as 1877, justices of the peace were allo\\ed to jail people in posses ion of a handgun without rca nable cau e. riminal ode contr I have ei ted since 1892 when the fir t nation-wide permit system for the carrying of mall arm was created. The registration of handguns began in 1932. The law was amended in 1969, 1976-77 and 1991 and reflects three fundamental policies: the deterrence of the misu. e of firearms, general controls on persons given ac es to firearms and control placed on 'pe ific type of firearms. The d cision announced in this article have built on that hi tory to achieve a comprehen "ive package of reforms. Through this packge, the overnment will be banning many firearm , cra king down on the criminal misuse of firearm , targeting firearms muggling and impr ving public afety by promoting the safe u e and owner hip of firearms. Fssential to these measures i a new national firearms regi tration ystem that will provide the foundation for effective border c ntrol ,enhanced criminal investigation and work, and the enforcement of safety p 11 "tandard for firearms owner . 'I he overnment intends to give legal force to thl program by introducing legi lation in February to amend the riminal ode, Custom Act, u tom Tariff ~ xport and Import Permits Act, ational Defence Act, Young flenders Act, and related statute and regulations.
pecifically, the government will proceed with:
o amendments and programs for controlling the import, export and domestic transit of firearms ; amendments to the offence and sentencing provisions of the Criminal Code relating to the misuse offirearrns, including mandatory minimum sentence provisions; o the prohibition of specified firearms and e pansion of the authority to prohibit by Order in Council; amendments to the Criminal Code and other statutes requi ring the registration and tracking of all firearms and their owners; other necessary or consequential amendments to the Criminal Code and other statutes to simplify and clarify the legislation, and to improve cost effectiveness at the federal , provincial and municipal levels. BANNED FIREARMS AND FURTHER CONTROLS Firearms that are particularly dangerous and/or have no legitimate uses will be prohibited under the proposed changes. Ilandguns are of special concern because they are small and easy to conceal. They are also subject to regular theft and are the preferred weapon for offences such as armed robbery. Those identified for prohibition are compact, low-calibre weapons, easily concealed and often cheaply-made, and are not considered suitable for organized targetshooting. Numbers affected are about 58% of the handguns presently owned in Canada. Existing owners will be allowed to keep (but not tran fer) handguns, provided that they meet the
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arne tatutory criteria as other owners. Justover 1.2 million restricted weapons are pre enlly in the hands of Canadians, abo ut 1. 15 million of them handguns. Nine hundred and fi fiy thousand handguns are registered to about 560,000 private individuals. Registration is limited to specific reasons, and most handguns are regi tered either for target-shooting (48%), or for gun collections (21 %). llowever, only about 55,000 Canadian have carry permits to take a handgun to a hooting club for use, which suggests that a large number of handguns remain in the pos e ion of Canadians who no longer u e them for the purpose for which they were acquired and registered. Many owners have not fired their handguns within the previous year, and many of these have not done so \ ithin the previous five years. lIandguns may only be registered for personal protection in the most extreme circumstances and numbers actually registered for that purpose are very small. Prohibition of certain handguns everal handguns based on submachinegun designs are being immediately prohibited by being added to the existing Prohibited Weapons List by Order in Council. Owners of these "assault pi tols" are being given until January I, 1995 to turn them in to the police, deactivate or otherwise di pose of them. Most as ault pistols were prohibited in 1992 because they are particularly dangerous, but several new models have since been identified . There are not many of these firearms in Canada. (For
further details see page /5)
-~~~~================~ 10 ~================~z.=~~ January, 1995
Other Handgun Controls IIandguns, like all restricted weapons, can only be registered for specific purposes (eg. employment, collecting or target-shooting) but, under the present system, remain registered even ifno longer needed for those purposes. The new law will require registrants to reestablish their reason for having their weapons every five years, failing which they will have to transfer or dispose of them. Since unregistered or unauthorized possession is an offence, the amendments will also provide for the advance notification of registrants prior to expiry, and afford a "grace period" for the disposal of restricted firearms. Gun collecting is difficult to define and regulate. This is an issue of concern because gun collecting is the only basis permitted by law for possessing many non-sporting/military firearms, and because the difficulty in distinguishing between legitimate collectors and others leaves the category open to abuse. At pre ent, collector status is determined by a local firearms registrar, who must indicate on each application whether the applicant is a genuine collector. To place further controls and national standardization on this practice, the determination of whether an applicant was a "genuine gun collector" within the definition will be made by a new (federal) Registrar of Firearms. I Ie or she will act on advice and information provided by the local firearms officer to whom the application was made and according to uniform national standards. In addition, collections will be inspected at least once every five years, and will be subject to additional regulations. A firearm safety course is currently required for all Firearms Acquisition Certificate applicants. The proposed changes would add a separate course program for applicants for handguns and other restricted firearms . This would reflect the additional safety concerns and legal obligations for restricted weapons. It would also allow some reduction in the content of the existing courses. Shooting clubs require provincial approval before their members can register restricted weapons for target-shooting on their premises. The proposed changes will establish regulatory requirements for the setting up and operation of shooting clubs and the activities which can be carried on there. These will include requirements for membership, record-keeping, national certification or affiliation, safety standards for constructing and operating firing-ranges, and similar matters. A handgun owner seeking renewal of registration for target shooting purposes will need to demonstrate active membership in an approved club. The new law will require the keeping of records that will make it possible to establish that fact. Currently, a restricted weapon may be reg-
Jalluary, 1995
istered by any person 18 years of age or older on the basis that it is a " relic", which is defined by regulation as a "souvenir" or "keepsake". These provisions, often used in the past to register war-trophies, will be repealed, along with the corresponding regulations. This is consistent with the overall direction of these measures which is to limit carefully the reasons for having a handgun in private possession. Those who have restricted weapons registered as relics will be allowed to keep them until the end of their lives, but no transfers or further registrations will be permitted.
Controls on military and para-military firearms Most military or paramilitary rifles and shotguns were prohibited or restricted by Order in Council in 1992. Other versions may be either non-restricted or restricted by the statute itself, depending on technical characteristics (e.g. barrei length). About 50-60,000 rifles and shotguns are already registered as restricted weapons. The law will be amended to permit the Governor in Council to prohibit weapons ifit is ofthe opinion that they are "not reasonable" for use in hunting or for sporting purposes. Once this authority is in place, additional weapons will be prohibited. (See page 15 for a run-down on these types of weapons.)
Controls on weapons other than firearms The misuse of replica or imitation firearms will be addressed by including them within the present Criminal Code (s.85) offence and minimum sentencing provision, and through a ban on manufacture, import and sale. Crossbows will be dealt with by SUbjecting them to the same screening controls as firearms, and bringing them within the provisions for court prohibition orders. Compact or singlehand crossbows, which have no legitimate rec-
reational applications or historical importance, will be prohibited by Order in Council effective January 1, 1995. Airguns are already " firearms" for the purposes of offence prOVISions, but only require licenses if above a minimum muzzle velocity (500 ft, or I 52.4m per second). Concerns about injuries and property damage have been raised, but some airguns are used for legitimate shooting activities. Over the coming months, the government will consult public health groups, firearms groups and other interested parties to identify effective and appropriate methods of reducing the health and safety risk associated with airguns. Flexibility to control access to other weapons, such as capsicum " tear gas" sprays, will be created by splitting the existing category of "restricted weapon" into " restricted weapon" and "restricted firearm". The first class would contain only non firearms, for which a permit would be required, while the second, dealing with firearms. would be subject to the full registration requirements.
CRIMINAL PENALTIES & PROHIBITION MEASURES Criminal misuse of firearms will be addressed through a number of measures, including the creation of new, hard-hitting offences and penalties. Longer. minimum sentences are proposed for use of firearms in the commission of specified serious offences. New offences and stiff penalties relating to trafficking and illegal possession are also proposed, as are expansions to the powers of the courts to prohibit persons from possessing firearms.
