Globally Threatened Amphibian Species
245
EN Ecnomiohyla fimbrimembra (Taylor, 1948) Endangered B1ab(iii) Order, Family: Anura, Hylidae Country Distribution: Costa Rica, Panama Current Population Trend: Decreasing
© Jessica Alison
Geographic Range This species occurs on the slopes of the Cordillera de Tilarán, Cordillera Central, and Cordillera de Talamanca of Costa Rica and western Panama, from 750-1,900m asl (Savage 2002). It almost certainly occurs more widely than has been mapped, and is also probably found between known sites. Population Because this is a high-canopy species, it is overlooked, and it is therefore hard to assess its population status. Habitat and Ecology This is a nocturnal canopy species associated with primary humid premontane and lower montane forest. Breeding, egg deposition and larval development take place within tree-holes. Major Threats The main threat is general habitat loss as a result of deforestation due primarily to the clearing of land for livestock ranching. Conservation Measures The species has been recorded from Parque Internacional La Amistad, Panama, and in more than three protected areas within Costa Rica. Notes on taxonomy: This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Ecnomiohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). Bibliography: Duellman, W.E. (2001), Faivovich, J. et al. (2005), Hayes, M.P., Pounds, J.A. and Robinson, D.C. (1986), Ibanez, D.R. et al. (1991), Ibáñez, R. et al. (2000), Savage, J.M. (1981), Savage, J.M. (2002), Young, B. et al. (1999) Data Providers: Frank Solís, Roberto Ibáñez, Gerardo Chaves, Jay Savage, César Jaramillo, Querube Fuenmayor
VU Ecnomiohyla miliaria (Cope, 1886) Vulnerable B1ab(iii) Order, Family: Anura, Hylidae Country Distribution: Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama Current Population Trend: Decreasing
Geographic Range This species is known from humid lowlands and premontane slopes from south-eastern Nicaragua to south-eastern Costa Rica on the Atlantic versant (20-900m asl), and on the Pacific versant in humid premontane areas of south-western Costa Rica and western and central Panama, at 1,000-1,330m asl (Savage 2002). It is expected to have a wider distribution than is currently known. Population There is no information on the population status of this rarely seen, high-canopy species. Habitat and Ecology This is a nocturnal canopy species of primary humid lowland and montane forest. Eggs are deposited in tree holes, which is also where the larvae develop. Major Threats The major threat is loss of primary forest habitat due to agricultural expansion, logging, and human settlement. Conservation Measures The species has been recorded from several protected areas in both Panama and Costa Rica. Further surveys are required to fully determine the range of this species. © Brian Kubicki
Notes on taxonomy: This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Ecnomiohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). We follow Duellman (2001) and Savage (2002) in assigning records from Colombia and Ecuador to Ecnomiohyla phantasmagoria. Bibliography: Duellman, W.E. (1970), Duellman, W.E. (2001), Faivovich, J. et al. (2005), Ibáñez, R. et al. (2000), McCranie, J.R., Townsend, J.H. and Wilson, L.D. (2003), Pounds, J.A. et al. (1997), Savage, J.M. (2002), Wilson, L.D., McCranie, J.R. and Williams, K.L. (1985), Young, B. et al. (1999) Data Providers: Frank Solís, Roberto Ibáñez, Gerardo Chaves, Jay Savage, César Jaramillo, Querube Fuenmayor
EN Ecnomiohyla minera (Wilson, McCranie and Williams, 1985) Geographic Range This species is known from two disjunct populations, in the Municipio de Purulhá, in the department of Baja Verapaz, and the Sierra de Santa Cruz, Izabal Department, both in Guatemala, at 700-1,830m asl. It has been reported, but not collected, from the Reserva de la Biósfera Sierra de las Minas (this locality is not mapped here). Population It has always been rare, and has not been seen since 1994, although there have been no recent searches specifically targeting this species. Habitat and Ecology It occurs in the vegetation of pristine cloud forest, and is assumed to breed in tree cavities or bromeliads. Major Threats The main threat to this species is habitat loss, primarily due to agriculture, logging, and expanding ornamental plant farms. Conservation Measures It occurs close to Biotopo del Quetzal, and possibly occurs in the Reserva de la Biósfera Sierra de las Minas. The cloud forest habitat of this species is in need of further protection.
© Hylid Frogs of Middle America, 2001, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles
Endangered B1ab(iii) Order, Family: Anura, Hylidae Country Distribution: Guatemala Current Population Trend: Decreasing
Notes on taxonomy: This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Ecnomiohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). Bibliography: Campbell, J.A. (1998), Faivovich, J. et al. (2005), Lee, J.C. (1996), Wilson, L.D., McCranie, J.R. and Williams, K.L. (1985) Data Providers: Manuel Acevedo, Bruce Young
EN Ecnomiohyla phantasmagoria (Dunn, 1943) Endangered B1ab(iii) Order, Family: Anura, Hylidae Country Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador Current Population Trend: Decreasing
Geographic Range This species is known only from two localities nearly 1,000km apart from each other: Río Cauca, near the border of Antioquia and Bolivar Departments in north-western Colombia; and extreme north-western Esmeraldas Province, in Ecuador, at 500m. It is likely to occur between these two localities. Population It appears to be an extremely rare species, though this might be an artefact of it being a canopy species that is very hard to detect. Habitat and Ecology It is an inhabitant of the canopy of rainforest, and probably breeds in tree holes. Major Threats The major threats are likely to be deforestation for agricultural development, planting of illegal crops, logging, and human settlement, and pollution resulting from the spraying of illegal crops. Both localities from which is has been recorded are seriously threatened, with the only known site in Colombia particularly threatened by the expansion of livestock farming.
Conservation Measures It is not known from any protected areas, and habitat protection is urgently required. Further survey work is necessary to determine the current population status of this species and the limits of its range. Notes on taxonomy: This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Ecnomiohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). We follow Duellman (2001) and Savage (2002) in considering this as a species distinct from Ecnomiohyla miliaria. Bibliography: Duellman, W.E. (2001), Faivovich, J. et al. (2005), Rueda-Almonacid, J.V. (1999), Savage, J.M. (2002) Data Providers: Karl-Heinz Jungfer, Juan Manuel Renjifo