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April 1991
IN THIS ISSU E
EDITOR 'S NOTES
FEATURES:
Editor's Notes
3
Letters to the Editor
4
10-70
4
Editorial - The Global Police Officer
5
Canadian Divers Go to Britain
6
A Progressive Approach to Firearms Training - Craig Best
10
Stress - Marc Rogers
12
Canada 20 Years Behind in Police Dive Teams
13
When the Chase is Over - w.T.
18
After the Use of Deadly Force
19
Artists and Computers Help Find People - Marjorie Sparkes
Careless Driving - Morley Lymburner
21 22 23 26
Rap With Rock
27
Up-Coming Events
28
Product News
29
Torch Run For Special Olympics
30
Handgun Vs. Revolvers - Response - W.N . Burton Police or Political Control - Part 2 - Connie Boyden
NEWS:
Murders' Conference Cancelled
14
Money Allocated for Victims
14
Missouri State Adopts Semi-Auto Guns
14
Ontario Reports Drop in Road Deaths
15
CASE LAW:
Airports Are Public Places
9
Choke Hold Makes Refusal Justified
25
April 1991
The' 'Straight " War
T
he recently concluded war in the Persian Gulf has been labeled by many as the "Straight" war. Canadians and Americans who served in the conflict found that they had to conform to the local traditions when it came to behaviour. Being in a Moslem country, and being in a very sensitive position with their allies, soldiers found that they were prohibited from drinking or partaking in extra-curricular drugs or sex. Of particular concern was the soldier's penchant for pinup girls. This has been a western tradition that was frowned upon by Islamic sensitivities. To the rescue came Police Officer Jacqueline Phillips Guibord of the Provo, Utah, Police Department. The 30-year-old officer posed for a Wrangler Jeans advertisement in several U.S. magazines conservatively dressed in a red shirt and denims while holding a shotgun and leaning against a police car. The ad found a captive audience in the Persian Gulf and Jacqueline's picture found its way into many bunkers and lockers. The officer stated to reporters that she is a true American patriot. "I think they like the message, which is 'Protect and Serve';' said Guibord, "That's what they're doing over there, too." You can add this to your list of trivia. It is believed that this is the first time a cop became a pinup girl.
Blue Line Magazine
Letters to the Editor REAL BIRDMAN NO SAINT Regarding your "Birdman of Alcatraz" article, (Vo1.3 No.1 January '91) I have just completed a private tour of the Alcatraz prison and upon my return I was particularly interested in this article in Blue Line Magazine. You may find the following points of interest in relation to the article : 1 . Mr. Robert Stroud at no time while in prison at Alcatraz did the writing indicated in Geoff Cates' article. Rather, Robert Stroud wrote child pornography and tried to sell same. 2. Robert Stroud was in " 0 " Block, Cell 42. The reason he was in this cell was because he refused to wear cloth s and was continually exposing himself to the guards. Cell 42 was in the corner and Mr. Stroud was put there due to the reduced traffic flow by his cell. In his later years Mr. Stroud was a mentally deranged man . In the end he was transferred to the medical section where he died . Although Mr. Robert Stroud certainly did have expertise in ornithology, I thought you should also be aware of his other side. G.F. Oullette Chief of Police Thunder Bay Police Force
••• MISSING ANY ISSUES LATELY? I would like to say that you put tog th r a very informative and en joyable publication, and it is a pleasure to read . You will notice I have given you an address change for the magazine to be sent to my residence address, so I can keep them for reference. Once ag in , congratulations on a job well done. W.T. Oemeau Westfield, New Brunswick
••• Editor's Notes: This appears to be a real problem for many. I would r commend that subscribers have the magazine sent home. First it is nice to 1 t family members read it and condly you won 't have it "perman ntly" borrowed. Blue L ine Magazine
10-70 This is a column for you to make your point. There will be no editorial reply and your name will be withheld if you specify this. The publisher reserves the right to edit comments so his buns don't get sued off. Keep copy within the realm of good taste and decent length . (no more than 500 words please.)
••• IT WOULD BE NICE TO HAVE THE CHOICE I read your February article on carrying firearms with great interest. (Volume 3 No.2 Page 8) I'd like to offer my opinion on the subject. As police officers we are trusted by those we serve, and those who employ us, with having the professionalism , common sense, training and experience to deal with any occurrence that may arise while acting in or out of an official capacity. These qualities are not removed with the gun belt and uniform at the end of the shift. In your article you described a scenario involving an off duty officer in the middle of a bank robbery. This officer, while demonstrating considerable bravery, doesn't exactly show much in the way of any of the other aforementioned qualities. Armed or unarmed , engaging a bank rob-
bery suspect in a bank full of people, especially without having fully assessed the situation and risking the possibility of gun play where innocent persons may be involved is fool hardy at best, criminally negligent at worst. In the above situation , I suggest the prudent course of action would be to make detailed observations, possibly attempt to follow the suspects, and if an intervention is possible, to conduct it at the time and location that wou ld give the officer the advantage. Had these two suspects encountered a responding police unit and brought it under fire, or retreated into the bank taking the occupants as hostage, then I would suggest that having an offduty weapon would be a definite advantage. We are professional police officers and we are expected to act as such , on or off duty. No one expects off duty officers to do B&E patrols or traffic stops, but with the dramatic increase in violent street crime the chances of encountering a life threatening situation while off duty are also increasing. It only seems logical to prepare for the possibility. The bottom line is, because you're carrying it doesn't mean you have to use it, but if you need to and you're not carrying it. ... It would be nice to have the choice . Robert G . Fleming Essex, Ontario
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FLASHES by T ony MacKinnon
.. When I heard they got us new headsets, this isn't quite what I pictured! "
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EDITORIAL
Vol. 3 No. 4 . April 1991 - EDiroR / PUBLISHER -
Morley Lymburner
The Global Police Officer
- EDiroRIAL ADVISORS -
David H. Tsubouchi, LL. B. Edward Gunraj (P.o.A. Consultant) Mary Lymburner BA M.Ed. Gerald A. Oxman I.C.I.A. Jaan Schaer B.A. (Metro Police E. A.P.) Tom Dykes Robert Hotston B.A. M.Crim . Rick Patrick (Lambton College) The Editorial Advisors are persons from who m this publication seeks o ut advice and gUidance. The use of their na mes is merely for recognition of their assista nce and ongoing support.
- ADVERTISING -
Allan W. Stiver - CONTRIBUTING WRITERS -
Louise Dueck AI Porter • Richard Duplain • Daffydd Hermann • Craig McMillan • T. Richard Colledge • Murray E. Milliga n • Rock Dueck · Geoff Cates • Robert Hotston - ILWSTRATION -
Tony MacKinnon • Bette Clark Dave Sills - DESIGN AND PRODUCTION Jim Kelly Camelot Gra phic Design 97 Sir Lancelot Drive Markham. Onta rio L3P 2J3
Business Office: (416) 294-4773 Editorial: (416) 293-2631 Fax: (416) 293-0526 Advertising : (416) 294-5502 Fax: (416) 294-8952 Production: (416) 471-0303 Fax: (416) 471-0305 Blue Li ne Magazine is published mo nthly, ten times per year by Blue Line Magazine Incorporated with head office at 4981 Hwy. 7 East, Unit 12A, S uite 254, Markha m, O ntario Canada, L3R INl. Editorial and copy is considered to be completely separate fro m advertising sales. No committment for editorial coverage can form any part of a sale agreement. All articles are protected by copyright. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic or mechanical. including photocopying and recording. or by any information storage or re trieval system without permission fro m the publisher. The authors, adviso rs and publisher accept no liability whatsoever for any inju ries to person or property resulting from the application o r adoption of any of the procedures. tactics or considerations presen ted in this magazine. Readers are cautioned and advised that articles presented herein are edited and supplied for your personal awareness and sho uld not be refe rred to for further action until appropriate advice and guidance is received from a supervising officer or the advice of a Crown Attorney. Blue Line Magazine is an independant publication designed to educate and upgrade the skills of those involved in the law enforce ment profession . It has no direct control from a law enforcement agency and its opinions and articles do not neccessarily refl ect the opinions of any govern ment age ncy or police force. Blue Line Magazine is Printed in Canada by Jo hanns Graphics. The sole a uthorized distributor of Blue Line MaQ"zine is Gree n Ga bles Book S hop, Ma rkha m , U nta rio. Associate member, National
Association of Police Planners
~ Member. Periodical
~ Publishers Exchange
ISSN #0847 8538 Second class mail registration No. 8242
April 1991
I
f the Gulf War can be called a United Nations Policing Action then certainly the selection of General H . Norman Schwarzkopf was the man with the right background in the right place at the right time. Links through his experience, upbringing, family history with policing and the middle east made th is conflict almost his destiny. General Schwarzkopf, also known as "The Bear" or "Storm in Norman", is the son of a New Jersey State police officer who was himself an American General in the First World War. Schwarzkopf states that his father was his personal hero and since childhood was determined to follow in his footsteps . Schwarzkopf's fath er, like his son , attended West Point, and attained the rank of General. At the end of hostilities he became the head of th e New Jersey State Police. His most notable investigation was the 1932 kidnapping and subsequent death of the son of the famous aviator Charles Lindbergh . The senior Schwarzkopf later left the New Jersey State Police and rejoined the military. He then found himself in Iran as an advisor and trainer of the Shah of Iran's Imperial Police. In later years it was this police agency's shadowy tactics that would help bring down the Shah's rule. To suggest that this man's son would one day lead a coalition of Arab states against another Arab state would have been impossible to predict. Norman Schwarzkopf, as a child and son of a military father, found himself moving from country to country. The senior Schwarzkopf's postings
Ii!i
and character molded his son _As the son of a globe trotting military attache he became fl uent in both French and German and used this to great advantage in the Gulf confli ct and in his previo us details in Vietnam . The six-foot three, 240 pound Shwarzkopf presents an imposing figure . This has previo usly made him a tempting target for enemy fire as witnessed by two Purple Hearts awarded him from wounds received in Vietnam _ He has also received six other medals for actions which included the 1983 invasion of the Caribbean island of Grenada . In the fi nal analysis the victory in the Gulf War probably owes as much to Schwarzkopf's family as it does to the general himself. Being a police officer to the world could well be a fitting descriptio n for General H . Norm an Schwarzkopf.
Blue LiTU3 MagaziTU3
~~--------------------- ~ ----------------------~-
Canadian Divers Go To Britain
R
ecently two southern Ontario Police Officers traveled to Great Britain to visit as many Police Underwater Search Units as possible. Although they were both interested in diving they each had different objectives in mind . Constable Bill Wiley, of the Niagara Regional Police Force , is the divemaster and instructor with his police force diving team . He wanted to see how the British underwater teams compared with his unit. On the other hand , Constable Rick Rozoski, who is with the Hamilton-Wentworth Regional Police, was interested in searching out potential speakers for the International Police Diver Symposium , of which Rick is the coordinator along with Constables Cam Rumpel and Bill Wiley. Two of the main scheduled stops
included the Northumbria Police Diving and Marine School and the Strathclyde Police Diving and Marine School. These are the only two police diver national training facilities in Great Britain. Police officers from the many forces in England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland attend the schools to be trained as police divers to a national standard. All police divers work from the same dive manual. It is currently being re -written due to some changes which were necessary after the unfortunate deaths of three police divers in England in 1989.
is a diver with the Diplomatic Protection Group (DPG) of the Metropolitan London Police. They met at the Wapping High Street police station where the divers of the Metropolitan London Police co-ordinate their operations. A plaque was presented to Commanding officer Inspector Phil Johns to commemorate this exchange of information and brotherhood. The lounge walls in the station were covered with plaques, photographs and memorabilia from many of their diving operations. This unit dives every day on a rotating diver schedule in some of the filthiest bodies of water in the London area and strangely they all say that they really enjoy the work. Sergeant David Brooks, who many will remember lectured at the first International Police Diver Symposium, was off duty having just injured his hand on a dive operation a week prior to this visit.