Use of firearms to commit offences (Criminal Code s.85 and others) Section 85 of the Criminal Code provides for a minimum one year sentence for using a
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firearm to commit an indictable offence. Thi nten e i to be served con ecutively to the entence for the underlying offence. Rather than increasing the length of the tenn to be er ed under s. 85, the new law will pr po eadifferentapproach. ection 85 will be retained as a general pro i ion, and as mentioned, expanded to include the use of an imitati n fire rm . ew se ti n will bc added, providing that when a per on is alleged to have committed ertain eriou offence with a firearm, mandat ry minimum entence offour years in prison will be impo ed - in addition to a mandatory lifetime pr hibition from possessing a restricted weap n. This will apply to the following 10 violent offences committed with a firearm : allell/pted murder (s.239), mall lallglrter (s.236), crimillalllegligell ce causillg deatlt (s.220), robbery (s.344), J.idllappillg (: .279), Ir ostage-takillg (s.279. J), lIal a ault witlt a weapoll (s.272), aggravated exu al a sault (s.273), extortioll {: .346), dl c" argeflrearm witlt illtefl t etc. (s.244). Firearms & Ammunition Trafficking Offences ffen e relating to illegal transfer offirearm will be reinfor ed and condensed into new offence to upp rt the propo ed firearm registration y tem. The range of offences includes I rge- ale criminal trafficking, possession for th purp e of trafficking and relatively minor ituati n where, fireann is transferred without the proper a qui ition or registration document . F r this reason, there will be no minimum puni hment applied to summary prosecuti n a e ; the normal maximum penalties of6 month r a 2,000 fine will apply. A minimum punishment of one year will apply where the ffen e i pr secuted on indictment. Where the person receiving the firearm d es not obtain the necessary permits, a five ye r maximum puni hment would apply with n pe ified minimum . n a fir t indictable conviction for any of the e offen e , a court could, at its di cretion, prohibilthe offender from possessing any fireanns for up to 10 years. On a subsequent indi table conviction, a mandatory prohibition order would be impo ed prohibiting the offender from owning a re tricted firearm for life and ny other fireann for 10 years. Additional offences of possessing stolen or muggled firearm will be created and made punishable by a mandatory minimum term of impris nment of one year, when proceeded \ ith by indictment. An offence of transferring ammunition to ny per on under I ,e cept the holder of a minors' permit, will be moved from the Exploive Regulations, and the transfer or acquisi-
tion of ammunition where the purchaser does not have proof of regi tration under the new system will become a Criminal Code offence. Unauthorized/unregistered possession of firearms To deter illegal possession of firearms, restricted or prohibited weapons, several new offences will be created. One of these will be applicable in cases where the accused is in posse ion of any firearm not authorized by a permit or certificate, or where the accused is authorized, but the firearm has not been registered. This offence will apply in cases where the breach of the possession or regi tration requirements was, or might have been, inadvertent. It will be punishable on summary conviction by a maximum 2,000 fine and six mon ths in jail, or on indictment by up to five years imprisonment. A second, more serious offence will apply in the same factual circumstances, but where the accused knew that he or she did not have the nece ary registration or authorization, and intentionally evaded these requirements. Where knowledge or intent was proven, the new offence will also require a minimum one year sentence on the second conviction. Finally, anyone who, without the necessary permits, carries a restricted or prohibited firearm when it is loaded, or when there is ammunition readily accessible, commits an offence punishable by a one year mandatory minimum prison term, if prosecuted on indictment. PROHIBITION MEASURES ection 100 of the Criminal Code requires the courts to impose a minimum 10 year prohibition on the possession of firearms for those convicted of a serious offence involving the use, the threat or an attempt of violence or a s.85 offence of using a firearm to commit an indictable offence. Courts are also required to consider prohibitions up to 10 years for less serious violent offences and other firearms offences, and may prohibit even if no offence has been committed where an application is made by police and a danger to safety exists. The new provisions will impose a mandatory lifetime prohibition against possession ofa restricted firearm when an indi-.ridual is convicted of a listed, serious, violent offence and will include the authority to impose prohibition
orders in other circumstances. Military Personnel Prohibition orders apply to Criminal Code convictions, but do not extend to the National Defence Act, which uses Criminal Code offences but has its own punishment provisions. The ational Defence Act and the Criminal Code would be amended to create discretionary powers for ourts Martial to prohibit offenders. In additIOn, military courts would have the optIon of prohib Iting the accused except In the course of duties as a member of the Canadian Forces, in order to avoid the automatIc di charge of every member who is prohibited. The Criminal Code amendment would deem military prohibitions to be Criminal Code prohibition , 0 that civilian authorities could enforce the orders and continue them even if the subject leaves the Canadian Forces before the order expires. Young Offenders Prohibition orders are available to yo uth courts, but are discretionary instead of mandatory. The proposal would amend the Young Offenders Act to subject young offenders to the same firearms prohibitions as adults for a given offence. The general policy of the Young Offenders Act is to mitigate the punishment of young offenders for reasons of diminished capacity and prospects for rehabilitation. These policy objectives are not affected by lack ofacce s to a fireann. Other changes would allow access to reco rds or other infonnation protected by the Young Offender Act where an offender later eeks to obtain a fireann, or where the Crown is eeking to seize fireanns or deny access to them . "Stalking" and drug offences The 1993 "stalking" (criminal harassment) offence provides specific powers to prohibit persons released on bail from possessing a firearm , but those convicted are subject only to di cretionary prohibition under s.100(2). The 1991 amendments extended prohibitions to drug smuggling and trafficking offences, but on a di cretionary basis only. The proposed changes would extend mandatory prohibitions to those convicted or released on bail for all of these offences, except where the court finds that access to a firearm would not endanger the safety of any person including the subject himlherself. "Proactive" orders, co-habitants or associates. Proactive prohibition orders may now be made where there is a danger to any person, but no offence has been committed. Under this proposal, the grounds for firearm seizures and prohibitions will be expanded to include danger arIsing from the reasonable likelihood that a prohibited person who resides or associates with the subject will have access to a fireann . The order will be limited to the length of the
-~~~~================~ 1?2 :J\==================~~~~ Jalluary, 1995
order made against the associate or co-resident, and a person subject to such an order could seek relief where the conditions under which it was made no longer applied. This would make it possible to prohibit, if necessary, an entire household from having firearm s where any single resident was dangerous and prohibited from possessing a firearm . Partial prohibition for
"sustenance" firearm users Prohibition orders can create exceptional hardship for a person who requires a firearm for sustenance. Limited discretion not to prohibit in such cases was added to the statute in the 1991 amendments, but the change gave the courts only an "all or nothing" power to prohibit completely, or make no order at all. The proposed amendment would create an additional option of partial prohibitions to allow limited access for use in hunting or trapping. Courts could make an order fit the specific circumstances ofthe accused where the accused would face exceptional hardships otherwise and public safety is not endangered. This change will allow courts to take account of traditional aboriginal lifestyles. BORDER CONTROLS Past Parliamentary committees and the Auditor General of Canada have both recommended legislative and administrative controls. Thus, tighter border controls and inspection procedures are proposed, the costs of which will be recovered from firearms importers and exporters. Modern data-processing and telecommunications technology will be used to reduce administrative costs. The measures include the tracking of firearms under a national registration system, new offence provisions, and the forfeiture ofvehicles used in smuggling, shipments containing contraband, and proceeds of smuggling and illegal trafficking. A number of measures have already been taken by Canada Customs under existing powers to increase surveillance and seize illegal imports. Import/export and the proposed
registration system The import inspection and registration process will be operated by Canada Customs officials who will ensure that accurate information is entered into the registration system as firearms enter or leave Canada. In the commercial context, they will also conduct inspections of firearms to control and deter careless or dishonest labelling or packing of shipments. REGISTRATION The proposed system will identify and track all firearms through retail and private transfers, imports and exports. It will also be designed to overcome problems in the existing system and reduce red tape and time delays. Fees will be set by regulation, and adj usted as necessary to achieve cost-recovery, and all fee regulations will be subject to Parliamentary
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(committee) review under subsection 116(2) of the Criminal Code. The proposed changes will also delegate power to makc regulations governing the operation of the system . Registration will bring a greater degree of overall firearms control, and with ita number of direct benefits: deter and control theft, diversion and smuggling of firearms; ensure individual and business compliance with transfer and safe storage requirements; as istance in police investigations; enable police in domestic violence situations to better prepare themselves where they know a firearm is present in the home; enable police to enforce court prohibition orders by ensuring that all firearms owned by the individuals have been turned in; license access to ammunition (further deterring illegal acquisition and smuggling); monitor firearm traffic through Canada, assisting international small-arms controls: and gather accurate statistical information about firearm numbers and ownership pattems. Transitional and implementation provisions The system will be co-ordinated with other changes presently being made to the Canadian Police Information Computer (CPIC) system .
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Identification of firearms and owners Firearms will be identified by make, model, erial number and other identifiers when they enter anada, are manufactured here, or if already in the possession of a gun owner, when they arc first registered on the system. Owners will be identified on the system, and linked to the types of firearm (if nonrestricted firearms) or individual firearms (if restricted firearms) which could lawfully be po sessed.
For non-restricted firearms, businesses will be able to enter sales onto the system automatically, and verify that the purchaser was entitled to acquire and possess the firearm. For restricted firearms the purchaser's eligibility would still have to be determined by the Registrar of Firearms, but the information and issuance, refusal or registration would be transmitted electronically, thereby reducing processing delays. Police agencies would be able to easily obtain information about firearms and owners, and to trace found or recovered firearms .
Controls on Ammunition Three major changes are proposed to control access to ammunition and ammunition components. As noted above, existing offences of transferring ammunition to a minor who does not have a permit for a firearm will be shifted from the Explosives Regulations to the Criminal Code, to emphasize their significance and permit ready enforcement by provincial and local police. The age limit will be brought into line with the 1993 increase of the age for Firearms Acquisition Certificate applicants from 16 to 18. As part of the proposed registration system, a registration or possession document will be required in order to purchase ammunition. Until the system is fully implemented, however, not every legitimate firearm owner will have these documents, and during the implementation period, existing documents will still be used, and regulations will be amended to include other forms of common identification. The authority to regulate the "storage, display, handling and transportation" of firearms under the Criminal Code will also be extended to ammunition, and the regulations will be expanded to set the same standards for storing ammunition as now apply to firearms.
A new publication will be coming your way in 1995
The law enforcement officer's news magazine MARKHAM - The publisher of Blue Line Magazine has announced the introduction of a new magazine geared to current news of specific interest to persons involved in the law enforcement field . "This news magazine will be just that," Morley Lymbumer, publisher of Blue Line Magazine announced in December, " It will contain short news clips of events from across Canada that specifically touch on the police and law enforcement community." The format of the publication will put the
news up front and foremost Lymburner added. "Quite often we hear rumours of stories from a small area but fail to get the news in a condensed and selective manner. Cops are forced to read local papers and try to cut through all the useless news to get to what is of interest to them," Lymbumer stated. "The idea of 'Ten-Seven ' is to get the right news, from the right places to the right people." The publ ication is scheduled for release to a paid SUbscription base by September of this year. Lymbumer announced he will be giving the readers of Blue Line a monthly preview in a column the
Respon sibility for sy stem operation Central functions ofthe existing system are managed by the RCMP, with local and regional matters dealt with by police agencies and the chief provincial firearms officers. The proposed changes are intended to preserve effective federal co-ordination ofthe system, while improving efficiency and according the provinces more influence in the setting of national policy. The authority to prescribe statutory instruments such as certificates and permits will be transferred from the RCMP Commissioner to the Attorney General. An individual will be appointed as Registrar of Firearms, to take full-time responsibility for managing the registration system. The Registrar will be appointed by the Commissioner of the RCMP.
Police and military firearms Canadian Forces firearms and firearms possessed by visiting foreign forces are already tracked by the Department of National Defence and will be excluded from the system. These include regular service weapons, those in authorized military museums, and those in the hands offoreign military personnel seconded to the Canadian Forces or in Canada under the Visiting Forces Act. Police service firearms will also be tracked, but by a separate system maintained by the RCMP. This requirement, now optional, will become mandatory. Firearms temporarily in police hands (e.g. evidence firearms, seizures, surrendered guns etc.) will be entered onto the registration system, to ensure that system searches are able to trace them. Those who possess firearms on behalf of the Department of National Defence or the police (e.g. suppliers, repair contractors) will be tracked by either the Department of National Defence or police system and opted out of the main registry.
Local advisory council The administration of the legislation raises particular concerns in remote northern and aboriginal communities, where municipal or band council members may be more aware of community circumstances than the firearms officer, who is often a police officer from outside the community. An effort will be made to increase the use of local officials as firearm officers, who need not be police officers under the statute. Where th is is not practicable, however, this proposed change would allow the Attorney General of Canada to appoint a local advisory council to function as a liaison between the firearms officer and the community. In addition, aboriginal communities will be consulted on all aspects ofthe program ' s implementation, to ensure that their aboriginal and treaty rights are respected .
