The Tools of The Trade Law enforcement is no foofs game! Modern law enforcement professionals need all the tools at their disposal. The biggest and most basic tool is KNOWLEDGE.
Two of the most important books ever written for those involved in law enforcement !!
STREET SURVIVAL
Street
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Idg.
Positive tactics designed to master real-life situations. 403 pages of photos, diagrams, and the hard lessons of real experience. $46.95
CD
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TactiCal «-
Tactics for Armed Encounters
; Survival f,
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'
THE TACTICAL EDGE Surviving High Risk Patrol
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Advanced material ideal for academy and departmental training programs and all law enforcement professionals. 544 pages with over 750 photos and drawings. $58.95
.~Ij ,
Tactical Edge
$58.95
Street Survival
$46.95
Ultimate Survivors (Video)
$75.95
o Five Minute Policeman o BossTalk o CaseManager (Computer Softwear)
Surviving Edged Weapons (Video)
$65.95
Case Manager (Single User Version)
One Year Subscription (10 Issues) to B lue Line Magazine $25.00 (G .S.T. Included)
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2
January, 1992
~~~~____________________________J_a_ nU_a_~ __1_9_9_2 _____
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This Issue Cover Photo Design by Brian Hicks
FEATURES Cover Story Calendar Of Up-Coming Events Letters To The Editor Defensive Tactics :Part 4 - Craig Best Functional Vs. Dysfunctional Families: Neil V. Thompson Product News: Electronic Imaging Impact Panels To be Evaluated in Alberta Systems Review: Striking at the heart of crime - Unysis Adult Criminal Diversion Process Trained Volunteers Serving The Community Airborne Law Enforcement - Part 2 Product News : New Red-Pepper Defensive Aerosol Product Review: Glock Pistols - The future of firearms today Book Review: Examination of Witnesses In Criminal Cases Computer Woes - Part 3: Some Suggestions Product News: See the Sights - Even at Night! Product News : The Unseen Protector Drug Enforcement Seminar Coming In June Judgemental Firearms Training Body Armour Saves Vancouver Officer
3 4
5 6
8 9 9 10 12 14 18 19 22 23 24 25 25 25
26 28
NEWS 16 16 16 16
Solution Sought For Rural Sign Thefts U.s. Condemned For Executions Aspirin Increases Alcohol Level Toronto Cops To Get Semi-Auto Guns Ontario Introduces Unique Fore Code Officers To Trim Up Or Trip Out
17 17
CASE LAW
20 20
Failure To Keep CPIC Updated Loses Case No Right To Counsel Attendance At Breath Test Prohibited Weapon Definition Broadened
21
Smidlap By Dave Sills
"Sure like this
area foot patrol!"
January, 1992
3
What better way to start off a new year than by congratulating the Metro Toronto Police Auxiliary on their 35th Anniversary. To honour the occasion Blue Line has given over its cover to these stalwart volunteers that donate so much of their own time to help. Read more about them on page 14. This issue is also dedicated to the understanding of firearms and products related to them. You will find stories in this issue that explain various firearm training equipment available and a review of the Glock pistol by our new firearms editor. This month we continue our series on Airbourne Law Enforcement. We will commence a new series on computers and software from the manufacturers standpOint. Each story over the next few months will present a product which is targetted specifically to the law enforcement field . In this series the manufacturers will tell their stories about their own products. It appears 1992 will be a good year for books related to law enforcement and we hope to be giving you more reviews of them as they become available to us. 1991 was a good year for Blue Line Magazine. Although we had considerable problems with production its popularity has grown and we look forward to 1992 with great excitement. Keep those cards and letters coming in. We need your support ... and subscriptions.
Calendar Of Up-Coming Events February 17 - 20, 1992
POUCING IN 1HE GLOBAL COMMUNfIY The Challenge Of Leadership Simon Fraser University and the Justice Institute of B.C will be holding this seminar which is designed for police managers. It will address the critical issues of vision, organizational leadership and creative adaptation to change. Further information call B.C Police Academy (604) 2289771 Ex.257 or FAX (604) 660-1875 or Simon Fraser University at (604) 2913792 or FAX (604) 291-3851.
March 2 - 5, 1992 JUSTICE: EXTENDING TIlE VISION Victoria, British Columbia This conference is targeted to everyone in the fields of justice, social selVices and mental health. Prominent keynote speakers and workshop leaders will address emerging issues in the areas of victimization and recovery in Canada. Workshops will include Family and Sexual Violence, Victims as Witnesses, The Victim/Offender Continuum. For further information contact Shelley Rivkin, Justice Institute of B.C (604) 222-7251. (Note: This is not a COVA Conference)
March 8 - 12, 1992
The fifth International Anti-Corruption Conference The title of the conference will be "Looking to the Future: The Control of Corruption in a perspective of growing Internationalization." Within this main topic, attention will be given to two themes, 1) corruption and organized crime and 2) corruption and the growing cooperation across Europe. For more information. contact The Foundation for Society and Police (Stichting Maatschappi, en Politic), P.O . Box 239, 3300 AE Dordrecht, The Netherlands Tel: 078 144362 Fax: 078-3 13580.
March 17 - 19, 1992
EMEX 92 INTERNATIONAL San Francisco, California The 1992 International Emergency Management Exposition and Conference, featuring products and services for emergency disaster preparedness, will present a comprehensive conference program. The three day conference will present demonstrations, lectures, seminars and a trade show. For further details contact Carol Davis-Beach (617)4496600 or FAX (617)449-6953.
May 13 - 15, 1992
RADIOCOMM 92 MontmaJ, Quebec RadioCommisCanada'sonlytradeshow dedicated to mobile communications. This event will be held in the Exhibition Hall South, Place Bonaventure in Montreal. The RadioComm Association of Canada will hold its annual convention at the same time. For further information contact Peter Mclean or Carole Meyer at (416) 252-7791 FAX (416) 252-9848
June 01 - 04, 1992
1RAmC CRIME SEMINAR Toronto, Ontario
The Metropolitan Toronto Police Traffic Operations will be hosting their third annual Traffic Crime Seminar. This event will include a week long series of seminars related to Hit and Run and serious accident investigations. Members attending this years event will be broken up into investigative teams and carry out a detailed investigation of a fatal Hit & Run incident. Number of attendees is limited. For further information and registration contact Christina Stambulski at (416) 324-0557 or FAX (416) 324-1902.
problems and solutions. For further information contact: NDet. Supt. Leo Campbell at (416) 324-0509, 447-8470 or FAX 324-0503.
July 12 - 17, 1992 ASIAN ORGANIZED CRIME CONFERENCE "Strategies for the 1990's" The RCMP and Calgary Police SelVice will be hosting the 14th International Asian Organized Crime Conference. The conference will include key-note speakers and a full agenda of social events and companion activities. Further information can be obtained from Darrell Wilson or Carmen McKnight at (403) 268-8530 or FAX (403) 265-6330
August 2 - 7 , 1992
IAAT.I. DISCOVERY 1992 Toronto, Ontario
The Metropolitan Toronto area police forces will be hoSting the International Association of Auto Theft Investigators 1992 training seminar. All police agencies in and around the Metropolitan Toronto area will be assisting with this international event. The convention will include seminars, workshops and exhibitor displays related to the auto theft prevention industry. Contact person is D.Sgt. Chris Hobson (416)324-6260 or Roger OJerton (416)252-5215.
September21-251992
PROALE 2000 Toronto, Ontario
The Metropolitan Toronto Police Sexual Assault Squad will present a four day sex crimes seminar. Several experts and international key-note speakers will be featured . For further details contact Sgt. Wendy Lever at (416) 324-6060 or FAX (416) 324-0697.
June 8 - 11, 1992 DRUG ENFORCEMENT - 2001 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
For Inclusion In this column we must have at least two months advance notice. Please try to keep the description of your event to 30 The Metropolitan Toronto Police Force words. (Not including Tftle, Contact will host the Drug Enforcement Name and Phone/FAX) It may be International Conference in Toronto. The faster to FAX your announcement theme is to provide a futuristic ovelView so feel free to use our 24 hour of international drug enforcement Editorial FAX line - (416) 293-0526.
4
Janua ,1992
Vol. 4 No.1 - January 1992 - EDITOR I PUBLISHER Morley S. Lymburner Phone (416) 293-2631 FAX (416) 293-0526
- EDITORIAL ADVISORS David H. Tsubouchi, LL. B. Edward Gunraj Gerald A. Oxman I.C.I.A. Jaan Schaer BA Robert Hotston BA M.Crim. Rick Patrick (Lambton College) Tom Vares (Durham College) Harold Dale , LL. B.
ILetters to the Editor I Magazine Is Wise Investment
EDITOR'S NOTES Thanks for your concern. We will keep that free one going. Consider it to be the one for the detachment library for future members coming in to replace you. (If that day ever comes!!!) In the near future the "promotional" copies will be spread around to each detachment on a rotational cut-offschedu/e. (ie. each detachment will be cut off from getting one in five issues)
Phone (416) 294-5502 FAX (416) 294-8952
All three offices of Toronto Investigations receive copies of Blue Line Magazine. I have found that many of the artic es are of great interest to the Investigators and Unit Chiefs. In addition, I find that many of the Case Law synopses are particularly relevantto our type of work. If anyone chose to subscribe to this magazine, I am sure that they would agree thatthe $25.00 fee for ten issues is a wise investment. Keep up the good work in the production of this most worthwhile publication.
- CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Robert Hotston • Geoff Cates Craig Best • Thomas Vares Neil Thompson • Morley Lymburner
Gary W . Colgan Manager Customs Investigations Division Toronto Region
-ILLUSTRATION Tony MacKinnon • Bette Clark Dave Sills • Dave Bluestein
Something a little special
Just a Mountie Basher
Just a short note to say that I enjoy your magazine very much. I always find something a little special in each issue.
I am writing in response to your October commentry on "The Reality Of Modern Policing." You stated, "the new holster looks more secure than it really is." You failed to point out why you came to this conclusion. You also stated that "an open butt is simply too tempting for a desperate person to ignore. " As I understand it, almost all forces now use the open concept. In defense of the 5 inch barrel, I would argue that the extra length provides better accuracy and higher velocity due to more efficient powder bum. You chose to focus on the holster and revolver and you failed to note the improvements to the working uniform, the kit issue of mini maglites, top quality leather and "Gore-tex" winter boot wear. (Canadian made no less) Your commentary appeared to be more of an attempt at RCMP bashing than constructive criticism.
The editorial advisors are persons from whom this publication seeks advice and guidance. The use of their names is merely in recognition of their assistance and ongoing support.
- ADVERTISING Allan W. Stiver
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Mary K. Lymburner, M.Ed. Phone (416) 293-2631
FAX (416) 293-0526
BI.e Une Mac_zine is publisbed monthly. September to J une, by Blue Line Magazine Incorporated with a mailing add ress 0 [: UA· 4981 Hwy. 7 Ea.~ St• • 2S4, Ma r kba"", Onta rio, LJR tN1 Ed itorial a nd copy is considered to be completely sepa· ra te fro m advertising sales. No commilleme nl [o r edi torial coverage ca n [o rm a ny pa rt o f a sa le agreemen t All a rticles a re protected by copyrigbL No part o [this publication may be reprod uced o r lr3nsmitted in any fo rm or by a ny mea ns, electronic o r mechanical, including pbotocopying and re· cording o r by a ny information storage o r retrieval system wi thout perm ission [rom the publisbe r. The a uthors, advisors a nd publisber accept no liability whatsoever for any injuries to person o r property resulting from the application or adoption of any of the procedures. tactics o r considerations presented in this magazine. Readers are cautioned and advised that articles presented be rein are edited and supplied [o r your personal awa reness and sbo uld not be referred to [or [urtber • .oon un til a ppropria te advice a nd guida nce is received [ro m a Supervisor or Crown A ttor-
ney. Blue Line Magazine is a n independa nt publica tio n designed to e ntertain, educa te a nd upgrade theskills o f those invo lved in the law enforcement professio n. It bas no direct contro l from a law enfo rcement agency a nd itt o pinio ns and articles do not necessarily reflect the opinions o f any government o r police agency. Blue Une Magazine is prin1ed in Canada by Pro Art Grpahic Desig n.
