NOTHING BEATS HAVING TOP-NOTCH GUIDANCE ON YOUR SIDE m ONTARIO PROVINCIAL
• THE ANNOTATED 1993 TREMEEAR'S CRIMINAL CODE Mr, Justice David Watt and Michelle Fuerst
m AN NOTATED POLICE
This ground-breaking annotated Criminal Code for the 1990s is now fully revised and updated . Here's what you'll find in the new Trem eear's 1993 edition: • All legislative amendments passed by Parliament as of its June 23, 1992 summer recess • Complete commentaries to and cross- references for the new mental disorder and firearms legislation • pdated case digests reflecting appellate decisions up to July 1992 • Revised and updated index
This portable, annotated guide to interpreting the new Police Services Act provides the legal framework governing police officers and police services in Ontario.
Each section of the Criminal ode is comprehensively annotated with succinct digests of leading decisions, extensive textual cros - references to related provisions, and Justice Watt's commentary on the section's practical operations. part of the t atute of C anada Annotated series. 0-459-55669 August 1992 hardcover 1600 pp. Special Police Price $32. Standing order terms available Includes "Forms of Charges" Supplement $3
Available to you for a 30-day FREE examination! Shipping and handling are extra. Prices S14bject to change without notice and subject to applicable taxes.
SERVICES ACT 1993 Mr. Justice John F. Hamilton and Bruce R. Shilton
The legislation sets out the duties of police officers and governs what happens if officers do not discharge their duties and are charged with misconduct. The work also sets out the procedures for dealing with public complaints about the conduct of police officers. A part of the Statutes of Ontario Annotated series. 0-459-55661-4 September 1992 hardcover 172 pp. $36
m A GUIDE TO POLICE PROCEDURES Amy Ramsay
A powerful "how to" guide for police officers when investigating occurrences and laying charges for criminal offences and violations of provincial statutes. Precedents and checklists are provided to assist the officer in processing the typical federa l and provincial offences they will encounter. This handbook also explains the steps to follow when dealing with committal warrants and bench warrants, issuing a subpoena to witnesses, preparing the prosecution court package and bai l hearings and filing the reports when the use of force has occurred.
OFFENCES 1992
Ontario P r ovincial Offences 1992 is an up-to-date, convenient, easy-to-use reference to over 22 Ontario statutes and their regulations. Acts are organized alphabetically for easy reference. Contains new statutes including the Evidence Act, the Interpretation Act, the Provincial Parks Act, the Public Parks Act and the Public Transportation and Highway Improvement Act, plus a detailed
index organized by subject matter. 0-459-55114-0 October 1992 softcover 1620 pages $35.00
l® RELATED PROVINCIAL STATUTES
This companion volume to Ontario Provincial Offences 1992 contains 11 related Ontario statutes including statutes related to family law, landlord and tenant, the Mental Health Act, the Environmental Protection Act,
among others. Acts are organized alphabetically for easy reference. Also includes a detailed index organized by subject matter. 0-459-55161-2 October 1992 softcover 1030 pages $35,
P urchasers of both Ontario Provincial Offences 1992 and Ontario Provincial Offences 1992: Related Provincial Statutes will receive a 10% discount.
0-459-55111 -6 softcover July 1992 $39.95
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January 1993 Volume 5 No.1
IN THIS ISSUE
FEATURES
3 5 6
Cover Story Commentary The Firing Line: Jim Dalueg Range Management Bill To Ease Police Surveillance Restrictions Blue Line Classified Canadian Centre For Justice Statistics Ontario Officers Receive Bravery Awards A History Of The Criminal Code Letters To The Editor Victims of Depatterning To Get $100,000 Canada Is Turning 40 - The Glock 22 Has Landed Pepper Sprays And The Uniformed Officer Part 2 OC Sprays On The Force Continuum Product News
7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 18
20 21 22
NEWS 16 16 16 16 17 17 17
Firearms Amnesty Said To Be Biggest Success American Anti-Stalking Laws Criticized Crime Stoppers Conference Going To Calgary January Is Crime Stoppers Month National Symposium On Crime Prevention Announced Nova Scotia Appeal Courts To Join Supreme Court Mexican Police Make Cross Border Arrests
Out Of The Blue
.,
By David Bluestein & Morley Lymburner
Could you hold on for jUBt one minute while I reload my revolver7 FANT ASY CITY-Members of the Police Commission recently refused to approve the purchase of semi-automatic handguns. The Commissioner stated the revolvers presently in use have served the police force forthe past eighty years and if it was good enough for him when he walked the beat it should be okay for the officers today.
Janua , 1993
3
The beginning of a new year brings a new look to Blue Line Magazine. We hope you enjoy the change. We feel it gives a more professional appearance to the magazine and one in which we hope all law enforcement personnel will be proud to point to as their professional journal. You can not judge a book by its cover, however, and we intend to dedicate this year to even more information and news relevant to your day to day work. Its nice to be pretty but there is much work to be done as well. You have probably noticed that Blue Line has not been as full of advertising as our American counterparts. This situation is a double edged sword. Our sales staff have trouble convincing many companies that law enforcement people are worthy enough to communicate with about their products. This situation means we do not have as many ads for you to trip over to get to the articles you want to read. It also means we do not make any money to grow with. Blue Line has never been a big money making proposition and has never had a full-time employee. It manages to keep its head above water with the paid subscription base. For this reason we would like to encourage more subscribers to make up the shortfall in advertising. If you are a paid subscriber encourage others to do likewise. If you pick up a free promotional copy please consider subscribing. We want the real strength of Blue Line to be in the hands of its readers.
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4
January, 1993
Volume 5 Number 1 • January 1993 - EDITOR I PUBLISHER Morley S. Lymbumer Phone(416)~3048 F~(416) ~7547
- Contributing Editors Weapons & Tactics
James Dalueg
Survival Tactics
Craig Best
TechnicalFlrearms
Dave Langstroth
Supervisory Principles
Robert Holston
Peer Counselling
Neil V. Thompson
Computers & Technology
Tom Rataj
- ADVERTISING Allan W. Stiver (Toronto) Phone(416)~2
F~(416)~952
Ron Ganton (Vancouver)
Phone (604) 274-3849
F~
(604) 274-9091
- CONTRIBUTING WRITERS· Chris Braiden Richard DuPlain Craig Best Andrew Smith Neil Thompson Money Lymbumer - ILLUSTRATION · Tony MacKinnon Bette Clark Dave Sills Dave Bluestein BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Mary K. Lymbumer, M.Ed. Blu. Unl Ibgazine is ptilished morihIy, September 10 ..... , by Blue lile Magazi1e IncotpOratedwih a~ ad<tess of: 12A · 4881 Hwy. 7 East. Stt. 2$4, Ibrllham, OInrlo, U R 1N1. Editorial and copy is considered to be completely separate from advertising sal... No commi1ment for editorial coverage can tbrm any part of a sale agreement. All articles are protected by copyright No panofthis publication may be reproduced or ttan.!mittedin any form orby any means, el..,trorueor mechani· oai,inoiudingpbolOOopyingandre<:otdingorbyanyintbrmation storage or retrieval system without pennis.<ion from the pu\). Iisher. The :Uhors, acMsors and pd>ioher acC<IjlI no iabiiywhat1oevor for any i'jIrie$ to "",SOIlS or ptO!>Otty redilg tom lhe appication or adoption of any 0( the proc:ecir.... tactics or considerations premed il lhis magazine. Readen are C3fJioned and acMsed that articles pnr senled edited and supplied for 'fOAl: personal owareneo. and $/loUd not be used forflltl1er acti>n \I'd appropriaIe advice and gUdance is received from a ~ or Crown Attorney. Blue lila Magazile is an ~ pc.tlication deo9>ed to erUrtain, ecb: •• and tN-.de lhe skis of those iMlMId n the law enforcemerC profesoion. • has no direc:l conlrol ~orn a law enforcemeli agency and b..,nons andarlicles do not necess~retIect the opi1ions of any govenmenI or poice agency. Blue Unl Magazlnll. prinled In Can a~ by, ProM Graphics UmHed.
her"" ....