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January, 1995
Banned Firearms
FIREARM· PROHBITIONS
Previously Restricted Now Prohibited
Prohibited as of January 1, 1995
.. ,.0,\
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The following are all previously restricted weapons that, under the new policy, will now be prohibited. People who are the registered owners ofthese firearms as of January 1st, will be permitted to keep them for life, but may not transfer or sell them to another person. Weapon Type
Number Registered
4,091 1. AK-47 and variants 199 2. Armalite AR-I80 3. Auto-Ordnance 975 -M27AI/MI927A-3 15 4. Beretta AR-70 5. Bushmaster Assault Rifle 23 1 6. Cetme Sporter 71 7. Commando Arms Carbine 8. Daewoo K-I, K-2, MAX-I, MAX-2, -AR-IOO,AR-1I0C 318 9. Demro Tac-IM Carbine 23 10. Eagle "Apache" Carbine 11 11. FN-FAL and variants 6,000 12. FNC-II, 22, 33 (incl. above) 13. Galil 571 14. Goncz High-Tech Carbine 0
These firearms are all recent models of assault pistols, combat shotguns or assault rifles and carbines. They must be deactivated, turned in to police, or otherwise disposed of.
1. Handguns (by statute) to be grandfathered (555,200 in total) .25 calibre .32 calibre, and all calibres of 105 mm and under in barrel length 2. Handguns (by Order in Council effective Jan 1/95) - 9 makes of assault pistols (38 in total) 3. Paramilitary/Military (l3, 172 in total) a) by Order in Council firearms already restricted moving up to prohibited effective January I, 1995 - 21 types affected (hundreds of variants) b) by Order in Council, new models of combat shotguns and assault rifles & carbines effective Jan. 1195
Assault Pistols I.OA-93 2. "patriot" semiautomatic pistols 3. XM 2315 4. AA Arms Model AP-9 5. Kimel Industries, AP-9 6. Grendel P-30 7. Claridge Hi-Tec model S, L, T, pistols 8. Steyr SPP Assault Pistol 9. Maadi "Griffin" Pistol Combat Shotguns . 1. Franchi SPAS-I5 2. Benelli M I Super 90 3. Bernadelli B4 Shotgun Rifles & Carbines I. Maadi "Griffin" rifle & carbine 2. AA Arms model AR-9 rifle & carbine 3. Claridge Hi-Tec C, Lec-9 & Zlec-9 4. Kinel Industries AR-9 rifle or carbine 5. Grendel R-31 auto carbine
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NOTE: The Colt AR-15 and the Ruger Mini-14 will be prohibited following the passage of legislation to permit this. Once again, present owners will be permitted to keep them for life.
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McDonald's swaps fries for toy weapons Brandon - I ley, kids! Be the first on your block to tum in your toy gun and get free french fries. Brandon Mayor Rick Borotsik declared aturday December 3, "Weapon Are For Adults ot hildren" day in hi city of38,000 in western Manitoba. On that day, children were encouraged to trade in their toy weapon for french frie . gt. Leon Flannigan says the purpose of the day i to get kids to give up violent toy and make parents aware of what their kids are playing with . "I played with guns a a kid and I don't believe it did me any harm," Flannigan aid. "But based on what I've read and on my own e perience, there are ome kid it doe do harm to." gt. Flannigan reports that "quite a few kids" came out and that the p lice handed outover250 pamphlets. "We didn'tgetmany toy guns," he says, "but we received other potentially dangerous toys. Our main thru t was not the weapons. Rather we were hoping to persuade parent to be more elective in the toy they buy for their children." Flannigan and hris de Gobeo, owner/operator of the Brandon McD nald' outlets, say getting rid of toy guns will prevent the pos ibility ofa police officer drawing a gun on a kid with a toy. "A lot of tho e water pistols are made the exact ame ize and color as real guns," say de Gobeo. Flannigan ay on IIalloween, p lice got a call about a kid carrying a fake machine gun. "We used caution in going there," he says. A e ample, he notices that me hard pIa tic toy knives can be hard enough to cause lacerations and poke out an eye and ome kid c n change harmless projectiles into ones with sharpened pint . As well, ome toy weapons look realistic that they could be mi taken for the real thing and po e a danger to the child and poli e officers. "This program has come at a good time for us," Flannigan says. "It fits in with our cho I presentations about weapon not being allowed in schools."
Petty crimes to get slower response, new Toronto chief says In 1995, Toronto police will stop responding to certain types of crimes on an emergency basis, the force's chief-designate says. But although David Boothby didn't reveal which crimes will be handled on a lower priority, he made it clear the e would be minor crime . Anything serious or lifethreatening would bring police officers immediately, he said. Toronto has for some time had initiatives such as reporting centres for minor traffic accidents. They free patrol officers to deal with serious crime instead of spend ing hours sorting out fender-benders. "We can't answer every call. Police on patrol are in a responsive mode 80 or 90 per cent of the time," he said . This is because patrol officers were bu y dealing with minornonemergencies such as flower pot thefts as well as serious crimes like violence.
Court refuses to review ruling on police use of deadly force WASHINGTON (AP) - The U . . Supreme Court refused last month to review a ruling that lets police shoot people who try to escape while awaiting criminal trials, even if they are unarmed and pose no apparent threat to the officers or the pUblic. The court, without comment, turned away arguments in a Houston-area case that the u e of such deadly force violates the constitutional rights of "pretrial detainees" who are shot while trying to escape. Thejustices in 1985 struck down a Tennessee "fleeing felon" law by ruling that police may not shoot unarmed, fleeing criminal suspects who pose no immediate danger. But a federal appeals court ruled in the Houston case that the 1985 ruling doesn't apply once a criminal suspect has been arrested - even if that person has not yet stood trial. Roland Brothers was arrested and jailed in Jersey Village, Tex ., for auto theft in November 1988.
Judge who created police force dies
Man turns
on oven, takes cover FORT WAYNE, Ind. (AP) Ready, aim, bake! Joe Carlisle called police one unday night last month after he heard gunshots hitting his house. I Ie told police someone was shooting from outside. But police found Carlisle had placed a loaded semiautomatic handgun in his oven that night, forgot it was there, then turned on the oven . The gun warmed up and fired bullets through the oven into kitchen walls. No one was injured. Police had no explanation for why Carlisle, 31, left the gun in the oven.
Because there were outstanding warrants for his arrest on other theft charges, Jersey Village police turned him over to Harris County sheriffs deputies. Brothers, who had escaped from county deputies twice before, was handcuffed and placed in leg restraints while driven to the county jail. But at the jail, Brothers fled from the car while the two deputies he was with left it temporarily. I Ie somehow had removed the handcuffs and leg restraints. The deputies shouted at him to stop, but he did not. They then drew their guns and fired 12 times. Brothers, hit by three bullets, was killed. His family sued the Harris County sheriff and the county, attacking as unconstitutional the policy that allows deputies to shoot in such circumstances. A federal judge threw out the lawsuit, and the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the dismissal by a 2-1 vote last August.
TORONTO -JudgeCharles(Bob) Bick, who created the Metropolitan Toronto police force in 1957, died of heart failure. He was 85 . Bick was appointed in 1956 to create one police force from the 13 local forces in the Toronto area. He had the force's cars painted yellow so they could be seen from adistance- today the cars are white with blue and red markings - and came up with the motto, "To Serve and Protect." Bick was also the first chairman of the Metropolitan Toronto
Police Commission and during his 21 years at the helm he championed better training for officers. In 1977, the police college named in his honour opened in suburban Scarborough. Bick was an optometrist and a local reeve of the then village of Forest Hill when he was appointed head of the police commission . I Ie kept the job after he was appointed as a provincial judge. "I'm not a figurehead and I don't expect to be one," he said . Bick made it clear he was head of the force, not the police chiefof the day. That led to the often-asked question : "Have we got two police chiefs orone?" said Gywn (Jocko) Thomas, a retired crime reporter for the Toronto Star. Bick is survived by his wife Margaret, sons Charles and Donald, daughter Catherine, several grandchildren and a great-granddaughter. He died November 29th and a private funeral was held o n Wednesday November 30th.
q~~"~=================(16 ~ '-==================-i,~-;:;;-J;m Jalluary, 1995
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Police complaints must be reduced, says commissioner BELLEVILLE, Ont. - Ontario's Police Complaints Commission must reduce the number of minor complaints it investigates, the acting commissioner says. "We can't continue to average 4,000 complaints a year where formal, lengthy investigations are necessary," Susan Watt said on the final stop ofan eight-city tour to get input on the fou r-year-old commission. Since the commission was formed to oversee civilian complaints about police action, it has processed about 15,000 complaints. More than 80 formal investigations have been called. "One of the initiatives we're
B.C. Judges sending more young offenders to jail says corrections official VANCOUVER - An increase in the number ofyoung ofTenderssent to prison in British Columbia since April suggests judges are reacting to public concerns about youth crime, says a corrections official. The total number of youths convicted of property crimes and crimes against people are about the same as they were in 1993. Yet the number of young offenders being incarcerated has gone up 21 per cent since April. "There is no change in the profile of these kids going into custody," Chris Beresford, a policy analyst with the corrections branch in Victoria, said last month. "It basically reflects the fact that the judiciary is sending more people into custody." That means offenders who a year ago would have been sentenced to community work or probation are beingjailed for the same crimes, Beresford said. The trend has led to doublebunking in overcrowded youth detention centres.
looking at is setting up pilot projects in certain locations that would informally resolve minor complaints," Watt said Wednesday. Many complainants aren't after a formal hearing but simply want an apology or an explanation for an officer's actions, she said. Watt has been meeting with police boards, police management and officers for advice on how to reform the commission. She said provisions in the Police Services Act to informally resolve police complaints have been "grossly under-used" and several models will be tested to address the problem.
Cops to get u.s. agency pepper spray helps ST. JOHN'S, Nfld. - Some members of a Newfoundland police force are being armed with pepper spray. The spray will be used by members of the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary in Comer Brook and St. John's. The officers involved have been trained and will use the spray only when a subject becomes aggressive, says Insp. Craig Kenny. The Newfoundland government has forbidden constabulary members from carrying guns, even though many officers say the firearms are necessary. The pepper spray may soon be used in Labrador as well, where officers are currently undergoing the training.
