101 China Grinding

In a Competitive Market, Is It Leading the Trend? Or Chasing the Trend?

"Make fine products to meet market demand."

This sentence has often been talked about by enterprises during our recent visits. However, there are different voices on how to meet the market. Some companies believe that they need to keep up with the market development trend and meet the requirements in time when customers make requirements, which can not only avoid the risk of blind attacks, but also reduce the cost of developing the market; some companies It is believed that we should tap the demand, not stay on the basis of the "needs" of customers, and make judgments before the downstream market.

Of course, different choices have a lot to do with the strength and positioning of the enterprise itself. Let's first look at the risks that the two options may face.

If you keep up with the trend, the most likely risk is the high inventory. Because there is more than one company that sees the trend, but the market capacity is limited, when everyone focuses on "demand", there will soon be overcapacity. This phenomenon is already quite serious in our industry.

If you lead the trend, the premise is to do a series of market research, including the current market demand situation, policy guidance, customer's downstream market and usage habits and so on. Once the conclusion is reached, it still needs to be implemented, then the issue of research and development will be involved, and the result will naturally be success and failure.

If it fails, will it continue to invest or give up? Assuming it is developed, how do you need to bring new products to market and make them acceptable to customers?

This process will consume a lot of manpower, material and financial resources. If the strength of the enterprise is not strong enough, it will certainly be difficult to afford it. Therefore, leading is not a slogan, but requires real "strength".

From a long-term development point of view, leading the trend is naturally better than following the trend, but the premise is, how do enterprises go from following to leading?

Have you studied how subtle changes in the production process will affect the final product and downstream users?

Do you often think about whether products can be replaced?

Have you ever thought that it is still not enough to meet customer needs with existing products?

From the perspective of the application field of abrasive products, there are more and more market segments, and their functional requirements for abrasive products are becoming more and more strict. Only by communicating with the downstream market can we truly understand their needs, and only by communicating more can we discover new needs.

For enterprises, it is very important to grasp the pace of development. Of course, leading or chasing depends on the development of the enterprise. However, we must take a long-term view and lay out in advance so as not to fear latecomers.

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PREFACE

02|Preface

INDUSTRY INFORMATION

04|Industry Information

OVERSEAS INFORMATION

10|Overseas Information

PHOTO NEWS

12|Wish wheel

TINY COMMENT EXHIBITION

14|Li Bin Says Weilai Will Launch a Mobile Phone Every Year, Like Apple

18|World Stone Materials Industry Chain Gathers in Xiamen

19|2022 Tianjin International Refractory Exhibition Site

SPECIAL REPORT

20|Anhui Province Brush Industry Chain Observation Group Visits Wuzhi Abrasive Industry Park

MARKET REVIEW

24|Satisfy the market in the second half of the year with "positive" preparations

COVER ENTERPRISE

28|Hao Yun: Use technology to improve quality and use integrity to create the future.

ASSOCIATION COLUMNS

32| All-Grinding Committee Chamber of Commerce Column

CHINA ENTREPRENEURS

36| Feng Eryong: From poverty giving rise to a desire for change to following the trend

40| Zheng Champion: Do a Good Job of Market Layout in Advance

RAW MATERIAL PRICE TREND

44| China bauxite, alumina, corundum and silicon carbide

TECHNOLOGY

50|Potential development prospects for nanodiamond applications

54|Discussion and (II) on the calculation method of mixed charge material ratio for brown corundum smelting

59|Dr. Yuan talks about diamonds: the macro and micro structure of diamonds.

61|[Abrasive Class] Active Filler for Grinding (Serial 3) Help

ACHIEVEMENT DISPLAY

62| Results Name: Preparation and Application Technology of Nanoscale Materials

63| Achievement Name: New Nitride Bonded Corundum Ladle Permeable Brick

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INFORMATION

More Good News! Zhengzhou Ruitai Named as a Quality Benchmark Enterprise in Henan Province in 2022

Zhengzhou Ruitai Refractory Technology Co., Ltd. won the title of "2022 Henan Province Quality Benchmarking Enterprise" for its "comprehensive and accurate traceability quality management experience based on 5G intelligent data center.

Chinalco Alumina Intelligent Factory Construction Demonstration Unit Completed

Recently, the construction project of Guangxi Huasheng Intelligent Factory passed the review and acceptance of Chinalco's expert group, Become a demonstration unit for the construction of Chinalco's alumina intelligent factory.

Guangxi Huasheng has completed the key points of plant-wide production process control, production control platform, environmental protection early warning platform, etc. by adopting a new generation of technologies such as intelligent integrated computer room, all-optical network, intelligent equipment, intelligent instruments, data platform and AI intelligent analysis platform.

it was determined that there were 41 new industrial sales enterprises in 0.1 billion CNY in 2021, and each enterprise was awarded 100,000 CNY. There are 7 new 0.5 billion CNY enterprises in industrial sales, and each will reward 200,000 CNY; there are 6 new industrial sales enterprises in 1 billion CNY, each of which will be awarded 300,000 CNY. The above-mentioned industrial enterprises need a total of 7.3 million CNY of districtlevel incentive funds. Among them, the turnover of Ningbo Dahua grinding wheel reached 0.1 billion CNY for the first time and was subsidized by the state in 100,000 CNY.

(Source: Abrasives)

A few days ago, the 5G + smart factory project built by Zhengzhou Ruitai has been rated as "the first batch of 5G application scenario demonstration projects in Henan Province".

With the help of the "5G + Industrial Internet Platform", Zhengzhou Ruitai has established a green service characterized by internet plus's big data, using quality to accurately trace key technologies. This time Zhengzhou Ruitai was selected as a benchmark enterprise, which not only played a leading role in improving the quality of the industry, but also promoted the quality management of the industry to a new level.

(Source: China Grinding Network)

The construction of the project, and the initial completion of the standardized management system and knowledge management system, played a pilot demonstration role in Chinalco. In the next step, Guangxi Huasheng will realize the human-machine collaboration within the production enterprise and the collaborative interconnection outside the enterprise, and carry out intelligence thinking and intelligent decisionmaking, reshaping the management thinking and control mode of manufacturing industry.

(Source: Chinalco)

Ningbo Dahua Grinding Wheel Revenue Reaches 0.1 billion CNY for the First Time

On June 9, Ningbo Yinzhou District Economic and Information Bureau issued a notice to check the list of industrial enterprises in Yinzhou District in 2021 according to the spirit of the "Several Policy Opinions on Promoting Highquality Economic Development in Yinzhou District in 2020" issued by the district party committee and district government. Finally,

State Power Investment Group Aluminum Power Investment Co.,

Ltd.

A few days ago, the scientific and technological innovation technology of "Alumina Storage Warehouse Material Transfer System and Device" of Ningdong Branch of State Power Investment Group Aluminum Investment Co., Ltd. won the utility model patent of the State Intellectual Property Office.

This practical patented technology can automatically separate the sand or slag in the alumina powder, and solve the problem that most of the aluminum electrolytic plants in China have more alumina powder sand or slag, which affects the production of aluminum electrolysis. At the same time, the

structure is simple, occupies a small space, the damage rate of alumina powder is almost zero, and the weight of alumina can be recorded in real time, so as to adjust the unloading speed of alumina storage bin.

By implementing this technology, the damage rate of alumina powder can be reduced, and the electricity consumption per ton of alumina powder can be reduced by 75%.

(Source: China Nonferrous Metals News)

Progress in Stable High Pressure Synthesis of Diamond

Recently, the research group of Wang Xianlong, Institute of Computational Physics and Quantum Materials Research, Hefei Institute of Material Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has made new progress in the study of stable high-pressure synthesis of diamond. Studies have shown that B and N doping can regulate the electronic structure properties (semiconductor, metal, superconductivity), reduce the formation energy, and enhance the stability of diamond alkene at room temperature and pressure.

At present, the diamond alkene synthesized by compressing doublelayer graphene under high pressure is experimentally converted back to graphene after withdrawal, which is difficult to exist stably at normal temperature and pressure. This work provides a new way to synthesize more stable and more powerful diamond alkenes. (Source: Hefei Institute of Material Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Henan Jiusheng Annual Output 2000 Tons Abrasive Tool Production Line Project Starts

On the morning of July 5, the commencement ceremony of the fifth phase

of "three batches" centralized construction project and the production line project with an annual output of 2000 tons of abrasives was officially opened in Henan Jiusheng Abrasives Co., Ltd. On the morning of July 5, the fifth phase of Jiaxian county's "three batches" centralized construction project and an annual output of 2000 tons of grinding Zhong Wanjiang, secretary-general of Henan Branch of National Abrasive and Abrasive Tools Committee, members of the party and government team of Guangkuitiandi Township, all comrades of the organizations, representatives of enterprises, project constructors and constructors attended the opening ceremony and witnessed this important moment together. The project plans to invest 0.15 billion CNY, with an annual output of 2000 tons of abrasive tools, and its products are sold to more than 60 countries in the world. After putting into production, 200 people will be employed to achieve an output value of 0.14 billion CNY. The production line project of 2000 tons of abrasive tools produced in a piece of fireworks was officially launched. (Source: Moku.com)

Several Grinding and Refractory

Rated

According to the requirements of the Shanxi Provincial Small Business Development Promotion Bureau's "Notice on Launching the Application of Provincial" Specialized, Refined, Unique and Novelty "Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in 2022" and the "Notice on Selecting Provincial Specialized, Special and New" Little Giant "Enterprises", 156 enterprises are identified as provincial specialized, refined, unique and novelty "little giant" enterprises in 2022, and 44 enterprises are identified as "specialized, refined, unique and novelty" small and medium-sized enterprises in 2022.

Among them, Yangquan Zhongjia Abrasive Tool Co., Ltd. and Yangquan Jinyu Tongda High Temperature Material Co., Ltd. were rated as provincial specialized and special new "Little Giant" enterprises in 2022. Shanxi Luweibao TISCO Refractory Co., Ltd., Taiyuan Baoyi Chunguang Refractory Co., Ltd. and many other enterprises were rated as "specialized, refined, unique and novelty" small and medium-sized enterprises in 2022. In the future, the recognition will also inspire more small and medium-sized grinding enterprises to embark on the road of "specialization and innovation. (Source: China Grinding Network)

Nanping Yize Technology

Selected into the List of Little Giant Enterprises of Science and Technology in Fujian Province in 2022 and "Specialized, Refined, Unique and Novelty" small and medium-sized enterprises in Fujian Province.

On July 1, 2022, the official website of Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology announced the list of 970 small giant enterprises in Fujian Province in 2022. Yize Technology stood out from many outstanding enterprises and was successfully shortlisted.

On July 7, 2022, the Fujian Provincial Department of Industry and Information

Industry information

Park, Xin'an Economic and Technological Development Zone, was completed and put into operation.

It is understood that the project, with a total investment of 0.133 billion CNY, officially started in the second half of 2021. The products are high-performance silicon carbide products for waste incineration power generation devices and CDQ stoves, with a production capacity of 5000 tons after the completion of the first phase of the project. At present, the construction of the factory building has been completed. The intelligent three-dimensional warehouse, process shelf system, full-automatic batching line, new

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Technology announced the list of "specialized, refined, unique and novelty" enterprises in Fujian Province. With its professional research and development technology and excellent innovation ability, Yize Technology successfully passed the review and won the recognition of "specialized, refined, unique and novelty" small and medium-sized enterprises in Fujian Province in 2022. The achievement of these achievements marks that Yize Technology has reached a new level on the road of technological innovation and development.

(Source: Full Grinding Committee)

mixer, new forming machine, AGV trolley, drying kiln, large-capacity nitriding furnace, double push plate continuous nitriding kiln for the first time in the industry, and key equipment such as environmental protection and power distribution have been installed, meeting the production requirements.

(Source: Xin'an City Affairs)

Brilliant! Liger Abrasive Tool Wang

Ruijuan Won May 1st Labor Medal of Henan Province

of Trade Unions issued the "Decision on Commending the May 1 Labor Medal of Henan Province in 2022, the May 1 Labor Certificate of Henan Province and the Pioneer of Henan Workers". Wang Ruijuan, the production leader of small piece forming of Zhengzhou Liger Abrasive Tools Co., Ltd., won May 1 Labor Medal of Henan Province. It is hoped that the commended advanced individuals and advanced collectives will vigorously promote the spirit of model workers, labor, and craftsmanship, inspire more people with energy, aggressiveness, and drilling, and strive to write a more brilliant chapter in the Central Plains in the new era. (Source: Moku. com)

Associate Professor Liu Wei of Hunan University of Science and Technology Made New Progress in Precision Low Damage Grinding of Engineering Ceramics

Recently, the research group of Associate Professor Liu Wei, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology (School of Future Technology) and Hunan Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Precision Machining of Difficult-to-machine Materials, has made new progress in the direction of precision low-damage grinding of engineering ceramics.

The research results consider the effect of strain rate effect on zirconia ceramic grinding processing under dynamic impact, analyze the grinding force, surface morphology and subsurface damage of the workpiece after grinding, and reveal the effect of dynamic impact strain rate effect on zirconia ceramic grinding damage. The results show that the increase of grinding strain rate can effectively improve the grinding quality of zirconia ceramics and has good application potential. (Source: Hunan Education Network)

On the morning of July 19, the first phase of the special silicon carbide new material project of Sinosteel Luonai Technology Co., Ltd., located in Luoxin

Recently, the Provincial Federation

First Phase of the New Material Project of Special Silicon Carbide with an Annual Output of 10,000 Tons Completed and Put into Operation.

Another Company in Henan, Shangqiu Zhecheng Huifeng Diamond, Successfully Listed on the beijing Stock Exchange Today.

On July 18, Zhecheng Huifeng Diamond Technology Co., Ltd. was successfully listed on the Beijing Stock Exchange (stock abbreviation Huifeng Diamond, stock code 839725). The cloud listing ceremony was held in Shangqiu, through the live and cloud live listing ceremony.

At 9:25 a.m., Shangqiu Municipal Party Committee Secretary Li Guosheng, Mayor Yang Yang, Deputy Director of Henan Supervision Bureau of China Securities Regulatory Commission Li Baocheng and other relevant leaders of provinces, cities and counties jointly opened the bell for the stock trading of Huifeng Diamond North Stock Exchange.

The monthly output of Huifeng diamond, such as micropowder and single crystal nano diamond, is more than 0.1 billion carats. Its independent innovation of foam diamond powder surface modification technology and other important technical research results fill the domestic gap and reach the international advanced level.

(Source: Henan Radio and Television News Center)

Warmly Congratulate Yeda New Materials on being shortlisted for China Brand Innovation and Development Project

On July 21, Henan Yeda New Material Technology Co., Ltd. was officially shortlisted

for

the "China Brand Innovation and Development Project".

The "China Brand Innovation and Development Project" is co-sponsored by the China Internet News Center and the China Brand Leaders Alliance. Under the guidance of relevant national institutions, on the one hand, it unites hundreds of strong media such as TV, radio, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. On the other hand, it unites brand experts, brand institutions, well-known enterprises and other authoritative units and individuals, through brand selection, brand finalists, brand publicity, brand interviews, brand release, brand topics, brand communication and other forms and contents will enhance the innovation ability of Chinese brand enterprises and their brand competitiveness at home and abroad, and provide a national brand building and communication super platform for government decision makers, enterprise managers and brand organization leaders. (Source: Henan Yeda New Materials Technology Co., Ltd.)

Hundreds of billions of Levels of Integration! Chinalco 6.6 billion to Acquire 19% Stake in Yunlu

On the evening of July 24, Chinalco (02600.HK) announced that it plans to acquire 19% shares of Yunlu (000807.SZ). After the transaction is completed, Chinalco will become the largest shareholder of Yunlu, holding shares29.10%。

The announcement stated that this transaction is conducive to further solving the problem of horizontal competition with Yunalu and effectively reducing the company's daily related transactions; after Yunalu is merged into the company, it will help further enhance the company's industry status and profitability, relying on Yunalu shares in clean energy advantages, to further enhance the company's green aluminum production capacity, is conducive to promoting green low-carbon high-quality development.

At the same time, it can give better play

to the synergy between the company and Yunalu in business and management, realize the integration and intensive management of the aluminum industry, and bring sustainable investment returns. (Source: Caixin News Agency)

Sanchao New Material Plans to Purchase Land in Jiangsu and Build Ultra-fine Diamond Wire Saw Production Project

Sanchao New Materials (300554.SZ) issued an announcement that in order to further increase the company's high-quality production capacity and comprehensive competitiveness, the company purchased about 108 acres of land use rights in Jinhu, Jiangsu Province through the establishment of a wholly-owned subsidiary and invested in the construction of an annual output of 41 million kilometers.

Ultra-fine diamond wire saw production project ". After the completion of the project, it will form an annual production capacity of 41 million kilometers of ultra-fine diamond wire saws, of which the first phase of the project will produce 18 million kilometers of ultra-fine diamond wire saws and the second phase of the project will produce 23 million kilometers of ultra-fine diamond wire saws. The announcement stated that the land purchased this time is planned to be used as the future development and construction land of Sanhong, Jiangsu. If the land use right of the above-mentioned land is obtained, the company will be used to build a new production line, which will help accelerate the increase of the company's existing production capacity and meet the company's future. The development strategy's demand for operating land will further enhance the company's comprehensive competitiveness and help the company expand its business scale. (Source: Zhitong Finance)

Industry information

Donghai Alumina Company Successfully Completed the First Upgrade of Alumina Non-stop Control System in China

Recently, Nanshan Group Donghai Alumina Company responded positively to the group's goal of "localization of imported equipment" and successfully completed the upgrade of the country's first alumina nonstop control system.

The successful implementation of the project has improved the stable operation performance of the control system, avoided the risk of production interruption and shutdown caused by the failure of the alumina phase I control system, and successfully broke the foreign technology monopoly on the control system, and truly realized the country's first imported equipment localization without stopping production and upgrading. In solving many technical problems, it fully demonstrates the professionalism and accuracy of the technical personnel of the alumina company, and lays a solid foundation for better advancing, improving and upgrading the work of alumina. (Source: Nanshan Group Co., Ltd.)

and other systems, establishing and implementing trade secrets and authority determination processes, implementing business secret management into all aspects of business management, and enhancing the value of intangible assets formed by the company's trade secrets, helps enhance the core competitiveness of the product. (Source: China Chamber of Commerce for International Cooperation in Private Economy)

Three Super Abrasive Tools "Operation Spark": Let Children in Mountain Areas Meet the Wider World Outside

On August 7, 2020, Sanchao Abrasive Tools successfully launched the first phase of the "Spark Operation" study tour. On July 25, 2022, the second phase of the "Spark Operation" study tour program set sail again. Affected by the prevention and control of the epidemic, this event was hosted by the Dahua Public Welfare Federation.

First in the country! Shengquan Group Passed the Certification of Trade Secret Management System. Israel's Diamond Producer Won 0.6 billion CNY Investment

Recently, Shengquan Group passed the business secret management system certification of Zhongzhi Certification Company, becoming the first enterprise in the country to pass the certification, and at the same time issued the first domestic business secret management system certification.

Trade secrets can protect the innovation achievements of enterprises, constantly stimulate the enthusiasm for innovation and realize sustainable development. Shengquan began to build a business secret protection system in 2019. The top leader of the company took the lead in setting up a "business secret management committee", formulating and publishing the group's "business secret management system", "employee confidentiality manual"

Recently, LUSIX, an Israeli diamond producer, announced that it had received US $90 million (about 0.61 billion CNY) in financing, with investors including LVMH Luxury Ventures, the venture capital arm of French luxury giant LVMH Group, Ragnar Crossover Fund and More Investments.

