the late 1800s, this split was less significant and it was recognized that the work of antiquarians could be helpful in understanding history.
FIRST EXCAVATIONS Some of the first true archaeological rations happened in the early 1600s, when Gilbert North and William Harvey excavated Stonehenge. There were other early archaeologists who followed, such as John Aubrey. Aubrey was considered one of the first archaeologists of the time. He is best known for recording information about Stonehenge and similar monuments in southern England. While he was considered an antiquarian, he was mostly interested in documenting the things he found at some of these large monuments. He actually wrote a book on a survey he did of the Avebury henge monument. Figure 1 shows the Avebury monuments.
Figure 1: Avebury monuments. There were other major excavations in the regions of Herculaneum and Pompeii. These had been completely covered by ashes when Mount Vesuvius erupted in seventy-nine A.D. The first excavations of Pompeii began in 1748 in the first and Herculaneum began to be excavated in 1738. King Charles VII of Naples was king at the time and authorized these excavations. Several areas of Herculaneum were uncovered, including things like utensils, human shapes, and many structures. These were seen throughout all of Europe during that time. Johann Joachim Winkelmann was one of the founders of true scientific archaeology. He was a German archaeologist in the mid-1700s who was able to study Greek and Roman art. He was the first to differentiate between Greek, Greco-Roman, and true Roman art 9