Officer made "severe oversight" in murder investigation EDMONTON -A senior Sherwood Park RCMP officer was guilty of a "severe oversight" by concluding two men gunned down execution-style were electrocuted, the force says. "He failed to attend the scene of the crime and to provide necessary assistance and guidance to investigating officers," said Chief Supt. Don McDermid, who released the findings of his sevenweek internal review ofthe botched murder investigation December 5th. "It was a severe oversight not to have done what's expected of him," McDermid said ofthe supervisor he refused to identify. Tim Orydzuk, 33, and James Deiter, 24, both employees ofCPL Paperboard Ltd., were found inside the Sherwood Park paper plant in October. Police initially said the men were electrocuted and didn't discover they were murdered until 36 hours later. "He made a hasty conclusion that it was an accidental death," McDermid said. The officer, who has been with
I~~I'
the force for about 25 years, has not been disciplined and continues to work at the Sherwood Park detachment. He will be investigated under the RCMP Code of Conduct. Penalties range from reprimand to dismissal. Police have no suspects and are continuing their investigation into the shootings.
Ontario cops trace weapons
TORONTO - Ontario police forces are working with U.S. authorities to crack down on illegal weapons flowing into Canada. Det. Insp. Barry Hill of Criminal Intelligence Service Ontario said any unregistered weapon used in a crime can now be traced by the U.S . Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms through an unofficial agreement. He said the U.S. agency began tracing weapons found in Ontario about six months ago. Police say 90 per cent of all Canadian weapons, legal and illegal, originate in the U.S. Criminal Intelligence Service Ontario was formed in 1966 to exchange information between Ontario police forces.
-ARMOUR? WHY WOULD' HU'D ARMOUR? ... NOTHING EV[R HAPPENS AROUND H[REI •••
~~~~~~~P~J ---------~~ January, 1995 0 ~
What Is "ASS"
ABS Equipped Cars Higher Rollover Risk ..,. R . New research Ind/cal11s ASS brakes may not be as safe as people think By 10m ala}
Despite the fact that cars equipped with ABS brakes (for full description see sidebar story) are less likely to be involved incollisions, anew study being released by a General Motors researcher, concludes that AB equipped cars are sig- Two common types o/police vehicles are built by Ford and nificantly more prone to be in- Chevrolet. 80th types now come equipped with A8S but volved in collisions that result drivers should not get over confident with driving habits. in rollovers then cars without the high-tech brake . The increased rollover rates are however not physically attributable to the ABS sy tem . It is theorised by the researcher that the increased rollover rates result from aggre sive drivers who push their vehicles clo er to the edge, consuming the extra afety margin provide by the high-tech brake system . These road-warriors drive at higher peed and closer to the edge because of the uperior stopping ability of the ABS y tem . TheendresultmaybethattheABS brake do in fact get them out of the initial colli ion, but then in tum allow them to travel further off the roadway into conditions more likely to cause a rollover. The tudy showed that cars equipped with AS brakes were involved in 44% more rollover crashes then the same cars without AB brakes, At the same trme, AS equipped cars also showed a 17% lower risk of being involved in crashes on wet roads, and 49% less risk of colliding with pedestrians. These re ults are based on collision information collected in 1992 and 1993 in th tates of Missouri and Texas, where d tailed collision records are kept. Transport anada statistics released in a report earlier this year also found that cars with AB brake were less likely to be involved in collision - 9% fewer collisions than cars without the benefits of AB . Anyone who has driven an ABS equipped car can probably relate a peronal story about how the system prevent d a collision by allowing them to remain in control of their vehicle. The technology has also been proven to b quite reliable from a maintenance perpechve. A number of car makers such as ener I Motors have expressed an intent to m, ke AB brakes standard on all their vehicle within the next several model years.
The bottom line seems to be that we should not allow the ABS systems to seduce us into believing that we can drive twice as fast and still come to a safe stop when things go wrong.
• ABS is the acronym for the German words 'Anti-Blockier System." ABS brakes (also known as anti-lock breaks) work usmg a microprocessor and a series of monitors that detect the rate of wheel rotation. When the system detects that a wheel is about to stop rotating, it reduces and then reapplies brake pressure to thatwheel effectively keeping the wheel on thethresh~ oldoflocking-up. Itisatthis threshold that braking is the most effective. Some vehicles like to Ford Crown Victoria, also use the system to provide traction control, which works in reversedetecting wheel rotation greater than the other wheels, and applymg brake pressure to equalise wheel spin . Many police agencies provide mandatory training for all personnel before allowing the personnel to drive vehicles with ABS.
EBMONEY
: CONCEPTS
by Cilldy Malazdrewicz
In the upcoming issues, we are planning to present a series of articles that will help you with your money management and financial planning for the present and for the future. The focus of our first two articles will be RRSP's .... one of the only tax havens that our government allows us ... and who knows how long that will continue in its present form! !! Is maintaining a comfortable lifestyle important to you when you retire? If so, your RRSP is the single most important investment that you will make. Government deficits are looming, inflation is a fact, the uncertainty of the availability of government pensions in the future, and the increasing tax burden on the individual, all dictate that astute financial management is absolutely critical to one's quality of life down the road. In light of the upcoming February 22nd budget, there have been several issues raised about RRSP's. The contribution level is currently at 18% of earned income, with the maximum being $13,500 for the 1994 tax year. This amount is adjusted by the contribution made by you, or by your employer, to your pension plan at work (i.e. your PA or pension adjustment). There is talk of dropping the level to 16%. This would be lucrative to the government, as it would impact
most contributors. Since 1991, there has been the ability to carry the "unused contribution room" forward if not used in a particular year. In years when income is very low and the tax break would be minimal, it could be advantageous to postpone RRSP contribution to a year of higher earnings where the tax savings would be higher. There are rumblings that Ottawa may disallow this carry forward of the unused RRSP room. Another aspect of the current RRSP legislation that is widely taken advantage of, is over-contributing $8000 to your RRSP. Beyond this amount, Revenue Canada levies a penalty tax of 1% per month . No tax receipt is issued for this over-contribution, and it is made with after-tax dollars. There is a double taxation impact, and therefore the money must be left in the RRSP for as long as possible - a minimum of about 14 years is necessary for the power of compounding to have its positive effect. Will this go too? The bottom line is, review your present circumstances and ifthere are benefits for you, maximize your RRSP, do any past carry forward and make the $8000 overcontribution. If you need assistance in determining the benefits for you, contact an independent financial planner or call me at (905) 642-4540 or Fax (905) 642-4537.
~~~~~~~================~ 18~================~~~~ Jalluary, 1995
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Reuniting owners with lost or stolen property
In addition, Tracker has identified and educated some 200,000 "Tracker Friendly" sites and venues across North America, to be on the lookout for Tracker-labeled items and initiate the recovery process. The very ~----=--"""'__: : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I nature of Tracker's recovery In almost every North service epitom izes the spirit of cooperation and their comAmerican city, a warehouse munications campaign ensits with "lost" property recovered by the police and courages the reporting of lost unclaimed by owners. Unitems found by "good samarifortunately, these personal tans" all across the continent. belongings will simply be Tracker' s recovery service auctioned off to the public provides a number of benefits to its network partners _ the at a fraction of their value. The Tracker Corporalatest in property department tion, a North American commanagement technology, a pany, is launching a new system that ensures the quick lost and found recovery identification of property, a reduction in human resource reservice th at will dramatically quirements at property sites, increase people's chances of recovering lost or stolen aran effective time management ticles.1t is expected to make tool for inventory control, a a serious dent in the $1 bildependable system to increase lion a year problem in North recovery rates by owners, and America -the safe return of recovered lost United States and law enforcement agen- a "quick-response" mobile scanner to aid and stolen property to its rightful owners. cies across North America. To date, a total law enforcement agencies in their investiAccording to the managers of Police of 16 Canadian Police Forces have signed gations. Property Departments, Tracker' s recovery on, including the Metropolitan Toronto Initially, Tracker will market the servtechnology will allow a more efficient use Police Force, the Victoria Police Force, the ice in North America, even though Tracker of property departments and better use of Niagara Regional Police Service, the will be available to scan items lost worldhuman resources . But most important, Charlottetown Police Force, the Halifax wide. The company' s central database in Tracker Recovery Stations ensure a better Police Force, and the Winnipeg Police Canada will be headquartered in Toronto, rate of return of goods that end up in police Force, to name a few. with U.S . headquarters in Phoenix, Ariwarehouses. In the United States, Tracker' s initiative zona. Anyone in North America can call 1Approximately 90 per cent of recov- of a strategic alliance and crime concern 800-361-8725 for more information. If you are interested in becoming a ered lost or stolen items remain unclaimed partnership with the National Sheriffs' Asdue to a lack of proper identification. sociation (NSA) has received unanimous Tracker partner, please call Doug Morelli, Tracker will help reunite these possessions approval of State Executive Directors and Director of Marketing, The Tracker Corwith their original owners by using state- Presidents and is to go before the Executive poration (416) 595-6222 or 1-800-361of-the-art technology - a digitally-en- Board of the NSA in September 1995. 8725 . coded label that contains "hidden", or confidential information. The difficult-to-remove adhesive label is designed to be placed on valuables both in the home and items that "travel" with you everyday. If the item is ever lost or stolen and recovered the label can be scanned with special Extensive line of outerwear including high~tech scanning equipment, revealing Jackets, Parkas, Insulated Pants, Bicycle vital information such as the owner's name Foul Weather Suits & Shorts and address, through Tracker Member Services and their central database. The Full range of fabrics to choose from owner is then notified by telephone and has Waterproof breathables, Leathers the option of picking up the item in person, or having it delivered to the home or office Zip-In Zip-Out Insulations via overnight courier. made with Thinsulate Recovery Stations are located in police property departments and lost and found departments of high-traffic venues such as transit systems, amusement parks, hotels, shopping malls, airports, and tourist attractions. Scanners will also be located in the depots of national courier companies. For example, Purolator Courier in Canada, UPSlMailbox and DHL Worldwide in the
actical Shotgun Techniques that Work When it comes to weapons we all must carefully balance a variety of needs and wants with the realities of budgets. But the most effective and least understood weapon may already be at your disposal! by
Dave BrowlI
vived the ' encounter' to learn from his mistakes and try another pass. The desperation and the noise were frightfully real. So was the heart-pounding adrenaline. While many law enforcement agencies can access a dizzying array of modem technology, the realities of modem budgets require maximum utilization of existing resources in the most efficient manner. One of the best weapons at an officer's disposal, the shotgun , is often the most under used or mishandled. While only one option in an officer's store, it is a very effective one in certain situations. This requires knowledge as to the capabilities of the shotgun , and proper training to prove these abilities to the officer.
