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In This Issue + Staff Updates
+ DTX Milk Production Report
+ Agrarian Solutions Partner Program
+ Mycotoxin testing at Dairyland Labs
+ DTX Reproduction Report
+ Mycotoxin Report | Apr. 1 - Sept. 30
A Letter from the Vice President of Nutrition at Agrarian Solutions® After feeding a challenging 2022 corn silage crop and corn by-products, the industry was looking forward to a lower mycotoxin-contaminated feed inventory in Fall 2023. Early corn silage and corn grain assays suggest some areas in the US will have cleaner feeds for the next year, while the challenges will continue for other regions. The following data tables and maps report the mycotoxin assay results from April 1, 2023 through Sept 30, 2023, and admittedly are a mix of 2022 feeds and 2023-harvested feed ingredients. My personal review of numerous mycotoxin assays across the US indicates that 2023 feeds will be a repeat of 2022. Agrarian Solutions is making a major effort to identify crop year on as many feedstuff assays as possible to clarify year-to-year trends. Let me encourage you to participate by noting crop year on your sample submission forms when such information is available. The recently released DTX Concentrate study confirms 25 years of field experience for the product providing effective mycotoxin protection. The research results will be presented at upcoming scientific meetings and published in a peer-reviewed journal. Please contact your local Agrarian representative or myself for a personal review of the study and its implications for your clients. Agrarian Solutions greatly appreciates your support and we will soon be introducing new collaborative efforts to strengthen the success of you and your clients. Looking forward to the future, Larry Roth, Ph.D., PAS Vice President of Nutrition Agrarian Solutions
(574) 825-1224 office@agrsol.com agrariansolutions.com
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Agrarian Solutions® RISE Newsletter | Fall 2023
Agrarian Solutions® Team
Mark Lantz President
Rob Hamaker Vice President, Sales & Marketing
Mark Carpenter Executive Vice President, General Manager
John Doerr, Ph.D., PAS, Dpl. ACAP Vice President, Science & Technology
Larry Roth,, Ph.D., PAS Vice President of Nutrition
Nic Bradley Director of Operations
Scott Zehr Business Development Manager
Chad Christensen Regional Sales Manager Midwest Plains Region
Dan Hoying Regional Sales Manager Midwest Region
Jamie Peth Regional Sales Manager West Coast
Cody Cline International Account Manager
Kelbi Veenstra Office Manager
Mary Taylor Administrative Assistant
Kelly Bristle ALL IN Community Manger
3
Agrarian Solutions® Team Staff Updates JOHN DOERR Vice President, Science & Technology
Dr. John Doerr will be retiring from Agrarian at the end of 2023. Dr. Doerr has been associated with Agrarian for over 30 years and has been a full time Agrarian employee since 2008. He has literally trained hundreds of people on the effects of mycotoxins on various species of livestock. He has been instrumental in illuminating the Agrarian L-form technology to our loyal customers and distributors throughout the world. I cannot think of a better teacher nor a more dedicated ambassador for the Agrarian technology. Many, including all of us who work for Agrarian, have benefited from his research and training. Words cannot express our sincere thanks to Dr. Doerr for his contributions to Agrarian, both personally and professionally. Please feel free to express your appreciation to Dr. Doerr for his many years of outstanding service to our industry.
CODY CLINE International Account Manager
Cody Cline recently joined our company as our International Account Manager. With Cody’s dedication and desire to learn, he will contribute significantly to enhancing our international business relationships and providing exceptional service to our international partners. After completing his university degree, Cody spent a few years in business before moving to Shanghai, China where he taught school to 4th and 5th grade students. After four years in China, he moved back to the U.S. and completed his Professional MBA at Belmont University in Nashville, TN. The focus of his degree was International Business. The relationship between Agrarian Solutions and our international distributors is highly valued and their satisfaction is of utmost importance to us. With Cody on board, we aim to provide them with even more personalized and efficient service, tailored to their specific needs. He will be the main point of contact for all matters related to our international efforts, and he will work closely with our partners to ensure seamless communication, swift solutions, and mutually beneficial outcomes. Cody is enthusiastic about getting to know our customers personally and learning more about their unique requirements and future goals. He has been reaching out directly to introduce himself further and gather unique insights about each organization. We encourage all our international distributors to share any feedback or suggestions they may have with Cody, as their input is invaluable to us. Please direct any questions or concerns to Cody directly at ccline@agrsol.com. Alternatively, you can always contact me, Mark Lantz at mlantz@agrsol.com, and I will be more than happy to assist you. Agrarian is very thankful for the great support of our international partners. We greatly appreciate their business and Agrarian remains committed to delivering excellence at every step.