- MemberIn te m ali.Da. AsSNiati.n .r Law Enr.reemen t Planners
PeriHical P ••lishers Exeha nce
ISSN #0847 8538 Second Class Mail Registration No.8242
January, 1992
Scott Dexter Thornton, Ontario
Won't need the free copies anymore I thoroughly enjoy your magazine and my subscription recently began with the October issue. I am stationed at a one man unit and I still receive the free issue of your magazine along with my subscription. In the interests of cost you should probably consider cancelling the free issue to this address. I have enjoyed evey issue and was very thankful for the free issues so that I didn't miss anything. Keep up the good work. Roy Harrison RCMP Sachs Harbour, N.W.T.
5
Let Us Know! I have been enjoying your magazine for two years. Keep up the good work. PLEASE! If you ever get a response from the RCMP on your October commentary about that holster... LET US KNOW! John Doe Sarnia, Ontario EDITOR'S NOTES Nothing so far John ! It does kinda make you think though.
Cst. AG. Rickaby RCMP Courtnay, B.c.
Tactics
Phr.tnl'lr"nlhv : Jim Green
Demonstration : Andrew Basko
Progressive Levels of Training Intensity Part 4
Weakside Block < Street Simulation Opponent in padded suit swings at the officer (wearing helmet) at full contact speed. The officer must react to body language and obtain good reaction time in order to block this thrust.
Side View
>
Side view of the street simulation weak side block. Note the counter measure. The officer uses a knee thrust to the common peroneal nerve once the block is executed.
Executing Counter-Measure
>
View of Counter-measure executed following weakside block. After the knee Is weakened the officer grabs the opponent's shoulder and while keeping control of his wrist pulls him to the ground. (Note the officer carries a cast aluminum training gun. No live firearms used in practice.)
Gaining Full Control
>
Once the counter- measure is executed the officer directs the suspect to the ground for handcuffing.
6
>
Full Control For Cuffing Once the suspect is fully controlled by straight arm bar, handcuffs are applied. The countermeasures and take down are full contact but supervisied by a qualified instructor.
Safety First ... Then Simulate The "RedMan" suit is very effective for weapon retention training at street simulation level. Helmet for officer and aluminum cast replica revolver painted with red grips and barrel permit safe, but full force, street simulation training.
ATTENTION : All Law Enforcement officers shou ld befamiliarwith basicfirearm safety rules.
Rule #7-When storing a firearm, the firearm should be unloaded, secured in a safe storage case and out of the reach of ch i Idren and untrained adults.
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GLOC~ INC •• P.O. Box 369 • Smyrna, GA 30081 • (404) 432-1202
January, 1992
7
The Functional Vs. Dysfunctional Family Neil V. Thompson
What is a "dysfunctional family?" Perhaps the best way to understand what constitutes this type of family is to listen briefly to the stories of two men. Michael writes: "My father was a Jew who didn 't care for Catholics. My mother was a Catholic who was anti-semitic. I have an older sister, so I know they had sex together twice, but I never knew them to sleep together. The priest told my mother she couldn't have Holy Communion if she slept with my father. So she didn't. To be honest, my father didn't seem particularly disappointed. My mother was mentally ill. She did ~razy things all the time. Like, she kept making dramatic attempts to commit suicide. fm this little boy and fd walk into the kitchen and find her with her head in the oven and the gas turned on. But she always left the kitchen window op n and put a pad down to kneel on. fd pull her out, and she'd gasp and vomit, the whole bit. Once she tried to drown herself. She waded into the surf, "fm going my son." I couldn't swim, I was terrified of water, but I waded in after her. "No mom, please!" I tried to pull her back, but 1 was only 10 years old. So I punched her in the face as hard as I could and kept on punching. A wave knocked her off her feet. I dragged her onto the sand and sat on top of her. An hour later, she was burying my sister in the sand and talking baby talk. I was still vomiting." Robert's sister describes the day of his birth as follows: "Mother was bathing two other children in the bathtub and father came in and started kicking her in the abdomen, screaming that it was not his baby, and she fell into the bathtub; he then kicked her in the crotch with his boots on and she began haemorraging. He kicked her several more times." Robert was born on that day some 40 years ago, three months premature. Robert's story is far too long and terrible to tell here, but suffice it to say that he
was beaten, virtually every day. Mom used bamboo sticks and dad just used his knuckles. At the age of one, Robert's jaw was broken by his father and as he grevJ older, if he reached for anything at the table without asking his father's permission, he would be stabbed in the back of the hand with a fork. "On some occasions, dad would load his guns and tell his family they had a halfhourtohide. He then hunted them, promising to kill them if he found them . Before Robert reached10, he was killing pets in the neighbourhood. The need to destroy was so great, he even directed it at himself." Eventually mom drank and smoked herself to death and dad went to the penitentiary after sexually molesting his daughters, and then a year after his release he killed himself with a shotgun. We will talk about the dynamics of how these things come to pass later in this and other articles. These two children, Michael Landon and Robert Alton HarriS, were the products of severely dysfunctional families. Most dysfunctional families are not this severe. Most of the problems which come out of my work with people revolve around emotionally absent fathers and mothers, a lack of affection, or an inability to talk about feelings or experience love. Much less dramatic, but in many cases just as damaging. Michael Landon went on to become a multi-millionaire, beloved by milliOns, and yet, I believe he carried the legacy of his early years to his death at the age of 54. He was married three times with at least one bitter and devastating divorce, and he describes himself as follows: "fm a good athlete, and I work out hard. Before this happened, I could bench press 300, 350 pounds, no sweat. But fve abused my body over the years. I don't want people to think that everybody is a likely candidate for cancer of this type. I think I have it because for most of my life, though I was never a drunk, I drank too much. I also smoked too many cigarettes and ate a lot of the wrong things. And if you do that, even if
8
you think you're too strong to get anything, somehow you're going to pay." Rebert Alton Harris on the other hand became a murderer, and is still waiting to die on death row in San Quentin, pending a last appeal. I was told that all the occupants of death row had similar childhoods. Two boys from two dysfunctional families. How d ifferent, yet how similar. One grew up loving children and with a deep desire to make the world a better place. The other with a deep desire to destroy anything he came in contact with. Both were deeply affected by their childhood experiences. Many of the leaders in the field of Family of Origin Theory feel that somewhere between 90 and 96 percent of us come from dysfunctional families. Obviously we haven't all lived through what Michael or Robert did , but most of us fall somewhere on the dysfunctional continuum. NEXT MONTH Abused Child... Abused Adult
"PEACEMAKER" It's your occupation .... Now let It b e your publication! The PEACEMAKER is published quarterly by the Canadian Fellowship of Christian Peace Officers (CFCPO), a federal nonprofit corporation which encourages peace officers locally, nationally and internationally to join in fellowship. If you would like to be placed on the mailing list, or would like to receive more information about CFCPO membership, send your request with your name, occupation, address and phone number to:
P.O. Box 520 Stn. "A" S carborough, Ontario , MIK 5C3 Sharing the Truth and the Way and the Life Our Lord Jesus Christ
Janua , 1992
Impact Panels To Be Evaluated
Product News
Electronic Imaging Catalogue Program
The Alberta Solicitor General is sponsoring a pilot project to evaluate the effectiveness of victim impact panels in redUcing re-offences among convicted impaired drivers. The project began last May. The pilot program consists of six presentations conducted in Alberta's Fort Saskatchewan Correctional Centre, and its Alsike annex. The presentations will consist of three or more volunteer victims from People Against Impaired Driving (PAID) telling their stories to the audience of incarcerated impaired driving offenders. The Alberta Solicitor General is funding and assisting with a three-month pilot program to be operated by PAID in cooperation with R.B. Cormier and Associates, a firm responsible for providing Alberta's impaired driving program - IMPACT. Victim Impact Panels operating in the U.S. have been evaluated as having a positive effect on impaired driving recidivism.
Mantha Imaging Software in Missis- For further information contact Lionel sauga, Ontario, has introduced a power- Manthaat (416) 507-8330 or FAX (416) ful yet easy to use Multimedia database 890-0014. system for PC based computers. The company claims it has an unlimited range of applications. ~~, The product, called "Showcase", is . \ c..\~'(v' designed to work with scanned images ~" and display them on a computer screen in groups of 1, 16, 25 or 36 pictures at *O(\'V * _5~ the same time. Photo Images can be G\ then amalgamated with data text information for display and printout. The o.?>.V \eJ system appears to have excellent possi-\ •• ~ ?>.CC <'\e~?>.· {\ bilities for agencies to catalogue and e\~ O{ O\: Ce ~ -t.! track such things as mug shots, personnel photos and crime scene photographs. ~~e ~ \0 Basic hardware requirements in{\\e?>.~ \0 \ 0 • ~e clude at least a 286-based computer with 1 to 2 MB extended memory, VGA '(\e\o. and a 512K video driver. Images canbe ~?>.C\'U.{ input by using scanners, video cameras, ?>.~u. 35mm negatives and VCR's. Storage {\\ All Law Enforcement officers should be familiar with basic firearm capacity for the computer is recomsafety rules. mended to be at least a 100MB hard disk but the program comes with a file Rule #8-0nly use ammunition compression utility that automatically recomm~ended by the firearm manufacturer and always check calcompresses data image files to use the iber and condition of ammunition minimum amount of disk space. before loading the firearm. "Showcase" is currently available and is priarl at approximately $1500.00. GLOCK, INC •• P.O . Box 369 • Smyrna, GA 30081 • (404) 432-1202
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January, 1992
9
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Investigative Tools
Systems In Review
Striking At The Heart Of Crime Unisys Corporation's CANE Software N ote: Th is ser ies Is Intended to make the law eriforcement community more aware of computer s oftware sys tems available that could enhance the day to day operations of the agency. Th ese articles are, for the most part, un-edlted and written bV th e companies themselves. Due to this they may read with a certain bias that leans toward the produc t . R eaders are advised this column Is not an Indep e ndent review no r an endorsement of these produc ts bV Blue Line Magazine.
At the start of the 1990s, approximately 36 million Americans a year were vk:tims of serious crimes - including 19,000 who were murdered. According to studies in several major metropolitan areas, the majority of perpetrators were under the influence of illegal drugs when arrested. In San Diego and Philadelphia, for example, four out of every five men arrested, tested positive for drug use. Combine those grim statistics with others showing that nation wide drug arrests by state and local police doubled over the past decade, and you reach an inescapable conclusion: illegal drugs are behind many of the social, criminal, medical, and economic problems in the world today. In the center of this, volatile mix of crime, crack, and other abused substances is an army of narcotics agents men and women charged with solving what President Bush calls "the gravest domestic threat facing our nation today." Historically understaffed, underfunded, and in many instances outgunned, agents spend untold hours and millions of taxpayer dollars fighting a war that at times seems impossible to win. Now, thanks to the Computer Assisted Narcotics Enforcement (CANE) system, developed by Allstar Knowledge Engineering, Inc., there's a new weapon designed to give narcotics agents a competitive edge in this ongoing battle.