Training: What's Been Wrong With It So Far? The modem patrol officer receives many hours of quality handgun training. Courses offered now reflect more on practical scenarios. Much of the shift away from the ' target' shooting to the practical shooting of today is due to the increasing popularity of certain pistol competitions. Many techniques now taught at modem academies were tested and proven under the stress of competition. The more traditional shooting methods were discarded. Why has quality training not always trickled down to the shotgun? Maybe because, outside particular geographic areas, there is little competition shotgun shooting. It requ ires more awareness with in the law enforcement community to the 'combat' style of shotgunning in order to upgrade the quality of shotgun training. In the mean time, let's go over some basic techniques that were tested and proven in competition. They may also save your life.
More Myths Than Elvis fficer Ed Murtz, couldn ' t believe what he jut aw. II is first three shots from the 12 gauge pump had all missed his intended target. Thirty six pellets of hot buckshot in the air, at close range yet, and they all just ailed past. Worse! A bystander off to the ide had lumped to the pavement with that la t hot. Ilow was it possible to miss at uch a clo e distance? esperately he slapped the pump forward onto his last shell and yanked the trigger again . ' Click! ' Now, it was only a useless wood-andteel paperweightthat he held in his hands; too mall even to hide behind. While the fir t three shots had only seemed to he muffled ' pops ' in the background, surprisingly the last ' click' was the loudest noise
officer Murtz had ever heard in his life. Now all he could do was close his eyes and pray.
Welcome to the Real World This is not shotgun shooting atthe local skeet field! Instead, asupposedly 'straightforward ' afternoon warrant-serving goes tragically wrong or perhaps that one more 'routine' car stop before punching out for the night ends in gunfire. Short-stroke your pump out there on the skeet field and you suffer, at worst, a little embarrassment. Do the same here on the street and the resu Its cou Id very well be fatal. Thatdeafening ' click' may be the last sound you hear. Fortunately for officer Murtz his target was only a large steel plate. The ' bystanders' were all cardboard and he sur-
" But.. . wait a second," you are saying. " Didn ' t we just say this was the real world, and not some target shooting competition?" Yes, and there is a world of difference between Practical Shooting and practical shooting. Competitive pistol shooters rarely have targets that shoot back, and simulated ' bystanders' never sue, even if you do accidentally nick a good guy. But there are more myths surrounding the use of the shotgun than all the treasures of Atlantis combined. It is on Iy through the scientific testing of some of these myths out on a live range under real world conditions that we can see what really works ... and what doesn ' t. While competition may truly approximate that gut-clenching fear of a real life encounter, itcomes as close as possible toa fair test of techniques and abilities under stress.
~~~~~~~==========================~ 20 ~==============================~~~a~lIu~a;r~y~,719~9~5
Now, without pulling any punches, let's start with myth # I that states: Shotguns are not aimed, but pointed. Let the pattem spread make up for any lack of accuracy. This may work fine out ofa duck blind or on the trap field, but, unless your perpetrator is four inches in diameter and flying through the air, you should never rely on pattern spread to get the job done. The fact is at close ranges, and even with rudimentary sights, shotguns are amazingly accurate, if aimed properly. But, they must be aimed. Anyone who tells you different shou ld put their padded shooting vest back on and hope that every close-in encounter begins with someone yelling "Pull!" Shotguns can be very quick shooting and they easily exceed the speed of the fastest handgun, especially on mUltiple targets. But this speed is realized through instinctive sight acquisition and not through any pattern spread. At typical five-yard encounter distances there is little appreciable widening; only a characteristic ragged 'rat-hole' in the target. Try it yourself. Even five-yard targets may seem embarrassingly small when you miss them at that distance - if you don't aim. It is also for this reason that shotguns are almost never fired from the hip. While the F.B.1. optimistically refers to an 'assault-fire position,' don't fall for it. With proper training the action of mounting the gun can become one smooth, fluid motion, and to hesitate at a low hip position will only cause you to have to think and, thus, to ultimately slow down. While many people can dial in the windage from the hip, it is virtually impossible to quickly discern elevation and the shot often sails harmlessly overhead. Save hip shooting for targets that are within arms-length and don't waste too much valuable training time practising it when this time is better spent on proper mounting and aiming. Down to the Short Strokes Myth #2 is commonly heard amongst experienced shotgun shooters and goes something like: Pump-action shotguns are too prone to short-stroke. Let's take a closer look at what happened to officer Murtz in his efforts to pump his shotgun quickly under pressure. Problems can arise from strokes shorter than necessary to eject a fired shell and reload a fresh one or from strokes weaker than needed to clear the fired hull from the port. The result will usually be a hung shotgun or a 'click' of the trigger when the shooter fully expects a 'bang.' All of these problems are called a 'short-
stroke' and pump shotguns are inherently notorious for this when used under pressure. This myth may be more fact than fiction but there is a way to avoid this. Using two simple techniques, we can banish the possibility of ever short-stroking the pump action. We are, instead, going to use the design of the shotgun to prevent short-strokes. This design is based around maintaining a fully locked action during the firing sequence, but releasing the lock after the shot has left the barrel. If you pump forward on the shotgun you will notice that the action locks closed
and only unlocks through the depression of an external action- release button, or the pulling ofthe trigger. In fact, left to its own devices, a pump-action shotgun wants the action to open and begin the eject-reload sequence. If you tire a pump-action shotgun without holding the pump, it will still open and start to kick out the flfed shell. As a shooter, all you have to do is keep this momentum going and merely assist in what the shotgun wants to do naturally. This will require that you immediately pump the shotgun as soon as the trigger is pulled back. This must be done with no discemible pause between the pull of the trigger and the pump ofthe action. The pump should follow only microseconds behind the trigger. (pumping before the trigger, depending on the make of the shotgun, can lead to a hung action or a shot pulled right off the target.) Let the shotgun literally do all the work; you merely help it along. In practice, this will be done totally unconsciously by the shooter, and the shotgun will fire and then be reloaded almost instantly, withoutthinking. Thinking about working the action will only slow you down, but pumping naturally means that a pump action can eve!'! equal semi-autos for speed. (Continued on page 22)
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------------~9~J --------~~ January, 1995 ------------------\~ ~
To practice th is tech- F;;;!==l;;:;;;~:;::;:::;;;'5;;!~nnnr:rrl'PI5;;;::;;:;;::;;:;;:;:;:::;:;;::::;:;;:;::;;;:==i1n The F. B.1. teach just nique, start with an empty such a speed loading shotgun . (Better double technique that can result ch ckthatgun!Areyousure in that type of speed in both chamber and magatraining. In practice, zine tube real/yare empty?) however, the conseDry-fire the shotgun so that quences can sometimes there i no audible sound be deadly. from the hammer falling. The F.B.1. shotgun Rather than ' click pump,' speed loading technique there should only be requIres the gun to be 'pump! ' held by the right hand At the same time, get around the grip, down at into the habit of always waist level horizontally lamming the pump fully at your side. A spare shell forward or fully rearward. is fished out of your left Never baby the pump of a coat pocket, aligned so shotgun . Rather, use forcethe brass head is against ful, full strokes, whether your little finger, and then you are practising, loading, rolled into the loading unloading, or shooting. port from beneath the reThe proper use ofthese ceiver. This technique two techniques, always depends on two prem ises. pumping immediately after '--_ _ _ _ _.0...-_..,;: One, that you will posth trigger, and always pumping forcefire the same gun just as your game breaks sess the fine motor skills necessary during fully , will ensure that you never again cover and bounds towards safety. Drop it this extremely stressful time so that you have a hort-stroke. now with one shot and you won ' t feel a will not excitedly fling the shell over top of Myth #3 is perhaps one reason why the receiver in your haste. Second, that you thing. many officers do not train or practice with This is why training can be conducted are not left-handed! a hotgun as often as they should: Philosophy professors like to tell us effectively with light target loads of "OlgllllS have 100 milch recoil and mllZbirdshot, even ifthe shotgun is carried with that arguments based on false premises are zle-blast for the average officer 10 hallbuckshot or slugs. This is also why officers called fallacies. One begins to wonder if die. of any stature or gender can fire a shotgun the F.B.1. ever actually tried this technique Any officer involved in firing a gun quickly and competently with the proper with either left-handed shooters or officers during a real encounter would be glad to wearing gloves. initial training. tell you how false this is. While there may Here is another technique that is much A Very Expensive Club be a lot of noise and blast from the muzzle Okay, this all sounds great, but what if simpler. After the shotgun makes that final thi goe almost unnoticed by the officer. our fictional officer Murtz had emptied the empty ' click,' pump forcefully to the rear, The presence of adrenaline in the human shotgun instead of short-stroking it. Should leaving the pump back, and gripping the body during a stressful situation can do he now just start swinging it? Trying to shotgun in your weak hand right at the amazing things . One of them is to create stuff extra shells into a shotgun just has to point ofba~ance below the loading port. As a type of ' tunnel-awareness' in which be much, much slower than reloading a your strong hand dives into your strongthere is little external world beyond the handgun. Right? Buzzzzz! Wrong! You side coat pocket for a spare shell, tilt the shotgun sideways so that the port is up . sight and the target. Gunfire is often rejust fell for myth #4: duced to the sound of mild 'pops ' in the SIIotguns are too slow to reload once Now, without worrying about being fancy background. or precise, merely drop the shell into the sllot dry. Recoil i something that may he a Speed loading a shotgun may sound port and simultaneously pump forward , factor in training, but is rarely noticed on like an oxymoron, but any officer should resume your strong hand grip, and mount the str et. If you choose not to believe be able to maintain a constant volume of the shotgun back up to your shoulder. This this, try going to the rifle rangejust before fife, consistently firing one shot every three technique requires only that you get the hunting eason and sighting-in your highseconds, starting with an empty shotgun, front of the shell to the front. Do not feed power rifle. Now, that's recoil! Then, go for as long as the spare ammunition supply it in or worry about how it lands when it out to your favourite hunting field and hits the port. When the pump goes forward holds out.
