A 65-year-old patient- cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes.

1 Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiologic Processes The case of a 65-year-old patient shows that he has challenges in the cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in symptoms recorded. Atrial fibrillation and right ventricular strain pattern are caused by the activation of fibrotic pathways, leading to the alteration of growth factor-β and matrix metalloproteases (Frangogiannis, 2022). The change influences the structural remodeling of the atria to set the ground for the development of atrial fibrillation. The patient may have suffered from this kind of transformation. On the other hand, cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that may cause chest pains and short breathing include pulmonary embolism. Embolism in the pulmonary vein could be due to factors such as coagulation and inflammation. The embolus causes inflammation of the visceral pleura, causing pleuritic chest pain. Moreover, pericarditis and myocardial infarction can pleuritic chest pain. The patient has signs of T wave inversions in the right chest, usually caused by pulmonary embolism (Weston, Alkhatib, & Kotwal, 2020). This results in overloading of the right ventricular with pressure. Abnormal changes in rhythm and contractility of the heart muscles cause palpitations. The abnormality is due to a wide range of factors, including embolism and weakening of heart muscles. Embolism leads to pressure on the heart to pump blood rapidly. However, given the patient's age and possible inflammation, the heart can experience slow and irregular contractions, which affect palpitations. Atrial fibrillation in the patient is a result of changes in the heart tissues. The process of change includes inflammation and blood clotting. The right ventricular strain pattern is caused by pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricle infarction, and pulmonary fibrosis (Harada & Nattel, 2021). The patient shows signs of pulmonary embolism that the patient is likely to have suffered. The stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system