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Agrarian Solutions® RISE Newsletter | Fall 2023
Are You Taking Advantage of the Services Agrarian Solutions® Provides You? Agrarian Solutions is committed to nutritionists and helping them succeed! As part of this commitment, Agrarian Solutions is offering complementary, state-of-the art mycotoxin testing at Dairyland Labs to you and your customers. When you send samples to Dairyland Labs you can be assured that we are using one method of analysis that is suitable for all feed types. HPLC-MS/MS with Stable Isotopes - is the Gold Standard Method/State of the art technology. Perform multiple toxins in one analysis. Confidence in Identification – This method determines mycotoxins on a molecular weight basis (mass to charge ratio) by identifying the compound of interest and fragments this compound for confirmation and quantitation. Consistent results across feed types. Reduced matrix interference – especially true for samples that are forage based or TMR’s. Decrease incidence of false positive results. HPLC-MS/MS with Stable Isotopes is highly accurate, has great specificity and is very repeatable. By offering mycotoxin testing in services in-house at Dairyland, we are ensuring nutritionists receive reliable results from the lab they trust, while vastly improving the turnaround time for results to 2 – 5 days in the lab. Dairyland is one of the few commercially independent labs in the US offering In-House HPLC/MS/MS with Stable Isotopes Mycotoxin Analysis. Contact Agrarian Solutions and let us be your partner to help you make the best decisions with your mycotoxin protection recommendations!
Chad Christensen
Jeff Hostetter
Dan Hoying
Jamie Peth
Scott Zehr
e eerxsistsutco cheeeldp ! w oth
cchristensen@agrsol.com 651-764-2175
dhoying@agrsol.com 419-852-1203
szehr@agrsol.com 315-222-6796
jhostetter@premierselect.com 717-228-4717
jpeth@agrsol.com 253-255-6697
m
5
Supplementing Select DTX™ to Early-Lactation Holstein Cows Challenged by Mycotoxins Improves Milk Production Previous research studies have documented the reduced milk production associated with feeding mycotoxin-contaminated diets. Recent research indicates that commonly used mycotoxin protection products are often more effective for binding nutrients than the targeted mycotoxins. In farm conditions for 25 years, dairy professionals have cited the ability of the unique Select DTX product to support milk production when cows are challenged by mycotoxins. This study was conducted at a large, high-performing Holstein herd to demonstrate the benefits of DTX when lactating dairy cows are challenged by DON and zearalenone¹. PROCEDURES The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial from August 29, 2022 to May 28, 2023, in New York, at a 3,600-cow commercial dairy farm experienced in conducting commercial feed additive research. After entering the dry pen, Holstein cows were blocked by lactation group, expected calving date and stratified by lactation (1st, 2nd, 3rd+), and then randomized to either a control group (base ration without DTX; control) or a treatment group (base ration with DTX; DTX). The study was conducted with a control premix (no DTX) or a DTX premix (providing a minimum of 9 g DTX/cow/d to the lowest DMI pen (1st lactation, 50 lb DMI/d) with an average DTX intake of 10.34 g/cow/d. Daily feed mixing, delivery time, weight and daily refusals per pen were according to the Dairy’s standard feed mixing protocol and recorded using FeedWatch®. Dry matter intake (DMI) was statistically analyzed for the entire 40-week study even though the trial pens were not full of randomized cows. Samples of each pen’s TMR were obtained initially twice per month and then monthly for mycotoxin analyses (Actlabs).
The cows were milked in accordance with the dairy’s standard milking routine (3X/d) and daily individual milk weights were recorded using the Afimilk® system. Milk components and quality were evaluated by twice weekly pen level string samples using the QualiTru® sampling system and analyzed by Dairy One Lab. Reproduction protocols and results are reported in an accompanying technical report. Statistical analysis was conducted with individual cows as the experimental units for daily milk production, and pen was the experimental unit for measurements such as dry matter intake (DMI), weekly milk components and quality. Continuous variables were analyzed for treatment effect with mixed linear regression models allowing for repeated measurements as needed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The description of cows by lactation and research group utilized in the study are listed in Table 1.