It is reported that LUSIX will use this fund to promote its growth plan, expand its production capacity and purchase two of the world's most advanced 100% solar diamond cultivation equipment to meet the growing demand of global customers and industries for diamond cultivation. (Source: Caijing.com)

The second phase of the "Spark Operation" study tour program initiated by Sanchao Abrasive Tools was launched in Dahua County, aiming to let children in mountainous areas see a wider world. This study tour allowed the children of Dashan to experience many firsts. This will become an unforgettable experience in their life and inspire them to work hard. There is a long way to go to help mountain children get out of the mountains. The "Spark Operation" of the three super abrasives will continue to move forward. Study tours are the starting point, not the end point. In the future, more mountain children will go out of the mountains and meet the wider world outside through more forms. (Source: Moku.com)

Angola found 170 karat rare pink diamond, the world's largest in 300 years

According to a report by the Associated Press on July 27 local time, in Angola, a country in southwestern Africa, a large 170 karat pink diamond was discovered in the Lulo alluvial diamond mine, named "Lulo Rose", which is said to be the largest pink diamond discovered in 300 years.

The owner of the diamond, Lucapa

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Diamond Company, introduced that this pink gem is the fifth largest diamond found in the mine. So far, 27 diamonds 100 karat and above have been found in the mine.

Angola's Minister of Mineral Resources, Oil and Gas, Diamantino Azevedo, said: "The huge pink diamond found in Lulo is once again obvious.

New Production Base Signed

On June 29, the People's Government of Yiyang County, Luoyang City and Luoyang LYC Bearing Co., Ltd. formally signed a contract, and the Luoxian Yiyang production base project was settled, adding another heavyweight power source to the county's leading industrial structure.

It shows Angola's important position in the world diamond mining arena, and it also shows that our commitment and investment in the growing diamond mining industry have unlimited potential and long-term benefits."

(Source: Jimu News)

After the Luoxian Yiyang production base project is completed and put into production, it will build a high-end bearing industry cluster with leading technology and important international influence through chain extension, chain replenishment and strong chain, so as to initially form three 10 billion-level industrial clusters and 5 billionlevel new material industrial clusters of aviation equipment, high-end bearings and leisure food in Yiyang, and build a modern industrial system, it will provide strong power for Luoyang City to build a national bearing R & D and production base with a complete industrial chain and an important international bearing supply center. (Source: Top News · Henan Business Daily)

Abrasives ready for blast-off!

Titan Abrasive Systems’ president, Brandon Acker looks at how abrasive blasting can play huge role in bringing aging aircraft back to life.

surface finishing and sandblasting equipment, has announced the purchase of a new, upgraded blast room by Fab-Tek of Central Mississippi, a leader in metal fabrication and machining.

The blast room will be used primarily to clean and polish the stainless-steel metal conveyor systems they design and manufacture for their food processing clients, such as Sanderson Farms and Koch Foods.

To create its conveyor systems, Fab-Tek purchases flat sheets of stainless steel in large quantities. After running it through the laser cutting, press break, welding and other manufacturing processes, workers use abrasive blasting equipment to produce a smooth, matte finish on the material.

Fab-Tek was primarily using glass beads in its blasting operation and will continue to utilize this medium with the newer equipment, given its excellent performance and the fact that it is highly reclaimable.

The effect of Covid-19 on the fiscal health of the airline industry is readily apparent in the numbers. The staggering losses incurred are a major catalyst behind the decision of the major airlines to refurbish their current fleet, rather than purchase new aircraft.For aircraft refurbishment, the abrasive blasting process is generally executed for two purposes: 1) Cleaning and abrading a surface, which not only removes all dirt, grime, oils, etc. from the surface, but also ‘roughs up’ the surface to provide improved adhesion for a new surface finish, whether it’s paint, powder coating, or polyurethane. The fuselage provides a prime illustration of this type of application. 2) Cleaning and deburring a surface without producing any kind of ‘profile’ or removing any materials from the surface of the item. This would be the process used for parts in jet turbines, for example, where the removal of even the most minute amount of metal could affect engine performance – and safety.

Coated Abrasives Market Size to Grow

Among Key Vendors - Technavio

NEW YORK, July 26, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- The growth of the coated abrasives market will be driven by factors such as the growing demand for PSA-backed coated abrasives. The popularity of pressure-sensitive adhesives is increasing, as they offer ease of mounting sanding discs, rolls, and sheets. Cloth and paper are widely used as backing materials in coated abrasives. Vendors such as Saint-Gobain and CUMI offer coated abrasives with PSA-backing. Key applications of these products include blending welds and defects in auto body shops, removal of paint and primer in the auto refinish shops and orbital sanding for the finishing of flat stock wood components. PSA-backed coated abrasives protect from dust and moisture and provide longer disc life.

The coated abrasives market size is estimated to grow by USD 2.81 bn from 2019 to 2024. In addition, the growth momentum of the market will accelerate at a CAGR of 4.23% during the forecast period.

Titan Abrasive Delivers Newer, More Powerful Blast Room to Fab-Tek July 22, 2022(Food Engineering)

Global Nonwoven Abrasives Market Report 2022-2027: By Type (Belts, Discs, and Hand Pads and Rolls), Application and RegionResearchAndMarkets.com

July 04, 2022 Businesswire

The Global Nonwoven Abrasives Market size was estimated at USD 18.47 billion in 2021 and expected to reach USD 19.59 billion in 2022, and is projected to grow at a CAGR 6.25% to reach USD 26.58 billion by 2027.

Ross Introduces Vertical Blender for Product Mixing

Designed for reliable and gentle mixing of friable solids, abrasive materials and shear-sensitive products.

The Ross Vertical Blender is designed for reliable and gentle mixing of friable solids, abrasive materials, and shear-sensitive products.

It consists of a low-speed auger that orbits the periphery of a conical vessel while gently lifting material upward. The thorough agitation allows product from the top portions of the batch to cascade to the bottom while blending with material being drawn upwards by the auger. The steep-angled vessel allows efficient blending of batches as small as 10% of the maximum working capacity and enables quick discharge of the finished blend.

Requiring no bearings or packing glands in the product zone, the Ross design promotes 100% discharge and is easy to maintain while minimizing the risk of contamination. In addition to solid blends, wet applications such as flowable slurries and pastes are routinely mixed in the vertical blender. This versatile machine can be jacketed for heating or cooling with water , oil or steam.

When coupled with vacuum conditions, the continuous turnover of materials heated within the vessel leads to fast drying and costeffective solvent recovery. Vertical Blend has a maximum capacity of 32 ft^3. The design is ideal for processing large volumes where floor space is limited. Sizes range from lab scale to full-production models.

$38.87 billion in 2020 to $66.71 billion in 2028, representing a CAGR of 7.13%. In 2020, the main market share of the Asia-Pacific region was 53.56%. Major infrastructure developments in countries such as India and China have further driven the demand for abrasive abrasives. North America, on the other hand, is expected to grow at a significant CAGR of 8.2% over the forecast period.

Increasing demand for abrasives in various end-use sectors such as aerospace, automotive and metal manufacturing is driving market growth. Including coated abrasives, consolidated abrasives and superhard abrasives. Among them, consolidated abrasives occupy a major market share and are widely used in the automotive industry to drive the market growth, with a value of $15.69 billion in 2020. (Credit: PR Newswire, 2022-8-1)

Abrasives Market to Surpass US$ 66.71 Billion by 2028, Says The Brainy Insights

In an article published in the International Journal of Mechanical Science, scientists from Harbin Institute of Technology in China have developed a force model for grinding leucodonite glass ceramics.

Leucodonite glass ceramics are widely used as high performance dental materials due to their beneficial properties such as biocompatibility, high mechanical strength and remarkable light transmittance. However, due to their high brittleness, they are difficult to process, which limits their commercial use in dental treatment.

Studies have shown that the removal of brittle, hard material during grinding can cause the material to collapse and create microcracks. These quality problems seriously affect the lifespan of dentures, thereby reducing the quality of life of patients and increasing the correlationThe cost.

The influence of various parameters on surface morphology and grinding force of algarnet glass-ceramics was revealed. The experimental observation and theoretical model provide relevant information for optimizing the preparation process of these important dental materials. (Credit: AZO Materials, 2022-8-1)

The global nonwoven abrasive market will reach $26.58 billion in 2027

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Dish wheel

Look at this oddly shaped sanding tool. Its English name is Dish wheel. It is only suitable for 125mm angle grinder. Wood can be polished to make curved surfaces.

Advantages: very fast blanking, wear resistance

Disadvantages: expensive

The Old Photos The Old Objects

These old objects are hand-cranked grinding wheels from the Soviet era.

GRINDING WHEEL

Li Bin said that Weilai will produce a mobile phone every year, just like Apple

Li Bin said that it is not difficult to build a mobile phone now, and it is still challenging to build a good mobile phone. What Weilai has to do is very simple, that is, to build a good mobile phone for Weilai users, and to develop a mobile phone every year, just like Apple.

Editor’s comments

The introduction of new products every year is also the development strategy of abrasive and abrasive tools companies, but just like the "challenge" Li Bin said, it is not difficult to make an abrasive product, and it is still challenging to make a good abrasive product. For enterprises, the ultimate goal is not to innovate for the sake of innovation, but to innovate for the sake of "practicality" and "application". Therefore, we should not forget the original intention of innovation, communicate more with downstream customers, learn more about market information, and finally create a "good product".

MOBILE PHONE GREEN BOTTLE

Sprite announces permanent abandonment of green bottle

Sprite announced that from August 1st, it will abandon the iconic green bottle packaging. This green bottle contains green polyethylene terephthalate, which is usually only recycled into disposable products. Replaced by more environmentally friendly transparent containers, some foreign markets have switched to transparent plastic bottles.

Editor’s comments

After August, we will say goodbye to Sprite Green Bottle. The reason why a brand image can be deeply rooted in the hearts of consumers is that product quality is the key, and appearance is also an indispensable element. It allows consumers to identify the product itself at a glance. Sprite's move is quite bold, but I have to admit that the reason why Sprite has such courage is that the product has been highly recognized by consumers, so I don't worry about being forgotten. So, what's more, this change is because of "environmental protection". It is hoped that in the abrasive and abrasive industry with serious homogeneity, there are also companies that have the courage to use the "product itself" to enter the world.

Samsung Electronics Plans to Build "Unmanned Factory" in 2030

Samsung Electronics is planning to build an "unmanned factory" to solve the shortage of manpower caused by the "population cliff", which may set a precedent for major South Korean manufacturers.

Editor’s comments

With the increase of labor costs, many enterprises are adopting the strategy of "machine substitution". However, for the abrasive and abrasive industry, it is difficult to completely replace labor with machines in a short time, especially some non-standard products, relatively small products and products with small demand still need skilled workers to produce by hand. However, with the development of science and technology, "unmanned factory" is an inevitable development trend of manufacturing industry. Perhaps Samsung's move will bring reference to many industries.

UNMANNED FACTORY GREEN BOTTLE

Recently, the Pepsi dollar universe is on fire. Four Pepsi family virtual idols designed based on four classic hotselling products such as Pepsi, Pepsi Sugar-free, 7-Up and Mirinda officially debuted, creating the first domestic show Meta-universe Universe Live House, launching NFT, and opening up the third space in the future of the virtual world. The four virtual idols of the Pepsi family not only inherit the core of Pepsi's love, but also are the individual silhouettes of young creativity in the future. Taking this as a starting point, Pepsi's meta-universe officially opened.

Editor’s comments

Pepsi meta-universe, with young creativity as its core, has created a new virtual field, reshaping the multiple self-expression of contemporary young people and unlocking the infinite possibilities of young creativity. In the future, whether the grinding industry can also enter the meta-universe, use technology to do virtual innovation and virtual production to shorten the research and development cycle, pre-process the problems that arise in production, under the joint promotion of technological evolution and human needs, the realization of the meta-universe scene is worth looking forward.

Taking the flower road in the meta-universe, the Pepsi virtual sky group is not simple

Henan has become the world's largest producer of artificial diamonds. How far is the carat free?

Henan is the main producer of jewelry-grade cultivated diamonds in the world. Nearly half of the cultivated diamonds in the world are produced in China, of which the 80% production capacity comes from Henan. Relevant data show that the sales volume of artificial diamonds increased by more than 60% year-on-year in 2021. At present, the penetration rate of cultivated diamonds in the U.S. market is 6%-7%, and the penetration rate in the domestic market is less than 1%. Nowadays, the younger generation of domestic consumers are more and more accepting of such technological products as diamonds.

Editor’s comments

With the introduction of a series of national planning and industrial policies, the era of synthetic diamond is coming. Henan's cultivation of diamonds has quietly gone to the world and has become the epitome of the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry. With the help of policies, as an important superhard material, synthetic diamonds, especially cultivated diamonds, will usher in greater development, and the world's "diamond freedom" may be in the near future.

Xicha layout wedding business

THE WEDDING

On the day of Qixi Festival, Xicha joined forces with the local civil affairs bureaus in Hangzhou, Qingdao, Guangzhou and Wuhan to get a marriage certificate. Xicha announced on its official Weibo that since the launch of the "Happiness Plus Happiness" drink donation activity, it has sent Xicha to nearly 10,000 couples and officially launched a wedding banquet service.

Editor’s comments

With the development of the times, wedding consumption has become diversified and personalized. This move by Xi tea may mean entering the wedding business and "rolling" new tea drinks into the marriage field. After experiencing the price reduction tide, Xi cha, in the current increasingly fierce competition for new tea drinks, has opened up another way to open up the wedding business and enter the marriage field, which may also be an opportunity to open up new consumption scenes.

Zhong Xuegao launches coffee flash, ice cream track from inner roll to cross-border "doubles"

From August 12 to August 25, Zhong Xuegao began to launch coffee flash. However, Zhong Xuegao did not open his own coffee shop. Instead, he joined hands with other coffee brands to create a new species of "ice cream + coffee" with nearly 600 cafes across the country. The single product is sold at the price of 45 CNY.

Editor’s comments

Not enough in the ice cream industry, Zhong Xuegao began to cross the border again. In fact, in recent years, the ice cream track and the coffee track are somewhat similar, and the "inner roll" is intensifying. Zhong Xuegao's launch of the coffee pop-up shop this time can not only attract some original loyal consumers to experience new products, but also to a large extent, it attracts some consumers who were originally only interested in coffee products. From "inner volume" to cross-border "doubles", efforts are not only made by Zhong Xuegao, but also Maotai, Northeast Daban, Nestle and so on. So, abrasive companies, have you considered crossing the border?

bicycles are sold out in 165,000 CNY and Shanghai stores are sold out

Hermès's new

Recently, Hermes put a bicycle on its official mall for 165,000 CNY, causing heated discussion. According to the official customer service of Hermes, the 6-digit bicycle has been sold out in offline stores in Shanghai.

Editor’s comments

Bicycle of 160000 CNY? Still sold out? Is this the charm of the product itself or the value of the brand? I believe brands account for a larger proportion of the 165,000. In fact, it is the same for any enterprise. First do a good job in quality, make differentiation, and then build a good brand, you can get more recognition. It's just that this road will be more difficult. When will China's abrasive and abrasive tools industry break away from the whirlpool of homogenization and attract most consumers with brands alone? In this way, enterprises will not worry about low profits.

World Stone Materials Industry Chain Gathers in Xiamen ——Xiamen International Stone Materials Exhibition Opens

On July 30th, the global stone materials industry focused on Xiamen's grand event-the 22nd China Xiamen International Stone Materials Exhibition kicked off at Xiamen International Convention and Exhibition Center.

accessories and equipment.

The flow of people in this exhibition is good. Through the visit of the staff of Moku.com, we learned that there are about 140 superhard enterprises in this exhibition. The products on display include superhard saw blades, brush products, resin grinding blocks, diamond rope saws, drill bits, superhard materials, equipment, etc.

In the exchange with exhibitors, we learned that in the postpandemic era, more and more companies have begun to turn passive into active, constantly innovating, tapping development potential, and making great progress in innovation, high-end, refinement, and greening. At the same time, we are demand-oriented and continue to develop more targeted products.

The booth of Moku.com also welcomed many consultants, consulting in detail the service items, customers already served,

The Xiamen Stone materials Exhibition has a total of 8 exhibition areas, including domestic stone exhibition area, mechanical tools exhibition area, international exhibition area, natural stone variety exhibition area, design exhibition area, artificial stone exhibition area, outdoor exhibition area and media exhibition area. The exhibits cover a wide range of fields, from block plates to stone products, from mechanical tools to processing

2022 Tianjin International Refractory Exhibition

The 2022 Tianjin International Refractory Exhibition opened on August 23 in the National Convention and Exhibition Center (Tianjin). The exhibition will last for three days.

Moku.com took part in the exhibition with 100 issues of "China Grinding" magazine and "overseas directory”.

As an important part of the MTM Metal World Expo, this Tianjin

Among them, more than 120 refractory related enterprises such as Beijing Lier and Shengquan Group appeared in 2022 Tianjin International Refractory Exhibition.

During the visit, we found that although in the post-epidemic era, the flow of visitors to the exhibition was OK, and many professional visitors came to the exhibition site to understand the industry and market dynamics while seeking opportunities for cooperation. This is not only due to the professionalism of the exhibition in the industry, but also inseparable from the organizer's strict waiting. Exhibitors report for duty, special exhibition, equipment transportation, audience participation and other links in order.

Refractory Exhibition will be held at the same time as the Metallurgical Exhibition, Casting and Forging Exhibition, Steel Pipe Exhibition, Stainless Steel Exhibition and Metal Wire Exhibition to jointly build a one-stop industrial chain of iron and steel metallurgy and refractory materials. The procurement platform attracted more than 500 enterprises to participate in the exhibition.

As the first annual exhibition of the steel and refractory industries, the exhibition was held in Tianjin for the first time. It is based on the significant advantages and huge advantages of the Bohai Rim region in many aspects such as national development strategy, resource advantages, industrial scale, market potential, economic foundation and sustainable development. Under the background of strong industrial advantages, I believe exhibitors and visitors will achieve good results.

Anhui Province Brush Industry Chain Observation Delegation Went to Wuzhi-- Abrasive Industrial Park

On July 29, a delegation from the brush industry chain in Qianshan City, Anhui Province went to Wuzhi County Abrasive and Abrasive Tools Industry Park to study.

The delegation went deep into Wuzhi County Abrasives Industrial Park and visited Henan Xicheng Abrasives Co., Ltd. and Henan Jielida Superhard Products Co., Ltd. to learn about the relevant situation of the industrial park and enterprises. Bai Ning, general manager of Moku.com, made the trip.

Dang Junjie, chairman of the Abrasives Association of Wuzhi

to the introduction, observed the enterprise's production workshop and product display, exchanged and discussed with the enterprise and

After some exchanges, the delegation visited Henan Xicheng Abrasives Co., Ltd. and Henan Jielida Superhard Products Co., Ltd. Wherever they went, the members of the delegation listened carefully

project leaders, learned in detail the product characteristics and operating characteristics of the enterprise, and discussed how to promote the cooperation between the two parties.

