Qn Using current nursing practice what is the cause of MS .What are the current treatments and how do they work?
The exact cause of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In MS, the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the protective coating of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord(Grossman et al., 2014, p. 266). This immune system malfunction leads to damage to the myelin sheath, which is like the insulation on electrical wires. As a result, nerve signals cannot travel properly, leading to the symptoms and problems associated with MS(Grossman et al., 2014, p. 411). While the precise trigger for this autoimmune response is unclear, factors such as genetics, viral infections, and low vitamin D levels may contribute to a person’s susceptibility to developing MS(American College of Physicians, 2017).
Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) involves several approaches: Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs): These medications play a pivotal role in addressing the underlying immunological dysregulation of MS. DMTs encompass a spectrum of medications, including interferon-beta formulations, monoclonal antibodies (such as, natalizumab, ocrelizumab), and oral agents (such as, fingolimod) (Grossman et al., 2014, p. 503). These drugs primarily work to help slow down the progression of MS by modulating the immune system. They work by reducing inflammation and the activity of immune cells, preventing further damage to the myelin sheath and nerves in the central nervous system(Grossman et al., 2014, p. 504). They can inhibit lymphocyte activation, reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, and regulate immune cell trafficking across the blood-brain barrier, thus attenuating the frequency and severity of relapses in relapsing forms of MS(American College of Physicians, 2017).
Symptomatic Treatments: These address specific symptoms of MS. Patients with MS commonly