-Memher I nllm al io n~1 Association of Law Enforcemenl P1annl"
Canadian AclYlrtising Rales & Oat. Pl riodlcal Publishers Exchangl
ISSN 10847 8538 Second Class Mall Registration No.8242
January, 1993
Commentary: Morley Lymburner
Blue Line Begins It's Fifth Year It is a new year. Blue Line's fifth year of publication brings with it a lot of changes and a lot of history. Our first issue, five years ago this month, consisted of a print run of 3,000 copies distributed mainly in the southern Ontario region. Publicity of our magazine commenced about two months before the first issue and an astounding 350 people paid for their subSCriptions - sight unseen. This was either a tremendous leap of faith on their part or there was a tremendous hunger for this type of publication. As I looked over the first 350 names on our mailing list I was pleased to see almost all of them still on the list. The number one person on the mailing list was Craig Best. Craig has supplied us with a wealth of information in many articles over the years and he is currently our Defensive Tactics Editor. As a founder of the Montreal based Officer Survival Institute he is still enthusiastic as ever about Blue Line's concept. And what is Blue Line's concept? It is a simple concept of communication. T alkingto the average copper in Canada and informing him/her about what is new or what has changed which will affect their day-to-day work. It is not a medium to gripe or complain. It is not to tell "war stories" which can depress and frustrate the officer. There is enough information of positive interest out their without going into sordid stories of deprivation. Dwelling on the negative is what you do all day long. If we present a negative story it is for a positive purpose. Not Simply to bitch. Blue Line is not a union nor management publication. It is not affiliated with any government agency. It has no loyalty to any police or law enforcement agency but has a loyalty to the profession of law enforcement. It is the magazine's position tha~ well informed people in law enforcement results in a good and strong working environment and makes for good and strong working members. RCMP officer Robert Bangs of Winnipeg presented an analysis of Blue Line Magazine's editorial content over a three
5
year period for his university course on SOCiology in 1991. His analysis pretty well says it all and I would like to present you with his conclusions. ''Blue Line's built-in form ula fo r success is that it fills a void fo r Canadian law enforcement officers. It's the only national Canadian Police publication in existence. Readers are not held captive by this fad, but it and its newness are features drawing readers to the publication. The key element of Blue Line's popularity is the way in which the editor edits to communicate with its readers and least of all to fill the pages of the magazine with empty articles ... Having completed this research, I am of the opinion that Blue Line's content strongly supports the major tenents that Canadian sodety holds dear - The Charter of Rights and Freedoms. As such, Blue Line would be regarded by the general populace as a responsible publication that makes itself accountable to sodety and it readers. " Bob's seventy-page essay was a real help to us at Blue Line Magazine. His analysis of our content not only gave us praise but also pOinted out areas where our editorial has been lacking. We thank him immensely for his efforts, loyalty and interest. We feel strongly that this is a magazine that must go home with you. Your family must read it as well. Officers sometimes have difficulty translating their work to their families. This is a grand opportunity for the family to become acquainted with your chosen profession. It is not an easy profession and your family knowing little about it only makes your job harder. You cannot leave your family to view your profession through the eyes of the popular media. Let us keep them informed as well as yourself. A subSCription costs less than half a pack of cigarettes per month and it will serve you and others far better. The cost per month is similar to five postage stamps but we include postage. Get a subscription of your own and let someone else scramble for the station copy.
The Firing Line:
B ---,y,,-J_,a_ m_es_D--,-,a= lu=eg~_-----.JI III• • ~
The 40 What? Introducing the hottest new pistol calibre in Canadian law enforcement Just when you thought the .38 Special was going to haunt you for the rest of your career something remarkable comes along! No , it isn't the pipsqueak parabellum which really isn't a leap forward, unless you're counting cartridges. No, this is something refreshingly new yet most Canadian coppers I've spoken to really don 't know what it is. The forty S& W is the calibre that has blitzkrieged it's way into Canadian law enforcement. At this time the calibre is building momentum and is well on it's way to becoming the cartridge of choice for agencies making the revolver to pistol transition.
Origin Of The 40 In April 1986, the law enforcement community was shocked by the hOrrific shoot-out that ensued between FBI Agents and two very capable and determined hold-up suspects. When the dust settled, both suspects were dead as were two FBI Agents. Five of the six remaining six Agents were seriously wounded, a couple critically. Perhaps the most frightening aspect of the gunfight was that suspect Michael Platt at the opening stages received a hit to the thorax by a .9mm Winchester Silvertip. -{This wound was later determined at the autopsy to be non-survivablel- Platt was unimpressed with the fact he was 'technically dead '. For the next three or so long minutes he proceeded to decimate the FBI squad with a .223 calibre rifle. To be critical of the FBI's tactical performance is not the intent here. Let's just say that when they rolled out after the morning briefing, Mr. Murphy decided to accompany them on the operation. The FBI's image took a real 'hoof in the jewels' over the incident. Many believe that in order to save face they chose to use the .9mm Silvertip as the scape-
large-frame, .45 size platform. So what the Bureau bought for a few hundred thousand tax dollars was a gun as big as a .45, weighs as much as a .45, shoots like a .45 and hits more or less like a .45. Except it isn't a .45. What a concept!" Also credited to the FBI tests was the introduction of the .9mm 147 grain subsonic. This has started another war of words between the small & fast vs big & slow crowds.
A Simplistic Overview
Th e .40 S& W can be safely fired from a 10mm autopistoL The case is slightly shorter and these cartridges use different size primers. goat. They then convened a series of workshops on wound ballistics and initiated a series of test procedures to find the ideal handgun cartridge for law enforcement. The part of the equation they placed emphasis on was Penetration. These tests were in concept very sound and a lot of interesting material was generated because of it. But, all is not so simple. The FBI chose the .9mm, then condemned the .9mm. They didn'twantthe .45 because they initially chose the .9mm. {Light and fast vs. Big and Slow debate l So what do they do? The .10mm. A reasonable choice except that full power 10mm rounds are between the .357 and .41 Magnum in recoil, and the guns available at the time although large framed were taking a pounding. Well then, let's down load the .10mm to 950 fps firing a 180 grain bullet. Light on the hands, light on the gun, perfect penetration. And there it was, the FBI 10mm Light! G. Sitton aptly described Their choice in a recent article as " the 10mm Auto has a maximum overall cartridge length of 1.260 inches. This means it needs a
6
The FBI had written the specs on what they considered to be the ideal bullet. 10mm or .40 calibre in diameter, firing a 180 grain bullet at 950 fps . At the same time Smith & Wesson was watching all this with interest. They approached Winchester/Olin and embarked upon a joint project to produce what is now known as the .40 S&W cartridge. What turned out was a 10mm cartridge meeting the above mentioned criteria, but with the overall length which approximated a .9mm round. The cartridge case is dimensionally different from the larger 10mm in key areas. The 10mm utilizes a large pistol primer as compared to the 40 S&W's small primer, the internal case dimensions differ significantly. Initially the 40 was loaded with bullets in the 180 grain weight. In the last year there has been a proliferation of bullet weights and designs. The 40 S&W has definitely taken on a life of it's own. Virtually all the major ammunition manufacturers are now carrying versions of the .40 S&W. These include Black Hills, CCI-Blazer, Cor-Bon, Federal, Hornady, P MC-Eldorado, Remington, Winchester,etc. Retail sales figures have shown that this round is a winner. Unfortunately it is too soon to tell where the round lies in terms of street effectiveness, but initial results look promising. As manufacturers make the ammunition available we will put it through the wringer and publish the results.
A n Eager Canadian Welcome The Canadian law enforcement community has taken to the .40 with a passion. Long saddled with the .38 Spe-
January, 1993
cial the .40 is definitely a welcome relief. Calgary has started the ball rolling by selecting the Glock Model 22, Edmonton has joined their Southern neighbours by doing likewise. (That should say a lot right there. For Calgary and Edmonton to agree on any thing publicly is in itself a small miracle! ) The Metropolitan Toronto Police Force has purchased 650 Model 22 's for their speciality squads. Once the province of Ontario develops the same thinking process as Alberta then the .40 S&W will no doubt make serious inroads as a general duty issue sidearm. I have been informed that Quebec is also giving the calibre and pistols a very hard look. The .40 is a fine balance between large bore effectiveness and small bore capacity, presented up in a package that can be efficiently utilized by all officers regardless of assignment or gender. The .40 Smith and Wesson is a very serious and long awaited step forward. Definitely in line with the 'Beyond 2000' concept I keep hearing about here in Toronto.