The Met Dive Team Joint Underwater Dive Unit
Constable Rozoski's trip started in From London Rick traveled by train London last October where the first to Wrexham, Wales, where he was incontact was with Roger Blanks who troduced to Sergeant Brian Williams of the North Wales Police Force and Inspector Dave Gleeson of the Joint Underwater Dive Unit. The Joint Underwater Dive Unit is composed of members of the Greater Manchester, North Wales, Merseyside and Cheshire Police Forces. Each force pays a proportionate cost per officer and contributes equally in divers. This seems to be the most costefficient and most productive method of providing dive services for the four communities. The two Canadian divers were authorized to accompany this unit on an operational dive at Holyhead on the Irish Sea coast of Britain. They traveled in the custom-built vehicle which served as a change facility, kitPrior to a dive in the Iri h ea at Holyhead, Inspector Dave Gleeson oj the Joi nt Underwater chen, storage and command centre earch Unit brieji. the members oj the team in the specialized dive vehicle. Note the Blue Line Magazine on the table. Blue Line Magazine - - " - - - - - --
W lYJ
April 1991
A No~·tlmm bria Police dive team 1'ecruit makes a front step entry into cold murky water from afour meter height on thefirst open water dive of their dive course. The specialized dive vehicle is in the background.
for the dive unit. The purpose for the dive at Holyhead was to check for stolen cars which may have been dropped off a break-water. This exercise was not a re-active dive but rather a pro-active dive which served two purposes; the first being training and second, the possibility of clearing a few cases and bodies of water as well. The interaction between Constables Wiley and Rozoski and this unit was equally rewarding.
Northumbria Police Diving and Marine School
Upon arriving at the college Bill and Rick were impressed with the professional approach to diving which head instructor Sergeant Jeff Park and his staff demonstrated to the dive recruits. Care was taken to explain the problems which could be encountered by the divers underwater. The students seemed to be confident and eager to perform their tasks satisfactorily so they would be selected to join this elite unit. The students, who were in the third day of their pool training, were already learning about trapped diver procedures. Bearing in mind that these students were novice divers, it was felt these procedures were more advanced as compared with training received in Canada at the novice level. The following day the class traveled to a dock dividing the North Sea from the harbour and they were expected to don their Viking dry suits for the first time, make a front step entry from the four meter height into the dark, cold , murky water of this busy port. Once the officers adjusted to the thirty foot depth, they were instructed to jettison their weight belts, tie them to a line at the dockside and make a free -ascent to the surface. Having successfully completed this, they were then asked to perform a bottom search with a jack-stay method under the watchful eye of several of the current police divers. Once again the Canadians were surprised to see this type of exercise on the first openwater tests . Obviously the training methods used by the British dive teams are different than methods practiced by their North American counterparts.
After brief stops in Boston Spa and Redcar, the visitors continued northeastward to Newcastle where they were hosted by Northumbria Police Chief Inspector Derek Thompson and his wife Beryl. Thompson commands the Northumbria Police Diving and Marine School at Gateshead . This is Good Training and Equipment one of the two national police dive - When one looks at the equipment training facilities in Britain. and facilities that these units have, one
Apri l 1991
can see that they have been very successful in their attempts to set up firstclass profeSSional squads for the benefit of their communities. Much could be learned from their experiences. This specialized equipment is not limited to personal dive gear such as Superlite masks and helmets, hardwire communication systems, various dry suits and Divator tanks, but it also extends to a valuable hyperbaric chamber affectionately called "FRED" Chief Inspector Thompson was very anxious to show off his new pride and joy - the new Northumbria Police Air Support Unit. In an effort to maintain a yearly budget, the unit was permitted to log slightly less than three hours per day. Up to October 20th last year the unit was a full four hours and fifteen minutes under budget while still boasting of several cases solved with its use. It should be noted that the need for the helicopter was to combat the 17,000 stolen car occurrences the area suffers each year. Apparently it has had an effect in curbing these crimes and ap prehending the offenders.
With the level of the Thames River at low tide, divers from the Metropolitan London Police Underwater Search Unit prepare to commence a dive operation.
Blue Line Magazine
onstable Bill Wi ley (l) of tit iagara Regional RJlice eruice an d Constable Rick Ilowski (r) of tlte I familton-Wentworth RJlice . e presented Stratltclyde ftJlice Support Service Chi ef uperinl mdent R3ter Gibson with a plaque to commemorate the e:a:hange of information visit.
Diver Training to the North The last few days of this twenty-three d y xcursion were spent with Chief Insp ctor John Young in Newmilns cotland . Attendees of the last International Diver's Symposium (see Volume 1 No. 10 of Blue Line Magazine) will remember John's topic of discussion on the Lockerbie air disaster investigation which was con ducted by the Strathclyde Police Force. Diving Sergeant Fred Hall was d tail d to assist the Canadian visitors a nd provided them with a tour of the facilities of the Strathclyde Police Diving and Marine School before heading to Loch Long, north of la gow, to a dive site adjacent to the Roy I Navy nuclear loading docks. C nadians can only dream of a more beautiful dive site. The purpose of the dive was an open -water exercise for the dive sup rvisors course which was being conducted by the Strathclyde Police Diving and Marine School. The class was fairly small with just seven train es from various forces including th Royal Ulster Constabulary. Obviously these divers were well train d and had already encountered m ny different problems faced by police divers everywhere. The students were given several scenarios to simulate and each stu-
Blue Line Magazine
dent had an opportunity not only to dive but also to act as the divemaster, line-tender and occasionally the victim . One such scenario began with a routine search of a submerged auto. The divemaster appointed his diver, stand-by diver and line-tenders. The dive was proceeding quite well when suddenly the tender relayed the information of a trapped diver. Immediately the stand-by safety diver entered the water and the rescue was successfully concluded . The only person with advanced knowledge of the "trapped diver scenario" was the trapped diver himself. The operations was a complete success. This exercise proved to be very enlightening to the Canadian observers and they soon realized just how well trained the British divers really were. Each officer was indeed a credit to his respective units seeing that they had very little time to work with each other prior to this course.
Conclusions In conclusion , some of the observations pertaining to the organization of these teams are as follows : • The use of full -time dive teams enable the members to dive regularly and consequently become more efficient at their duties and more familiar with each other's capabilities.
• Updated equipment such as SuperLite helmets and hard-line communication systems result in the safer completion of most dive operations. It should be noted that hard-line communication systems will be mandatory in 1992 for all police dive teams in Britain . • Dive vehicles made specifically for the use of the dive teams provide a secure base of operations and , much like a fire truck, every piece of equipment has a designated location ready when the need arises. This not only looks more professional but it also increases the chances of success. • With full -time teams, training could become operational by diving in different locations throughout the region. This would serve two purposes, the first being the clearance of a few cases by locating stolen property or bodies and secondly, learning what to expect when called upon to dive in these bodies of water at a later date. • Since all police divers in Britain are trained at the two national police dive training facilities , every diver must qualify with certain standards which would make it possible to stage a large-scale dive operation such as a plane crash or a shipping disaster. They would in reality become one giant dive team. Her Majesty's Inspectorate Branch ensures the quality remains at a consistently high level of readiness. • The exchange of information and the contacts which result from trips such as the one embarked upon by Constables Wiley and Rozoski can only be of benefit to everyone concerned . With the information obtained during the tour of Britain , Constables Wiley and Rozoski hope to incorporate some of these ideas and methods into their training practices and into the International Police Diver Symposium agenda in the future.
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C.C.C. Vs. Canada
1039-004 (151 pages)
Airports are public places The Supreme Court of Canada recently ruled that people are permitted to exercise their Charter right to freedom of expression at airports. This includes political groups handing out leaflets and recruiting members to their cause in public access areas. The case arose in 1984 after a police officer at the Montreal Dorval Airport ordered members of the Committee for the Commonwealth of Canada to leave the airport because they were handing out pamphlets at the ticket and departure area . Management at the airport pointed out the Federal Regulation that prohibited any form of political activity or commercial enterprise to function without the permission of the management. The organization decided to challenge this ruling and received a Federal Court declaration stating that the areas of the airport open to the public constituted a public forum . As such they were permitted to disseminate their political views. The Crown appealed this decision to the Supreme Court of Canada and the appeal was dismissed at that level. Although the ruling stated that peaceful expression was permitted it
also stated that it must be performed in an area that was consistent with the use of such facilities. Mr. Justice Antonio Lamer stated in his summation that "if a person tried to picket in the middle of a busy highway or to set up barricades on a bridge, it might well be concluded that such a form of expression in such a place is incompatible with the principal function of the place which is to provide for the smooth flow of automobile traffic." "An airport is in many ways a thoroughfare," added Lamer, "which in its open areas or waiting areas can accommodate expression without the effectiveness of the function of the place being in any way threatened ." The ruling also added that the airport's policies were based on internal government policies and directives that were not laws which could be justified under the Charter since they were unknown to the public and could be amended or removed at will. In her more liberal judgment Madam Justice Claire LHeureuxDube spelled out a six point agenda for which government owned property is a public arena for the purposes of Freedom of Expression;
• The traditional openness of the property for expressive activity; • Whether the public is ordinarily admitted to the property as of right; • The compatibility of the property's purpose with such activity; • The impact of the property's availability on the achievement of the purposes of Freedom of Expression; • The symbolic significance of the property for the message being communicated; • The availability of other public arenas in the vicinity for expressive activities. The ruling made it clear however that if the activity is restricted to avoid undesirable consequences of the expression (such as a disturbance or riot) then the restriction of the activity is permissible. However the policy of prohibiting all political activity was not consistent with the Charter. In this ruling it was further pOinted out that "few locations can parallel this reliable concentration of people. Bus, train and airport terminals are indeed modern boulevards, extensions of Main Street. The list of sites traditionally associated with public expression is not static."
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The 1991
Canadian Police Officers Motorcycle Championships
We Have Moved!