Table 1. Number of Holstein Cows by Lactation and Research Group.
Lactation Number
Control
DTX
1
133
131
2
118
127
3+
212
205
Total
463
463
The TMR contamination levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) (Figure 1) and zearalenone (Zea) (Figure 2) recorded throughout the study did not differ between the research groups for DON (P=0.60) (1,572 ppb and 1,560 ppb for control and DTX, respectively) or Zea (P=0.08)(150 ppb and 143 ppb for control and DTX, respectively).
¹Dairy Health and Management Services
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® Agrarian Solutions585 RISE Newsletter | Fall 2023IN 46550 Shawnee St, Nappanee, • (574) 825-1224 • office@agrsol.com • agrariansolutions.com
Total Mixed Ration Contamination Levels of Deoxynivalenol (Figure 1) and Zearalenone (Figure 2) by Measurement Date.
control (115.3 lb/d) group (Figure 5). Weekly feed efficiency at the pen-level did not differ (P=0.99) between the control (1.53) and the DTX (1.52) pens. Figure 4. Effect of DTX Supplementation on Daily Milk Production by First-lactation Holstein Cows.
Figure 1.
Daily Milk Production (lbs)
1,900
DON, ppb
1,425 950 475 0
9/6/22
10/5/22
12/7/22
2/7/23
90 67.5 45 22.5 0
1
25
Control
DTX
Date Control
Daily Milk Production (lbs)
Zea, ppb
225 150 75
10/5/22
12/7/22
2/7/23
Date Control
105 70 35 0
0
8
16
24
32
40
48
56
64
72
80
88
96
104 112 120 128 136 144
Days in Milk
Figure 3. Effect of DTX Supplementation on Daily Dry Matter Intake by Lactating Holstein Cows.
Control
DTX
Pen-level milk fat (P=0.75), protein (P=0.94) and solids non-fat (SNF) (P=0.54) did not differ between the research groups (Table 2). The SCC was higher (P=0.02) for DTX cows than control cows. Milk components and quality was not determined for individual cows in the research groups. Table 2. Effect of DTX Supplementation on Milk Components and SCC for Lactating Holstein Cows.
70
Dry Matter Intake (lbs)
145
140
DTX
The DMI by week of trial did not differ between the research groups, and there were no individual weeks with a statistical difference between the treatments (Figure 3). The median DMI throughout the study was 61.2 lb for the control and 60.5 lb for the DTX pens.
Control
DTX
P - value
% Fat
4.15
4.12
0.75
% Protein
3.16
3.17
0.94
% SNF
5.82
5.82
0.54
SCC (x1000)
143.04
161.29
0.02
65 60 55 50
121
Figure 5. Effect of DTX Supplementation on Daily Milk Production by 2nd-and Greater-lactation Holstein Cows
300
9/6/22
97
73
Days in Milk
DTX
Figure 2.
0
49
0
10
20
30
40
Week of Trial Control
DTX
CONCLUSIONS
For 1st-lactation cows, the control (82.1 lb/d) and DTX (81.8 lb/d) groups did not differ (P=0.33) in daily milk production (Figure 4). Supplementing DTX (117.8 lb/d) increased (P=0.0001) daily milk production for 2nd- and greater-lactation cows compared to the
Supplementing DTX to lactating Holstein cows when consuming a mycotoxin-contaminated diet during the first 150 DIM resulted in greater milk production for multiple-lactation cows.