Performance Data 155-Grain Bullets
Velocity
Energy
( Ips I
(ft-Ibs)
Federal Classic-J HP
1,083
404
Hornady XTP-JHP
1,1 19
431
Remington-J HP
1,147
453
W inchester Silvertip-HP
1,150
455
Winchester FMJ Match TC
1,077
399
American Eagle Lead FN
958
367
CCI-Blazer Plated HP
1,008
406
Federal Classic -JH P
943
356
Federal Hydra-Shok
925
342
Hornady XTP-JHP
970
376
Remington -JHP
941
354
W inchester Subsonic-JHP
990
390
W inchester Black Talon -JHP USA FMJ
920
338
180-Grain Bullets
January, 1993
Range Management Creating A Lead-Free Environment by Jim Dalueg
tion concerning the adverse effects on lead and the body. Quality Range and Firearms Instructors are not an easy find. Forces that do have quality instructors will want to keep them working. Budget restraints alone have trimmed many departments training staffs. It is therefore important to be able to keep your existing staff as lead free as possible. This goes for range facilities also. If your department only has one range or training facility you will want to keep it in operation. Having your facilities shut down for indefinite periods by medical authorities because of health hazards is very costly. Ventilation systems are very expensive as is range maintenance/decontamination.
We all know and fully realize that being on the receiving end of lead fired in an armed confrontation can cause serious injury or death. Most of us fail to realize however that the 158 grains or so launched away at its target is not the only source of danger. Many police officers become sick and some have died due to complications brought on by continual ingestion of airborne lead at their training range. If you are a full time range instructor or training officer it is imperative that you keep on top of your lead levels. The reason for this is simple. Lead is a poison and for some reason our bodies don't care much for poison. Many police departments utilize indoor r-;:;;;';;;~~;;;;;;;;;;;;;;~---------------"l training ranges. On these ranges most of us do our training and qualification shooting. We all know how smoky and foul the air can get inside when you have to run a considerable number of shooters through in a short period of time. Many of us thought that by switching from lead practice ammunition to copper jacketed bullets we would '--_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _....l eliminate most of our 'lead' problems. Recently the Metro Toronto Police This just isn't true. Most jacketed bullets switched to CCVBlaZer Lead-Free trainstill have an exposed lead base that can ing ammunition. As a range instructor I be vaporized by hot gases upon ignition can tell you from a personal point of view of the powder when the round is fired. that it is as different as night and day. This problem can be eliminated by The lead-free training ammunition utilizing totally metal jacketed or plated utilizes a totally metal jacketed bullet. bullets. This bullet has the base enclosed so no The reports and information I have lead is exposed. The primer used differs seen indicate that 80% of lead fouling on from the conventional lead styphnate indoor ranges is caused by the projectile primers. These primers use the styphnate (bullet) . We now have ways to rectify as the explosive initiator. Barium nitrate that problem, but it is the 20% of air- is used for the oxidizer. borne lead that originates from the primCCI-Blazer lead-free primers are ers that is the real medical concern. made without the use of lead, barium or because it is burned into much more antimony. The cost of this ammunition is minute particles, it absorbs into the body slightly more than traditional factory trainand blood stream quite easily. Contact ing rounds. I would think that the benyour medical officer for more informa- efits would outweigh the initial purchase expense.
7
Bill Presented To Parliament To Ease Up On Police Surveillance Restrictions A series of Supreme Court of Canada decisions, principally Duarte (January, 1990), Wong (November, 1990), Garofoli (November, 1990) and Wise (February, 1992), affected the law and practice relating to investigations and subsequent prosecutions involving audio, video and similar technology. Several provisions of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms were applied. Although the recent court decisions settled or clarified certain issues, they also created uncertainty about a number of other matters. Furthermore, they also had a significant impact on police investigations of certain kinds of offences, as well as on prosecutions involving evidence obtained pursuant to authorizations. It is a complex issue as any law must strike a balance between the protection of individual rights and freedoms and the
obligation of society to protect itself. A discussion paper was published in August of 1992 as a forum around which interest groups submitted their particular concerns to the Minister of Justice regarding the introduction of new legislation touching on the issues of electronic surveillance. The proposed legislation restores to the law enforcement community their ability to employ electronic surveillance methods, but only in a manner consistent with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. It does this in four basic ways: + permits electronic surveillance by the police where police and others (i.e. agents of the state) are in potentially dangerous situations; + provides judges with the authority to authorize electronic surveillance when there is the consent of one the partici-
pants, and in other cases for serious crimes; + gives power to the judiciary to issue a warrant in other circumstances where it is clearly indicated the request meets the tests prescribed by the Charter; +changes the Criminal Code in a manner that streamlines and rationalizes procedures necessary to admit, in court, evidence obtained from electronic surveillance. In specific terms, this means the police will be permitted to use an electronic life-line between undercover operatives and back-up teams. The back-up team would be able to monitor and incidently record conversations with the consent of a participant (the undercover operative) provided that the reason for the surveillance is for the protection from bodily harm of one or more of the participants. There will be a limitation on use of the information obtained from such monitoring and recording. Judges will be able to authorize the use of video surveillance in situations comparable to those where audio sur-
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veillance would be permissible. And a justice of the peace can issue a warrant or similar order, as appropriate, on reasonable suspicion that an offence has been or will be committed, in order to permit the use and installation of an electronic tracking device.
Rationale The view of the law enforcement community is that the Supreme Court decisions have placed severe and unwarranted constraints on the ability of police officers to investigate and combat certain kinds of crime. For example, the police can no longer use consent-based intercepts to establish the reliability of informants or confirm the information of participant-informants. More importantly, many police feel that undercover operations without access to an electronic life-line have been made more dangerous. And the expense and time needed to investigate some offences (generally related to serious or organized
crime), in some instances, precludes a timely response. Scarce judicial resources are also being consumed in inefficient procedures and duplicative evidentiary rules. The Supreme Court pOintedly referred to the existing state of affairs as a "procedural quagmire" and advised Parliament to clean it up. On the other hand, while not denying the usefulness and appropriateness of these kinds of investigative measures, the Supreme Court has made it abundantly clear that the rights of affected individuals under the. Charter had to be respected. Thus, the legislation strikes a balance between societal needs for effective law enforcement and the legitimate privacy interests of citizens. The result is that the reqUirements of the Charter relating to searches and seizures were scrupulously considered in the legislative response to these cases while giving the police some of the powers that they indicated in . submissions to the Minister that they required.
Bill C to ammend the Criminal Code will also enhance comminications privacy over radio-based (cellular) telephone services by: +Oeemingan encrypted radio-based telephone communication to be a private communication; +prohibiting the interception of radio based telephone communications which are carried out maliciously or for gain; and +prohibiting the disclosure or other use of information obtained from the interception of communications between any remote unit primarily used for radio based telephone communications and a base station. Other interesting parts of the Bill will permit the using of telephones and Fax machines to obtain authorization for the use of electronic surveillance equipment and a provision which permits surveillance where the circumstances do not permit the obtaining of judicial approval. Blue Line will report in more detail in the February Issue.
The magazine that means so much to you and your profession means so much more if you have it coming to your home.
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January 24 - 30 .o.P. . Ho t 7th Annual Fun ki Race Vernon - Briti h Columbia The Canadian Organization Of Police kier ( OP ) will hold their 7th Annual Alpine ki Championships at Silver tar Mountain. For further information contact Jerome Mal hat (604) 264-2323 .
February 8 - 12
Int rnational Law Enforcement Winter Game Otta, a - Ontario The 199 game will be hosted in Ottawa. Th games will be sponsored b the Ontario La~ nforcement Athletic As ociation. All worn Federal , Provincial, and Municipal Law Enforcement officers, tiv or reti red, are eligible. Events include badminton ba ketball, broomball, curling, darts, hocke volleyball, and skiing. For further information call (613) 225-1204.
February 11-12, 1993 Th Dynamic of Critical Incidents Prin e Albert - a katchewan The Prince Albert Police Department is proud to pre ent this two day seminar on critical incidents, police relationships and tr and burnout in the police profession. The ke note peaker will be Dr. William Lewin ki Ph .D ., Director, Law E nforcement Program, Manakato Uni er it , Minne ota. For further details ontactGarryR horchuk (306)922-5380.
Mar h 6 - 13, 1993 orth Am rican Police Ski hampion hip nowma - Colorado Thi ha become the largest police ski e ent in orth America. It is expected to draw 0 er 700 officers from Canada and the United tate . For further info call AP at ( 0 )792-7315
March 28 - April 2, 1993 15th Annual International Asian Organized Crime Conference LasVegas - Nevada The LasVegas Metropolitan Police and the FBI will host this event. Over 1,000 delegates from 25 countries are expected to attend this conference. This year's theme is entitled "Asian Organized Crime: A Global Impact". For more information contact Edward Bazar at (702) 795-3111.