CANADA CUP Held in conjunction with FAST Motorcycle Training School, Shannonville
Blue Line Magazine 12A-4981 Hwy.7 East Suite 254 Markham, Ontario LJR INI
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._----------------------------------~A~pn~·l~1~99~1__________________________________ ~
Blue Line Magazine
A Progressive Approach To Firearms Training - Craig Best -
W
ho says that Canadian law enforcement training has to be 20 years behind the USA when it comes to officer safety and court acceptable defensive techniques. Traditionally we have looked to the States to see what Americans have adopted and how their equipment and defensive techniques stood the test of American courts. Canadians being slightly more conservative than their American counterparts have never really strived to develop training in officer safety. Last March at Lachine, Quebec, this tendency changed dramatically. The National Firearms Training Academy opened its doors and gave Canada the chance to give training in all aspects of police firearms requirements from basic qualifications to the most realistic role playing exercises for judgmental shooting available anywhere. There are 28 positions in three different ranges giving ample space for regular qualifications. The targets are computerized and can be controlled by a range officer in the control booth, by the instructor who is at the firing line using a remote control after preprograming the course of fire or each target can be programed individually by use of a computer located at each position . The targets can approach the firing line automatically and can be set from to 50 meters. They can be programed to be in the face position or turn to the edge position for whatever time interval the instructor wishes. The targets can also turn 180 degrees so that "Good Guy - Bad Guy" targets can be used in judgmental training exercises . All of this is located in a nine million dollar state of the art complex which
o
was designed to bring firearms training out of the basements and sand pits and into a modern range which is free of lead filled air. That's right, no more blowing your nose and seeing black residue on the tissue. This is thanks to a ventilation system never seen before in a firing range featuring a laminar air flow. The complete wall to the rear of the shooters is constructed so that it is the source of the ventilation giving a wall of air that travels past the shooters and takes all the smoke and lead down range to where it is filtered. What I have discussed is all fine and dandy, but now you will hear about the most state-of-the-art equipment available anywhere. The N.F.T.A. has two "Cinetronics Rooms". These are rooms which have walls made of self healing rubber. The floors and ceilings are also designed to absorb bullets in case of accidental discharges. The front wall has a nondrying white paint covering which allows the wall to become a large screen . From the ceiling behind the officer a video projector sends images onto the screen while a video camera records the scenario. Another video camera is located at the top of the screen and is used to record the actions of the officer. There is an intercom in the room , which is used for communication between the officer and the control room and two microphones, one which is a shot sensor while the other is adjusted for ambient noise. Officers use their duty handguns and full loads for ammunition . This raises their stress level as well as allowing them to practice with the weapon they carryon the job. The scenarios vary in length and
can be either "SHOOT or NO SHOOT" situations. There are a variety of endings to any given scenario making it impossible for an officer to memorize the responses needed . The control room looks like the Kennedy Space Center and in it N.F.T.A. staff can program the threat windows of any scenario to meet Canadian court requirements when it comes to justifying an officers use of lethal force. The N.F.T.A. can film scenarios at any location that a police agency chooses so that officers are experiencing situations occurring in their patrol territory. Special scenarios can be filmed using aircraft highjackings, hostage situations, drug raids, search warrant executions, domestic quarrels, barricaded suspect or for any other special training needs that a department may have. The most remarkable feature by far is that the N.F.T.A. has two of these rooms and they can be programed to be interactive. In other words an officer can be in one room while an actor is in the other room with hostage and both can see what the other is doing and now must react mind against mind using real firearms and being close enough to actually hear the real gunshots from each other's weapons. I have experienced both the "cinetronics" training and the stress of an actual gun fight and I am convinced that one cannot get closer to the real situation in any other form of training. Assault rifles and S.M.G.'s can also be used in the "cinetronics" rooms giving ability for special response teams to train. All training can be recorded and there are debriefing rooms on site. Tapes of the training can be kept
-=B~lue ~L~i_ne~M ~ag~~ __'ne _____________________________ ~ ________________________________~A2p_n_·l_l_99_1__
Training, however, is a two way training and have been shown safe by the department fo r fu ture reference. Printouts of the officers' street. It is the responsibility of each and justifiable responses, th ey can responses and the instructor's evalua- department to give adequate realistic relate to real situations by refl ecting tion are available to the department. training to its members so that they back to their training and are more apt The departmental instructor can have are prepared to act properly and safe- to choose the proper response. constant control of the material ly during stressful situations. It is the Any questions or comments conhe/ she feels should be used in depart- responsibility of each officer to prac- cerning this type of training can be mental training and the N.F.T.A. in - tice the techniques learned and stay directed to th e National Firearms structors strive to meet the needs of proficient with his equipment. Regular Training Acade my, c/ o Law Enforceindividual departmental policy in-service training with mandatory ment Training Division , 1375 32nd qualifications is the key to Ave. Parc Ind ustriel de Lachine, requirements. Canadian society is no longer professionalism . Lachine, Quebec H8T 3H2. (514) In the past few years Canadian 633-0033. satisfied that officers be able to fire their guns accurately at a paper target. police agencies have seen the need Guest Writer The public is demanding that officers to adapt officer survival training and Craig Best is a ten year veteran of the Canaknow when to fire their guns at real most academies have started to have dian Pacific Police presently engaged as the people and when that choice is un - lectures on this topic. Officer deaths Tactical Training Instructor for his department. justifiable. An officer must be able to have dropped since 1984 but statistics He presently holds the rank of Investigator. choose options of a lesser force level show that assaults on officers are get- He is a member of the International Police Association and Quebec Director of the when those options are available and ting higher all the time. Canadian of- American SOCiety of Law Enforcement do so under a great amount of stress. ficers are also being accused more Trainers. He is the founder of the Montreal Many experts have lectured about and more of using abusive force and based "Officer Survival Institute." Mr. Best has instructors in Defensive Tactics and the physical changes the body ex- of wrongful shootings which become trained baton training for several Federal, Provi ncial, periences under stress and how sight, a liability factor for the officer as well Municipal and Native law enforement age ncies. Mr. Best can be contacted at (514) hearing, and psycho-motor skills can as the agency. There is a clear indication that lec- 699-6569 or (514) 591-9018 . be impaired during armed confrontaIn future issues of Blue Line Magazine Mr. tions. Officers are not prepared to face tures are not enough . If officers have Best has agreed to write a series of articles on armed adversaries after annual or been placed in stressful situations in defensive tactics for front line officers. semi annual qualifications involving shooting at paper targets that just Cas e Law Order Form stand there posing no threat to Name: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ anyone. It is as unrealistic as training Age ncy: _ _ _ _ _ _ __ an officer to frisk a suspect before he/ she has handcuffed him and Address: _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ Phone/FaxN _ _ _ __ _ _ established control. City: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ Postal Code: _ _ _ _ _ __ We are no longer facing suspects who react the way people reacted to FAX Numbe r (416) 293-0526 police in the fifties . So why do so Telephone orders accepted for Subscribers only - (416) 293-2631 many departments feel that training (Please quote Subscriber Number) should be the same as it was then? The full text of any Case Law articles in Blue Officers have died in the past and will Please send Case Law by: L ine Magazine may be ordered at a cost of $1.00 continue to die in the line of duty. per page with a minimum charge of $10 .00 per Departments must strive to limit the order. You may have your judgements sent via Mail to Address numbers of officer deaths and injuries Fax at a cost of $2.00 per page with a minimum Above through realistic training. order of $20.00. Please enclose a cheque or credit card number with your order . It is a fact that under stress an ofFax Direct to my ficer will react the way he was train Only Subscribers may order Case Law by invoice At tention ed. That is what he/ she has in his/ her memory. If there is no training in relaG.S.T. NR1 224 18643 tion to stressful situations the officer VISA / MASTERCARD Nu mber Case Law Number of will use what he/ she has seen on TV Number Pages or simply panic. If an officer panics that officer will either freeze or over react which could place the officer, fellow officers, the public or the subject in unnecessary danger.
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April 1991
B lue L ine Magazine
.... - Marc Rogers -
S
tress .. a word that is becoming increasingly more common in today's society. The term stress is bantered about as if its meaning is common knowledge. As police officers we are told that law enforcement is one of the most "stressful" careers today. Yet what does this catch word "stress" really mean? Stress , simply defined is anything which causes strain to be placed on the body, either physiological or psychologically. Stress is a vague term which can in fact include any and everything, it is very subjective. No one is able to objectively say that "X" is a stressor, because for some people it may not result in a strain on the body or mind . It is apparent then that the term stress is, because of the vagueness, not very useful. But the strain it places on the body, and mind, is a useful concept. It is the strain on someone that causes the problems for that person . The strain on the body can be either physical, psychological, or as in most cases a combination of both . The strain on a person can be objectively classified, ie. ulcers, depreSSion, alcohol abuse, high blood pressure etc. So when we talk about stress we are in fact talking about strain. What difference does this make? Actually quite a bit. There has been a considerable amount of research on strain and how a person can learn to either eliminate the event causing the strain, (stressor) or cope with it to reduce the strain . The first option, eliminating the stressor, is unrealistiC, as anything can be a stressor. The more logical option is learning to cope with the stressor to reduce the strain . When most people hear the word "cope" or "adapt", the idea is not very appealing, as im ages of trying to change their entire lifestyle comes to mind . This type of
Blue Line Magazine
radical change is not necessary in order to cope with stressors. One method of coping is to get adequate rest. There is no specific period of time, but everyone knows when they feel rested, and when they feel tired, they must listen to their body. Strain effects the body by depleting its energy resources. Sometimes this depletion robs energy from the immune system, resulting in an increase in sickness, such as flu and colds. By obtaining adequate sleep the energy reserves can be built up again. Another is exercise, this doesn't mean that a person has to run marathons, just participate in some activity that they enjoy, and that gets the blood pumping. Exercise not only helps the physical shape, it helps the mental shape as well. It is a great way to take out frustrations encountered at work or at home, decrease depreSSion, and increase the important energy reserves. People should also try to leave work at work and home at home. In other words they should try not to bring the problems from work home. This can be accomplished by remembering that the job of a police officer is only one role in a person's life, the other roles may be husband / wife, father/ mother etc. When the officer hangs up his/ her gun at the end of the shift the work problems should be hung up with it. Another effective method of reducing the strain on the system is finding a hobby. Hobbies tend to allow a person to forget about their worries for a period of time and concentrate on something they find pleasurable. Time out is yet another technique used by some as a means of coping, by relaxing. It is quite simple to do and entails finding a place and time that a person can close his eyes and "meditate" for 15 or 20 minutes . It
doesn't require a large amount of time but works quite well. (Many people with high blood pressure employ this technique to lower the pressure.) A more difficult procedure involves a conscious effort to change a bit of ones personality, it has been demonstrated that the type "t\' personality is no more prone to heart attacks, high blood pressure, or other stress related diseases than the type "B" personality. The factor that is important is the degree of "hardiness" a person has . Hardiness is simply the ability to adapt to different situations effectively. Hardy people can handle stressful events better than non-hardy people. Hardiness can be learned. albeit with some difficulty. It involves an effort to consider new tasks as challenging, something to be overcome, not as set backs to become depressed over. These are but a few methods a person can use to adapt to or cope with the stressful , or more correctly the strain producing events that occur in daily life. Unfortunately some people develop the attitude that unless they have an ulcer, high blood pressure, or heart problems, that they are handling the stress effectively and do not have to worry about it. This is a big mistake. The presence of ulcers or high blood pressure are very serious manifestations of prolonged chronic strain on the body and usually take years to show up. By the time the symptoms appear the damage has been done. By learning to effectively cope and adapt to strain this damage to the body can be greatly decreased. Policing as a career is dangerous enough. By setting aside a few minutes each day, a person can do something about a danger that can be reduced , possibly prolonging his life expectancy and increasing the quality of life.
April 1991
Canada Said to be 20 Years Behind in Police Dive Teams
O
n a recent tour of the British Isles Constables Rick Rozoski of the Hamilton Wentworth Police and Bill Wiley of the Niagara Region Police were told that Canada is about 20 years behind Britain in the area of in stituting and training police dive teams . C hief Inspector Derek Thompson of the Northumbria Police Diving and Marine School in Britain advised the visiting officers last October that Canada is at the point Britain was twenty years ago where police diving is concerned. Thompson stated he could recall the problems which existed while they were trying to set up functiona l police dive teams. These problems included persuading supervisors and politicians of the need to develop such specialized units with cost-prohibitive budgets. Although the city of Hamilton , Ontario, is a busy Great Lakes port their Police Force does not have a diving team . In spite of this Rozoski and Wiley, along with Constable Cam Rumple, have co-ordinated the International Divers Symposium over the past several years. It is the intention of these three officers to shorten this twenty year gap as quickly as possible. To this end Chief Inspector Thompson has been authorized to attend and address the next symposium from September 12th to 13th. Wh ile visiting the Northumbria Police Force the two officers met Superintendent Geoff Meadows from the Lancashire Police Force. He detailed the recent Police Diving Supervisors Symposium hosted by Lan cashire. He spoke of the many in teresting topics which were covered at the two-day event. Included in this symposium was a presentation by In-
April 1991
spector Phil Johns of the Metropolitan London Police Underwater Unit in vestigation of the cruise boat collision which claimed so many lives last year. It was discovered that Canada does excel in one area . Since the symposium in Lancashire was only open to diving supervisors, the total number of attendees was limited to sixty which makes the International Police Diver Symposium in Canada the largest of its kind in the world . When one evaluates the differences between the British system of train ing versus the North American standards , Chief Inspector Thompson's assessment of the twenty year gap is vividly clear. Hopefully future exchanges will tend to bridge this gap. Further information about this event may be obtained by phoning Rick Rozoski at (416) 575-1434.