585 Shawnee St, Nappanee, IN 46550 • (574) 825-1224 • office@agrsol.com • agrariansolutions.com
7
Supplementing Select DTX™ to Early-lactation Holstein Cows Challenged by Mycotoxins Improves Pregnancy Rate Feeding mycotoxin-contaminated diets to early-lactation dairy cows often impairs reproductive success. Dairy producers and nutritionists have been supplementing the Select DTX product to lactating dairy cows and observing improved pregnancy rates for over 25 years. This study was conducted at a large, high-performing Holstein herd to demonstrate the reproductive benefits of feeding DTX to early-lactation dairy cows when challenged by deoxynivalenol- (DON) and zearalenone-contaminated diets¹. PROCEDURES The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial from August 29, 2022 to May 28, 2023, in New York, at a 3,600-cow commercial dairy farm experienced in conducting commercial feed additive research. After entering the dry pen, Holstein cows were blocked by lactation group, expected calving date and stratified by lactation (1st, 2nd, 3rd+), and then randomized to research groups with dietary treatments beginning at calving. Depending upon the research group assignment, upon freshening the cows entered either a control group (base ration without DTX; control; 463 cows) or a treatment group (base ration with DTX; DTX; 463 cows). The study was conducted with a control premix (no DTX) or a DTX premix (providing a minimum of 9 g DTX/cow/d to the lowest DMI pen (1st lactation. 50 lb DMI/d) with an average DTX intake of 10.34 g/cow/d for all cows. Feeding practices and recording, as well as milking procedures and measurements are reported in a separate technical report. Samples of each pen’s TMR were obtained initially twice per month and then monthly for mycotoxin analyses (ActLabs). A standard presynch-ovsynch program was utilized to synchronize cows for first service at 73+3 DIM . Approximately 90% of 1st-lactation and 99% of 2nd- and 3rd-lactation cows received an embryo at first breeding, with the remainder being of exceptional genetic value and being serviced by artificial insemination (AI). All 4th- and greater-lactation cows were serviced with conventional beef semen. The initial pregnancy diagnosis was at 28-34 d post-service and final pregnancy determination at 61-67 d post-service. Records of breeding method, date, technician, as well as date and outcome of pregnancy diagnosis were recorded in DC305. Statistical analysis was conducted with individual cows as the experimental units. Pregnancy outcomes were analyzed with mixed linear regression models with terms for treatment, lactation number, breeding method and the interactions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The description of cows by lactation and research group utilized in the study are listed in Table 1. The TMR contamination levels of DON (Figure 1) and zearalenone (Zea) (Figure 2) recorded throughout the study did not differ between the research groups for DON (P=0.60) (1,572 ppb and 1,560 ppb for control and DTX, respectively) or Zea (P=0.08)(150 ppb and 143 ppb for control and DTX, respectively).
Table 1. Number of Holstein Cows by Lactation and Research Group.
Lactation Number
Control
DTX
1
133
131
2
118
127
3+
212
205
Total
463
463
¹Dairy Health and Management Services
8
® Agrarian Solutions585 RISE Newsletter | Fall 2023IN 46550 Shawnee St, Nappanee, • (574) 825-1224 • office@agrsol.com • agrariansolutions.com
Total Mixed Ration Contamination Levels of Deoxynivalenol (Figure 1) and Zearalenone (Figure 2) by Measurement Date. Figure 1.
Figure 2.
1,425
225
Zea, ppb
300
DON, ppb
1,900
950 475 0
9/6/22
Control
DTX
10/5/22
12/7/22
150 75 0
2/7/23
Date
9/6/22
Control
10/5/22
12/7/22
2/7/23
Date
DTX
A summary of reproductive outcome as influenced by DTX supplementation and service technique is displayed in Table 2. A greater proportion (P=0.035) of DTX cows (45.0%) were initially pregnant (d 28-34 post-service) at first service than control cows (37.7%). The control cows (19.6%) and DTX cows (19.1%) did not differ (P=0.83) for pregnancy losses at d 61-67 post-first service. The final proportion of cows pregnant d 61-67 post-first service tended to be greater (P=0.06) for DTX cows (36.4%) than control cows (30.3%). Table 2. The Effect of DTX Supplementation to Early-Lactation Holstein Cows on Reproductive Outcome.