June 7 - 11, 1993
Advanced Homicide Seminar Toronto - Ontario The Metropolitan TorontoPoliceHomicide Squad will be hosting this seminar at the Toronto Skydome Hotel. This will be the 11th year for this seminar. For further information call (416) 324-6150 or Fax (416) 324-6151.
The PEACEMAKER is published quarterly by the Canadian Fellowship of Christian Peace Officers (CFCPO), a federal nonprofit corporation which encourages peace officers locally, nationally and internationally to join in fellowship . If you would like to be placed on the mailing list, or would like to receive more information about CFCPO membership, send your request with your name, occupation , address and phone number to:
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P.O. Box 520 tn. "A"
(I( ill ) I) Scarbor~ugh, ~ft.i ~......
Ontano, M1K5C3
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Sharing the Truth and the Way and the Life Our Lord Jesus Christ
October 31 - November 51993
Interntational Association of Women Police Conference Vancouver- British Columbia The Canadian Branch of the LA. W.P. will be hosting the 31st Annual Training Conference to be held in the Hotel Vancouver. The theme of the session will be "Global Policing: A spirit of unity" . For further details call (604) 681-5226 or FAX (604) 681-2503 .
Law Enforcement
Agencies Advertise FREE. Do you have some surplus
equipment you have been trying to move out. List it here and convert it to cash. Are you looking for just the right candidate to fill that key position? Advertise the position at no cost in roue line Magazine
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Classified adverti ing is a Free service to law enforcement agencie and related personnel SUI)port groups. Other per ons and organizations may place their notices in this section at a price of 40.00 per insertion up to 25 words. (paid subscribers pay 30.00) Add 2.00 per wordoverthi amount Word count does not include phone number or heading. Editor reserves the right to revise, edit or refuse any notice not deemed to be appropriate. Payment ,to accompany copy for insertion, may be by cheque, Visa or MasterCard number (Ulelude expiry date please) Deadline is the first of the month prior to publication. (eg. February 1st for March issue) Mail to : Blue Line Classified 12A-4981 Hwy. 7 East Ste.254 Markham, Ontario L3R INl
or FAX (416) 640-7547 Janua ,1993
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.A
CenecJien Centre for Justice Stetistics
The Cost Of Po/icing 1991 Popu lation
Municipal
Newfoundland Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Yukon North West Territories
573,500 130,700 900,600 726,000 6,845,700 9,914,200 1,093,200 994,000 2,522,300 3,218,500 26,900 54,800
Provincial
$
$ 5,184,000 55,614,000 54,233,000 758,829,000 1,375,126,000 104,067,000 83,587,000 270,006,000 303,416,000
69,608,000 8,824,000 52,523,000 43,278,000 507,908,000 444,723,000 60,939,000 75,209,000 107,231 ,000 147,514,000 12,994,000 33,903,000
tenance costs or costs associated with by-law enforcement and court security are paid by the municipality rather than the police department. Similarly, RCMP municipal contract expenditures do not include the cost of municipal employees provided at no charge to the RCMP by the municipality. Accordingly, comparisons between the three levels of policing and direct inter-jurisdictional comparisons are not recommended. 6 % RCMP Administration
56% 29% Provinci
A major concern regarding data from this survey pertains to the scope of the expenditure data and precisely what can be considered comparable between forces, the provinces, and the three levels of policing. It is important to note that
any comparisons should be done with caution as only those expenditures paid for out of a police department's budget are reflected in this report. As an example, for some forces and not others, accomodation costs, support and main-
Municipal
Next Month: How much harder are you working
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Ontario Officers Receive Bravery Awards
ollstable Jolin temmler, ergeant Robert Higginson, Waterloo Region Police, Constable Thomas call loll, Sudbury Region Police and Constable Trevor Babott, Peel Region Police, received Olltario Police Bravery Awards from Ontario's Lieutenant-Governor
Four police officers were awarded the 1992 Ontario Medal for Police Bravery last November. Established in 1975, the annually awarded medals recognize acts of superlative bravery, and focus public attention on the vital and frequently dangerous duties of police officers. On the afternoon of August 13, 1992, S rgeant Robert Higginson, Waterloo Region Police, responded to a call for assistance at a bank robbery in progress. The suspects were armed with guns and carrying explosives. When the suspect left the bank, Sergeant Higginson followed him on foot to his van. He believed that the suspect would not recognize him as a police officer because he was wearing civilian clothes. After the suspect joined his partner in the van, he pOinted a gun at the Serg ant who was only six feet away at the time. Sergeant Higginson drew his service revolver and ordered the suspect to lay down his pistol. The suspect then began to inch his van ahead in an attempt to escape. on stable Stemmler, who had just arrived in his cruiser, drove in front of the van, blocking the suspects' escape.
Drawing his service revolver, Stemmler then left the safety of his vehicle and ordered the suspects to drop their weapons. The driver opened his door and ducked behind it, refUSing to surrender. Constable Joy Mitchell then approached the suspects from the rear and ordered them to surrender which they did after collectively assessing the situation. The officers found a large collection of semi-automatic rifles, pistols, bullets with full metal jackets, hollow-point bullets, grenades, and sticks of explosives in the van. The two men were charged with robbery, and several weapons and explosives related charges. Chief Larry Graville of the Waterloo Regional Police Service presented the awards. Police Constable Joy Mitchell received a commendation for her courageous role in securing the arrest of the two dangerous suspects. On the evening of March 21, 1991, Constable Thomas Scanlon, of the Sudbury Regional Police, received a call that two people had broken through the ice on the nearby Grassy Lake with their all-terrain vehicle.
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After unsuccessfully signalling to the people from the shore, Constable Scanlon, an Armed Forces captain, and a paramedic started out to the accident scene in a small boat, sometimes pushing and pulling it across the thin ice and sometimes rowing it through the cold waters when the ice gave way. Twenty minutes later, they found the couple, wet, cold, and suffering from shock and hypothermia, sitting on the ice. Just then, a large party of rescuers arrived creating a great deal of confusion. Constable Scanlon ordered the captain and a recently arrived firefighter to load the frozen couple into the boat and then tried to get everyone else safely back to the shore. As the party made their way back, Constable Scanlon was kept busy trying to prevent the growing rescue party from coming to harm as well as keeping one of victims, who was delirious, from continually trying to climb out of the boat. Eventually everyone made it to shore safely under the coordination of Constable Scanlon. Chief Richard Zanibbi of the Sudbury Regional Police Service presented Constable Scanlon with his award. While on patrol in southern Mississauga on November 27, 1991, Police Constable Trevor Babott spotted a car that had been reported stolen by two suspects wanted in relation to several attempt murders and robberies in cities across Ontario and Quebec. After spotting the constable's cruiser, the suspects attempted to flee. They soon abandoned their vehicle and fled on foot into a residential area. Both suspects were armed with loaded handguns and repeatedly pointed them at Constable Babott who was pursuing them on foot and shouting at them to stop. After a foot pursuit of several hundred metres and a brief struggle, Constable Babott arrested one suspect and then continued on to arrest the second male. The suspects were charged with several attempt murders, and weapons and robbery-related crimes. Chief Robert F. Lunney of the Peel Regional Police Service presented Constable Babott with his award. Janua ,1993
The Crimina! Code By Richard Duplain .