"COOPERATION IN PUBLIC SAFETY RESPONSE" MILWAUKEE , WISCONSIN May 26-3 1, 1991 If your job or business is involv-
ed in anyway with combatting terrorism, explosive disposal, investigation, or violence, you need to be in Milwaukee , Wisconsin. THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOC. OF BOMB TECH NICIANS AND INVESTIGATORS (I.A.B.T.I.)
International In-Service Training will be attended by professional and special operations personnel from around the world. From large cities to rural outposts ... federal agencies to local department s, military, law enforcement , corrections , security and other profes sionals involved in explosives will convene in Milwaukee. 40 HOURS OF TRAINING:
Anti-terrorism, Counter-terrorism , Initial Response Procedures, Security, Management, Research a n d EqUipment, Violent Group Counteraction, Bomb Detection and Disposal, Special Weapons and Equipment, Education and Planning, and much, much more will be presented. For information, contact:
HEY SARG , HAS THE PRISONER BEEN FED YET?
Glenn E. Wilt I.A.B.T.I. P.O. Box 6609 Colorado Springs, CO 80934 Tel.: (719) 636-2596 Fax: (719) 633·3723
Blue Line Magazine
... news beat ... news beat ... news beat ... Murderers' Conference Cancelled Solicitor General Pierre Cadieux cancelled a conference for in carcerated murderers that was scheduled to take place in May. The conference, which was to take place in the same month as Police Week, would have cost the Ministry $20,000 to link 100 prisoners by video across the country. Topics on the agenda were such things as prison treatment programs, employment training and a possbile lobbying campaign for early parole. The Solicitor General cancelled the conference after the organization "Victims of Violence" did some lobbying of their own .
Money Allocated for Victims Both the Federal Minister of Health and the Ontario Solicitor General have announced multi year funding for programs related to the victims of crime. In a February announcement Federal Health Minister Perrin Beatty announced that Ottawa will spend $136 million over the next four years on programs to combat family violence. No other details were released as to what agencies specifically would benefit from this funding. On Febraury 28th the Ontario Solicitor General, Mike Farnan, announced that it would be alocating over $4.2 million to enhance victims services which focus on sexual assault and wife assault. The funding was part of a government anit-recession package announced last December and aimed at creating jobs in that Province. The announcement stated that the funding would create around 70 jobs.
The following considerations were The Solicitor General announced that the money would be spent on important to the Patrol's selection projects aimed at services to women committee in making their final and native peoples. The program has decision : pegged over $1.1 million for wife 1. Manufacturer to have a proven assault education programs, track record of semi-automatic usage $970,600 for sexual assault support by law enforcement agencies; centers, and $1.2 million for victim 2. Readily available test and evaluaservices support. The remainder has tion pistols in 9mm, lOmm and .40 been allocated for specific reviews of S&W calibers; services for natives in Northern 3. Functional reliability and durabiliOntario. ty of pistol ; 4. "Safe Action" System; 5. Ease of operation and transition M issou ri State training; Adopts Semi-Auto 6. High magazine capacity, while maintaining acceptable weight; Guns 7. Ease of disassembly/ reassembly 8. Accuracy After 60 years of issuing revolvers, the Simply put, the selection commitMissouri State Highway Patrol has adopted the new Glock Model 22 .40 tee wanted the new issue semiS&W Caliber as their duty weapon. automatic sidearm to be easy and safe Although research began two years to use while providing the greatest ago on switching to semi-automatics, capability for officer protection. After carefully narrowing the selecthe final decision required intensive research study to evaluate and choose tion to two manufacturers, the Glock the proper model , caliber and Model 22 .40 S&W Caliber pistol with manufacturer best qualified to meet 15 round magazine was chosen as the the Missouri State Highway Patrol's new duty weapon for the Missouri State Highway Patrol. specific demands.
FLASHES by T ony MacK innon
"Save my place will ya? ..
I have to go to the bathroom!"
~B=ru=e~L=iw ~M~~ ~~~'~w~__________________________ ~ ________________________________~A~pn ~·l~19~9~1_
... news beat ... news beat ... news beat ... The Glock Model 22 was issued to the 900 State Troopers after they completed a course designed by their training staff. Full training of the agen cy was completed at the end of March . In addition it is reported that about 145 agents of the Missouri Conservation Commission will be receiving the Glock Model 22 .40 S&W pistols in the near future.
10-20 Blue Line Magazine has been forced to put out an all points on the follow ing persons. They are wanted for not sending in their change of addresses. Anyone knowing the whereabouts of these persons are requested to notify them that they are wanted. Read 'em their rights too. (They have a right to receive the magazines they paid for!)
c.c. Balsillie - Hull, Quebec
Ontario Reports Drop In Road Deaths The Ontario Provincial Police announced a decline in traffic fatalities during 1990. They also announced that traffic collisions in general took a 22 per cent drop over the past four years . The figures released indicated a four year low in incidents investigated by the force with officer responding to 81 ,300 collisions last year. The force has attributed the decline in their programs that target safe driving habits. "Educational programs and coordinated enforcement programs are helping people to be more safety conscious," explains OPP Commissioner Thomas O'Grady. "In 1989, occupants were thrown from vehicles in 33 per cent of the fatal accident compared to only 24 per cent in 1990." The Commissioner pOinted to the seat belt campaign launched by his Force last year as the primary reason for the reduction . Other programs stated as contributing factors included the "Reduce Impaired Driving Everywhere" and "Speeding Slows You Down" campaigns that were extended to year round projects .
April 1991
A. Junglas - Don Mills, Ontario M. Cain - Toronto, Ontario Mike Watt - Calgary, Alberta Darryl MacDougall - Trenton, Ontario G.K. Stewart - Powerview, Manitoba John Kummer - Walkerton , Ontario Catherine Bourque - Morrisburg, Ont. Wayne Parsons - Windsor, Ontario S. Zuk - Winnipeg, Manitoba S.R. Case - Vermilion Bay, Ontario Steve Thompson - Brantford, Ontario
• ••
What's News? Keep Canada's law enforcement community informed . If you have something happening in your area that you feel should be shared with the law enforcement community across the country, or in your province, let Blue Line Magazine know about it.
If you have a local newspaper clipping, a recent controversial topic or wish to write on a topic of your own choice, feel free to send it to us. We are also interested in significant changes in provincial statutes. You may mail material to us at 118 Main Street North, Markham , Ontario, L3P 1Y1 or use our 24 hour Editorial Fax Line at (416) 293-0526 . Keeping us informed is keeping you informed .
•••
A Little Biblical Case Law A New York State judge recently resorted to citing his case law from the Old Testament when dealing with a man accused of defrauding a church of over $250,000 . The accused, the church treasurer, was trying to have his bail set by the judge. In determining the amount of bail the accused would have to put up the court referred to Exodus 22:7 for its precedent. Quoting the passage; "If a man gives his neighbour silver or goods for safekeeping and they are stolen from the neighbour's house, the thief, if he is caught, must pay back double." Accordingly the judge set the accused's bail at $534,000 .
We Have Moved! Blue Line Magazine I2A-498I Hwy.7 East Suite 254
Markham, Ontario LJK INt
Blue L i ne Magazine
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CAN ADA
When the Chase is Over ... - W.T.-
s
o you've been a cop for longer than you care to remember and you're still just a constable. Maybe a while back you were part of the chase in the great game of promotion and it didn't work out for you . Maybe you 're just a constable, who only wants to be a Constable , but your peers, your family and just about everyone else who has an opinion , cannot understand how it is that you don't harbour aspirations to go to the top or as near to the top in your Force as is humanly possible. Maybe you listen to some of the talk coming from your superiors, as they discuss the deadwood in the department, and you think that they're talking about you. Maybe you watch the newer and much younger officers as they "hit" the streets, full of enthusiasm and surety that they will clean up crime in a short space of time. Do you know what I'm talking about? That feeling deep in your gut that you 've missed the Promotional Boat and that maybe, just maybe, you are that failure that you sometimes think that you are. Perhaps you're thinking about leaving the police profession , even though you know that you 're a good, down -to-earth cop and you really do like being a police officer. The question then becomes , "Okay, if I'm going to stay in policing and enjoy the remainder of my career how do I do it and be happy while I'm doing it?" In my own simplistic, basically uneducated opinion , the first thing that you may want to consider is this: Accept within yourself that you're no longer part of the promotional chase, and that you no longer will feel guilty, shameful or remorseful because you didn't get promoted or even try to get promoted. When you 're convinced that you have accepted your current status, get out a pencil and paper and write out
Btu Line Magazine
an honest inventory of how you see yourself , your strengths and weaknesses. If you don't do an inventory, how will you know where you are? A lot of good comes form looking at the past successes and mistakes, the present situation , and visualizing the future, one day at a time. An inventory will help lift you out of P.M.S. (the Poor Me Syndrome) . If you find that you need professional help and guidance to get you started on the new road to acceptance, than get it. This is your life that we're talking about here. Realize that Constables are the Salt of the Earth . Without us, there is no need for Sergeants, Inspectors and the whole realm of the upper ranks. Constables are the straw that stirs the drink. Never forget, there's a lot more of us than there are of them . Without good linemen , the best quarterback and backfield will never progress an inch up field. In clOSing, just so you won't think that I'm talking through my hat, I want you to know that I have been the whole nine yards. A few years ago, I too, was feeling bad about my waning career and seriously considering getting out of the police profession .
Fortunately, I talked to a man that I greatly respected and admired . This guy was a priest by profession and a very good one at that. Although, I am not a particularly religious person , I thought this priest definitely had the talents to move higher up in his particular profession . I asked him why he had not risen to a higher rank within the Catholic church . He explained to me that he certainly had been given every opportunity to move up in the church , but that he had made a personal decision to re main a parish priest because he was good at it. He realized that he had effectively shut the door on any future promotion . He made a decision to get off the chase and having accepted that decision , he got on with the business of becoming the best parish priest that he could be. At the time of our conversation , I was an unhappy Sergeant in a twen ty man force. I now think of myself as a career Constable and with that acceptance has come peace of mind and a renewed desire to police the best way that I can . When I handed my sergeant stripes back my peers thought I had gone crazy. In actual fact , looking back, I believe that I may have saved my sanity. So, to all you Constables out there, enjoy your career and try not to let yourself get you down .
b~~~~----p~~~~~~~~
FLASHES by Tony MacKinnon
" Bump m e w i th that sign one m ore ti m e an d the end is nearer than you thi nk."