During the inspection, the inspection team of the brush industry chain gave a high evaluation of the work of the Wuzhi Abrasives Industrial Park, and believed that the work of the industrial park has clear ideas, advanced concepts, and obvious advantages, which is worth learning and learning. The delegation said that it will bring back the good experience and practices of the Wuzhi Abrasives Industrial Park, carefully study and learn from it in the light of its own reality, and hope to take this inspection as an opportunity to further strengthen exchanges and learning between the two sides, achieve complementary advantages, and constantly promote new results in various work.

Look at the Camera and Go Ahead

——Jieao Abrasive Promotion Filming Documentary

On July 23, the video team of the mill library walked into Jieao grinding tools to shoot the promotional film. Looking down from Yuntai Mountain, which is surrounded by clouds and mist, a modern enterpriseHenan Jieao Abrasive Tools Co., Ltd. comes into view.

At 6: 30 in the morning, the sun slightly revealed its head, the banner of "China's Jiao Global Sharing" fluttered in the wind, and the shooting of the Jiao promotional film officially began.

The clean and tidy production environment, orderly production process and highly compatible Jieao provide excellent materials for our shooting.

From the factory gate to the workshop to the conference room, from finished products to packaging to monitoring, from production to sales to planning, our video team is enthusiastic and in full swing, just to freeze the best pictures and record the best moments.

Click, do it again. From the scene to the content, we shoot from multiple angles and devices, striving to make every detail perfect.

The photo shows the shooting process. It can be seen that a simple and short shot also requires the tacit cooperation of personnel to complete. Although the shooting process was hard and not easy, it was wonderful. We firmly believe in shooting high-quality promotional films for enterprises and move forward all the way.

An excellent corporate promotional film is a perfect display of corporate image, which can efficiently disseminate information and enhance the exposure rate of the company. It is precisely because of the value of the promotional film that more and more grinding companies choose to shoot corporate promotional films.

In order to respond to the needs of the enterprise, the video team set up by Moku.com entered the enterprise to shoot promotional films. At present, Moku.com has filmed promotional videos and celebrations for many companies such as Lieqi and Jiao. If you have any needs such as promotional film shooting and enterprise celebration activities, you can contact the customer service of Moku.com at 15515917616 (WeChat with the same number).

"Shengquan Cup" 2022 the Second International Refractory/Abrasive Industrial Chain Development Seminar Successfully Concluded

At 13:00 on August 23, the "Shengquan Cup" 2022 2nd International Refractory/Abrasive Industry Chain Development Seminar opened in Tianjin National Convention and Exhibition Center.

complex situation, where should the refractory industry go? How should enterprises develop? It is a question before you. I hope you can take this opportunity to exchange and discuss more and put forward your own opinions, so as to make suggestions for the development of high temperature resistant materials in China.

This conference is sponsored by China Refractory Industry Association, co-organized by Moku.com and Shanghai Shenshi Exhibition Service Co., Ltd., and exclusively named by Shandong Shengquan New Materials Co., Ltd.

Chai junlan, secretary general of china refractory industry association, presided over the meeting.

In the guest speech session, Zhao Jizeng, the rotating chairman of China Refractory Industry Association and chairman of Beijing Lier, gave a report on "Reflections on the Current Situation and Future Development of Refractories;

Li Yong, a doctoral supervisor and professor at the University of Science and Technology Beijing, gave a report entitled "Analysis of Several Issues Needing Attention in the Recent Innovation and Development of China's Refractory Industry;

Wang Jianhua, chief analyst of Shanghai Steel Union, made a report on "Search Up and Down-Review and Prospect of China's Steel Market;

At the beginning of the meeting, Zeng Dafan, president of China Refractory Industry Association, delivered a speech. President Zeng said that at present, the international situation is tense and the global economic growth is slow. Under the

Li Yongquan, vice president of China Refractory Industry Association, made a report on "Operation of Refractory Industry in the First Half of 2022;

Zhou Ningsheng, a professor at Henan University of Science and Technology, made a report on the synergy between wear-resistant materials and refractory materials;

Dr. Mingji Wang of Shengquan Group gave a report on "Application of Phenolic Resin in Refractory Materials;

Liu Defu, Project Director of Tangshan Yinglai Robot System Co., Ltd., made a report on "Innovation, Intelligent Manufacturing-New Development of Enabling Refractory Industry;

Zhang Rufeng, deputy general manager of Baichuan Yingfu, made a report on the basic situation and trend of China's fused white corundum industry.

In addition to the report full of dry goods, the meeting also held a round table forum, and everyone had a lively discussion on the topic of "green, low-carbon and intelligent manufacturing of refractory materials.

Liu Baikuan expressed that he hopes to guide the development of China's refractory industry through dialogue, and at the same time learn from the experience of advanced companies to form a benign interaction between Chinese refractory industry companies. Green and low carbon are the road that enterprises must take in the future, which is not only in line with the national orientation, but also conducive to the development of enterprises themselves; intelligent manufacturing is also a sharp weapon to help enterprises develop.

During the discussion, everyone agreed with the way of enterprise reduction development, green development, energysaving development, and digital development. At the same time, they also hoped to strengthen cooperation and form a better interactive relationship between upstream and downstream.

At 17:30 p. m., the "holy spring cup" 2022 the second international seminar on the development of refractory/abrasive industry chain successfully concluded.

Yuxing Abrasives, Kaijie Abrasives, Baofeng Abrasives, Juchuang Abrasives, Jinjuyuan Abrasives, Shenli Abrasives, Xinhuatong, Yongtai Abrasives, Jinqiao Baige, Sanyuan, Henan Moao, Xinmi Peak, Yixiang Aluminum, Sanai Industry, Ligang Wang Abrasives, Xin Haiyang Abrasives, Guangtian Sand Wheel, Fangyuan Sand Wheel Factory, Guangkuo Tiandi Abrasives Wheel Factory, Shunfei Sand Wheel, Qianfeng Abrasive etc, etc.

We walked into more than 20 grinding upstream and downstream enterprises, not only know the business situation, but also have a deeper understanding of the current market situation. While serving the enterprise well, we are also preparing for our next work.

Although the whole market situation in the first half of the year is not very optimistic, the mentality of grinding enterprises is still good, and they are all preparing for the market in the second half of the year.

Actively respond and explore the way of development

In our communication with enterprises, we learned that due to the impact of the pandemic, market demand is relatively low, coupled with serious homogenization, enterprise sales have also declined to a certain extent. In the first half of the year, there were many shutdowns, and the transportation of goods was affected, and the domestic and foreign markets were hit.

Under the situation of shrinking demand and declining sales, enterprises

Market Visits in June and July

move forward blindly, but should think about how to survive better. For example, by optimizing the production structure, reducing costs and increasing efficiency, stabilizing product quality to meet customer needs, not participating in price wars, maintaining good industry order, and so on.

Guo Lingju, chairman of Baofeng, told us that although sales have declined to a certain extent, the company still adheres to quality and will never discount quality. This is not only responsible for the brand, but also for downstream customers.

actively practice their internal skills and explore ways to survive.

Zhang Tonghui, general manager of Yuxing Abrasive Tools, told us that in the past 7 or 8 years, the homogenization of grinding wheel products has become more and more serious, and Yuxing has sought a breakthrough in stability and innovation.

Juchuang is also actively looking for breakthroughs, such as technological transformation, adding equipment, strengthening staff training, etc. In order to reduce the pressure of enterprise survival, in terms of product positioning, Juchuang has set its sights on medium and high-end products.

In the case of a decline in sales, Shenli Abrasive Tools has also made corresponding adjustments. On the one hand, reduce production capacity, reduce labor, and reduce production costs; on the other hand, separate working hours, compress working hours, and reduce electricity pressure.

Hou Qingkai, general manager of Kaijie said that companies should not

Xinhua Tong Han Xing said that the company has made a good layout of new customers in advance. Even if the old customers decline, the expanded

Embrace the market in the second half of the year with "positive" preparations

——Moku.com

new customers will make up for the sales volume of the company. In addition, according to customer feedback, enterprises improve product quality and practice internal skills to enhance product competitiveness.

Jinqiao White Pigeon Party Shuai told us that enterprises should first work hard on product quality and reduce the rejection rate in production. The second is to make a good layout, not to spell price, not to spell quantity; Then look for new user demand points, when the future market is on the right track, it will be transformed into a new growth point.

We also visited seven Guangkuotiandi township resin grinding wheel enterprises, namely Ligang Wang grinding tool, Xin Haiyang grinding tool, Guangtian grinding wheel, Fangyuan grinding wheel factory, Guangkuo Tiandi grinding wheel factory, Shunfei grinding wheel and Chifeng grinding tool. During the exchange, we also discussed the topic of how to break through under the current situation. Among them, good product quality and steady progress are the main themes of the development of most enterprises.

In the case of a bad environment, blindly reducing prices does not bring good benefits, but brings more challenges to the industry. As Ding Taiwei of Sanai Industrial said, it is not vicious competition that continues to reduce prices to bring more orders. Coupled with the serious homogenization of the industry, the profits

of enterprises with high production costs become lower.

Improving product performance, launching new products and new processes, or transforming to make enterprises more differentiated, may also be the rule of long-term survival of enterprises.

We have learned that Yuxing has been insisting on product testing and comparison for many years. During the testing process, Yuxing has continuously adjusted its product formula and production process in order to achieve the best ratio. Enterprises have also been trying out new abrasives and developing new formulas in order to continuously improve the performance of grinding wheels.

Baofeng has a new production line for coating abrasives this year. General Manager Liu Kun said that at present, the market feedback of garmentplated abrasives is very good, and many companies that have used them are very satisfied with the product. He is full of confidence in the development prospects of garment-plated abrasives in the later stage.

For many years, Jinjuyuan has been making R & D reserves, and the new products developed will be timely introduced to the market according to market demand and competition. The 500mm large and 400mm high-power slices recently introduced by the enterprise are innovations aimed at customer needs.

Adjust the process and bring forth the new

Sanyuan Chairman Chu Junqing told us that the construction of the new factory is to make new products with more bright spots, and the company has also invited a number of industry experts to make technical improvements. In terms of cutting, the hardness, wear resistance and cutting ratio of new products are greatly improved compared with previous products. In addition, Sanyuan is also actively adjusting the product structure to ensure the long-term development of the enterprise.

actively cooperates with major universities, and is brave to be the leader of new materials based on the development concept of high purity, materialization, and serialization.

link in the sales process of enterprises, because good products and good services complement each other.actively cooperates with major universities, and is brave to be the leader of new materials based on the development concept of high purity, materialization, and serialization.

In recent years, in order to meet the needs of downstream customers, production-oriented enterprises will make changes in ingredients and processes, and customization has become the trend of industry development.

In order to conform to the user's usage habits, Yuxing will also adjust the product technology according to different customer groups and product application fields.

Mr. Feng told us that Juchuang is a high-tech enterprise integrating scientific research, design, production, sales and system integration. About 400 kinds of products are introduced to the market every month, mainly for customized production services.

How to lay out the second half of 2022?

When talking about the market situation in the second half of the year, most companies maintain an optimistic attitude. Regardless of the trend in the second half of the year, companies will make a good layout in advance.

Yongtai Feng always told us that innovation is indispensable for taking advantage of the situation and practicing internal skills. Yongtai has never stopped on the road of innovation. From products to equipment to management system and corporate culture, Yongtai hopes to become the leader of the industry.

From silicon carbide to alumina, Zheng Guanjun led the peak on the road of transformation, starting from basic production and technology, and has been making technological reforms until 2019, when the peak of ground alumina products finally stabilized the market. Both quality and stability have been recognized by the market.

In the exchange with Mr. Li, we learned that Yixiang Aluminum not only has its own team of experts, but also

Fan Junxiao, technical director of Jinjuyuan, told us that enterprises will make customized products according to customers' different needs for use effect, product cost, use comfort and applicable fields. At present, customers have higher and higher requirements for product safety and comfort, so enterprises will make more efforts in this area.

President Moao Jiao said that in the domestic market, Moao's goal is to make every grinding wheel well, tap the real needs of customers, and then provide the most suitable products to customers. In addition, service is also an important

Juchuang Feng always predicts that the market will pick up in the second half of the year, but if enterprises want to achieve better performance, they also need to run more markets. The performance depends on the degree of diligence. Only by constantly tapping customer demand can we expand the market.

Jin Juyuan Li Fuxi said that what the enterprise should do is to do a good job in product quality, tap the needs of customers, and constantly explore on the road of specialization.

Xinhua Tong Han Xing said that enterprises will work towards the direction of maintaining growth and steady improvement. Next, enterprises will

gradually increase their overseas share, take into account the domestic and foreign markets, walk on two legs, and strive to "build a healthy enterprise of 100 million CNY.

Dang Shuai from Jinqiao Baige said that in the first half of the year, the enterprise has made a good product layout according to the situation. In addition to guiding the customers who have cooperated to find new demand points in the market, the company is also showing the characteristics of the products through the whole network coverage mode and various online platforms; so that final users can understand the products of Jinqiao Baige and help dealers develop the market in an all-round way.

Senior high school and different grades.

The visit to Moku.com not only received suggestions from colleagues in the industry, but also was recognized.

During the exchange, a number of enterprises in Guangkuitiandi Township, Jiaxian County, said that the local abrasive and abrasive enterprises are relatively conservative, and there is not enough communication with industry enterprises. When we visit the grinding warehouse, we can learn a lot of new trends.

In the process of communication, we talked with many enterprises about the newly launched online trading project of Moku.com.

After understanding the operation mode of the online transaction of Moku.com, many enterprises said that they were very interesting, creative and worth looking forward to. They were willing to have the opportunity to make new attempts with more enterprises in the future and bring new services to everyone.

When talking about the future planning of the peak, Zheng Guanjun said that in terms of high purity alumina, new technical cooperation will be sought; in terms of grinding alumina, it will focus on the development of products that grind 12-inch chips and lay out the market in advance to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.

In the communication with enterprises, we also learned that enterprises have export business. Zhang Tonghui said that at present, the foreign sales of Yuxing products account for about 20%, mainly for the Southeast Asian market. In the future, enterprises plan to increase the share of foreign markets, but the premise is to do a good job in the corresponding market layout, will not act rashly. During the exchange, he also consulted Bai Ning, general manager of Moku.com, about the work of Moku.com in helping the grinding enterprises to do overseas promotion. Bai Ning gave a detailed introduction to the overseas directory, export hosting and foreign exhibition services of the mill library.

When talking about export business, Li Yawei told us that at present, Jinjuyuan's exports account for about 30%, mainly to Brazil, Southeast Asia and other countries and regions. In the future, enterprises will continue to expand export areas, reduce risks and improve competitiveness.

From the perspective of foreign markets, Moao successfully exported nearly 50 countries and regions in the first half of this year to meet the needs of customers with low

Cover enterprise

1.Company Profile

Zhengzhou Haoyun New Material Technology Co., Ltd. is a scientific and technological and comprehensive enterprise focusing on the production, processing and sales of corundum abrasives and refractory materials.

The company has domestic advanced smelting furnaces, production and processing lines, with an annual output of more than 100000 tonnes of corundum products. At present, the company has more than 200 employees, including more than 10 high-tech R & D personnel and 15 multi-layer strict quality inspection personnel.

The brown corundum white corundum abrasives produced by the company have excellent quality and stable quality. They are widely used in coated abrasives, bonded abrasives, refractory materials, metallurgical casting and other fields, and are deeply trusted and praised by customers at home and abroad. The products not only occupy a high market share in the domestic market, but also are exported to Japan, South Korea, Europe and the United States and other countries and regions.

The company adheres to the business philosophy of "integrity, professionalism, pragmatism, and innovation", always starting from the customer's perspective and standpoint, with advanced technology and professional services, to help customers achieve their goals to the greatest extent and protect their interests.

2.Product category

White corundum series

Hao Yun: Use technology to improve quality and use integrity to create the future

Special white corundum abrasive F sand for consolidated abrasive tools

White corundum F sand has high purity, good sharpness, good cleanliness, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, and good chemical stability. It is suitable for manufacturing ceramics and resin bonded abrasive tools, and is also widely used in polishing, grinding, sandblasting, precision casting and other fields.

White corundum sand and fine powder for refractory materials

The hardness is higher than that of brown corundum, the toughness is slightly lower, the purity is high, the self-sharpening is good, the calorific value is small, the acid and alkali corrosion resistance, the high temperature resistance and the thermal stability are good. It can be used to make castables, refractory bricks, refractory mud, refractory cement and other refractory materials. In addition to refractory materials, white corundum powder can also be used as an additive to other refractory materials to improve their performance.

Special white corundum abrasive P sand for coated abrasives

White corundum P sand has sharp appearance, high purity, good cleanliness, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, and high temperature resistance. It is suitable for manufacturing various highend coated abrasive products.

white corundum micropowder

White corundum powder can be used for ultra-fine grinding and high-grade refractory materials. Suitable for processing hardened steel, alloy steel, high speed steel, high carbon steel and other materials with strong hardness and high tensile strength. It is also suitable for the grinding and polishing of piezoelectric crystals, semiconductors, monocrystalline silicon, and polycrystalline silicon. It can also be used as a contact medium, insulator, special ceramics and advanced refractory materials.

Brown corundum series

Special brown corundum abrasive P sand for coated abrasives

Brown corundum coated abrasive (P sand) uses advanced production technology, so that the particle size shape is mostly sword-shaped, the bulk density becomes smaller, and it has strong sharpness; the use of advanced purification technology makes the product clean and stable Strong.

Cover enterprise

brown corundum abrasive F sand for consolidated abrasive tools

Special

Brown corundum F sand has high hardness, high strength, high temperature resistance, high bulk density, uniform particles, high cleanliness, high grinding efficiency and stable chemical properties. It is an important raw material for cutting pieces, grinding pieces, special grinding wheels, grinding stones, grinding heads, sand tiles, resin grinding tools, rubber grinding tools and other grinding tools. Granular shaping can be customized according to customer requirements.

Brown corundum powder

The product has the characteristics of high purity, high toughness, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, good chemical stability, good cleanliness, uniform particles, and strong physical stability. It is widely used in refractory materials, fine grinding materials, pipe coatings, Wet/ dry sandblasting, polishing and beautifying surface treatment, polishing wax, polishing paste and other fields; in addition, the brown corundum micropowder produced by our company W63-W3.5 have pickling and water washing processes, and the product has high purity and less impurities.

Brown corundum sand and fine powder for refractory materials

Brown corundum products have the characteristics of high hardness, high purity, impact resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, non-powdering, non-bursting, and stable chemical properties. They are important raw materials in the refractory industry and are widely used in iron ditch castables., Refractory ramming, castable filling aggregates, are also used as high-quality raw materials for the three major parts of long nozzle, skateboard and various corundum products.

3.Production equipment and testing equipment

5.Interview

The following is a transcript of an interview with Zhao Yunhao, general manager of Hao Yun.

Grinding Magazine: It is understood that Haoyun New Materials has achieved good results in the industry in recent years. In your opinion, what is the main reason?

Zhao Yunhao: I think we should also benefit from the quality of our products. Although Haoyun New Material is very young, I have more than 20 years of production experience in the industry and rich work accumulation, so Haoyun has always played the "quality" brand. You know, high-quality and stable products are easier to win repeat customers.

In order to ensure stable product quality, I go to the production line every day and strictly control every process. In addition, in order to ensure timely delivery, I will also know how far each batch of goods is completed every day. It can be said that on-time delivery also provided a boost to Hao Yun's success.