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-~~~~================~ 22 ~ Jallllary,1995 ~================~~~~
it wilI feed. The entire tactical shotgun accessory industry may hate me for saying th is but alI those fancy spare shelI carriers and holders you can hang on various parts of your gun or your body only serve to slow you down. The best place for your spare she lIs is held loosely in a large strong-side pocket. Test the above technique out on the range and you wilI find that it can be accomplished smoothly and without drama, again and again, in a much shorter time than it takes to describe it. Test the F.B.1. method and you may find that it can be just as fast. Try it again under the stress of a timed competition with other officers looking on and now see what happens. (Oops! There goes another shelI launched over the top. Sure hope you got lots of spares!) The justification for techniques that teach holding the shotgun in our right hand at the hip position while reloading implies that you may need to shoot the gun quickly while reloading. Unless you have a death wish , however, an empty shotgun poses a very limited threatto an armed adversary, nor should you even attempt to shoot from the hip regardless of the condition. Instinctively mount and aim it properly and the encounter may be over instantly. It is far better to hit accurately with one shot than to miss wildly with eight.
One Riot ••• One Shotgun We have often termed the modern shotgun a "riot gun ." This spawns our final myth #5:
Shotgulls are 1I0t accurate ellough for close quarters. They are ollly useful for riot cOlltrol. If you realIy believe this one, better pray that you are never confronted by a riot. The skip-shooting technique offiring smalI pelIets into the ground in front of a mob to get them to disperse may have worked in the less litigious 1960 ' s, butthe modern mob, when fired upon, is more likely to angrily charge toward you, forcefulIy remove that shotgun from your hands, stick the business end up your butt, and pulI the trigger. Then they'lI sue your estate. Any firearm must always be treated as deadly force and, as such, should only he used in situations where the use of deadly force may be justified. There is always the danger that any projectile can end up in places that were neither wanted nor intended. There is no reason why a shotgun cannot be fired with extreme accuracy at close ranges. With knowledge as to pattern, choke, and, most importantly, the ability
Jalluary, 1995
of the shooter, neutralizing a target in close proximity to non-targets can be accomplished in very short periods of time. For example, a typical short-barre lIed 12 gauge with an improved cylinder choke will typicalIy keep alI buckshot pelIets within an eight inch circle at seven yards. Test your own shotgun to see if it can keep its duty loads within the area of a head at a likely encounter distance. While shotguns are traditionalIy not used as entry weapons by emergency response teams, learn and test the capabilities and there is no reason why they cannot be used in such close-quarters shooting under critical conditions. This relies heavily on proper training from instructors who know these capabilities, and consistent practice to prove to the officers that they do possess the ability to quickly neutralize targets . A shotgun wilI never replace a rifle for accurate aimed fire, but what ifyour backup is minutes or even hours away, and you have to deal with a situation right now. If you have a reasonably open mind you may be thinking that some of these techniques bear investigation. Ifyou are satisfied they work, test them again under competition conditions. It may be the closest that you will come to stress under fire short of a real gun battle. Learn what a shotgun can do, and what it cannot do. Realistic training leads to law enforcement officers with greater confidence in their own abilities, greater public safety, and fewer accidental holes in the ceiling. This mayor may not help you win weekend competitions with your shotguns, but you stand a much better chance of winning out there in the big arena, the real world . The ultimate trophy is going home safely at the end of every shift. And that's what realIy counts.
,.~=~'" s;:,~t (~
Edged Weapons Attacks Approach Techniques ~~ __ "~ Ten Common Errors "'J;,r 'no"":--(fl \ Concepts of survival
ff,
Dave Brown has been a professional firearms instructor for the past 8 years. Among his many credits he has provided training to many government organizations and police departments on a contract basis and has worked as a technical advisor to the Military Police to coach and instruct their national Canadian team on handgun shooting and sport psychology. He is qualified with the Justice Department as a Master Instructor for the Canadian arms safety course. He provides all armed security officers in the Winnipeg region with their annual firearms qualifications. Persons wishing to contact Dave may do so by calIing (204) 774-2543 or Fax (204) 775-2704.
1995 Canadian Police Motorcycle Championships
June 22 to June 25th Shannonville, Ontario
For Further details call (905) 831-2013 FAX (905) 831-1929
Use of Force Investigations ' -_ _---/--Verbal/Physical Options Follow-Up Techniques Force Continuums
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~
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Room 128-200 King St.East, Toronto, Ontario
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Manual and Certificates Included Registration Fee: $80.00 ($120.00 after Feb. 13) Send To Canadian Law Enforcement Learning Centre PO Box 24076, Whitby, Ontario L1N 8X8 (416J 464-5220
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If you or your agency were looking Jor an all-encompassing, police investigation oriented software package then CaseFile! by Toronto-based Microset is worth checking into. ot only i it versatile and effective but it has also been well tested by one oj Canada' biggest and busiest Homicide Squads. Ca eFile! is a FoxPro-based PC-DOS program that provides an easy-to-use means of organizing, managing and preparing major crime cases. It readily accepts information on people, actions, events, statements, exhibits, dates and disclosures. Once the e variables are stored, law enForcement agencies may not only track them, but al 0 identify and inspect relationships betw en them . As well, a variety of reports can be produced, such as subpeonas, action r quest , witness lists, charge sheets, di clo ures and much more. Ca eFile! Facilitates both investigations and ubsequent courtroom activity. Experi nce at Metropolitan Toronto Police is a aving of up to 200 hours of detective time in an typical major case. The paperwork that has been streamlined or eliminated to accomplish this saving is not only crucial to an inve tigation and the preparation ofa court ca e, but is also the work investigator like doing the least. Putting Ca eFile! to work for you is implicity itself. You log on and go to the " a e ommandCentre, " shownatabove, and enter your "tombstone" information. A couple of quick clicks" and you are ready to enter data about people associated with your case via the "people" screen hown above right. Now, data entry is well-known for its dr armes and proneness to error; so CaseFile! provides many features to ease thi chore. People information, for example, i to red in a single data base so that the data need only be entered once. If a per on becomes associated with a cond ca e, a couple of keystrokes are all that i needed to bring in a full profile. "Pick Ii ts" abound and may be created
once to minimize typing and ensure consistency of spelling across cases. An excellent example is the frequentaddress data base, which can maintain the locations of hospitals, malls, fire halls and the Iike, perm itting their accurate entry in a case with just a few keystrokes. A "pop-up" calendar allows the selection of a date for a date field in a standard format. tatements, supplementals, action requests and other typed information may be keyed directly into CaseFile! or, with a few simple "clicks," imported in text format from other sources, such as word processing software. Information stored in CaseFile! is of particular value to investigators, since the product incorporates a particularly powerful search function. Witness statements, for example, can be inspected for common occurrences both within a case and across all cases stored on the system. Searches can be based on a range of variables from a simple word match to complex conditions that will find matches on a variety of conditions, including misspelled words that are phonetically correct (as an example: fizziology for physiology). In addition, while many standard reports (for some examples, see the "Case Specific Report Menu" opposite page) are supplied with CaseFile!, investigators may make their own using a simple "point and shoot" technique and any of the data fields
listed in the comprehensive manual. Case coordinators will be pleased with the "past due actions" list that CaseFile! offers them each time they log on (see main logon screen at top) . They will also find the feature that chains actions and supplementals together throughoutthe case a significant benefit, providing a documented sequence of events that fully describes an investigation. Case coordinators will also like both the chain of evidence and disclosure tracking features, the latter providing some protection from their own criminal prosecution for failure to properly disclose. Perhaps most of all, Case coordinators will appreciate the Crown Brief preparation assistance CaseFile! provides. As an example, witness lists can be produced alphabetically, in order of court appearance, with or without statement synopses and with or without related exhibit descriptions.
Selectively marketed in Ontario over the past nine months, CaseFile! is gain ing wide acceptance in the greater Toronto area. Originally designed, built for and purchased by the Metropolitan Toronto Police, Criminal Intelligence Service Ontario (CISO) acquired several copies for use in a major multi-force investigation in the Golden Horseshoe. A pre-release version was purchased by the Niagara Regional Police to assemble facts in the latter stages of a major murder investigation. Barrie Police also purchased a pre-release version, since updated, and has used CaseFile! in a triple murder inquiry. York, Peel and Durham Regions are also now CaseFile! users . As Durham Regional Police Crime Analyst Pat Holtorf says: "We were testing our new product on an old case, when the gun shop robbe ries occurred in Oshawa. CaseFile! was pressed into immediate service. Then came another homicide and the bank robbery in Port Perry, and we ordered more licenses to handle them." CaseFile! is a cop's product. It was designed, built, redesigned and rebuilt in a close working relationship with Metro
~~~~~~~==========================~24t==============================rJa:/:,u~a~ry;,JJ~9~95
Guelph names first female chief
homicide detectives, with significant input from both fraud and sexual assault units.
And tile beat goes on! Over the past eight months, Microset Systems Inc., CaseFile!'s distributor, and chief programmer Arnold Matthews have welcomed and implemented many changes suggested by officers in the Greater Toronto Area. An example is York Region Detective Rick Finn's request to provide portable printer support (beyond the standard H-P Laserjet) so that officers taking statements in the field could enter, print and have them signed on the spot. CaseFile! now goes on the beat! It is a product in progress. Microset intends to develop a Windows-based version over the next
twelve to eighteen months to facilitate the inclusion of a richer suite of functions. When available, this will be offered to purchasers of the current DOS-based system at a special upgrade price. CaseFile! is an outstanding example of the application of easy-to-use Personal Computer technology to problems that ordinary people grapple with on a day-today basis. Yet, being Novell-enabled and "sneakernet"-capable (allowing virtually any data to be imported into, or exported from, the system), it is ideal for marshalling a wide variety of "forces" to the issue at hand. For further information call (416) 2834949 or Fax (416) 283-5650.
Former Ottawa Chief Appointed Special Advisor To Beretta U.S.A. Beretta U.S.A. has announced the appointment of Thomas Flanagan, S.C. as special advisorforCanadian law enforcement. Mr. Flanagan has a distinguished 43-year career in Canadian law enforcement, most recently as Chief of the Ottawa police. He is a former vice president of the Canadian Association Chiefs of Police, a life member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Veterans Association and a holder ofthe Star of Courage, the Queen's Commendation for Brave Conduct. He was recently honoured for his achievements when the new Ottawa Police headquarters was named the "Thomas G. Flanagan Building." In this new position, Flanagan will serve as a consultant to Beretta on Canadian law enforcement and criminal justice issues. "We are certainly pleased to have Mr.