~ ________________________________~A~p~rt~·l~1~99~1__
After the Use of Deadly Force What You Should Be Aware Of Courtesy of the Vancouver Police Union Newsletter (Edited by Blue Line Magazine)
I
t is an unfortunate reality that, at times, police work involves the threat, or the use of deadly force. The aftermath of a deadly force incident can be a very difficult and confusing time for the members involved. They are thrust from a life-threatening situation where their role is that of a police officer, to the centre of a homicide investigation where they are the suspect. It is important for the involved members to realize this and to act accordingly. Experts state that police officers in these situations should fight the feeling that they have nothing to hide. They will be traumatized and may not be in the best condition to make a clear and complete statement. It is not possible to retract a statement and a police member who is not thinking clearly may be misunderstood by those who arrive at the scene after the incident is over. The manner in which these incidents are investigated vary across the country. In Vancouver, for instance, the Major Crime Squad investigates officer-involved shootings. In the Province of Ontario the newly set up Special Investigation Squad of the Solicitor General's office would investigate. In any such incident officers should be aware that if it may be construed that a member did not act appropriately the investigation is not a discipline matter but a Criminal one. In Vancouver the Major Crime Investigator will caution and warn involved members. This should not be upsetting- the investigating detectives are required to do it- but it
April 1991
should be taken very seriously. Any statement can become part of a homicide investigation and can have serious consequences. Experts in this field therefore suggest that you say nothing and ask for a lawyer as soon as possible. There appear to be both advantages and disadvantages involved in not making an immediate statement. Even if a police officer is certain in his own mind that he was justified in the shooting, it is a fact of life that over the course of the next several months a seemingly unending stream of persons and agencies will rise up to attack and second-guess his actions. In British Columbia , the in vestigating detectives pass on their findings first to Crown Counsel, and then to a coroner's jury who determine certain facts and make relevant recommendations. The Crowns, who usually reserve their decision until after the coroner's inquest, may decide to have the file reviewed by an ad hoc lawyer to eliminate any complaints of bias . Beyond those mandated with these responsibilities, however, are the Sunday morning quarterbacks with various agendas totally unrelated to an objective evaluation of the shooting. These include the media, lawyers, family of the victim, politicians, civil rights activists, and aspiring aldermanic candidates. The aftermath of a police deadly-force incident is always controversial, often hostile and confrontational, and members should remember to act in a manner appropriate to this sort of
environment. What this means is that if there is any possibility your statement can be misinterpreted, it very probably will. Thus the reasons for not speaking while you are confused , upset, and possibly angry are obvious. Your mind may not be focused on the construction of a complete and accurate statement. You may have feelings of anger, arising from your survival instincts, towards the person who has just threatened your life and these may show through in your statement. You may feel guilty over the taking of someone's life and may start questioning your actions. These tinges of guilt can be misinterpreted as stemming from a lack of justification for the shooting. Additionally, the stress of the shooting can allow you to slip into the weaker side of what is termed t h e "parent/ child mode", vis-a-vis your superior officers, creating tremendous pressure to comply with their requests for statements. Finally, a phenomenon known as "tachypsychia" has only recently become recognized as a symptom of survival threatening situations . Psycho-physiological changes take place in the mind and body and can influence perceptions in a variety of ways. Events can seem to happen in slow motion and the ability to accurately remember elapsed time intervals deteriorates . Tunnel vision occurs , causing the suspect and whatever weapon he has to appear closer and bigger than they are in reality. Your ability to count may
~ __________________________~B~lue~L~t~·ne~M~a~g~~·ne~
become distorted . The implications of making a statement in which you may incorrectly estimate distances, times and number of shots fired in a deadly force situation are very serious. Your credibility could be damaged , impairing the re mainder of your statement in the minds of judges and jurors not familiar with the effects of tachypsychia . It is important, however, to realize that the role of detective is that of factfinders , and the purpose of their in vestigation is to establish what, in fact , actually happened . By refusing to make any sort of statement, the possibility exists that their work will be hindered and crucial evidence may be lost. uch evidence, especially if of a physical nature, may help substantiate your version of the incident. Remember to consider the fact that physical evidence may be transient and eyewitnesses may subsequently become influenced by powerful media representations of the shooting. The justification for the use of deadly force may ultimately come down to factors of seconds or centimeters, and the more evidence on your side, the better. Eyewitnesses are not known for their accuracy and it has been repeatedly shown that they often see what they expect to see. If the only other observers to a shooting are hostile to the police, or associates of the victim , you run the double hurdle of witnesses fabricating the events, or giving a distorted statement that they truly believe is based on reality. By making a statement that supplies the investigators with sufficient information to gather all the critical evidence and to build a com plete vision of the case, you may prevent yourself from becoming painted into a corner.
Post Deadly Force Suggestions
It is impossible to establish strict gUidelines for every case. The best defence is to be knowledgeable about what occurs in the aftermath of a
Blu Line Magazine
shooting-both inside yourself and in the surrounding legal and political environment. The following suggestions are just that - advice only, and members should consider their options and actions very carefully. • Take the time to calm down , relax and think. • If you do not want to make a statement, DON'T! And do not be cajoled into making one. You are the suspect in a homicide investigation . Even if you think you are justified, remember that life isn't always fair. • Ask for a lawyer if you want one. Do not worry about the cost, for unless you acted illegally and in bad faith (in which case you really need a lawyer) it will be paid for. Most, if not all , collective agreements in Canada include something similar. • Consider whether you want to wait a day or two, to stabilize, think things over carefully, and consult fully with legal counsel , before making a statement. • Weigh this option against the fact that an immediate statement will have more credibility. • Consider what you can say to facilitate the gathering of all forms of evidence by the investigating detectives . • Preface any statement with the words "I have been ordered by DET. to make the following duty report. It is not a free and voluntary statement." This will prevent its admission in court, but any evidence resulting from it may still be admissible. • Do not be too specific and detailed . Trying to estimate numbers, times, and distances, because of the effects of tachypsychia, could lead to problems with your statement. "I felt he was close enough to kill me", is preferable to, "he was 3 metres away." • Focus on the critical active dynamics of the situation: "He was going to stab me", not, "I shot him ." • Do not make oral statements as these can be misconstrued or
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mistakenly written down by someone else. Make a written statement that you can review for accuracy. • Expect to be cautioned , warned, and given your Charter Rights . • Expect intensive questioning by the investigating detectives . This is their job and the more detailed and complete the file , the less likely it will be attacked down the road . • Do not become defensive with investigators. Co-operate, remember their position (as they should remember yours) , and if you do not want to make a statement or answer questions, that is your right. • Avail yourself of any psychological services plan. Most police agencies have this type of help available for post shooting incidents. If you are in an area too remote for this type of specialized assistance seek out interim assistance with a family doctor. Even if you escaped the event physically unhurt , you will have been psychologically wounded . Take care of yourself! Many police officers feel that a media void is left within which only one side of the situation is presented , causing severe psychological and morale damage to the members involved and to the Department as a whole. Law Enforcement agencies should seriously consider the non -release of an involved officer's name to the media . This is the present policy with the Vancouver Police Department. Law Enforcement agencies have a proactive responsibility as well to conduct and to provide the best possible training for its members. It is unfortunate that Police Commissions do not keep statistics, alongside its tables of "shots fired ", of high risk situations that are resolved without loss of life due to the courage and professionalism of the members involved . It is also regrettable that those who are forced into using deadly force in the protection of their own , or someone else's life, are not always acknowledged as they should .
April 1991
Artists and Computers Help Find People - Marjorie Sparkes -
V
ictims and criminals are easier to identify now, thanks to the high tech skills of Metro Toronto's Police Artists Bette Clark and Constable Dave Sills. With their IBM Personal System / 2 computer, Clark and Sills operate the Forensic Identification Services Bureau's Computer Aided Recovery Enhancement System (CARES) . In a matter of hours the CARES Section can accurately provide photographic images of victims, suspects or missing persons. Once the photo image is created personal information on the identified individual can be determined . Obtaining such information previously took months or even years. Now the Metropolitan Toronto Police is better equipped to prove that if you commit the crime, you will have to spend time behind bars. CARES was developed in 1986 as a joint venture between IBM Canada ltd . and the Metropolitan Toronto Police Force to establish a method to help locate children who have been missing for a long period of time. Clark, a volunteer artist for Metro's force at the time, and Mr. Rich Helms and his IBM team were instrumental in CARES development. As the study progressed they realized CARES could assist in reducing the extensive legwork associated with solving cases ranging from homicides to thefts. Introduced at first for aging missing children , the technique opens up various time -saving opportunities for policing Metro's communities. CARES can remove disguises from suspects photographed by security cameras, develop composite photos
from witnesses' description and produce photo line ups for witness identification . It can also rebuild a facial image from its skeletal form , age missing children or reduce the aging process in seniors. In 1990 CARES helped to solve 14 cases . In one case four children were found. "Finding these children who had been missing for more than 10 years was our proudest accomplishment, says Clark . "After all , children are the reason CARES exist toady." Now that IBM and CARES have joined forces , insufficient evidence doesn't necessarily have to hinder the success of policing. The Section has handled in vestigative work on cases dating back to 1968. It is willing to extend its services to any police organization in the world on a first-come first-served basis. Cases may be referred to CARES in any stage of an investigation. For additional information con tact Detective Inspector Gary Madrick or Detective Sergeant Marv Minor at (416) 324-6198 . • Final computer image
Police Artists B ette Cl arke and David Sil ls work on a computerized composite.