Part 5
1892 rJ 1992 "Our Criminal Code contains no general guiding principles. It nowhere says what criminal law is, what it is for or what it aims to achieve. Instead it consists largely ... of particular rules of ever increasing detail ... a collection of complex, cumbersome sections, many of which have been added from time to time ad hoc," says the Law Reform Commission of Canada. Established in 1971, the commission has spent several years re-examining the Criminal Code to a view of a new codification of criminal law. "Crime uncoped with is unjust: to the victim, to potential victims and to all of us. Crime wrongly coped with is also unjust; criminal law the state against the individual- is always on the cutting edge of the abuse of power. Between these two extremes justice must keep a balance, " urges the commission. "Common sense suggests that stopping crime is simple, and yet it seems to keep on rising no matter what we do. Criminology has still not discovered the cause or cure. All it has found is that our present cures work badly. So we end up frustrated with our criminal law for not delivering the goods and not satisfying our expectations. " "Our Criminal Code is largely the product of nineteenth century thought. That century was one of broad consensus and naive optimism. People in general were agreed on many matters of morality. They also thought that just as every event had its cause. So every problem had it own solution if only we could fine it. Hence the ... view of human beings as mechanistically rational and motivated solely by the principles of pleasure and pain. Hence too the primiJanua ,1993
tive faith in the effectiveness of deterrence." The commission feels thattoday there is less confidence that every problem has a quick solution - problems may be an inevitable feature of the human condition. "And there is less faith in the view of man as purely rational and acting in his own self-interest - the darker. Irrational and unconscious side of human nature has been rediscovered." ''This means there are no quick solutions to crime. There are no patent medicines. There is no instant cure. Crime, like the poor, is always with us. As long as human beings remain the sort of creatures they are, they will hold moral values and they will also transgress them. Crime is part of our divided nature. It is here to stay and the problem is to come to terms with it, " notes the commission. The commission said to come to terms with crime, society must keep an open mind and face up to reality. That reality is; +For every crime prosecuted there may be 10 reported and 40 unreported; +The law is frequently inhuman with Canada being a leading Western country in it use of prison sentences; +That crimes for penalties often depends, not on the nature of the crime, but on the person who commits it and +Most of the workings of the justice system takes place behind closed doors. The presumption of innocence also bares little resemblance to reality. "In reality the defendant often fights under a handicap - appearances, his clothes, his way of speaking, his very presence in the prisoner's dock, all tell against him." ''The kind of law we have can never guarantee protection - in general it only
13
moves in after the event and bolts the door after the horse has escaped. Our criminal law looks to the past. Protection comes from looking to the future," remarks the Commission. In looking to the future, criminal law tries by means of sentence and punishment to deter potential criminals and rehabilitate the actual offender. "Our society has too much respect for freedom and humanity to countenance measures stern enough to make a deterrence really bite, " observed the commission. 'We still need to do something about wrongful acts; to register our social disapproval, to publicly denounce them and to re-affirm the values violated by them. Criminal law is not geared only to the future; it also serves to throw light on the present - by underlining crucial social values." I've never had a p roblem with drugs; I've had problems with police. " - Keith Richards
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All New Officers Should Take Course In re ponse to the November '92 article (Volume 4 No.8 , The Firing Line - James Oalueg) I have advocated the position for a number of years that "ALL" potential police recruits be required to take and pass the Ministry of Natural Resources hunter safety course prior to being hired! This would not be any greater r quirement than the first aid and CPR courses that new recruits must have. Why senior management has balked at this is beyond my comprehension. While this course does not provide all the needs for the safe use of firearms in a police enviro nment, it does provide good common ense for prospective officers, o me of whom have only seen any type o f firearm on the television set alone handled one. I am a coach officer as well as an in tructor for the hunter safety course. I have had many anxious moments oberving some new and other not so new officers handling potentially loaded and un afe firearms both at the scene of incidents and at the office. The o nly reason that I think the hunter afety course has not been made a require ment for police officers is that too many person in upper management might feel this could be made. retroactive. It's time we put personal s~fety and the safety of others ahead of our biased opinion . Let's keep a step ahead of the government and show that we are willing and able to improve our skills in the u e o f firearms without its intervention. -Rolph S. Martin Rainy River, Ontario
Editor's Notes Commencing this year anyone wonting to obtain a Firearms Acquisition Certificate will have to produce proof of taking a course such as mentioned here. Perhap it i not too for out of line for police academies to incorporate such training.
There has been much discussion about firearms for law enforcement in the preceding years especially the revolvervs. semi-automatic debate. I think it goes without saying that the U.S . is ahead of us as far as "technologies" in law enforcement. So why is it that most police agencies in the U.S . are using semi-automatics and police agencies in Canada are not? I have heard that people may think they look too aggressive. So what! If they are better we should have them. I have heard that they are too expensive. So what! What is the cost of the life of a police officer? It's us out there on the front lines facing the criminals who are more often than not better armed than we are. Police equipment and their companies are on the rise. Each individual department decides what their members are (or supposed) to wear. Some agencies even have policies what their members can't wear. Two pieces of equipment I'd like to mention are pepper sprays and telescopic batons. Pepper spray in it many forms has been widely accepted as a nonlethal use of force by police. The telescopic baton is another one. In my opinion, its more practical, concealable and more effective. Tome its inconceivable that they are not more widely used. In some instances the officers are not allowed to wear and use them even if they buy them themselves. The last thing I'd like to bring up is training. It seems that in times of fiscal restraint, training seems to be the first thing that gets cut. In times where everything the police do is under heavy scrutiny, training is even more important. In the article in the October issue, Oalueg talked mostly about firearms training. I agree with you but firearms training is not the only important thing. One other I can think of is officer survival. I found, other than "the basics" of the training academy, there is none. I made a decision that I wouldn't let that stop me. I paid out of my own pocket to attend a course in Spokane Washington. I know I will probably never be reimbursed for the expenses but I don't mind
14
because to me it was worth it. My point is I shouldn't have to pay for it. While at this seminar I learned to be effective, firearms training has to be ''Recent, Relative and Realistic. " In my agency the firearms training doesn't meet any of the these. We get 120 rounds a year: 60 to practice and 60 to qualify. Our qualification is the standard PPC Course of fire, and as a qualified Range Officer I know this is a method of gauging whether an officer can carry his/her sidearm or not. But, this really won't help in a situation on the street. To top it all off, we are not allowed to shoot reloads trough our service revolvers (its a "you can but you may not" situation) . In fact I am looking at forming a local peace officer association to combine resources to buy necessary eqUipment to do some "Recent, Relative and Realistic", training. After all, whose life is on the line? Ours! The last thing I'd like to say is I agree with Oalueg's last line in the article. "maybe we can stop re-inventing the wheel. " In fact anyone who knows me has probably heard me say that more than once. Maybe if "they" stopped spending so much on studying firearms equipment and training we would have some money to pay for them! Tight lips, tight lines, firm, fair and armed, and maintaining the right. - B. G. Rahier Lac La Biche, Alberto
Editor's Notes Training is always a good investment in the future of any police agency. Train ing is not cheap nor is the life of an officer. It is my opinion that it is definitely a tragedy when on officer has to pull his gun and use it. However if an officer has to take that terrible step then it is in the officer's and the public's interest that the weapon used can do just what the officer has to do. This means the possibility of putting a person down as fast and as permanently as possible. We can not expect officers to take the ultimate action then not give them the tools to do it effectively and with the most safety to themselves and the public. January, 1993
"Victims" of Depatterning To Get $100,000 Compensation Patients of Dr. Ewen Cameron at the Allan Memorial Institute of the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal who were treated with psychiatric depatterning" techniques during the 1950s and 1960s are eligible for a payment of $100,000. The government announced in November payments to these patients on compassionate and humanitarian grounds would be available immediately. "Depatterning" was a psychiatric procedure used to treat mental illness at the Allan Memorial Institute between 1950 and 1965. The government of Canada prOvided funding to the Allan Memorial Institute as part of its program of national health care grants. Depatterning involved administering massive electroshock treatments to patients--sometimes up to twenty or thirty times as intense as the " normal" course of electro convulsive therapy treatments. In preparation for the treatment, the patient would be put into a prolonged sleep for a period of about 10 days by using various drugs. At that point, the massive electroshock therapy would begin with the patient being maintained on continuous sleep throughout. At the end of up to 30 days of treatment the patient's mind would be more or less in a childlike unconcerned state . Depatterning was then maintained for another week, with electroshocks being reduced to three per week and gradually to once per week. After this had occurred, the idea was to "re-pattern" the brain by trying to instill new and "correct' , patterns of thinking in the patient's mind through various techniques. TheU.S. Central Intelligence Agency, through an organization called the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology, covertly funded Dr. Cameron's depatterning techniques at the Allan Memorial Institute . Total funding amounted to $85,000 over six years, from 1957 to 1962. However, the government claims no Canadian government official had any knowledge of the CIA funding. This form of treatment is no longer used at the Allan Memorial Institute, having been abandoned at the hospital in 1965. January, 1993
In order to be eligible for the assistance, applicants must be permanent Canadian residents and demonstrate that they were a depatterned patient of Dr. Ewen Cameron at the Allan Memorial Institute in Montreal between the years 1950 and 1965. Officers knowing of any patients who
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15
... news beat ... news beat ... news beat ... Firearms Amnesty Said To Be Biggest Success Ever The government release statistics last month which indicated 12,368 firearms were turned in or registered during the 28 day of the national firearms amnesty in November. In addition there were 4,148 other devices such as explosiVes, grenades and military shells turned in together with 446,215 rounds of ammunition. "1 am pleased to announce that the number of firearms turned in has already exceeded the number received by police during the 1978 amnesty by 67 p e rce nt," Attorney General Kim Campbell stated. The total number of weapons surrendered in 1978 was 7,394. The results
were so encouraging the Attorney General announced a two week extension on the program in the hopes more weapons would be brought in for disposal or registration Under the program persons with firearms or ammunition in their possession, legal or otherwise, would be permitted to surrender the weapon or make application to legitimize their possession. The Attorney General said the amnesty combined with the new safe storage regulations and screening requirements for the Firearms Acquisition Certificate will reduce the possibility of accidental misuse and theft.