1ˢᵗ - Lactation
2nd - and Greater Lactation
All Lactations
P - values
Control
DTX
Control
DTX
Control
DTX
Trt
Lact
TxL
Cows serviced, % (No. serviced/No. available)
94.0 (125/133)
94.7 (124/131)
85.5 (282/330)
89.8 (298/332)
87.9 (407/463)
91.1 (422/463)
0.37
0.004
0.64
DIM 1st Service
73.5 ± 0.4
73.4 ± 04
72.9 ± 0.2
73.1 ± 0.2
72.9 ± 0.2
73.1 ± 0.2 0.97
<0.001
0.66
Service technique,% (No. tech./No. serviced) Estrus, %
4.8 (6/125)
4.8 (6/124)
4.6 (13/282)
5.0 (15/298)
4.7 (19/407)
5.0 (21/422)
ET¹, %
87.2 (109/125)
85.5 (106/124)
62.8 (177/282)
63.4 (189/298)
70.3 (286/407)
69.9 (295/422)
TAI²
8.0 (10/125)
9.7 (12/124)
32.6 (92/282)
31.5 (94/298)
25.1 (102/407)
25.1 (106/422)
Initial Pregnancy, % (No. preg/No. serviced)
32.8 (41/125)
41.1 (51/124)
39.9 (122/282)
46.6 (138/298)
37.7 (153/407)
45.0 (189/422)
0.04
0.09
0.79
Preg. Loss, % (No. lost/ No. Preg)
17.1 (7/41)
21.6 (11/51)
20.5 (23/122)
18.1 (25/138)
19.6 (30/153)
19.1 (36/189)
0.83
0.99
0.48
Final Preg., % (No. Preg./ No. Serviced)
27.2 (34/125)
32.3 (40/124)
31.7 (89/282)
38.2 (113/298)
30.3 (123/407)
36.4 (153/422)
0.06
0.15
0.89
¹Embryo Transfer • ²Timed artificial insemination
Table 3 displays reproductive outcomes as influenced by DTX supplementation and service technique at first service. For both artificial insemination and embryo transfer techniques, DTX supplementation improved the initial and final pregnancy rates. There was not a statistical interaction between DTX supplementation and service technique. Table 3. Effect of DTX™ Supplementation to Early-Lactation Holstein Cows and Service Technique on Reproductive Success.
Service Technique¹ Artificial Insemination
Embryo Transfer
P - values
Control
DTX
Control
DTX
ST¹
TRT x ST
Initial Pregnancy, % (No. preg/No. serviced)
45 (54/120)
52.0 (65/125)
34.6 (99/286)
42.0 (124/295)
0.02
0.98
Pregnancy loss, % (No. loss/No. preg)
18.5 (10/54)
9.2 (6/65)
20.2 (20/99)
24.2 (30/124)
0.04
0.15
Final pregnancy, % (No. preg/No. serviced)
36.7 (44/120)
47.2 (59/125)
27.6 (79/286)
31.9 (94/295)
0.01
0.47
¹Artificial Insemination vs. Embryo Transfer
CONCLUSIONS Supplementing DTX to lactating Holstein cows when consuming a mycotoxin-contaminated diet during the first 150 DIM increased the initial pregnancy rate at d 28-34 post-first service and tended to increase the final pregnancy rate at d 61-67 post-first service. The improved initial and final pregnancy rates due to DTX supplementation was evident for both artificial insemination and embryo transfer. 585 Shawnee St, Nappanee, IN 46550 • (574) 825-1224 • office@agrsol.com • agrariansolutions.com
9
FEED MANUFACTURERS / INDEPENDENT NUTRITIONISTS
Agrarian Solutions® Partner Support Program Agrarian Solutions® actively seeks to develop partner relationships with Feed Manufacturers and Independent Nutritionists to enhance their dairy clients’ profitability and long-term success. The Partner Support Program is funded by Agrarian Solutions. Quarterly, we will contribute 1% of the Agrarian products purchased by a feed manufacturer or independent nutritionist. The Agrarian concentrate products included in the Partner Support Program are:
SELECT BIOCYCLE ® CONCENTRATE
SELECT DTX™ CONCENTRATE
SELECT BIOCYCLE ® PLUS CONCENTRATE
The Partner Support Program is to be utilized for client support and development activities, including, but not limited to: Continuing education seminars and meetings Client educational activities Client appreciation events Employee Trainings 1. Quarterly, the Agrarian Solutions Regional Account Manager will meet with the participating Feed Manufacturer or Independent Nutritionist to determine the utilization of the Agrarian Concentrate products by the Feed Manufacturer’s or Independent Nutritionist’s clients. 2. Agrarian Solutions will then deposit 1% of the Concentrate expenditures into the Partner Support Program associated with the Feed Manufacturer or Independent Nutritionist. 3. The Agrarian Solutions Regional Account Manager will then provide the monetary amount to the Feed Manufacturer or Independent Nutritionist for the appropriate client support and development. The Partner Support Program is not a product commission system or reward. Instead, the Partner Support Program is a continuation of Agrarian Solutions’ history of funding industry meetings and activities, complimentary forage testing and other practices to sustain the dairy industry. Please contact your Agrarian Solutions Regional Account Manager for more information on the Partner Support Program.