~A~p~n~'l~1~99~1__________________________________ ~ __________________________~B~ltW~L=t~·1W~M~a~g~·1W ~~
Handgun Vs. Revolvers
Response Proper Training And Equipment Is The Key - W.N. Burton -
O
ver the past months I have been reading and listening to quite a lot of information on this topic, most of it has been quite interesting and useful. However the recent articles by Steven Shepherd have motivated me to say a few words. I have never seen such a biased and slanted list of advantages and disadvantages associated to the pistol. I have a great deal of difficulty taking seriously the opinion of someone who can twist an advantage into several disadvantages. I get very angry when a person suggests that I, and officers everywhere, are too weak to load a magazine or too limp wristed to hold a pistol firm ly and just generally too stupid to learn how to use one. Mr Shepherd quotes test results from Illinois state police to illustrate the superior accuracy of the revolver. He fails to mention that in 1967 Illinois became the first U.S. state police to issue S&W Model 39 9MM autoloaders. This was done in response to a trooper who was killed by a .45 cal. slug from an autoloader while his revolver cylinder hung open and empty. Since the switch no problems have been en countered. The extra firepower com bined with the manual safety on the pistol have saved lives. Not one officer has been murdered with his own weapon since 1967 even though several have been disarmed . I also wonder why almost every U.S. police service has or is considering the switch to autoloaders . They have a vast knowledge of gunfights and are all too aware of the failings
Btu L i ne Magazine
associated to the revolver. I also have force them to teach us how to survive to wonder why most Canadian police a gunfight then lets get moving. As for forces issue autoloaders to their the non dedicated or skilled officer I'm emergency response teams, drug sure if they can learn how to use all units, dog handlers etc. It seems odd the new computer technology they to give an inferior weapon to so- can learn to shoot an autoloader. Another area that gets neglected and meone responding to armed confronfor no good reason is night shooting. tations regularly. Please don't suggest they get them Training is very limited and at least in because they're smarter or need them my case we're taught to use a more. Most shootings involve street flashlight and a one hand grip. officers caught by surprise. The need Anyone who has done this knows the is in the street and I won't even ad - one handed grip is not ideal. In ad dress the intelligence issue for obvious dition , giving the adversary a flashlight reasons. bullseye to shoot at can't be good and Mr. Hargreaves is on the right track finally you become immediately with his article, however he is mak- aware of a well lit wall of powder ing assumptions as well. He wishes to residue in the air which obliterates limit us to 9MM because of recoil. targets. In effect you are blind and Well yes the .40 S&W, lOMM and .45 your adversary has a nice round white cal do kick more, but the fact is they target. There are several 3 dot tritium are the only calibers at present that get night sights on the market which have the job done. The F.B.I. found out just been proven to retain 90 to 100 perhow inefficient the 9MM was and the cent of your daytime accuracy. They suspects on that fateful day in Miami allow a two handed grip and preclude weren't even wearing heavy winter the need for a flashlight. Since we enclothing which would have further counter most of our situations after hampered the bullet's effectiveness. dark I'm shocked that this area is so Lets not learn the same tragic lesson neglected . It can't be bad from an in and be responsible enough to benefit surance standpoint to have less errant rounds flying around , and it's a from theirs . If the military can train anyone who definite plus to the officer caught with walks off the street to shoot an a tricky flashlight switch or none at all. autoloader then I am sure the police We all know economics and politics offices in this country who have been are the real reasons this isn't being subjected to a stringent selection pro- done. I can't decide just how much cess can also. All it would take is a an officer is worth in monetary terms new commitment by the training bran- but I hope it's priceless. As for politics, ches and you 'd be surprised what we I'm sure the majority of citizens would can do. The present training is nothing like to see us better protected . more than an insurance safeguard and if it takes a change in weapon to
April 1991
Part 2
Police or Political Control - Connie Boyden This is the second of a 2 part series which was prepared in August last year by Connie Boyden for the Toronto based group "Concerned Citizens for Order, Peace and Security (C.c.o.P5.). It highlights potential problems with Bill 107: the Ontario Police Services Act. This Act has become quite controversial and is seen by many politicians as a model for other provinces to copy. This is the second of a two part series on the topic . Opposing opinions are welcome. Concerns About Scrutinizing Police Actions
T
he following comments reiterate points at Public Hearings prior to the passage of the Ontario Police Services Act which have not been addressed . With regards to Public Complaints Commission , these concerns are in the form of questions to be answered . The first one is: How does the Police Services Act ensure that people will not use the Complaints Procedure to create smoke-screens for their own illegal, or obnoxious, behaviour (i.e. outlining deterrents for misuse or abuse)? The Public Complaints Commission does more than just handle complaints in that it acts as an advisory body, as well as being involved in educational pursuits and outreach programs to the public. Perhaps it should be called the Ombudsman's Office. Since it cost Ontario tax payers several million dollars last year to dispose of 594 complaints, lawabiding people, as well as police officers, need to know that this Commission isn't going to be a large expense of minimal value because bona fide "wrong-doers" make the most use of its function . For example, an alleged drug dealer, whose lifestyle
almost guarantees police contact, has launched over 30 complaints against police officers. This requires investigative manpower. As a point of question , how many of the 200 withdrawn complaints (out of 594) were frivolous and deserving of counter action of some sort? The confidentiality of section 108 essentially protects abusers of the system from scrutiny by anyone wanting to deter misuse. The entire process must be seen to protect the police, as well as the public, from miscarriages of justice. If this Commission is not seen by police to be a "balanced" forum where difficulties are ironed out, then it will be perceived to be a "kangaroo" court. Furthermore, the tax payers should not have to pay for investigations that are essentially smoke-screens.
The 24 Hour Badge The second question is: What protection does an off-duty police officer have for his/ her personallife (i.e. defining what constitutes complaint parameters)? The police officer is often the "resident cop" in his or her home neighbourhood. As such , the personal life of the police officer and family members has always been affected by the weight of the "24-houra-day badge". Now, to make this worse, the Police Services Act does not clarify that a verbal dispute between neighbours won't become a government affair. No one wants to see a disreputable police officer play with the rules to escape punishment. However, any complaint system must be perceived to be fair and unbiased for everyone concerned . It also needs to ensure that abuse can be monitored and / or prevented . The Ontario Police
April 1991 IitiI ~------ ~
Services Act does not ensure these desirable outcomes.
Civilian Review Although not clearly spelled out in Section 113 the birth of the Special Investigative Unit means that civilian review exists and the provisions are now in place. A move in this direction , especially when morale is low, gives police management cause for concern . On the surface, civilian review seems like a good idea except for the psychological implications of the implicit message it gives to the police community. If a majority of police officers believe that they do their jobs to the best of their ability, why should a situation exist (backed up by law) that implies they do not? Research suggests that a majority of police officers investigate their own more carefully just to prove they are not biased . Furthermore, research also shows that 90.8% of research respondents agreed (57.7% in the "Strongly Agree" category) with the statement, "Police believe politicians appease pressure groups without considering the effect it has on policing': Therefore, Bill 107 does not enhance the things police officers believe they do well, but only seems to reinforce the mistrust police officers have of the political process as related to police matters. Another point to consider about civilian review is the implicit message given to the public. Does the message say that the majority of police may not have enough integrity to police their own? Fortunately, most of the public doesn't accept this perception and trust that the police want "bad apples" removed as much as anyone . However, advertising for people to make complaints against police
Blue Line Magazine
subtly damages the confidence of those who may never have dealings with police. [n addition , the media coverage which accentuates bad deeds, not good deeds, creates a worrisome public image. Seeds of doubt are planted that can create a selffulfilling prophecy.
Ba[ancing the Risk Police officers should not object to fair and unbiased scrutiny. However, the Police Services Act does not prevent misuse of the complaints procedure. Furthermore, the implicit threat of review of every action is becoming a "psychological handcuff" to enforcing the law. It makes many good police officers wonder if the risks are worth it. For example, one risk of concern to the Police Association has to do with indemnification of a police officer who acts in good faith , yet ends up with a guilty verdict when a review suggests an error of judgment. Section 50 of the Police Services Act needs to be amended to remove this as a concern by clarifying that all legal costs will be covered , except in the case of willful wrongdoings . ince a decision is often made without the benefit of time, or knowledge of all the factors at play, the police officer should not be penalized financially for enforcing the law under "fuzzy " circumstances, regardless of the outcome of 20 / 20 hindsight.
Conclusions First of all, the seeping power of a small number of individuals to make regulations for police activities by virtue of Ontario's Order in Council is an overriding concern . With the diversi ty of views multi-cultural poliCies en courage and the reality of narrowly focused lobby groups, it could be difficult for the Premier and Cabinet Ministers of the future to hear what the "silent majority" really wants their police forces to accomplish . As people start to question more vigorously
where tax dollars are being spent, this will become an issue. Secondly, the section outlining employment equity goals and objectives, while admirable in purpose, does not allocate responsibilities correctly. As such, the attempts to socially engineer the police structure has potentially serious repercussions. Using threats of suspension if unrealistic goals are not met, can lead to satisfying "quotas" for target groups, instead of ensuring quality of individuals as the primary guide. As well, being "singled out" creates unnecessary pressure to perform , just to show competence is the reason for the ad vancement - not favoured status. Respect of one's own abilities and respect for the abilities of others usually cannot be legislated effectively, but must be earned . Finally, other positions of authority (i.e. Cabinet Ministers, judges, appOinted offiCials, etc.) enjoy protective privilege, even when time is usually available to weigh options before making a decision . Decisions made by these individuals cannot be scrutinized to the same extent as those of police personnel. Perhaps the concept expressed earlier of checks and balances should be noted because these decisions have much greater impact on the law-abiding public. Perhaps the police community needs to be less, not more, under the control of government. The police officer is the front-line person in the justice system that keeps the majority of law-abiding people safe from harm . [t is all to easy to assume the security and safety enjoyed today will be maintained by motivated police personnel in the future. If law-abiding people are fearful of their sons or daughters being police officers, the question "why" needs to be addressed. If law-abiding people are concerned that police officers may not take the risks good police work involves, the question "why" needs to be addressed . The "silent majority" needs to become
-=B~lu=e~L=i~ne~M~ag~~ ~'ne~___________________________ ~
involved to ensure that politicians address these " why" questions effectively. Police forces have been criticized for not moving fast enough to change what some call "outdated thinking". It is a paradox that those leveling this criticism , or those trying to correct it, focus on police shortcomings and threaten punishment. These methods of producing behaviour change are themselves archaic! To attract and keep good police officers , conditions which suggest support and give encouragement need to be in place for the majority of hard working, honest police personnel. The Ontario Police Services Act does not facilitate the development of this environment. Sadly, this state of affairs affects everyone who appreciates the law and order we now enjoy.
Guest Writer Connie Boyden completed a Master's program in Counseling - Applied Psychology, at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (University of Toronto) . Her areas of interest are family counseling and substance abuse, particularly related to the police community. She has written major research, studies and papers on police officers distress. She has also written articles on "The Police Family", and "Policewomen" as well as field research on the major sources of stress in the police occupation. Her Master's research focused on the attitudes, perceptions and experience of police officers related to current issues.
We Have Moved! Blue Line Magazine 12A-4981 Hwy. 7 East Suite 254 Markham, Ontario LJR INI
April 1991
Regina Vs. Drda 1032-018 ~3 pages) ~~~-~~k
Choke hold makes refusal justified A suspected impaired driver who was rendered unconscious from a police choke hold has had his conviction overturned and his readings tossed out by a B.c. Court of Appeal. Madam Justice Carol Huddart said that the accused had a reasonable excuse to refuse a Breathalyzer demand because the choke hold deprived him of his "liberty and fundamental dignity as an individual." The case involved a man driving his car around 2 a .m . in June of 1989. As he was driving his car he noticed a delivery truck had stopped in front of him . The accused accelerated to pass the vehicle on the right side but failed to see a stopped police vehicle in the intersection ahead . He collided with the police vehicle. When approached by the investigating officer the accused was placed under arrest and his rights given to him . Upon hearing this the accused became un cooperative and at one point began
to walk away. The officer advised the accused to remain at the scene whereby the accused yelled at the officer that he could go where ever he wanted. In response to this the officer applied a choke-hold to the accused which caused him to lose consciousness for around 20 seconds. The accused was then taken to a police facility where he refused to supply a sample of his breath for analysis. At the original trial the court dismissed the Impaired charge but convicted the accused of refusing a breath test. Upon appeal to the higher court the ruling stated that "Although Mr. Drda was unpleasant , the evidence does not suggest that he was attacking or threatening in any way." The Justice continued by saying, "there is no indication that a lessor restraint would not have worked just as well. Although (the officer) had common law authority to detain the
appellant, he did not have the right to effect this end at any cost." Madam Justice Huddart continued by stating "our community is to be distinguished from that found in certain other countries in large part because we do not condone police brutality. We expect that our peace keepers will restrict the use of force to that which is necessary. (The officer's) actions demonstrated a total disregard for Mr. Drda's body integrity which easily passed the threshold of unfairness. Any other conclusion is, in my view, unreasonable." The court ruling stated that even if the officer's conduct was not meant to be malicious, it was outside the scope of what the accused could reasonably have anticipated and that this would certainly be a reasonable excuse to refuse to co-operate any further.
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B lue Line Magazine
Part 1
Careless Driving - Morley Lymburner -
T
his article is the first of a three part series on the offence of Careless Driving. This is a reprint update from the Blue line Magazine series first released in 1989. In this series you will read about the offence in Case Law and hopefully understand this much misunderstood offence. Much of what is written in this series owes credit to the dedicated efforts of Mr. Edward Gunraj the present legal advisor to the bylaw en forcement branch of Metropolitan Toronto. Mr. Gunraj has spent many years as a barrister, Provincial Prosecutor and senior magistrate and authored a training manual presently used by the Ontario Provincial Prosecutors Office. Although the writing style is mine most of the research was his.