Designed With the Help of Narcotics Investigators Drug enforcement agencies every where are plagued with common problems such as unwieldy volumes of data, endless paperwork, budgetary constraints, and manpower limitations.
The developers of CANE worked closely with narcotics investigators to help with these problems. CANE software provides investigative tools to help agents manage information about people, places, property or evidence, vehicles, organizations and events. Then, the system helps the investigator analyze the data, exposing relationships that might be overlooked by traditional methods. Since thorough and accurate information can lead to the arrest and prosecution of an offender, the wealth of data in the CANE system becomes the basis of a case.
Automating Procedures CANE helps law enforcement agencies perform more effectively by automating procedures for gathering information, by providing new investigative tools, and by generating information for management decision making.
Information Gathering The CANE system accepts both factual and unproven information. An undercover officer making a "buy" of illegal drugs from a street dealer is a provable fact. Information received from a confidential informant may be unprovable, but still reliable. The system distinguishes between these different types of information. Plus, CANE maintains all collected information until the investigator determines whether or not it is useful. For example, a blue four-door Ford has been reported on several occasions in a highactivity drug area. The CANE system keeps this information online to help solve the case, until the investigator deletes it because it is no longer relevant.
10
Standard features within CANE help investigators develop leads and create cases, by linking new data with other information in the system. For instance, a person is seen in a car with two other people. The system links each person with the other - and the car to each person: Also, the system links the known associates of each person with all other known associates, and so on. Thus, an inquiry about any person in this group will lead you to all of the others. Investigators can record and analyze information about: o Suspects and associates o Gangs o Physical descriptions; scars and tattoos o Address descriptions and locations o Property seized and tagged, including chain of evidence recording o Surveillance reports o Calendars, ledger entries and expense reports o Methods of operation and arrest records o Numerous other categories relevant to the investigative process With the CANE system, your agency determines not only the categories of information to be included in the database, but also the level of detail. Suppose surveillance and other information reveals that people in a certain residence are selling crack cocaine. The CANE system lets you record: o The location of all exterior doors o The composition of the door, such as wood or metal o The direction in which the door opens o The type of locks and alarms o The layout of the area immediately behind the door This type of information provides for a high degree of success in drug raids and improves the chances of officers returning safely from a dangerous assignment.
Unit Management The CANE system enables investigators to generate comprehensive reports: Crime trends and analysis, resource allocation, case loads, and confidential informant data. These
January, 1992
reports, and other management tools, keep the investigative unit performing at, peak efficiency. Since the drug trade is a cash business, the need to keep accurate records of where money comes from and its disposition is an important agency function. Tracking "buy money" and confidential informant payments is easily accomplished with the CANE system. Also, financial information used to determine cost per investigation is accessible through the system. One of the major goals of law enforcement agencies, in their war against drugs, is to return control of communities to the people who live and work in them. The CANE system helps: o Eliminate street sales of illegal drugs o Identify drug traffickers, sellers, and user o Reduce related crimes in target areas of the community o Target the arrest and prosecution of career criminals o Enhance public awareness programs o Refer offenders to treatment programs o Enforce sanctions, for example, crack house seizure and demolition
The CANE system helps measure the value of information received from confidential informants. Reliable information leads to increased activity in drug arrests and seizure of illegal substances. Document Preparation The CANE system helps prepare case reports and, if needed, arrest and search warrants. This complete case documentation is required for court proceedings. Agency Information Briefings The CANE system provides information to help brief other agencies about activity in your jurisdiction. CANE identifies specific individuals and locations as being of "special interest." Controlled sharing of information leads to improved investigation results. Policy and Regulatory Guidelines The CANE system conforms to policy and regulatory guidelines for treatment of intelligence information. Under the provisions of Privacy and Security
regulations, an agency must use information within an established period of time, or it must remove that information from its automated investigation system. The CANE system notifies your agency as these critical dates approach. Adjusts to Your Investigative Style The CANE system was designed with the understanding that there are no set ways to perform an investigation. The system helps you adhere to policy and procedure. But one of its major features is the freedom it gives investigators to perform case-related tasks in a variety of ways. Learn More About CANE
To find out more about how
CANE can support your investigative work, contact Unisys Canada (416) 495-0515 FAX 499-3833. A thorough demonstration is available that will show you how computer teChnology can help you reach the goal of a drug-free community.
The Total Solution The benefits of CANE software include dramatic cutbacks in administrative time, improved arrest/conviction ratios, increased forfeiture revenues, and better budget management. Here's how. Case Load Management The CANE system improves efficiency by minimizing manual effort and streamlining the flow of "intelligence" and case data. Therefore, your agency can handle a larger case load and more effectively evaluate which cases require priority effort. Targeted investigations lead to better conviction rates. Unit Efficiency The CANE system provides quick access to information that uncovers new leads for the narcotics investigator. Agents become more productive because the system helps analyze and correlate information from various reports. Information Control
January, 1992
ATTENTION: All Low Enforcement officers should be familior with basic firearm safety rules. Rule #9-Fireorm transportation is regulated by Federal, State and local Lows. Always transport your firea rm in a safe, unloaded condition and in accordance with applicable lows.
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GLOCK, INC•• P.O. Box 369 • Smyrna, GA 30081 • (404) 432-1202
11
Adult Criminal Diversion Process By Tom Rataj
A successful crimina' diversion program, which started In British Columbia In 1986, was recently transplanted to an Ontario Court. Tom Rata} gives us a tour of a process that should help reduce the court room over crowding problem In the Metro Toronto area.
Recently the Ontario Ministry of the Attorney General initiated an Adult Criminal Diversion Process at the Metro North Courts in northern Metropolitan Toronto. The Metro North Courts were chosen due to a significant volume of cases, currently around 20,000 per year, which caused significant systemic delays, resulting in the staying and withdrawal of numerous charges after the Askov decision. The Adult Criminal Diversion process is a process designed to exercise prosecutorial discretion at an early stage of normal criminal proceedings in order to eliminate a percentage of first-offence minor criminal charges from proceeding through the complete court process. It is intended to provide an alternate and more suitable means of handling those fairly minor offences committed by first time offenders. "Fairly minor offences" has not been defined precisely for this process. It is rather the result of a determination based on the offence meeting certain flexible criteria initially based on the offence being an isolated and impulsive act of a minor nature. It is suggested that the types of offences would include such things as Theft & Possession Under (Shoplifting), Causing a Disturbance, Mischief, Joyriding, Fraud and False Pretences Under (Cheques), Accommodation Fraud, and simple Assault. The use of the diversion process must also not be contrary to the public interest. Part of the rational behind the process is that the first time offender will find the humiliation and embarrassment of being arrested, photographed and fingerprinted a sufficient deterrent to prevent any re-offending. Proceeding through the courts with these types of cases does not necessarily provide any significant
additional personal deterrence for the offender and just drains the court's resources from other more serious offences. The purposes of the justice system can, for many of these types of offences, in fact be better served by dealing with the offender in a more personal and less institutional manner. At the Metro North courts, the diversion process is a post-charge, pre-trial system, where cases involving first time
offenders are "diverted " out of the general case load stream and directed into a separate process to expedite their resolution without requiring the full resources of the courts. The diversion process is offered solely at the discretion of the crown based on the above criteria. Additionally of course, the crown must be satisfied that sufficient evidence exists to secure a conviction at trial, and that the disposition would likely be an absolute/conditional discharge, or a suspended sentence. In add ition to this the final criteria would eliminate any of-
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fences showing pre-meditation, commercial enterprise, or abusive behavior during or immediately following the offence. The crown responsible for 301 court, where all "out of custody" first offenders appear is responsible for diverting cases meeting the criteria. This is accomplished by having the crown review the cases prior to their first appearance, selecting those deemed approriate, and then advising the defendant{s) of his intent to divert the case. Duty counsel are provided with the synopsis of the offence and assist the defendant and the crown in initiating the process. The defendant signs the Diversion Agreement which is a simple one page document in which the defendant acknowledges responsibility for the offence and undertakes to complete one or more "acts of contrition" as outlined in the agreement. These acts of contrition could include restitution, a letter of apology, a contribution to a charitable organization, attendance at a counselling/assessment program, or any other reasonable condition{s) set forth , or a combination of several of these acts of contrition. For the program to work at its peak effICiency the diversion agreement is signed by the crown and the defendant on the first appearance date immediately followed by the case being formally withdrawn in the court. Iftheagreementstipulates attendance at a counselling or assessment program the defendant speaks with a counsellor at the court house immediately following the withdrawal of the charge, and is referred to the appropriate community based counselling program. Ai the present time the Salvation Army provides a counselling service at the court house and has agreed to continue to provide their services for this program. Additionally, interpreters are also at the courts on a regular basis and are available to provide the required services. The disposition of these cases are, for the purposes of the program tracked at the courts, and are recorded in the Criminal Record Files as 'Withdrawn". Attempts are being made to add the word "Diversion" to these records to further clarify the disposition. Sociologists, Criminologists and others familiar with our justice system have January, 1992
noted that many of the minor crimes dealt with by the courts are merely symptoms of more serious underlying problems, and that in dealing with them in a traditional manner nothing is done to resolve the underlying problems. Many times the offender is not even aware of the psychological, emotional or personality problems which are the cause of the situation. The diversion program should remove between 6% and 8% of the case load at the Metro North Courts resulting in the diversion of about 30 cases weekly or 1,400 annually. When taking into account any expenses incurred by the program, and calculating them against the savings passed on to the courts, the net result is expected to be a saving in both time and administrative costs. More difficult to determine would be the future savings resulting from the reduction in repeat offences. Although I have only stressed the positive aspects of the diversion process, there are in fact a number of negative factors raised by detractors of the process. Admittedly no process is perfect or even close to it, however this process offers a progressive approach to assist in alleviating the problems of overcrowding in the courts, while effectively dealing with first offenders. After all, what can really be wrong with a process that uses an informal resolution to deal with first offenders when they rarely get anything more than a conditional or absolute discharge anyway.! For further Information Contact Ontario Ministry of the Attorney General, c/o Mr. Alasdair MacDonald, Assistant Crown Attorney,Metro North Court House, 1000 Finch Ave. W. Downsview, Ontario, M3J 2V5 Phone: (416)663-5550 Fax:(416)660-7439
ALERT! Smoking Pipe Gun There are two types of smoking pipe guns. The first is an ordinary pipe modified to fire a .22 or.32 cartridge. The pipe stem is bored to allow insertion of a piece of metal tubing to form the barrel. The pipe is fired by pulling back and releasing a small pin on the top of the tube portion of the pipe. The second type is constructed so that when the smoker bites down on the trigger button in the stem, the bullet is discharged through the front of the bowl of the pipe.