Flanaganjoin us as special advisor for our Canadian law enforcement sales," said Robert L. Bonaventure, executive vice president of Beretta U.S.A. "His valuable experience and prestigious service record will be a huge asset to our efforts." Beretta has experienced tremendous growth in the Canadian law enforcement market as the trend toward semiautomatic pistols continues to surge. In fact, Beretta has announced over 20 contracts for Beretta .40 calibre pistols by Canadian agencies in recent months, including the York Regional Police and Vancouver Police Department. Also, Beretta pistols are carried by officers in thousands of law enforcement agencies throughout North America, and Beretta 92F (M9) 9mm pistols are the official sidearm of the U.S. Armed Forces. For more information on Beretta law enforcement sales, contact Beretta U.S A. Corp., Law Enforcement Division, 17601 Beretta Drive, Accokeek, MD 20607, (301)283-2191. Or, in Canada, contact Beretta Law Enforcement, 15 Sun Harbour Rd., S.E., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2X-3A5, (403) 256-8807.
Guelph has appointed Ontario's first female police chief. Lenna Bradburn, currently manager of the independent investigations unit at the Ontario Ministry of the Solicitor General, will replace Chief Dick Stewart, who resigned earlier this year. Bradburn, 34, joined the Toronto police force as a constable in 1981, and remained with the force for 10 years. She was elected to the board of directors of the Metro Toronto Police Association in 1987, the first woman elected to the board. Three years later she went to work at the Metro Police corporate planning unit. Bradburn's work with the investigation unit included looking into employee complaints of workplace discrimination and harassment. She was selected by the Guelph police services board after a four-month search and interviews with 40 candidates. "It's important to us that we have appointed the first female police chief in Ontario, but I stress the most important thing is that we picked the best candidate," said Simon Leibovitz, chairman of the police services board.
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~ka;'n~ua;ry;.,lJ9~9~5~========================i~t)======================~~~~ ~~~~~~~,~
By Mallfred W. Belltill
Using Reloads In Semiautomatic Service Guns With the appear- ,........-.,..........,....,-ance of the semiautomatic pi tol in law enforc ment, we should have a close look at its ammunition. As we all know, as long a you u e the same calibre, a revolver i not sen itive to different pressure level a long a you do not e ceed the AAMI ( porting Arms & Ammunition In titute) maximum average pres ure I vel. or example, take a revolver in calibre357 MAG you can 10, d a blank.38 PL. cartridge, a mild .38 PL- W , a .38 PL. + P and a .357 MAG fall hou e load, pull the trigger and as the cylinder rotates all rounds will fire in sequence. The pressure ranges of the above cartridge are from a few thousand P I of the blank cartridge to 45,000 P I of the 357 MA full house load. With the emiautomatic pistols however, it i a different story. In the revolver the ga pressure of the powder charge is olely used to propellhe projectile out of the barrel. In the semiautomatic part of the ga pre ure i used to cycle the action which includes ejecting the spent cartridge ca e and feeding a new round into the chamber. In guns with exposed hammers it cocks the hammer and gives the shooter a lighter trigger pull. Because ofthe multiple function the ammunition performs in the semiautomatic it stands to reason that the pressure range of the cartridges used in tho e guns has to he very narrow. Now we are coming to the point of this article: almo t all combat semiautomatic pI tol as u ed 10 law enforcement and milit, ry ervlce are deSIgned by the manufacturer for one specific round with a given operating pressure level. The weight of the Iide and the trength of the recoil spring are designed for that pressure level. Using reloads in those guns you must make sure that you meet the pressure level of the calibre you use. This of course, can
It is obvious when using reloads that are loaded below the operating level of a particularcalibre, thatthe gun simply will not function . Due to the reduced energy, the slide may not travel far enough back to eject the empty case or pick up the next round from the clip. When the pressure is above the maximum _ allowable level for the ~ calibre in use it is very i difficult - except for ~ very hot loads - for the g average shooter to rec~ ognize it. Using such .2 • • CI ammunItIOn over a prolonged period of .3 time can cause hair~ line cracks in slide f. and/or chamber to develop and the gun will eventually fail, usually at the most inconvenient moment, leaving the user defenceless. Are reloads not for sem iautomatic service guns? They can be, with the proper bullet, frequent A.O.L. checks, powder weight checks and pressure & velocity tests. They can be a cheaper alternative to factory loads for practice and training, depending where and in what quantity your department purchases their ammunition. Remember if you purchase and authorize reloads to be used in your department for practice and training, the department is most likely also liable for injuries resulting from the use of improper reloads. Therefore, it is important that you ask for your reloader's QC procedure and receive a velocity & pressure test report with each lot of ammunition you receive. Having supervised the QC Ammunition Dept. of Winchester Canada for seven years, I know that all the well-known ammunition manufacturers follow an extensive quality control procedure and keep records of their test results. If you need further information orhave a specific question on this topic, please feel free to contact me by phone: 519-7459214 or by Fax: 519-621-4123.
f
only be done if the person who reloads your ammunition uses very expensive and sophisticated pressure test equipment or has the reloads tested by a certified test lab with calibrated test equipment. Most manufacturers - Beretta being one of them - waive their warranty when lead bullets or copper coated lead bullets are being used in reloads in their service guns. These types of bullets usually leave leading in the barrel which can increase the pressure level dangerously when copper jacket bullets are being fired afterwards. Stuck bullets, bulged barrels and cracked slides are some of the results, rendering the firearm inoperable. Some guns, like the Glock 17, with its hexagonal profile barrel, will not handle lead bullets at all because the soft lead cannot follow the twist. When using copper jacket bullets (the same ones that are used in factory loads), a stringent quality control CQC) procedure should be in place by the person who reloads. This should include frequent powder charge checks, check ofO.A.L. Coverall-length) of cartridge and a proof of at least one pressure & velocity test at the beginning of every production day. The O.A.L. check is important on the relatively short semiautomatic cases since a .020" difference can cause trouble.
-~~~~================~26t=================~~~~ Jalluary, 1995
that an act was voluntary. 4. In R.v. Leary (1978), the S.C.C. ruled that self-induced intoxication should not be a defence for offences requiring a general intent. A strict application of this rule violates sections 7 and 1 1(d) Charter. 5. Extreme intoxication may be a defence for general intent offences such as sexual assault only ifthe extreme intoxication resembles automatism or insanity. 6. Expert evidence is required to prove that extreme intoxication prevented the formation of the intent. Expert evidence is required to prove that the excessive consumption of alcohol created a state similar to the automatism or insanity.
Extreme Intoxication May be Defence by GblO Arcaro
R. v. Daviault (Sept. 30, 1994) Issue: whether extreme intoxication constitutes a defence for offences requiring general intent, such as sexual assault. Circumstances: The complainant in th is matter was a 65 year old woman, confined to a wheelchair due to partial paralysis. She was familiar with the accused person, a chronic alcoholic. At 6:00 p.m. on the offence date, the accused arrived atthe complainant's house, at her request. He brought a 40 ounce bottle of brandy. The complainant drank a partial glass of it and fell asleep in her wheelchair. The accused brought her to her bedroom and sexually assaulted her. He left the complainant's apartment at 4:00 a.m. Afterward, the complainant discovered the bottle of brandy was empty. The accused remembered only consuming one glass of brandy upon his arrival at the complainants residence but cou Id not remem ber anything else between that time and the time he awoke nude in the complainant's bed. The accused denied sexually assaulting the victim. A pharmacologist gave expert testimony for the defence on evidence given, stating the following: (a) the accused's alcoholic history diminished the effects of alcohol- hypothetically, ifhe consumed 7 oreightbeers plus 35 ounces of brandy, his blood-alcohol content would have been between 400 - 600 mgs, a BAC that would cause death or coma in an ordinary person (b) this alcohol level may cause a "blackout", a state during which an individual looses contact with reality, temporarily loses normal brain function, and loses memory and awareness of his actions (c) distinguishing between blackout and being under the influence of alcohol is difficult (d) actions under the influence of alcohol that require higher cognitive functions do not constitute blackout (e) blackout is distinguishable by a departure from normal behaviour such as violence The trial judge concluded that the accused did commit the sexual assault but acquitted him because reasonable doubt existed that the min imal intent necessary to commit sexual assault was absent due to the extreme intoxication. The Quebec Court of Appeal overturned the acquittal. S.C.C. ruling: In a6-3 ruling, the S.C.C. allowed the accused's appeal and ordered a new trial. Reasons: I. The term mens rea does not encompass all of the mental elements of crime. The actus reus has its own mental element, for actus reus to exist, the act must be voluntary. Mens rea refers to the guilty
mind or the wrongful intention. Morally innocent people, those who fail to understand or do not comprehend the consequences of their actions are protected from conviction. 2. "Automatism" is a defence that exists as a "middle ground" between criminal responsibility and legal insanity. An involuntary act entitles an accused to an acquittal. 3. The Crown has the onus to prove
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Jalluary, 1995
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b/IY{ff MV~~~SS
This Is a free service to law enforcement agencies and related personnel support groups. Other persons or organizations may place their notices in this section at a price of $40.00 per insertion up to 25 words. (paid subscribers pay $30.00) Prepayment by Visa, MaslerCard or Cheque only please. Send to:-
12A·4981 Hwy. 7 East, Markham. ON. L3R 1N1 Fax (800) 563·1792
February 7 - 8, 1995 M a rtial Art In truetor our e Moncton - ew Brun wi ck The Poli e Martial Arts AssociaIi n \ ill be p nsoring a onfronlalional Analy is Inlroduclory urse. The two day course will pre ent pra tical and theory pre entalion . For mo re information conta to ugOevlinat(506)387-5126. pril 27 - 29, 1 95 rim e Prevention ympo ium Mi i au ga - Ontario Plan t attend the 2nd annual rime Preventi n ymp ium at the Days Inn, Airp rt Rd .• Mississauga, Ont. For further details call Rosemary Raycroft al (705) 326-6465 or Fax (705) 25·7725 or Phyllis Bartlett (705) 68 -8 86. pril 0 - M a 3, 1995 19 ntario Traffic onferen ce MIS i . auga, nlario Peel Regional Police ervice will b ho ling Ihi year' Ontario Traffi onference allhe Toronlo Airp rt I lilt n I iolei. For further delail s c nla t Judy Woodley (4 16) 5 8·4 13 or Ilaroid Kennedy (905) 8 6-5 100.
\lawa • nlario The anada afety ouncil's 1995 Ii nal nferen e will show delegatcs th 'y can fit their "piece" into anada' traffic afety "puzzle."