Grinding Magazine: In your opinion, what are the advantages of Hao Yun?

Zhao Yunhao: Our corundum products are rich in variety and have a wide range of applications; the product quality is stable and is well received by customers at home and abroad; it can provide customized services for multiple data according to customer needs; the large scale of the enterprise can ensure the stability of supply; we do integrity management, and attach importance to win-win strategy.

Grinding Magazine: Recently, we often see Hao Yun in some industry conferences. What is the reason why enterprises choose to increase their exposure?

Zhao Yunhao: Before, our company has been relatively low-key and has never done publicity, because the product quality is stable, many customers buy back, and old customers

will also introduce new customers. Through word-of-mouth communication, the number of repeat customers of the company is also increasing.

However, now entering the Internet era of "the smell of wine is also afraid of deep alleys", publicity and marketing has become an important part. Although I am confident in the product quality of the enterprise, the lack of exposure will still limit the development of the enterprise. Moreover, I also see that many enterprises in the industry have changed their ideas and began to pay attention to publicity, so Hao Yun New Materials have also opened the way of marketing. Of course, I also have a lot of thinking on how to publicize, not only in line with the current development status, but also around the current policy, industry situation to make judgments, so as to promote the sound development of enterprises.

Grinding Magazine: In your opinion, what will be the changes in the abrasive industry in the future?

Zhao Yunhao: I think that in the future, strong enterprises will become stronger, while weak enterprises will become weaker. But no matter large or small enterprises, as long as they can strengthen themselves, they will not be afraid of risks. Therefore, in the process of enterprise development, we should not blindly pursue "big", but "strong".

Enhancing exchanges and seeking development All-grinding Committee Guangdong Branch Held Symposium Activities

In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the business development of member companies, strengthen the exchanges between member companies, enhance mutual friendship, and improve the service level of the Chamber of Commerce, on the afternoon of August 4, Fang Jiedong, chairman of the board of abrasives and abrasives of the all-China Federation of Industry and Commerce Hardware & Electromechanical Chamber of Commerce (hereinafter referred to as the "All-grinding Committee"), Wang Yang, deputy general manager, Wei Chao, general manager of Zhuhai Bangrui Synthetic Materials Co., Ltd., vice chairman, Xiong Defang, general manager of Zhuhai Shuangxiong Machinery Technology Co., Ltd., and Zhang Bo, general manager of Shenzhen Fengli Abrasives and Abrasive Tools Co., Ltd., vice chairman, secretary-General Zhou Qi, Deputy SecretaryGeneral Cai Cai and his entourage visited Shenzhen Sawa Abrasives Co., Ltd and were warmly received by Li Kai, general manager of Shenzhen Sawa Abrasives Co., Ltd.,-- the executive chairman organization.

At the symposium, the heads of various

enterprises made speeches one after another, speaking freely and offering suggestions on the current economic situation, enterprise production and operation conditions, market conditions, technological innovation, and difficulties faced.

Mr. Li said that in the current environment of increasing downward

to save themselves, and it is the last word for enterprises to survive. We should learn to control risks, speed up the recovery of payment for goods, reduce the risk of accounts receivable and improve the efficiency of capital use. We should speed up the transformation of technology and equipment, take more measures to reduce people's efficiency and reduce costs.

pressure on the economy, sales in all walks of life have declined to varying degrees, and the abrasive and abrasive industry is no exception, which is consistent with the downward trend of the economy. In the face of unprecedented challenges, entrepreneurs still need to strengthen their confidence, maintain a positive and optimistic attitude, face difficulties, seek opportunities in danger, practice their internal skills, and cultivate their main business. With the improvement of the epidemic, the release of the bail-out policy, the country's "new infrastructure" investment increased, the party's 20th National Congress, the economic operation will gradually recover. It is hoped that the majority of entrepreneurs will firmly grasp the opportunity for development, strengthen strategic thinking and pay more practical work.

Xiong Zong said that in the case of poor market conditions and overcapacity, entrepreneurs should not consider large-scale investment, but should stick to the source, strive to seize the blank period of the current market and the change period of industrial reshuffle, and concentrate on improving product quality and stability. We should learn from foreign advanced products and technologies and take the route of differentiation.

Mr. Wei and Mr. Zhang said that the continuous rise in raw material prices has brought heavy pressure on the cost control of enterprises. Some manufacturers maliciously cut prices to disrupt the market order, and it is difficult to raise product prices, gradually reducing the profit space of enterprises. In this situation, enterprises should do a good job in service guarantee, maintain good business relations with suppliers, and form close cooperation between supply and demand to ensure market demand.

After the symposium, everyone said that they were destined to gather on the platform of the All-Grinding Committee. They must strengthen exchanges and communication, work together, and work hard to create a vibrant and happy chamber of commerce!

The secretariat also said that entering member companies and deepening their understanding of member companies will be of great benefit to the future work of the secretariat. The secretariat should listen to the voices of members and serve member companies!

General manager Fang said that in the economic winter, enterprises should learn

The 2022 Meeting of Leaders of All-grinding Committee Successfully Held

On August 16, the Abrasives Committee of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce Hardware & Electromechanical Chamber of Commerce held the "2022 Meeting of Leaders of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce" in Dacheng, Hebei Province ". The purpose of the meeting is to promote the work of the Chamber of Commerce in 2022 and strengthen the communication and exchange of member enterprises.

In the morning, the delegates first visited the governing uints: Langfang Shouchuang Abrasives Co., Ltd. and Langfang Shengsen Abrasive Tools Co., Ltd.

At 3:00 p.m., the 2022 meeting of the vice chairmen and higher level

leaders of All-grinding Committee will officially begin.

President Xu Qunying summarized the work of All-grinding Committee in 2021 and elaborated the work plan for 2022.

President Xu gave a detailed introduction to the situation of Allgrinding committee's assistance to Henan flood fighting and disaster relief, the holding of meetings, interassociation visits and learning activities, the improvement of the

Li Kai said that abrasives and abrasive tools companies have encountered triple difficulties, the market has shrunk, and production and sales have declined; material prices

association's team and organization construction, and the improvement of the association's management ability.

Executive Chairman Fang Jiedong made a report on the financial income and expenditure of the All-Grinding Committee in 2022.

In the speech session of the "Grinding Enterprise Development Summit Forum", Executive Chairman Li Kai first expressed a series of views on the current environment and the development of grinding enterprises.

have remained high, and product sales prices have not risen; work has been suspended, and production has been

reduced. In the face of difficult situation, the solutions can provide other enterprises with reference experience.

At the end of the forum, President Xu Qunying made a concluding speech to encourage high-quality development of enterprises.

At 6:00 p.m., the meeting was successfully concluded.

Association columns

"Shengquan Cup" 2022 All-Grinding Committee Henan Branch Abrasive and Grinding Industry Association Held Successfully

On August 18, the "Shengquan Cup" 2022 All-Grinding Committee Henan Branch Abrasive and Grinding Industry Association was successfully held in Zhongzhou Huading Hotel, in Dengfeng. Relevant leaders of Zhengzhou Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, Zhengzhou Ecological Environment Bureau, Dengfeng Municipal Government, industry associations and representatives of nearly 100 enterprises attended the meeting.

Focusing on the current complex and severe economic situation, the meeting conducted in-depth exchanges and discussions on topics such as how to clarify development ideas, how to efficiently respond to the downward pressure on the economy, how to innovate and upgrade, and how to strengthen cooperation.

Li Yonggang, chairman of the White Dove Group, made a report entitled "The original heart is like a pan for development with the same voice, forge ahead and move steadily into the future. Xing Jieming, senior R & D manager of Shengquan Group, made a report entitled "Discussion on the Application of Functional Combination Resin.

Gu Jianquan, PhD in economics and former dean of Henan Academy of Social Sciences, brought a report on "Anchoring the" Two Guarantees "and Implementing the" Ten Strategies. Professor Wenjun Zou gave a report entitled "Application and Development of Phase Change Materials in Abrasive Tools. Jiang

Guangfeng, technical director of Weilin, made a report entitled "Development and application of a new type of anhydrous wetting agent for grinding wheels.

After the report, the meeting held a round table forum, and everyone had a lively discussion on the topic of "under the great changes, the road of industry innovation and coordination. The round table forum was presided over by Professor Zou Wenjun. Xu Qunying, Li Kai, Zhao Zhenjiang, Tao Xianbo, Yang Difan, Xiong Defang, Qiang Xiaojun, Yang Heng, Zhong Wanjiang, Guo Yahui, Zou Qian and Xia Jianfeng participated in the exchange.

Chairman Xu Qunying said that the current market situation is relatively severe, and companies should do a good job in integrating resources, selecting high-quality suppliers, maintaining sales channels, and improving management systems. Li Kai's executive chairman said that in the face of the severe domestic and foreign situation, enterprises should not only take advantage of the trend, but also take the lead and practice their internal skills. He also encouraged the upper, middle and lower reaches to work together to build a good brand.

At the end of the meeting, a signing ceremony for the internal procurement of All-grinding Committee was held, and a number of enterprises signed cooperation agreements on the spot.

At 17:30, the meeting ended smoothly. The participants went to Zhengzhou HaoYun New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Dengfeng zhonghe Kechuang Industrial Park and Dengfeng New Materials Industrial Park to visit and study.

All-Grinding Committee Visits Henan Universities and Some Abrasive and Abrasive Tools Enterprises

On August 19-20, under the leadership of Xu Qunying, chairman of All-grinding Committee, Fang Jiedong, executive chairman, and Li Kai, executive chairman of All-grinding Committee visited Materials School of Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou Jixiang Abrasives Co., Ltd., White Dove Abrasives Co., Ltd. and Wuzhi Abrasives Industrial Park. Discuss the industry situation, development direction and good solutions with industry colleagues.

hard to develop and give corresponding solutions.

In Zhengzhou Jixiang Abrasives Co.,

All-grinding Committee visited Henan Xicheng Abrasives Co., Ltd., Henan Baofeng Abrasives Co., Ltd. and Henan Xinhuatong Abrasives Co., Ltd., and then everyone sat together and spoke freely, analyzing the current situation and expressing their own unique opinions. After some exchanges, everyone agreed that enterprises should strive to persist, innovate continuously, stick to the bottom line and be flexible.

In the School of Materials of Henan University of Technology, Professor Zou Wenjun introduced the projects and achievements of his team to the whole grinding Committee. While praising, everyone said that what companies lack most is talents and cutting-edge technology. It is hoped that schools and enterprises will strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the future, and jointly transform R & D results into products needed by the market. Professor Zou also

Ltd., everyone discussed how to cultivate the backbone for the enterprise.

In White Dove Abrasives Co., Ltd., Chairman Li Yonggang introduced a series of changes after White Dove moved to the new factory. Everyone also spoke highly of White Dove's comprehensive advantages, including talent reserve, hardware strength, and management system. Chairman Xu said, White Dove has made great contributions to the industry and played a leading role. He hopes to have more exchanges and discussions in the future.

In Wuzhi Abrasives Industrial Park,

Leaving Wuzhi Abrasive and Abrasive Industrial Park, the chairman of All-

grinding Committee and his party went to Zhengzhou and visited Zhengzhou Jintai Cans and Jintai Technology Co., Ltd. to learn about the packaging process and manufacturing process of small sliced metal cans.

Through this visit, members of Allgrinding Committee have expressed their harvest, which not only strengthened the contact with scientific research institutions but also strengthened the communication with enterprises, and also had a clearer judgment on the current market situation, competition pattern and development trend, which provided a lot of reference for the next development of enterprises. The presidents said that the follow-up full grinding committee will continue to play a bridge role and bring better services to member enterprises.

hopes that enterprises will put forward more requirements and the team will work

Feng Eryong: From Poverty Giving Rise to Desire for Change to Following the Trend

When an individual's entrepreneurial choice meets the opportunity of the times, a group of people devote themselves to it with dreams. In this industry evolution, Feng Eryong also took Yongtai to move forward.

manufacturer of abrasives. Although it has gone through twists and turns, its development is still stable. Until 1998, the enterprise began to transform into abrasives, and this change will start with a cooperation in 1994.

At that time, Feng Eryong cooperated with an enterprise to produce diamond saw blades. When he first took over the saw blade project, the saw blade factory was in a state of loss. In order to turn losses into profits as soon as possible, the first thing after the cooperation was to do market research. He asked the business staff to take 50 saw blades to the downstream market for free trial and collect feedback information in time. The feedback surprised him: the quality of the product was so poor that no one wanted to continue using it. So he informed the factory to stop production immediately, which was once opposed by the partners. After negotiation, the factory stopped production, and Feng Eryong immediately started the quality improvement work.

Freshmen after two crossings

Before setting foot in the abrasives and abrasive tools industry, Feng Eryong worked as a people's teacher for 5 years and resigned in 1987 to go into business. When talking about the reasons for changing careers at the beginning, Feng Eryong used only four general situations-if you are poor, you will think about change.

In the 1980s, after the state put forward the policy of "implementing the state, the collective, and the individual together", it soon set off an upsurge of "all people doing business" across the country, forming a spectacular situation of "one billion people 0.9 billion business. Under the concept of openness and poor living conditions, Feng Eryong, like many entrepreneurs, wants to open a more magnificent chapter in life. The project he first saw had a lot to do with the doing business environment in Fengwan. At that time, Fengwan had many abrasive factories, and choosing a hot industry would have a better chance of winning. In this way, Feng Eryong resolutely borrowed money to start a business, and Yongtai was born in the opposition of his family.

In the following 10 years, Yongtai has been a professional

First of all, starting with equipment and raw materials, repair and upgrade the equipment, and select high-quality raw materials. Then ask technicians to solve the problems existing in production and technology. After a month and a half of full-line reforms, the new product went online. When he asked the business staff to bring 50 pieces of products to the market for trial again, he received good feedback. This round of trial also brought 300 pieces of orders to the factory. Everyone's confidence was boosted, the factory began mass production, and he led the team to continue to develop the market.

Four years later, Feng Eryong terminated the cooperation with his partners. When allocating assets, the partners used several resin grinding wheel presses and ovens as part of the asset deduction. In order not to waste these equipment, Feng Eryong changed his career under the arrangement of fate.

Talking about another career change, Feng Eryong's tone was mixed with a little sense of helplessness. He said that this change of career is not only because a new window has been opened in front of us, but also because too much energy has been invested in the diamond saw blade before, so that it has not been able to follow up the market changes in the abrasive industry in time, and the original market share

has been reduced.

The abrasive market did change greatly around 2000. At that time, the abrasive market in Zhengzhou was shrinking due to environmental protection policies. Many enterprises moved to Dengfeng, Yichuan and other places. Abrasive had no advantage in Zhengzhou. In such a market situation, Feng Eryong seems to be pushed to the second turning point of his life.

Push the industry forward and strive to be the new highland of the industry

In 1998, Yongtai began to produce resin grinding wheels.

In his first year of making grinding tools, Feng Eryong visited many domestic grinding tool manufacturers, participated in many industry exhibitions, and came into contact with many excellent grinding tool enterprises at home and abroad. By contrast, the gap between good and bad is becoming more and more obvious. He found that most domestic grinding wheel enterprises use earth kilns and their mechanical equipment is relatively backward. It is difficult to produce good products under such hardware conditions.

If Yongtai continues to use traditional equipment, adopt traditional craftsmanship, and produce traditional products, it will only be lost to the public.

In 1999, he led Yongtai to start the road of technological transformation and equipment upgrading, and the road of this reform is far more difficult than the last time, but the results are outstanding. It is common, but only European and American enterprises could produce it earlier. After seeing this product at the exhibition and understanding its excellent performance, Yongtai began to study it. How to feed? How to pour glue? How to ensure its hardness? In order to make this product, Yongtai took countless detours. After repeated tests, it finally made ultra-thin cutting pieces, becoming one of the earliest domestic enterprises to launch ultra-thin slices, pushing the industry to a new level.

Since 2011, Yongtai has been awarded the title of Top Ten Abrasive Tool Enterprises and Top Ten Export Enterprises in the National Abrasive Tool Industry for three consecutive years, and has been awarded the title of Henan Province Highquality Products and Henan Province Export Products Class I (Inspection-free) Enterprises. In 2016, the annual output value of the enterprise exceeded 0.1 billion yuan. In 2021, Yongtai's

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new factory in Nanyang was officially put into use, and the enterprise once again embarked on a new journey.

Looking back on the course of the enterprise for more than 30 years, Feng Eryong did not talk about too many hardships. He said that the rapid growth of the enterprise also benefits from the rapid development of the industry in the past 30 years, and the industry has made the enterprise, so he also hopes to do a good job in Yongtai and give back to the industry.

development, I will also encounter the situation of being imitated and plagiarized, but I have never regretted the company's investment in research and development. Someone has to try. This is the responsibility of the big factory. I hope Yongtai can become the leader of the industry in the future." To lead, quality alone is not enough, but also requires brand support.

In Feng Eryong's view, a large part of the scattered and chaotic situation in the abrasive and abrasive tools industry is due to insufficient brand concentration and the industry has not yet formed brand value. The competition of products in the future is the competition of brands. Only when the brand is strong can the enterprise have more support. Therefore, Yongtai will firmly move forward on the road of brand building.

In the past two years, rising costs have severely compressed the profits of abrasive tool companies. For this reason, companies have tried every means to reduce costs, and some companies have even started to cut corners. Feng Eryong did not approve of this. He believes that excessive low prices and low quality are tantamount to drinking poison to quench thirst. If enterprises are not profitable, they cannot continue to develop and iterate products. Today's customers pay more and more attention to quality, and only good products can retain customers.

What are the standards for good products?

Feng Eryong believes that the definition of a good grinding wheel depends not on how many knives it can cut, nor on its price, but on the comprehensive advantages of this product.

He put forward the concept of “product design”. In his view, each manufacturer has different designs for product quality, and product design is the pursuit of product advantages. Since we want to give full play to our advantages, we must understand the service objects of the product. Only by cutting into the precision market can we be suitable for different needs and be called a good product.

In order to continuously develop "good products", Yongtai spent a lot of time and energy to establish laboratories, upgrade equipment, and optimize processes, which in Feng Eryong's view is the responsibility of large enterprises.

"Although I have invested a lot in research and

If it is said that paying attention to innovation and research and development and brand building are the key factors for Yongtai's growth, then the control of details will make Yongtai's development more standardized and scientific.

When building the new factory, Feng Eryong and the management team focused on discussing how to balance the problems among employees, products and environment in details. He hoped to do his best to make every aspect be taken care.

Nowadays, visitors are impressed by the unique visiting passage, clean production environment, noise control in production, induction door in workshop, unpacked grinding wheel wrapped in plastic wrap, etc. However, a good detailed management will definitely enhance the company's core competitiveness.

Do a good job in product design and attach importance to brand value

End

At the end of the interview, the author asked Yongtai's work plan for the second half of the year. Feng Eryong thought for a moment and then said the words "follow the trend.

The phrase "follow the trend" comes from "Lu Shi Chun Qiu": a gentleman moves from time to time and follows the trend. The ancestors have already explained the meaning of "taking advantage of the situation" very well. It means that you need to make a decision and then move, distinguish all situations, and look at the possibility of all conditions. If the conditions are ripe, you can strike preemptively. If the time has not yet come, you need to wait and see the changes. Do not act rashly, develop yourself well, wait for the time to be ripe, and have the "conditions" for everything to achieve great things ".