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B.C. Solicitor General, c/o Ms. Margaret Cadwaladar, Corrections Branch, Vancouver Pretrial Services Ctr., 275 East Cordova St., Vancouver, British Columbia, V6A 3W3 Phone:(604)660-3700 Fax: (604) 683-8825 January, 1992
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
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Trained Volunteers Serving The Community Metropolitan Toronto Auxiliary Police mark their 35th Anniversary
1991 marks the 35th Anniversary of the Metropolitan Toronto Auxiliary Police. Trained volunteers serving the community, its strength today is 500 dedicated men and women. Prior to 1956, the only auxiliary poliCing was carried out by a group of
AUXILIARY interest in civil defence warranted the restructure and as a result the Emergency Measures Organization was formed . Interest in the auxiliary was still high and their thrust changed from enemy attack to a semi-trained reserve. Their mandate now was to accompany officers on patrol and cover parades and special events. At this time, the force had 200 members on strength.
Peel's quote "The Police are the community and the community are the police." In April 1970 the Toronto Junior Board of Trade presented the Police Officer of the Month Award to SSupt. James G . Carnegie on behalf of the Metropolitan Toronto Police Force. In June that same year John Steiger received the same award for saving the life of a suicidal victim. In JUly that year Air Canada Flight 621 crashed and it was becoming evident that there was a need for a volunteer service that could be mobilized in the event of a disaster. The following is a list of Milestones in the history of the Auxiliary Force; 1971 (June) A new award - C.O. Bick Trophy for outstanding recruit - was presented to P. C. Patricia Kirkland 1973 Ashland Oil Refinery Fire 1974 Queen Mother visit to Woodbine 1975 International Shriners Concert
SPACE PEN
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THE FISHER SfW:E PEN HAS A PRESSURIZED INK CARTRIDGE
civilians charged with the enforcement of regulations concerning Air Raid Precautions or AR.P. Wardens which disbanded after World War 11. In mid 1956, with the deepening "cold war" scare and Hurricane Hazel, there was a need for a volunteer service that could be mobilized in the event of a disaster. As a result, the Civil Defence Organization was regenerated in Toronto. Twenty-two units were operating and one Auxiliary Police was attached to each station throughout 13 municipalities. A major emphasis was placed on Nuclear attacks and supporting civil and military services. The auxiliary units laid the groundwork to form the Metropolitan Toronto Auxiliary Police. In 1957, the force was renamed Metro Toronto Civil Defence. A civil defence instructor plus a police sergeant taught the auxiliaries in each station. The "cold war scare" eased in 1962 and public
* WRITES UPSIDE DOWN * Cl'IIER WAITES UNDERWATER ANO GREASE * WRITES IN EXTREME COlO (-5O"F) ASTRONAUT ~.- . --
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SPACE TEC Chief MacKay restructured the force from 30 units into 5 units (or districts as they are known today) with a regular force officer for training. This move freed up 25 sergeants. Since then, members of the MetropOlitan Toronto Auxiliary Police have been invulwd in numerous activities. Some of these include the annual RID.E. program, the opening of SkyDome, and the Economic Summit. During the last 35 years, the dedicated members of the Auxiliary Police have donated in excess of2 million hours to the community, thus proving Sir Robert
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Janua ,1992
1976 Olympics - Soccer at Varsity Stadium 1979 November 11 - M~issauga Train Derailment (250,000 people evacuated 1,384 hours of service. Evacuation of homes, homes for the aged, hospitals, highrise apartments, Security Patrols [car and foot], traffic direction and communications. During the week, 42 members added 309 additional hours.
Also in 1982 another Police Officer of the Month award was presented to P.e. Robert Racki for his efforts which resulted in various weapons charges and possession of property obtained by crime being laid against two suspeds.
The 1984 Wishing Well Senior Citizens Home. Hundreds of residen1s were evacuated. The Auxiliary police were on scene within the hour.
1981 Royal Visit 1982 (May) Auxiliary Police Exercise (APEX) was held at Upper Canada College during which various simulated emergency 3 situations were created that required "Police" response.
POLICE SWEATER • ~ ill I!AJIand 10 NAro aod PIlIlce opcdf!c'';''''1
NAVY BLUE VEE NJ!CIC wrm EPAUlEn1!S
1984 was also notable for; Tall Ships visit. Visit of the Pope (3,305 hours, many during a rainy cold and wind-swept evening at the Downsview Mass site.) Royal Yacht Britannia (1,608 hours) 1985 Armenian Terrorist Group bomb threat received by Toronto Transit Commission. MTAP called to help patrol subway stations and platforms. In 1985 the City of Barrie (80 km north of Toronto) was devastated by a tornado - Within hours of the disaster
Out Of The Blue
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January, 1992
Auxiliary Officers were on scene and assisting regular force officers to secure and protect the area. Membership in the Metropolitan Toronto Auxiliary Police presen1s a unique opportunity to help the citizens of the community. PoliCing is one of the most important functions in our society and by participating in that function, members develop a strong sense of personal worth, knowing that they too, have been able to serve and protect.
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By David Bluestein
... news beat ... news beat ... news beat ... Solution Sought For Rural Sign Thefts The City of Oshawa, Ontario, has experienced a large number of sign thefts from one of its more sparsely populated sections and is seeking assistance in the form of advice on how to curb this activity. The City experienced the theft of over 70 signs in the first eight months of 1991. The city is concerned about the hazards posed by these missing signs. One intersection had signs stolen eight times. The Public Works Department reported that signs as well as the posts have been stolen in many cases. Some signs were embedded in concrete and the thieves struck the metal posts several
times with a truck to break up the concrete and steal the sign and post. The city advises the area struck contains only 400 of the city's 12,000 traffic signs but accounts for a disproportionate number of thefts. The works department would be interested in hearing from officers who may have a solution to the problem. Neighbourhood watch does not work due to the sparse population and lack of street lights. To date nothing has come from announcements in Crime Stoppers. Anyone with suggestions may contact City of Oshawa, PubOC Works, Trafflc Engineer, SO Centre St. South, Oshawa, Ontario, LlH 327. (416) 725-7351
Signs Serve Double Duty
Aspirin Increases Alcohol Level
So you are the new guy in the detachment. Just moved in from one of those big city areas were you can get a Perlys map for every alley way. Well welcome to reality. Take a call out on Concession 6, Lot 10 and don't expect a road sign. This was the problem recently solved by Bruce County, Ontario, Engineer Eldon Yundt. He decided to make better use of the yellow and black "Intersection ahead" signs. (that is a WAII to those familiar with traffic engineering lingo) . Eldon's idea was to have his sign shop add the Lot and Concession number to the appropriate quadrant of the sign to give motorists (especially police and other tourists) some valuable information. Many municipalities currently provide this information on additional road signs at the intersection. However the use of the yellow signs reduces costs and highway shoulder clutter. It afso adds some uniformity across the county. The regulations do not prohibit the addition of the information on these road signs and it was determined the number did not detract from the sign's message.
Researchers in New York have determined that aspirin, when taken with a meal an hour before drinking, produces higher blood alcohol concentrations (BACS) than when aspirin is not taken. Five healthy male volunteers ate a standard breakfast with or without two extra strength aspirin tablets (lg ASA). One hour later, all participants drank the equivalent of about two drinks. The resulting BACs were about 25% higher when aspirin was ingested with the meal. Aspirin was thought to increase the amount of alcohol available for absorption into the blood by reducing the activity of enzymes that metabolize alcohol in the stomach prior to absorption. Although aspirin produced only a modest increase in BAC, any increase in BAC can have significant effects on the degree of impairment, particularly in terms of complex behaviours such as operating a motor vehicle. The study, conducted by Drs. Roine, Gentry, Hernadez-Munoz, Baraona and Lieber, was reported in the November 14, 1990 issue of the journal of the American Medical Association.
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u.s. Condemned For Executions The United States has placed third highest in the world for the executions of juveniles, says Amnesty International. The international human rights organization states that only Iraq and Iran have a higher execution rate. The report released last October stated the United States had executed four youths between the ages of 15 and 18 from 1985 to 1990. It continued by saying there were another 31 remaining on death row. The report stated further that in the past ten years over 90 juveniles had been sentenced to death but many of those received pardons before the sentence was carried out. Amnesty International reported that during the year-long study only six other countries in the world practiced the execution of offenders under the age of 18. They were Bangladesh, Barbados, Iran, Iraq, Nigeria and Pakistan. Barbados is the only country that has banned the practice since the study was concluded. International human rights agreements, signed but never ratified by the United States, outlaw the execution of juvenile offenders. Even so, the U.S . Supreme Court ruled it was permissible in 1989.
Toronto Cops To Get Semi-Auto Guns The Metropolitan Toronto Police Services Board recently approved the purchase of 400 semi-automatic handguns for 1992. In the December announcement Chief William McCormack said it was obvious the criminal element had the police outgunned. The rampant increase in the use of high-powered weapons in the drug trade required police to be better armed. The weapons will initially be issued to officers working in drug investigations and selected area foot patrol officers in high risk areas .. Janua ,1992
... news beat ... news beat ... news beat ... Ontario Introduces Unique Fire Code Ontario's Solicitor General has announced the creation of North America's toughest fire prevention and enforcement laws. Parts of the new legislation will permit the Fire Marshall's Office to go into premises and install fire alarms and remove potentially hazardous materials without waiting for a judicial review of the matter. Ontario Solicitor General Allan Pi!key stated, "this new act makes Ontario the first jurisdiction in North America to deal directly and in a preventative way with the impact of fire on the environment. The legislation answers long-term concerns of fire officials that they be allowed to take prompt, common sense action to protect human life and the environment. " In the past, orders issued by the Fire Marshall to correct dangerous conditions could be delayed indefinitely by appeals. The changes in the law will now allow preventative action at sites where a potential fire could pose a serious threat to the environment, even when the risk of fire at the site may be low.
The amendments to the Act also empower the Fire Marshall to act immediately in fire-hazardous situations which threaten human life, permitting fire officials to install smoke alarms in rooming houses, for example, or to post fire watches or remove combustible materials. Previously the only powers available was to close down hazardous buildings, forcing tenants to leave their homes. In his announcement, Mr. Pilkey stated the new legislation "provides a fair balance between the need for action when the environment or people's lives are at risk and the need to safeguard individual rights." This balance of Rights and safety is guaranteed by the necessity for the Fire Marshall's assistants to obtain a warrant to enter a premises to take the remedial action necessary. The measures taken may be recovered through cash payment or through property taxes. The new legislation has an appeals process that deals only with the amount of payment.
. 'ice;
Officers To Trim Up Or Trip Out Filipino police officers with a larger belly than chest will be sent to rehab centres to reduce it and officers who are caught cheating at the measuring will be dismissed. The announcement that came last month has directed station commanders to take the measurements and then direct those failing the measurement to report to a weight loss clinic. The officers are to be given six months to get the waist measurement smaller than their chest or face going to a training centre to correct it. In addition these members will by bypassed for promotion. Other changes include the institution of a recruit height requirement minimum of 1.63m (5'5") and no older than 30 years of age.
January, 1992
FLASHES By Tony MacKinnon
"We've got ya cold this time Frosty... Your corncob pipe and button nose were recovered at the scene!"
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So Who Reads Blue Line Anyway?
This photograph, courtesy of International Police Travel of Oshawa Ontario, was taken last May in Bejing China. The issue he so proudly displays is one year old this month . People have reported seeing Blue Une in Ireland, England, Malta, Austrailia and Korea. One person reported attending a Boston Police Station and while waiting in a reception area found the magazine on the reading table.