American Anti-Stalking Laws Criticized
Crime Stoppers Conference Going To Calgary
riminal defence lawyers in the United S tate are currently questioning the contitutionality of " anti-stalking" laws that allow police to arrest individuals without a warrant. Currently. 28 states have enacted or are considering legislation that makes it illeagal to repeatedly or Intentionally follow another person. alifomia enacted the nation's first antitalking bill in January 1991, reacting to five unrelated murders of women who had been stalked by their husbands or boyfriends. Anti-stalking laws also have been passed in Rorida, South Dakota, T enn ee, Illinois and Virginia. Section 423 (1)(c), better known as " Watch and Beset", is the only section in Canada's Criminal Code which comes clo to this legislation Many jurisdictions in the United States have been hampered by the U.S. Consitutional wording on the freedoms of individuals to do as they wish. There appears to be a strong lobby to modernize the Constitution to refl ec t offences which were never Invisioned in 1776.
Delegates to the 1992 Crime Stoppers Conference from the city of Calgary were delighted to hear their city had been selected for the 1993 conference. The conference, to be held September 21 to 26, promises to be "warm and frinedly" says event organizer Grant Howard. "While there are still some details to be worked out," Howard said, "we believe there will be a most interesting lineup of keynote and educational speakers at the conference. " He added that it was their mandate to provide speakers "who will provoke good-hearted discussion and, pOSSibly, debate." For further details contact your local Crime Stoppers representative or call Crime Stoppers HQ 800-245-0009.
16
January is (jlUMI~ S·I'OI·I·I~IlS
Month
INJ'~RNAT'O""\.
For more information on this program call
800-245-0009 More than 850 Crime Stoppers programs will highlight their successes, and hype the name and concept of Crime Stoppers to people in many different countries during the month of January. Crime Stoppers began in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1976, when a police detective named Greg MacAleese made a television appeal and offered a reward to anyone who helped solve the murder of a gas station attendant. It worked better than he could have imagined! Since that time, Crime Stoppers has been responsible for well over 69,000 arrests. Tips have led to the seizure or recovery of more than two billion dollars in illicit drugs and stolen property. Even more astonishing is the fact that, on average, for each dollar paid in rewards, Crime Stoppers has recovered $77.00 in property or drugs. Crime Stoppers is a three-way partnership among law enforcement, citizens and the media. Citizens are urged to call in information about a crime, remain anonymous, and be eligible for a reward if the information leads to an arrest. Each program is administered by civilian volunteers who are responsible for publicity, fund-raiSing, and paying rewards. The organization is non-profit and donations are tax-deductible. Crime Stoppers is currently working in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, Israel, Mexico, Jamaica, Sierra Leone, West Africa. and Guam. January, 1993
... news beat ... news beat ... news beat ... Nova Scotia Appeal Courts To Join Supreme Toronto will be the site of a nationa Court
National Symposium On Crime Prevention Announced
symposium on Community Safety and Crime Prevention this March 10th to 12th. The symposium was announced in Ottawa last month and was stated it would bring together those who play key roles in improving the safety of Canadian communities. The announcement further stated the symposium will bring together over 200 people from all levels of government, voluntary organizations, the police community, the judiciary, ethnocultural groups, the media and adamemics. The symposium participants will be invited to begin the complex work of mapping out a national strategy on community safety and crime prevention. Improving community safety through the prevention of crime will be the central theme of symposium discussions. The announcement stated Canadians are calling for action on such issues as fear of crime, protection for victims of crime and the growing problem of youth alienation and violence. The symposium is intended to give voice to the many ways in whcih these issues can be addressed in a national strategy for a safer Canada. For further information contact Alexandra Guest, Office of the MInister of Justice (613) 992-4621
We Committed a "SIN" On Page 15 of the December issue we goofed on a typo error on the formula for determining if a Social Insurance Card was proper. In "STEP TWO" the second line of numbers and the third digit from the left should be a zero. We put in the proper total underneath but the gremlins were at work in the typography department and placed a number six there. Hope you did not struggle with your cards too long trying to figure it out. January, 1993
Legislation that enables Nova Scotia to proceed with reorganizing and streamlining the courst system in that province was intoduced into the House of Commons in November. The announcement came as the Attorney General tabled a bill that amends the Judges Act and other related federal statutes. The bill was designed to complement Nova Scotia's plans to merge the County Court with the Supreme Court - Trial Division into one court. The two courts will be knonw as the Supremem Court of Nova Scotia. The former Supreme Court - Appeal Division will now be constituted as a separate court, the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal. Minister of Justice and Attorney General Kim Campbell stated the merger will incease the efficienty of the courts and help reduce the cost of administering the judicial system in Nova Scotia. The judges and supernumerary judges of the Supreme Court - Trial Division and the County Court will be reappointed to the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, as soon as the Act is proclaimed.
Mexican Police Make Cross Border Arrests Mexican police crossed onto American soil and seized two men at gunpoint the sameday the United States Supreme Court infuriated Mexico by saying U.S. agents could crossborders to apprehend fugitives, border officials say. A Customs official said that such border crossings occur once or twice a year by Mexican officials but are not publicized. The alleged incursion into the southeastern Arizona town of Douglas followed the weekend seizure of a fugitive from U.S . courts in Mexico by private investigators from north of the border. The Supreme Court ruled that in spite of an extradition treaty, the United States was justified in the 1990 kidnapping of a Mexican physician wanted in the killing of U.S. drug agent Enrique Camarena. Mexico briefly suspended anti-drug cooperation after that ruling, and has protested the seizure in the Mexican state of Sonora. In the latest case, several men who appeared to be Mexican federal judicial police followed a van as it crossed into Douglas and stopped at a U.S . border checkpOint, said Fred Lawrence, district attomey director for the U.S . Customs Service in Nogales. Four American agents - two Customs and two Immigration - witnessed the incursion.
6~£m~~~~~~~ FLASHES By Tony MacKinnon
"Please officer, I'll confess to anything!.. . Just please stop singing ''Achy Breaky Heart!"
17
Canada Is Turning 40 The Glock Model 22 Has Landed The emi-automatic pistol date back to around the turn of the century. It had not hanged very much until an A ustrian manufacturer introduced a gun which repLa ed much of the lVood and metaL with p oLy mer pLastics. In this f eature story Jim DaLueg introduce you to this revoLutionary weapon. It is with great pleasure that I can say that state of Canadian law enforcement is really not as sorry as previously imagined. The Province of Alberta has just shown the country that it has confidence In the competence of the men and women who 'serve and protect' the cities of Calgary and Edmonton. I also have to take my hat off to the Armament Office of the Metropolitan Toronto Police Force for weathering incredible political controversy which, at times, appeared to border on the insane. Why the fuss, muss, and bother? I can sum it up in one word. "Glock". The e three police departments have begun an extensive refit into 21st century technology. For Calgary and Edmonton the aged stand-by has been put out to pasture for a long overdue rest. The revolver has be n replaced by the most advanced pistol of this decade the Glock Model 22 in .40 S&W. There are many fine pistols currently in use by law enforcement agencies worldwide . Canada is now finally coming to grips with the fact that the time has come to modernize. In some ways Canadian law enforcement agencies have had a distinct advantage over our U.S. counterparts. We have been able to watch the Incredible infighting over. 9mm vs .45, Domestic vs European, hypervelocity vs subsonic debates, and then there's that heathen plastic gun from Au tria. Since Its Introduction to America in 1986, the Glock has been dragged through the mud and endured being limed from endless sources. These being official, unofficial, by those suppos-
edly in the know and should, quite frankly know better. Has this affected Glock in any way? Well, it sure made a whole lot of people in the law enforcement community curious. Once the guns were out into the officer's hand they have never looked back. Glock is THE success story of the firearms industry. Glock currently enjoys in excess of 40 percent of the U.S ... law enforcement pistol market. In Canada that margin is approaching the 60 percent margin.