From the perspective of "homeopathy", Feng Eryong suggested that companies should first practice their internal

skills, enhance market recognition, and at the same time explore opportunities in a sluggish market environment, and adjust their methods and strategies in a timely manner according to market development trends.

From the perspective of "for", he believes that the cause of grinding tools is his lifelong persistence and belief, so he hopes to specialize in his career and go further.

If we say that when we started a business, there was a part of risk-taking mentality, then today's "taking advantage of the trend" has a more calm charm. After more than 30 years of accumulation, Feng Eryong has already taken root in the industry. At this time, he is more concerned about focusing and seeking quality slowly.

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Zheng Guanjun: Do a good job of market layout in advance

There are not many examples of cross-business success, but there are many examples of cross-business failure, so cross-business has always been called "the game of the brave".

Zheng Guanjun has successfully transformed the enterprise from silicon carbide to alumina for more than 6 years. Today, the business scope of peak grinding materials is mainly divided into four major parts: grinding alumina, high purity alumina, silicon carbide and boehmite. The brand-new layout enables enterprises to expand their territory in many fields.

not only been used less and less in the semiconductor field, but its high price makes its application on grinding wheels not dominant.

It is precisely to see the decline of the silicon carbide industry. Since 2013, Zheng Guanjun has led the peak to the road of transformation and set his sights on the alumina industry.

Alumina was chosen because of an opportunity. While still making silicon carbide, Zheng Guanjun developed customers in Wuxi and finally selected a secondary agent. It was this agent who came into contact with alumina products and felt that the market was good. He asked Zheng Guanjun whether he could produce it. This inquiry also opened the prelude to the peak cross-business.

Zheng Guanjun started early in the abrasive and abrasive tools industry, and began to do silicon carbide smelting in 1989. In the mid-1990s, the silicon carbide industry ushered in rapid development, the peak also entered a period of rapid development. In order to meet the market demand, Zheng Guanjun continuously upgraded production equipment and continued to increase production. Under the diversified demand, in 2003, the enterprise added a new sand production line and opened up a new market.

However, the fiery level of the silicon carbide industry has not continued with the enthusiasm of the participants. Since 2005, the state's environmental protection requirements for smelting enterprises have become more and more strict. Many enterprises in Zhengzhou have either moved out or stopped production.

Until 2015, the heat of the silicon carbide industry gradually cooled down. Especially in recent years, silicon carbide has

Since agents have channels, the rest is technical issues. At the beginning, Zheng Guanjun was full of confidence. He felt that the production technologies of silicon carbide and alumina were similar. However, after starting production, he found that the production modes of these two products were completely different. The first trial production ended in failure.

However, Zheng Guanjun was not discouraged. In order to produce products that meet the requirements, he brought a lot of samples from the market, asked technicians to do experiments, and encouraged everyone to test boldly. At that time, the technicians did not have enough experience. Zheng Guanjun only understood the production process and was not proficient in alumina technology. There were many unknowns about whether the required products could be made in the end.

In order to make products as soon as possible, Zheng Guanjun has a clear division of labor. He is the general guide, and the technicians specialize in details. Everything starts from basic production and technology. In terms of introducing technical talents, he never grudges money. In his view, technology supports quality and technology creates the future.

"The product must be made when the market competition

is small, so that even if there are imitators in the later period, they will not be easily overtaken." With this belief, Zheng Guanjun invested more than 1000 million CNY in the early six years, and has been doing technological research and development until 2019, when the pinnacle of ground alumina products finally secured the market. Both quality and stability have been recognized by the market.

From the result, it is gratifying, but looking back on the past six years, only Zheng champion can understand the hardships.

When asked whether the losses over the years made him have the idea of giving up, he said that his mood was like a roller coaster at that time, ups and downs several times. From the blind self-confidence at the beginning to the firm belief after seeing the facts clearly to the consideration of timely stop loss, the loss of 6 years has taught him to persist and what is the overall situation.

"In the early days, I was very optimistic about the growing semiconductor industry and was full of confidence in the market for grinding alumina. In 2016, silicon carbide products obviously could not be sold, which further strengthened my idea of making alumina. If you do not change careers, the original output of the enterprise cannot support the existing workers. In addition, the equipment has been put into use, so we certainly can't give up immediately. At that time, the idea was that we had to rush up."

But no amount of conviction can withstand years of losses. In the 6th year of grinding alumina products, Zheng Guanjun secretly made up his mind to change the project if the product does not improve in the second half of 2018. After all, the time cost and capital cost invested are too high. If he insists on it, several other projects may be affected. It is also to be on the safe side. In 2019, the high-purity alumina project was launched at the peak to help enterprises generate income. It was also in the same year that the alumina grinding project was completed.

Nowadays, the market share of the domestic chip market accounts for 70% at its peak, especially in the domestic 8-inch chip field, with few competitors. However, Zheng Guanjun said frankly that the competitive pressure of enterprises is still not small. As the small-size chip market continues to shrink, new technologies and new materials continue to emerge, the peak must be prepared for a rainy day.

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We often hear the saying that materials can change the world. What the world will become in the future is closely related to the development of materials today.

Zheng Guanjun said that materials are a very complicated subject. Take alumina as an example. When sintering, starting from 1050 degrees, every 20 degrees will produce different changes. The subtle differences in hardness shape and

appearance will affect subsequent applications. In addition, different raw material grades, purity, sintering time, temperature, and added materials will produce different products. Although the category is still alumina, the performance is completely different, and the application fields are also very different.

This means that in order to stabilize the market, we should not only know the subtle changes of products in different environments, but also understand the different needs of customers.

In some segments, the peak deeply explores customer needs and the types of products produced in order to respond quickly to the market.

After nearly two years of market research, Zheng Guanjun found that the current market for 3-5-inch chips has begun to shrink. He expects that 6-inch chips will also be eliminated from

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the market within 5 years, and 8-inch and 12-inch chips will become mainstream products in the market in the future.

Although there are still some stable small chip customers at the peak, Zheng Guanjun has planned a clear development plan for the enterprise's alumina grinding project after finding signs of shrinking the product market: gradually adjust the proportion of products and reduce the inventory of alumina products used in small chips; Do not compete with similar enterprises in the market; The grinding alumina used for 12-inch chips is regarded as a key research and development project of the enterprise.

When cooperating with customers, Zheng Guanjun often considers whether it can be replaced. In his opinion, it is not enough to meet customer needs with existing products. Quality improvement must be made on the basis of the original products, so as to find new needs. At the same time, technology and materials should be matched to facilitate accurate docking with downstream markets.

It is the time to keep up with the market demand that the peak has achieved what is now proud. There is another advantage in laying out the market in advance, that is, it is not easy to be overtaken. After all, the research and development of a product cannot be completed in a short time, and it also needs a running-in period with customers. Even if there are imitators later, enterprises can still enjoy the first wave of dividends.

Zheng Guanjun said that with the continuous improvement of market technology, enterprises must constantly improve themselves, and standing still will only make the market smaller and smaller. Enterprises must always have a sense of crisis. Even if there seems to be no problem at the moment, everything has limitations. The market and demand are constantly changing. Therefore, we must look forward and consider the next development.

Divide the proportion of products and strengthen technical cooperation

At present, there are four products under the peak: ground alumina, high purity alumina, silicon carbide and boehmite. Zheng champion adjusted the proportion of products suitable for and conducive to the development of enterprises by analyzing the market status of several products.

In terms of grinding alumina, in addition to continuously improving the quality of products used on 6-inch and 8-inch chips, we will also focus on developing grinding alumina for 12inch chips. This product is also developed as a key product of the enterprise.

For the high purity alumina products of the current enterprise, Zheng Guanjun admitted that he had not done well enough. He inspected the market demand. At present, highpurity alumina with a particle size of 0.6 μm is well used and can be applied to ceramic substrates and ceramic filters. In addition, there are some applications in electronic films, but they are gradually replaced by boehmite because boehmite is thinner and lighter than high purity alumina.

In view of the different applications in different markets, Zheng Guanjun said that the next job is to find different experts to demonstrate, seek technical cooperation, and then think about how to open up the market. He set himself a preparation

time for the next year and firmly believes that he can make highpurity alumina products that meet the market demand.

At present, there are more and more enterprises producing boehmite in the market, and the overcapacity of conventional products is relatively serious. In view of this, Zheng Champion abandoned the more competitive 0.8 μm boehmite market and turned to develop 0.5 μm boehmite products.

At present, the peak silicon carbide products have stable cooperation with several foreign customers, and the other side has higher requirements for quality, which also forces enterprises to continue to cultivate deeply in the field of excellence.

In order to continuously improve the quality of products, Zheng Guanjun has always attached great importance to technical cooperation. He said that cooperation can combine the advantages of both sides and shorten the research and development time and cost. However, he also has very high requirements for technical partners. He must not only have forward-looking thinking, but also keep up with market trends; he must be good at communicating with his peers, but also have a broad mind and a cautious attitude.

However, for enterprises, technology alone is not enough. The person in charge should also consider how to apply the technology to the overall production and continuously refine it.

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Cost factors should also be considered. After all, enterprises have enough profits to support subsequent research and development and production.

Zheng Guanjun often said: the boss can't always sit there comfortably and direct, nor can he give all the work to the technicians. He must keep learning. First learn the professional framework, and then through practice to constantly explore the details of knowledge points.

After years of precipitation, Zheng Guanjun is also a senior technician in addition to the identity of the boss. He not only understands the entire production process of the product, but also is familiar with the core technology of the product. He confidently said: master the core technology, not afraid of being poached by others. And this is also one of the key factors for the peak to achieve good results, and it will also be a strong guarantee for the sustainable development of the enterprise.

Current Situation of Bauxite, Alumina, Corundum and Silicon Carbide Market in China

I. Bauxite Market

1.Market overview:

In August, the price center of China's domestic bauxite market was slightly adjusted, and the price change was mainly reflected in the price center of the mainstream market in the northern Henan region rising by about 20 CNY/ton. Due to the impact of cost pressure in the early stage, some enterprises have maintained the phenomenon of cost inversion for a long time. In order to alleviate the phenomenon of narrow profit margin of enterprises, most alumina enterprises have lowered the benchmark price of enterprises. However, in August, the impact of the rainy season was gradually reflected. Mining and transportation in various regions were affected to varying degrees. The spot supply in the market decreased again, and the tension between supply and demand intensified. The favorable support for domestic ore prices was obvious, leading to an increase in the focus of ore prices in some areas this month. In addition, the local government of Pinglu County, Shanxi Province went deep into Caochuan Town, Pinglu County to supervise and resolutely crack down on illegal mining activities in the Yellow River Basin. During the inspection, it was found that the local mines still had the phenomenon of inadequate rectification, and the control of mining and other aspects was strengthened. To a certain extent, it has a certain impact on the spot supply of ore. The price of mainstream ore in the southern region has not been significantly adjusted for the time being this month. The overall supply situation is relatively considerable compared with that in the north. However, due to the impact of the mine accident in the early stage, some enterprises in Guangxi have produced and consumed the ore inventory of enterprises. Moreover, the spot circulation of low sulfur ore in the market in Guizhou is tight and the price is running firmly. However, due to the obvious price reduction mentality of downstream alumina enterprises, the overall price trend is flat.

In terms of imported ore, the sea freight for imported

ore declined as a whole this month, but due to the shortage of tradable spot resources, the market is still dominated by executive orders. Secondly, the impact of the rainy season in Guinea is gradually showing, and the spot circulation in the market is relatively tight at present, which has a positive impact on the market price of imported ore to a certain extent, resulting in a slight increase in the market price of imported ore this month without being affected by the sea freight. Among them, the mainstream ore market quotations in Guinea and Indonesia have exceeded US $70/ton.

On the supply side:

Affected by rainfall in the northern region, mining is affected to a certain extent, and spot circulation is reduced; the overall supply situation in the southern region has not changed much compared with the previous period, and there are still some enterprises consuming ore stocks in the factory.

Inventory:

This month, the immediate inventory of bauxite in the port has decreased again. Due to the fermentation of Indonesia's ban on bauxite export and the uncertainty of Guinea's political situation, the spot supply of imported ore has been reduced, and the market has implemented more overseas long-term agreements. However, alumina plants have actively made inquiries to purchase spot goods, resulting in the market price of imported bauxite still maintaining a relatively high position despite the recent drop in sea freight. The shortage of spot supply has also led to the immediate stock of bauxite in Chinese ports falling to its lowest level in the past two years.

On the whole, many parties in the market have a high degree of attention to ore, but the current price fear is still more obvious, resulting in a price increase this month, but the increase is relatively limited.

At the end of this month, the mainstream aluminumcontaining 60% in Shanxi region, and the price of domestic ore with an aluminum-silicon ratio of 5.0 grade is basically at a bare price of about 450 CNY/ton to the factory, which is the same as that at the end of last month and 4.65% higher than that at the beginning of the year. At the end of this month, the price of domestic ore with 5.0 grade aluminum-silicon ratio in Henan region is basically at a bare price of about 450 CNY/ton, up 4.65% from the price at the end of last month and flat from the beginning of the year; at the end of this month, the mainstream aluminum-containing 53% in Guangxi, and the domestic ore with a ratio of aluminum to silicon of 8.0 grade are basically

Raw material price trend

tight supply of ore in Guangxi region in the south still exists, and the shortage of low-sulfur ore resources in Guizhou region has a certain boost to the price of domestic ore, or will lead to the mainstream ore price rise, but due to the current downstream alumina price trend is weak and stable, cost pressure has not been significantly eased, enterprises for the ore price fear of high mentality is still more obvious, buyers and sellers game, the market multi-party holding a wait-and-see attitude, although the price has room to rise, but the increase is relatively limited.

In terms of imported mines, short-term prices are expected to remain high. At present, although the sea freight has dropped, due to the high demand for imported ore, the favorable price support still exists. The impact of the rainy season in Guinea will not subside in the short term, and as the Guinean government is about to implement a new tax policy, it is expected that the FOB price of Guinean ore will rise in the later period, which will also promote the simultaneous increase in the quotation of China's imported ore market to a certain extent.

II: Alumina Market

located at a bare price of about 360 CNY/ton, which is the same as that at the end of last month and 2.86% higher than that at the beginning of the year. At the end of this month, the mainstream aluminum-containing 60% in Guizhou, and the domestic ore with a ratio of aluminum to silicon of 6.0 grade are basically located at a bare price of about 390 CNY/ton, which is the same as that at the end of last month and down 2.50% from.

This month, the mainstream price center of domestic bauxite in China has been stable and small, and the price adjustment is mainly reflected in the rise of about 20 CNY/ton in the northern Henan region due to the influence of supply and demand. It is expected that the price center of domestic ore in China will be slightly increased by about 10-20 CNY/ton again next month. On the one hand, due to the short-term impact of the rainy season in the northern region, and it is difficult to purchase imported ore in stock, the demand for domestic ore by alumina enterprises has increased again, and the tension between supply and demand has intensified, which will stimulate the price increase of domestic ore to a certain extent. However, the current

In August, China's domestic alumina market prices overall downward, relative to the previous stable state, this month's price decline has increased, as of August 30, the average monthly price fell about 20 CNY/ton. In terms of spot transactions, compared with the scarcity of market orders in July, the market activity in August increased significantly, but the transactions were mainly concentrated in the first half of the year. In the northern market, Shandong broke the stable situation in the middle of the month, and spot transactions were reported one after another, and the price fell more obviously. The local price fell by about 70 CNY/ton this month. Henan has higher costs, less spot inventory, and few transactions this month. Some local quotations are still above 3000 CNY/ton. Prices in Shanxi region fluctuated within a narrow range this month. Due to the same high cost, some local alumina enterprises were reluctant to sell at high prices, but the downstream feedback was not ideal due to poor demand. Compared with the north, there are sometimes low-priced spot transactions in the southern market, and the supply of alumina in the southwest is sufficient. Under the flat demand, the competition is becoming more and more fierce, and the price is gradually adjusted downward. There were frequent incidents in August, of which the biggest impact was the reduction in production of electrolytic aluminum enterprises

Raw material price trend

caused by the power shortage in the southwest, of which Sichuan Province required all domestic electrolytic aluminum enterprises to stop production, so that an alumina plant in Chongqing area to match its group's electrolytic aluminum appropriate pressure reduction, has not yet recovered. With the end of the month heavy rainfall hit the local high temperature and drought weather has eased, the later limited electricity affected the production of alumina, electrolytic aluminum enterprises or will gradually resume production. In addition, the continuous rainfall weather in Shanxi and the outbreak of Sanmenxia in Henan have limited impact on the production and transportation of alumina plants, and have not led to significant price fluctuations.

On the supply side:

In August by the power rationing, epidemic and ore shortage and other issues, resulting in some alumina plants to reduce production capacity, the actual start of a significant decline, the above-related production capacity has not yet resumed production, the resumption time to be determined, the probability will resume production in September part. In addition, some alumina plants were overhauled this month, resulting in a reduction in short-term production. Overall, China oxidized in August.

Aluminum supply fell short of expectations. As of August 30, China's alumina production capacity was 96.7 million tons, the construction capacity was 84.5 million tons, and the operating rate was 87.38%.

Demand side:

At the end of this month, the downstream electrolytic aluminum operating capacity was 40.443 million tons, which was significantly reduced compared with the end of July. Limited electricity factors, this month in Sichuan area electrolytic aluminum production reduction is obvious, although the same limited electricity restrictions, but the impact on production is limited. The decline in the start of downstream enterprises led to a reduction in demand for alumina, the field spot inquiry is scarce, the enterprise executive long list is mainly.

Cost:

In August, the price of aluminum oxide raw materials rose and fell, but the overall trend was downward. The supply of domestic ore by rainfall weather and environmental protection and other factors is more tight, so that local prices adjust upward. Imported ore is still the focus of attention of the industry, the relationship between supply and demand has not improved significantly, and prices have risen steadily; the price of port

thermal coal first fell and then rose, and the monthly average price was lower than that in July by nearly 80 CNY/ton; the price of caustic soda continued this month The previous downward trend, and the decline is more obvious. On the whole, the cost center of gravity of the aluminum oxide industry moved down in August, and the high cost pressure eased slightly.

On the profit side:

This month, the spot price and cost of alumina have both fallen, and the price has fallen sharply, so the profit margin of alumina has further narrowed this month. At present, there are still enterprises in the existence of cost inversion phenomenon has not significantly improved, while individual enterprises profit points in the profit and loss line hovering, the overall cost pressure in the Jinyu region is still greater.

On the whole, at the beginning of August, the downstream enterprises appropriately replenished the warehouse, and the real transactions one after another led to the activity in the market. However, the alumina market showed a double drop in supply and demand in the middle and late ten days, and the inventory of alumina enterprises was limited, thus the market activity was significantly reduced, and the trading atmosphere at the end of the month was cold and cheerless. It is expected that the market price of domestic alumina in China will still operate weakly and steadily in the short term, with the average daily price fluctuating within the range of 2910-2930.

In terms of imported alumina, the overseas market was relatively calm in August, with only two orders in the middle of the month, thus maintaining price stability. As of August 30, the FOB price in Western Australia was US $328/ton, almost the same as the price at the end of July. The price of sea freight from Western Australia to northern China has been mixed this month, currently at about US $45/ton. At present, the price of alumina at home

and abroad is basically the same, the original overseas high and domestic alumina opened the price difference in August was gradually flattened. According to the data released by the General Administration of Customs of China, in July 2022, China's alumina exports decreased significantly from the previous month, and the import volume was higher than the export volume. China's alumina market once again changed into a net import pattern.