Airborne Law Enforcement
limited in his abil!ty to observe what is going on around him. He is limited to an area approximately 100 feet wide (the width of the street he is driving on) and an area approximately 400 feet ahead of the officers involved are operating well him. This area can be, and frequently is, above the space normally patrolled by further limited by traffic around him. The police helico~ter is not limited by the police. The unit assisted in the folthese factors. When the machine is cruislowing arrests: ten persons for homicide, ing at an average altitude of 500 feet, the twenty eight for aggravated assault, one pilot and observer have full 360 degree hundred and fifty one for auto theft, one visibility. Their viSion is not limited by hundred and two for burglary, two for other traffic or structures. Additionally, rape, two for purse snatch, six escapees, the patrol function of the helicopter is not forty five for handgun offenses, 29 for limited by speed limits. Patrol can be -1raffic offenses, plus many others for a effectively accomplished up to three times grand total of the speed of the conventional vehicle. It 724 arrests for has been demonstrated that the patrol the year. About helicopter has up to 30 times the obserthe only ofvational capability of a conventional police fense that the vehicle. helicopterS did Speed of response is increased by not make arthe fact that the police helicopter can rests for was travel in straight lines, without having to forgery and utfollo.v street parameters. Since its forward speed tering. can be safely increased These 724 arto well over 120 miles per hour, it has the carests resulted in the laying of 1304 pability of arriving over criminal charges. a designated area much ~-"""'..,1 faster than ground units. The unit flew 3647 hours during the From this aerial obyear and in fuat time ~,~::: ~~II servation platform·the 3480 hours were helropter can assist and flown as general direct ground patrol preventative patrol. '--_________ units, thereby assumThis works out to an average of one ing a unique command and control funccriminal charge for every 2.6 hours in the tion. When a police helicopter is comair. During the year the unit responded bined with ground units, it has been demto 9365 calls for service. The total calls onstrated that the ground units'effectivefor service since the inception of the unit ness is increased up to two to six times the is an astounding 205,153. norm. This air unit is an integral, effective A major, though often overlooked, part of the police service provided for the benefit of helicopter units is the increased city of Baltimore. These helicopters are officer safety. Due to the high speed providing an upgraded level of response response capability, it is possible to drafor the citizens of that community. They maticaUy reduce the time required for a are definitely not simply showpieces or back-up unit to arrive on the scene to public relations vehicles. assist the ground-based officer by flying The effectiveness of helicopters in a high cover type of operation. Through certain applications of police work is an the effective use of public address sysaccepted fact, but what is it about this terns and searchlights, suspects are fretype of policing strategy that makes it so quently demoralized by the "omnipreseffective? The answer is MOBIlJlY, ent" helicopter and give up rather than SPEED AND INCREASED OBSERVA- attempt to flee. The increased effectiveTION CAPABIlJlY. A police officer on ness of the aerial observation platform at patrol in a conventional police vehicle is a scene also makes it much more difficult
A Policing Strategy for the 90's Part 2 by M ark Thorpe The history of Airborne Law Enforcement in the United States began in 1929 when the city of New York began operating its first seaplane. This was paralleled on the west coast, where the Los Angeles sheriff's department began operating a fixed wing aircraft for the purpose of locating lost persons and fugitives in undeveloped areas. In 1948 the city of New York took delivery of their first helicopter, a Bell 470, followed in 1950 by the addition of three more 47D's. The operation of the air unit in New York was clo ely monitored by other agencies and by 1%6 there were 31 law enforcement air units in operation. The success of these and other programs has clearly demonstrated not only the viability of aircraft in law enforcement, but also the necessity for them. A close examination of the air unit programs as operated in the United States is necessary in order to determine what they have found to be the main uses of helicopters in law enforcement. Further it is an accepted fact in the American police service community that when you combine your conventional police service with an air unit, your entire policing effectiveness increases. To begin with, let us examine a single air unit operation in Baltimore, Maryland and quote some statistics from that unit. This police force has five single engined piston powered helicopters which operate two shifts per day, 0930 to 1730 and 1800 to 0200 hours, with slight changes to the schedule as needs dictate. This air unit has been in operation since 1971 and has flown 66,031 hours without a flight related injury. During this same time period the unit has been credited with assisting in the arrest of over 10,000 persons for various offenses. Some statistics of the unit for 1989 are remarkable when one considers that
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Janua ,1992
for the suspect to escape. High speed chases by police units are dangerous not only to the police officers involved, but to the public. With the addition of a police helicopter unit, high speed chases can be controlled by allowing ground based units to "back off' and thereby reduce the felon's desire to outrace a pursuit. It is extremely rare that a vehicle on the ground can outrun even the least sophisticated helicopters. When the air unit contacts the surrounding ground police units, the suspect can be effectively followed, monitored and apprehended. This capability is also effective for jurisdictions which have large portions of shoreline to patrol. The addition of various pieces of ancillary equipment can greatly enhance the overall capabilities of a police air unit. The author had the opportunity to view a video tape taken during actual police incidents in the Fort Worth, Texas area, The equipment being used was called a "FUR" system (forward looking infra red) and was mounted on the chin of a Bell helicopter With this system, the observer in the helicopter has the ability to clearly see what is happening on the ground even though it is completely dark to the unaided eye. The footage demonstrated the search for suspects who were attempting to elude the police by hiding. The suspects and the police officers on the ground showed up as bright green figures and were easily identifiable. Ground officers were directed to the hiding spots selected by the suspects and these persons were apprehended. In several cases it was apparent that even though the ground police units were within a few feet of the suspects, they would not have seen them without the assistance of the air unit. The fact that the FUR did not emit any visible light made the suspects feel that they had not been observed and were still safe from detection. FUR will also enable an agency to search for bodies even if they are buried in shallow graves as the heat from decomposition is sufficient for the unit to record it. Eight of the FUR systems have been purchased by the ReMP for installation on their helicopters across Canada.
January, 1992
Product News
A New, Police-Only, Red-Pepper Defensive Aerosol and aggressive animals. The product is said to cause immediate spasm and closing of the eyes, coughing, shQrtness of breath, and gasping. The effects are both instantaneous and involuntary, working equally well on humans and animals. The company explains that it "causes no long term effects or permanent injury." The product is said to be a non-alcoholic carrier and will therefore not ignite if placed close to flames. For further information contact Counter Assault at P.O . Box 4721 , Missoula, Montana 59806, or phone (406) 728-6241.
Officers who seek non-lethal defensive alternatives should take note of OCla, a new, police-only, defensive aerosol introduced by "Counter Assault." The active ingredient in the spray is Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) which is the active ingredient in red peppers. The company claims the product will immediately halt aggressive behaviour in a non-lethal manner. It claims it will work against drug abusers, drunks, emotionally disturbed persons, plus dogs
"You buy a judge by weight, like iron'in a junk yard. A justice of the peace or a magistrate can be had for aJive-dollar bill. In the munidpal courts he will cost you ten. In the orcuit or the superior courts he wants fifteen . The State Appel/ate courts or the State Supreme Court is on par with the Federal courts. By the time a judge reaches such courts he is middle-aged, thick around the middle, fat between the ears. He's heavy. You can't buy him for less than a twenty-dollar bill.It -Jake "Greasy Thumb" Guzik
FLASH ES By Tony MacKinnon
.~ .
"Too bad these toe rubbers aren't about three feet higher!"
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Case Law (1131-007A)
Failure To Keep CPIC Updated Loses Case Regina Vs. R.(J.F.) 10 Pages
Marijuana charges against a Whitehorse youth have been tossed after it was revealed his arrest was based on an inaccurate computer search. In this matter an RCMP officer arrested the accused after a routine check through CPIC revealed he was in breach of a court ordered curfew. At the police station, the boy was searched, found to be in possession of a small amount of marijuana, and charged. Later it was discovered the computer information had not been updated for over seven weeks and the curfew was no
longer in force . Yukon Territory Chief Judge Heino Lilies said in an October decision, that in the circumstances it was up to the Crown to prove police acted reasonably. "Leaving names on the computer in such circumstances can cause great inconvenience and hardship to individuals affected," the judge explained. "There must necessarily be a very high duty of care on the part of law enforcement officials to maintain accurate and up-todate records on their computer systems and to purge dated information expeditiously.
The ruling continued by adding, "Where they fail to do so, as in this case, there is an onus on them to explain the error or omission, to satisfy the court that it was an exceptional occurrence and that the police procedures were reasonable. The Cro..vn has not attempted to do so in this case." Chief Judge lilies added that to allow the police to rely on their mistakes to justify arrests would be contrary to the public interest. "It would open a Pandora's box and serve to encourage carelessness rather than eradicate it," the judge concluded.
Case Law (1131-003A)
No Right To Counsel Attendance At Breath Test Regina Vs. Atchison
An impaired driver does not have the right to have a lawyer present when he provides a breath sample. This was a recent decision handed down by the British Columbia Supreme Court. In this case a man was arrested for driving while his ability was impaired. The officer took the suspect to his station after making the appropriate demand and reading him his Rights. Upon arrival the accused spoke with his lawyer who attended the station. Mer consultation the lawyer advised the accused he should
take the Breath test. As t/1e suspect was being taken into the Breathalyzer room the lawyer attempted to go with his client but was prevented from doing so. At trial this point was brought up as a defence against the charge in that it offended the suspects Charter Right to counsel. The defence argued that when a person is taken in for questioning by police it is permitted to have a lawyer present at the interrogation to protect the rights of the accused from answering incriminating questions.
Cars Stall, Ships Sink & Planes Crash any body armour failed to do what it was supposed to do
The only time body armour falls Is when it Is not worn. Remember - It's your life. YOU decide.
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The court ruled that the suspect had received his advise from counsel and the accused had been given ample opportunity to consult and direct counsel. From that point onward there was no indication of interrogation but only a matter of compliance with the provisions of the Criminal Code to supply samples of breath. In its conclusion the B.C. Supreme Court stated, "the right to counsel could be and was exercised without the necessi1y of counsel being present in the breathalyzer room where his presence might well be intrusive."
"If a policeman detains you, even for a moment, against your will, you are not guilty of murder but only manslaughter. If a policeman uses force of arms, you may kill him in self-defense and emerge from the law unscathed." - Michael J . Ahearn, Attorney to AI Capone
Janua ,1992
Case Law (1129-005A)
Prohibited Weapon Definition Broadened Regina Vs. K (A. ) The British Columbia Court of Appeal ruled in a November case that the offence of possession of a prohibited weapon is not necessarily limited by the lack of intent to use it as such. The ruling conflicts with a recent Ontario Court of Appeal matter in which the court ruled a conviction can not be made unless it can be proved that the weapon was used or intended to be used as a weapon. The unanimous five judge B.C decision permits the broader interpretation of a Prohibited Weapon as defined in Section 84 of the Criminal Code. Section 84 defines prohibited weapons as gun silencers, switchblade knives, automatic guns, sawed-off guns and "a weapon of any kind, not being an antique firearm of a kind commonly used in Canada for hunting or sporting purposes, that is declared by order of the Governor
in Council to be a prohibited weapon." The stumbling block was the Ontario interpretation which stated the use of the word "weapon" in section 90(1) , which lays out the actual offence for possession of a prohibited weapon, forces the court to tum to section 2 of the Code which defines a weapon as something "used or intended to be used" as a weapon. In the case heard in the B.C decision a young offender was apprehended with Nunchaku sticks. This weapon is made from two cylindrical objects, usually wood or metal, connected together with wire, rope or chains, and used in martial arts training. The accused said he used the weapon for training only and said he did not know they were prohibited. When questioned he readily admitted that when used properly they can inflict severe injuries.