10
Agrarian Solutions® RISE Newsletter | Fall 2023
Written By: Larry Roth,, Ph.D., PAS Vice President of Nutrition
Mycotoxin Summary Results Mycotoxin evaluation is a key component of the Agrarian Mycotoxin Protection Program. The mycotoxin summary results for April 1 through September 30, 2023 are displayed in figures 1 and 2. These values reflect a combination of preserved 2022 feeds and newly harvested 2023 corn silage. For corn silage and dairy TMR samples, respectively. Mycotoxin assay results vary considerably across the United States. The past trend is for mycotoxin levels to increase as we move from the Plains States east to PA and NY, and there is not a clear pattern of 2022 vs 2023 values. The states of OH, NY and PA reported elevated DON, zearalenone and fumonisin levels for an unfortunate trifecta. The IL fumonisin TMR levels were surprisingly high given the moderate levels of the corn silage, which suggests the feeding of contaminated by-products. I encourage you to participate in the Agrarian mycotoxin testing program. We are emphasizing recording crop for the corn silage samples to identify year to year changes, as well as variability through the year. In addition, please consider the value of monthly monitoring of TMR and corn silage for mycotoxin variation. Proactive sampling may help to identify challenges before escalating. Contact your Agrarian representative for the latest on mycotoxin evaluation.
mycotoxin
Report
PAGES 11-15
APRIL 1, 2023 - SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
11
TMR MYCOTOXIN VALUE STATE AVERAGES (all values in ppb) | APRIL 1, 2023 - SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
State
Zearalenone
DON Average
Fumonisins Average
T-2 Toxin Average
IA
30
637
100
nd
IL
87
1056
2393
2
IN
89
1491
529
4
KS
16
150
930
nd
MD
80
900
600
nd
MI
76
2002
193
78
MN
81
597
143
18
NE
nd
280
400
nd
NY
108
1625
200
144
OH
244
4310
92
3
PA
98
1548
747
nd
TX
185
380
433
nd
VA
113
980
586
1
WA
nd
376
0
nd
WI
93
1467
210
17
WV
240
1950
100
nd
nd = none detected = low = medium = high ppb = parts per billion
12
START DATE April 1, 2023 | END DATE September 30, 2023
NO. OF SAMPLES 263
1 DON = DON + 3-Acetyl-DON + 15-Acetyl-DON; FUM = fumonisin B1 + fumonisin B2; T-2 = T-2 toxin + HT-2 Toxin
Agrarian Solutions® RISE Newsletter | Fall 2023
TMR MYCOTOXIN VALUE STATE AVERAGES (all values in ppb) | APRIL 1, 2023 - SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
Zearalenone
DON Average
ppb (parts per billion) nd
<100
ppb (parts per billion) 100-300
301+
nd
Fumonisins Average
ppb (parts per billion) nd
<600
<300
300-1000
1001+
T-2 Toxin Average
ppb (parts per billion) 600-1500
1501+
nd
<75
75-150
151+
April 1, 2023 - September 30, 2023 State Averages (all values in ppb)
13
CORN SILAGE VALUE STATE AVERAGES (all values in ppb) | APRIL 1, 2023 - SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
State
Zearalenone
DON Average
Fumonisins Average
T-2 Toxin Average
IA
221
1523
nd
nd
IL
273
1320
251
240
IN
79
1485
150
16
KS
44
775
210
nd
MD
40
4210
900
nd
MN
49
638
184
51
NY
348
3184
328
83
OH
101
2169
547
12
PA
96
1571
567
nd
SD
nd
210
nd
nd
VA
417
2920
960
8
WA
nd
710
nd
nd
WI
102
2145
167
4
WV
110
1650
nd
nd
nd = none detected = low = medium = high ppb = parts per billion
14
START DATE April 1, 2023 | END DATE September 30, 2023
NO. OF SAMPLES 100
1 DON = DON + 3-Acetyl-DON + 15-Acetyl-DON; FUM = fumonisin B1 + fumonisin B2; T-2 = T-2 toxin + HT-2 Toxin
Agrarian Solutions® RISE Newsletter | Fall 2023
CORN SILAGE VALUE STATE AVERAGES (all values in ppb) | APRIL 1, 2023 - SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
Zearalenone
DON Average
ppb (parts per billion) nd
<100
ppb (parts per billion) 100-300
301+
nd
Fumonisins Average
ppb (parts per billion) nd
<600
<300
300-1000
1001+
T-2 Toxin Average
ppb (parts per billion) 600-1500
1501+
nd
<75
75-150
151+
April 1, 2023 - September 30, 2023 State Averages (all values in ppb)
15
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