Raw material price trend

put into production in the fourth quarter. At that time, the supply of China's alumina market will increase again, or the market price will be negative to a certain extent;

(3) In September, we still need to pay close attention to the production changes of a large alumina plant in Jinzhong, Shanxi. If it stops reducing production, it will be good for prices;

If its production remains in its current state or increases production, the price or the probability of continuing the current trend;

(4) As Shanxi's new round of environmental protection supervision found that there are still many environmental protection and safety problems in mining, the relevant safety control of local mines will be more stringent in the later period, which makes it difficult to increase the supply of domestic ore, the relationship between supply and demand is still tense, and the problem of ore procurement in alumina plants still exists;

Import ore policy is changeable, supply is not sufficient, alumina enterprises to maintain a high level of attention.

3.Baichuan Forecast

In August, spot transactions in the aluminum oxide market led to an active market in the early stage. In the later stage, downstream enterprises reduced production and reduced demand for alumina due to power rationing. As a result, the atmosphere in the alumina market was cold and cheerless. The double drop in supply and demand also weakened the favorable factors in the market. It is expected that the market price of domestic alumina in China will run steadily next month, with the average daily price fluctuating in the range of 2910-2930 CNY/ton;

(1) At present, the high temperature and drought weather in Sichuan has been alleviated, and the local power rationing problem has eased. Electrolytic aluminum enterprises in Sichuan may gradually resume production, thus increasing the demand for alumina and appropriate spot procurement, driving the market to be active.

The alumina plant in Chongqing, which has reduced production capacity in the early stage, will also resume production, changing the pattern of double decline in China's alumina supply and demand;

(2) The second phase expansion project of an alumina plant in Guangxi is expected to be completed and put into operation by the end of September, but it still takes time for the formal output to enter the market.

It is expected that its output will be reflected in the fourth quarter. In addition, other new production capacity is planned to be

On the whole, the cost of ore used in the alumina plant in the later period is difficult to alleviate significantly;

(5) The 8-month power limit, heavy rainfall and the new crown epidemic and other emergencies appeared one after another, although some of the events did not have a significant impact on the production and transportation of alumina enterprises.

However, it is still necessary to be alert to subsequent emergencies or changes in market atmosphere and fundamentals.

III. corundum market

1.Market Overview:

China's white corundum market prices fell slightly this month, mainly due to continued weakness in downstream demand. In August, the overall operation of the white corundum market remained stable, the mid-year Zouping electricity price rise led to the suspension of white corundum enterprises, the late Sanmenxia outbreak, some areas of transportation restrictions, white corundum enterprises due to the exhaustion of raw materials and production. In August, the cost of white corundum was mixed, alumina prices fell in Shandong, Henan rose, graphite electrode high power 350mm mainstream transaction price fell 3000 CNY/ ton from the beginning of the month, electricity price Shandong Zouping white corundum enterprise electricity price rose 0.05 CNY/ degree. However, at present, the linkage between the price of white corundum and the price of alumina is obviously weakened. The

Raw material price trend

decline of Shandong alumina price has not led to the change of Shandong white corundum price. Instead, the quotation of Henan white corundum enterprises is pulled down by Shandong low price.

2. Supply: The supply of white corundum continued to decrease this month. In mid-August, with the electricity price of Weiqiao Industrial Park, Zouping, Shangdong increasing, the early part of Shandong white corundum enterprises rely on their own cost advantages to significantly reduce prices, resulting in Shandong white corundum prices continue to fall, now the price has long been hovering near the loss line, and the rise in electricity costs directly led to the cost of white corundum enterprises upside down and then stop production. In the second half of the year, Sanmenxia in Henan Province and Chiping in Shandong Province once again had an epidemic situation. The epidemic situation in Sanmenxia was more serious. The closed-loop production of local white corundum enterprises was restricted. Logistics restrictions led to the failure of raw materials in white corundum enterprises to be replenished in time. Some enterprises stopped production in a hurry, while the epidemic situation in Chiping has little impact on white corundum production and freight transportation. And in addition to the impact of rising electricity prices and the outbreak, this month there are still enterprises due to operational pressure and shutdown, the supply of white corundum in August compared to July significantly lower.

3. Demand aspect: This month, the demand for white corundum did not improve significantly. In August, the steel market price fluctuated higher. The whole month's steel inventory was obviously removed from storage. The production enthusiasm of steel mills has increased. However, at present, the inventory of downstream refractory enterprises is also relatively sufficient, and the demand for white corundum has not increased significantly. Later real estate "golden nine silver ten" is coming, steel mills start or will continue to recover, with refractory enterprises to the warehouse, white corundum demand or will improve, at present, the recovery of white corundum demand still needs a certain amount of time, short-term or ineffective.

4. Cost Aspects: The cost of white corundum was mixed this month. In terms of alumina, the price of alumina in Shandong stopped steady in August. The settlement price of alumina in Shandong in August was 2971 CNY/ton, down 29 CNY/ton from last month. The price of aluminum oxide in Henan fell first and then rose in August. The calculated price in August was 3022 CNY/ton, up 1 CNY/ton from July. In August, the mainstream transaction price of 350mm high power of stone ink electrode continued to decline, down 3000 CNY/ton from the beginning of the month, driving the

cost of white corundum downward. In terms of electricity price, the electricity price of white corundum enterprises in Weiqiao Industrial Park, Zouping in Shandong Province rose by 0.05 CNY/degree. On the whole, Shandong Zouping white corundum enterprise costs rose, other white corundum enterprise costs fell.

5. Profit: The cost of white corundum was mixed this month, with Shandong Zouping white corundum enterprises rising, while other white corundum enterprises falling. In terms of price, the profits of Shandong white corundum enterprises are weak, so the loosening of alumina prices did not cause the price of white corundum to fall, while the early price of Henan white corundum enterprises is higher than that of Shandong, and the customer's purchasing intention has a tendency to transfer to Shandong. Under this pressure, the quotations of Henan white corundum enterprises have fallen one after another. On the whole, except for Zouping, the cost of enterprises in Shandong has decreased, the price has remained stable, and the profit has recovered; while the cost of enterprises in Henan has decreased slightly, but the price has fallen even more and the profit has declined.

6. Inventory: This month, white corundum inventory continued to decline, Henan Sanmenxia epidemic, white corundum enterprises more closed-loop production, delivery slightly stagnant, inventory slightly increased, while in August white corundum operating rate continued to decline, discontinued enterprises to maintain long single supply with inventory, and in-production enterprises are also actively going to the warehouse, white corundum market inventory as a whole is still a downward trend.

7. Future Forecast: At present, the market price of white corundum is near the loss line, and the impact of the decline in alumina prices on the price of white corundum is not obvious. It is expected that the white corundum market will remain stable in the later period, with a price adjustment of about 10 CNY/ton. At present, the price of white corundum is near the loss line, and it is expected that the price of white corundum will remain stable for a period of time. Demand-side steel mills continue to improve, refractory demand has rebounded, with refractory enterprises continue to go to the warehouse, the late demand for white corundum or will increase, but still need a certain period of time, a short period of time or poor results.

1.Market overview:

Raw material price trend

In August, the price of silicon carbide fell slightly, and manufacturers were looking forward to a rise. According to Baichuan Yingfu's understanding, the price of black silicon carbide fell slightly this month. Affected by the downturn in the market of downstream steel mills, the trading atmosphere of silicon carbide market was general, and the downstream bought more on demand. Enterprises mainly carried out previous orders, and the trend of first-class products was relatively better. Affected by the proportion of raw materials, some enterprises have experienced the phenomenon of accumulation of secondary and tertiary products, and the quotation is chaotic. A few manufacturers have allowed profits to sell and cleared the stock back. There was no significant fluctuation in the price of green silicon this month. At the end of August, the epidemic situation in the main producing areas fluctuated and transportation was limited. However, under the support of cost, the price mentality of manufacturers was obvious, and the price did not fluctuate for the time being.

2. Supply: Affected by the progress of Tianzhu's renovation, some sub-manufacturers stopped production for maintenance in August, with a slight decrease in output and a certain contraction in high-end first-class product resources. Recently, the market for secondary and tertiary products has a general trading atmosphere, the demand has not been significantly released, the supply is relatively sufficient, and some enterprises mainly eliminate warehouses. Affected by the epidemic in Xinjiang, the transportation of green silicon raw materials was restricted at the end of August, and the output in September may decline slightly.

3. Demand aspect: According to the data of China Steel Association, in mid-August 2022, key statistics steel enterprises produced 19.9627 million tons of crude steel, 18.587 million tons of pig iron and 19.4595 million tons of steel. Among them, crude steel produced 1.9963 million tons per day, up 2.72% from the previous month. The daily output of pig iron was 1.8587 million tons, up 3.84% from the previous month. Steel produced 1.9459 million tons per day, up 0.17% from the previous month. In mid-August 2022, the key statistics of steel stocks in iron and steel enterprises were 17.3292 million tons, an increase of 278,900 tons and an increase of 1.64% over the previous ten days; an increase of 732,600 tons and an increase of 4.41% over the end of last month; a decrease of 1.7021 million tons and a decrease of 8.94% compared with the same ten days last month; an increase of 6.0323 million tons and an increase of 53.40% over the beginning of the year; an increase of 2.395 million tons and an increase of 16.04% over the same period last year. According to the data, the steel market has picked up slightly recently, and the prices of some products have a rising trend, which is good for the downstream trend of silicon carbide. However, the downstream demand has not been significantly released, and it still needs some time or can be transmitted to the silicon carbide market.

4. Cost: Affected by the epidemic, the difficulty of transportation increased, Karamay coke price fell 300 CNY/ton, from the previous 7050 CNY/ton fell to 6750 CNY/ton, some green silicon carbide manufacturers currently have a certain stock of raw materials in the field, although

the epidemic has a greater impact on transportation, but the current production has not been affected, on the whole, there is no obvious fluctuation in the cost of green silicon. In terms of black silicon carbide raw materials, due to the tight supply of Taixi coal, the price remained high, and the price of Taixi coal to the factory remained above 3000 CNY/ ton. The mainstream raw materials in the market are mostly Shanxi coal and petroleum coke. At present, the factory price of Shanxi coal is about 1900 CNY/ton. Affected by the freight level in various regions, the actual factory price fluctuates slightly. Petroleum coke prices are stable and small. In addition, some black silicon manufacturers choose to mix materials to reduce costs. Overall, the cost side of silicon carbide is divergent, but the overall volatility is not significant.

5. Profit: Under the dual influence of the recent Tianzhu transformation and the low enthusiasm of downstream steel mills, some enterprises mainly export inventory, and the price center of black silicon carbide moved down in August. At the same time by the enterprise cost classification influence, some manufacturers quote confusion, and the second and third grade products have price reduction to sell the situation. In terms of green silicon, prices supported by costs did not fluctuate, but fluctuations in the epidemic in the main producing areas at the end of August led to an increase in transportation costs, and overall silicon carbide profits were compressed to a certain extent.

6. Market: The original price of first-class products in the black silicon carbide market is around 8200-8600 CNY/ton, while that of second-class products is around 6700-7500 CNY/ton, with occasional low-cost resources flowing out.

Green silicon, the market mainstream quotation in 15000-15800 CNY/ton, cost support, the price did not appear obvious fluctuations, with the outbreak ups and downs, 8 months after the shipment situation there is a certain fluctuation.

7. Inventory: Affected by the enthusiasm of downstream steel mills, the demand for black silicon carbide two-three pole products is difficult to be significantly released, and the supply is relatively sufficient. As some enterprises have entered the Tianzhu transformation stage, the total output of silicon carbide has a slight downward trend. Some enterprises are currently mainly consuming inventory. Overall, the inventory level has not fluctuated much compared with last month.

8. Future Forecast: On the whole, silicon carbide trend is weak and stable, it is recommended to pay attention to the trend of downstream steel mills, terminal demand fluctuations and Tianzhu transformation progress. Considering the impact of the fluctuation of the pandemic in the main production area of green silicon carbide on transportation, as well as the price change of Karamay coke, the price trend of green silicon in the later period may fluctuate depending on the development of the epidemic, and the black silicon is affected by the transformation of Tianzhu, and the supply of high-quality first-class products is tightened, which does not rule out the possibility of a small increase, and is expected to be within 200 CNY/ton.

Potential Development Prospect of Nano Diamond Application

Nanotechnology and nanomaterials are a very important technological territory that people competed for in the 21st century. Whoever has a place in this "fertile" territory first is the winner. What I want to tell you here is that nano-diamond is a leader in the nano-material family. Why is nanodiamond a leader in the nanomaterial family? In short, it is determined by its many excellent characteristics.

In the 1980s, a high-tech product-nanomaterials was born. Its magical characteristics and extremely wide application prospects are very attractive.

Nanotechnology has brought human understanding of nature to a new level. From then on, a number of new disciplines will be born, more new materials will be created, many new concepts and theories will be established one after another, the production mode of material products will change rapidly, and social life will undergo great changes. International scientific and technological authorities predict that the 21st century is the nanometer century, and the development of nanotechnology has far-reaching significance comparable to the industrial revolution in the 18th century. As a result, every big country is now emphasizing that nanotechnology will determine the fate of the country in the 21st century.

With the end of the micron age, the nano age began to cast the first light of dawn on the world. Where will the center of world civilization appear in the future? One thing is certain is that in the nano age, whoever has mastered the most advanced nanotechnology and who can benefit from nanotechnology first has the potential to become the center of a new generation of world civilization.

With the advent of the nano era, the first thing people feel must be the nano economy established on the basis of nano technology. The formation process of nano economy, first of all, nano products stand out from the basic research of nano technology. The emergence of nano diamond is one example. The gradual maturity of this product and the gradual expansion of its influence make the nano industry more and more prominent in the entire national economy

and the proportion is gradually increasing. Historical experience tells us that countries that once attached importance to micron technology have become developed countries today, and nanotechnology provides people with new opportunities. Countries that attach importance to nanomaterials today will take the lead in the future hightech competition.

It should be pointed out that modern science and technology often innovate at the intersection. It is precisely because nanotechnology is a multi-disciplinary crossintegration that it is full of original innovation opportunities. Scientists are also willing to work in this field to obtain the results of original innovation. The cross-integration of multiple disciplines on the nano-scale is the great vitality of nanotechnology, and it has rapidly formed a research field with a wide range of subject content and potential application prospects.

Nanomaterials are the foundation of nanotechnology. Because nanomaterials have the characteristics of small particle size, large specific surface area, high surface energy, and a large proportion of surface atoms, coupled with their four unique effects: small size effect, quantum size effect, Quantum tunneling effect and surface effect, nanomaterials possess strange or abnormal physical and chemical properties that traditional materials do not have.

Nano-diamond is an important member of the nanomaterial family. It not only retains the comprehensive and excellent characteristics of diamond, but also has a good biological compatibility that is harmless to the human body; it has a huge transmission to radar waves and infrared ultraviolet light. Rate and absorption, excellent cold cathode field emission effect, there are many carboxyl, hydrocarbon, carbonyl and other functional groups on the surface, it is easy to be closely combined with metal, rubber, plastic polymer, fabric surface, etc, so as to provide the technical basis and development space for the application of nanodiamond, this paper cites the following specific examples to illustrate.

1.Electrochemical and Electroless Plating of Nanodiamond and Metal

Experimental research shows that the application of nano-diamond in electroplating technology has the following advantages:

1.1 improve the quality and structural characteristics of products

Excellent wear resistance and high microhardness;

• High adhesion and low coefficient of friction;

High electrical insulation performance of anodized aluminum film;

High corrosion resistance;

The diffusion capacity of electrolyte has increased rapidly;

High elasticity.

1.2 the service life of products is increased by 1-9 times.

1.3 can save materials, energy and labor consumption.

1.4 The productivity of electroplating line is increased by 20%-50%, which is the same as that of plating.

The decrease in degree is related to the increase in the speed of film formation.

1.5The economic characteristics of the point solution process are improved.

2． Nano diamond is used for lubricating oil, solid lubricant and lubricating coolant

Nano diamond additive lubricating oil has the following advantages:

2.1 improve the quality and competitiveness of products; Improve the working life of the transport tool box device; Save oil burning materials.

2.2 friction momentum decreases by 20%-40%.

2.3 friction surface wear is reduced by 30%-40%.

2.4 fast running-in of friction pair.

The unit consumption of nano diamond is -0.1-0.2kg in 1000kg of lubricating oil.

3. Nano diamond is used for grinding and polishing

The United States, Britain and other countries have prepared nano polishing liquid and sold it. Conventional polishing liquid is to put particles of different particle sizes into the base liquid to make polishing agent, which is widely used in metallographic polishing, advanced camera lens polishing, advanced crystal polishing and rock polishing. The finest particle size is generally in the micron to sub-micron scale. With the rapid development of high technology, the

surface of the crystal is required to have a higher finish. This requires that the particles in the polishing agent become finer and narrower, and the nanoparticles provide the basis for achieving this goal. At present, the ultra-fine polishing liquid and polishing paste configured with nano diamond can be used for fine polishing of red, sapphire, jewelry, advanced optical lens and laser lens, and the surface roughness can reach Rmax << 1nm.

The polishing system containing nano-diamond has the following advantages:

3.1 nano diamond ultra-fine size can ensure the minimum surface roughness and the colloid stability of polishing system.

3.2 the chemical stability of nano-diamond, it can be used chemically for active additives of polishing system and reduction of polishing system.

3.3 reduce the component of polished surface material and reduce material loss.

3.4 due to the ion exchange and adsorption activity of nano-diamond, the activity of ion and molecular products on the surface of nano-diamond can be reduced, that is, the purity of the surface can be ensured.

3.5 the agglomeration structure of nanodiamond agglomerates is beneficial to the agglomeration regulation in suspended polishing systems.

3.6 the system is not poisonous.

3.7 polishing system containing nano-diamond can improve the quality and competitiveness of polishing products to ensure the processability of polishing difficultto-process materials.

For processing a surface of 1 square meter, the unit consumption of nano-diamond is 0.001-0.01kg.

4. Nano-diamond for Magnetic Recording System

First of all, nano-diamond is used as an anti-wear additive and a physical modifier in ferromagnetic coating of magnetic tapes and disks. Secondly, adding it to the electrochemical composite film can improve the stability of magnetic recording.

Magnetic nanoparticles have the characteristics of small size, single magnetic domain structure and high coercivity. Making magnetic recording materials with magnetic nanoparticles can improve signal-to-noise ratio and image quality. The size of magnetic particles as magnetic recording units must meet the following requirements:

(A) The length of the particles should be much smaller than the recording wavelength;

(B) The width of the particle should be much smaller than the recording depth;

(C) There should be as many magnetic particles as possible in a unit of recording volume.

4.1 the addition of nano-diamond to the ferromagnetic layer obviously reduces the magnetic domains (particles of ferromagnet), i .e. the recording density obviously increases.

Nano-diamond is introduced into the special film for magnetic head cleaning, and its wear resistance is obviously increased.

The soft magnetic information carrier containing nanodiamond has the following advantages: the wear of the magnetic carrier layer is reduced, which can ensure the best working conditions of the magnetic head and reading, the friction of the magnetic carrier is reduced, and the operation stability is improved. The unit consumption of nanodiamond is 1%-2% of the weight of the paint film.