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The B.C decision stated that there was no need for the court to determine the intent of actual use made of the weapon but only the person was found to be in possession of it. The court took note of the Supreme Court of Canada decision in Regina Vs. Hess (1949) which stated innocent possession was no defence to having a prohibited weapon. In conclusion the B.C case stated, "the fact that the accused testified that he didn't intend to use the nunchaku sticks for an unlawful purpose and that he did not know such were a prohibited weapon are not excuse, or defence." The B.C decision made it clear that the Crown need not prove any intent to use the subject weapon. In conclusion the court stated, "such an interpretation we characterize as inconsistent and unreasonable."
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21
Blue Line Magazine Product Review
Glock Pistols The Future Of Firearms ... Now! No other pistol design in the hi tory of firearms development has shaken up the industry as much as Gloc k. The Glock pistol virtually c aught the North American firearms industry, who have traditionally supplled the law enforcement market, with their pants down. In s pite of this the Glock has generated some inc redibly stupid media hype c oncerning its polymer frame .
structural integrity. Barium is also added during the injection stage to enhance the x-ray scanners ability to pick them up! To add to the Glock's durability is the fact that the slide barrel and other metal parts are finished with tenifer. This is an incredibly tough finish which is 99% salt water resistant. The Glock's barrel is cold hammer forged as with most quality European firearms and the rifling is hexagonal.
does however, feel different than most pistols. The coil spring, especially the five pound version, does take up qUickly. At the request of the New York State Police, who adopted the Glock 17 in .9mm, Glock created the "NY Trigger" which is a leaf design and increases the trigger pull weight to 71/2 - 81/2 pounds and 9-11 pounds. This trigger has the same constant pull as would your double action service revolver. SAFETY
It drives me crazy to have to sit and listen to the "experts" in Canadian Law Enforcement make sweeping statements such as 'semi automatics are unsafe and unreliable'. The sad fact offirearms trainWHAT IS A GLOCK? . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , ing in Canada is it is simply out of date and most department instructors are out of touch. We tend to isolate ourselves. The Glock semi automatic pistol was Police officers armed with revolvers are designed by Mr. Gaston Glock for the subject to the same safety concerns as Austrian army pistol trials in 1982. Having those with the semi automatic. Each no real firearms background to speak of, officer is issued with an "operational" Glock was not caught up in the traditionsafety (read, trigger finger) . alist mindset of the other manufacturers. The revolver has one internal safety. Instead of reinventing the wheel, Glock The Glock pistol has three. Other semi studied the designs of all the firearms in automatic designs have differing safety use at the time. He believed that they were overly complicated for what they 1---== =-_ _________ --1 features. The rest boils down quite simwere intended to do. He therefore sat ply to common sense and realistic practical training. down and created the most modem and SAFETY FEATURES AND TRIGGER However, just like the revolver, the durable pistol in existence. By carefully reviewing the x-rays of approximately Glock or any other firearm will discharge The Glock pistol fires from the double a round if the officer's operational safety 500 hands, Glock was able to produce action only mode. It has the same consisone of the most ergonomically correct tent pull on every shot. The pistol is ham- I.e. trigger finger, is where it shouldn't be grip profiles. merless so there is no need for a decock- at the wrong time. ing lever, nor is there a manual safety on HOW CAN YOU POSSIBLY UVE the Glock. The Glock does however HOW IT SHOOTS WITH A PLASTIC GUN? have three internal safeties which must The Glock pistol is the lightest full size be overcome before the Glock will fire. The most unusual feature of Mr. The first is the trigger safety which is service pistol currently available. The Glock's pistol at the time (read, contro- located in the trigger itself. This has to be Glock 17 in .9mm holds 18 rounds with versial) was his use of nonstrategic mate- depressed fully to the rear in order to the standard magazine and weighs just rials for the frame. Polymer! Plastic if allow the trigger to travel. The safety under 32 ounces. This is remarkable you insist. This sent the North Americans blocks the firing pin from moving for- when you consider that the Smith and for a loop. I'll admit I was skeptical when ward until the pistol trigger is completely Wesson model 64 .38 special service I first heard about it. My initial response to the rear. The third safety is a drop revolver unloaded is 33 1/2 ounces. I have been fortunate to shoot a when seeing a Glock for the first time safety. This also prevents the firing pin was, "Jees, that thing's butt ugly." They from moving forward in the event that number of Glocks in .9mm caliber. Between 1988 and 1990 I was fortunate. certainly felt weird, but back to the poly- the pistol is dropped. mer. This is a space age synthetic mateIt'is the trigger system employed by enough to be able to fire approximately rial that is stronger than conventional the Glock which its detractors say is cause 18,000 rounds. Bullets were everything steel used in firearms manufacturing,and for concern. This really isn't a fair com- from old reloaded lead truncated cone of yet retains only 14% of the weight. It will ment. With the standard issue coil spring, dubious quality and condition to match withstand heat to approximately 392 the Glock is available with trigger pulls of grade reloads, factory service type degrees F., without any changes to its either five or eight pounds. The trigger ammunition from military smg 124gr nato
22
Janua ,1992
ball, to 115 to 147 grain jacketed hollow points. These were fired off in formal matches as well as tactical training in the USA and Canada with law enforcement and military agencies. All types of weather conditions were encountered. Some of the shooting was done indoors. I never experienced a single stoppage or malfunction that wasn't ammunition related. One b ullet the Glock didn't seem to care for was a 125gr round nose lead copper wash. For some reason it tended to key hole on the targets. The function was fine, it's just the accuracy wasn't there. Not one problem was ever encountered using factory ammunition. Recoil is directed straight back into the shooters arm and the energy is absorbed by the slide. When firing the first . shot with the Glock, the trigger must be directed rearward approximately half an inch to fire. The trigger than has only to travel forward about an eighth of an inch to reset for subsequent shots. This allows for some very fast controlled shots with minimal sight picture interruption. Accuracy is generally in the 11/2 to 3 inch range at 25 meters, depending on the type of ammunition used.
Blue Line Magazine Book Review
Examination Of Witnesses In Criminal Cases - Earl J. Levy, Q.C. 341 pages (Carswell Publications)
Reviewed by: Morley Lymburner Carswell Publishing recently released the second edition of "Examination of Witnesses In Criminal Cases " by Earl J . Levy. To say the least I was impressed. If anyone could sit back on his laurels and simply write a text drawn upon his past knowledge alone, it would be Earl Levy. It is a measure of his character that he didn't. He actually did a lot of digging and kept himself up to date. When I first obtained this book I immediately went to the stated cases to see the most recent case law cited. To Levy's credit I found no less than 17 cases referenced from 1990 and 1991. The writing style is clear and concise.
Commemorative Handgun Released
Glock handguns, of Smyrna Georga, has announced the minting of a limited edition "Desert Storm" commemorative pistol. The 9mm pistol comes engraved on the right side with "OPERATION DESERT STORM January 16 -February27, 1991" and on the left side with "NEW WORLD ORDER COMMEMORATIVE". In addition the names of the 30 countries that comprised the Allied Coalition is engraved on the top barrel chamber in alphabetical order. Persons interested may contact Glock at (404) 432-1202 or write P.O. Box 369, Smyrna, GA3008l.
January, 1992
Even this old copper could understand it. I found the index to be quite good and when put to several tests I found the subject matter very qUickly. This 341 page text is written from a defence counsel's perspective. So be forwarned that it was not written with a copper's sensitivities in mind. If you tend to be a narrow thinker and a "WSM" (Whining Sniveling Malcontent) you may not wish to read this book. If, however, you are a curious sort of person who would like to crawl into a lawyers world for a bit, you just might find this book of interest.
23
Some chapters of interest are "Objectives Of the Examination-In-Chief", "Presenting the Evidence-In-Chief", "The Hearsay Horror" and "Cross-Examination of Police Officers". This last chapter would be of particular interest to police officers ~ it goes into such details as undercover officers, lying officers, and officer's conferring on making notes. Levy obviously looks upon officers who collaberate in making their notes with a jaundiced eye. His dislike for the practice, fortunately, is not shared by most ofthe judiciary. He does add a word of caution that should be heeded. If officers do disagree about some part of what they perceived it would only be to their credit if they made note of this conflict in their notes (ie. "I thought I heard only three shots but my partner says he heard four.") Another area of interest is the sections dealing with the child witr1e$. Levy appears to have worked hard on this most important area of criminal law. He ensures each appropriate chapter at least touches on the subject. In many areas of the book Levy has demonstrated the "do's" and "don't's" of examination of witnesses by quoting the questions and answers from trial transcripts. In spite of the obvious bias toward the defense I found this book to be of interest both as a reference text and good recreational reading. If you are trying to produce a successful book this is, in my books anyway, a winning combination.
Are you new to law
enforcement? If you have less than one year with any Jaw enforcement agency you can get the next five issues of Blue Une Magazine FREE. Just send in your name, home address, date of appointment and Jaw enforcement agency's name. After the fifth issue you will get an invitation to continue receiving it on a paid subscription basis. Send to: t2A-498t Hwy.7 East, Ste.254,
Markham, Ontario L3R tNt
Computer Woes Part 3: Some Suggestions by Tom Rataj At the risk of falling into problem #8, as listed in last months column, I would like to offer the following suggestions and reasoning for hardware and software criteria which would form the basis of a computer policy. All the products listed have been chosen because they represent the accepted industry standards in their category, and go a long way in supporting reduced training costs.
grams which are generally very memory hungry, and display capability which supports all older software. (3) The Modem: 9600 Baud Per Second (BPS) Modems appear to bethe present industry standard. You could get away with a 2400 BPS system if cost were a factor. (4) The Mouse: MS Mouse. The industry standard that works with virtu-
of the market. If anybody knows a word processor it is more likely to be this one. It should be noted that there are many programs that work similar to this system. Most notably are WordStar 6 , Micro Soft Word and PC Write. However the widespread use of WordPerfect, especially with most government agencies, can not be denied. (3) The Data Base: dBASE N . The industry stan'rlard. (4) The Spreadsheet: Lotus 12-3 is the industry standard. MultiPlan is a similar and older style but the switch to lotus appears to be almost universal. (5) The Utility: PC Tools 7.0isarguably the industry standard. Other popular utilities include Norton Utilities and Mace Utilities.
What The Author Uses Tom Rataj reports both he and his wife use their computer quite a bit at home. They use a ALR PowerFlex 286 (with user-installable 386SX-16mhz upgrade) , 3mb RAM, 40mb Hard Drive, 1.44mb 3.5 inch Floppy Drive, colour VGA Mitsubishi DP Monitor. The word processor is "Word For Windows" 1.1a as used with Windows 3.0, Logitech TrackMan, and an Epson LX-81O Dot Matrix Printer.
What Blue Line Uses Photo Court.ty 01 Unity. Corp.
HARDWARE (1) MS-DOS c ompatible hardwa re . In excess of 90 percent of the North American computer market works with this type of hardware, resulting in literally hundreds of developers and manufacturers, and virtually endless supply of software. If any new or current employees are computer literate at all they will likely be literate on this type of equipment. (2) The Pe rsonal Computer (PC): 80386 - 33mhz Intel CPU (user upgradeable), 5mb RAM with 60mb hard-drive, 14" colourVGA, and 1.44mb 3.5" floppy drive. This configuration provides speed, multi-tasking, good memory capacity to deal with newer pro:!Z:11//
-
ally every program that uses or needs a mouse. (5) The Printer: Hewlett-Packard Laser Printer or compatible. Again, the industry standard. If a software package supports laser printers it will support this standard.