Introduction The charge of careless driving is a greatly misunderstood and much maligned charge. Many people con sider it to be a catch-all charge. "If in doubt lay careless" is the phrase jokingly mentioned when some one is asking advice about an accident investigation . Many misconceptions abound about this hybrid offence. Many feel that careless driving is a degree of dangerous driving and as such should be used as a plea bargain tool that can be interchanged easily with it. This is a fallacy that in itself can be dangerous to your prosecution. A considerable amount of case law exists on the subject of careless driv ing and it is a subject important enough to spend considerable time discussing. Understanding the offence as well as the subtle strategies around
when and when not to use it is of paramount importance to a successful prosecution .
What Is Careless Driving? The charge of careless driving was defined by the Supreme Court of Canada in the case of Archer Vs . the Queen in 1955. At that time the offence was re-enacted to incorporate the two methods by which it can be committed. Before this case it was required of the Crown to prove that the defendant either "drove without reasonable consideration for others", OR "without due care and attention." The ruling effectively stated that the Crown did not have to do this. All the prosecution had to prove was that one of the two elements was present. Before "ARCHER" you could paraphrase it by saying the Crown had to call its shots . If an information said "Driving without reasonable consideration" but the evidence showed that the defendant "drove without due care and attention", then the defen dant walked .
The Defence to the Rescue You may have heard many defence attorneys refer to the case of Regina Vs. Beauchamp (1953). This is better known as the "grasping at straws defence." It probably means you have a strong case and the defence knows it. In this case a more appropriate charge would have been "Start From Stop Position - Not In Safety." However careless driving was the charge laid . The facts of the case are not important but the judge's ruling is. What the defence likes about Beauchamp is the
judge's feeling that the Crown must prove not only that the action was careless but further that "the conduct must be of such a nature that it can be considered a breach of duty to the public and deserving of punishment... and ... such a lack of care and atten tion as would be considered to be deserving of punishment as a crime or quasi-crime." For many years this defence stirred up a lot of mud in the courts. Since this ruling was made in 1953 the courts have blown it out of the water with Regina Vs. Jacobsen , Regina Vs. McIver, and O'Grady Vs. Sparling. These basically state that the offence of careless driving is merely an offence that is one of "strict liability" and there is no requirement for the Crown to prove an intend of any kind . Just that the offence was committed. This defence is still brought up on occasion and if a Crown is not sharp it can go by unchallenged .
Advertent and Inadvertent Negligence Several years ago the Supreme Court found that the Criminal Code offence of "Drive While Disqualified" was "ultra vires." What this meant was that the Federal Act could not duplicate an offence that was already on the books as a Provincial violation . In 1960 the same thing was attempted against the offence of careless driving. In O'Grady Vs. Sparling the defence attempted to say that careless driving was the same offence as dangerous driving under the Criminal Code. It did not work. The reason cited was that most offences under the Criminal Code have an element of willful intent attached to them that they termed "Advertent Negligence." The judge's reasoning in this case was that the Crown is not attempting to prove the accused set out to drive in this fashion but that he was merely found doing it. It was pointed out that if it is proved that the defendant mounted the vehicle with intent to Conti n ued on page 29
Btu L ine Magazine Apri l 1991 - - " - - - - - - - Iiif:j ~ ---------=---
Rap With Rock - Rock Dueck -
Justice For All?
C
algary is definitely a city of contrasts. In February of this year, twenty teenagers punched, kicked, whipped and generally abused a man at the intersection of a busy downtown Calgary street. The man, Robert Turley aged 47, was apparently pushing all of his worldly goods down the street when the attack took place. His "very valuable possessions" amounted to a shopping cart filled with empty pop and beer bottles. Street people, like Turley, are rarely a threat to anyone, but it would seem that his very existence inspired these kids to throw rocks and garbage at him . The situation was a beating which resulted in three cuts to Turley's head along with other bumps and bruises. For their 1920's Chicago style activities, these young people who fall within the provisions of the Young Offenders Act, may face charges that only result in minor consequences.
Compare this incident with the case of Herbert Cline, a 27 year veteran of the Calgary Police service. A few months ago Cline attended a domestic complaint during which he had occasion to strike a defiant male on the hand with his night stick. Although the hand is a proper target instructed in the force's training course, a small bone was broken in the subject's hand. The blows were delivered by the constable to convince the subject to comply with a police order to remove his hand from the door knob of his estranged cohabitant's home, and only after the order was ignored several times. When the subject did comply, no further action was taken and he was merely sent on his way. The hand injury has resulted in Cline being charged and convicted of "using too much force" and sentenced to 30 days in jail. An appeal by the Police Association has kept Cline free for the moment but he
Why you need The Five Minute PolieelDan:
is suspended without pay until the matter is finally resolved . In the first case, an unprovoked attack by apprentice gangsters will result in very limited consequences. In the second, a peace officer performing his duty is convicted of a criminal offence, suspended without pay, and potentially striped of his, up until now, unblemished career. Somehow this doesn't quite figure. Meanwhile, two of my less credible sources within the Calgary Police Service, Constables Magilla and Clyde, insist that the solution to the police problem is the issue of a different type of weapon, the "Nerf" night stick. Although this type would still be dangerous in the hands of these particular members, it would prevent future injuries to "poor offenders" from nice guys like Herb Cline. Many members have chosen not to carry any baton until the appeal is concluded sometime in April.
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1991 CALENDAR OF UP-COMING EVENTS May 1·3, 1991 "The Qualified Applicant Th e 90' Ch allenge" a lgary, Alberta The Calgary Police Service will host the Canadian Recruiter's Conference in Calgary, Alberta . Topics of discussion will include employment equity recruiting, setting stan · dards for recruiting, and removing the bias from the selection procedures. Organizers will be accepting further proposals for the seminar up to March 1st, 1991. For further information and details contact S/ Sgt. S. Lieskovsky at (403) 268·8481 or FAX (403) 26 -4515 . May 6· 9, 1991 " exual Abu e Developm ent Dyna m ic & Profil es" Pri n e Albert, a skatc hewan The Prince Albert City Police Department will be sponsoring a four day seminar on " exual Abuse Development Dynamics & Profiles." This four day seminar will involve several speakers including consultants Peter M. Welsh and Brent W. Warberg. Topics will Include understanding the development of juvenile sexual offenders and the issues in treating both the offender and the victim . Registration is $175.00 for three days or 50.00 for a single day. This seminar is limited to 200 persons. For further informa· tion contact: Chief of Police, Prince Albert City Police Department, 45·15th Street West, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan , S6V 3P4. Phone (306) 922-4441. May 12, 1991 Crimin a l In ident Communication Seminar Brandon , Manitoba The Brandon City Police will host a one day seminar on Critical Incident Communica· tion . This seminar is about communications and how its effective use can enhance of· ficer safety. It will be of benefit to both officers and dispatchers. For further inform· ation contact: Con staab Ie marc Alain at (204) 725· 2345 June 10·14, 1991 Uniformed afety Education ffi er Work hop Mi i auga , Ontario The annual Uniformed Safety Education Of· ficer Workshop will be held at the Stage West Hotel in Mississauga and sponsored by the Ontario Provincial Police. For further infor· mation and details contact Sgt. Tim Cooper (416) 965-4400.
Blue Line Magazine
June 17·21 , 1991 Ontario Association Of Chiefs Of Police Sudbury, Ontario The Sudbury Regional Police Force will be host to the Ontario Association of Chiefs of Police annual convention . For further details contact Sgt. O'Brian at (705) 675·9171 Ex.284 or 285 . June 24·27 , 1991 Violence & Aggression Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Correctional Service Canada and the University of Saskatchewan will be presenting the third ann ual symposium on Violence & Aggression . For further information contact (306) 966-5539 . June 27·29, 1991 Canada Cup Race Series Shannonville, Ontario The Canadian Police Officers Motorcycle Championships will be holding their annual Canada Cup Motorcycle Races at the Shannonville Raceway, just east of Belleville, Ontario. This an nual event is held in conjunction with FAST Motorcycle Training School. For further information about the race and lodgings contact Dave Stewart at (416) 831-2013 or John Fournier at (416) 831-8208. July 16·19, 1991 Canadian Identification Society Saint John , New Brunswick The Saint John Police Force will be host to "Conference '91" the ann ual conference and seminar for the Canadian Identification Society. Contact person is Constable Janet N. Holt at (506) 648-3297 or FAX (506) 648-3304. August 25·30, 1991 Canadian Association Of Chiefs Of Police London, Ontario The London Police Force will host the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police 86th annual convention. For furt her details call S upt. Elgin Austin at (519) 661-5677 or FAX (519) 438-7230. August 30 • September 1, 1991 Canadian National Police Combat Championships Winnipeg, Manitoba The Winnipeg Police Revolver Club will be host to this annual event that will be held at the Winnipeg Police Firearms Training Facility. This event will have over $15,000 worth of prizes. This event is limited to 300 pre-registered entrants only. For further information contact: Barry Chikowski,
71 Manorview Close, Winnipeg, Manitobe, R2P OB4 or phone (204) 633-3504. September 12·13, 1991 International Police Diver Symposium Burlington, Ontario This event will be held at the Canada Centre for Inland Waters in Burlington. The event is presented annually and is supported by several local police agencies and associations. The symposium gathers representatives from around the world and includes demonstrations, seminars and a trade show. Further details will be given in future issues. Contact: Rick Rozoski at (416) 575-1434. September 23·26 , 1991 Profile 2000 Toronto, Ontario The Metropolitan Toronto Police Sexual Assault Squad will present a four day sex crimes seminar. The seminar will be held at the Metropolitan Toronto Police Headquarters Auditorium. Several key-note speakers and international experts in the field are to be featured. Further information to be announced in upcoming issues . For further details and registration information , contact Det. Wendy Leaver at (416) 324-6060 or FAX (416) 324-0697 . September 25·30 , 1991 1991 World Championship Police Motorsport Paris, France The Canadian Police Officers Motorcycle Team will be sending a 20 member delega· tion to this international event. Other officers may attend at their own expense if they wish to have a memorable vacation . This can also include some practice races with the Canadian Team at Circuit Carole near Paris. The official carrier for the event is Air Canada and the Canadian participants will be leaving from Toronto on September 22nd . For further information contact John Fournier (416) 831-8208 or Dave Stewart at (416) 831-2013. October 21·23, 1991 Institute For The Prevention Of Child Abuse Toronto, Ontario The 9th Annual Conference of the Institute for the Prevention of Child Abuse will be held in Toronto, Ontario. Further details to be announced in upcoming issues. November 25·28, 1991 Canadian Organization Of Victim Assistance Victoria, British Columbia The Victoria Police Service will be presenting the Canadian Organization of Victim Assistance seminar. For further details contact the Victoria Police Service.
April 1991
p R o D u c T • N E w efforts by quickly providing comprehensive emergency response information . It is said to give on -scene commanders the necessary tools to effectively perform operational and management duties . Another advantage to the system SoftRisk is an emergency management solution that increases efficien - is to test and enhance the knowledge cies in response, planning and train - and ability of personnel in a wide ing of personnel. The program is a range of realistic circumstances. The comprehensive package that company claims that it is highly effecprioritizes persons, agencies, and ser- tive in training. The system has been most recentvice organizations to contact when a specific emergency arises . It also sets ly acquired by the Metro Toronto out a comprehensive response pro- Police Emergency Measures Office, cedure backed up with flow charts, Metro Toronto Department of Ammaps and diagrams on a colour com- bulance Services as well as the Canadian Petroleum Products Institute. The puter screen . Impact Research Group of Van - system has also been adopted by the couver states that this system can Canadian Emergency Preparedness operate on a network or stand alone College in Arnprior, Ontario. For further information contact computer. They advise that as a decision -making aid , it reduces I.R.G . at (604) 736-0012 or FAX response time and improves response (604) 736-8370.