Compared with pure CoP coating, the soft magnetic amorphous film of CoP-nano diamond 4.2 shows that the microhardness increases 30%. Wear resistance is increased by 3.5 times. The friction coefficient is reduced by 28.6%. The service life of magnetic head core is doubled.

Compared with pure electrochemical or electroless CoP coating, the microhardness of the hard magnetic polycrystal of CoP-nano diamond increases 20%, the corrosion current decreases 37.5%, the service life of the magnetic recording carrier increases, and the magnetic properties of the soft magnetic amorphous or hard magnetic coating do not change when nano diamond is added.

When the layer thickness is 1.1 to the negative 6th power m, the unit consumption of nano-diamond is about 1 karat for 1 square m.

5. For stealth materials

In recent years, with the development of science and technology, various detection methods have become more and more advanced. For example, the use of radar to emit electromagnetic waves can detect aircraft; the use of infrared detectors can also find infrared radiation objects. At present, in order to meet the needs of modern warfare and improve their strength in military confrontation, countries around the world also regard stealth technology as an important research object, among which stealth materials occupy

an important position in stealth technology. Suspend a small amount of nano-diamond in the paint and spray it on airplanes, tanks, missiles, and warships, which can play an invisible anti-corrosion role.

Why do ultrafine particles, especially nanoparticles, have stealth effects on infrared and electromagnetic waves? There are two main reasons: On the one hand, because the size of the nanoparticles is much smaller than the wavelength of infrared and radar waves, the transmittance of the nanoparticle material to this wavelength is much stronger than that of conventional materials, which greatly reduces the reflectivity of the wave. The reflected signals received by infrared detectors and radars become very weak, so as to achieve stealth; on the other hand, the specific surface area of the nanoparticle material is 3-4 orders of magnitude larger than that of conventional coarse powder, the absorption rate of infrared light and electromagnetic waves is much larger than that of conventional materials, which greatly reduces the intensity of reflected signals obtained by infrared detectors and radars, so it is difficult to find the detected target and plays a stealth role. At present, stealth materials have broad application prospects in many aspects, but most of the stealth materials that really play a role are used in aerospace and military components. One requirement for heavenly materials is light weight. Nanomaterials have advantages in this respect, especially nanomaterials composed of light elements are widely used in aviation stealth.

6. Nano-diamond for medical treatment

The size of nanoparticles is generally much smaller than that of red blood cells and red blood cells in organisms, which provides a new research approach for biological research, that is, the use of nanoparticles for cell separation, cell staining, and the use of nanoparticles to make special drugs Or new antibodies for local treatment, etc., the research on this aspect is now in its infancy, but it has broad application prospects.

Nanodiamond has unusually high adsorption capacity, large specific surface area, a large number of free electrons on the surface (a large number of atomic donors), a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of nanocrystals, the chemical inertness of the particles, and the hydrophilic properties of the surface. It is important for its possible therapeutic agents.

Nano-diamond can be used in oncology, gastroenterology, cardiology, diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases, skin diseases, etc. They have no carcinogenic or mutagenic properties and are not toxic.

Nanodiamond shows very high activity against pathogenic viruses, microorganisms and bacteria. Due to their high adsorption capacity and other uniqueness, they will be strongly adsorbed. They are active adsorbents, which biologically reduce the mobility of active substances and are a means to rapidly strengthen medicinal reagents. The application of nano-diamond can induce normalization of blood pressure. In addition, when the gastrointestinal system is sick, different skin diseases, and visceral poisoning, the use of nano-diamond is effective and is the best means to prevent burns.

The application of nano-diamond in aqueous and oily suspensions is beneficial to the strengthening of tumor medicinal reagents, as well as the reduction and elimination of pain, the normalization of intestinal peristalsis, the improvement of blood indicators, the improvement of life and the activity of the immune system, and the virus Excrete from the organic body, etc.

The application of nanodiamonds in combination with chemical and radiation therapy shows good prospects. In the treatment of malignant neoplasms, it is used to prevent the mutagenicity of effective agents, and nanodiamond will not reduce its efficacy. And can prevent the occurrence of normal cells and secondary tumor induction mutations under the action of cancer prevention agents. A course of treatment requires about 0.2-0.5 grams of nanodiamond.

7. Application of catalysis

Due to the small size of nanoparticles, the volume percentage occupied by the surface is large, the bond state and electronic state of the surface are different from the inside of the particle, and the surface atom coordination is not complete, which leads to the increase of the active position of the surface, which makes it have the basic conditions as a catalyst. Recently, research on the surface morphology of nanoparticles pointed out that with the decrease of particle size, the surface smoothness becomes worse, forming a concave uneven atomic step, which increases the contact surface of the chemical reaction. Some people predict that ultrafine particle catalysts are likely to become the main role of catalytic reactions in the 21st

century. Using the characteristics of nano-diamond, such as extremely specific surface, high surface energy and high porosity, it can manufacture small-volume and low-cost catalytic devices instead of the original huge and expensive equipment, and can be used as an environmentally friendly, solar cell box hydrogen storage device.

8. Adding nano-diamond to rubber and polymer can greatly improve its performance

Improve the burst resistance of tires (from 53Mpa to 154Mpa); Increase the elasticity of rubber products by 2 times and increase the wear resistance by 2-5 times; Add it to fluororubber to make rubber devices for engines, and add it to nitrile rubber to make sealing rings can greatly improve the elasticity at low temperatures; Add it to the polymer based on epoxy resin, which can increase the connection strength by 2-2.5 times.

9. Adding nano-diamond to explosive can greatly improve the explosive power

10. Adding nano-diamond to fuel oil can greatly improve the dispersion and combustion value of fuel oil, and achieve the purpose of energy saving, etc.

From the above examples, the application of nanodiamond in various aspects fully shows the pivotal position of nano-diamond in materials science in the 21st century. The attractive application prospect of the magical nanodiamond urges people to explore this brand-new material science field and brand-new research object, expand its application, and make it bring more benefits to mankind. It is believed that in the new century, nano-diamond materials will become a brilliant "star" in the field of materials science ". Exposed in new materials, energy, information and other fields, it plays a pivotal role in enriching the treasure house of human knowledge and bringing good news to mankind.

Discussion on Calculation Method of Material Ratio of Mixed

Burden for Brown Corundum Smelting (II)

Next to the previous issue

2.Discussion of problems and matters needing attention in using traditional methods

2.1 The existing Problems

2.1.1 There is ambiguity in the understanding of the concept of ferrosilicon ratio

In the traditional calculation formula (2) and (4) for the ratio calculation of mixed charge materials for brown corundum smelting, K is specified as "iron-silicon ratio of ferrosilicon", which is defined as the ratio of iron percentage content and silicon percentage content of ferrosilicon. Due to the diversification of the silica reduction reaction pathways in the mixed charge during the smelting process of brown corundum, except for the removal of a part of the reduction to elemental silicon and the generation of ferrosilicon, the rest will either generate SiO and other gases to be removed, or a small amount of silicon The residual in the form of silicon has not been reduced, resulting in the inconsistency between the iron-silicon ratio in the actual ferrosilicon and the "iron-silicon ratio" used in the calculation of the ratio of the mixed charge and the batching operation, the ironsilicon ratio in actual ferrosilicon is the real iron-silicon ratio, and the "iron-silicon ratio in ferrosilicon" used in the calculation of mixed charge ratio and batching operation is not the real iron-silicon ratio in ferrosilicon, so what K wants to express is not the iron-silicon ratio in ferrosilicon, but a parameter specified to meet the requirements of certain material ratio, this parameter can be expressed in the conceptual term "batching iron-silicon ratio", which is defined as the ratio of the percentage of iron to the percentage of silicon in the mixed charge. It can be seen that the "ingredient iron-silicon ratio" and the iron-silicon ratio of ferrosilicon are two completely different concepts. The so-called "iron-silicon ratio of ferrosilicon" in the traditional method calculation formula is actually the "ingredient iron-silicon ratio". The understanding and understanding of the meaning are different, resulting in ambiguity about the concept of ferrosilicon ratio.

2.1.2 The ratio range of ferrosilicon in ingredients is different, with high and low values

It is clear that after K in the calculation formulas (2) and (4) is the ratio of iron to silicon, how to take the value of the ratio of iron to silicon is the first problem that must be solved. The value range of the ingredient iron-silicon ratio is different from the value range of the iron-silicon ratio of ferrosilicon, but the value of the ingredient iron-silicon ratio is obviously closely related to the iron-silicon ratio of ferrosilicon. Its purpose is mainly to ensure that the iron-silicon ratio of ferrosilicon is within an appropriate range (4.5~6.5) to meet

the needs of promoting impurity sedimentation and separation and promoting impurity reduction reaction, and to meet the needs of ensuring the magnetic properties of ferrosilicon, at the same time, the economic use of iron additives needs to be considered.

According to the recommendation of relevant data, the appropriate value range of iron-silicon ratio in ferrosilicon is 4.5~6.5. Is it the iron-silicon ratio in ferrosilicon or the iron-silicon ratio in ingredients? Due to the ambiguity in the understanding of the concept of ferrosilicon ratio, some directly regard the ferrosilicon ratio in ferrosilicon as the ingredient iron-silicon ratio, which causes the iron-silicon ratio in the actual ferrosilicon to be higher than 4.5~6.5, generally reaching 6~8 or even higher; some believe that this requirement is the iron-silicon ratio in the actual ferrosilicon, as long as it can ensure that the iron-silicon ratio in the actual ferilicon is within the specified range (4.5~6.5), in addition, iron additives are used for different purposes and smelting equipment are different, so the ratio of iron to silicon in ingredients is often lower, and its value is mostly less than 5.0. In other words, due to the different understanding and understanding of the concept of ferrosilicon ratio, the batching iron-silicon ratio range used in the material ratio calculation formula is different, and the value is high and low.

2.1.3 There is no specific quantification to reflect the reduction of aluminum oxide and its effect on the material ratio

In the traditional method, some deterministic influencing factors, when discussing their influence on the material ratio, are treated as random influencing factors together with all other random influencing factors, and are not specifically quantified and reflected in the material ratio calculation formula.

Specifically, the traditional method of material ratio calculation formula only considers the reduction reaction of ferric oxide, silicon dioxide, and titanium dioxide. In fact, the reduction of aluminum oxide is inevitable, and the reduction of aluminum oxide is inevitable. Has an impact. Especially when the content of titanium dioxide in the raw material is high, the reduction amount of aluminum oxide is greater, and the effect of aluminum oxide reduction on the material ratio cannot be ignored.

Since the reduction reaction formula reflecting the physical and chemical principles based on the traditional method calculation formula is not comprehensive, it cannot accurately reflect the actual situation of the brown corundum smelting process. In the calculation formula of the mixed charge material ratio, there is no special quantitative reflection of the aluminum oxide The reduction and its influence on the material ratio, so the accuracy of the material ratio will inevitably be affected.

2.1.4 The degree of impurity reduction adopts a fixed value, which cannot accurately reflect the actual situation of the smelting process

For brown corundum smelting, it is necessary to reduce and remove impurities such as ferric oxide, silica, and titanium dioxide in the mixed charge in order to obtain brown corundum melt with chemical composition that meets the requirements. Whether it is from the chemical balance theory or from the practice of brown corundum smelting, all kinds of impurities cannot be completely reduced and removed, and a certain amount will always remain. Therefore, for materials of different quality, the degree of reduction of these impurities is It changes, not a fixed value; even if the same raw material and the same material ratio are used, due to the complexity and non-repeatability of the smelting process, the degree of reduction of various impurities is constantly changing, it will not be consistent; while the traditional method calculates the degree of reduction of impurities in the formula is a fixed value, which obviously cannot accurately reflect the actual situation of the brown corundum smelting process.

2.1.5 There is no specific quantification to reflect the effect of silicon and ferric oxide in iron additives on the material ratio

The silicon element and ferric oxide in iron additives are always inevitable. Due to the decrease in the quality of iron additives that can be obtained, one is that oxidation or doping increases the content of ferric oxide, and the other is that there is a certain amount of silicon element, which should be regarded as a deterministic influencing factor. The influence of the ratio of reducing agent and the ratio of iron additives cannot be ignored, and needs to be reflected in the material ratio calculation formula, but the traditional method calculation formula does not specifically quantify this.

2.1.6 The selection range of carbonaceous reducing agent ratio adjustment coefficient is wide

For the adjustment of the theoretical ratio of carbonaceous reducing agent, the specified "carbonaceous reducing agent ratio adjustment coefficient" is a comprehensive consideration of the accuracy of the theoretical ratio calculation formula (no distinction between deterministic influencing factors and random influencing factors) And the combined effect of various factors at the level of smelting practice (random influencing factors), an empirical coefficient that adjusts the theoretical ratio calculation formula and generally stipulates, the physical meaning is general, the selection range is wide, and its accurate value needs to be determined through smelting practice experience, specific selection and timely adjustment. The reason for this problem is that the traditional method does not distinguish the influencing factors of the accuracy of the theoretical ratio calculation formula according to the random influencing factors and the deterministic influencing factors according to the nature and law of action of the influencing factors, and does not distinguish the influencing factors of the accuracy of the theoretical ratio calculation formula from the influencing factors at the level of smelting practice, and adjust the theoretical ratio of carbon reducing agent according to their respective laws of action.

2.2 The Matters needing attention

2.2.1 The applicable requirements of the calculation formula for the chemical composition of bauxite

When the titanium dioxide content in the main raw material bauxite is low (for example, it is lower than 2.5%), the theoretical ratio calculation formula of carbonaceous reducing agent is not applicable, and the raw material combination needs to be readjusted, otherwise it will not only not be guaranteed that the titanium dioxide content in brown corundum is within the range of 1.5% ~ 3.8%, and the aluminum oxide content will also be high; the titanium dioxide content cannot be too high (for example, greater than 7.5%), otherwise the theoretical ratio calculation formula of carbonaceous reducing agent is also not applicable, it is also necessary to readjust the combination of raw materials, otherwise it cannot be guaranteed that the content of titanium dioxide in brown corundum is in the range of 1.5% ~ 3.8%, and the content of aluminum oxide is often lower than 94.5%.

2.2.2 The chemical composition of brown corundum is not a point value but a range value

According to the calculation formula of the traditional method, the expected chemical composition of brown corundum is not a point value but a range value, and there is no fixed target value. Therefore, the same bauxite or bauxite of different quality, especially bauxite with different titanium dioxide, is used to prepare mixed furnace materials according to the calculated material ratio. Due to the complexity and non-repeatability of the smelting process, the reduction degree of various impurities will not remain the same. The chemical composition of brown corundum produced by different furnaces is different, there is a certain range of changes, and the technical conditions of brown corundum products are stipulated, I .e. aluminum oxide content 94.5% ~ 97.5% and titanium dioxide content 1.5% ~ 3.8%. Therefore, when the chemical composition of brown corundum meets the technical conditions, its specific chemical composition is different, resulting in different physical and chemical indexes and technical properties, and the product quality and use are not exactly the same.

Conversely, because the technical conditions of brown corundum products stipulate that the chemical composition has a certain range of changes, the same quality bauxite can be used, and only the adjustment coefficient of the carbonaceous reducing agent in the calculation formula needs to be changed, thereby changing the degree of reduction of impurities such as titanium dioxide, Changing the material ratio and adjusting in front of the furnace can obtain brown corundum that meets the requirements with different specific chemical compositions of brown corundum, but whose chemical composition is within the scope specified by the technical conditions. Further requirements, in order to make the chemical composition of brown corundum basically consistent and have a fixed target value, it is necessary to change the adjustment coefficient of the carbonaceous reducing agent ratio in the calculation formula, adjust the material ratio, and supplement it with furnace adjustment, Control can be achieved.

2.2.3 The quality of raw materials shows a downward trend

With the development of social economy and the progress of science and technology, the demand for product market and raw materials is increasing, and the market demand for bauxite, carbonaceous reducing agent and iron additive is also increasing. Bauxite and carbonaceous reducing agents are non-renewable resources, especially high-quality bauxite resources. With the continuous exploitation and use, their natural reserves are becoming less and less, even close to exhaustion. As a result of market competition, the quality of bauxite used in brown corundum smelting is getting worse and worse. The advancement of casting technology has greatly developed precision casting and no-allowance casting. The machining allowance of castings is very small or even can be used directly without processing, resulting in the output ratio and output of cast iron chips and cast steel chips. Decline, but the actual market demand is constantly increasing. This contradiction between supply and demand is the inevitable result of technological progress and social and economic development, which directly leads to the shortage of iron additives for brown corundum smelting, the decline in quality is also an indisputable fact. The result of the decline in the quality of raw materials exceeds the standard to a certain extent, which will inevitably affect the accuracy of the material ratio calculation formula, and then affect the accuracy of the material ratio.

2.2.4 The quality of bauxite decreases, which requires higher accuracy of material ratio

The decline in the quality of bauxite is manifested in the practice of brown corundum smelting, that is, the furnace condition is unstable, the operation in front of the furnace is difficult, the operating conditions are deteriorated, the material flying and the combustion loss increases, the material ratio in the furnace changes, and the quality in front of the furnace is adjusted Frequent and large, even leading to safety accidents, and various technical and economic indicators are not ideal. These adverse effects will further deteriorate when the material ratio is inaccurate, thus reducing the quality of bauxite and requiring higher accuracy of the material ratio.

2.2.5 The choice of iron-silicon ratio is affected by many factors

Due to the different understanding and understanding of the concept of iron-silicon ratio, as well as the main purpose pursued in the smelting process of brown corundum and the different uses of brown corundum products, it promotes impurity sedimentation and separation, promotes impurity reduction reaction, and ensures the magnetic properties of ferrosilicon The degree of attention is different, and it is affected by the economic use of iron additives, which affects the choice of iron-silicon ratio.

In addition to the silicon element affecting the magnetic properties of ferrosilicon, other component metal elements such as aluminum and titanium in ferrosilicon content is high, its influence can not be ignored, thus affecting the choice of iron-silicon ratio.

2.2.6 Pre-furnace adjustment is an essential process operation

For carbonaceous reducing agent, since the "carbonaceous reducing agent ratio adjustment coefficient" in the calculation formula for adjusting the ratio is a range value with a certain degree

of uncertainty, the accuracy of adjusting the ratio of carbonaceous reducing agent will be affected, and the pre-furnace adjustment of the smelting site should be considered as appropriate to make up for its shortcomings. Pre-furnace adjustment is an essential process. Considering the amount of carbonaceous reducing agent ratio after the pre-furnace adjustment amount, it is the actual ratio of carbonaceous reducing agent, but as long as the carbon reducing agent ratio adjustment coefficient is properly taken, the carbon reducing agent adjustment ratio can be directly used as the actual ratio amount.

For iron additives, generally do not consider the pre-furnace adjustment amount, the iron additive adjustment ratio or theoretical ratio directly as the actual ratio.

3.New Method for Calculating Material Ratio of Mixed Burden for Brown Corundum Smelting

As mentioned above, through the research and analysis of the traditional method of calculating the material ratio of the mixed charge for brown corundum smelting, as well as the discussion of the problems and matters needing attention in the use of the traditional method, on this basis, this paper proposes a "new method for calculating the material ratio of the mixed charge for brown corundum smelting" with a wider range of raw material quality ". In the new method, the material ratio also includes the theoretical ratio, the adjustment ratio and the actual ratio; the calculation formula also includes the theoretical ratio calculation formula and the adjustment ratio calculation formula.