Delegates to this conference will leave with an action plan to address their own organization's traffic safety goals. For further information contact: the l Archard, (6 13) 739- 1535 Fax (613) 739- 1566. May 2, 1995 elebrity Golf Tournament Etobicoke - Ontario The Canadian Police Motorcycle Race Team are pleased to organize this event on behalf of Motorcycles And You (M.A.Y.) afety Awarenes Mon th. Golfers will be representing the Toronto Maple Leafs, B lue Jays, Argos a nd Raptors to name but a few. There are many en try levels and banquet to fo llow. Major prize presenta· tions. For further details contact Dave tewartat(905) 83 1-20 13 or Fax (905) 831· 1929. May 28 - June 1, 1995 Police Edu cator's C onference Board of anada Fredericton - ew Brunswick The conference is open to anyone intere ted in training from a law enforcement perspective. T his year's th eme is "Violence in ociety" and wi ll incl ude segments on fam ily vio lence, racial vio lence, vio lence in the police family, elder abu e and violence in schools. For further details contact Insp. Eric Fiander at (506) 452-970 I or Terrence Que nel at (506) 444· 4459.
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May 31 - June 2, 1995 Radioeomm 95 Toronto - Ontario Delegates from the Radiocomm Association across orth America are expected to attend this exposition of over 100 companies and 200 booths showing the late t in communications hardware and software. Further details contact Karl Eichner at (416) 447·2265 . June 22 - June 25, 1995 Canadian & International Police MotorcycJeChampion hip Ra ce han nonville - Ontario The Canadian Police Officers Road Racing T earn are happy to announce this event in association with the FA TRiding choo!. Eventincludes training sessions prior to race day for all contestants as well as a banquet and social activities. For further details contact Dave tewart at (905) 83 1-2013 FAX (905) 83 1-1929. June 9 - 10, 1995 Georgian College LA A Reunion Barrie - Ontario Georgian College LA A program is hosting a weekend 25th Anniversary reunion for all graduate , consisting of wine & cheese social, sports day and dance. Contact Nancy Wagner at (705) 722- 1535 Fax (705) 722-5 175 .
4 only Federal Twin on ic Model 12x Light Bars C/W clear lens, red & white bulbs. Reconditioned 100.00 each. Call S/Sgt Brad Roelot1 on, Iialton Region Conservation Au· thority (905) 854-0373 . 1 Tribar Muni-Qu ip T -3 lJand I10ld Radar Gun c/w tuning fork & certificate. Fully reconditioned 200 .00 . Call / Sgt Brad Roelofson, Halton Region Conservation Authority (905) 854-0373 . 1 T ribar Muni -Quip MDR- I Dash Mount Radar Unit c/w tuning fork and certificate. Fully recondi· tioned $200.00.Call /sgt Brad Roelofson, Halton Region on ervation Authority (905) 854·0373 . 1 Zetron Model 35A Telephone Interconnect. Allows access to telephone over existing radio system. w two PTMF microphone . Ex· cellent condition $500.00 all / gt Brad Roelofson, Iialton Region Con ervation Authority (905) 854-0373 . 6 Only Maglite Flas hlight Four D Cell Model. Good condition $15 .00 each. Call S/ Sgt Brad Roelofson, Halton Region Conser· vation Authority (905) 854-0373 .
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ago I did a 5-day management de-
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Likes Phillipines Cover session with the fill the void. I hope a better use LETTERS ' velopment I am a police officer in Calgary could be found for the $600,000. Squamish Band. On the morning of
To The Editor
Moved By Editorial Connie and I were both moved by your editorial in the October Issue (The Shadow Of The Creator). It must have been a great experience for you. I have worked a lot with First Nations people, and have had the same feelings that you describe so well. I remember a couple of years
the second day, one of the members approached me privately and asked ifI would object to a prayer to start the day. Of course I agreed, and one of the elders led us in aquiet, sincere prayer for enlightenment. We ended the day with thanks. We held hands in a circle. I look back on that week as one ofthe best I've ever experienced. Why can't all my classes do this. Terry Barker Gibson's, British Columbia
u.s. University Features Top Canadian Cops
and we receive your magazine in our traffic section. I enjoyed the cover of your AugustJSeptember issue with the Phillipine police officers. Its interesting to see officers from other parts of the world. Frank Lough Calgary, Alberta
Logic is bewildering I was surprised to read that Toronto police would forgo $600,000 in the sale of their old guns during the conversion to new ones. Susan Eng, Chair of the Police Services Board, explains that it makes more sense to destroy the guns than to allow them to fall into hands of criminals. Her logic is bewildering. Guns are neither scarce nor finite in supply nor non-renewable. If a criminal cannot steal a used gunhewill simply steal anew gun. New guns and used guns are plentiful in the United States. The majority of Canadian criminals get their guns from the United States, and it is inconceivable how Ms. Eng will deprive them. The only beneficiary of the destruction of Toronto's used guns are the gun
John Propper, Toronto, Ontario
Police band being organized Thanks to the assistance of Blue Line Magazine in the past I have established a good relationship with German Police Forces. Due to high demand I am organizing a police pipe band tour ofGermany for next May 10 - 19. I am presently seeking out officers who would like to join us. They should have police band experience and be prepared to pay for return air flight to Berlin. All accommodation and meals will be paid for in Germany. Ifany of your readers are interested I will be happy to explain further ifthey call me at (905) 770-0424. It should be great fun and make for a wonderful holiday. Heinz Hackenberg Richmond Hill, Ontario
Chief William McCormack Metropolitan Toronto Police A major U.S. University is presently taking applications for a course featuring a number of high profile Canadian law enforcement people. Key-note speakers invited to assist in this course include Bryan Cousineau of the York Regional Police, Chief William McCormack of the Metro Toronto Police and Niagara Region Chief Grant Waddell. Also contributing will be retired Chief of the York Regional Police, Bruce Crawford. The Master of Science Criminal Justice Administration course is being initiated by Niagara University in Niagara Palls, New York, and is a graduate program offered to both full-time students as well as part-time. The Master' s degree program is an integrated program that enhances student powers of discrimination and judgement. The program accomplishes this by incorporating management and administration techniques, analytical and communication skills, decisionmaking abilities, and professional ethics. These attributes enable students to function effectively in any organizational environment upon
graduation. The curriculum also helps graduates to anticipate, address, and correct problems faced in the criminal justice professions in an efficient, effective, and ethical manner. Other course contributors include the Chair of the New York State Association of Chiefs of Police, Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration and other dignitaries in judicial and governmental departments. Niagara University courses boast a variety of skills, information and concrete applications for a gratifying educational espereicne. Small class sizes, computer availability for all students and state-ofthe-art library facilities provide a supportive learning environment. The Master' s degree program consists of an II-course sequence totalling 33 semester hours. All courses earn three credits and convenient class scheduling permits students to take two courses on each class evening. For further details contact the office of Dr. Albanese at (716) 286-8080 or (716) 286-8060 or Fax (716) 286-8581.
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~~~~~~~~~--------~~ January, 1995 W ~
Startup Sequence of Events/Checklist Part 2 tep A diately). The administrative liaison should not ask any questions The administration should recommend that all crime should or receive any information. Reason: If the information led to an be reported, considered and handled as Scholastic Crime Stoppers arrest and indictment, the administrative liaison could be subpoeca e . Thi will give high visibility to the program and assure all naed to testify and have to give up the identity of the informant. ca e are being reported and followed up. The victim reports the The information, once received by the county program, is docucrime to the attendance office or designated location, and a mented and turned over to the officer assigned to work the case. written report is made. The attendance office directs all completed The officer may work the case in cooperation with the admin iscrime reports to the administrative liaison. The administrative trative liaison if necessary. When the case reaches final concluliai on meets with the cholastic Crime toppers Board and sion, it will be presented, if necessary, to the Scholastic Crime pre ent the crimes committed. The board sets a minimum and a Stoppers Board for review and to issue a reward. The reward, if ma imum reward to be paid for each crime committed using the given, will be paid by the administrative liaison. If no reward is term "pay up to." It is recommended that the board meets at least given, the case goes back to the file. nce a week. The administrative liaison and the board now Optioll 2 advertise the crime through the newsletter, bulletin board, elecIf the informant wishes to stay anonymous, he/she goes tronic bulletin board or any other means available. The crime is directly to the administrative liaison and gives the information. Ii tcd and posted on the bulletin board for the entire school year. The liaison issues an in-house code number (Crime Stoppers 1.0.) Ifthe crime is solved, it is marked "solved" and left posted for high and guarantees that the informant's identity will be kept secret. vi ibility. It has proven successful for the board to hang special The case is then worked as before, within the jurisdiction of the po ters in targeted areas that have had major criminal activity, school. (If not in jurisdiction of school, refer to Option I for procedure). When the case reaches a final conclusion, it goes to uch a: ections of locker, parking lots, offices, etc. the Scholastic Crime Stoppers Board for review and to issue a reward. The reward, if given, will be paid by the administrative t PB Ifthere are no informants coming forward after this one week, liaison. Ifno reward is given, the case goes back to the file. Optioll 3 . the ca e then moves to the file which is kept for gathering intelligence and information for future use. If there are informIfthe informant does not wish to stay anonymous, he/she may ant, follow' tep A" procedures. It is also helpful to check the go to the attendance office or the administrative liaison and give the information. The case will then be worked based on the area now chart and/or options available. Optioll} in which it falls, i.e., school jurisdiction oroutside Crime Stoppers If the informant has information that is beyond the school's Program. Once that determination has been made and the case is juri diction and the administrative liaison is contacted, the admin- brought to a final conclusion, it goes to the Scholastic Crime i trative liai on should immediately advise the informant to Stoppers board for review and to issue a reward. The reward, if contact the local or county Crime toppers Program (if one is given, will be paid by the administrative liaison. If no reward is available; ifnot, contact the local law enforcement agency imme- given, the case goes back to the file.
III cOllclusioll, the student call use, allY olle o/the options without risk or may bypass the program entirely alld go directly to all outside program.
Scholastic Crime Stoppers Flow Chart
A. B.
ATTENDANCE OFFICE
Ao...lNISTRATIVE LIAISON
ADMINISTRATIVE LIAISON ADVERTIS ES
SCHOOL'S .JURISDICTION
I
OTliER ORGANIZATIONS I
POUCE OFFICER
NO
YES ~
_~~~~~==================~3 0 J - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - January, }995 ~--------------------~----~
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