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Continued from page 26
drive in a careless or reckless manner then the violation is criminal in nature. What is important to remember is that sometimes your case can be too strong. You just might go beyond carelessness and into the realm of intentionally driving in the manner they did . Once you have done this you may lose your careless charge. This is when you hear the judge state such things as "I find the action described as dangerous but not careless." If you find a judge who states this and dismisses your charge do not entertain laying a dangerous charge. You are only allowed on "kick at the cat." If you fail then the accused walks. Many of the old time JP's would hear many charges of careless driving that should have been dangerous driving.
They would convict for careless on the feeling that the officer gave the defen dant a real break by not going criminally. Those days are gone. Think about your evidence before you proceed to trail. A good prosecutor may help you if you are in doubt.
A Little Postal Trivia Blue Line Magazine gets a lot of enquiries about missing magazines. Here is a little trivia for you . Last year we had 1,235 magazines go missing out of the postal system . Most of these out of the Scarborough Postal Plant. The loss is even greater when replacements are considered. Blue Line has never gotten compensated and talking to other publishers it was found that the magazine got off
NEXT MONTH: Part 2 But What If .....
easy. (Over 55,000 magazines were distributed last year) . As of March 1st our postal rate went up 50% and we still have to sort it, label it, bag it, and truck it to the postal plant every fourth week. And now (Oh Joy! Oh Bliss!) the Publisher has found that next year he will pay 41 cents a piece (GST not included) for the privilege of using the postal system . (And one day the Publisher hopes to get rid of his eleven-year-old Chev!)
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Law Enforce For Special
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W
hen Richard LaM un yon of the Wichita Police Force first had the idea to have Law Enforcement Officers organize a Torch Run for Special Olympics in 1981, he had no idea the effect the project would have on Special Olympics around the world . Today over 70 Torch Runs happen annually in Canada, the USA, Trinidad , Great Britain, France and Jamaica. These runs raise over $5 million to support sport, recreation and fitness programs for people who are mentally handicapped . When Police Constable Lome White of the Metropolitan Toronto Police Force attended his first Torch Run Seminar in 1986, he too had no idea how the Torch Run would grow in Canada. After only five years of development, Torch Runs are now happening in nine provinces and it is estimated that over $1.1 million will be raised in 1991. The outstanding success story has been made possible because of the support of the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police (C.A.c.P.) , the provincial associations of Chief of Police, key organizers in each province and thousands of Law Enforcement personnel who carry the Torch.
What Is A Torch Run? Law Enforcement Torch Runs for Special Olympics involve Law En forcement personnel registering to run with the Torch on a deSignated route. Different agencies are assigned portions of the route and they handle the logistics . Runners pay a registration fee to participate and they receive a Torch Run T-shirt. Runners are also provided with receipt books so they can receive donations on behalf of the Torch Run and Special Olympics . The registration fee and corporate sponsorships cover all the operating Blue Li ne Magazine
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April 1991
ent Torch Run Olympics 91 costs of the run . This allows the run The Torch passes through comners to ensure donors that 100% of munities of all sizes. This provides the their donation is being used to pro- local agency with the opportunity to mote sport, physical recreation and organize a civic reception to promote . ~~- ti;~J'~Ea "~"B fitness programs for people who are their involvement. By having local !:~~l l~~~~ .l&c;.~~bJt~ '~>>:'L .">'.~_"'.l:!Ii:~... mentally handicapped. Special Olympics athletes and Ctj:><:~" 'r.~.;:.t;.t;;tR:J:~.: ." .!: !i:;;:.o.;;~t>tt~~i~:H:~:.... I~]~:? Many runners have taken up the coaches involved, Law Enforcement . ..:-t}r.t~~t.~.",.toi:';:-.K~::~t1··~ • ~" •••-..~:." ;:ii:r;;~r:>J:I·:-!:::r'·!'l·.I:!'l challenge of raising significant can show the public their involvement "~:'~tt~~1.• t;::=', ~~r.·"~~~~~:::i:i~:'~ ...,.t:lL amounts of money for Special Olym- with the community. '.'.;:;;;o---1:i< ::'' 00 V(rg:i:.t.::: ......... .,-r.:-;.i';.:-;.,... ..!t~::t'\. ~.I''' >':r,,=-;"1:·: ~I';t. pics. However, the real strength of the For many, the highlight of the Torch program is having many people in- Run is the "Final Leg". This involves ':l:';t~, I~!) {t~tr';:~NRi:.o-~~k;.: , t~ .~}:.::~.tt? I;.~I t!,,!::s"-~~~!'''~~::r volved and them all raising some carrying the Torch into the Opening ·};.r' ~r.t:"":::~i-i' ~ .~.:-f::';;c't ti-~~ .""Jo:~t!:l>."',!Sr. q':':'.:'-::::>~."w. ""'i:1 .. ~;,.:-. ","',:1" .' : :-""'?-"I l>;';'~ money. Ceremonies of a special Olympics ,.:.. ~i;r ::~~"' :!. ":;~':' >:>t>:;..~.... ·~tr..~11 It t~i~~~!:~r.~L Games. All runners are invited to par~':t.I 0!'9.'\."',~ . i:l •.....•, ......... . rJ:~ 'f.~t:~~~:.}~;~E~?i~:::S~rE~E~L1t· ticipate (although distance often ~1!:~.i:!-~ f:,.::.,~Ei"~ 'i~.~>;·'>i·::.;r·''''''':·i.~''' :ettr 'ifl:f:~~~~::':. '..;,::;.. ~~8:~:.~::"::;'8 Newfoundland/ Labrador prevents this) as the Torch is carried :::LiI .A.l:!{~i:1"'''i::. ~iI. ~~SE.i:~~!:'~~1:i!!>~~ ~!:'$;r ~~ ·>'::~:t:~:;::~~1 June 7 in and handed to a Special Olympics .r,o,..~ : :",=,""",,--,.'. ' ,", Only 3 agencies will be athlete to signify the Opening of the ,fi:i:l:~ ~; ...... , , represented from this pro· 1,;:".... @ (; ........... :-' }___•..•. l'l', vince but they will produce Games. Athletes and spectators all . ('r·................... ......... ..... .... ]( u: ~h over 100 runners between 'f-:' : :~ cheer the runners in what is often an j . . r»»»>:-:.J f >!>!i:~•.~ them. They expect to collect emotional moment. Runners who " . . . . . .... • ~~ . , .'. • over $2,000 after running 96 ,' ..... .............. ~:'.~"-.~, . ~ ... ~:.;.:.::::!-, km . Contact \'s Sgt. Crawley have had the opportunity to be in,~ ... , ... . .. .. r, ... .. \ ·.·.·.'l volved in this Ceremony remember the experience.
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How Do I Get Involved?
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July 7 • ....,'... ' . . . . . . . . Canada s smallest province is ::: :~~.:< .:.:( - :: 1 :'····· ......... . expected to produce over I. . . . . . . . , Ir: ":-t '1.. ~',"7,1 ~ ..... . : . :.:.:. :.:. 110 law enforcement officers :.:.:.: .:.:/ I:: :':'::: :::;:: ~~"~ ~ ~ '.' . '.'.'.'.' who will run over 350 km . . .... .. ...:.... I ;:::: ::::::::::~~, ~i :::::::::::: These runners will represent 7 ':':«~::,\~?n:
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Ontario May 30 to June 13 The largest number of run · ners are expected to run here. Estimates indicate over 4.000 runners will cover 6,400 km . It will include the co· operation of 120 law enforcement agencies and it is expected to generate over $500,000. Contact person is PI C Lorne White (416)
324·0515.
tact is PI C Alan Kelly (902) :',
368·2677.
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1 ~ i"r.r:I :::::::: :::: :::::::: : }/~?:( >}: ~J:;.:~) .{t~~ . · . ... . .. .. . ,' \.,"." 1 ..... ...... ~.~ :.:.: ~ Nova Scotia ................... ,Fr' I: ::::::::: : rt,i;lil;f::~~~~1 May 19 to 31 ··'.' . . . . . . . ./ .• t::.; .; .; .~ .;!:;.tr.:;j:' . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ... . ( ...... -: .... ;l..
· '. New Brunswick L;.;:: :: :':':'r'ia:l::'~~~'" · :. May 27 to June 7 1;.)".• ~f.f.f.W· . . Over 1,400 km of road will be ~1;~r.~~iii' '... under the feet of 400 law en· ~.::r;l:l forcement personnel from New Brunswick. The runners represent 12 agencies and are targeted to raise $50,000. Contact is Dennis Atchison
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(506) 459·3999.
Canada's East Coast runners will circle the Province as 200 law enforcement officers cover 1,000 km for the Special Olympics. It is ex· pected that over 50 agencies will collect $50,000. Contact is Cpl. Fred Gallop (902)
426· 7127 .
Any person involved in Law Enforcement can be involved. You do not have to be a runner. Simply call the contact person in your province. As a volunteer you may be called on to help with logistics, drive a support vehicle, take pictures or act as Master of Ceremonies at a reception. Of course, runners are needed and the goal is to raise awareness and money for Special Olympics. But whatever your area of expertise, there is a job for you. What If There Is No Torch Run In My Area?
If there is no Torch Run and you would like to know more about organizing one, please call Pc. Lome White (416) 324-0515 or Mark Woods (416) 927-9050. Blue Line Magazine
BMW SPELLS SAFETY ON THE JOB IN JUST THREE LmERS: ABS Most motorcycle manufacturers put their engineering skill to work getting you going . At BMW we put our best minds to work getting you stopped . Safely. Anti -lock braking systems (ABS) have been used for years on aircraft and high performance cars. Now, BMW has integrated this state of the art technology into our motorcycles, including the K1 DOLT Police model.
HOW IT WORKS The ABS system uses an on board computer to monitor front and rear wheel brakes. When ABS senses the brakes are about to lock, it reduces pressure in the wheel brake cylinder up to 7 times a second , and continues to do so until the risk of lock-up has been eliminated.
The BMW K100LT: The police motorcycle incorporates the ABS system designed to give the officer more control in any road conditions, from dry pavement to rain, sleet, sand or oil patches.
Front and rear toothed sensors are constantly monitored by an electronic control unit to determine when Intervention by ABS is necessary.
From the officer's perspective, the only change in sensation is an incredible increase in straight line stopping ability. Even applying full brakes in an emergency straight line stop, full control of the motorcycle can be maintained . BMW motorcycles are in active use by police departments in 100 countries around the world. We know what you ' re facing on the streets in congested traffic areas, and what unexpected demands are put on you and your machine. On rain-slick city streets, BMW can provide that additional edge. And in normal traffic conditions, ABS will give you the confidence to stop consistently in the shortest possible distance.
The outrigger-equipped motorcycle, without ABS , has locked up the wheels and lost stability during hard braking, on wet pavement (right) . The ABS-equipped tllke remains upright and controllable under the same conditions (left) .
WE HAVE WHAT YOU NEED TO GET HOME SAFELY BMW Police motorcycles and equipment are designed to meet the challenges you face on the job. The BMW System Helmet II has been positively accepted by major Canadian police forces. BMW protective suits, cold weather and rainwear all meet the toughest on the job challenges. Your job is tough enough. BMW wants to help you make it a bit safer.
BMW's System Helmet II : a unique frontopening design ideal for police use.
I Contact Tony Fletcher at BMW Canada Inc., 920 Champlain Court, Wh itby Ontar i o L 1 N 6K9 or call (416) 683-1200.
RESPONSIBILITY MEANS NO COMPROMISE