3.1 Calculation Formula of theory Ratio

In line with the principle of "improving the theoretical model to improve the accuracy of material ratio", in the derivation of the new method, the factors affecting the accuracy of the theoretical ratio calculation formula are overcome and improved. The factors influencing the accuracy of the theoretical ratio calculation formula are distinguished according to random influencing factors and deterministic influencing factors, and the deterministic factors that affect the accuracy of the theoretical ratio calculation formula are specifically quantified into the calculation formula as much as possible.

In the new method, the derivation of the theoretical ratio calculation formula takes into account the actual situation of the brown corundum smelting process as follows, and makes provisions, which is also the condition for the establishment of the theoretical ratio calculation formula of the new method:

(1) Target value of chemical composition of brown corundum: aluminum oxide content 95.0% ~ 96.0%, titanium dioxide content 2.5% ~ 3.5%, which is based on the general applicability of brown corundum and specified chemical composition; Other provisions can also be made according to smelting purpose, use and economic considerations;

(2) with the different content of aluminum oxide in bauxite, the consumption of bauxite for smelting 1 ton of brown corundum shall not exceed 1.4~1.5 tons, generally 1.1~1.3 tons;

(3) There is still a small amount of silica remaining in bauxite that has not been reduced. The degree of reduction is determined by the residual 0.5% of silica in the reduced bauxite, and the carbon distribution coefficient is determined by the formation of elemental silicon from silica;

(4) Iron trioxide is based on the formation of elemental iron to determine the carbon distribution coefficient, the degree of reduction in 100%;

(5) The carbon distribution coefficient of titanium dioxide in bauxite is determined by the formation of elemental titanium, and the degree of reduction is determined by the residual 2.3% ~ 3.0% titanium dioxide in the reduced bauxite, which can control the content of titanium dioxide in brown corundum to 2.3% ~ 3.5%;

(6) When the titanium dioxide in bauxite is less than 2.3%, it is necessary to take measures to increase titanium dioxide in bauxite; titanium dioxide is preferably lower than 5.5%, and when it exceeds 5.5%, it is necessary to take measures to increase aluminum oxide and reduce titanium dioxide in bauxite;

(7) Since the reduction difficulty of aluminum oxide and titanium oxide is close, aluminum oxide will inevitably be reduced when titanium dioxide is reduced, so a certain amount of carbonaceous reducing agent needs to be consumed. According to the experience learned from the practice of brown corundum smelting, it can be set to reduce 1 mol of titanium trioxide, and accordingly there will be 1 mol of aluminum trioxide reduction; equivalent to 2 mol of titanium dioxide reduction, corresponding to 1 mol of aluminum trioxide; converted into a weight ratio, if 1kg of titanium dioxide is reduced, 0.64kg of aluminum trioxide will be reduced. Based on this, the amount of aluminum oxide reduction in bauxite is calculated. A large part of these reduced aluminum oxide enters the smelting flue gas dust. A small part enters ferrosilicon, which will adversely affect the magnetic properties of ferrosilicon. This situation is mainly when the aluminum oxide content in brown corundum exceeds 96.5%, the influence is relatively obvious;

(8) There is a small amount of silicon in the iron additive and a certain amount of ferric oxide. It is necessary to consider adding another part of the iron additive and carbonaceous reducing agent;

(9) In the carbonaceous reducing agent, the amount of silica, ferric oxide and titanium dioxide brought in by ash is very small, and its influence on the material ratio is negligible;

(10) In bauxite, the relevant impurity components and their content involved in the calculation formula should meet the technical requirements. There are no other impurity components or their content is very small, which does not affect the realization of the chemical composition of brown corundum;

(11) In the process of brown corundum smelting, in addition to the reduction reaction of the relevant impurity components involved in the calculation formula, the reduction reaction of other impurity components can be ignored;

(12) Scientifically determine the value of the iron-silicon ratio. The purpose is to meet the needs of promoting impurity sedimentation and separation and promoting impurity reduction reaction, to meet the needs of ensuring the magnetic properties of ferrosilicon, and to consider the economical use of iron additives;

(13) Except that silicon elements affect the magnetic properties of ferrosilicon, other component metal elements do not affect, or the content of ferrosilicon is very small, and its influence is negligible.

According to the above regulations, a new method for calculating the ratio of mixed charge materials for brown corundum smelting is used. Based on 1000kg bauxite, the theoretical ratio (kg) of carbon reducing agent and iron additive is calculated, and the theoretical ratio is obtained accordingly. The new method of

theoretical ratio calculation formula is derived as follows:

In the calculation formulas (5) and (6): K is the ratio of iron to silicon, the theoretical ratio of GC carbonaceous reducing agent (kg), GFe is the theoretical ratio of iron additive (kg), TFe2O3% is the percentage content of ferric oxide in iron additive, and Kf is the supplementary adjustment coefficient of the proportion of iron additive; X% is assumed to be the percentage content of titanium dioxide remaining in reduced bauxite, in the range of 2.3% ~ 3.0%, it is selected according to the needs of the product, generally 2.3%.

It should be emphasized that the value of the ingredient ironsilicon ratio K needs to consider the influence of two factors, namely:

(1) In bauxite, except for a part of silicon dioxide reduced to elemental silicon and then generated ferrosilicon removed, the rest is either removed by generating SiO and other gases, or a small amount of residual silicon dioxide has not been reduced, which can reduce a certain amount of iron additives under the condition of ensuring the magnetic properties of ferrosilicon, which can be determined by reducing the value of the iron-silicon ratio of ingredients;

(2) When the content of aluminum oxide in brown corundum is greater than 96.5% and the content of titanium dioxide is less than 2.0%, the magnetic properties of ferrosilicon will decrease. It is necessary to increase the ratio of iron to silicon in the ingredients, and then increase the ratio of iron additives.

The formula for calculating the additional adjustment factor Kf for the proportion of iron additives is:

In formula (7): K' is the supplementary iron-silicon ratio, which is defined as the iron-silicon ratio of ferrosilicon when a certain amount of iron additive is added to the silicon element content in the iron additive to generate "assuming ferrosilicon", so as to ensure the main basis for the magnetic performance of "assuming ferrosilicon", and its value range is 4.5~6.5. Kf is mainly affected by the iron content, silicon content and the ratio of added iron to silicon. Si% is the percentage of silicon in the iron additive, and TFe% is the percentage of total iron in the iron additive.

In the new method, the theoretical ratio calculation formula is more accurate than the traditional method calculation formula, because of the more comprehensive consideration of deterministic factors, so it can more accurately reflect the actual situation of the brown corundum smelting process, and its accuracy is higher.

3.2 Calculation Formula of adjustment Ratio

The same as the traditional method, because the understanding of the deterministic influencing factors and the law of action that affect the accuracy of the theoretical ratio calculation formula is not necessarily comprehensive, the random influencing factors that affect the accuracy of the theoretical ratio calculation formula is no't

necessarily comprehensive, the random influencing factors that affect the accuracy of the theoretical ratio calculation formula still exist, and the accuracy of the theoretical ratio calculation formula of the new method is bound to be affected. It is determined by the accuracy of the theoretical ratio calculation formula, and the random influencing factors at the level of smelting practice still exist and exert influence. The accuracy of the theoretical ratio of mixed charge calculated according to the new method will also be affected, so it cannot be directly used. It needs to be adjusted based on the theoretical ratio calculation formula to obtain a more accurate adjustment ratio calculation formula, and then calculate the adjustment ratio before it can be used in smelting practice. The adjustment ratio is more accurate than the theoretical ratio.

For the adjustment of the theoretical ratio of carbon reducing agent, in the new method, the influence factors of the accuracy of the theoretical ratio calculation formula and the influence factors of the theoretical ratio accuracy of the smelting practice level are adjusted respectively. The adjustment method is to consider the overall role and laws of the two types of influencing factors, and specify an empirical coefficient respectively, that is, the theoretical model adjustment coefficient KC1 "in the factors affecting the accuracy of the theoretical ratio calculation formula, and the randomness of the smelting practice level The influencing factors stipulate a" carbon reducing agent ratio adjustment coefficient KC2 ", and the product of the two is the" carbon reducing agent ratio adjustment coefficient KC ", according to the calculation of carbonaceous reducing agent adjustment ratio.

The calculation of the amount of carbonaceous reducing agent adjustment ratio is to multiply the calculation formula (5) by the carbonaceous reducing agent ratio adjustment coefficient KC, that is, according to the calculation formula (8):

recommended to be selected and adjusted in time within the range of 1.1~1.2. Generally, the average value is 1.15.

Compared with the traditional method theoretical ratio calculation formula (1), the new method theoretical ratio calculation formula (5) more accurately reflects the actual situation of the brown corundum smelting process, and the accuracy of the new calculation method theoretical ratio calculation formula has been improved to a certain extent. Therefore, the value range of the carbon reducing agent ratio adjustment coefficient KC is relatively narrow, generally between 1.1 and 1.2.

For iron additives, whether it is affecting the accuracy of the theoretical ratio calculation formula, or the influence of the smelting practice on the accuracy of the theoretical ratio of iron additives, there are not many influencing factors, and the degree of influence

It is also small and negligible. Therefore, in the new method, the adjustment of the ratio of iron additives is equivalent to the theoretical ratio, just directly based on the percentage of silica and ferric oxide in bauxite, and the percentage content of silicon in the iron additive and the percentage content of total iron are equivalent to the calculation formula (6), which can be calculated according to the formula (7) and (9).

In the calculation formula (8): G'C is the adjusted ratio of carbon reducing agent (kg); The adjustment coefficient KC1 of the carbonaceous reducing agent ratio model is 0.9~1.0; the specific value of the adjustment coefficient KC2 of the carbonaceous reducing agent ratio operation is mainly due to different smelting equipment (including furnace type and transformer power), different operation processes (submerged arc operation or open arc operation and different electrical parameters, etc.), The variety and quality of carbonaceous reducing agent, the quality of bauxite, especially the content of titanium dioxide, the quality of iron filings additive, the target value of brown corundum chemical composition, etc., need to be determined through smelting practice; the value of KC2 is

Dr. Yuan talks about diamonds: the macro and micro structure of diamonds

Text/Yuan Zhizhong

The article was first published on the official account: Diamond Watch

Using the synchrotron radiation device of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider, the electron beam is first accelerated to a high-energy electron beam current with a linear accelerator, and a high-speed cyclic motion is performed in a storage ring with a circumference of 240.4 meters, and the speed reaches near the speed of light. Synchrotron radiation X-ray is introduced to the outer test station along the tangent direction. The diamond sample is located between the light source and the negative. The synchrotron white light incident ray is horizontally injected into the sample, the film enters the ray vertically, and the white light morphology can obtain the diffraction of multiple crystal plane groups in a few seconds. However, synchrotron radiation equipment cannot be easily used. A small X-ray machine can also be used to irradiate the sample, but it takes tens of minutes to be sensitive. The diffraction of multiple crystal plane groups is also obtained on the negative. The diffraction of each crystal plane group is arranged in an orderly manner in the direction of the main crystal plane, and the degree of symmetry of the arrangement shows the degree of difference between the angle of the facet and the main crystal plane. Jewelry does not need to consider the direction of the main crystal plane, but it is often necessary to determine the direction of the main crystal plane, for example, the (100) surface is a square structure, the (111) surface is a triangular/hexagonal structure, and the (110) surface is an oval structure. The following figure:

▲The picture on the left shows the diffraction of multiple groups of crystal planes in the direction of the main crystal plane (110) of natural brown diamond. At the correct angle of symmetrical elliptical arrangement, after the growth of brown diamond is completed, it is under great pressure under the ground. The two enlarged figures on the right show that the two crystal planes are squeezed to cause plastic deformation and broken.

Microstructure of Diamonds

Using a transmission electron microscope, diamonds can be magnified tens to millions of times, and carbon atoms can be seen. It is very difficult to make a sample. First, the diamond is ground to a 10-30 micron sheet, and then it is thinned by argon ions to penetrate the center, and the surrounding area is gradually thicker to a thickness of 2000 Å. You can see the diamond sheet in the transmission electron microscope. Microstructure defects, atomic lattice image and atomic image.

▲ Under the transmission electron microscope of CVDcultivated diamonds, black graphite inclusions, isofing patterns and dislocations can be seen. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies the structure of high temperature and high pressure (HPHT) diamond is not perfect, and there are dislocation loops and dislocation couples. It is due to the supersaturated vacancy in diamond and the existence of internal stress and inclusions.

Characteristics of transmission electron microscope:

To observe the very tiny impurities in the diamond, it is necessary to reduce the diamond to a thickness of several microns, and use a transmission electron microscope to increase it by thousands to tens of thousands to millions of times. TECNAI F30 field emission transmission electron microscope (FEI) was used to test cultured diamonds at 300KV. The results shown in the following figure show that when the growth rate of CVD cultivated diamond is fast, it is easy to have carbon atoms that are not converted into SP3 structure diamond, and the impurity state of SP1, SP2 carbon or graphite remains in the grown CVD cultivated diamond. Because the body is active and small, it can only be enlarged and observed with TEM of thousands to ten thousand times, and black graphite inclusions, equal tilting and dislocation can be seen.

▲ Equal Tilting and Dislocation Couples of HPHT Synthetic Diamond with Radiation Color Changed Dark Red

[Abrasive Class] Active Filler Conducive to Grinding (Serial 3)

Source: National Abrasive Quality Inspection NAQS

As a raw material for resin abrasive tools, in addition to abrasives, resins and hardeners, in order to improve certain properties of bonding agents or abrasive tools (such as strength, hardness, heat resistance, conductivity, surface quality, etc.), improve manufacturing processes and processing processes, it is sometimes necessary to add an appropriate amount of auxiliary materials. Fillers are also called fillers and generally refer to materials added to binders or molding materials as components to change the performance of the binder or reduce costs.

When the grinding wheel is dry grinding, there is sulfur or halogen vapor at the grinding place, which will break the chemical bonds of the steel, thus greatly improving the ability to grind the steel.

In some adhesives, metals containing low melting points melt the steel body in addition to increased grinding pressure and speed. It is also beneficial to combine low melting point metals with adhesives. The best formula for resin grinding wheels for dry grinding of steel is always a halogen or sulfur supplier.

When grinding stainless steel and alloy steel, chemically active filler is very important; for carbon steel is not very important, and when grinding non-metal, chemical active filler has no superiority.

Natural cryolite and pyrite

The chemical expression of natural cryolite is Na3AlF6 Cryolite powder is first used as a reinforcing material to improve the strength of abrasive tools. Furthermore, it is found that due to the low melting point of cryolite, the melting of cryolite during the grinding process causes the abrasive particles to fall off easily to prevent the blockage of the grinding wheel. In addition, melted cryolite can play a lubricating role in grinding; and it precipitates fluorine, which is beneficial to the grinding of steel, so cryolite powder is suitable for dry grinding wheels without coolant when grinding. Practice has proved that cryolite powder is not as reinforcing as hemihydrate gypsum powder for manufacturing ordinary grinding wheels, and its addition amount is generally 1.5-5%.

Technical conditions for cryolite

Pyrite (FeS2) can be used in the form of micropowder, but in the high-density coarse-grained grinding wheel formed by hot pressing, the particle size of pyrite is about 60#, which is between the abrasive size and the resin micropowder size. In the binder, the amount of addition is 50% of the volume of the micronized filler used, and the use of coarse-grained pyrite in

very coarse abrasive grains is capable of accommodating a large amount of filler and also has the ability to reduce the porosity to zero.

The mixture of natural cryolite and pyrite is an excellent filler. People make it prepare high-strength rough grinding wheels. These grinding wheels do not need metal lubricants, which can cause the steel to melt or at least soften during the operation of the grinding wheel. Make the cutting process easier.

Zinc sulfide and synthetic cryolite

Cryolite is the first active filler used. Among all fillers, it has always been the most widely used filler. However, due to its resources, people began to use other materials to replace it.

The chemical name of synthetic cryolite is potassium fluoroborate, and the chemical expression is KBF4, off-white, crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water. In fact, it is more active than natural cryolite. However, the addition of potassium fluoroborate reduces the tensile strength of the resin binder. Therefore, its usage is very small. Synthetic cryolite is usually mixed with inactive fillers such as feldspar. While potassium fluoroborate is used to improve grinding performance, feldspar is used to improve the tensile strength of the binder.

Active filler zinc sulfide (ZnS) is widely used in resin bond grinding wheels for cutting steel. It can be used not only in the form of natural minerals, sphalerite, but also in the form of chemical starch, which is more active and more expensive.

Lead chloride and antimony sulfide

Lead chloride, PbCl2, white crystal, 5.85 density, melting point 501 ℃, boiling point 950 ℃, insoluble in cold water, ethanol and ether, slightly soluble in hot water.

The grinding wheels prepared with these two materials have excellent cutting performance, but due to their accumulated toxicity, producers are not only harmed in the production process of preparation, mixing, molding, etc., but also under the action of grinding heat, these materials will also volatilize and endanger the health of users.

There are many kinds of fillers and combinations. Choose the right fillers to make your products by going up one flight of stairs.

Results: Preparation and Application Technology of Nanoscale Materials

Summary of results:

Nano-scale materials have large specific surface area, small size and high activity, so they have good filling effect, reducing sintering temperature, strengthening and toughening, improving microstructure and catalytic effect and other peculiar properties. The research team used a variety of new methods to prepare nano-Al2O3, SiO2, MgAl2O4, SiC, TiC and ZrB2-SiC materials. This nanomaterial has good dispersibility, maintains a small size at high temperatures, and is used in functional refractory materials (sliding plates, nozzle, stopper, graphite crucible, etc.) and high-performance ceramic materials, which significantly improve the thermal shock resistance, erosion resistance and oxidation resistance of the material, and has obtained a number of patents.

Contact person: Liu Xinhong School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University

Contact number: 13525500600 email: liuxinhong@zzu.edu.cn

Grindingshow

reaches the whole world

Name of Results: New Nitride Bonded Corundum

Ladle Breathable Brick

Summary of results:

The ladle breathable brick is a key element for refining outside the furnace. It plays an important role in cleaning molten steel and improving steel quality. Its use conditions are very harsh, especially the rapid temperature change and a large amount of cold air flow. The thermal shock effect is easy to cause the ventilation brick to cross or peel off, which is the key reason for its loss of function and low life. At present, breathable bricks have become a bottleneck factor limiting the improvement of refined ladle life.

Nitride has the characteristics of high strength, low thermal expansion coefficient, adjustable microstructure and excellent thermal shock resistance. The introduction of nitride into corundum permeable brick can significantly improve its thermal shock resistance when the high temperature strength is not reduced. This achievement does not change the existing molding process of the breathable brick, by introducing metal powder, adding special additives, and using high-temperature nitriding in-situ reaction process to prepare nitride combined with corundum breathable brick, which significantly improves the breathable brick The thermal shock resistance and spalling resistance have high blowing rate, easy oxygen blowing cleaning, and improve the life of the breathable brick. Therefore, it can reduce the consumption of ladle refractory materials, reduce labor intensity, meet the increasing requirements of steel users, and have better social and economic benefits. This product can replace the corundum-spinel, chrome corundumspinel permeable bricks used in the current special steel smelting process.

The results include patent name and patent number:

Patent name: Silicon nitride combined with corundum breathable brick, beta-Sialon combined with corundum prefabricated parts and its preparation method.

Patent numbers: ZL 2011110198041.2, ZL 2011110198040.8

Contact person: Jia Quanli School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University