The.40S&W When the .40 S&W cartridge was introduced as a joint venture between Smith & Wesson and Winchester / Olin at the 1990 SHOT Show in the U.S . , Glock immediately set out to build a gun around the newly developed calibre. When the industry bombshell was dropped Glock was currently in the middle of producing the Model 20 in full house
18
.10mm and the Model 21 in .4Sacp. These pistols were put on the backburner as the design engineers went to work on the forty to be known as the Model 22. They were able to work the round into the existing format of the .9mm Model 17 frame . In a matter of weeks the first prototypes were ready. The California Highway Patrol, who were to become the first agency to adopt the calibre, requested samples of the pistols be submitted immediately before their testing deadline. Two of the prototypes were sent for examination and test fire purposes. The CHP however included them in the testing program and they did not fare to well. Being prototypes they were never expected to. However the press picked up on it and subsequent media hype again surrounded Glock concerning the inferior plastic pistol. After all it was a foreign gun shooting a foreign calibre (9mm) . Now the infidel was faced with the home grown North American calibre of the future and it failed to live up to the challenge! It was hilarious reading. Glock however took it in stride and learned from the experiences. Improvements were made to the .9mm frame and magazines, the slide was made heavier to absorb the increase in felt recoil and pressure. When all was said and done the Glock Model 22 was introduced. As stated earlier Glock hasn't looked back. I have been informed by Glock representatives that the Model 22 is the hottest pistol in their line-up. In Canada it accounts for 70% of sales.
The Pistol: The Pistols design is totally unique. No other pistol comes close to it. The most apparent deviation from the norm is Glock's use of synthetic polymer in the frame . The frame is 17% stronger than the conventional steel used in firearms manufactUring and about 14% lighter. Extreme cold or heat does not affect the Glock. The steel slide is massive and is designed to sit low to the shooter's hand. Remember the Recoil-Mass-Pivot-Distance article. The bore axis now pushes Janua ,1993
the recoil straight back into the shooter's arm and there is less muzzle flip . The slide and other metal parts are finished in what is called tenifer. This produces a hardness that rates 70C on the Rockwell scale. Just a step down from diamond hardness. The barrel of the Glock is cold hammer forged with hexagonal rifling. This allows for a better gas seal behind the bullet as it's fired, in turn you get higher velocities, and improved accuracy. Barrel life is increased and requires considerably less work to clean.
Mecnamcally speaKing: The Model 22 consists of 34 parts including the magazine components. These parts are precision manufactured and are completely interchangeable from one pistol to another. This greatly reduces maintenance and logistics headaches for your force armourer or gunsmith. Fully loaded the Model 22 weighs in at 32.98 ounces. By comparison an empty S&W Model 10 weighs in at 33.50 ounces. There are no external safetys or decocking levers on the Glock. It employs what is described as a 'Safe Action' trigger. It is in this area that the pistols detractors place a lot of emphasis. Claiming it is prone to accidental or nonintentional discharge. For those unfamiliar with the pistol, here's a quick overview. The pistol employs what Glock calls a "Safe Action' trigger. I suppose you could simplify the term by calling it double action only. The trigger pull remains constant at all times. There are three internal safetys found within the pistol. The first is located within the trigger itself. Giving the appearance of a trigger within a trigger. This lever must be depressed to allow the trigger to move rearward. When the trigger is engaged the rearward movement causes the extension of the trigger bar to lift upward raising the firing pin safety. As the trigger pull is nearing completion the trigger bar releases the firing pin and away goes the round. The trigger springs come in a variety of weights and in two configurations; coil or leaf spring. The coil spring has a five pound trigger pull and the leaf spring increases the pull weight to eight
January, 1993
pounds. The latter being known as the New York Trigger. ( Designed at the request of the New York State police who wanted a heavier pull).
How It Shoots: The pistol is ergonomically designed to fit the greatest number of hands possible. While not as convenient as a single column magazine pistol, the grip profile
of the Model 22 should accommodate all but the smallest hands. When fully
loaded the magazine to frame fit is tight. Loaded magazines will not freely drop out of the pistol. While this is a design feature many agencies in North America prefer magazines to clear the pistol when the magazine catch has been depressed. Glock has responded to this and dropfree magazines are forthcoming.
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Pepper Sprays And The Uniformed Officer Part 2 BV John Propper
Capsicum Spray Nozzle Types Perhaps the best way to look at the different types of sprays is by nozzle type. All range or distance-to-target figures assume still air.
Rotating Head Nozzle: This is typically found in smaller containers and produces a misting "cone" shaped or streamer type spray depending on the model. The cone spray has a maximum range of about a metre; the streamer has a maximum range of about 2 -3 metres. The safety is engaged by rotating the nozzle head, with your thumb say, into a locked position. This model is often found in "dog repellent" sprays and is ideal for situations where concealment is very important, ego "old clothes" assignments.
Grenade Nozzle: This is for Emergency Response Unit (ERU) applications and useful for clearing enclosed areas . The nozzle is depressed into a locked position the can is thrown into the room where it fully discharges in about 30 seconds. The can has a flexible dip tube with a weight on the end of it. This keeps the end of the tube in the liquid, and the ASR working, even if the can lands on its side. (See Photo 5) The grenade produces a cone spray and can also be used hand-held. The user can repeatedly spray by only partially depressing, and NOT locking open, the nozzle. This grenade also comes in a "Keyholer" version with an integrated 6
foot flexible plastic tube for sliding under doors etc. (See Photo bottom right)
The Halon Nozzle: So called because it was originally developed for use in halon gas fire extinguishers for home use, this has a largish rectangular shaped nozzle. It has the greatest range of the nozzle types and dispenses the most OC per second of any of the nozzles. The halon type is often found on the "Burst" or "Crowd Control" law enforcement models and the "Bear repellents. " This nozzle blows a powerful cloud of OC to a range of about 3 to 4 metres. This also means that an enclosed area can become contaminated very quickly and that the cost per application is the highest. Although some manufacturers do market these models for uniformed officer use their widest application is in ERU. They are most popular for clearingoperations and" one-on-many" situations.
The Streamer Nozzles: This and the following "cone spray" nozzle are the most popular for general purpose uniformed officer use. It is hard to distinguish a cone spray from a streamer by simply looking at the nozzle and this photo could be either (in fact it is a cone spray). The streamer and the similar "ragged" streamer squirt a reasonably coherent stream of liquid. The ragged
20
streamer is, as it sounds, a little rough around the edges and wets a bigger area than the " vanilla" streamer. The streamer types have a range of about 3 metres.
The Cone Spray Nozzle: The cone spray has an effective range of about 2 metres and has a bigger "footprint" than streamers . It starts off fairly coherently and starts to break into a mist at about the 11 3 metre mark. In still air it will be misted in about one metre and continues for another metre or so. The cone spray and the streamer types are the most popular for uniformed officer issue. Unfortunately there are important trade-offs among the features of each of these two nozzle types. The benefits of the streamers include more stability in windy conditions and more range. Also the officer is less likely to be affected by "cross contamination. " Proponents of the cone spray claim that the cross contamination is typically not serious and can be Significantly reduced through training. The advantages of the cone spray include a respiratory effect on the subject. Repeated short bursts (with lateral movement) can ensure OC gets into the lungs of a fighter. Streamers typically do not affect the breathing and some subjects can continue resistance in spite of eye and skin discomfort and temporary loss of sight. Also, especially in dynamic conditions, it is often easier to acquire and track your target with the cone spray. The cone spray also allows the attachment of an "Auto Ejector,". This needle-and-tube attachment allows the application of OC to the interior of cars, vans, etc. by working the needle through or around rubber seals, under doors, etc.
Janua ,1993
OC Sprays On The Force Continuum Model Generally, the use of OC in a oneon-one situation is inappropriate against an armed subject. OC is most effectively applied very low on the force continuum. Using this force model, agencies typically put OC after open hand techniques have been attempted or ruled out. This puts OC before the baton. For tactical reasons OC is best used without warning.