SOFTWARE (1) The Operating System: Microsoft DOS 5.0 is 100% compatible with suggested hardware. MS-DOS is the industry standard, and version 5.0, which is the newest, takes advantage of the advanced features of the newest hardware. (2) The Word Processor: WordPerfect 5.1. The industry standard in word processing that holds about 60%
This magazine is designed and composed on a clone 386 computer running at25mhz, 4mb RAM, 105mb and a 40mb Hard Drive, 1.44mb - 3.5 inch Floppy Drive and a 1.2mb - 5.25 inch drive. The monitor is a DataTrain V282W monochrome white. The main word processor is WordStar 6 with some usage of PCWrite. The main printer is an Epson EFL-7000 laser printer (Hewlett Packard compatible) .
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January, 1992
Drug Enforcement Seminar To Be Held In June
Product News
See the sights... Even at night!
Night Sight Systems has produced a self-luminous tritium gun sight that improves shooting accuracy under low light conditions. With the T-Sights equipped guns the company claims you can get immediate target acquisition anytime in poor light or even total darkness, by simply lining up self-luminous markers on the front and rear gunsights.
Product News
The Unseen Protector A new bullet-resistant security screen out of Great Britain is normally concealed within the counter but can be triggered to spring up between staff and an attacker in less than a third of a second. The screen has been developed by the Chubb Security Installation company to enable architects and designers to overcome the problem of creating an informal counter area while providing protection for staff in the event of a raid. Known as BRAVO, which is short for Bullet Resisting Automatic Vertical Operation, the screens are engineered to rise to 80 per cent of full height within 0.3 seconds when triggered, and complete the operation in less than half a second. Once they are in place, communication between staff and attackers is completely cut off so that the threat of hostage taking is virtually eliminated. The screens can be triggered by devices such as kick bars, press switches January, 1992
Night Sight Systems claims the credit belongs to the space-age technology that produces T-Sights. Tritium gas is sealed within tiny capsules which emit a glowing light that requires no power source, bulb, battery or wiring. They are resistant to oil, water, corrosion, or temperature changes and do not fade as for example some phosphorus watch dials. Tritium tubes can be installed on most handgun sights and are also available for submachine guns, rifles and shotguns. Currently used by several tactical teams this sight system is becoming popular also with regular duty officers on night patrol and undercover work. For more details on installation or for a demonstration arrangement contact Night Sight Systems Jo Winkler at (416) 773-0856 or Fax (416) 764-9981
and personal attack buttons, all of which can activate intruder alarms at the same time. The BRAVO mechanism is pneumatically operated and the driving cylinders are kept permanently charged by a "silent rim" compressor. Air storage capacity is sufficient to allow two sequential firings of the screen without recharging. The control panel, which will operate any number of screen bays, contains a battery pack to maintain security in the event of power failure. The main control is a three-position switch with "safe," "on," and "reset" positions. rEDS and buzzers are provided to indicate electrical, battery or air failure. Screens come in 1500mm and 3000mm widths for installation within standard height counters, and are available in single rise or double rise versions extending to heights of 2.8 metres. For further details contact Chubb Security Installations, Ltd., Ronald Close, Kempston, Bedford, England MK42 7SH; telephone +44-932 785588.
25
The Metropolitan Toronto Police Force recently announced it will be hosting the "Drug Enforcement -2001- International Conference. This event will take place from June 8th to 11th and the theme of the conference is to provide a futuristic overview of international drug enforcement problems and solutions. Speakers will include the top experts available in these fields. It is the intention of the event to ensure everyone in attendance will have gained valuable information which they may utilize as a resource when taken back to their respective agencies. Registration will be limited to three hundred participants. It will be held at the Holiday Inn, Downtown Toronto and a companion program will be available. For further information contact Det.Supt. Leo Campbell (416)324-0509, FAX (416)324-0503.
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Judgemental Firearms Training By Craig Best It doesn't matter how long an officer has
been on the Job. When one least expects It , the time to make that one all important decision could arrive anytime. The technology Is out there that can make that decision a lot easier. Ayoung constable patrols in a high crime n ighborhood. It is 2230 hours. From the comer of his eye he spots the image of a man who is crouching down along the wall of a warehouse located in a dark industrial yard. The constable continues to drive by and then turns up the next street in order to double back to the far entrance of the yard. He calls for assistance in order to go in on foot and verify the suspicious person. A few minutes later his sergeant arrives. After briefing the sergeant about what he saw, the two officers approach the warehouse on foot. They walk past a dozen trailers which are backed up to a loading dock, when the sergeant sees a man duck in between an industrial garbage container and a large slab of rock. The sergeant goes around by the loading dock while the constable slowly advances toward the rock. The constable locates the suspect who he is crouched down against the rock and facing the direction from which the sergeant is approaching. The suspect has something black and shiny in his right hand. The constable thinks "GUN". The suspect appears to have barricaded himself in order to shoot the sergeant. Suddenly the constable realizes that he is not in a position of cover, but he has to save his ergeant. He yells "police, don't move" and points his service revolver at the suspect. The suspect does as the officer say . The sergeant hearing the challenge doubles back to where the constable stands. It is later found that the suspect is a police officer from another department who was keeping surveillance on a neatby building. The object in his hand was a
small pair of binoculars. The constable who challenged the suspect is the author. Luckily the other constable knew how to react when challenged and nobody was hurt. Thinking of all the problems other officers have faced after shootings or fearing potential disciplinary and criminal action may stop an officer from taking the only option that could save his/her or somebody elses life. An officer cannot afford to take the time to decide if he/she can use deadly force against another person while he/she is in a deadly force confrontation. The officer must be able to assess the situation within a split sec-
26
ond and take the necessary measures to ensure public safety. David Smith, who is widely known for his officer survival knowledge, explained the training needed in the best way I have seen. He said to consider the human mind superior but similar to a computer memory bank. We know that the best predictor of a person's future success in any task is his/ her past success in the same or similar tasks. If the officer has not been put through training scenarios similar to those that he/she could have to deal with on the street, there will be nothing in his memory bank to relate to in order to make a decision and react appropriately to the threat. We know that officers revert back to their training when under stress. Untrained officers are much more likely to paniC and either over react and use too much force or under react and freeze, refusing to make a decision. In these times of recession and budget cuts, police departments cannot afford to put judgmental training on the back bumer. One incident where an officer wrongfully shoots a suspect could cost a life or at least a major civil suit which would be far more costly than the judgmental training that could prevent such a problem from occurring. And what costs can be associated with a civic funeral and the loss of an officer who was not prepared to deal with a lethal force threat. Training can be done using a variety of means. Some can be quite costly while others are not very expensive. The most important factor is whether an officer is able to perceive potential danger signs before it is too late and react properly in time to stop the threat before anyone gets hurt needlessly. The second factor is whether the officer can properly analyze the situation and avoid using his/her weapon when gestures that appear threatening are in fact not a danger. There are a number of video simulators available to police agencies. Some like the CINETRONICS rooms use live ammunition against a self healing rubber screen. There are computers and video projectors which show scenarios and record reaction data. The author has worked with two interactive cinetronic rooms where people in one room have to react to those in the other room. What Janua ,1992
takes place in room "A" is seen in room cover and this must be kept in mind dur- red on the grip and barrel to show that ing training. The vests are able to take a they are non operational with live rounds. "B" and vise versa. Blanks that are half length are used Other simulators like the FATS sys- beating so officers can lay down or lean tems use a laser in the barrel of a real gun on walls etc. without damaging the vest. in the guns when the scenarios are played. and blanks to activate the laser which However, arm and leg hits can not be re- All participants should wear safety glasses shows where a shot has hit the screen corded with this system. Head gear can and care should be taken not to be too with the help of a computer, a camera be purchased in order to show hits to that close to the person one is aiming at due to the pressure and muzzle flash . The reand a video projector. There are a few zone. All the laser systems can use hand- handle drills do not have the capacity to brands of laser type firearm simulators similar to the FATS such as the ROBBEC guns and long guns. Cinetronic rooms record hits unless cotton bans are stuffed can accommodate any type of assault into the open end of the blank cartridge simulator. and the person shot at is only a few feet These simulators all have excellent rifle, handgun or shotgun. Paint guns can be used in judgmental away. Reaction time and judgment can training potential. The author has had the opportunity to work with both types. training. There are many models of guns be tested using this type of training. The last type of judgmental simulator The cinetronic rooms add more reality to manufactured for paint pellet training. These range from large guns that do to be mentioned, is again fairly inexpenthe training by using live ammunition. However some officers lack the ability to resemble service guns to Simunition car- sive. This is the use of 16mm films shown handle their weapons with enough com- tridges which can be used in real guns. on a paper screen in a shooting range. The films like the laser simulators show petence to safely use live ammunition in The training potential is excellent. "shoot or not shoot" situations that stressful setting. Those that the officer must react to. officers should fIrst use blanks The problem with these is that which will only show reac... "some officers lack the ability after a while the officers tend to tion time and judgment They remember the scenario and thus will not show precision in rely on memory rather than the cinetronic room. As they to handle their weapons with judgment unless several films are progress, live ammunition can enough competence to safely use used. Judgment and reaction be used. time can be monitored when The laser systems use live ammunition" ... using films . Accuracy can also blanks which activate the be verified by stopping the film laser, causing it to shine on at the point where the shot was the area hit. A bullet hole image is seen on the screen fired . Live ammunition is used. Once an officer is struck by a pellet a where the round would have hit. This The important part of all of these improves safety during training but takes washable stain appears on him/her where means of judgmental firearms training is from the reality factor. The other prob- he/she was hit. The officer will feel a having an instructor who is highly trained lem is that if an officer shoots from a stinging sensation upon impact and thus in judgment of the use of force, not just a position of cover and anything is be- realize the importance of good cover. technician who can only teach how to tween the gun and the target, the laser The down side is that al1 participants shoot accurately. Society is not satisfied point will not register on the screen. need to wear face and neck protectors with officers being able to shoot accuThe FATS and ROBBEC simulators which take away from body language rately. Society wants officers to know are transportable whereas the picked up by watching facial expressions. how to take force options that are within CINETRONICS rooms are not unless a Some officers may also complain if they acceptable parameters. tractor trailer is equipped with cinetronic go home with a small temporary welt or Officers need to have the training equipment. bruise on their body caused by their that will enable them to arrive home at Another alternative for judgmental being in the way of a paint projectile. night after their shift. If we develop the training is the LASERTRAIN II. This Some paint projectiles can travel 400 feet officer's ability to make decisions under system uses fiber optic vests worn by all per second. Athletic supports, body armor stress, society will have fewer good arguparticipants of a scenario. Laser equipped (if norma11y worn) and overalls or old ments to use against the police and adguns are used during the training. As a uniforms would be advised for training ministrators will have fewer law suits to person is shot, audio and visual indictors with the paint cartridges. Shots should deal with. Most important is the fact that are activated on that person's vest. These not be taken from less than six feet from fewer officers will have their lives ruined indicators show if the shot was a center or the other participant due to 3.8 foot pounds because they made a bad decision under a moderate hit. of muzzles energy in some cartridges. stress. The vests allow officers to train in Another type of training is cal1ed the It can all be summed up by that old any setting they may have problems with red handle drill. All guns are fitted with Boy Scout motto, "BE PREPARED"! and act out any type of scenario suited bushings in the cylinder of the revolver for their needs. These like the other so that no live rounds can fit in the cylinlasers can be blocked by nonrealistic der. All guns are then taped or painted
January, 1992
27
Body Armour Saves Vancouver Officer From Bayonet Attack Constable Mike Campbell always wore his personal body armour. He made the decision on his first day on the force that the vest would be a standard part of his uniform. That proved to be one of his best decisions . shattered. It took the intruder just 20 minutes to destroy a family home. One Friday in April 1988, after nine Mike and the young man walked out months on the job, Mike was alone on to the porch. Mike took out his notecar patrol in south-central Vancouver. It book and began his questioning. The was a quiet day and he was looking man stood with his back to the open forward to a vacation, just a couple of door, still visibly shaken. He broke into a days away. sweat and became quieter and quieter. At about 1:00 P.M. a call came in Finally, he wouldn't answer Mike's quesand Mike responded to a Break-and- tions. He stood very still, staring off. enter (B&E) , radioing for back-up supMike became suspicious, but not port. Enroute, the call was updated. The soon enough. Without warning, the incident might have taken place more young man reached behind hi<> bock under than 20 minutes earlier, so Mike didn't his jacket and pulled out a bayonet. He have to wait for back-up before going stabbed Mike in the upper left chest with in. such force that Mike crashed off the When he arrived at the scene, there unprotected porch. The man reached was a young man standing in front of the back again and pulled out two more house. He was agitated and upset, as is knives. the norm with most crime victims. Mike Dazed, uninjured, Mike pulled out asked if the house was his and had he his revolver, ran to his car and radioed reported a break-in. The man said yes. for help just as another car with two They went into the house together officers arrived. The young man was in to find the place ransacked. Anything such a rage it took all three officers to that could be broken was; anything that subdue him. could be moved had been. The stove Mike later learned that the man had was upside down, the refrigerator was lived in the house, years before. In a on the dining room table. Curtains and cocaine-induced rage, he had gone to couches were slashed; lamps were the house and knocked on the door while
Out
The Blue
the o.vner's son, a 17-year old, was having
lunch. The man wanted to enter, saying his father had died there. The son refused and the man burst through the chained door. The youth fled in his stocking feet, reported the incident to his principal who, in tum, called police. He was lucky. Mike Campbell . was even luckier. Because he wore his body armour, the stabbing did nothing more than tear his shirt. "Knifing is almost worse than being shot, because the person is so close to you," Mike said. "The rip in my shirt was directly above my heart so I would have been dead for sure. As it was, the blade didn't even penetrate the armour." Mike notes about half the officers on his team wear the armour, while the others are usually old -timers who haven't had any close calls. Mike, however, has had his one close call and is even more committed to wearing his Kevlar vest: "I'm just far more comfortable now with it than without it. " DuPont Canada will be pleased to discuss the use at per9OII8I body armour and the de'<IeIopment at programs to enoourage wider use. Call Pauletlll Mou2er (416) 537-&493
By David Bluestein yo u
h qJ -+-" ;"(AII~ +H ~ L Aj( CiE
C() FFt:E ':
Order your 85 mitude Vuleo today. Send Cheque or Money Order for
$81.26 (includes G.s.T.) (On tario R ..idenu Add 1% P.S.T.)
