Infography OVER 560 YEARS SINCE THE

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11th century AD The rst movable type printing technology is invented in China using baked clay.

13th century AD Koreans make cast-metal movable types. Chapter initials were drawn by hand.

7th century AD Papermaking moves out of China, where it was invented in the 2th century, to the rest of the world.

5th century AD Chinese use wood blocks to print patterns on cloth and later on paper (woodcut).

Each sheet was hung up to dry.

15th century AD Gutenberg invents the printing press around 1440. Fifteen years later, the printing of his 42-line Bible was completed.

1863 William A. Bullock obtains the patent of the rst rotary press for printing books on continuous paper (hectography). Each page was arranged in two columns of 42 lines each.

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1886 Ottmar Mergenthaler invents the linotype machine, the rst mechanical typesetter.

1904 The lithography technique reaches its peak with the development of offset printing, used today.

Books have been made for thousands of years, but they did not always look like the ones with pages and covers that we are used to. The earliest books were rolls of paper or animal skins, called scrolls. In the 15th century, during the period of time called the Renaissance, there was a huge increase in the amount of new and exciting ideas in science and art. Around the year 1455, a German machine-maker called Johannes Gutenberg invented a printing press with metal letters that could be moved around to print whatever he wanted. Copies of books could be made easily instead of one by one. The rst book to be printed and sold in Europe was a copy of the Bible. For hundreds of years, until the invention of digital printing, books were still printed using metal letters and printing presses.

THE BIBLE Over 560 years since the publication of the rst printed book:

On February 23, 1455, the printing of the Gutenberg Bible, the rst book printed with movables types, was completed.

This well-known version of the Bible in Spanish was widely spread during the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, and it is one of the most accepted by Protestant churches in Spanish-speaking countries. THE REINA VALERA BIBLE OR BIBLE OF THE PITCHER

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