Benefits and Limitations of OC: The benefits from OC with the above kind of use are many. OC eliminates the constant scuffling and resulting frequent injuries to both police and subjects. Besides reducing injuries OC can also save lives. The life-saving properties of OC stem from the immediate halt to violence; there is little opportunity for the struggle to escalate. During a conflict there is always the threat that the assail-
John Propper is the owner of Canadian Law Enforcement Products in Toronto. As weU as marketing this product John has taken an intense interest in it use. For further infornudion on these products you may contact John at (416)487-8894 or FAX (416) 484-9345
CONIUM Len Conium We Ship Anywhere In Canadal 5 GAinsbrook Court COMPUTER Whitby, Ontario LlRIW9 Each System Includes SERVICES 200 Watt Power Supply Telephone (416) 543-1127
_ -
ant will produce a weapon or try to disarm the officer or the officer is simply overpowered or etc. This risk of the escalation of threat can be reduced by Oc. Finally but most importantly, because of its temporary effects and safety OC is very forgiving and tolerant of error. The highly stressful nature of violent encounters ensures that mistakes in the application of force will necessarily occur. The use of OC minimizes the injuries that may result from errors. What then are the shortcomings of OC? OC has a limited range and usually is used at very close quarters. By far the most typical contact range is about one metre. Also the spray is affected by environmental conditions such as temperature, precipitation and wind. Finally, a few subjects, say 5%, are relatively unaffected by Oc.
For the above reasons OC is inappropriate, in the general case, against an armed assailant. For example, a typical male youth can cover over 5 metres from a standing start in less than a second. The use of OC, with say two metres range, with 95% effectiveness, is simply not good enough in an armed attack when death or serious injury could result. In ideal cases, however, one could argue for the use of OC against armed subjects. For example, OC might make sense if officers have back-up, if the subject's freedom of movement is restricted, if the subject is not very determined, and so on.
Whitby - Brampton - Milton -
Fax (416) 875-0693
386DX-40 Power Pack 40 Mhz. mother board with 64k Cache memory 120 Meg. Hard Drive 2 Meg. Ram expandable to 32 Meg. Super VGA colour monitor
$1799 4860X-33 Power Pack Plus 33 Mhz. mother board with 64k Cache memory 120 Meg. Hard Drive 2 Meg. Ram expandable to 32 Meg. Math Co-processor Super VGA colour monitor
$1999 January, 1993
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Desktop Case or Mini Tower TurbolReset Switch wI keyboard security lock 1.2 Mb disk drive (5.25) 1.44 Mb disk drive (3.50) 2 Serial, 1 Parallel & 1 Game Port Enhanced 101 keyboard 512 kb SVGA graphic card Microsoft I PC compatible Mouse platform MS DOS 5.0 Power bar with surge supressor Disk storage case
Hardware I Software 9 Pin Dot Matrix Printer 24 Pin Dot Matrix Printer Math Co-Processor 120 Meg Tape Backup Additional RAM I Meg.
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Product News & Views
Sweater Acts Like Thermostat
Reviewed by Morley Lym burner
Spray Can Replace A Lot Of Elbow Grease Roberts On-Guard Products Ltd. of Guelph, Ontario, have released a new product that could reduce the amount of scraping performed on frosted windshields this winter. A bottle of this stuff in each cruiser could certainly help out when in an hurray. "Frost Buster" comes in a plastic spray bottle and the liquid works very quickly on windshields on those cold frosty mornings when you just can't take the time to scrape the windshield and then just hope it doesn't fog up. I found it works quite well on frost but not so well on ice crusted on the glass. The adjustable nozzle can go from a stream to mist. For further information call (800) 653-7678.
I'm not sure if the company's specs even ay this but I was looking inside the Blauer Commando 21O-XCR sweater for the thermostat. It appeared no matt r where I went with this sweater I got neither too cold nor too warm. When I first put it on I was impressed with the weight of the sweater and then Alcohol Countermeasure Systems of with the Gore-T ex white nylon-type lin- Mississauga has announced an improved ing which made it easy to pull on and "Alcolmeter S-L2" designed to increse take off. I walked around outside (in your chances of apprehending a drinkminus 3 Celsius weather) and found the ing driver quickly and effectively. wind did not reach through to me. For The S-L2 has two indicator lamps to the next week I wore the sweater outside ensure a proper breath sample is taken. with a spring jacket over it and found I The "A" (pressure) lamp indicates the wa as warm as my down pile winter proper flow of air through the instrument coat. while the "B" lamp indicates the miniThe real surprise hit me when I en- mum specified duration (2.5 seconds) as ter d a rather warm room for a meeting. been achieved. The operator is then I took off my spring coat, expecting to instructed to press the "Read" button experience a little over-heating, but was and continue holding the button until the urprised to find my body maintaining a reaction is complete within 10-20 seccomfortable temperature. onds. The BAC display lamp illuminates In short I am Impressed with the to provide the BAC test result. Commando 21 O-XCR. If you are one of T he company claims the unit is lighter, tho e people who are detailed at the smaller and ready to use in a shorter time whim of the boss to both inside and than the old ALERT J3A which is curoutside details you will like the way this rently in use by many police agencies.The weater un complicates your decision on smaller dimensions of the instrument how to dress. If you are on car or beat makes it suitable to fit in a pocket. The patrol you can't go wrong with this prod- retail price at around $545.00 each also uct. brings it down to an affordable level for I have been told it is made from New many agencies and even private interest Zealand wool and is also machine wash- groups. able and that's a nice added bonus. For further information contact ACS For more information contact Blauer at (416) 670-2288 or Fax (416) 670at (617) 536-6606 8211.
Smaller Alcohol Tester Fits In Pocket
22
Bullets On Recall May Lodge In Gun Barrell The Remington Arms Company is recalling a quantity of .243 Win., 100 gr. , PSP, centre fire ammunition, index #R243W3. This action was taken because a limited number of these rounds were loaded with insufficient powder. This will result in failure to fire properly and could possible leave a bullet lodged in the barrel creating an obstruction which may be dnagerous if a subsequent round is fired. The affected product has lot numbers that begin with "U060 " or "U070" and no other lot numbers are involved. The lot numbers are located on the inside left flap of the 20 pack cardboard box. For further information about this recall officer may call (800) 634-5401.
Improve Low Light & Night Shooting Accuracy! Line up Self-Illuminating Marks in Front & Rear Gunsights
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Janua ,1993
The tools of the trade Law enforcement is no fool's game! Modern law enforcement professionals need all the tools at their disposal. The biggest and most basic tool is Knowledge.
Two of the most important books ever written for those involved in law enforcement STREET SURVIVAL Tactics for Armed Encounters Positive tactics designed to master real-life situations. 403 pages of photos, diagrams, and the hard lessons of real experience.
$46.95
THE TACTICAL EDGE Surviving High Risk Patrol Advanced material ideal for academy and departmental training programs and all law enforcement professionals. 544 pages with over 750 photos and drawings.
$58.95
o The Rodney King Case (Video) o Ultimate Survivors (Video) o Surviving Edged Weapons (Video)
$37.95 $75 .95 $65 .95
o Tactical Edge
$58.95
o Street Survival o Five Minute Policeman o Boss Talk o Case Manager (Single User Version)
$46.95 $13.70 $15 .70 $150.00
o One Year Subscription (10 Issues) to Blue Line Magazine - $25.00 (G.S.T. Included)
o Binder to hold one year subscription - $12.95 (G.S.T. included) Subscribers $10.95 Name:
----------------
Address:
Sub Total G.S.T.
--------------------------Ont. Sales Tax
Municipality ___________ Province ________ Postal Code: Phone: (
)
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7% Goods & Services Tax Extra No Ontario Sales Tax on Books Prices include Shipping & Handling
o Send Invoice with product (Available to Paid Subscribers, Law Enforcement Agencies, and Educational Facilities Only) Exp. o Please charge my VISA or MasterCard account # Signature: o Cheque Enclosed
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Training and upgrading material for the Law Enforcement Community
Marketing
12A-4981 Hwy.7 East, Ste.254, Markham , Ontario, L3R 1N1- (416)640-3048
You may Fax your order direct on our 24 hour line (416) 640-7547
Pro Carry Systems Presents: 'I'DI~ l)trl'Y III~ I.,'I' Th patrol officer is the backbone of any police forc . Th Duty Belt is the backbone of the patrol officer. That's wh every component of our duty b It tern is street-tested and refined to perfection. Our entire s stem is made of advanced, lightweight, durable and maintenance-free materials, including ordura, Velcro and Divers Web. The re ult is a belt system less than half the weight of conventional leather that leaves your back in the same remove, replace or lose. All the equipment on the belt is condition it was in b fore our shift. Each component on designed for ease ofuse. The duty holster is precisely fitted th b It acts as a k per, so your equipment stays exactly to your gun to provide the retention you need. h re ou put it, and there are no clums belt keepers to
'I'DI~ l)trl'Y Illle. For years police officers have suffered with "civilian" briefcase not designed for the rigors of daily duty u e. How many times have your files and equipment ended up dumped on the floor of your patrol car or 10 t under the seat where they aren't any good to anyone?
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