12A-4981 Hwy. 7 East, 5te.254, Markham, OntariO, L3R 1 N1
Phone
293-2631 - FAX 293-0526
Janua , 1992
Seminars Anti-Corruption Conference
I
Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences
,:-.,
.. ~J
nd the World The fifth International Anti-Corruption Conference will be held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, March 8-12,1992. The conference is intended for all those who through their work already come or could come into contact with the many forms of corruption and its suppression. The title of the conference will be "Looking to the Future: The Control of Corruption in a perspective of growing Internationalization." Within this main topic, attention will be given to two themes, 1) corruption and organized crime and 2) corruption and the growing cooperation across Europe. The various themes will be intro-
duced by plenary talks and workshops. A number of internationally renowned experts have already pledged cooperation. There will also be an opportunity for individual participants to read prepared speeches. The plenary sessions and part of the workshop proceedings will be aided by simultaneous translation into English, French, Spanish and German. The other workshops will be held in English. For more information, contact The Foundation for Society and Police (Stichting Maatschappi, en Politic), P.O. Box 239,3300 AE Dordrecht, The Netherlands Tel: 078 144362 Fax: 078-3 13580.
The 1992 annual meeting of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (ACJS) will beheld March 10-14, 1992, at the Pittsburgh Hilton and Towers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The theme of the meeting will be "The Legacy of the Conservative Ideology." For more information, contact: Linda Zupan, 1992 ACJS Program CoChair, Criminal Justice Sciences Department, illinois State University, 401 Schroeder Hall Normal, IL 61761-6901: (309) 438- 7626, or Coramae Mann, 1992 ACJS Program Co-Chair, Criminal Justice Department, Indiana University. 1030 South Ballantine Road, Bloomington. IN 47401 (812) 855-9325.
INTRODUCING••••
THE NEW FAMILY OF WEAPONS AVAILABLE TO THE POUCE COMMUNITY IN ~992
RugerP85
serni-autornatic pistol Recoil operated semi-automatic, 4.5' barrel, 9x19mm, 15-round capacity magazine, meets all U.S. military specifications.
The long awaited Sig P229.40 S&W Mechanically locked, recoi l-operated autoloader, doubleactio n/si ngle-actio n, 3.86' barrel, 12 round magazine capacity.
Ruger GP100 Model IIKGPF-341 , double action, .357 cal., with a stainless finish, fixed sight and (ull shroud. Has a 4' barrel and weighs approximately 38 oz.
TheH&K
Colt All American Model 2000
P7Ml0 .40 S&W
All double action, semi-automatic pistol, 4.5' barrel, operates with the simplicity o( a revolver and high capacity o( a pistol. Can be fired without a magazine.
Recoil operated, retarded Inertia slide, magazine capacity of 10 rounds, 3-<1ot sight, 4.13' barrel,
We also supply the following fine product lines to compliment your choice of new weapons: Uncle Mike's and Safariland belts, holsters & accessories, Federal Hydra Shok ammunition (the choice of the F.B.I.) We offer generous trade-in allowances and police departmental loaner weapons for test & evaluation.
t!l
NICHOLLS
Longueuil, Quebec Mississauga, Onlario Edmonlon, Alberta
January, 1992
Tel.: (514) 442-9215 Tel.: (416) 828-1942 Tel.: (403) 973-3999
Fax: (514) 442-9581 Fax: (514) 828-7749 Fax: (403) 973-3291
Ollawa,Onl. Vancouver, B.C. Fredericton, N.B. Port Williams, N.S. Goulds, Nfld.
29
Tel./Fax: (613) 737-{)261 Tel.: (604) 875-8586 Fax: (604) 875-9887 Fax: (506) 385-2499 Tel.: (506) 385-2484 Tel.: (902) 678-1808 Fax: (902) 679-1242 Fax: (709) 368-{)991 Tel.: (709) 368-{)999
THE LIGHTEST MOST COMFORTABLE UNDERGARMENT VEST MANUFACTURED IN THE WORLD TODAY!
T
he CENTA R vest contains a combination of the most advanced ball istic materials available today, SPECI'RA SHIELD and SPECTRA FABRIC. This hybrid provides excellent protection against high velocity rounds, multiple hits, and blunt trauma and weighs only 15 ounces per square foot , the lightest weight attainable with today 's technology.
Ou r goal has been to develop an undergarment ball istic vest wh ich would combine maximum performance and maximum comfort. The result is th e ENTAUR, a vest that is not only incredibly comfortable but also provides superior stopping power and blunt trauma protection . Manufactured by Pacific Body Armour
These materials are also unaffected by water, body oils and chemicals that are normally destructive to aram id fibres. With proper care and maintenance, Pacific Body Armour guarantees the ball isti c integrity of our CENTAUR vests for ten years ! Body coverage of the CENTAUR vest is the highest possible without com prom ising comfort and mobility. The ball istic panels carry high into the shoulder areas and have a full 2" overlap on each side. A medium vest covers approximately 500 square inches but have an areal density of only .93 Ibs/sq.ft in a N.I.J. standard threat level II. The CENTAUR carrier is constructed of a durable poly/cotton material that is light weight and breathable. On the inside of th is material against the body, is HYDROFIL, an incredible new wicking material that draws moisture away from the body and into the inner fibres. Th is virtually el iminates that " clammy " feeling normally felt when wearing undergarment vests and helps you stay cooler and more comfortable.
CENTAUR, THE LEADER IN COMFORT AND PERFORMANCE FOR FURTHER I FORMATION CONTACT:
PACIFIC BODY ARMOUR 2300 Hunter Road KELOWNA , B.C. CANADA
V1X 6C1 Telephone : (604) 763-1357
01
~MADE A-;
~CA~~DA/
I
Fax : (604) 763-9730
SPECTRA SHIELD and SPECTRA FABRIC are Registered Trademarks of Allied Signal
Sometimes you look all day and still can't find what you're after.
Sometimes it's right in your hand. Blue Line Magazine gives you what you n ed and makes it easy to find .
And just in case we run the risk of getting too serious, Tony MacKinnon and Dave Sills make sure that every issue offers a look at the business from the lighter side.
Stories of Canadian and international police interest. Details and reviews of new products, books and training materials. Closeup looks at the people who set the standards for our profesSion, and the people who put in their time every day making it work.
We have made a committment to the police officers of Canada: To provide news, information and entertainment features from the police perspective.
We research and present case law that's of practical use to you on the job. Facts! Not fiction .
Your subscription to Blue Line Magazine will ensure that you get the benefits of that effort.
Join the growing ranks of Blue Line Magazine subscribers today. Locate the coupon inside this issue, fill it out and mail it in. You may call us at (416) 293-2631 and leave your name, address and postal code. We will ensure you get the very next issue. You may also send the order form by FAX to (416) 293-0526. You will get the next 10 issues for $25.00 - the best bargain around these days, and you didn't even have to go looking for it.
Canada's National Law Enforcement Magazine 12A-4981 Hwy.7 East, Ste.254, Markham, Ontario, L3R 1N1- (416)293-2631
One NIJ Level II vest-101 bullets-no penetrations. 51 hits in the front panel, 50 in the back. All serious threats; including .357 Magnums, 10mm Hydra-Shoks~ 9mm Gecos fired from an Uzi, and one bone-jarring blast with 00 buck from a 12 gauge shotgun. 101 hits, no penetrations. That's right... not one of these formidable rounds got through. What's our point? The point is, you don't choose the round you're shot with-they do! Although no vest is 100 percent "bullet proof," vest manufacturers have found that SPECTRA SHIELD material consistently stops a much broader range of bullet types and velocities.
Allied Fibers
To demonstrate our pOint, we asked an independent test lab, H. P. White Laboratories, to shoot several major brands of all SPECTRA SHIELD composite vests; each with 101 different off-the-shelf bullets. When the smoke cleared, the score was always: SPECTRA SHIELD 101-Bullets O. Wearing soft body armor made with SPECTRA SHIELD material means you're wearing the state-of-the-art in ballistic protection. For a reprint of H.P. White's test report, or information about SPECTRA SHIELD material, write Kevin McCarter at Allied-Signal Inc., p. O. Box 31 , Petersburg, VA 23804. Or, call (800) 695-5969.
~lIied
Signal